Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
Analogy (15 pts.) mitochondria (cristae) 1. glycolysis : cystosol :: electron transport : ________ phloem 2. Vessel element : xylem :: sieve-tube member : ________ ________ vertical growth 3. Vascular cambium : lateral growth :: apical meristem : ________ 4. Stoma : epidermis :: lenticels ________ : periderm antennal gland insects : Malpighian tubules 5. Crustaceans : ________:: ground meristem 6. Pericycle : procambium :: cortex, pith : ________ 7. glucose : glycolysis :: ________: calvin cycle cytosine 8. adenine : guanine :: uracil : ________ open circ’ sys’ haemolymph 9. Closed circulatory circulat ory system : blood :: ________: pentamer 10. IgM : ________:: IgA : dimer plasma membrane 11. exocytic vesicles : Golgi body :: endocytic vesicles : ________ lateral root : pericycle 12. Root hair : epidermis :: ________ autocrine : cells that secrete the molecules :: paracrine: neighboring cells 13. ________ speech 14. Broca's area : ________:: Wernicke’s area : comprehension of speech production ATP, NADPH & O2 15. cyclic electron flow : ATP :: noncyclic electron flow : ________
Fill in the blanks (10 pts.)
Text Text
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
pigment________ containing cells, such as the ones found in squid, are called chromatophores. The cardiac cycle ________ with atrial and ventricular diastole. starts membrane potential Voltage-gated ion channels open or close in response to a change in ________. Lungs contain ________ called alveoli. air sacs muscles Tendon connects ________to bone. RBCs The spleen performs mechanical filtration of red blood cells to remove old________. contractile The ________ vacuole of Protozoa expels excess water gained by osmosis. blood CO2 is carried in ________ towards lungs mostly as bicarbonate. Neuroendocrinesignaling is when neurohormones diffuse into the bloodstream and trigger ________ responses anywhere in the body. swallowing 10. When ________, epiglottis covers the opening to the respiratory tract.
Sequencing (10 pts.) Arrange the the following following events in their proper proper order, that that is, the letter of the the first event event should should be written in #1 and the last in #5 for Set A, and the first in #6 and the last in #10 for Set B. Set A: Events in the synthesis and utilization of protein molecules A. RNA molecules molecules move into into the cytoplasm cytoplasm and and attach to the ribosomes ribosomes B. Intracellular digestion occurs. C. New proteins are initially modified D. RNA molecules are assembled in protein-coding regions of of DNA E. Proteins are sorted out and shipped to the lysosomes or the plasma membrane Set B: Events in breathing A. Contraction Contraction of intercostals intercostals muscles muscles and diaphragm diaphragm B. Decreased pH in blood
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Bio 11
C. D. E.
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
Increased pH in blood Stimulation of inspiratory centre in the brain Entry of air into lungs
Matching (15 pts.) 1. ATP is produced directly by substrate-level phosphorylation 2. acetalhyde is an intermediate product of this process 3. pyruvate can be regarded as the end product of this process
4. produces NADH and carbon dioxide; change pyruvate 5. reduced NAD+ transfers electrons to oxygen Cause and Effect 6. Obesity 7. Bone softening in adults 8. Anemia 9. Kwashiorkor 10. Defective blood clotting
11. FSH 12. GH 13. Oxytocin 14. PRL 15. TSH
a. b. c. d. e.
acetyl CoA formation electron transport system Krebs cycle Fermentation Glycolysis
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Mutated leptin Loss of appetite Vitamin D deficiency Undernourishment Iron deficiency Protein deficiency Vitamin K deficiency
a. b. c. d. e.
Thyroid gland Milk production and secretion Ova and sperm production Growth and metabolid functions Uterus contraction
True or False (5 pts.) 1. Differentiation reflects the synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells 2. 3. 4. 5.
within the same individual. The loss of one water molecule through transpiration creates a certain tension between the water molecules that also affects the water molecules in the soil. The protoderm which is an undifferentiated epidermis can be found in a region where most absorption of water occurs. The zone of cell maturation includes the apical meristems and its derivatives, the primary meristems. Scattered vascular bundles and possession of xylem tracheids are characteristics of a corn stem.
