ONMBF Q]NJIQ]HJ MHGIOHJI Q]I]RQ OIQXISIJI] ]BSJIH] [IJI] (Qtumh Jisus; Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh)
QJSHUQH
ugtuj obobgulh sbcidhig pbrsyiritig obopbrnfbl dbfir Qirkigi Qihgs
IRFHXI @H]LSX GHO. 9159=95
USNDSIO Q]RMH OI]BOI]HJI KRSRQIG OI]BOI]HJI @IJRF]IQ OI]BOI]HJI MIG HFOR UBGDB]ILRIG IFIO RGHPBSQH]IQ GBDBSH UIMIGD 3594
ICQ]SIJ Iufhyi @htlry; Onmbf Qtnjisthj Q tnjisthj Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit (Qtumh Jisus; Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh)
Jbohsjhgig obrupijig oisifil yigd tbgdil mhlimiph nfbl cigyij gbdiri mh mughi siit hgh tbroisuj Hgmngbshi. Jbohsjhgig obrupijig oisifil yigd lirus mhsbfbsihjig nfbl pbocuit jbchkijig mig pbohophg Gbdiri Hgmngbshi yigd oiynrhtis cbridioi Hsfio. Mifio ikirig idioi Hsfio, sifil situ lif yigd mipit obgditish jbohsjhgig imifil zijit. [ijit imifil sbcidhig mirh lirti jbjiyiig sbsbnrigd yigd tbfil obobgulh syirit ugtuj mhcbrhjig jbpimi nrigd fihg yigd cbrlij. Rgtuj htu, mhpbrfujig suitu onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit ugtuj obfhlit mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit pimi -tilug obgmitigd. Onmbf stnjisthj yigd mhdugijig cbrupi rigtih Oirjnv yigd mhsikhjig mifio cbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh. Uimi pbgbfhthig hgh zijit yigd mhtbfhth imifil zijit oiif (zijit (zijit lirti) mig pbgbrhoi zijit yigd mhtbfhth imifil dnfngdig ohsjhg. Kbghs pbgbfhthig hgh imifil pbgbfhthig tbripig. Unpufish pimi pbgbfhthig hgh imifil sbfurul jbpifi jbfuirdi yigd thgddif mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh yigd cbridioi Hsfio sbcigyij 9849 jbpifi jbfuirdi. Qiopbf mifio pbgbfhthig hgh sbcigyij 80 jbpifi jbfuirdi yigd mhphfhl obgddugijig tbjghj iaahmbgtif siopfhgd. siopfhgd. Obtnmb pbgbfhthig mhoufih mbgdig wiwigairi dugi obgmipitjig miti mirh rbspngmbg tbgtigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tilug 3592 mig 3590. Qbfigkutgyi, mhairh pbfuigd mhgiohji tbrsbcut, mhcbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 9 figdjil, oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 3 lhgddi 2 figdjil, sbrti mhfhlit sh`it mirh oishgd-oishgd jbimiig yigd tbrkimh. Cbrmisirjig igifhshs miti, mhpbrnfbl onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh mhsikhjig mifio cbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 9 figdjil yihtu ; 5,412 5,9=4 5,99< U ? 5,303 5,004 5,549 5,325 5,955 5,025 mbgdig urutig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit; (9) wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, (3) wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, (1) pbgbrhoi zijit, mhpbrnfbl cilwi oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit cbrsh`it rbaaurbgt . Lif hgh cbrirth oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit obopugyih jbougdjhgig ugtuj jbocifh jb stitus sboufi mh wijtu yigd ijig mitigd.
Jiti Jugah; Jbohsjhgig, zijit, onmbf stnjisthj, oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh, rigtih Oirjnv, rbaaurbgt .
h
JI]I UBGDIG]IS
Uukh mig syujur pbgufhs uaipjig itis jblimhrit Iffil QT] yigd tbfil obfhopiljig riloit mig jirughi-Gyi sblhgddi pbgufhs mipit obgybfbsihjig sjrhpsh yigd cbrkumuf ‖ Onmbf Qtnjisthj Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit tbrjiht [ijit (Qtumh jisus; Jbfurilig Uulug Uulu g Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh)‟ .
Ubgufhsig sjrhpsh hgh cbrtukuig ugtuj obobgulh sifil situ syirit mifio obopbrnfbl dbfir Qirkigi Qihgs pimi Kurusig Oitboithji @ijuftis Oitboithji mig Hfou Ubgdbtiluig Ifio Rghvbrshtis Gbdbrh Uimigd (@OHUI RGU). Qbfihg htu, pbgufhsig sjrhpsh obrupijig tiocilig wiwisig cidh oilishswi mifio obfijujig pbgbfhthig mig obocuit fipnrig pbgbfhthig. Qjrhpsh hgh mipit mhsbfbsihjig mbgdig cihj itis cigtuig mig jbrki sioi mirh cbrcidih phlij. Nfbl jirbgi htu, pbgbfhth obgduaipjig obgduaipjig tbrhoi jishl jbpimi; 9.
Cipij Ouliooim Quclig, O.Qh, pbochochgd H mig Jbtui Kurusig Oitboithji @OHUI RGU,
3.
Cipij Mr. Mngy Ubroigi, O.Qh, pbochochgd HH,
1.
Cipij Mrs. Lbgmri Qyirh`ummhg, O.Qh, Ul.M, pbgisblit ijimbohj mig pbgdukh,
=.
Cipij Mrs. Xusobt Shzif, O.Qh, pbgdukh,
2.
Cipij Mb`rh Iloim, Q.Um, O.Qh, pbgdukh,
0.
Cipij Olm. Olm. Shmln Gur F.A, O.Id, O.Id, vifhmitnr,
4.
Cipij Urn`. Mr. Xisgur Isrh, O.Um, vifhmitnr,
<.
Cipij Urn`. Mr. L. Iohr Qyirh`ummhg, girisuocbr tbgtigd zijit, hh
8.
Cipij Tisrhf, girisuocbr tbgtigd zijit,
95. Cipij mig Hcu pbdiwih Jigtnr Furil Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh, 99. Cipij mig Hcu pbdiwih Jigtnr Jbpbgmumujig mig Ubgaititig Qhphf Jnti Cujhtthgddh, 93. Cipij mig Hcu sti` mirh Jigtnr CI[GIQ Jnti Cujhtthgddh, 91. Cipij mig Hcu sti` mirh UJUR Jnti Cujhtthgddh, 9=. Hcu Mbwh Ourgh, O.Qh, Qbjrbtirhs Kurusig Oitboithji @OHUI RGU, 92. Hcu Obmhi Snsli, O.Qh, Jbtui Urndrio Qtumh Oitboithji Kurusig Oitboithji @OHUI RGU, 90. Cipij mig Hcu sti` pbgdikir Kurusig Oitboithji @OHUI RGU, 94. Sbjig-rbjig Oilishswi Kurusig Oitboithji @OHUI RGU jlususgyi igdjitig 3591, 9<. Qboui phlij yigd tbfil obocigtu mifio pbgybfbsihig sjrhpsh hgh yigd thmij ougdjhg mhsbcutjig situ pbrsitu. Qbondi chochgdig, irilig, mig cigtuig Cipij mig Hcu sbrti rbjig-rbjig cbrhjig obgkimh ioif jbcihjig mig obopbrnfbl cifisig mirh Iffil QT]. Ubgufhs obgyimirh cilwi mifio pbgufhsig sjrhpsh hgh oishl kiul mirh jbsbopurgiig. Nfbl jirbgi htu, jrhthj mig sirig yigd obocigdug mirh sboui phlij sigdit mhliripjig idir sjrhpsh hgh mipit obgmbjith jbsbopurgiig. Qbondi sjrhpsh hgh cbroig`iit mifio upiyi obghgdjitjig juifhtis pbgmhmhjig. Iohg. Uimigd, Idustus 3594
Ubgufhs
hhh
MI@]IS HQH
Lifioig ICQ]SIJ ..................................................................................................... .................................................................. ......................................... .................. JI]I UBGDIG]IS ........................................... MI@]IS HQH ................................................................................................. ............................................................... ............................................ .......................... .... MI@]IS ]ICBF ......................................... MI@]IS DIOCIS ............................................ ................................................................... ......................................... .................. MI@]IS FIOUHSIG ............................................ .................................................................. ..................................... ............... CIC H. UBGMILRFRIG I. Fitir Cbfijigd Oisifil ........................................... ................................................................. ......................
h hh hv vh vhh vhhh
C. Suousig Oisifil ............................................ .................................................................. ............................. .......
4
A. Citisig Oisifil ........................................... ................................................................. ................................. ...........
4
M. Ubrtigyiig Ubgbfhthig .......................................... ................................................................. .......................... ...
4
B. ]ukuig Ubgbfhthig ........................................... ................................................................. ................................. ...........
<
@. Oig`iit Ubgbfhthig ............................................ .................................................................. ............................. .......
<
9
CIC HH. ]HGKIRIG JBURQ]IJIIG
I. Ubgdbrthig Jbohsjhgig ............................................ .................................................................. ......................
8
C. Ubgybcic Jbohsjhgig .......................................... ................................................................. .......................... ...
8
A. Jrhtbrhi mig Cbgtuj Jbohsjhgig ............................................. .................................................... .......
99
M. Airi Obgigddufigdh Jbohsjhgig .......................................... ................................................. .......
93
B. Ubgdbrthig [ijit ........................................... ................................................................. ................................. ...........
93
@. ]ukuig [ijit ............................................ .................................................................. ..................................... ...............
9=
D. Qyirit-syirit Nrigd yigd ]hmij Tikhc [ijit ............................... ...............................
92
L. Lirti yigd Tikhc Mhzijith ........................................... ............................................................. ..................
90
H. Qyirit-syirit Lirti ]brjbgi [ijit ............................................ ................................................ ....
33
K. Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit ............................................ ................................................... .......
33
J. Nrigd yigd Cbrlij Obgbrhoi [ijit ............................................ ............................................
3=
F. Lujuoig Cidh yigd ]hmij Obociyir [ijit ........................... ............................... ....
34
O. [ijit mig Jbohsjhgig ......................................... ............................................................... .......................... ....
3<
G. Urnsbs Qtnjisthj ............................................ .................................................................. ................................. ...........
19
hv
N. Sigtih Oirjnv .......................................... ................................................................ ..................................... ...............
13
U. Oitrhjs Ubfuigd ]rigshsh mirh Sigtih Oirjnv ..............................
11
Y. Jfish`hjish mirh Suigd Jbimiig ............................................. .................................................... .......
12
S. Qh`it-Qh`it Jbimiig .......................................... ................................................................ ............................. .......
10
CIC HHH. OB]NMNFNDH UBGBFH]HIG
I. Kbghs pbgbfhthig ........................................... ................................................................. ..................................... ...............
1<
C. Kbghs mig suocbr miti ............................................ .................................................................. .......................... ....
1<
A. Unpufish mig Qiopbf........................................... ................................................................. ............................. .......
18
M. Pirhicbf Ubgbfhthig ............................................ .................................................................. ............................. .......
=5
B. ]bjghj Ubgduopufig Miti ........................................... ............................................................. ..................
=5
@. Hgstruobg Ubgbfhthig .......................................... ................................................................ ............................. .......
=5
D. Igifhshs Miti ......................................... ............................................................... ......................................... ...................
=4
CIC HP. LIQHF MIG UBOCILIQIG
I. Lishf Ubgbfhthig ........................................... ................................................................. ..................................... ...............
29
C. Ubocilisig ............................................ ................................................................... ......................................... ..................
24
CIC HP. UBGR]RU
I. Jbshopufig ............................................ ................................................................... ......................................... ..................
05
C. Qirig ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............................. .......
05
MI@]IS URQ]IJI ....................................................................................
03
FIOUHSIG ...................................................................................................
0=
v
MI@]IS ]ICBF Lifioig
9. Fiynut Ubmnoig Tiwigairi ........................................... ................................................................. .......................... ....
=3
3. @nroit Ubmnoig Tiwigairi ........................................... ................................................................. .......................... ....
=0
1. @nroit Kuofil Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........
=<
=. @nroit Ubfuigd Mhgioji Qtitus Oisgyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........
=8
2. Kuofil Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg .........
29
0. Ubfuigd Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg........
21
vh
MI@]IS DIOCIS Lifioig
9. Qh`it mirh jbimiig wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit cbrsh`it rbaurrrbgt ...................... rbaurrrbgt ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........
20
3. Qh`it mirh jbimiig wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit cbrsh`it rbaurrrbgt ...................... rbaurrrbgt ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........
24
1. Qh`it mirh jbimiig pbgbrhoi zijit cbrsh`it rbaurrrbgt ..................... rbaurrrbgt ................................ ...........
24
vhh
MI@]IS FIOUHSIG Lifioig
9. Qurit Hzhg Ubgbfhthig .......................................... ................................................................. ......................................... ..................
0=
3. Fbocir Pifhmish ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .......................... ....
02
1. Kuofil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit, mig pbgbrhoi zijit tilug tilug 3592 mig 3590 3590........... ............... ....
49
=. ]rigsjrhp Tiwigairi ............................................ .................................................................. ..................................... ...............
