EN BANC [G.R. No. 178160. February 26, 2009.] BASES CONVERSION AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, vs. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, respondent . petitioner , vs.
DECISION
CARPIO, J : p
The Case
Th! ! a pe""o# $or certiorari certiorari 1 %"h prayer $or "he !!ua#&e o$ a "e'porary re!"ra##( or)er a#) a %r" o$ pre*'#ary #+u#&"o#. The pe""o# !ee! "o #u**$y -e&!o# No. 2007020 2 )a"e) 12 Apr* 2007 o$ "he Co''!!o# o# Au)" /CA. AT-3C
The Facts
# 14 5ar&h 1992, Co#(re!! approe) Repub*& A&" /RA No. 7227 4 &rea"#( "he Ba!e! Co#er!o# a#) -ee*op'e#" Au"hor"y Au"hor"y /BC-A. 3e&"o# 9 o$ RA No. 7227 !"a"e! "ha" "he BC-A Boar) o$ -re&"or! /Boar) !ha** eer&!e "he po%er! a#) $u#&"o#! o$ "he BC-A. #)er 3e&"o# 10, "he $u#&"o#! o$ "he Boar) #&*u)e "he )e"er'#a"o# o$ "he or(a#a"o#a* or(a#a"o#a* !"ru&"ure a#) "he a)op"o# o$ a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e a" *ea!" eua*e#" "o "ha" o$ "he Ba#(o 3e#"ra* #( ;*p#a! /B3;. A&&or)#(*y A&&or)#(*y,, "he Boar) )e"er'#e) "he or(a#a"o#a* !"ru&"ure o$ "he BC-A a#) a)op"e) a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e $or "! o$$&a*! o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee!. e'p*oyee!. # 20 -e&e'ber 1996, "he Boar) a)op"e) a #e% &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e %h&h #&*u)e) a ;10,000 yeare#) be#e$" (ra#"e) "o ea&h &o#"ra&"ua* e'p*oyee, re(u*ar per'a#e#" e'p*oyee, e'p*oyee, a#) Boar) 'e'ber. 'e'ber. <# a 'e'ora#)u' 'e'ora#)u' = )a"e) 2> Au(u!" 1997, Boar) Char'a# ?&"o ?&"ora#o ra#o A. Ba!&o /Char'a# Ba!&o re&o''e#)e) "o ;re!)e#" F)e* ?. Ra'o! /;re!)e#" Ra'o! "he approa* o$ "he #e% &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e. <# a 'e'ora#)u' > )a"e) 9 &"ober 1997, ;re!)e#" Ra'o! approe) "he #e% &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e. CTEa&
<# 1999, "he B3; (ae a ;40,000 yeare#) be#e$" "o "! o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee!. <# 2000, "he B3; #&rea!e) "he yeare#) be#e$" $ro' ;40,000 "o ;4>,000. ;ur!ua#" "o 3e&"o# 10 o$ RA No. 7227 %h&h !"a"e! "ha" "he &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e o$ "he BC-A
!ha** be a" *ea!" eua*e#" "o "ha" o$ "he B3;, "he Boar) #&rea!e) "he yeare#) be#e$" o$ BC-A o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee! $ro' ;10,000 "o ;40,000. Thu! # 2000 a#) 2001, BC-A o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee! re&ee) a ;40,000 yeare#) be#e$", a#), o# 1 &"ober 2002, "he Boar) pa!!e) Re!o*u"o# No. 200210194 6 appro#( "he re*ea!e o$ a ;40,000 yeare#) be#e$" $or 2002. A!)e $ro' "he &o#"ra&"ua* e'p*oyee!, re(u*ar per'a#e#" e'p*oyee!, a#) Boar) 'e'ber!, "he $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! o$ "he BC-A a*!o re&ee) "he yeare#) be#e$". # 20 February 2004, 3"a"e Au)"or