UP Psych Soc
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
Multiple Choice (45 pts.) 1. Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system? A. Root hairs B. Endodermis C. Mycorrhizae D. Fungi associated with the roots E. Fibrous arrangement of the roots 2. The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily A. Continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root B. Continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the centre of the apical meristem C. Elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem D. The elongation of root hairs E. Continuous cell division of root cap cells 3. The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that A. Urea can be exchanged for Na+ B. Urea is less toxic than ammonia C. Urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia D. Urea does not affect the osmolar gradient E. Less nitrogen is removed from the body 4. Chitin is a major component of A. The skeleton of mammals B. The hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms C. The exoskeleton of insects D. The body hair is of mammals E. The skeleton and birds 5. After ingestion by humans, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Cholesterol and other lipids D. Nucleic acids E. Minerals 6. In plant roots, the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following? A. It aids in the uptake of nutrients B. It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex C. It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts D. It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele E. It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
7. Which of the following differentiates ATP synthesis by susbtrate level phosphorylation (SP) and ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation? A. In SP, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP while in OP, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from ADP to another ADP to make ATP B. OP is powered by oxidation-reduction reactions that transfer electrons from organic molecules to oxygen while SP requires direct bonding of inorganic phosphate with ADP C. SP occurs in the cytoplasm while OP occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria D. OP happens only in the Krebs cycle while SP happens in glycolysis E. SP requires aerobic conditions while OP requires anaerobic conditions 8. During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? A. Glucose →ATP → oxygen B. Food → glycolysis → Krebs cycle → NADH → ATP C. Glucose → ATP → electron transport chain D. Food → Krebs cycle → ATP → NAD E. Food → NADP → electron transport chain → oxygen 9. Which of the following statements is false about bulk flow? A. It is driven primarily by pressure potential. B. It is more effective than diffusion over distances greater than 100 µm. C. It depends on a difference in pressure potential at the source and sink. D. It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water. E. It may be the result of either positive or negative pressure potential. 10. The root apical meristem differs from the stem apical meristem in that it A. Gives rise to the procambium B. Produces a root cap C. Is found at the region of cell formation D. Is covered with leaf primordia E. Has a high rate of mitotic activity 11. Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription? A. Tracheids B. Meristematic cells C. Mature mesophyll cells D. Glandular cells E. Companion cells 12. Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect? A. It conducts material from root tips to leaves. B. The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. C. It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. D. It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. E. No energy input is required for transport.
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
13. A tree will die slowly if it is girdled, meaning that a ringlike cut has been made all the way around the trunk to a depth just below the bark. The cause of death is mainly A. Destruction of the cork cambium B. Destruction of the procambium C. Destruction of the plant’s ability to continue primary growt h D. The killing of the bark cells E. Destruction of the axillary buds 14. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this observation, we can deduce that the cells in the celery stalks are A. Isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. B. Hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. C. Hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. D. Hypotonic to fresh water, but hypertonic to the salt solution. E. Hypertonic to the fresh water, but hypotonic to the salt solution. 15. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene and a chromosome? A. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of proteins B. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome C. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of DNA D. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA E. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of proteins 16. About 12 to 24 hours after the last meal, a person’s blood sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, although it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body’s ability to carry out A. Adaptation B. Growth C. Homeostasis D. Inheritance E. Metabolism 17. Which of the following are properties of all life forms? A. Heritable programs in the form of DNA B. Photosynthesis C. Growth and development D. Only A and C are correct E. A, B, and C are correct 18. Who among the following did not contribute anything to the development of cell biology? A. Theodor Schwann B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Robert Hooke D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek E. Matthias Schleiden
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