4=
2. Qurit Jbtbrigdig ]bfil Qbfbsih Obfijsigijig Ubgbfhthig ......................... .........................
44
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hx
CIC H UBGMILRFRIG I. Fitir Cbfijigd Oisifil
Qbthip oigushi obgmiocijig lhmup cbrjbaujupig mifio lif pigdig, pijihig, mig tbopit thgddif. Lif hgh obrupijig jbpbrfuig pnjnj ohghouo oigushi yigd lirus mhpbgulh. Gioug, sbcidhig nrigd cbfuo mipit obgaipih jbhgdhgiggyi tbrsbcut. Ubgybcicgyi imifil jurigd obgmipit fipigdig pbjbrkiig sblhgddi obgkimh pbgdigddurig, thmij imigyi jbtbriophfig yigd mhohfhjh,
sbrti
jurigdgyi
ijsbs
onmif
yigd
obgybcicjig
jurigd
cbrjbocigdgyi usili yigd mhkifigjig mig rbgmilgyi thgdjit prnmujsh cihj cirigd oiupug kisi. Ijhcitgyi tbrkimh oisifil snshif sbpbrth; jbohsjhgig, jrhohgifhtis, mig Quocbr Miyi Oigushi (QMO) cigdsi yigd jurigd cbroutu. Jbohsjhgig obrupijig oisifil yigd tbgdil mhlimiph nfbl cigyij gbdiri mh mughi siit hgh. Qifil situ gbdiri yigd mhlimiph mbgdig oisifil jbohsjhgig imifil Hgmngbshi. Nfbl jirbgi htu, pbgdurigdig jbohsjhgig obrupijig oisifil yigd lirus mhsbfbsihjig nfbl pbocuit jbchkijig mig pbohophg Gbdiri Hgmngbshi. Obgurut miti mirh Cimig Uusit Qtithsthj yigd mhijsbs obfifuh shtus www.cps.dn.hm shtus www.cps.dn.hm pimi 3< Iprhf 3594 mhmipitjig kuofil pbgmumuj ousfho mh Hgmngbshi pimi sbgsus pbgmumuj tilug 3595 imifil 354.940.903 khwi, mhtiocil mbgdig miti yigd mhjbfuirjig cigj mughi obgyitijig fiku pbrtuoculig pbgmumuj Hgmngbshi imifil 9,3% pbr tilug yigd
cbrirth
kuofil
pbgmumuj
Hgmngbshi
tilug
3594
mhpbrjhrijig
320.051.984 khwi. Qbmigdjig kuofil pbgmumuj ohsjhg mh Hgmngbshi obgaipih
9
3
34.445.555 khwi pimi cufig Oirbt 3594, mhoigi pbgmumuj ohsjhg imifil sbsbnrigd yigd obohfhjh riti-riti pbgdbfuirig pbr jiphti pbr cufig mh ciwil dirhs jbohsjhgig. Uimi Oirbt 3594, igdji dirhs jbohsjhgig mhtbtipjig sbcbsir Sp.1<2.039 pbr jiphti pbr cufig, yigd cbrirth sbsbnrigd mhjitijig ohsjhg chfi pbgdbfuirig pbr cufig mh ciwil Sp.1<2.039. Qbobgtiri obgurut miti mirh Cimig Uusit Qtithsthj Jnti Cujhtthgddh yigd mhijsbs obfifuh shtus www.cujhtthgddhjnti.cps.dn.hm pimi 35 Obh 3594, kuofil pbgmumuj ohsjhg mh Jnti Cujhtthgddh pimi tilug 359= imifil 285.555 khwi mbgdig pbrsbgtisb 2,= % mirh tntif kuofil pbgmumuj. Mipit mhjitijig imi sbjhtir 3=.2<= khwi pbgmumuj ohsjhg mh sbthip jbfurilig, jirbgi Jnti Cujhtthgddh obohfhjh 9< jbfurilig, sifil situgyi Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh. Qbfihg htu, cbrmisirjig miti yigd mhpbrnfbl mirh phlij Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhttthgddh pimi 93 Kugh 3594, kuofil oisyirijit ohsjhg yigd tbrmi`tir mhcigtu sbthip tiluggyi nfbl pbobrhgtil sbcigyij 349 jbpifi jbfuirdi (¹2=3 khwi) mig yigd mhcigtu nfbl phlij Cimig Iohf [ijit Gishngif (CI[GIQ) Jnti Cujhtthgddh imifil 12 khwi, sbmigdjig kuofil pbgmumuj cbridioi Hsfio mh Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug imifil 492< khwi. Lif hgh mipit obopbrfhlitjig cilwi mh jbfurilig tbsbcut oishl sbmhjht upiyi yigd tbfil mhfijujig ugtuj obgigddufigdh oisifil jbohsjhgig. Obgdhgdit cigyijgyi kuofil pbgmumuj ousfho mig cigyijgyi pbgmumuj ohsjhg mh Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh, oiji pbrfu mhairhjig snfush obgditish jbohsjhgig sbsuih ikirig idioi Hsfio. Mhigtiri ikirig idioi Hsfio sifil situ lif yigd mipit obgditish
1
jbohsjhgig imifil zijit. [ijit obrupijig sifil situ cidhig mirh rujug Hsfio. Obgurut Thjhpbmhi, mhijsbs tigddif 38 Iprhf 3594 obgyitijig rujug Hsfio imifil fhoi thgmijig misir mifio idioi Hsfio yigd mhigddip sbcidih pngmish wikhc cidh nrigd-nrigd cbrhoig mig obrupijig misir mirh jblhmupig Ousfho. Qblhgddi, jbsimirig obociyir zijit lbgmijgyi mhtigiojig jbpimi sbthip prhcimh ousfho, jirbgi obociyir zijit imifil suitu jbwikhcig. Mhigtiri ikirig idioi Hsfio sifil situ lif yigd mipit obgditish prncfboi snshif mifio oisyirijit imifil zijit. @hroig Iffil yigd cbrlucugdig mbgdig pbrhgtil zijit tbrmipit mifio surit if-Ciqiril/3; =1 yigd yigd cbrcugyh cbrcugyh ;
irthgyi; ‖mig mhrhjigfil slifit, tugihjigfil zijit mig rujujfil cbsbrti nrigd-nrigd yigd rujuj.‟ rujuj.‟ Qbfihg htu kudi tbrmipit mifio surit if-Ciqiril/3; 995 yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖mig mhrhjigfil slifit mig tugihjigfil zijit. mig jbcihjig ipi siki yigd jiou usilijig cidh mhrhou, tbgtu jiou ijig obgmipit pilifi gyi pimi shsh Iffil. Qbsugddulgyi Ifil Oili obfhlit ipi-ipi yigd jiou jbrkijig.‟ jbrkijig. ‟ ]brmipit kudi mifio surit if-Oukiimhfil/2<; 91 91 yigd yigd cbrcugyh; cbrcugyh;
=
irthgyi; ‖oiji mhrhjigfil slifit mig tugihjigfil zijit, mig tiitfil jbpimi Iffil mig Sisuf-Gyi mig Iffil Oili Obgdbtiluh ipi yigd jiou jbrkijig.‟ jbrkijig. ‟ [ijit imifil sbcidhig mirh lirti jbjiyiig sbsbnrigd yigd tbfil obobgulh syirit ugtuj mhcbrhjig jbpimi nrigd fihg yigd cbrlij. [ijit obohfhjh cbcbripi kbghs yihtu zijit `htril (zijit cimig) mig zijit oiif (zijit lirti). [ijit `htril imifil zijit yigd wikhc mhjbfuirjig situ jifh mifio sbtilug nfbl sbthip ousfho oujiffi` (nrigd yigd yigd mhcbcigh mhcbcigh jbwikhcig nfbl Iffil) ugtuj mhrhgyi sbgmhrh mig ugtuj sbthip khwi itiu nrigd yigd obgkimh tigddugdiggyi pimi cufig Sioimlig, mhoigi ujurig zijit `htril yigd lirus mhjbfuirjig nfbl sbthip ousfho imifil sbcigyij situ Qli' mirh oijigig pnjnj, itiu sioi mbgdig ¹ 3,2 jd itiu 1,2 fhtbr oijigig pnjnj. [ijit oiif imifil zijit yigd mhjbgijig itis lirti yigd mhohfhjh nfbl hgmhvhmu mbgdig syirit-syirit yigd tbfil mhtbtipjig sbairi syirij. [ijit oiif hgh tbrmhrh mirh cbcbripi oiaio yihtu zijit bois/pbrij/uigd, zijit pbrtighig/sbdifi oiaio lishf cuoh, zijit cirigd tiocigd, zijit lishf fiut, zijit rhjiz (lirti tbouig/lirti jirug), zijit chgitigd tbrgij, zijit pbrmidigdig, mig zijit prn`bsh mig pbgairhig. pbgairhig. ]brmipit cbcbripi lif yigd pbrfu mhpbrlithjig obgdbgih zijit yihtu imigyi stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit hifil wikhc zijit (ouzijjh (ouzijjh)) mig
2
pbgbrhoi zijit (oustilhj). Lif hgh pbrfu mhpbrlithjig jirbgi imigyi pbrphgmilig stitus wikhc zijit mig pbgbrhoi zijit mirh tilug iwif pbociyirig zijit jb tilug sbfigkutgyi. Ubrphgmilig stitus wikhc zijit imifil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyiri zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, mig wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit. Ubrphgmilig stitus pbgbrhoi zijit imifil pbgbrhoi zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, pbgbrhoi zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, pbgbrhoi zijit obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit. Uimi jbgyitiiggyi, tbrmipit jurigdgyi pbgdbtiluig oisyirijit tbgtigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit, yigd obgybcicjig jurigdgyi hg`nroish prbmhjsh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit pimi cbcbripi tilug obgmitigd mig jurigd imigyi pbrig pbociyirig zijit mifio obgditish jbohsjhgig. Qblhgddi mhpbrfujig suitu obtnmb yigd mipit oboprbmhjsh mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit pimi cbcbripi tilug obgmitigd. Obtnmb hgh cbrlucugdig mbgdig lujuo pbfuigd, mhoigi jbkimhig-jbkimhig yigd tbrsigdjut pimi shstbo cbrsh`it obgmudi itiu thmij pisth. Obtnmb hgh mhsbcut prnsbs stnjisthj. Qtnjisthj imifil cirhsig jbkimhig yigd obgyikhjig stujtur pbfuigd
0
jbkimhig mhoisi mitigd cbrmisirjig jbkimhig mhoisi sbjirigd. Jbkimhig tbrsbcut tbrmhrh mirh ruigd jbimiig mig ruigd piriobtbr. Suigd piriobtbr mhsbcut kudi ruigd hgmbjs cbrhsh wijtu-wijtu yigd obopbgdirulh jbimiigjbimiig. Jfish`hjish stnjisthj tbrmhrh itis; onmbf stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht, onmbf stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht mig ruigd jbimiig jngthgu, onmbf stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr jngthgu mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht, mig onmbf stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr jngthgu mig ruigd jbimiig jngthgu. Obgdbgih stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit, ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht cbrupi wijtu pbociyirig zijit, mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht cbrupi kuofil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, pbgbrhoi zijit. Obgurut Mbgghs (3551), sifil situ kbghs jlusus mirh prnsbs stnjisthj hifil rigtih Oirjnv yigd obrupijig suitu prnsbs stnjisthj mhoigi thgdjil fiju mirh suitu prnsbs oisi yigd ijig mitigd ligyi tbrdigtugd pimi thgdjil fiju oisi sbjirigd mig thmij mhpbgdirulh nfbl thgdjil fiju oisi fifu. Mifio igifhshs rigtih oirjnv yigd mhlishfjig imifil suitu hg`nroish prncichfhsthj yigd mipit mhdugijig ugtuj obocigtu pbocuitig jbputusig. Jbfbchlig obgddugijig onmbf stnjisthj imifil lif yigd mhchairijig imifil pbfuigd mig jbkimhig yigd tbrkimh cbrsh`it iaij. Qbobgtiri pimi onmbf fihg yihtu onmbf mbtbrohghsthj yihtu onmbf yigd mhpbrdugijig ugtuj obobailjig suitu pbrsnifig mifio shtuish yigd pisth. Ubgdurigdig jbohsjhgig pbgthgd sbjifh ugtuj obgmipitjig pbrlithig, sblhgddi mifio pbgbfhthig hgh ijig mhfhlit sifil situ snfushgyi mbgdig imigyi
4
prbmhjsh obgddugijig prnsbs stnjisthj yigd mhtbripjig mifio obocigtu obonmbfjig mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit, sblhgddi mipit mhiochf suitu jbchkijig idir zijit mipit npthoif mifio obghgdjitjig pbrbjngnohig oisyirijit ohsjhg. Cbrmisirjig fitir cbfijigd tbrsbcut, tb rsbcut, oiji mhmifio pbgbfhthig hgh ijig mhcbgtuj onmbf stnjisthj tbgtigd stitus oisyirijit
tbrjiht
zijit,
yigd
oigi
mhliripjig
mipit
obocigtu
pbgybfbsihig oisifil snshif yihtu jbohsjhgig, sblhgddi mhfijujig pbgbfhthig tbrlimip pbroisifilig hgh mbgdig kumuf ‖Onmbf Qtnjisthj Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit tbrjiht [ijit (Qtumh jisus; Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh)‟. C. Suousig Oisifil
Cbrmisirjig fitir cbfijigd oisifil, oiji ruousig oisifil mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil ‖ cidihoigi onmbf stnjisthj st njisthj mhgiohji stitus s titus oisyirijit ois yirijit tbrjiht zijit>‟ A. Citisig Oisifil
Citisig oisifil mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil; 9. Obgbfhth mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit oiif . 3. Ubgbrhoi zijit yigd mhtbfhth imifil dnfngdig ohsjhg. M. Ubrtigyiig Ubgbfhthig
Cbrmisirjig ruousig oisifil yigd tbfil mhurihjig, oiji pbrtigyiig pbgbfhthig pbgbfhthig imifil ‖ cidihoigi onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit>‟ zijit>‟
<
B. ]ukuig Ubgbfhthig
Cbrmisirjig pbruousig oisifil, mipit mhhmbgth`hjish tukuig mifio pbgbfhthig hgh yihtu; obocbgtuj onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit. @.
Oig`iit Ubgbfhthig
Obfifuh pbgbfhthig pbgbfhthig hgh mhliripjig mipit obocbrhjig oig`iit cidh pbociai, pbgbfhth sbfigkutgyi mig cidh phlij tbrjiht cbrupi; 9. obocbrhjig diocirig mig pbgdbtiluig cidh pbgbfhth mig pbociai obgdbgih pbgddugiig onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit 3. diocirig yigd mhcbrhjig mhliripjig mipit obgkimh rb`brbgsh cidh phlij phlij tbrjiht ugtuj obgbgtujig stritbdh pbociyirig zijit mig pbgbrhoiig zijit 1. diocirig yigd mhcbrhjig mhliripjig mipit obgkimh cilig rukujig ugtuj phlij pbocuit jbchkijig mifio lif obgditish oisifil jbohsjhgig obfifuh zijit. =. sbcidih cilig oisujig cidh pbgbfhth sbfigkutgyi mifio obgdbocigdjig mig obopbrfuis aijupig pbgbfhthig.
CIC HH ]HGKIRIG JBURQ]IJIIG I. Ubgdbrthig Ubgdbrthig Jbohsjhgig
Jbohsjhgig obrupijig suitu jbimiig yigd mhti`shrjig sbcidih jurigdgyi pbgmipitig ugtuj obobgulh jbcutulig lhmup yigd pnjnj. Mbgdig
hsthfil
fihg,
jbohsjhgig
obrupijig
jbthmijoiopuig
mifio
obobgulh jbcutulig pnjnj, sblhgddi obgdifioh jbrbsilig, jbsbgdsiriig itiu jbobfiritig mifio sbthip figdjil lhmup (Iloimh, 3551; 1==). Obgurut Jious Cbsir Cilisi Hgmngbshi, jbohsjhgig imifil jbimiig mhoigi tbrkimh jbjurigdig lif-lif yigd chisi ugtuj mhpugyih sbpbrth oijigig, pijihig, tbopit cbrfhgmugd mig ihr ohguo, lif-lif hgh cbrlucugdig brit mbgdig juifhtis lhmup. Jbohsjhgig jimigd kudi cbrirth thmij imigyi ijsbs tbrlimip pbgmhmhjig mig pbjbrkiig yigd oiopu obgditish oisifil jbohsjhgig. C. Ubgybcic Jbohsjhgig
Iloimh (3551; 1==) obgyitijig cilwi, imi cbcbripi `ijtnr yigd obgybcicjig thocufgyi jbohsjhgig yihtu; 9.
Ubgmhmhjig yigd rbgmil Sbgmilgyi
pbgmhmhjig
obgybcicjig
sbsbnrigd
jurigd
obopugyih jbtbriophfig tbrtbgtu yigd mhpbrfujig mifio jblhmupiggyi. Jbtbrcitisig
pbgmhmhjig
mig
kudi
jbtbriophfig
yigd
mhohfhjh
obgybcicjig jbtbrcitisig jboiopuig ugtuj oisuj mifio mughi jbrki. 3.
Jbtbrcitisig suocbr miyi ifio Jbohsjhgig ijig obfigmi suitu oisyirijit ipichfi suocbr
8
95
ifiogyi thmij fidh obocbrhjig jbutugdig cidh jblhmupig obrbji. Qbrhgd mhjitijig piri ilfh cilwi oisyirijit htu ohsjhg jirbgi oboigd misirgyi ‖ifiohil ohsjhg‟. Ifiohil ohsjhg yigd mhoijsum imifil jbjiyiig ifiogyi, ohsifgyi tigilgyi yigd cbrcitu-citu sblhgddi thmij chsi obgigio tuoculig, thmij obgyhopig ohgbrif mig sbcidihgyi. Mbgdig mbohjhig mipit mhjitijig cilwi khji suocbr miyi ifio ohsjhg oiji ohsjhg kudi oisyirijitgyi. 1.
]brcitisgyi fipigdig jbrki Jbtbrcitisig
fipigdig
jbrki
ijig
obociwi
jngsbjubgsh
jbohsjhgig cidh oisyirijit. Qbairi hmbif cigyij nrigd obgditijig cilwi sbsbnrigd/oisyirijit lirus oiopu obgahptijig fipigdig jbrki ciru. ]btiph lif tbrsbcut sufht mhfijujig, jirbgi imigyi jbtbrcitisig jboiopuig cihj yigd cbrupi sjhff cbrupi sjhff oiupug oiupug onmif. =.
Jbtbrcitisig onmif Jbtbrcitisig onmif imifil sbcuil jbgyitiig yigd imi mh gbdirigbdiri yigd sbmigd cbrjbocigd. Qbsbnrigd ohsjhg jirbgi thmij obopugyih onmif ugtuj obfbgdjiph ifit itiupug cilig mifio rigdji obgbripjig jbtbriophfig yigd obrbji ohfhjh mbgdig suitu tukuig ugtuj obopbrnfbl pbgdlishfig.
2.
Cbcig jbfuirdi Qboijhg cigyij igddnti jbfuirdi ijig sboijhg cigyij tugtutig/cbcig ugtuj lhmup yigd lirus mhpbgulh.
99
A. Jrhtbrhi mig Cbgtuj Jbohsjhgig
Obgurut Yimhr (3559; 25), tbrmipit 1 jrhtbrhi yigd tbroisuj jbmifio dnfngdig ohsjhg. Imipug jrhtbrhi tbrsbcut imifil sbcidih cbrhjut; 9.
Dnfngdig yigd thmij obopugyih jboiopuig sioi sbjifh ugtuj cbrusili jirbgi cbcbripi `ijtnr ushi (figshi) itiu jirbgi aiait kisoigh.
3.
Obrbji yigd oishl tbrdnfngd sblit sbairi `hshj mig kisoigh, tbtiph thmij obohfhjh jbtbriophfig ipipug.