<# -e&!o# No. 2007020, 1= "he CA a$$r'e) "he )!a**o%a#&e o$ "he yeare#) be#e$" (ra#"e) "o "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! a#) he*) "ha" "he pre!u'p"o# o$ (oo) $a"h )) #o" app*y "o "he'. The CA !"a"e) "ha": The (ra#"#( o$ DEB . . . ! #o" %"hou" . . . *'"a"o#. -B5 Cr&u*ar e""er No. 200202 )a"e) a#uary 2, 2002 !"a"#(, viz.: 2.0To &*ar$y a#) a))re!! !!ue!reue!"! &o#&er##( "he !a'e, "he $o**o%#( &o'pe#!a"o# po*&e! are hereby re"era"e): 2.1;ERA, A-C5, DEB a#) re"re'e#" be#e$"!, are per!o##e* be#e$"! (ra#"e) # a))"o# "o !a*are!. A! $r#(e be#e$"!, "he!e !ha** be pa) o#*y %he# "he ba!& !a*ary ! a*!o pa). 2.25e'ber! o$ "he Boar) o$ -re&"or! o$ a(e#&e! are #o" !a*are) o$$&a*! o$ "he (oer#'e#". A! #o#!a*are) o$$&a*! "hey are #o" e#""*e) "o ;ERA,
A-C5, DEB a#) re"re'e#" be#e$"! u#*e!! epre!!*y pro)e) by *a%. 2.4-epar"'e#" 3e&re"are!, #)er!e&re"are! a#) A!!!"a#" 3e&re"are! %ho !ere a! Eo$$&o 5e'ber! o$ "he Boar) o$ -re&"or! are #o" e#""*e) "o a#y re'u#era"o# # *#e %"h "he 3upre'e Cour" ru*#( "ha" "her !er&e! # "he Boar) are a*rea)y pa) $or a#) &oere) by "he re'u#era"o# a""a&he) "o "her o$$&e. /u#)er!&or#( our! C*ear*y, a! !"a"e) aboe, the "e"#e$s a% e&())ici( "e"#e$s () the B(a$% () Di$ect($s a$e (t etitle% t( YEB* the+ #ei! (t sala$ie% ())icials () the !(,e$"et . The !a'e (oe! %"h )ull ti"e c(sultats %here# #o e'p*oyer e'p*oyee re*a"o#!hp! e!" be"%ee# "he' a#) "he BC-A. Thu!, "he %ho*e a'ou#" pa) "o "he' "o"a*#( ;4=2,000 ! proper*y )!a**o%e) # au)". aE3TA<
5oreoer, "he pre!u'p"o# o$ (oo) $a"h 'ay #o" app*y "o "he 'e'ber! a#) e o$$&o 'e'ber! o$ "he Boar) o$ -re&"or! be&au!e )e!p"e "he ear*er &*ar$&a"o# o# "he 'a""er by "he -B5 "hru "he !!ua#&e o# a#uary 2, 2002 o$ -B5 Cr&u*ar e""er No. 200202, !"**, "he BC-A Boar) o$ -re&"or! e#a&"e) Re!o*u"o# No. 20021094 o# &"ober 1, 2002 (ra#"#( DEB "o "he BC-A per!o##e* #&*u)#( "he'!e*e!. Fu** "'e &o#!u*"a#"!, be#( #o#!a*are) per!o##e*, are a*!o #o" e#""*e) "o !u&h pre!u'p"o# !#&e "hey #e% $ro' "he ery be(###( "ha" "hey are o#*y e#""*e) "o "he a'ou#" !"pu*a"e) # "her &o#"ra&"! a! &o'pe#!a"o# $or "her !er&e!. e#&e, "hey !hou*) be 'a)e "o re$u#) "he )!a**o%e) DEB. 1> /Bo*)$a&#( # "he or(#a*
e#&e, "h! pe""o#. The C(u$t's Ruli!
The Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! o$ "he BC-A are #o" e#""*e) "o "he year e#) be#e$". Fr!", "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "he Boar) &a# (ra#" "he yeare#) be#e$" "o "! 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! be&au!e, u#)er 3e&"o# 10 o$ RA No. 7227, "he $u#&"o#! o$ "he Boar) #&*u)e "he a)op"o# o$ a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e. The Cour" ! #o" 'pre!!e). The Boar)! po%er "o a)op" a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e ! #o" u#*'"e). 3e&"o# 9 o$ RA No. 7227 !"a"e! "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! are e#""*e) "o a per diem: Me"#e$s () the B(a$% shall $ecei,e a per diem () (t "($e tha Fi,e th(usa% -es(s P/*0001 )($ e,e$+ #(a$% "eeti!2 Provided, however, That the per diem c(llecte% -e$ "(th %(es (t e&cee% the e3ui,alet () )(u$ 41 "eeti!s : Provided, further, Tha" "he a'ou#" o$ per diem $or eery boar)
'ee"#( 'ay be #&rea!e) by "he ;re!)e#" bu" !u&h a'ou#" !ha** #o" be #&rea!e) %"h# "%o /2 year! a$"er "! *a!" #&rea!e. /E'pha!! !upp*e)
3e&"o# 9 !pe&$e! "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! !ha** re&ee a per diem $or eery boar) 'ee"#( *'"! "he a'ou#" o$ per diem "o #o" 'ore "ha# ;>,000 a#) *'"! "he "o"a* a'ou#" o$ per diem $or o#e 'o#"h "o #o" 'ore "ha# $our 'ee"#(!. <# Magno v. Commission on Audit, 16 Cabili v. Civil Service Commission, 17 De Jesus v. Civil Service Commission, 18 Molen, Jr. v. Commission on Audit, 19 a#) Baba !ater District v. Commission on Audit, 20 "he Cour" he*) "ha" the s-eci)icati( () c("-esati( a% li"itati( () the a"(ut () c("-esati( i a statute i%icate that B(a$% "e"#e$s a$e etitle% (l+ t( the per diem auth($i5e% #+ la6 a% ( (the$. <# Baba !ater District, "he Cour" he*) "ha": By !pe&$y#( "he &o'pe#!a"o# %h&h a )re&"or ! e#""*e) "o re&ee a#) by *'"#( "he a'ou#" he!he ! a**o%e) "o re&ee # a 'o#"h, . . . "he *a% u"e &*ear*y #)&a"e! "ha" )re&"or! . . . are au"hore) "o re&ee o#*y "he per )e' au"hore) by *a% a#) #o o"her &o'pe#!a"o# or a**o%a#&e # %ha"eer $or'.
21 A*!o, -B5 Cr&u*ar e""er No. 20022 !"a"e! "ha", Me"#e$s () the B(a$% () Di$ect($s () a!ecies a$e (t sala$ie% ())icials () the !(,e$"et. As (sala$ie% ())icials the+ a$e (t etitle% t( ;ERA, A-C5, YEB a#) re"re'e#" be#e$"! uless e&-$essl+ -$(,i%e% #+ la6. RA No. 7227 )oe! #o" !"a"e "ha" "he Boar) 'e'ber! are e#""*e) "o a yeare#) be#e$". 3&A-<
H"h re(ar) "o "he $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"!, -B5 Cr&u*ar e""er No. 20022 !"a"e! "ha", YEB a#) re"re'e#" be#e$"!, a$e -e$s(el #ee)its !$ate% i a%%iti( t( sala$ies. As )$i!e #ee)its* these shall #e -ai% (l+ 6he the #asic sala$+ is als( -ai% . The $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are #o" par" o$ "he BC-A per!o##e* a#) are #o" pa) "he ba!& !a*ary. The $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! &o#!u*"a#&y &o#"ra&"! epre!!*y !"a"e "ha" "here ! #o e'p*oyer e'p*oyee re*a"o#!hp be"%ee# "he BC-A a#) "he &o#!u*"a#"!, a#) "ha" "he BC-A !ha** pay "he &o#!u*"a#"! a &o#"ra&" pr&e. For ea'p*e, "he &o#!u*"a#&y &o#"ra&" 22 o$ a &er"a# -r. Fa"h 5. Reye! !"a"e!: SEC. 7.C(t$act P$ice . I For a#) # &o#!)era"o# o$ "he !er&e! "o be per$or'e) by "he CN3TANT /16 hour!%ee, BC-A !ha** pay her "he a'ou#" o$ T8ENTY THOUSAND PESOS a% 009:00 P70*000.001 , ;h*pp#e &urre#&y, per 'o#"h.