19. Most of the water taken up by a plant is A. Used as a solvent. B. Used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. C. Lost during transpiration. D. Converted to CO2. E. Used to keep cells turgid. 20. Which of the following is correct statement about sugar movement in phloem? A. Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport B. Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant C. Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources D. Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement E. Sugar transport does not require energy 21. Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin? A. Blood clotting and vitamin C B. Normal vision and vitamin A C. Synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D D. Protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E E. Production of white blood cells and vitamin K 22. Among mammals, it is generally true that A. All types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth B. After leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx C. The epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea D. The esophagus is a key source of digestive and enzymes E. The trachea needs to be esophagus and then to the stomach 23. During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of A. Nitric acid B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Carbon dioxide E. Carbon monoxide 24. Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, those classified as glycolytic typically have A. A higher concentration of myoglobin B. A higher density of mitochondria C. A darker visual appearance D. A smaller diameter E. Less resistance to fatigue 25. Of the following choices, impairment of a mammals breathing cycle is most likely following neural damage in A. The cerebrum and cerebellum B. The medulla oblongata and the pons C. The adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex D. The thalamus and the hypothalamus E. The frontal lobe and the temporal lobe
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
26. Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to A. Energized cross-bridges B. Myosin C. Actin D. Tropomyosin E. Troponin 27. Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function? A. Sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls B. Periderm - protective coat of woody stems and roots C. Pericycle - waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots D. Mesophyll - parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves E. Ground meristem - primary meristem that produces the ground tissue system 28. The root apical meristem differs from the stem apical meristem in that it A. Gives rise to the procambium B. Produces a root cap C. Is found at the region of cell formation D. Is covered with leaf primordia E. Has a high rate of mitotic activity 29. Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? A. Secondary xylem B. Leaves C. Trichomes D. Tubers E. Cortex 30. Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast A. Pericyle B. Exodermis C. Endodermis D. Epidermis E. Cortex 31. If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, A. The annual rings → new xylem → vascular cambium → phloem → periderm B. The secondary xylem → cork cambium → phloem → periderm C. The vascular cambium → oldest xylem → newest xylem D. The secondary xylem → secondary phloem → vascular cambium E. The summer wood --> periderm --> phloem 32. The significance of mitosis is that it A. Governs the quantity of cytoplasm in the daughter cells B. Makes the daughter cells identical to the parent cells C. Controls cell division D. Makes a multicellular organism identical to its parent E. Provides opportunity for the replication only of tissues
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
33. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________; they are different in that chloroplasts but not mitochondria ________. A. Deal with energy transformations; are found only in eukaryotes B. Have many internal membranes that increase their internal structure; are found in plants C. Have a double membrane; contain DNA D. Have an internal 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules; also have centrioles E. Have a double membrane; carry out photosynthesis 34. Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with the gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because A. Water is less dense than air B. Water contains much less 02 than air per unit volume C. Gills have less surface area than lungs D. Gills allow only unidirectional transport E. Gills allow water to flow in one direction 35. Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in A. Flatworms B. Earthworms C. Insects D. Vertebrates E. Cnidarians 36. The hypothalamus modulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary by means of A. Peptide hormones B. Steroid hormones C. Electrical synapses D. Neurotransmitters E. Paracrine signals 37. Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ________ nervous system. A. Sympathetic B. Somatic C. Central D. Visceral E. Parasympathetic 38. Calculation, contemplation, and cognition are human activities associated with increased activity in the A. Pituitary gland B. Hypothalamus C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum E. Spinal cord 39. Adaptive immunity depends on A. Traits common to groups of pathogens B. Pathogen-specific recognition
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Bio 11
FINALS Mock Exam
December 2015
C. Maternal provision of antibodies to offspring D. Plants being exposed to new pathogens E. Having exhausted all options for innate immunity responses 40. A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's A. Secretory cell B. Plasma cell C. Endocrine cell D. Target cell E. Regulatory cell 41. The establishment and expression of emotions involves the A. Frontal lobes and limbic system B. Frontal lobes and parietal lobes C. Parietal lobes and limbic system D. Frontal and occipital lobes E. Occipital lobes and limbic system 42. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration? A. Reduction of pyruvate to lactate B. Synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate C. The Krebs cycle D. The electron transport chain E. Glycolysis 43. A mineral that is especially important for preventing anemia is A. Zinc B. Iron C. Iodine D. Molybdenum E. Folic acid 44. Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely A. Found in freshwater lakes and streams B. Marine C. Amphibious D. Found in arid terrestrial environments E. Found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture 45. The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic targets is A. Acetylcholine B. Adenosine C. Norepinephrine D. Adrenaline E. Dopamine
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