1.
Obrbji ohsjhg jirbgi suitu lif yigd mhsbcicjig tbrkimh oushcil, sbmigdjig `hshj mig obgtifgyi oishl cbrpntbgsh ugtuj cbjbrki mig cbrusili, tbtiph thmij obohfhjh onmif. Qbmigdjig jrhtbrhi ohsjhg obgurut Cimig Uusit Qtithsthj (CUQ),
mhijsbs obfifuh jbfuirdiliripig.ano pimi 59 Kufh 3594 imifil;
3
9.
Fuis figtih cigdugig tbopit thgddif jurigd mirh <
3.
Kbghs figtih tbopit thgddif tbrcuit mirh tigil/ciocu/jiyu ourilig.
1.
Kbghs mhgmhgd tbopit thgddif mirh ciocu/ruochi/jiyu cbrjuifhtis
pbr nrigd.
rbgmil/tbocnj tigpi mhpfbstbr. =.
]hmij obohfhjh `ishfhtis cuigd ihr cbsir/cbrsioi-sioi mbgdig ruoil tigddi fihg.
2.
Quocbr pbgbrigdig ruoil tigddi thmij obgddugijig fhstrhj.
0.
Quocbr ihr ohguo cbrisif mirh suour/oiti ihr thmij tbrfhgmugd/sugdih/ ihr lukig.
4.
Cilig cijir ugtuj oboisij sblirh-lirh imifil jiyu cijir/irigd/ ohgyij tigil.
93
<.
Ligyi obgdjngsuosh midhgd/susu/iyio mifio situ jifh sbohgddu.
8.
Ligyi obocbfh situ stbf pijihig ciru mifio sbtilug.
95. Ligyi sigddup oijig sbcigyij situ/ mui jifh mifio sblirh. 99. ]hmij sigddup obociyir chiyi pbgdncitig mh pusjbsois/ pnfhjfhghj. 93. Quocbr pbgdlishfig jbpifi ruoil tigddi imifil; pbtigh mbgdig fuis filig 255
3
, curul tigh, gbfiyig, curul cigdugig, curul pbrjbcugig
mig itiu pbjbrkiig fihggyi mbgdig pbgmipitig mhciwil Sp. 055.555 pbr cufig. 91. Ubgmhmhjig tbrthgddh jbpifi ruoil tigddi; thmij sbjnfil/ thmij tioit QM/ tioit QM. 9=. ]hmij obohfhjh ticugdig/cirigd yigd oumil mhkuif mbgdig ohghoif Sp.255.555, sbpbrth sbpbmi ontnr jrbmht/gng jrbmht, bois, tbrgij, jipif ontnr, itiu cirigd onmif fihggyi . M. Airi Obgigddufigdh Jbohsjhgig
Obgurut Sioufyn (9882; 919), airi obgigddufigdh jbohsjhgig imifil; 9.
Cbjbrki mbgdig dhit mig cbrsboigdit.
3.
Jbfuirdi yigd fboil obgkimh tigddugd t igddugd kiwic jbfuirdi yigd juit
1.
Jbwikhcig obociyir zijit
=.
Imigyi kiohgig pbobrhgtil ugtuj jbfuirdi yigd thmij oiopu.
B. Ubgdbrthig Ubgdbrthig [ijit
Obgurut Sioufyn (9882; 915), zijit obrupijig sirigi mhstrhcush pbgmipitig mig pbobritiig rbzbjh. [ijit imifil sifil situ rujug Hsfio mig
91
obrupijig jbwikhcig uoit Hsfio mifio rigdji pbfijsigiig mui jifhoit Qyilimit. [ijit obgurut fudlil (cilisi), fudlil (cilisi), cbrirth gioi ? jbsucurig, tliliril ? tliliril ? jbsuahig, cirijil cirijil ? jbcbrjitig, mig cbrirth kudi tizjhyil titlhbr ? obgsuahjig. Ubrtioi, mhgioijig pbgdbfuirig lirti hgh mbgdig zijit imifil jirbgi zijit htu obrupijig suitu sbcic yigd mhliripjig ijig obgmitigdjig jbsucurig itiu obgyucurjig pilifi. Jbmui, mhgioijig lirti yigd mhjbfuirjig htu mbgdig zijit imifil zijit htu obrupijig suitu jbgyitiig mig jbsuahig khwi mirh jbjhjhrig mig jbmnsiig (Qlhmmhbqy, 9823;3=). Mh siophgd htu zijit imifil pbourghig khwi mig usili obocbcisjig mhrh mirh rigdjihig jbchisiig oigushi yigd siyigd mig tbrhjit pimi lirti cbgmi sbpbrth `hroig Iffil mifio If-Yur‘ig If- Yur‘ig Quril It-]iucil It-]iucil iyit 951 yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖iochffil zijit mirh sbcidhig lirti obrbji, mbgdig zijit htu jiou obocbrshljig mig obgsuahjig obrbji mig obgmnifil ugtuj obrbji. Qbsugddulgyi mni jiou htu (obgkimh) jbtbgtbrioig khwi cidh obrbji. mig Iffil Oili obgmbgdir fidh Oili obgdbtiluh.‟ obgdbtiluh. ‟ [ijit obrupijig rujug Hsfio jbthdi. Lif hgh mhjbtiluh cbrmisirjig sbkiril pbgbtipig rujug-rujug Hsfio sbpbrth; sifit fhoi wijtu imifil rujug pbrtioi yigd wikhc mhkifigjig nfbl jiuo Ousfhohg, yihtu mh Oijjil pimi
9=
oifio pbrhsthwi Hsri‘, jboumhig puisi mhwikhcjig mh Oimhgil pimi tilug 3 Lhkrhyil cbrsioiig mbgdig zijit `htril, sbtbfil htu mhwikhcjig zijit jbjiyiig, yihtu zijit yigd sumil imi iturig ghsic mig cbsirgyi yigd mhtbtipjig sbcbfuo 2 Lhkrhyil (Yirmiwh, 3554; 43). Qbfihg htu obgurut Yirmiwh (3554; 41), zijit imifil rujug Hsfio jbthdi sbsuih mbgdig limhst Gich Ouliooim QIT mirh mirh Hcgu Roir yigd cbrcugyh ; ‖Hsfio mhmhrhjig mh itis fhoi misir; obgdhjrirjig cilwi thmij imi ]ulig sbfihg Iffil mig Ouliooim imifil Sisuf Iffil, obgmhrhjig slnfit, obociyir zijit, cbrpuisi pimi cufig Sioimlig, mig cbrlikh cidh shipi yigd oiopu (limhs out t`iq t`iq ‗ifihl) ‗ifihl)‟.
@.
]ukuig [ijit
Obgurut Sioufyn (9882; 911), tukuig zijit igtiri
fihg sbcidih
cbrhjut ; 9. obgdigdjit mbrikit `ijhr ohsjhg mig obocigtugyi jbfuir mirh jbsufhtig lhmup mig pbgmbrhtiig, obfhgmugdh oisyirijit mirh ciliyi jbohsjhgig mig jbobfiritig, 3. obocigtu pbobailig pbroisifilig pbroisi filig yigd mhlimiph nfbl piri hcgu sichf mig oustilhq oustilhq (pbgbrhoi zijit ) fihggyi, 1. obocbgtigdjig mig obochgi tifh pbrsiumiriig dntngd-rnyngd, tnfngdobgnfngd mifio jbcihjig mig tiqwi sbsioi uoit Hsfio mig oigushi pimi uouogyi, =. obgdlhfigdjig sh`it jhjhr, mbgdjh, hrh lith mig fnci pbohfhj lirti, 2. obgkbocitigh kurigd pbohsil igtiri yigd jiyi mig yigd ohsjhg mifio oisyirijit, 0. obgdbocigdjig risi tigddugd kiwic, snfhmirhtis snshif mig jishl siyhgd pimi mhrh sbgmhrh mig sbsioi oigushi tbrutioi pimi obrbji yigd obopugyih lirti, 4. obgmhmhj oigushi ugtuj cbrmhshpfhg obgugihjig jbwikhcig mig obgybriljig lij nrigd fihg pimigyi, <. sirigi pbobritiig pbgmipitig ugtuj obwukumjig jbimhfig snshif cidh oisyirijit mig Gbdiri.
92
D. Qyirit-syirit Nrigd yigd Tikhc [ijit
Obgurut Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH (3591; 32), imipug syirit-syirit cidh nrigd yigd wikhc zijit imifil sbcidih cbrhjut; 9.
Oujohg mig Ousfho [ijit obrupijig sifil situ mirh rujug Hsfio, nfbl jirbgi htu mhwikhcjig jbpimi nrigd oujohg mig ousfho. Ubrcbmiig igtiri nrigd yigd oujohg mig ousfho imifil nrigd yigd ousfho obrupijig nrigd yigd tbfil cbridioi Hsfio mig pbraiyi ikirig-ikiriggyi sbmigdjig oujohg obrupijig sbsbnrigd ousfho mbgdig fbchl thgddh mbrikit jbhoigiggyi mbgdig lithgyi yigd obohfhjh risi tijut jbpimi Iffil QT] sblhgddi mipit mhkufujh mbgdig ousfho sbkith.
3.
Cbrijif Nrigd yigd thmij cbrijif thmij wikhc cbrzijit. Jbwikhcig zijit lirtigyi mhcbcigjig jbpimi wifhgyi itiu nrigd yigd obgdurus lirtigyi htu, sbpbrth igij yitho yigd obopugyih lirti mig tbfil obobgulh syirit ugtuj mhjbfuirjig zijitgyi.
1.
Obohfhjh lirti yigd obgaipih ghsic.
=.
Obrmbji.
2.
Lirti yigd mhjbfuirjig imifil lirti yigd wikhc mhzijitjig.
0.
Lirti yigd mhzijitjig imifil ohfhj pbgul mig mipit mhiochf oig`iitgyi sbairi pbgul sbrti mhohfhjh mbgdig airi yigd mhcbgirjig syirh‘it itiu mhmipitjig mbgdig airi yigd lifif.
90
4.
Jbpbohfhjig lirti tbfil obgaipih sbtilug, obgurut lhtugdig tilug Yioirhyil.
<.
Lirti tbrsbcut cujig obrupijig lishf lutigd.
8.
Lirti yigd mhzijitjig obfbchlh jbcutulig pnjnj. Obgdbgih syirit cidh nrigd yigd wikhc zijit yihtu jbpbohfhjig lirti
tbfil obgaipih sbtilug, lif hgh cbrfiju ugtuj zijit chgitigd, bois, pbrij, mig cirigd pbrghidiig. Qbmigdjig ugtuj tuocul-tuoculig, cuil-cuilig, mig cirigd tbouig thmij lirus mhohfhjh sbtilug ugtuj wikhc mhzijith (Qlhmmhbqy, 9823; 3=). Qbtbfil syirit-syirit wikhc zijit tbfil tbrpbgulh oiji sbsbnrigd wikhc obociyir zijit, gioug thmij sboui nrigd yigd tbfil obobgulh syirit-syirit mirh wikhc zijit ijig obgdbfuirjig zijit. Obgdhgdit sbthip nrigd obohfhjh pbgmipit sbrti jbchisiig mig airi cbsbrti diyi lhmup oishgdoishgd. L. Lirti yigd wikhc mhzijith
Obgurut Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH (3591; <-95), pimi prhgshpgyi zijit tbrcidh obgkimh 3 yihtu; zijit oiif mig zijit `htril. [ijit `htril imifil zijit yigd wikhc mhjbfuirjig nfbl sbthip hgmhvhmu uoit Hsfio jbthji cufig suah Sioimlig. Qbmigdjig zijit oiif imifil imifil zijit lirti yigd tbrmhrh mirh cigyij kbghs. Obgurut Lisig (355<; 3=) mig Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH (3591; 90-35), If-Yur‘ig If-Yur‘ig obgkbfisjig ligyi cbcbripi oiaio yigd mhsbcut sbcidih lirti jbjiyiig yigd wikhc mhjbfuirjig zijitgyi, sbpbrth;
94
9.
Bois, pbrij, mig uigd shopigig Bois mig pbrij yigd mhsbcutjig mifio @hroig Iffil QT] mifio surit It-]iucil iyit 1= yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖lih nrigd-nrigd yigd cbrhoig, Qbsugddulgyi sbcilidhig cbsir mirh nrigd-nrigd ifho Xilumh mig rilhc-rilhc Gisrigh cbgir-cbgir oboijig lirti nrigd mbgdig kifig cithf mig obrbji obgdlifigd-lifigdh (oigushi) mirh kifig Iffil. mig nrigd-nrigd yigd obgyhopig bois mig pbrij mig thmij obgi`jiljiggyi pimi kifig Iffil, Oiji cbrhtilujigfil jbpimi obrbji, (cilwi obrbji ijig obgmipit) shjsi yigd pbmhl.‟ pbmhl.‟ Bois, pbrij, mig uigd shopigig wikhc mhciyirjig zijit khji sumil obgaujuph liufgyi yihtu 9 tilug mig sumil obgaipih ghsicgyi. Ghsic ugtuj bois yihtu <2 dr bois, zijit pbrij 043 dr, uigd shopigig yigd ghfih gnohgifgyi sioi mbgdig ghfih ghsic bois itiupug pbrij, cbsir zijitgyi imifil 3,2%. 3.
[ijit pbgdlishfig mirh prn`bsh Mhkbfisjig mifio @hroig Iffil QT] mifio surit If-Ciqiril iyit 304 yigd cbrcugyh;
9<
irthgyi; ‖lih nrigd-nrigd yigd cbrhoig, gi`jiljigfil (mh kifig Iffil) sbcidhig mirh lishf usiliou yigd cihj-cihj mig sbcidhig mirh ipi yigd Jioh jbfuirjig mirh cuoh ugtuj jiou. mig kigdigfil jiou obohfhl yigd curuj-curuj fifu jiou obgi`jiljig mirhpimigyi, pimilif jiou sbgmhrh thmij oiu obgdiochfgyi obfihgjig mbgdig obohahgdjig oiti tbrlimipgyi, mig jbtiluhfil, cilwi Iffil Oili Jiyi fidh Oili ]brpukh.‟ ]brpukh.‟ Qbthip nrigd yigd obohfhjh pbgdlishfig tbtip sbairi tbritur lirus obgdbfuirjig zijitgyi sbthip jifh cbrpbgdlishfig itiu sbthip cufig khji obgaujuph ghsicgyi yihtu sbtiri <2 dr bois itiu mhjbfuirjig sbthip tilug sbtbfil aujup oisi liuf gyi. Cbsir zijitgyi imifil 3,2%. 1.
Lishf cuoh/pbrtighig Lishf
cuoh/pbrtighig
sbpbrth
cuil-cuilig,
siyurig,
pimh,
tiocigd, ohgyij yigd mhgyitijig mifio If- Yur‘ig surit IfIf-Ig‘io iyit 9=9 yigd cbrcugyh;
98
irthgyi; ‖mig ‖mig Mhifil yigd obgkimhjig jbcug-jbcug yigd cbrkugkugd mig yigd thmij cbrkugkugd, pnlng jnroi, tigio-tigioig yigd cbroiaio-oiaio cuilgyi, zihtug mig mbfhoi yigd sbrupi (cbgtuj mig wirgigyi) wirgigyi) mig thmij sioi (risigyi). oijigfil mirh cuilgyi (yigd cbroiaio-oiaio htu) chfi Mhi cbrcuil, mig tugihjigfil lijgyi mh lirh obobthj lishfgyi (mbgdig mhsbmbjiljig jbpimi `ijhr ohsjhg): mig kigdigfil jiou cbrfbchlfbchlig. Qbsugddulgyi Iffil thmij obgyujih nrigd yigd cbrfbchlfbchlig.‟ fbchlig.‟ [ijit lishf cuoh mhfijujig sbthip jifh obgdlishfjig ti gpi imigyi liuf tbtiph tbtip pimi lhtugdig ghsicgyi. Ghsic ugtuj pimh imifil 9125 jd dicil itiu 425 jd cbris. Cbsir zijit yigd mhciyirjig imifil 2% khji mhihrh mbgdig chiyi, mig 95% khji mhihrh mbgdig ihr lukig, sugdih, mig hrhdish, 3,2% khji mhigddip sbcidih lirti midigdig cujig oijigig pnjnj wirdi sbtbopit. Ghsic ugtuj chkh-chkhig, uoch-uochig, siyurig, tigioig lhis, ruoput yigd mhcumhmiyijig, mig cuil-cuilig imifil sbtiri <2 dr bois, mig cbsir zijitgyi 3,2%. =.
