G.R. Nos. L-10308 and L-10385-8 April 30, 1957 MARIA PAZ PAZ S. ALBA, ! AL "s. #R. $%RA&I% $%RA& I% B'LA%NG, ! AL 101 P(il )3) S&%N# #I*ISI%N +G.R. Nos. L-10308 and L-10385-8. April 30, 1957. MARIA PAZ PAZ S. ALBA, !&., ! AL., piionrs, "s. #R. $%RA&I% B'LA%NG, ! AL., !&., rspondns. A/ad Sanos Pa/lo or piionrs. Anonio &. Masa2l and Ada4o P. %4apo or rspondns. S6LLAB'S 1. %R %RM MN NS S &%M &%MP PNS NSA A!I%N I%N LA LA: IN;' IN;'R R# # MP MPL% L%6 6 MA MA6 N%! N%! R&%*R !I& <%R SAM IN;'R6. IN;'R6. = !( plain inn o S4ion > o ( or?ns &opnsaion La@ is (a an inrd plo s(all no r4i" pan @i4 or ( sa inr Cro ( (ird par and ro ( plorD. E. I#.: I#.: I#.: I#.: IN;' IN;'R R# # MP MPL% L%6 6 N! N!I! I!L L# # !% !% <'L <'LL L &%MP &%MPN NSA SA! !I%N. I%N. = (r ( inrd plo is ord, / ( (ird par, 4opnsaion 4opnsaion @(i4( ( ds d s insi4in, ( a r4 i and (rar liiFa @i( s4( par: or 4(oo s insad o 4oplain aFains (is plor: or a44p s4( insi4in 4opnsaion / prssl rsr"inF a ( sa i (is riF( o r4o"r ad diional daaFs ro (is plor. In ( lar 4as ( aon r4i"d ro ( (ird par s(all / dd4d ro ( aon paa/l / ( plor. #&ISI%N BNGZ%N, ; pH !(is is a piion p iion o r"rs ( d4ision o ( &oissionr o ( or?ns or?ns &opnsaion &oission in i" 4ass dninF ( 4lais or 4opnsaion, aFains #r. $ora4io BlaonF, o (rin piionrs, @(o @r (is plos and dp ndns o (is plos. %n Mar4( 1E, 1955, piionrs GrForio d la &r, Pdro &. BlaonF and Pa4ii4o BlaonF @r plos o #r. $ora4io BlaonF in (is /sinss o (rs(inF pala. %(r plos @r nFra4io Al/a C(s/and o piionr Maria Pa S. Al/aD and *i4n *i4n A. S/asian C(s/and o piionr lisa S. S/asianD. arl in ( orninF o (a da said i" plos @r, pon sp4ii4 ordrs o #r. BlaonF, on (ir @a o Barrio BarinFan, Malolos, Bla4an, o (rs( pala, ridinF on a ra4or @(i4( @as p llinF a (rs(inF a4(in. Sddnl a spdinF /s o ( *i4or Linr In4. 4ollidd @i( ( (rs(r @(i4( in rn (i ( ra4or, and as a rsl (os on /oard @r "iolnl (ro@n o. nFra4io Al/a and *i4n *i4n S/asian did: GrForio d la &r, Pdro &. BlaonF and Pa4ii4o BlaonF ssaind p(si4al inris. $R<%R, i" spara 4lais @r @ r ild /or ( or?ns &opnsaion &oission aFains ( plor #r. BlaonF. !(r dnss @r s p / (iH CaD 4laians @r no (is plos, / indsrial parnrs, C/D ( inris @r no ssaind in ( 4ors o plon and an d C4D ( 4lais, i an, (ad /n inFis(d / "ir o ( onar slns @(i4( piionrs (ad 4on4ldd @i( ( *i4or *i4or Linr In4. !( rr o"rrld ( dnss, (a"inF ond ( i" n o / plos @(o (ad did or @r inrd in ( 4ors o plon. &ons2nl ( r2ird ( plor o a? 4opnsaion in ( aons sp4iid in (is a@ard. $o@"r on appal, ( or?ns &opnsaion &oissionr a/sol"d #r. BlaonF ro all lia/ili, lia/ili, /4as ( ond (a ( 4laians (ad r4i"d, ar ( is(ap, "arios aons o on ro ( o@nr o ( 4ollidinF /s, ( *i4or Linr In4., a4( o
( (a"inF 4d a @rin rlas or @ai"r in a"or o said Linr, ( prinn par o @(i4( rads as ollo@sH JAnd I li?@is rl and 4opll 4d and ransr ino said &opan C*i4or Linr In4.D an riF( Fi"n o / la@ aFains an prson or 4opan (a s(old / lia/l or ( said a44idn 4p riF( o 4lai aFains #r. $ora4io BlaonF in a44ordan4 @i( and ndr ( or?ns &opnsaion A4 CRp. A4 77ED.J &laians, ( &oissionr d4lard, (ad l4d o (old ( Linr rsponsi/l or ( a44idn, and 4old no (rar rn arond o r4o"r 4opnsaion ro (ir plor. $ 4id s4ion > o ( or?ns &opnsaion La@, @(i4( or 4on"nin4 is 2odH JS&. >. Lia/ili o (ird paris. = In 4as an plo srs an inr or @(i4( 4opnsaion is d ndr (is A4 / an o(r prson /sids (is plor, i s(all / opional @i( s4( inrd plo i(r o 4lai 4opnsaion ro (is plor, ndr (is A4, or s s4( o(r prson or daaFs, in a44ordan4 @i( la@: and in 4as 4opnsaion is 4laid and allo@d in a44ordan4 @i( (is A4, ( plor @(o paid s4( 4opnsaion or @as ond lia/l o pa ( sa, s(all s44d ( inrd plo o ( riF( o r4o"rinF ro s4( prson @(a ( paidH Pro"idd, !