SEC. 4.E"-l(+eeE"-l(+e$ Relati(shi-. I <" ! u#)er!"oo) "ha" #o e'p*oyeee'p*oyer re*a"o#!hp !ha** e!" be"%ee# BC-A a#) "he CN3TANT.
SEC. /.Pe$i(% () E))ecti,it+. I Th! CNTRACT !ha** hae a# e$$e&""y pero) o$ o#e /1 year, $ro' a#uary 01, 2002 "o -e&e'ber 41, 2002, u#*e!! !oo#er "er'#a"e) by BC-A # a&&or)a#&e %"h 3e&"o# 6 be*o%. A3aT<
SEC. ;.Te$"iati( () Se$,ices. I BC-A, # "! !o*e )!&re"o# 'ay op" "o "er'#a"e "h! CNTRACT %he# " !ee! "ha" "here ! #o 'ore #ee) $or "he !er&e! &o#"ra&"e) $or. /Bo*)$a&#( # "he o r(#a*
3#&e $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are #o" !a*are) e'p*oyee! o$ BC-A, "hey are #o" e#""*e) "o "he yeare#) be#e$" %h&h ! a -e$s(el be#e$" (ra#"e) i a%%iti( t( sala$ies a#) %h&h ! pa) (l+ 6he the #asic sala$+ is als( -ai% .
3e&o#), "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! !hou*) be (ra#"e) "he yeare#) be#e$" be&au!e "he (ra#"#( o$ yeare#) be#e$" ! &o#!!"e#" %"h 3e&"o#! > a#) 18, Ar"&*e << o$ "he Co#!""u"o#. 3e&"o#! > a#) 18 !"a"e: Section ".The 'a#"e#a#&e o$ pea&e a#) or)er, "he pro"e&"o# o$ *$e, *ber"y, a#) proper"y, a#) "he pro'o"o# o$ "he (e#era* %e*$are are e!!e#"a* $or "he e#+oy'e#" by a** peop*e o$ "he b*e!!#(! o$ )e'o&ra&y. Section #$.The 3"a"e a$$r'! *abor a! a pr'ary !o&a* e&o#o'& $or&e. <" !ha** pro"e&" "he r(h"! o$ %orer! a#) pro'o"e "her %e*$are.
The Cour" ! #o" 'pre!!e). Ar"&*e << o$ "he Co#!""u"o# ! e#""*e) -e&*ara"o# o$ ;r#&p*e! a#) 3"a"e ;o*&e!. By "! ery ""*e, Ar"&*e << ! a !"a"e'e#" o$ (e#era* )eo*o(&a* pr#&p*e! a#) po*&e!. <" ! #o" a !our&e o$ e#$or&eab*e r(h"!. 24 <# %ondo Medical Center &mploees Association v. Court of Appeals, 2= "he Cour" he*) "ha" Secti(s / a% :<* A$ticle II () the C(stituti( a$e (t sel)e&ecuti! -$(,isi(s. <# "ha" &a!e, "he Cour" he*) "ha" 3o'e o$ "he &o#!""u"o#a* pro!o#! #oe) # "he pre!e#" &a!e %ere "ae# $ro' Ar"&*e << o$ "he Co#!""u"o# I !pe&$&a**y, 3e&"o#! > . . . a#) 18 I "he pro!o#! o$ %h&h "he Cour" &a"e(or&a**y ru*e) "o be #o# !e*$ee&u"#(. AET&3a
Thr), "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "he )e#a* o$ yeare#) be#e$" "o "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! o*a"e! 3e&"o# 1, Ar"&*e <<< o$ "he Co#!""u"o#. 2> 5ore !pe&$&a**y, "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "here ! #o !ub!"a#"a* )!"#&"o# be"%ee# re(u*ar o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee! o# o#e ha#), a#) Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! o# "he o"her. The BC-A !"a"e! "ha" "here ! here o#*y a )!"#&"o#, bu" #o )$$ere#&e be&au!e bo"h hae u#)e#ab*y o#e &o''o# (oa* a! hu'a#!, "ha" ! . . . "o eep bo)y a#) !ou* "o(e"her or, [)]$$ere#"*y pu", bo"h hae 'ou"h! "o $ee) a#) !"o'a&h! "o $**. The Cour" ! #o" 'pre!!e). E,e$+ -$esu"-ti( sh(ul% #e i%ul!e% i )a,($ () the c(stituti(alit+ () RA N(. =77= a% the #u$%e () -$(() is ( the BCDA t( sh(6