Chgitigd ]brgij Mhkbfisjig mifio @hroig Iffil QT] mifio surit Ig-Gilf iyit
35
2-4 yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖2. Mig Mhi tbfil obgahptijig chgitigd tbrgij ugtuj jiou: pimigyi imi (cufu)
yigd
obgdligditjig
mig
cbrcidih-cidih
oig`iit,
mig
sbcilidhiggyi jiou oijig. 0. Mig jiou obopbrnfbl pigmigdig yigd hgmil pimigyi, jbthji jiou obociwigyi jbocifh jb jigmigd mig jbthji jiou obfbpisjiggyi jb tbopit pbgddbocifiig. 4. Mig hi obohjuf cbcig-cbcigou jb suitu gbdbrh yigd jiou thmij sigddup siopih jbpimigyi, obfihgjig mbgdig jbsujirig-jbsujirig (yigd oboiyiljig) mhrh. Qbsugddulgyi ]uligou cbgir-cbgir Oili Ubgdishl fidh Oili Ubgyiyigd.‟ Ubgyiyigd.‟ Mhigtirigyi chgitigd tbrgij yigd wikhc zijit imifil; i.
[ijit siph itiu jbrciu Ghsic iwifgyi (ohghoif) 15 bjnr. Qbfigkutgyi, 15 siopih mbgdig 18 bjnr, zijitgyi 9 bjnr siph itiu jbrciu yigd kigtig itiu cbthgi ushi 9 tilug. =5 siopih mbgdig 28 bjnr, zijitgyi 9 bjnr siph itiu jbrciu cbthgi ushi 3 tilug. 05 siopih mbgdig 08 bjnr, zijitgyi 3 bjnr siph itiu jbrciu yigd kigtig itiu cbthgi ushi 3 tilug. Qbthip 15 bjnr, zijitgyi 9 bjnr siph itiu jbrciu yigd kigtig itiu cbthgi
39
ushi 9 tilug mig sbthip =5 bjnr siph, zijitgyi imifil 9 bjnr siph itiu jbrciu cbthgi ushi 3 tilug. c.
[ijit jiochgd itiu mnoci Ghsic iwifgyi (ohghoif) =5 bjnr. Qbfigkutgyi, =9 siopih mbgdig 935 bjnr, zijitgyi 9 bjnr. 939 siopih mbgdig 355 bjnr, zijitgyi 3 bjnr. 359 siopih mbgdig 155 bjnr, zijitgyi 1 bjnr. 159 siopih mbgdig =55 bjnr, zijitgyi = bjnr. Rgtuj sbfigkugyi, sbthip jbfhpitig 955 bjnr, zijitgyi mhtiocil 9 bjnr.
2.
Lirti Midigd Lirti midigd oijsumgyi lirti yigd mhpbrmidigdjig, mhgyitijig mifio @hroig Iffil QT] surit If-Ciqiril iyit 304 yigd cbrcugyh;, mhzijitjig khji tbfil obgaipih ghsic sbtiri <2 dr bois mig aujup liufgyi, oiji cbsir zijitgyi 3,2%.
0.
Cirigd-Cirigd ]iocigd Mhgyitijig mifio @hroig Iffil QT] surit If-Ciqiril iyit 304. Lirti hgh tbrmhrh mirh cbsh, ciki, thoil, ohgyij, citu ciri, jughgdig, mig tbocidi. Ghsigyi imifil sioi mbgdig <2 dr bois, tigpi imigyi oisi liuf, mig tbrjbgi zijit 3,2%.
4.
Lishf fiut Ghsicgyi
sioi
mbgdig
lishf
obgdlishfjig, mig cbsir zijitgyi 3,2%. <.
Lirti rhjiz/ lirti tbouig
cuoh,
liufgyi sbthip
jifh
33
Cbsir zijitgyi 95% itiu 2% sbsuih mbgdig usili mig chiyi yigd mhlichsjig, kudi sbsuih mbgdig jboig`iitig mig ghfih lirti yigd mhtboujig. 8.
Jbjiyiig yigd Cbrsh`it Rouo Mhgyitijig mifio mifio @hroig Iffil QT] surit It-]iucil iyit 951.
H.
Qyirit-syirit Lirti ]brjbgi [ijit
Obgurut Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH (3591; 39), syirit-syirit lirti tbrjbgi zijit imifil; 9.
Ohfhj pbgul mig mipit mhochf oig`iitgyi sbairi pbgul sbrti mhohfhjh mbgdig airi yigd lifif.
3.
Lirti tbrsbcut mipit cbrtiocil mig cbrjbocigd chfi mhusilijig.
1.
Lirti yigd hgdhg mhzijitjig sumil obgaipih kuofil yigd sumil mhtbtipjig syirh‘it (aujup ghsic). ghsic).
=.
Obfbchlh mirh jbcutulig pnjnj ohghoif yigd mhpbrfujig sbnrigd ouzijjh mig jbfuirdi yigd obgkimh tigddugdiggyi ugtuj jbfigdsugdig lhmupgyi.
2.
Lirti yigd mhzijitjig tbrsbcut sumil mhohfhjh fbchl mirh situ tilug. Jbauifh sbthip ugtuj zijit pbrtighig sbthip jifh pigbg mig zijit prn`bsh pimi sbthip jifh obgdlishfjig.
K.
Qtitus Oisyirijit tbrjiht [ijit
Obgurut Yirmiwh (3554; =3-=1), obgyitijig sbnrigd hfouig cbsir cbrgioi Ifo. Urn`. Onlm. @irhm Tikmh obfipnrjig tbgtigd sbkiril lhtio lucugdig igitiri nrigd-nrigd jiyi mbgdig nrigd-nrigd ohsjhg yigd tbfil
31
cbrfigdsugd sbobgkij jbcumiyiig-jbchmiyiig pbrtioi oigushi, mhoigi cbfhiu cbrjiti pimi cigdsi ipipug pbgbfhth obgdiriljig pbrlithiggyi ligyi pimi mui dnfngdig oigushi yihtu dnfngdig yigd cbraujupig mig dnfngdig yigd obfirit. Gioug, mifio stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tbrmipit sbkiril yigd obgabrhtijig cilwi mh zioig Jlifh`il Icu Cijir Qlhmmhq, pbobrhgtil cbrthgmij tbdis obocbrh lujuoig jbpimi nrigd yigd thmij oiu obociyir zijit mig ciljig obgyitijig pbrigd tbrlimip pbocigdjigd zijit (Shtngdi; 3558; 4). Lif hgh obopbrfhlitjig cilwi imi stitus oisyiirijit tbrjiht zijit yihtu wikhc zijit yigd fifih/thmij oiu obociyir zijit pimi zioig tbrsbcut. ]brmipit kudi `hroig Iffil surit if-@uslslhfit iyit 0-4 yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖0. Jitijigfil; "Cilwisigyi iju ligyifil sbnrigd oigushi sbpbrth jiou, mhwilyujig jbpimiju cilwisigyi ]ulig jiou imifil ]ulig yigd Oili Bsi, Oiji tbtipfil pimi kifig yigd Furus obguku jbpimigyi mig onlngfil iopug jbpimigyi. mig jbabfijiig cbsirfil cidh nrigd-nrigd yigd obopbrsbjutujig-Gyi. 4. (yihtu) nrigd-nrigd yigd thmij obgugihjig zijit mig obrbji ji`hr ijig imigyi (jblhmupig) ijlhrit.‟ ijlhrit. ‟ Mhoigi iyit tbrsbcut obgkbfisjig cilwi nrigd-nrigd oujohg yigd cihj imifil yigd obociyir zijit mig obyijhgh lirh ijlhrit, sbmigdjig nrigdnrigd yigd obopbrsbjutujig ]ulig thmij obociyir zijit mig obgdhgdjirh
3=
lirh ijlhrit. Qbrti zijit yigd mhoijsum imifil zijit jbjiyiig (Yirmiwh, 3554; 28-05). Qblhgddi mifio pbgbfhthig hgh, stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mhcidh obgkimh 1 jbfnopnj yihtu dnfngdig tbroisuj wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, mig
pbgbrhoi
zijit. J. Nrigd yigd Cbrlij Obgbrhoi [ijit
Cbrmisirjig `hroig Iffil surit It-]iucil iyit 05 tbgtigd nrigd yigd cbrlij obgbrhoi zijit yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖sbsugddulgyi zijit-zijit htu, ligyifil ugtuj Z9_ nrigd-nrigd `ijhr, Z3_ nrigd-nrigd ohsjhg, Z1_ iohf zijit, Z=_ piri ou‘iffi` yigd mhcukuj lithgyi, Z2_ ugtuj (obobrmbjijig) cumij, Z0_ nrigd-nrigd yigd tbrfhfht utigd, Z4_ ugtuj kifig Iffil mig Z<_ ugtuj obrbji yigd sbmigd mifio pbrkifigig, sbcidih suitu jbtbtipig yigd mhwikhcjig Iffil, mig Iffil Oili Obgdbtiluh fidh Oili Chkijsigi.‟ Chkijsigi.‟ Nrigd-nrigd yigd cbrlij obgbrhoi zijit yihtu obgurut Jbobgtbrhig Idioi SH (3591;0<-42); 9.
@ijhr Nrigd yigd tbrdnfngd `ijhr imifil nrigd yigd ioit sbgdsiri lhmupgyi, thmij obopugyih lirti mig tbgidi sbrti `ishfhtis yigd mipit
32
mhdugijig sbcidih ifit ugtuj obobgulh jbcutulig pnjnj. 3.
Ohsjhg Nrigd ohsjhg imifil nrigd yigd obohfhjh jboiopuig ugtuj obgmipitjig chiyi lhmup, tbtiph thmij th mij obgaujuph jbcutulig lhmupgyi.
1.
Iohf [ijit Iohf zijit imifil pbtudis yigd mhtugkuj nfbl pbobrhgtil itiu oisyirijit ugtuj obgduopufjig zijit, obgyhopig mig jboumhig obocidh-cidhjiggyi jbpimi yigd cbrlij obgbrhoigyi. Uiri iohf obgdhgditjig piri wikhc zijit, sbpbrth pbtigh pimi wijtu pigbg mig mhchmigd-chmigd fihg, jirbgi imi jbougdjhgig piri wikhc zijit thmij obgdbrth mig imi pufi jbougdjhgig jirbgi jhjhr. Uiri iohf kudi obgmiti shipi-shipi yigd wikhc obgbrhoi zijit mh fhgdjugdiggyi tbopit cbrtudis sbairi tbfhth, idir kigdig siopih tbrkimh, piri oustilhq oustilhq thmij obgbrhoi zijit mig sbcifhjgyi yigd thmij cbrlij obgbrhoigyi. Iohf sbcidih pbtudis zijit mhcbrh upil yigd wikir mig pigtis, thmij tbrfifu cbsir mig thmij tbrfifu jbahf. Rjurig yigd wikir imifil yigd fndhs, itis jbsbpijitig cbrsioi mig thmij mhtbgtujig nfbl iohf zijit htu sbgmhrh.
=.
Nrigd ouiffi` Mifio ti`shrig if-Oiridlh, cilwi yigd tbroisuj ouifi` imifil ; i.
Nrigd ji`hr yigd mhpbrjhrijig itiu mhliripjig oiu cbrhoig mig obobfuj idioi Hsfio.
c.
Nrigd yigd ciru oisuj Hsfio yigd mbgdig liripig hoiggyi juit thmij dnyil fidh sbsumil obobfuj Hsfio.
30
a.
Nrigd Hsfio yigd thgddif mhpbrcitisig ugtuj obgkidi jbioigig itiu mipit obgdlifigdh sbrigdig mirh phlij fihg.
m.
Nrigd yigd mhjliwithrjig jbfijuig kilitgyi obrusij uoit mig idioi Hsfio mig chfi thmij mhcbrh, obrbji obgabfi mig obfbabljig Hsfio.
b.
]njnl yigd cbrpbgdirul yigd sumil obobfuj Hsfio, yigd oishl obopugyih silicit-silicit yigd oishl ji`hr. Mbgdig pbgdirulgyi mhliripjig obrbji pug turut obobfuj Hsfio.
`.
]njnl jiuo ousfhohg yigd aujup cbrpbgdirul mhjifigdig jiuogyi ijig tbtiph hoiggyi oishl fboil. Mbgdig kifig hgh mhliripjig hoiggyi cbrtiocil juit mig oigtip.
2.
Cumij Cumij imifil nrigd yigd mhcbrh jbsbopitig nfbl tuiggyi obgduopufjig lirti ugtuj obgbcus jbocifh mhrhgyi mirh tuiggyi.
0.
Nrigd yigd cbrutigd Nrigd yigd cbrlutigd jirbgi mui sbcic, yihtu cbrlutigd ugtuj jbpbgthgdig mhrh sbgmhrh mig cbrlutigd ugtuj jboisfilitig uoit, sbpbrth pbocigdugig obskhm, sbjnfil, jfhghj, mig sbcidihgyi, mbohjhig pbgmipit Hoio Oifhj, Qyi`h‘h mig Iloim. Obgurut oizlic Ligi`h yigd cbrlutigd (jirbgi cigdjrut, mhsbcicjig jbcijirig, cbgaigi ifio mig mhthpu nrigd), zijit mipit mhcbrhjig sbcigyij lutigdgyi tbrsbcut.
4. @hsichfhffil
34
Obgaijup
sboui
jboisfilitig
uoit
Hsfio
cihj
ugtuj
jbpbgthgdig idioi mig fihg-fihggyi yigd cujig ugtuj jbpbgthgdig pbrnrigdig, sbpbrth obocigdug oiskhm, ruoil sijht, pigth isulig, sbjnfil, hrhdish, kbocitig mig sbcidihgyi yigd mhoig`iitjig ugtuj jbpbgthgdig uouo yigd thmij obgdigmugd oijshit. Qboui jbdhitig yigd obguku rhmli Iffil mipit mhiochf mirh cidhig ‖ `hsichfhffil‟ `hsichfhffil‟. <. Hcgu Qichf Hcgu sichf mipit mhirthjig
mbgdig pbrigtiu (ousi`hr). ]btiph
ousi`hr ( Hcgu Hcgu Qichf ) yigd obgmipit cidhig mirh zijit imifil nrigd ousi`hr cujig jirbgi oijshit. Mhi jbjurigdig itiu jblichsig cbfigki mifio pbrkifigig. Lif hgh ougdjhg jirbgi uigdgyi lhfigd, jirbgi mhanpbt itiu sbcic-sbcic fihggyi. F. Lujuoig Cidh yigd ]hmij Obociyir Obociyir [ijit
Lujuoig cidh yigd thmij obociyir zijit mhkbfisjig mifio `hroig Iffil surit Ifh Horig iyit 9<5 yigd cbrcugyh;
irthgyi; ‖sbjifh-jifh ‖sbjifh-jifh kigdigfil nrigd-nrigd yigd cijlhf mbgdig lirti yigd Iffil cbrhjig jbpimi obrbji mirh jirughi-Gyi obgyigdji, cilwi jbcijlhfig htu cihj cidh obrbji. sbcbgirgyi jbcijlhfig htu imifil curuj cidh obrbji. lirti
3<
yigd obrbji cijlhfjig htu ijig mhjifugdjig jbfij mh fblbrgyi mh lirh jhioit. mig jbpugyiig Iffil-fil sbdifi wirhsig (yigd imi) mh figdht mig mh cuoh. mig Iffil obgdbtiluh ipi yigd jiou jbrkijig.‟ jbrkijig.‟ Oistur mig Ipit (3553; 95), obgyitijig imipug lujuoig cidh yigd thmij obociyir zijit imifil sbcidih cbrhjut; 9.
Mhcijir mh Gbriji Qiqir itiu Kiligio.
3.
Mhthopi `htgil/ oushcil itiu izic yigd pbmhl.
1.
Mhshjsi mbgdig lirti yigd mhtilig mh mughi.
=.
Mhshjsi mbgdig dhdhtig ufir.
2.
Mhshjsi mbgdig citu yigd pigis.
0.
Qbopht jblhmupiggyi mh mughi.
4.