(a in 4as ( plor r4o"rs ro s4( (ird prson daaFs in 4ss o (os paid or allo@d ndr (is A4, s4( 4ss s(all / dli"rd o ( inrd plo or an o(r prson nild (ro, ar dd4ion o ( pnss o ( plor and ( 4oss o ( pro4dinFs. !( s paid / ( plor or 4opnsaion or ( aon o 4opnsaion o @(i4( ( plo or (is dpndns ar nild ndr ( pro"isions o (is A4, s(all no / adissi/l as "idn4 in an daaF si or a4ion.J CAs andd.D Narall ( arFn /or (is &or d@l osl on ( inrpraion o ( a/o" s4ion and is appli4aion o ( 4ir4san4s o r4ord. !(r @as no l4ion, piionrs 4onnd, o r4o"r ro ( Linr o ( 4lsion o #r. BlaonF, /4as ( do4n isl siFnd / piionrs rsr"d (ir riF( o 4lai aFains #r. $ora4io BlaonF ndr ( or?ns &opnsaion A4.J S4( rsr"aion, 4onr ( rspondns, / sids /inF "oid and aFains ( la@, 4anno /ind #r. BlaonF @(o @as no a par o ( insrn. !(r is no 2sion (a ( Linr @as a J(ird parJ @i(in ( aninF o s4ion >. !(r is also no 2sion (a piionr (a" no sd ( Linr or daaFs. (ror ( ar no dd o (a" ad ( l4ion sp4iid in s4ion >. $o@"r, ( plain inn o ( la@ is (a ( s(all no r4i" pan @i4 or ( sa inris Cro ( (ird par and ro ( plorD. $n4 i @i(o sinF ( r4i" ll daaFs ro ( (ird par, ( s(old / dd o (a" p ra4i4all ad ( l4ion ndr ( la@, and s(old / pr"nd ro (rar sinF ( plor. <ll daaFs ans, o 4ors @(a ( @old (a" dandd in a si aFains ( (ird par or @(a ( @old r4i" in a 4opnsaion as 4opl sln. Ndlss o sa, @(r ( inrd plo is ord, / ( (ird par, 4opnsaion @(i4( ( ds insi4in, ( a r4 i and (rar liiFa @i( s4( (ird par. %r 4(oos insad o 4oplain aFains (is plor. N"r(lss (r is no(inF in ( la@ o pr"n (i ro a44pinF s4( insi4in 4opnsaion / prssl rsr"inF a ( sa i (is riF( o r4o"r addiional daaFs ro (is plor. I ( (ird par aFrs o ( rsr"aion, s4( parial pan a lFall / ad and a44pd. sa JiJ, /4as ( rsr"aion n4ssaril nails so disad"anaF o ( (ird par, inas4( as prsan o lFal prin4ipls @(n ( plor s/s2nl pas, ( a in rn r4o"r ro ( (ird par CS s4. >D. !( plor 4an no "alidl o/4 o s4( rsr"aion / ( plo, /4as in 4 ( sln (lps o rd4 ( aon ( @ill ar@ards (a" o disForF. As @ s i, ( i" plos a44pan4 o ( *i4or Linrs or o 4opnsaion, ndr ( 4ir4san4s dis4losd / (is r4ord, sp4iall ( @rin a4?no@ldFns, s(o@d ( @r no 4onn @i( ( aon r4i"d - ( did no 4onsidr i si4in = so ( rsr"d (ir riF( o r2ir addiional 4opnsaion
ro (ir plor. $n4 (ir a4ion aFains #r. BlaonF is no /arrd / s4ion >. $ a in rn dand ri/rsn ro *i4or Linr In4. !( iplid rsr"aion o #r. BlaonFs riF( aFains *i4or Linr In4. is no npr4dnd in ( ral o risprdn4. (n a proissor no is dis(onord or non-pan, ( (oldr a r4o"r is "al i(r ro ( a?r or ro ( indorsr. I ( ss ( indorsr and r4o"rs, ( lar a in rn r4op ro ( a?r. !( sa prssl pris (i o rnon4 (is riF( aFains ( a?r and rsr" (is riF( o r4o"r ro ( indorsr CS4. 1 E0 CD NFoia/l Insrns La@D. (n (a (appns, ( 4ors sa ( indorsrs riF( o r4o"r ro ( a?r is also rsr"d. CBooans Sa". Ban? "s. ;o(nson, E) Mo. App. 317: !olnino &or4ial La@s *ol. I C7( d.D p. 3>1. 1 D In ( siaion rslinF ar ( 4ollision, @ 4old rFard ( i" plos, ( *i4or Linr and #r. BlaonF in ( sa ridi4al posiion, rsp4i"l, o (oldr, a?r and indorsr. !( rlas @i( prss rsr"aion prod4d ( iplid rsr"aion alrad sad. (a (n, i a / as?d, @as ( ad"anaF a44rinF o ( Linr ro ( sln i (ad @or?d o a44oplis(K