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Experiment-1 Analysis of BER for M-ary PSK with Rayleigh fading channel with AW! Aim" Analy#e the BER for the M-ary PSK $sing Matla%&Sim'lin( for Rayleigh fading with AW!) Software 'sed" Matla% *%+ecti,e of the experiment"
To understand the effect of the fading environment for different M-ary PSK schemes with different levels of AWGN.
heory"
Modulation:
Modulation is a rocess !y which a carrier signal is altered according to information in a message message signal. signal. The carrier carrier fre"uency fre"uency## denoted denoted $c# is the fre"uency of the carrier signal. The samling rate is the rate at which the message signal is samled during the simulation. The fre"uency of the carrier signal is usually much greater than the highest fre"uency of the inut message signal.
.igital mod'lation echni/'es" Binary Phase Shift Keying Keying signal (BPSK)
%n carrier-hase modulation# the information that is transmitted over a communication channel is imressed on the hase of the carrier. Since the range of the carrier hase is & ' ( ' )*# the carrier hases used to transmit digital information via digital-hase modulation are (m+)*m,M# for m+&##)..#M-.Thus for !inary hase modulation/M+)0# the two carrier hase are (& +& and ( + * radian. $or M-array hase modulation+)1# where 1 is the num!er of information !its er transmitted sym!ol. The general reresentation of a set of M carrier-hase-modulated signal waveforms is um /t0 + AgT/t0 cos/)*fct2)*m,M0 # m+&###M- Where# Where# gT/t0 gT/t0 is the transm transmitt itting ing filte filterr ulse ulse shae# shae# which which determ determines ines the sectr sectral al characteristics of the transmitted signal# and A is the signal amlitude. This tye of digital hase modulation is called hase-shift-1eying.
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Modulation
3uadrature Phase Shift Keying /3PSK0 is the digital modulation techni"ue. 3uadrature Phase Shift Keying /3PSK0 is a form of Phase Shift Keying in which two !its are modulated at once# selecting one of four ossi!le carrier hase shifts /&# *,)# *# and 4*,)0. 3PSK erform !y changing the hase of the %n-hase /%0 carrier from &5 to 6&5 and the 3uadrature-hase /30 carrier !etween 7&5 and )8&5. This is used to indicate the four states of a )-!it !inary code. 9ach state of these carriers is referred to as a Sym!ol. 3PSK erform !y changing the hase of the %n-hase /%0 carrier from &5 to 6&5 and the 3uadrature-hase /30 carrier !etween 7&5 and )8&5. This is used to indicate the four states of a )-!it !inary code. 9ach state of these carriers is referred to as a Sym!ol. 3uadrature Phase-shift Keying /3PSK0 is a widely used method of transferring digital data !y changing or modulating the hase of a carrier signal. Signal oint constellations for M+)# : and 6 are illustrated in figure.
Algorithm"
Generate the random se"uence of num!ers !etween & to M-. Modulate the random data Generate ;ayleigh fading channel
Pass the modulated data through the generated channel Add AWGN with various SN; to the outut of the channel
Matla% Program" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%Simulation of BPSK in rayleigh fading with AWGN%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% close all clear all clc snr=-5!!"# lsn=length$snr# &='# % Generating data t(data=randi$)" &-!*+!"""""+!# % modulating data mod(data = ,smod$t(data+&# h=rayleighchan $!.!"""""+!"# changain!=filter$h+ones$si/e$t(data# a=ma0$ma0$a1s$changain!# changain!=changain!2.a# chan(data = changain!23mod(data# %chan(data = filter$h+mod(data# no(of(error=/eros$!+lsn# ratio=/eros$!+lsn# no(of(error(!=/eros$!+lsn# ratio(!=/eros$!+lsn# for ii=!lsn