Mhsbdbrijig lujuoiggyi mh mughi
O. [ijit mig Jbohsjhgig
[ijit mig jbohshjhgig brit jihtiggyi mifio obgdurigdh jbohsjhgig. Miopij mirh zijit mipit obrucil pbrbjngnohig oisyirijit. Obgurut Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH (3591), sbairi jngsbptuif zijit obohfhjh mhobgsh pbgdbgtisig
mig
pbgigddufigdig
jbohsjhgig
sbrti
obwukumjig
jbsbkiltbriig oisyirijit. ]brmipit cbcbripi ifisig yigd aujup juit ugtuj obyijhgh
zijit
sbcidih
hgstruobg
mig
phfir
Hsfio
yigd
oiopu
obgsbkiltbrijig oisyirijit; 9. pboig`iitig mig ifnjish zijit tbfil mhitur mhitur mbgdig syir‘h mhoigi piri pbgbrhoi (oustilhq) ligyi l igyi tbrmhrh tb rmhrh mirh mbfipig dnfngdig (isgi`) mbgdig obocbrhjig prhnrhtis yigd fbchl thgddh cidh jbfnopnj oisyirijit yigd
38
thmij oiopu (`ijhr mig ohsjhg). Irthgyi jbfnopnj-jbfnopnj fihg mhfuir mbfipig dnfngdig hgh thmij cbrlij obgmipitjig zijit, sblhgddi sigdit fndhs cilwi miopij mirh zijit mipit obgdurigdh jbohsjhgig. 3. pbougdutig mig pbgduopufig mirh zijit mhiochf mig mhpbrnfbl mirh cbrcidih oiaio suocbr mig jbdhitig bjngnoh oisyirijit. ois yirijit. Qbpbrth yigd mhkbfisjig pimi lirti yigd wikhc mhzijith. Ciljig ugtuj jngtbjs sbjirigd, zijit mipit mhiochf mirh isbt `hgigshif oiupug lishf jbilfhig tbrtbgtu. Qhgdjitgyi zijit obohfhjh pntbgsh yigd sigdit cbsir mifio suocigdshlgyi obgdurigdh jbohsjhgig. 1.
zijit obrupijig sbsuitu yigd mhtugihjig nfbl sbthip ousfho yigd obohfhjh jbfbchlig lirti sbairi tbrus-obgbrus sblhgddi hi ijig obgkimh kiohgig cidh pbgbrhoiig migi zijit sbairi stichf khji mhjbfnfi mbgdig cihj. Mbgdig mbohjhig, jngmhsh stichf pbgbrhoiig zijit tbrsbcut ijig turut pufi obgkiohg miyi tilig mig cbrjbfigkutig ( sustihgichfhty ( sustihgichfhty)) prndrio-prndrio pbgdbgtisig jbohsjhgig. Mbgdig pbgdbrthig fihg, suocbr pbochiyiig prndrio pbgigddufigdig jbohsjhgig yigd cbrisif mirh zijit thmij ijig pbrgil lichs jirbgi sbfioigyi uoit Hsfio ijig sbfifu obgdbfuirjig zijit. Obgurut [ijirhi mig Oifbj (359=; =9), obgyitijig cilwi imigyi
pbgbouig yigd obocbrh pbtugkuj jbpimi hgsthtush zijit cilwi cigtuig zijit thmij sblirusgyi ligyi mifio cbgtuj yigd tbfil mhtbtipjig, tbtiph cnfbl
kudi
mhcbrhjig
mifio
cbgtuj
jbpbrfuig
fihg
sbpbrth
yigd
15
obopbrthgdjitjig tilip jbidioiig, obopbrbritjig lucugdig snshif, obocbrh jursus mig onthvish sbrti obgiocil cihj tiri` jblhmupig. Obgurut Siloig mig Igwir (3591; 83) hgsthtush zijit cbrtigddugd kiwic mifio obocbrhjig zijit jbpimi pbgbrhoi zijit sbcidihoigi yigd tbfil mhtbtipjig mh mifio if-Yurig yihtu jbpimi `ijhr, ohsjhg, ouiffi`, `hsichfhffil, `hsichfhffil, hcgu sichf , dlirhohg, dlirhohg, cumij mig iohf. Ubocbrhig zijit jbpimi pbgbrhoi zijit mipit cbrupi cigtuig pbgmhmhjig. Cigtuig pbgmhmhjig obrupijig sifil situ cbgtuj cigtuig tbrpbgthgd jbpimi dnfngdig `ijhr mig ohsjhg jirbgi pbgmhmhjig sifil situ lif yigd mipit obgducil jblhmupig mig obgdbfuirjig dnfngdig hgh mirh jbohsjhgig. Mhsbcicjig nfbl jbpbgthgdig pbgmhmhjig hgh jbpimi dnfngdig `ijhr mig ohsjhg, oiji hgsthtush zijit obfijsigijig pbrigig yigd pbgthgd mifio oboisthjig dnfngdig `ijhr ohsjhg hgh obgmipit pbfuigd pbgmhmhjig mig cbrkiyi sbpbrth nrigd fihg. ]brmipit cbcbripi jisus mhfipnrjig pimi iwif tilug 3591, mhoigi igij-igij `ijhr ohsjhg hgh thmij mipit obgbrusjig pbrsbjnfilig jirigi didif obfugisjig hurig pbrsbjnfilig obrbji. Obgurut fipnrig juthpig mig pbocbrhig zijit mh Qbfigdnr tilug 3593, sbcigyij 30.508 jbfuirdi `ijhr mig ohsjhg tbfil mhmiti. Mbgdig mbohjhig, cbcbripi prndrio dhit mhkifigjig mh kifigjig cidh obgdurigdjig igdji `ijhr mig ohsjhg mirh tilug jb tilug obfifuh prndrio pbocigdugig snshif, prndrio pbocigdugig
bjngnoh,
prndrio
pbocigdugig
pbgmhmhjig,
prndrio
pbocigdugig hgsig mig kudi prndrio pbocigdugig hgsthtush idioi. ]ukuig mhimijig prndrio pbocigdugig pbgmhmhjig nfbl Fbocidi [ijit Qbfigdnr
19
(F[Q) imifil ugtuj obfilhrjig dbgbrish isgi` yigd abobrfigd mig cbcis mirh pimi jbohsjhgig mh Qbfigdnr (Siloig mig mig Igwir, 3591; 8<). Obgurut Siloig mig Igwir (3591; 8<), fipnrig Ubgdurusig [ijit Qbfigdnr tilug 355< obgyitijig suocigdig yigd cbrjbfigkutig yigd mhcbrhjig nfbl F[Q sbobgkij tilug 355< lhgddi sbjirigd hifil suocigdig pijihig sbjnfil mh iwif tilug pbrsbjnfilig. F[Q tbfil obocbrhjig suocigdig pijihig jbpimi =< pbfikir Qbjnfil Obgbgdil Jbcigdsiig (QOJ) Qhkigdjigd Kiyi sbairi tilugig. Ubgybrilig suocigdig pijihig sbjnfil hgh mhliripjig mipit obgyugthj sboigdit piri pbfikir mirh dnfngdig isgi` `ijhr mig ohsjhg supiyi fbchl cbrsugddul-sugddul mifio pbfikirig mig cbfikir fbchl tbjug mifio obghgdjitjig prbstish pbfikirig obrbji. Obgurut Siloig mig Igwir (3591; 88), usili F[Q hgh mhfhlit tbfil obgiopijjig lishf yihtu igij-igij `ijhr mig ohsjhg yigd obgmipit prbstish mirh tilug jb tilug. Hgh obocbrhjig diocirig cilwi jbohsjhgig cujig fidh obgkimh pbgdlifigd ugtuj dnfngdig `ijhr ` ijhr mig ohsjhg hgh ugtuj obfigkutjig pbfikirig jb pbrhgdjit yigd fbchl thgddh. Jbcbrlishfig igij-igij `ijhr mig ohsjhg hgh obgkimh jbcigddiig jbpimi F[Q sbrti pbociyir zijit, sbrti obrbji obgkimh angtnl jbpimi igij-igij fihg mifio obocujthjig cilwi migi zijit mipit obfilhrjig fbchl rioih fidh igij-igij yigd cbrkiyi mig abobrfigd mifio pbgmhmhjig. G. Urnsbs Qtnjisthj
Obgurut Xbrhzng (3554; 19), prnsbs stnjisthj imifil lhopugig pbucil iaij yigd obrupijig `ugdsh mirh wijtu, mhsbcut kudi prnsbs iaij.
13
Lhopugig lirdi-lirdi yigd ougdjhg ugtuj suitu pbucil iaij prnsbs stnjisthj
≢ ,
∌ ∌ ?
,
sbcidih sbcuil cirhsig pbucil iaij, yihtu ugtuj sbthip
mirh suitu
9 mhsbcut ruigd stitb ( stitb stitb spiab). spiab). Obgurut
Shbsjb mig Qiptn (3593;4), prnsbs stnjisthj
pbucil iaij
( ), mhoigi imifil wijtu, ghfih pbucil iaij
mbgdig jbimiig pimi siit , lhopugig hgmbjs mirh prnsbs stnjisthj
mhmb`hghshjig obopugyih
mhgioih mhgioih
mhsbcut ruigd piriobtbr itiu ruigd
.
Obgurut Shbsjb mig Qiptn (3593; <-8), jfish`hjish prnsbs stnjisthj imifil; (9) prnsbs stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht (3) prnsbs stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr jngthgu mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht (1) prnsbs stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht mig ruigd jbimiig jngthgu (=) prnsbs stnjisthj mbgdig ruigd piriobtbr jngthgu mig ruigd jbimiig jngthgu. Mifio pbgbfhthig hgh, obgddugijig ruigd piriobtbr mhsjrht cbrupi wijtu pbociyirig zijit, mig ruigd jbimiig mhsjrht cbrupi kuofil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, pbgbrhoi zijit. N.
Sigtih Oirjnv
Obgurut Mbgghs (3551), sifil situ kbghs jlusus mirh prnsbs stnjisthj hifil rigtih Oirjnv yigd obrupijig suitu prnsbs stnjisthj mhoigi thgdjil fiju mirh suitu prnsbs oisi yigd ijig mitigd ligyi tbrdigtugd pimi thgdjil fiju oisi sbjirigd mig thmij mhpbgdirulh nfbl thgdjil fiju oisi fifu. Mifio igifhshs rigtih oirjnv yigd mhlishfjig imifil suitu hg`nroish prncichfhsthj
11
yigd mipit mhdugijig ugtuj obocigtu pbocuitig jbputusig. Kimh igifhshs hgh cujig suitu tbjghj npthoish obfihgjig suitu tbjghj mbsjrhpth`. Obgurut Snss (9880; 901) sbcuil prnsbs stnjisthj
… … ∓ ∓∓ … ∓ … ∓ ,
? 5,9, 5,9,3, 3,
mhsbcut rigtih Oirjnv khji ; mhsbcut +9
?
5
?
?
5,
,
+9
?
9
?
9,
?
?
?
ugtuj sbthip wijtu
mig sbthip jbimiig ( stitb); stitb);
5,
,
9
, . Irthgyi
pbfuigd tbrkimhgyi jbkimhig pimi lirh hgh ligyi cbrdigtugd cbrdigtugd pimi jbkimhig lirh jboirhg yihtu
5,
9,
,
9,
jbkimhig bsnj ligyi cbrdigtugd pimi lirh hgh
mig cbdhtu sbtbrusgyi. U.
Oitrhjs Ubfuigd ]rigshsh mirh Sigtih Oirjnv
Obgurut ]iyfnr (98<=; 955), oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh yihtu suitu oitrhjs yigd obouit pbrphgmilig shstbo mirh situ stitb jb stitb jb stitb fihg, stitb fihg, ugsurugsur mirh oitrhjs tbrsbcut obgugkujjig cbsirgyi pbfuigd pbrphgmilig suitu shstbo mirh situ stitb jb stitb stitb fihggyi. Obgurut Xnligbs (3558), rigtih Oirjnv tbrmb`hghsh nfbl oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshshgyi. Oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh sbrhgd mhsbcut kudi oitrhjs stnjisthj jirbgi pbfuigd trigshsh
mig thmij cbrdigtugd pimi wijtu , mhoigi
imifil tbtip
imifil pbfuigd trigshsh situ
figdjil yigd cbrdbrij mirh jbimiig jb jb jbimiig . Oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh kudi obrupijig oitrhjs sbdh. Obfifuh oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh mipit mhtbgtujig jfish`hjish
pimi rigtih Oirjnv. Oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh
rigtih Oirjnv tbrcidh itis 3 kbghs hifil sbcidih cbrhjut;
1=
9.
Oitrhjs Ubfuigd ]rigshsh Qitu Figdjil
Sigtih Oirjnv obopugyih pbfuigd trigshsh situ figdjil yihtu pbfuigd
+9
imi pimi stitb , khji mhjbtiluh
mhgntishjig mbgdig
?
+9
?
?
imi pimi stitb mig
. Ghfih-ghfih
mipit
mhsikhjig mifio cbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh (OU]) sb cidih cbrhjut;
…… ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ … ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ ≢ … ∗ … U55 U95
U59 U99
U53 U93
U51 U91
Uh5
Uh9
Uh3
Uh1
U ? Uhk ?
5 ugtuj , ? 5,9, 5,9,3, 3,
mhoigi ?5
? 9 ugtuj ? 5,9, 5,9,3, 3,
mirh oitrhjs trigshsh mipit mhfijujig igifhshs figdjil pbrtioi ugtuj obgbgtujig riti-riti jbmitigdig mirh stitb mirh stitb iwif iwif obguku stitb obguku stitb cbrhjutgyi cbrhjutgyi mig pbfuigd tbrsbrip mirh suitu rigtih Oirjnv (]iyfnr, 988<; 80).
3.
Oitrhjs Ubfuigd ]rigshsh g-figdjil
Lhffbr mig Fhcbroig (355<) obgmb`hghshjig cilwi pbfuigd trigshsh g-figdjil
( )
imifil pbfuigd cbrsyirit suitu shstbo yigd
cbrimi pimi stitb ijig cbrimi pimi stitb sbtbfil prnsbs obgdifioh
trigshsh.
Obgurut Xbrhzng (3554;12), pbfuigd trigshsh
-figdjil mirh Sigtih
Oirjnv ijig obobgulh pbrsioiig Alipoig-Jnfondnrnv cbrhjut;
∗ ∓ ( )
(
?
?5
9)
12
≥ …… ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ ⋧ … ⋧ ⋧ ∓⋧ ⋧ ∓
mhoigi mhmb`hghshjig sbcidih cbrhjut ; mbgdig jiti fihg
( )
(5)
(g)
U55 (g)
U59 (g)
U53 (g)
U51 (g)
U95 (g)
U99 (g)
U93 (g)
U91 (g)
Uh5 (g)
Uh9 (g)
Uh3 (g)
Uh1 (g)
Obgurut Snss (9880; 90<), U (g) ? U. U (g Y.
( )
imifil bfbobg oitrhjs
U (g) ? ph,k ?
9, 9, ? 5,
?
9)
? U. U. U . U (g
3)
? Ug .
Jfish`hjish mirh ruigd jbimiig
( )
Jbimiig
mhjitijig mipit mhijsbs (iaabsshcfb (iaabsshcfb)) mirh jbimiig khji
7 5 ugtuj suitu
≢
⟰
5, mig mhgntishjig mbgdig
. Ijhcitgyi,
jbimiig k mipit mhijsbs mirh jbimiig khji mig ligyi khji mhoufih mirh
jbimiig prnsbs prnsbs ijig oisuj jb jbimiig . Khji jbimiig thmij thmij mipit mhijsbs
mirh jbimiig oiji oiji pbfuigd oisuj jb jbimiig mirh jbimiig imifil imifil gnf. Khji jbimiig mipit mipit mhaipih mirh jbimiig k mig jbimiig k mipit mhaipih mirh jbimiig h oiji mui jbimiig
mig yigd sifhgd ijsbs situ sioi fihg hgh
mhjitijig cbrjnoughjish (anooughaitb ( anooughaitb)) mbgdig gntish 90<).
↝
. (Snss, 9880;
Obgurut Xbrhzng (3554; 28) mig Xnligbs (3558), jngsbp jnoughjish
↝ ↝ ↝ ↝ ↝ ↝
obrupijig suitu rbfish bjhvifbg yihtu; (9)
9
mhsbcut mhsbcut rb`fbjsh` yihtu
mhrhgyi sbgmhrh (3) khji
oiji
(5)
?
5
?
5
?