that the$e is a clea$ a% ue3ui,(cal #$each () the C(stituti(. 26 <# Aba'ada (uro Part )ist v. Purisima, 27 "he Cour" he*) "ha": A *a% e#a&"e) by Co#(re!! e#+oy! "he !"ro#( pre!u'p"o# o$ &o#!""u"o#a*"y. To +u!"$y "! #u**$&a"o#, "here 'u!" be a &*ear a#) u#euo&a* brea&h o$ "he Co#!""u"o#, #o" a )oub"$u* a#) u#euo&a* o#e. To #a*)a"e [a *a%] ba!e) o# . . . ba!e*e!! !uppo!"o# ! a# a$$ro#" "o "he %!)o' #o" o#*y o$ "he *e(!*a"ure "ha" pa!!e) " bu" a*!o o$ "he ee&u"e %h&h approe) ". AC<-3&
The BC-A $a*e) "o !ho% "ha" RA No. 7227 u#rea!o#ab*y !#(*e) ou" Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! # "he (ra#" o$ "he yeare#) be#e$". <" )) #o" !ho% a#y &*ear a#) u#euo&a* brea&h o$ "he Co#!""u"o#. The &*a' "ha" "here ! #o )$$ere#&e be"%ee# re(u*ar o$$&a*! a#) e'p*oyee!, a#) Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! be&au!e bo"h (roup! hae 'ou"h! "o $ee) a#) !"o'a&h! "o $** ! $a"uou!. 3ure*y, per!o#! are #o" au"o'a"&a**y !'*ar*y !"ua"e) I "hu!, au"o'a"&a**y )e!er#( o$ eua* pro"e&"o# o$ "he *a%! I +u!" be&au!e "hey bo"h hae 'ou"h! "o $ee) a#) !"o'a&h! "o $**. "her%!e, "he e!"e#&e o$ a !ub!"a#"a* )!"#&"o# %ou*) be&o'e $oreer h(h*y 'probab*e. Four"h, "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "he Boar) &a# (ra#" "he yeare#) be#e$" "o "! 'e'ber! a#) "he $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! be&au!e RA No. 7227 )oe! #o" epre!!*y prohb" " $ro' )o#( !o. The Cour" ! #o" 'pre!!e). A &are$u* rea)#( o$ 3e&"o# 9 o$ RA No. 7227 reea*! "ha" "he Boar) ! prohb"e) $ro' (ra#"#( "! 'e'ber! o"her be#e$"!. 3e&"o# 9 !"a"e!: Me"#e$s () the B(a$% shall $ecei,e a per diem () (t "($e tha Fi,e th(usa% -es(s P/*0001 )($ e,e$+ #(a$% "eeti!2 Provided, however, That the per diem c(llecte% -e$ "(th %(es (t e&cee% the e3ui,alet () )(u$ 41 "eeti!s : Provided, further, Tha" "he a'ou#" o$ per diem $or eery boar) 'ee"#( 'ay be #&rea!e) by "he ;re!)e#" bu" !u&h a'ou#" !ha** #o" be #&rea!e) %"h# "%o /2 year! a$"er "! *a!" #&rea!e. /E'pha!! !upp*e)
3e&"o# 9 !pe&$e! "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! !ha** re&ee a per diem $or eery boar) 'ee"#( *'"! "he a'ou#" o$ per diem "o #o" 'ore "ha# ;>,000 *'"! "he "o"a* a'ou#" o$ per diem $or o#e 'o#"h "o #o" 'ore "ha# $our 'ee"#(! a#) )oe! #o" !"a"e "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! 'ay re&ee o"her be#e$"!. <# Magno, 28 Cabili, 29 De Jesus, 40 Molen, Jr., 41 a#) Baba !ater District, 42 "he Cour" he*) "ha" the s-eci)icati( () c("-esati( a% li"itati( () the a"(ut () c("-esati( i a statute i%icate that B(a$% "e"#e$s a$e etitle% (l+ t( the -e$ %ie" auth($i5e% #+ la6 a% ( (the$. The !pe&$&a"o# "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! !ha** re&ee a per diem o$ #o" 'ore "ha# ;>,000 $or eery 'ee"#( a#) "he o'!!o# o$ a pro!o# a**o%#( Boar) 'e'ber! "o re&ee o"her be#e$"! *ea) "he Cour" "o "he #$ere#&e "ha" Co#(re!! #"e#)e) "o *'" "he &o'pe#!a"o# o$ Boar) 'e'ber! "o "he per diem au"hore) by *a% a#) #o o"her.
