ACTIVIDAD 1 CONCEPTOS BASICOS
PRESENTADO POR: JESSICA RUBIANO QUISENO ID: 000317465
CORPORACIÒN UNIVERSITARIA MINUTO DE DIOS ADMINISTRACIÒN DE EMPRESAS EMPRESAS ASIGNATURA: ASIGNATURA: ESTADISTICA ESTADISTICA DESCRIPTIV DESCRIPTIVA A FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES NEIVA – UILA !016 ACTIVIDAD 1 CONCEPTOS BASICOS
PRESENTADO POR: JESSICA RUBIANO QUISENO ID: 000317465
PRESENTADO A: JEID" J# GOME$ MONTIEL
CORPORACIÒN UNIVERSITARIA MINUTO DE DIOS ADMINISTRACIÒN DE EMPRESAS EMPRESAS ASIGNATURA: ASIGNATURA: ESTADISTICA ESTADISTICA DESCRIPTIV DESCRIPTIVA A FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES NEIVA – UILA !016
INTRODUCCIÒN 2
E% &' ()&*&%+& +),-,./ *& ,) /* 2',*&* & &.&)22/* /%& 2/%/2&)&/* '/* (%+/* -*2/* & ', &*+,*+2, &*2)(+, &% 16 ()&8%+,*#
Tabla de contenido
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INTRODUCCIÒN.................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................................................... .......................................... 3 PREGUNTAS..................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ...... 6 1# 9QU FACTOR FACTORES ES IMPID IMPIDEN EN REALI$AR REALI$AR UN CENSO CENSO O INVESTIGACI INVESTIGACI;N ;N TOTAL<..................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................................... ............................... 6 !#
LOS MTOD MTODOS OS DE MUESTREO MUESTREO ALEA ALEATO TORIO RIO " NO NO ALEA ALEATOR TORIO# IO#................6
MTODO DE MUESTREO ALEATORIO: E*+/* */% '/* * )&2/&%,-'&* (,), */ & =+// (/) >& *& -,*, &% &' ()%2(/ & ', &>'-),), &* &2) ,>&''/* &% '/* >& +//* '/* %/* +&%&% ', *, ()/-,', & *&) &'&8/* (,), ?/),) (,)+& & %, &*+), @ 2/%*8&%+&&%+& 2/%*8&%+&&%+& +/,* ',* (/*-'&* &*+),* & +,,/ %/ +&%&% ', *, ()/-,-', & *&) *&'&22/%,,* @ (/) '/ +,%+/ &*+& &*+)/ %/* ,*&8),% ', )&()&*&%+,+, & ', &*+), &+),, (/) '/ +,%+/ */% ',* * +',,*# ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................................... ........................... 6 M&*+)&/ ,'&,+/)/ ,'&,+/)/ *('&: L/* ()/2&&%+/* ()/2&&%+/* */% &,%+& */)+&/* / & ,'8% ,'8% &/ &2%2/ ,*8%,/ (,), 2,, %/ % %&)/ /%& ,'&,+/),&%+& &* &*2/8/ & &*+/* *& &'&8)% '/* >& *& %&2&*+, (,), ,2&) ', &*+), )&>&),# .................... .............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................................... .................................... 7 M&*+)&/ ,'&,+/)/ *('?2,/: &% &*+& 2,*/ +&%& '/* */* )&>&)&%+/* )&>&)&%+/* >& &' ,'&,+/)/ *('& *('& & &%&),) , +//* '/* &'&&%+/* &'&&%+/* & ', (/-',2% (&)/ *% &-,)8/ &*+& &% & & *,2,) %&)/* ,'&,+/),&%+& ,'&,+/),&%+& */'/ *& *,2, %/ '/* %/* %/* *&%/ H &' )&*'+,/ & ) &' +,,/ & ', (/-',2% &%+)& &' +,,/ & ', &*+), &* &2) &*+, /(&),2%: H: N%# ......................................7 M&*+)&/ ,'&,+/)/ &*+),+?2,/: &*+/* ()/2&*/* *&'&% )&2) &' &))/) &*+),' (,), % +,,/ ,/ & ', &*+), &*+,* 2/%**+&% &% ?&)&%2,) ,'8%, 2,),2+&)*+2, @, *&, & &*+),+/* ()/?&*% &' %2(/ & )&*&%2, &*+,/ 2' &' *&/ &+2# E*+& +(/ & &*+)&/ +& ,*&8), @ &8& &8& % 2/%/2&%+/ 2/% &+,''&* >& +//* &*+/* ,+/* &*+=% )&()&*&%+,/* )&()&*&%+,/* ,&2,,&%+& , ', &*+),# ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... .................. ....... 7