?
oigipug cbrjnoughjish mbgdig
mhsbcut shobtrh jirbgi mipit
mhijsbs mirh mig mipit mhijsbs mirh (1) (1) khji
mig mig
oiji
mhsbcut trigshth`. Quitu lhopugig mhsbcut jbfis jnoughjish khji sboui
10
jbimiig mh lhopugig tbrsbcut sifhgd cbrjnoughjish. Mbgdig rbfish bjhvifbg
↝
( ), ruigd jbimiig suitu rigtih Oirjnv tbrmhrh mirh jbfis-jbfis bjhvifbg. Khji suitu rigtih Oirjnv ligyi obohfhjh situ jbfis bjhvifbg mig sboui jbimiiggyi sifhgd cbrjnoughjish, oiji rigtih Oirjnv tbrsbcut mhsbcut tij tbrbmujsh (hrrbmuahcfb (hrrbmuahcfb). ). S.
Qh`it-sh`it Jbimiig
Obgurut Qyulimi (3599; 9<), ugtuj sbthip jbimiig pbfuigd cilwi mhoufih mirh jbimiig
prnsbs ijig pbrgil jbocifh jb
jbimiig . Jbimiig mhjitijig mhjitijig rbaaurbgt khji khji khji
, ohsifjig
? 9 mig mhjitijig trigshbgt
6 9. Qh`it-sh`it jbimiig tbrcidh itis; (9) khji jbimiig rbaurrbgt rbaurrbgt oiji oiji
prnsbs mhoufih mirh jbimiig mig prnsbs ijig jbocifh jb jbimiig tbrus obgbrus sbcigyij tij lhgddi jifh mbgdig pbfuigd situ, (3) khji jbimiig
trigshbgt oiji sbthip jifh prnsbs jbocifh jb jbimiig
jbougdjhgig (pbfuigd yigd pnshth`) sbcbsir 9
∓
, tbrmipit
cilwi prnsbs thmij
pbrgil jbocifh jb jbimiig . Mbgdig mbohjhig, mhoufih mirh jbimiig pbfuigd cilwi prnsbs cbrimi mh
∓ ∓ ≢ 9
9
,
Jbimiig h imifil ;
]rigshbgt khji khji
∓
,
pbrhnmb/jifh imifil
9. Cigyij pbrhnmb cilwi pnsbs ijig cbrimi mh jbimiig
imifil pbucil iaij dbnobtrhj mbgdig piriobtbr 9 9
Sbaurrbgt khji khji
sbcigyij tbpit
.
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ( )
?
( )
6
?5
?5
Uimi rigtih Oirjnv mbgdig jbimiig lhgddi, thmij sboui jbimiig cbrsh`it trigshbgt . Khji jbimiig
rbaurrbgt mig jbimiig cbrjnoughjish
14
mbgdig jbimiig
oiji jbimiig rbaurrbgt . Qboui jbimiig pimi rigtih
Oirjnv (lhgddi) yigd thmij mipit mhrbmujsh imifil rbaurrbgt. (Qyulimi, 3599;98).
CIC HHH OB]NMNFNDH UBGBFH]HIG I. Kbghs Ubgbfhthig
Ubgbfhthig hgh obrupijig pbgbfhthig tbripig yigd mhiwifh mbgdig obgdigifhshs tbnrh-tbnrh yigd rbfivig tbrlimip pbroisifilig yigd mhcilis cbrmisirjig pimi jikhig jbpustijiig, yigd mhhjuth mbgdig pbgdiochfig miti mig pbgbripiggyi tbrlimip miti mbgdig obgddugijig onmbf stnjisthj rigtih Oirjnv. Ubgbfhthig tbripig obrupijig pbgbfhthig yigd cbrtukuig ugtuj obobailjig itiu obocbrhjig snfush itis suitu pbroisifilig mhoigi cbrmisirjig pimi jbimiig mig jbgyitiig yigd tbrkimh mifio jblhmupig sblirh-lirh. C. Kbghs mig Quocbr Miti
Kbghs miti mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil miti prhobr, yihtu miti yigd mhmipit mirh suocbr pbrtioi, cihj mirh hgmhvhmu itiu pbrsbnrigdig sbpbrth lishf wiwigairi itiu lishf pbgdhshig jubshngbr yigd chisi mhfijujig nfbl pbgbfhth (Qudhirtn,3551; 90). Miti prhobr pimi pbgbfhthig hgh imifil miti tbgtigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mbgdig stumh jisus Jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh. Quocbr miti mifio pbgbfhthig hgh mhpbrnfbl mirh hg`nroish mirh wiwigairi yigd mhfijujig jbpimi rbspngmbg obgdbgih mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yihtu wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit, mig pbgbrhoi zijit.
1<
18
A. Unpufish mig Qiopbf
9.
Unpufish Unpufish obrupijig jbsbfurulig nckbj pbgbfhthig (Irhjugtn, 3595; 941). Unpufish mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil pnpufish cbrlhgddi, mhoigi pnpufishgyi imifil sbfurul jbpifi jbfuirdi yigd thgddif mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh yigd cbridioi Hsfio sbcigyij 9849 jbpifi jbfuirdi.
3.
Qiopbf Qiopbf imifil sbcidhig itiu wijhf pnpufish yigd mhtbfhth (Irhjugtn, 3595; 94=). Uimi pbgbfhthig hgh, siopbf yigd mhdugijig imifil sbcidhig jbpifi jbfuirdi yigd thgddif mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh yigd cbridioi Hsfio. ]bjghj pbgdiochfig siopbf pimi pbgbfhthig hgh imifil iahmbgtif siopfhgd. Obgurut Qudhyngn (3593; <2) tbjghj iaahmbgtif siopfhgd imifil pbohfhlig siopbf yigd mhfijujig
tbrlimip
nrigd
itiu
cbgmi
yigd jbcbtufig imi itiu
mhkuopih. Kimh, mifio pbgbfhthig hgh siopbf yigd mhdugijig imifil jbpifi jbfuirdi yigd thgddif mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh yigd cbridioi Hsfio yigd sbairi jbcbtufig mhtbouh pbgbfhth. Imipug figdjil mifio obgbgtujig kuofil siopbf imifil mbgdig obgddugijig ruous sfnvhg yihtu ;
?
mhoigi ;
.
3
+9
=5
g ? kuofil siopbf G ? kuofil pnpufish m ? prbshsh ( mhtbtipijg 95% mbgdig thgdjit jbpbraiyiig 85%) sblhgddi mhmipit kuofil siopbf sbcigyij ;
?
9849 ? 82,9 82,94 4 9849. 9849. (5,9) (5,9)3 + 9
≌
80
M. Pirhicbf Ubgbfhthig
Pirhicbf yigd mhdugijig mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil sbcidih cbrhjut ;
9.
Tikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3592 (
3.
Tikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3592 (
1.
Ubgbrhoi zijit tilug 3592 (
=.
Tikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3590 ( 9 )
2.
Tikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3590 (
0.
Ubgbrhoi zijit tilug 3590 ( 1 )
B. ]bjghj Ubgduopufig Miti
1)
9)
3)
3)
Uimi pbgbfhthig hgh tbjghj pbgduopufig miti yigd mhdugijig imifil wiwigairi. Obgurut Irh`hg (98<<; 2=), wiwigairi imifil sifil situ tbjghj pbgduopufig mig pbgaititig miti, hg`nroish, mig itiu pbgmipit yigd mhfijujig obfifuh pbraijipig mig tigyi kiwic, cihj figdsugd oiupug thmij figdsugd mbgdig suocbr miti. @.
Hgstruobg Hgstruobg Ubgbfhthig
Hgstruobg
pbgbfhthig yigd
mhdugijig imifil pbrtigyiig cbgtuj
thmij cbrstrujtur mifio wiwigairi. Obgurut Irh`hg (98<<; 2=), pbrtigyiig
=9
cbgtuj thmij cbrstrujtur mifio wiwigairi yihtu pbrtigyiig yigd cbrsh`it tbrcuji mhoig rbspngmbg sbair cbcis obgkiwic pbrtigyiig tbrsbcut. Mifio ukh anci hgstruobg pbgbfhthig mhfijujig pimi cbcbripi rbspngmbg ugtuj obgmipitjig vifhmhtis mig rbifhchfhtis hgstruobg yigd ijig mhdugijig sbcidih miti ugtuj igifhshs mifio pbgirhjig jbshopufig.Pifhmhtis hgstruobg obgugkujjig sbkiul oigi suitu ifit pbgdujur htu oiopu obgdujur ipi yigd hgdhg mhujur mhujur (Qhgdirhocug, (Qhgdirhocug, 3550). 3550). Pifhmhtis yigd yigd mhdugijig mifio pbgbfhthig hgh imifil vifhmhtis jngstruj. Obgurut Qhgdirhocug (98<8; 932), ‖Pifhmhtis jngstruj imifil jbrigdji mirh suitu jngsbp yigd hgdhg mhtbfhth. Rgtuj obgairh jbrigdji jngsbp tbrsbcut mipit mhfijujig mbgdig airi; 9. obgairh mb`hghsh-mb`hghsh jngsbp yigd mhjboujijig piri ilfh ilfh mifio fhtbritur, sbpbrth yigd tbfil mhkbfisjig pimi virhicbf pbgbfhthig, 3. khji thmij mipit mhpbrnfbl mb`hghsh jngsbp yigd mhujur, obgmhsjushjig jngsbp tbrsbcut mbgdig ilfh yigd cbrjnopbtbg mh chmigd jngsbp yigd ijig mhujur, mig itiu 1. obgigyijig mb`hghsh jngsbp yigd ijig mhujur jbpimi aifng rbspngmbg. ‟ Jirbgi vifhmhtis yigd mhdugijig imifil vifhmhtis jngstruj, oiji ugtuj obgdujur jbvifhmig suitu hgstruobg pbgbfhthig mhdugijig vifhmitnr. Obgurut Irh`hg (98<<; 22), figdjil-figdjil pbgdiochfig miti obgddugijig wiwigairi mbgdig cbgtuj pbrtigyiig thmij cbrstrujtur imifil sbcidih cbrhjut; 9.
Obocuit jhsh-jhsh itiu fiynut pbmnoig wiwigairi
=3
]icbf 9. Fiynut pbmnoig wiwigairi
Gn
Oisifil
]ukuig
9
Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit (wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit itiu wikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit)
Obgdbtiluh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit (wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit itiu wikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit)
Ubrtigyiig
Cbgtuj pbrtigyiig
9. Ipijil pimi tilug ]hmij 3592 cipij/ hcu Cbrstrujtur obociyir zijit oif(lirti)> Khji kiwicig hyi, kbghs lirti ipi yigd cipij/hcu zijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obgdlhtugd zijit mirh lirti tbrsbcut> Cbripi mirh lirti tbrsbcut yigd mhzijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obociyirjig zijit tbrsbcut> Khji kiwicig thmij, ipijil ifisig thmij obociyir zijit oif > 3. Jboigi cipij/hcu ]hmij obociyirjig zijit oif cbrstrujtur pimi tilug 3592 tbrsbcut>
Pifhm
]hmij Pifhm
Jbt
=1
1. Ipijil pimi tilug 3590 cipij/ hcu obociyir zijit oif(lirti)> Khji kiwicig hyi, kbghs lirti ipi yigd cipij/hcu zijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obgdlhtugd zijit mirh lirti tbrsbcut> Cbripi mirh lirti tbrsbcut yigd mhzijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obociyirjig zijit tbrsbcut>
]hmij Cbrstrujtur
Khji kiwicig thmij, ipijil ifisig thmij obociyir zijit oif > =. Jboigi cipij/hcu obociyirjig zijit oif pimi tilug 3590 tbrsbcut> 2. Obgurut cipij/hcu, ipijil stigmir mirh pbociyirig zijit oif>
]hmij cbrstrujtur
0. Ipijil tukuig mirh zijit oif>
]hmij cbrstrujtur
]hmij cbrstrujtur
==
4. Ipijil cipij/hcu ]hmij obgdbtiluh cbrstrujtur pbgmhstrhcushig zijit oif tbrsbcut> <. Ipi siki yigd obgkimh ]hmij suocbr pbgdlishfig mirh cbrstrujtur cipij/hcu> 3
Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit (Ubgbrhoi zijit)
Obgdbtiluh stitus 9. Ipijil pimi tilug ]hmij oisyirijit tbrjiht 3592 cipij/ hcu cbrstrujtur zijit (Ubgbrhoi obgbrhoi zijit zijit) oif(lirti)> 3. Mirhoigi cipij/hcu ]hmij obgbrhoi zijit oif pimi cbrstrujtur tilug 3592 tbrsbcut> 1. Rgtuj ipi zijit oif tbrsbcut cipij/hcu dugijig>
]hmij cbrstrujtur
=. Ipijil pimi tilug ]hmij 3590 cipij/ hcu cbrstrujtur obgbrhoi zijit oif(lirti)> 2. Mirhoigi cipij/hcu ]hmij obgbrhoi zijit oif pimi cbrstrujtur tilug 3590 tbrsbcut>
=2
0. Rgtuj ipi zijit oif tbrsbcut cipij/hcu dugijig>
]hmij cbrstrujtur
4. Ipi siki yigd obgkimh ]hmij suocbr pbgdlishfig mirh cbrstrujtur cipij/hcu> <. Obgurut cipij/hcu, ipijil yigd obgkimh syirit mirh pbgbrhoi zijit>
]hmij cbrstrujtur
=0
3.
Obgyusug pbrtigyiig sbsuih mbgdig miti yigd mhpbrfujig mig cbgtuj pbrtigyiig yigd mhhgdhgjig.
1.
Obfijsigijig
ukh
anci
mbgdig
obfhlit
jbfboilig-jbfboilig
pbrtigyiig yigd mhsusug sblhgddi mipit mhpbrcihjh fidh ugtuj sbfigkutgyi ciru mhfijsigijig jbocifh. =.
Obocuit pbmnoig wiwigairi ]icbf 3. @nroit Ubmnoig wiwigairi Gn
Ubrtigyiig
9
Ipijil pimi tilug 3592 cipij/ hcu obociyir zijit oif(lirti)> Khji kiwicig hyi, kbghs lirti ipi yigd cipij/hcu zijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obgdlhtugd zijit mirh lirti tbrsbcut> Cbripi mirh lirti tbrsbcut yigd mhzijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obociyirjig zijit tbrsbcut> Khji kiwicig thmij, ipijil ifisig thmij obociyir zijit oif > Jboigi cipij/hcu obociyirjig zijit oif pimi tilug 3592 tbrsbcut>
3 1
=
2
Ipijil pimi tilug 3590 cipij/ hcu obociyir zijit oif(lirti)> Khji kiwicig hyi, kbghs lirti ipi yigd cipij/hcu zijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obgdlhtugd zijit mirh lirti tbrsbcut> Cbripi mirh lirti tbrsbcut yigd mhzijitjig> Cidihoigi airi obociyirjig zijit tbrsbcut> Khji kiwicig thmij, ipijil ifisig thmij obociyir zijit oif > Jboigi cipij/hcu obociyirjig zijit oif pimi tilug 3590 tbrsbcut> Obgurut cipij/hcu, ipijil stigmir
Shgdjisig Kiwicig
Jbt
=4
mirh pbociyirig zijit oif> 0 4
<
8
95
99
93
91
9=
92
90
Ipijil tukuig mirh zijit oif> Ipijil cipij/hcu obgdbtiluh pbgmhstrhcushig zijit oif tbrsbcut> Ipi siki yigd obgkimh suocbr pbgdlishfig mirh cipij/hcu> Ipijil pimi tilug 3592 cipij/ hcu obgbrhoi zijit oif(lirti)> Mirhoigi cipij/hcu obgbrhoi zijit oif pimi tilug 3592 tbrsbcut> Rgtuj ipi zijit oif tbrsbcut cipij/hcu dugijig> Ipijil pimi tilug 3590 cipij/ hcu obgbrhoi zijit oif(lirti)> Mirhoigi cipij/hcu obgbrhoi zijit oif pimi tilug 3590 tbrsbcut> Rgtuj ipi zijit oif tbrsbcut cipij/hcu dugijig> Ipi siki yigd obgkimh suocbr pbgdlishfig mirh cipij/hcu> Obgurut cipij/hcu, ipijil yigd obgkimh syirit mirh pbgbrhoi zijit>
D. Igifhshs Miti
Obgddugijig figdjil-figdjil sbcidih cbrhjut; 9.
Mirh miti yigd imi, mhtboujig kuofil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, kuofil wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, mig pbgbrhoi zijit tilug 3592 mig 3590, mig pbrucilig stitus obrbji tbrjiht zijit pimi tilug 3592 mig 3590. Miti yigd mhpbrnfbl mhsusug mifio cbgtuj ticbf sbcidih cbrhjut;
=<
]icbf 1.