&*pressio unius est e*clusio alterius. a) Co#(re!! #"e#)e) "o a**o% "he Boar) 'e'ber! "o re&ee o"her be#e$"!, " %ou*) hae epre!!*y !"a"e) !o. 44 For ea'p*e, Co#(re!! #"e#"o# "o a**o% Boar) 'e'ber! "o re&ee o"her be#e$"! be!)e! "he per diem au"hore) by *a% ! epre!!*y !"a"e) # 3e&"o# 1 o$ RA No. 9286: 4= 3EC. 1.3e&"o# 14 o$ ;re!)e#"a* -e&ree No. 198, a! a'e#)e), ! hereby a'e#)e) "o rea) a! $o**o%!: 3EC. 14.Compensation. I Ea&h )re&"or !ha** re&ee per diem "o be )e"er'#e) by "he Boar), $or ea&h 'ee"#( o$ "he Boar) a&"ua**y a""e#)e) by h', bu" #o )re&"or !ha** re&ee per diems # a#y (e# 'o#"h # e&e!! o$ "he eua*e#" o$ "he "o"a* per )e' o$ $our 'ee"#(! # a#y (e# 'o#"h. A#y per diem # e&e!! o$ #e hu#)re) $$"y pe!o! /;1>0.00 !ha** be !ub+e&" "o "he approa* o$ "he A)'#!"ra"o#. I a%%iti( the$et(* each %i$ect($ shall $ecei,e all(6aces a% #ee)its as the B(a$% "a+ -$esc$i#e su#>ect t( the a--$(,al () the A%"iist$ati(. /E'pha!! !upp*e)
The Cour" &a##o", # "he (u!e o$ #"erpre"a"o#, e#*ar(e "he !&ope o$ a !"a"u"e or #!er" #"o a !"a"u"e %ha" Co#(re!! o'""e), %he"her #"e#"o#a**y or u##"e#"o#a**y. 4> Hhe# a !"a"u"e ! !u!&ep"b*e o$ "%o #"erpre"a"o#!, "he Cour" 'u!" a)op" "he o#e # &o#!o#a#&e %"h "he pre!u'e) #"e#"o# o$ "he *e(!*a"ure "o (e "! e#a&"'e#"! "he 'o!" rea!o#ab*e a#) be#e$&a* &o#!"ru&"o#, "he o#e "ha" %** re#)er "he' opera"e a#) e$$e&"e. 46 The Cour" a*%ay! pre!u'e! "ha" Co#(re!! #"e#)e) "o e#a&" !e#!b*e !"a"u"e!. 47 <$ "he Cour" %ere "o ru*e "ha" "he Boar) &ou*) (ra#" "he yeare#) be#e$" "o "! 'e'ber!, 3e&"o# 9 o$ RA No. 7227 %ou*) be&o'e #opera"e a#) #e$$e&"e I "he !pe&$&a"o# "ha" Boar) 'e'ber! !ha** re&ee a per diem o$ #o" 'ore "ha# ;>,000 $or eery 'ee"#( "he !pe&$&a"o# "ha" "he per diem re&ee) per 'o#"h !ha** #o" e&ee) "he eua*e#" o$ $our 'ee"#(! "he e!"#( o$ "he po%er "o #&rea!e "he a'ou#" o$ per diem # "he ;re!)e#" a#) "he *'"a"o# "ha" "he a'ou#" o$ per diem !ha** #o" be #&rea!e) %"h# "%o year! $ro' "! *a!" #&rea!e %ou*) a** be&o'e u!e*e!! be&au!e "he Boar) &ou*) a*%ay! (ra#" "! 'e'ber! o"her be#e$"!. H"h re(ar) "o "he $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"!, -B5 Cr&u*ar e""er No. 20022 !"a"e! "ha", YEB a#) re"re'e#" be#e$"!, a$e -e$s(el #ee)its !$ate% i a%%iti( t( sala$ies. As )$i!e #ee)its* these shall #e -ai% (l+ 6he the #asic sala$+ is als( -ai% . The $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are #o" par" o$ "he BC-A per!o##e* a#) are #o" pa) "he ba!& !a*ary. The $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! &o#!u*"a#&y &o#"ra&"! epre!!*y !"a"e "ha" "here ! #o e'p*oyer e'p*oyee re*a"o#!hp be"%ee# BC-A a#) "he &o#!u*"a#"! a#) "ha" BC-A !ha** pay "he &o#!u*"a#"! a &o#"ra&" pr&e. 3#&e $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are #o" !a*are) e'p*oyee! o$ "he BC-A, "hey are #o" e#""*e) "o "he yeare#) be#e$" %h&h ! a -e$s(el be#e$" (ra#"e) i a%%iti( t( sala$ies a#) %h&h ! pa) (l+ 6he the #asic sala$+ is als( -ai% .
F$"h, "he BC-A &*a'! "ha" "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are e#""*e) "o "he yeare#) be#e$" be&au!e /1 ;re!)e#" Ra'o! approe) "he (ra#"#( o$ "he be#e$" "o "he Boar) 'e'ber!, a#) /2 "hey hae bee# re&e#( " !#&e 1997. The Cour" ! #o" 'pre!!e). The 3"a"e ! #o" e!"oppe) $ro' &orre&"#( a pub*& o$$&er! erro#eou! app*&a"o# o$ a !"a"u"e, a#) a# u#*a%$u* pra&"&e, #o 'a""er ho% *o#(, &a##o" (e r!e "o a#y e!"e) r(h". 48 The Cour", ho%eer, #o"e! "ha" "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! re&ee) "he yeare#) be#e$" # (oo) $a"h. The Boar) 'e'ber! re*e) o# /1 3e&"o# 10 o$ RA No. 7227 %h&h au"hore) "he Boar) "o a)op" a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e /2 "he $a&" "ha" RA No. 7227 )oe! #o" epre!!*y prohb" Boar) 'e'ber! $ro' re&e#( be#e$"! o"her "ha# "he per diem au"hore) by *a% a#) /4 ;re!)e#" Ra'o! approa* o$ "he #e% &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e %h&h #&*u)e) "he (ra#"#( o$ a yeare#) be#e$" "o ea&h &o#"ra&"ua* e'p*oyee, re(u*ar per'a#e#" e'p*oyee, a#) Boar) 'e'ber. The $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! re*e) o# 3e&"o# 10 o$ RA No. 7227 %h&h au"hore) "he Boar) "o a)op" a &o'pe#!a"o# a#) be#e$" !&he'e. There ! #o proo$ "ha" "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! #e% "ha" "her re&ep" o$ "he yeare#) be#e$" %a! u#*a%$u*. <# eep#( %"h Magno, 49 De Jesus, =0 Molen, Jr., =1 a#) +apisanan ng mga Manggagaa sa (overnment Service -nsurance Sstem +M(/ v. Commission on Audit, =2 "he Boar) 'e'ber! a#) $u**"'e &o#!u*"a#"! are #o" reure) "o re$u#) "he yeare#) be#e$"! "hey hae a*rea)y re&ee). HEREFRE, "he pe""o# ! ;ART
3 R-ERE-. 0uisumbing, Austria1Martinez, Corona, Carpio1Morales, Chico12azario, 3elasco, Jr., 2achura, )eonardo1de Castro, Brion a#) Peralta, JJ., &o#&ur. Puno, C.J., "oo #o par" )ue "o re*a"o#!hp. 4nares1Santiago, J., ! o# o$$&a* *eae per 3pe&a* r)er No. >64. %inga, J., ! o# o$$&a* *eae per 3pe&a* r)er No. >71. Foo"#o"e! 1.#)er Ru*e 6> o$ "he Ru*e! o$ Cour".