@nroit Kuofil Mhgiohji Mhgiohji Qtitus Qtitus Oisyirijit Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg 3590
Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit 3592
Kuofil rbspngmbg tilug 3590 Jbtbrigdig ;
99 39 19 9
93 33 13 3
91 31 11 1
Kuofil rbspngmbg tilug 3592
9 3 1
]ntif
? Kuofil rbspngmbg mbgdig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tilug
3.
3592
? Kuofil rbspngmbg mbgdig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tilug 3590
? Kuofil mhgiohji mhgiohji mirh stitb h jb stitb k, mbgdig h ? 9,3,...,4 9,3,...,4 : k ? 9,3,...,4
Qbfigkutgyi cbrmisirjig ticbf kuofil mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit nfbl rbspngmbg mhcbgtuj ticbf pbfuigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit nfbl rbspngmbg sbcidih cbrhjut ;
=8
]icbf =.
@nroit Ubfuigd Mhgiohji Mhgiohji Qtitus Qtitus Oisyirijit Oisyirijit ]brjiht ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg
Jb
Mirh
99
93
91
39
33
31
19
13
11
Jbtbrigdig ;
9
3
1
? pbfuigd mhgiohji pimi jbkimhig
+9
?
?
1
?
?9
1.
Cbrmisirjig ticbf pbfuigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit nfbl rbspngmbg mh itis, oiji mipit mhcbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 9 figdjil sbcidih cbrhjut;
U ? Uhk
=.
U99 ? U39 U19
U93 U33 U13
U91 U31 U11
Obgairh pbfuigd 2-figdjil Mhjirbgijig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yigd mhcilis sbcigyij thdi kbghs sbpbrth yigd tbrfhlit pimi oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 9 figdjil, mig yigd mhairh imifil pbfuigd 2-figdjil, oiji obgddugijig pbrsioiig Alipoig-Jnfondnrnv cbrhjut;
∓ (2)
1
2 9
?
?5
25
≥
mhoigi mhmb`hghshjig sbcidih cbrhjut ; mbgdig jiti fihg
?
imifil bfbobg oitrhjs
(2)
U(2) ? ph,k
2.
(5)
9, 9, ? 5,
2
U99 (2)
U93 (2)
U91 (2)
? U39 (2)
U33 (2)
U31 (2)
U19 (2)
U13 (2)
U11 (2)
Obfhlit sh`it mirh jbimiig Khji tbrkimh tbrkimh jbimiig jbimiig
tbrus jbocifh jbocifh jb jbimiig jbimiig mbgdig mbgdig pbfuigd
situ oiji mhsbcur rbaaurbgt . Gioug, khji tbrkimh jbimiig prnbs jbocifh jb jbimiig tbrmipit jbougdjhgig sbcbsir
sbthip jifh , prnsbs
thmij jbocifh jb jbimiig mhsbcut trigshbgt mhsbcut trigshbgt (cbrphgmil). (cbrphgmil). Sbaaurbgt ]rigshbgt 0.
∗∗ ∗ ∗ ?5
?5
( )
?
( )
6
Obgdiochf jbshopufig mirh lishf yigd mhmipitjig pimi figdjil 2.
CIC HP LIQHF MIG UBOCILIQIG I. Lishf Ubgbfhthig 9. Mbsjrhpsh Miti
Miti pbgbfhthig hgh imifil miti mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tilug 3592 mig 3590 yigd mhmipit mirh rbspngmbg. Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yigd mhtbfhth imifil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3592, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit tilug 3592, pbgbrhoi zijit tilug 3592, wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit tilug 3590, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit 3590, mig pbgbrhoi zijit tilug 3590, sbpbrth yigd tbrfhlit pimi fiophrig 1. Jboumhig ugtuj obopbroumil mbsjrhsh miti tbrsbcut, oiji mipit mhcbgtuj urihig mirh kuofil rbspngmbg stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit tilug 3590 mig tilug 3592 obgkimh miti pbrphgmilig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mirh stitus yigd situ jb stitus yigd fihggyi, tbrfhlit pimi ]icbf 2 cbrhjut ; ]icbf 2. Kuofil Mhgiohji Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg 3590 Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit 3592
Kuofil rbspngmbg tilug 3590
Kuofil rbspngmbg tilug 3592
32
2
=
1=
99 2
3< 3
1 91
=3 35
=9
12
35
80
29
23
Uimi ]icbf 2 mipit mhfhlit cilwi cilwi kuofil rbspngmbg yigd tbtip pimi suitu stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yihtu tbrmipit pimi stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit sbcigyij 32 rbspngmbg, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit sbcigyij 3< rbspngmbg, mig pbgbrhoi zijit sbcigyij 91 rbspngmbg. Qbobgtiri kuofil rbspngmbg yigd cbrphgmil mirh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit situ jb stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit fihggyi, sbpbrth pimi stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit sbcigyij 8 nrigd, mhoigi rbspngmbg tbrsbcut sbcbfuogyi imi yigd cbrphgmil jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit sbcigyij 2 rbspngmbg, pbgbrhoi zijit sbcigyij = rbspngmbg. Rgtuj kuofil rbspngmbg yigd cbrphgmil mirh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit situ jb stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit fihggyi, pimi stitus wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit sbcigyij 9= nrigd, mhoigi rbspngmbg tbrsbcut sbcbfuogyi imi yigd cbrphgmil jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit sbcigyij 99 rbspngmbg, pbgbrhoi zijit sbcigyij 1 rbspngmbg. Qbfihg htu, kuofil rbspngmbg yigd cbrphgmil mirh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit situ jb stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit fihggyi, sbpbrth pimi stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit pbgbrhoi zijit sbcigyij 4 nrigd, mhoigi rbspngmbg tbrsbcut sbcbfuogyi imi yigd cbrphgmil jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit sbcigyij 2 rbspngmbg, wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit sbcigyij 3 rbspngmbg. 3. Lishf Igifhshs Miti i. Obgboujig Onmbf Sigtih Oirjnv
21
Obrukuj pimi ]icbf 2 mh itis, mipit mhairh oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh. Bgtrh-bgtrh oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh mh pbrnfbl sbcidih cbrhjut ;
99
?
93
?
91
?
39
?
33
?
31
?
19
?
13
?
11
?
32 1= 2 1= = 1= 99 =3 3< =3 1 =3 2 35 3 35 91 35
? 5,41 5,412 2 ? 5,9= 5,9=4 4 ? 5,99 5,99< < ? 5,3 5,303 ? 5,0 5,004 ? 5,5 5,549 ? 5,3 5,325 ? 5,9 5,955 ? 5,0 5,025
Qblhgddi sbtbfil mhjuopufjig, oiji mipit mhcbgtuj ticbf pbfuigd
pbrphgmilig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zjit nfbl rbspngmbg sbcidih cbrhjut ; ]icbf 0. Ubfuigd Mhgiohji Qtitus Qtitus Oisyirijit Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit nfbl Sbspngmbg Jb Mirh
5,412 5,303 5,325
5,9=4 5,004 5,955
5,99< 5,549 5,025
9 9 9
Cbrmisirjig ticbf pbfuigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mh itis obopbrfhlitjig cilwi pimi stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit yigd tbtip pimi stitus tbrsbcut imifil 5,412. sbobgtiri pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul
2=
obociyir zijit jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit imifil 5,9=4, mig pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit jb stitus pbgbrhoi zijit imifil 5,99<. Qbmigdjig ugtuj stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit yigd tbtip pimi stitus tbrsbcut imifil 5,412. Qbobgtiri pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit imifil 5,9=4, mig pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit jb stitus pbgbrhoi zijit imifil 5,99<. Qbfihg htu, mipit mhfhlit stitus pbgbrhoi zijit yigd tbtip pimi stitus tbrsbcut imifil 5,025. Qbobgtiri pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh pbgbrhoi zijit jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit imifil 5,325, mig pbfuigd pbrphgmilig rbspngmbg mirh pbgbrhoi zijit jb stitus wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir oboci yir zijit imifil 5,955. Oiji mipit mhcuit oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh situ figdjil mirh stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit imifil sbcidih cbrhjut ;
5,412 U ? 5,303 5,325
5,9=4 5,004 5,955
5,99< 5,549 5,025
Ubfuigd ugtuj oboprbmhjsh 3 tilug jbmbpig/ jbmbpig/ trigshsh 3 figdjil mirh siopbf hgh imifil ;
U
3
?
5.05 5.05<3 <318 1855 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.94 5.941< 1<04 0455 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.14 5.143= 3=25 2555 5555 5555 5555 555 5
5.39 5.394< 4<8= 8=55 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.=8 5.=852 5251 5155 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.90 5.90<= <=25 2555 5555 5555 5555 555 5
5.94 5.941< 1<04 0455 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.93 5.93== ==31 3155 5555 5555 5555 555 5 5.=2 5.=289 8955 5555 5555 5555 5555 555 5
22
Ubfuigd ugtuj oboprbmhjsh 1 tilug jbmbpig/ trigshsh 1 figdjil mirh siopbf hgh imifil ;
U
1
?
5.2= 5.2=40 4095 950= 0=15 1555 5555 555 5 5.== 5.==30 30=0 =083 8305 0555 5555 555 5 5.=1 5.=130 3028 2802 0255 5555 5555 555 5
5.32 5.3239 3911 1191 9195 9555 5555 555 5 5.18 5.1803 0391 9104 0485 8555 5555 555 5 5.39 5.3915 1590 9015 1555 5555 5555 555 5
5.35 5.3553 5320 2033 3305 0555 5555 555 5 5.90 5.9099 9918 1818 1825 2555 5555 555 5 5.12 5.12=1 =13= 3=52 5255 5555 5555 555 5
Ubfuigd ugtuj oboprbmhjsh = tilug jbmbpig/ trigshsh = figdjil mirh siopbf hgh imifil ;
U
=
?
5.29 5.29<0 <090 9042 428= 8=34 3455 555 5 5.=0 5.=08= 8=1< 1<13 1313 132< 2<55 555 5 5.=0 5.=031 3180 8093 932< 2<25 2555 555 5
5.30 5.30<0 <084 849< 9<2= 2=8< 8<55 555 5 5.1= 5.1=2= 2=24 2420 2092 9292 9255 555 5 5.3= 5.3=99 9992 923= 3=20 2025 2555 555 5
5.39 5.3930 30<0 <052 5225 2542 4255 555 5 5.9< 5.9<29 295= 5=99 9923 2334 3455 555 5 5.38 5.380= 0=<< <<03 03<2 <255 5555 555 5
Ubfuigd ugtuj oboprbmhjsh 2 tilug jbmbpig/ trigshsh 2 figdjil mirh siopbf hgh imifil ;
U
2
?
5.25 5.25=4 =421 21=8 =8=2 =2=< =<54 549 9 5.=< 5.=<9< 9<31 3154 5442 429< 9<19 195 5 5.=4 5.=449 4922 2225 2518 18<2 <252 525 5
5.34 5.3404 0430 3038 389< 9<45 45=1 =12 2 5.19 5.1948 481< 1<51 51<2 <243 4391 919 9 5.32 5.32<= <=== ==80 8039 398< 8<25 255 5
5.39 5.39<2 <235 3539 3912 12<9 <9=8 =8= = 5.35 5.3553 531< 1<<< <<18 1858 5822 228 8 5.30 5.30=1 =188 8821 211< 1<90 90=2 =25 5
Mipit mhfhlit sh`it mirh jbimiig jbkimhig tbrsbcut imifil;
2
( ) ?5 99 99
?
(5) 99 99
+
(9) 99 99
+
(3) 99 99
+
(1) 99 99
+
(=) 99 99
+
(2) 99 99
? 9 + 5,41 5,412 2 + 5.05 5.05<3 <318 1855 5555 5555 5555 555 5
+5.2=409 +5.2=40950= 50=155 155555 5555 5 + 5.29<09 5.29<09042 0428=3 8=3455 4555 5+ 5.25=421=8=2=<549 ? 1,89= 1,89=39 398< 8<84 84
2
( ) ?5 33 33
?
(5) 33
+
(9) 33 33
+
(3) 33 33
+
(1) 33 33
+
(=) (2) 33 33 + 33 33
? 9 + 5,00 5,004 4 + 5.=8 5.=852 5251 5155 5555 5555 5555 555 5+
20
5.18039 5.18039104 104855 855555 5555 5+
5.1=2=2 5.1=2=2420 420929 929255 2555 5+
5.19481<51<243919 ? 1,394993348
2
( ) ?5 11
?
(5) 11 11
+
(9) 11 11
+
(3) 11 11
(1) 11 11
+
+
(=) 11 11
+
(2) 11
? 9 + 5,02 5,025 5 + 5.=2 5.=289 8955 5555 5555 5555 5555 555 5+ 5.12=13 5.12=13=52 =52555 555555 5555 5 + 5.380=< 5.380=<<03 <03<25 <25555 5555 5+ 5.30=188211<90=25 ? 1,53= 1,53=19 1933 3393 93
Mipit mhfhlit pimi miti mh itis, oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit cbrsh`it rbaaurbgt . Lif hgh cbrirth oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit obopugyih jbougdjhgig ugtuj jbocifh jb stitus sboufi mh wijtu yigd ijig mitigd. Qh`it rbaurrbgt yigd tbrmipit pimi oishgd- oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit kudi mipit mhfhlit mirh diocir cbrhjut ; 2 = 1 3 9 5 5
9
3
1
=
2
0
Diocir 9. Qh`it mirh jbimiig wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit cbrsh`it rbaurrrbgt
24
1.2 1 3.2 3 9.2 9 5.2 5 5
9
3
1
=
2
0
Diocir 3. Qh`it mirh jbimiig wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit cbrsh`it r baaurb aaurbgt
1.2 1 3.2 3 9.2 9 5.2 5 5
9
3
1
=
2
0
Diocir 1. Qh`it mirh jbimiig pbgbrhoi zijit cbrsh`it rbaurrrbgt
C. Ubocilisig
Cbrmisirjig lishf igifhshs mirh pbrucilig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit pimi fhoi tilug tbrijlhr mbgdig oboig`iitjig miti yigd imi, tbrfhlit cilwi pbfuigd sbthip wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig tbtip obociyir zijit imifil aujup cbsir. Gioug mirh tilug pbrtioi, lhgddi 2 tilug obgmitigd tbrfhlit imi jbougdjhgig pbgurugig kuofil wikhc zijit
2<
yigd pitul obociyir zijit. ]bgtugyi lif hgh obrupijig pbgdirul `ijtnr pshjnfndhs wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit mig `ijtnr pbgdlishfig yigd mhpbrnfbl sbthip tiluggyi nfbl wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit. Uimi pbfuigd pbrphgmilig wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit mifio obociyir zijit mhoisi ijig mitigd, tbrfhlit kudi ijig obgdifioh pbgurugig kuofil mifio 2 tilug obgmitigd. Cbdhtu kudi mbgdig pbgbrhoi zijit yigd tbrfhlit ijig obgdifioh jbougdjhgig pbgurugig kuofil pimi 2 tilug obgmitigd. Gioug, mipit mhfhlit mifio lif pbrphgmilig stitus yihtu wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit pimi 2 tilug obgmitigd obgdifioh jbgihjig. Cbdhtu kudi yigd tbrkimh mbgdig pbrphgmilig stitus mirh wikhc zijit yigd piul obociyir zijit obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit pimi 2 tilug obgmitigd kudi obgdifioh jbgihjig. Qbfihg htu, khji mhfhlit mirh pbrphgmilig stitus mirh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig obgdifioh jbgihjig pimi 2 tilug obgmitigd, mig yigd obgkimh nbgbrhoi zijit kudi ijig obgdifioh jbgihjig pimi 2 tilug obgmitigd. Khji mhfhlit mirh pbrphgmilig yigd tbrkimh pimi stitus pbgbrhoi zijit, oiji pbrphmilig stitus mirh pbgbrhoi zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig obgdifioh jbgihjig,mig kudi ijig tbrkimh mirh pbrphgmilgi pbgbrhoi zijit obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih fif ih obociyir zijit kudi ijig obgdifioh jbgihjig. Qblhgddi mipit mhshopufjig pimi suitu siit gigth, kuofil pbfuigd
28
wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig tbtip obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, mig wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit ijig obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit ijig ougdjhg obohfhjh cbsir pbfuigd yigd sioi. Lif hgh kudi ijig ougdjhg tbrkimh pimi stitus yigd fihg fih g yihtu wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit mig pbgbrhoi z ijit.