2. 5ollo, pp. 47==. 4."her%!e #o%# a! "he Ba!e! Co#er!o# a#) -ee*op'e#" A&" o$ 1992. =. 5ollo, pp. =>>1. >. -d. a" >2.
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6. -d. a" 67. 7. -d. a" 74. 8. -d. a" 7881. 9. -d. a" 8991. 10. -d. a" 9294. 11. -d. a" 9=98. 12. -d. a" 99. 14. -d. a" 100110. 1=. -d. a" 47==. 1>. -d. a" =2=4.
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16.G.R. No. 1=99=1, 28 Au(u!" 2007, >41 3 CRA 449, 4=9. 17.G.R. No. 1>6>04, 22 u#e 2006, =92 3CRA 2>2, 260. 18.G.R. No. 1>6>>9, 40 3ep"e'ber 200>, =71 3CRA 62=, 627. 19.G.R. No. 1>0222, 18 5ar&h 200>, =>4 3CRA 769, 778. 20.=2> ;h*. 426 /2002. 21. -d. a" 447. 22. 5ollo, pp. 1>81>9. 24. Pamatong v. Commission on &lections, G.R. No. 161872, 14 Apr* 200=, =27 3CRA 96, 100101 %a6ada v. Angara, 448 ;h*. >=6, >80>84 /1997. 2=.G.R. No. 16742=, 17 u*y 2007, >27 3CRA 7=6, 76=76>.
2>.3e&"o# 1, Ar"&*e <<< o$ "he Co#!""u"o# !"a"e! "ha", No per!o# !ha** be . . . )e# e) "he eua* pro"e&"o# o$ "he *a%!. 26. British American %obacco v. Camacho, G.R. No. 164>84, 20 Au(u!" 2008 Central Ban' &mploees Association, -nc. v. Bang'o Sentral ng Pilipinas, =87 ;h*. >41, >62 /200=. 27.G.R. No. 16671>, 1= Au(u!" 2008. 28.Supra #o"e 16. 29.Supra #o"e 17. 40.Supra #o"e 18.
T&E-a
41.Supra #o"e 19. 42.Supra #o"e 20. 44. 5omualdez v. Marcelo, G.R. No!. 16>>1044, 28 u*y 2006, =97 3CRA 89, 107109 5epublic of the Philippines v. 7onorable &stenzo, 188 ;h*. 61, 6>66 /1980. 4=.A# A&" Fur"her A'e#)#( ;re!)e#"a* -e&ree No. 198, "her%!e J#o%# A! The ;ro#&a* Ha"er "*"e! A&" o$ 1974, a! a'e#)e). 4>.Canet v. Maor Decena, =6> ;h*. 42>, 442444 /200=. 46.Sesbre6o v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, 447 ;h*. 89, 10410= /1997. 47. -n re (uari6a, 2= ;h*. 47, =7 /1918. 48.3eterans 8ederation of the Philippines v. 5ees, G.R. No. 1>>027, 28 February 2006, =84 3CRA >26, >>6 +apisanan ng mga Manggagaa sa (overnment Service -nsurance Sstem +M(/ v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 1>0769, 41 Au(u!" 200=, =47 3CRA 471, 490491. 49.Supra #o"e 16. =0.Supra #o"e 18.
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=1.Supra #o"e 19. =2.G.R. No. 1>0769, 41 Au(u!" 200=, =47 3 CRA 471, 491.