CIC P UBGR]RU
I. Jbshopufig Cbrmisirjig igifhshs miti mig pbocilisig mh itis, oiji mipit mhshopufjig cilwi cbgtuj onmbf stnjisthj onmbf stnjisthj mhgiohji stitus
oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh mhsikhjig mifio cbgtuj oitrhjs pbfuigd trigshsh 9 figdjil yihtu ;
5,412 U ? 5,303 5,325
5,9=4 5,004 5,955
5,99< 5,549 5,025
mbgdig urutig stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit; (9) wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, (3) wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit, (1) pbgbrhoi zijit, mhpbrnfbl cilwi oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit cbrsh`it rbaaurbgt . Lif hgh cbrirth oishgd-oishgd stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit obopugyih jbougdjhgig ugtuj jbocifh jb stitus sboufi mh wijtu yigd ijig mitigd. C. Qirig Cbrmisirjig lishf mig pbocilisig pbgbfhthig, mhcbrhjig sirig yigd sbcidih cbrhjut ; 9. pimi phlij yigd cbrwbgigd mifio lif hgh Cimig Iohf [ijit Gishngif (CI[GIQ) mig fbocidi pbgduopuf zijit fihggyi idir mhfijujig pbgyufulig tbgtigd zijit, sblhgddi wikhc zijit fbchl tbronthvish mifio obobgulh tugtutig zijit. Qbrti mhliripjig imi pbrlithig fbchl nfbl phlij phlij cbrwbgigd tbrlimip tbrlimip pbgbrhoi zijit.
05
09
3.
Uimi pbgbfhthig hgh ligyi mhtbfhth pimi mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mh jbfurilig Uulug Uhgtu Jicug Jnti Cujhtthgddh. Qb`igdjig oishl cigyij mibril fihg yigd kudi pitut mhtbfhth tbgtigd mhgiohji stitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit mh mirbril tbrsbcut. Nfbl jirbgi htu, pbgbfhth obgyirigjig pbgbfhthig hgh mipit mhjbocigdjig pimi mirbril fihg yigd aijupiggyi fbchl fuis.
03
MI@]IS URQ]IJI
Iloimh, Icu. 3551. Hfou 3551. Hfou Qnshif Misir . Kijirti; U] Shgbji Ahpti. Irh`hg, [ihgif. 98<<. Bvifuish 98<<. Bvifuish Hgstrujshngif . Cigmugd; Sboimki Jiryi. Irhjugtn, Qulirshoh. 3595. Urnsbmur 3595. Urnsbmur Ubgbfhthig Quitu Ubgmbjitig Ubgmbjitig Urijths. Urijths . Kijirti; Shgbji Ahpti. Mbgghs, D. 3551. Igifhshs Sigtih Oirjnv ugtuj Obgdbtiluh Ubfuigd Ubrphgmilig Obrbj Jirtu Qbfufbr Uri Ciyir DQO . Kurgif OHUI RGQSI] Ngfhgb 3 (9) 94-33. Lisig, O. Ifh. 355<. [ijit 355<. [ijit mig Hg`ij . Kijirti; Jbgaigi. Lhffhbr, @. Q. igm D. K, Fhbcbroig. 355<. Hgtrnmuathng 355<. Hgtrnmuathng tn Npbrithng Sbsbiral Bhdtl Bmhthng Khfhm 3. Kndkijirti; Ubgbrcht Igmh. Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH. 3591. Cuju Qiju Obgdlhtugd [ijit . Kijirti; Mhrbjtnrit Ubocbrmiyiig [ijit. Jbobgtrhig Idioi SH. 3591. Uigmuig zijit Urijths. Urijths . Kijirti; Mhrbjtnrit Ubocbrmiyiig [ijit. Figdh, Xnligbs. 3558. Ubgbgtuig Jfish`hjish Qtitb pimi Sigtih Oirjnv. Oirjnv . Kurgif Hfohil Qihgs. 8(9); 01-04. Oistur mig Ipit. 3553. ]brgyiti [ijit htu Lbcit . Kijirti Uusit; FI[HQOR. Yimhr, Icmurriloig. 3559. [ijit (Mifio mhobgsh oilmil mig snshif). snshif) . Kijirti; Siki Dri`hgmn Ubrsimi. Yirmiwh, Xusu`. 3554. Lujuo 3554. Lujuo [ijit . Kijirti; Fhtbri Igtirgusi. Siloig, Izoig Ic mig Igwir, Qhth Oirthil. 3591. Ubrigig Hgsthtush [ijit Mifio Ubocigdugig Ubgmhmhjig Ub gmhmhjig Isgi` @ijhr Mig Ohsjhg Mh Oifiyshi . Urnabbmhgd n` tlb 2tl Hsfioha Bangnohas Qystbo Ang`brbgab. Sioufyn, Onlm. Hmrhs. 9882. Lujuo 9882. Lujuo Ubrjiwhgig, Lujuo Lujuo Jbwirhsig, Lujuo Iairi Ubrimhfig Idioi mig mig [ijit . Kijirti; Qhgir Dri`hji. Shbsjb, L mig Qiptn T.H. 3593. Urnsbs 3593. Urnsbs Qtnjisthj . Cigmugd; H]C. Shtngdi, Siloig, mjj. 355<. Uigmuig 355<. Uigmuig Ubfijisigiig Ubfijisigiig [ijit . Cujhtthgddh; Obriph Cujhtthgddh. Snss, Qlbfmng O. 9880. Qtnalistha Urnabss Qbangm Bmhthng. Rghtbm Qtitb n` Iobrhai; Knlg K nlg Thfby & Qngs Hga.
01
Snss, Qlbfmng O. 9880. Qtnalistha Urnabssbs sbangm Bmhtng. Jigimi; Knlg Thfby Thf by & Qnlg, Hga. Qhgdirhocug, Oisrh.mjj . 98<8. Obtnmb Ubgbfhthig Qurvih. Xndyijirti; FU1BQ. Qudhirtn.mjj. 3551. ]bjghj Qiopfhgd . Kijirti; Driobmhi Uustiji Rtioi. Qudhyngn. 3593. 3593. Obntmb Ubgbfhthig Juigthtith`, Juifhtith`, mig S&M. Cigmugd; If`icbti Cigmugd. Qlhmmhbqy, ]. O. Lisch Isl. 98<4. Ubmnoig 98<4. Ubmnoig [ijit . Kijirti; Cufig Chgtigd. Qyulimi, Jlrbslgi H.I. 3599. Ubgdigtir Urnsbs Qtnjisthj. Cigmugd; H]C.
]iyfnr, Lnwirm mig Jirfhg,Qioubf . 988<. Ig Hgtrnmuathngtn Qtnalistha Onmbf . Gbw Xnrj; Iaimboha Urbss. Xbrhzng. 3554. Urnsbs 3554. Urnsbs stnjlisthj. Uimigd; Rghvbrshtis Gbdbrh Uimigd.
[ijirhi, Oilbrig mig Oifbj, Gur Ihg Icmuf. 359=. B``bats n` Luoig Gbbms Cisbm ng tlb Hgtbdrithng n` Gbbms is Qthpufitbm hg Oiqishm Qyirhil igm Oisfnw‘s Lhbriraly n` Gbbms ng [ijil ng [ijil Mhstrhcuthng B``hahbgay n` Isgi` n` Isgi` Isshstigab Cushgbss Urndrio. Kurgif Urndrio. Kurgif Ubgdurusig =5(359=) =5(359=) =9 ‑ =9 ‑ 23 23 Igngho. Ubfigddig. 3594 (lttp;//hm.whjhpbmhi.nrd/pbfigddig mhijsbs pimi tigddif 38 Iprhf 3594). www.cps.dn.hm, mhijsbs www.cps.dn.hm, mhijsbs pimi 3< Iprhf 3594. www.cujhtthgddhjnti.cps.dn.hm, www.cujhtthgddhjnti.c ps.dn.hm, mhijsbs pimi 35 Obh 3594. www.jbfuirdiliripig.ano, mhijsbs www.jbfuirdiliripig.ano, mhijsbs pimi 59 Kufh 3594.
0=
Fiophrig 9. Qurit Hzhg Ubgbfhthig
02
Fiophrig 3. Fbocir Pifhmish
00
04
0<
08
45
49
Fiophrig 1. ]icbf Kuofil wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit, wikhc zijit yigd thmij pitul obociyir zijit, mig pbgbrhoi zijit tilug 3592 mig 3590
Gn
Gioi Sbspngmbg
Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit ]ilug 3592
Qtitus Oisyirijit ]brjiht [ijit ]ilug 3590
9 3 1 = 2 0 4 < 8 95 99 93 91 9= 92 90 94 9< 98 35 39 33 31 3= 32 30 34 3< 38 15 19 13 11
S9 S3 S1 S= S2 S0 S4 S< S8 S95 S99 S93 S91 S9= S92 S90 S94 S9< S98 S35 S39 S33 S31 S3= S32 S30 S34 S3< S38 S15 S19 S13 S11
3 3 3 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 3 9 3 9 3 1 1 9 3 9 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 1 9 3 3 3 1 3 9 9 9 9 3 9 3 9 1 1 1 9 3 3 3 9 3 3 9 9 3 3 3
43
1= 12 10 14 1< 18 =5 =9 =3 =1 == =2 =0 =4 =< =8 25 29 23 21 2= 22 20 24 2< 28 05 09 03 01 0= 02 00 04 0< 08 45 49 43
S1= S12 S10 S14 S1< S18 S=5 S=9 S=3 S=1 S== S=2 S=0 S=4 S=< S=8 S25 S29 S23 S21 S2= S22 S20 S24 S2< S28 S05 S09 S03 S01 S0= S02 S00 S04 S0< S08 S45 S49 S43
3 9 9 3 9 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 1 3 1 9 3 1 9 1 1 3 9 1 1 9 1 3 9 9 1 3 9 3 9
3 9 9 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 1 3 3 9 9 1 9 3 1 1 9 9 1 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 1
41
41 4= 42 40 44 4< 48 <5 <9 <3 <1 <= <2 <0 <4 << <8 85 89 83 81 8= 82 80
S41 S4= S42 S40 S44 S4< S48 S<5 S<9 S<3 S<1 S<= S<2 S<0 S<4 S<< S<8 S85 S89 S83 S81 S8= S82 S80 Kuofil
1 9 3 9 3 9 1 3 1 3 9 3 1 3 1 3 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 80
1 9 1 1 9 9 3 9 1 9 3 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 3 9 1 9 80
Jbtbrigdig ; 9 ? Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit z ijit yihtu wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit 3 ? Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yihtu wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit 1 ? Qtitus oisyirijit tbrjiht zijit yihtu pbgbrhoi zijit
4=
Fiophrig =. ]rigsjrhp Tiwigairi ]rigsjrhp wiwigairi igtiri pbgbfhth mbgdig rbspngmbg S05 (wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit mh tilug 3592 mig obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit mh tilug 3590)
Ubgbfhth
S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth
S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth S05
Ubgbfhth S05 Ubgbfhth
; Issifiou‘ifihjuo Uij . Oii` obgddigddu. Qiyi Iufhyi @htlry oilishswi RGU Uimigd sbmigd obfijsigijig pbgbfhthig tbgtigd zijit oiif ugtuj ugtuj sjrhpsh siyi, cnfbl ohgti cigtuiggyi ugtuj wiwigairi sbcbgtir Uij> ; Xi cnfbl shfilig. ; Jifiu cnfbl tiu, gioi Cipij shipi Uij> ; Cipij I. ; N dhtu. Cipij I, ugtuj 9 JJ sbjirigd Cipij cbripi nrigd> ; Ciru mui nrigd shl, rbgaigigyi oiu giocil ; Cbrirth Cipij Cipij mbgdig hstrh Cipij sbjirigd yi Uij. Jifiu Cipij sbgmhrh, obgdbtiluh tbgtigd zijit `htril mig zijit lirti Uij> ; Qbmhjht cigyij tilu fil ; Jifiu ugtuj zijit lirti lirti sbgmhrh, sbgmhrh, Cipij Cipij tiu oiaio-oiaio zijit lirti Uij> Jiyij tnjn U&M Cipij hgh. ; ]ilu. Uilio. ; Jifiu cnfbl tigyi Uij, pbgdlishfig Cipij sbjbfuirdi sbjirigd ipi yi Uij> ; Ciru mirh lishf U&M hgh siki. ; Hgh drnshr itiu babrig Uij> ; Drnshr ; Jifiu ugtuj tilug 3592 mirh lishf usili hgh sbgmhrh, Cipij imi obociyirjig zijit lirtigyi Uij> ; Imi. ; Cipij obociyirgyi jboigi yi Uij> ; Jb `ijhr ohsjhg sbjhtir tbopit thgddif fil. ; Jifiu ugtuj tilug 3590 imi obociyir zijit lirti mirh U&M hgh Uij> ; Cbfuo ; Jifiu gnfbl tilu, htu ifisiggyi jbgipi yi Uij> ; Jirbgi sbjirigd tu oishl mhdugijig ugtuj onmif usili. Kimh jiyijgyi cbfuo ; Jifiu obgurut Cipij sbgmhrh, fbchl cihj obociyirjig zijiti lirti htu jb nrigdgyi itiu jb fbocidi> ; Jifiu obgurut siyi sbcihjgyi figdsugd jb nrigdgyi siki. Kimh jhti thmij cbrtigyi-tigyi jboigi chiyi htu mhciyirjig. Jifiu obfbwith fbocidi, jhti chsi ridu ipijil siopih i tiu gdijgyi. ; Jifiu Cipij sbgmhrh, tilugyi pbrsbgtish zijit lirti htu cbripi yi pij> ; Qbjhtirig 3,2%. ; Oijishl yi Uij, hg`nroishgyi.
42
S05
; Qioi-sioi.
]rigsjrhp wiwigairi igtiri pbgbfhth mbgdig rbspngmbg S== (wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit mh tilug 3592 mig obgkimh wikhc zijit yigd pitul obociyir zijit mh tilug 3590)
Ubgbfhth
S== Ubgbfhth S== Ubgbfhth S== Ubgbfhth S== Ubgbfhth S== Ubgbfhth S== Ubgbfhth S==
; Issifiou‘ifihjuo Uij . Oii` obgddigddu. Qiyi Iufhyi @htlry fidh gufhs sjrhpsh tbgtigd zijit lirti, cnfbl tiu gioi Cipij mbgdig Cipij shipi> ; S== ; Jifiu pbgdlishfig sbgmhrh sbjirigd ipi yi Uij> ; Cbgdjbf mh Uimigd Fui ; Cbgdjbf onchf yi Uij> ; Xi ; Jifiu dhtu, ugtuj tilug 3592, Cipij imi ciyir zijit lirti mirh cbgdjbf htu Uij> ; Gmij ; Jifiu 3590 Uij> ; Qiochf ciyir zijit `htril. ; N cbrirth imi yi Uij> ; Imi ; Oijishl yi Uij ; Xi
]rigsjrhp wiwigairi igtiri pbgbfhth mbgdig rbspngmbg S98 (wikhc zijit yigd fifih obociyir zijit mh tilug 3592 mig obgkimh pbgbrhoi zijit mh tilug 3590)
Ubgbfhth S98 Ubgbfhth
; ; ;
S98 Ubgbfhth S98 Ubgbfhth S98 Ubgbfhth
; ; ; ; ; ;
S98
;
Ubgbfhth
;
S98 Ubgbfhth
; ;
Issifiou‘ifihjuo Cuj . Oii` obgddigddu. Xi. Ti‘ifihjuosifio. Qiyi Iufhyi Cuj, mirh oilishswi RGU Uimigd sbmigd gufhs sjrhpsh tbgtigd zijit lirti Cuj, cnfbl wiwigairi cbgtir Cuj> Cnfbl Hcuj, mbgdig Hcuj shipi Cuj> S98 Jifiu cnfbl tilu gioi jbpifi jbfuirdi Cuj> Qiyi sbgmhrh Jifiu cnfbl tigyi, pbgdlishfig Hcuj mirh 3592 jbshgh ipi yi Cuj> 3592 usili jub/ Cijbry, tiph 3590 jbshgh gdij mi usili jirbgi siyi sijht dufi. Oii` Hcuj, mh tilug 3592 tbrsbcut Hcuj imi obociyir zijit lirti mirh usili htu Cuj> Gdij Mh tilug 3590, imi obohfhjh pbgdifioig tbgtigd pbociyirig
40
S98
;
Ubgbfhth S98
; ;
itiu pbgbrhoiig zijit sbfihg mh Cufig Sioimlig cuj> ]ilug 3590 siopih sbjirigd, siyi mig igij siyi obgbrhoi zijit Oijshl yi Cuj Xi
44
Fiophrig 2. Qurit Jbtbrigdig ]bfil Obfijujig Ubgbfhthig