M&*+)&/ ,'&,+/)/ (/) 2/%8'/&),/*: 2/%8'/&),/*: &*+/* ()/2&*/* & ,% , 2,-/ (/) *&'&22/%,) )&2+,&%+& &'&&%+/* & ', (/-',2% /%& %, %, &*+),' &* % 8)(/ & &'&&%+/* & ', (/-',2% >& ?/),% %, %, 2// (/) &.&('/* '/* &(,)+,&%+/* %&)*+,)/* %,&* /*(+,',),* &+2# 2/%**+&% &% *&'&22/%,) ,'&,+/),&%+& % 2&)+/ & %&)/* 2/%8'/&),/* (,), ,'2,%,) 2/% &' +,,/ &*+),' &*+,-'&2/#..............................................................7 MTODO DE MUESTREO NO ALEATORIO: ',* &*+),* %/ ,'&,+/),* %/ */% ()/-,-'*+2,* ()/-,-'*+2,* @ &% /&%+/* &' 2/%+&+/ &%+)/ &' &*+/ (&)+& / ?,2'+, % 2&)+/ =+// & &*+)&/ *% &-,)8/ &* (/*-'& >& ?,/)&2&) 2&)+/* +(/* & 2,*/* &% ', (/-',2% * >& /+)/* &* &2) ()/2) %, &*+), *&*8,, , 2/%+%,2% 2/%+%,2% )&',2/%,)& %/* & '/* +(/* &' &*+)/ %/ ,'&,+/)/: ......................7 M&*+), & /'%+,)/*: &*+, &*+), &* 2)&,, 2,%/ +//* '/* &-)/* & ', (/-',2% +&%& ', *, /(/)+%, & (,)+2(,) &% ', &*+), &* &2) >& 2,%/ %/* &%2&*+,% (/) ,'8% +&, &% (,)+2',) &% ', &- +&'=?/%/ / (&)*/%,'&%+& (,), %, &()&*, &% (,)+2',) &*+,/* *&%/ /'%+,)/* (,), 2/%*&8) %, &*+), (,), /-+&%&) )&*'+,/* &% '/ )&',2/%,/*# ...................8
4
M&*+), – -/', & %&&: &*+, &*+), &* 2// %, -/', & %&& 2// * %/-)& '/ 2,),2+&), ,)),*, 2/% +//* ''&,%/ &% &*+& 2,*/ /(%/%&* (,), 2/(,)+) 2/% /+)/* %/* %/* */-)& % +&, &% (,)+2',) (,)+2',) &*+& &* % -&% =+// (,), )&2/',) '/* ?&)&%+&* (%+/* & *+, &*+&%+&* &% % 8)(/# .........8 U%, &*+), >& 2/%**+& &% +//* 2,*/* *(/%-'&*: &*+, &*+), &* (,), ,>&'',* %&*+8,2/%&* & %, (/-',2% &% (,)+2',) & >& */'/ %/* (/2/* 2,*/* / &*(&2&%&* &*+% *(/%-'&* (,), ,2&) % &*+/ @ &%+/%2&* &-&% *&)) 2// %, &*+), & ', (/-',2%#.......................................................8 3#
LAS LAS VEN VENTA TAJA JAS S DEL DEL MUES MUESTR TREO EO##............................................................8
4. FINAL FINALIDA IDAD D DE DE LA EST ESTADÍSTI DÍSTICA CA:: &% +=)%/* 8&%&),'&* *& 2/%*&), >& &* *%*+),) +/, ', %?/),2% @ ', +', &(&%&) & ', ?/), >& *&, /-+&%, '/* ,+/*#..................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................................... ............................. 8 5. ¿CUANDO ¿CUANDO UN UN MÉTODO MÉTODO DE DE MUEST MUESTREO REO NO NO ALEA ALEAT TORIO ORIO PUEDE PUEDE CONSIDERASE VÁLIDO?...................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ................................... ......................... 9 6.
U% &.&('/ & 2,),2+&)*+2, cualitativa (&& *&) ,+/* */-)&: ......................9
7. C,'>&) medida ,('2,, , ',* 2,),2+&)*+2,* & ',* %,&* / &'&&%+/* &% ', (/-',2% *& &%/%,: .................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ...................................... ........................... 9 8.
L, &*+,*+2, descriptiva +&%& 2// /-.&+/: .............................................9
9.
P/) población / %&)*/ *& &%+&%&: ..................... ............................... ..................... .......................... ...............9 9
!. D&+&)%& 2'&* & ',* *8&%+&* ,),-'&* */% 2,'+,+,* / 2,%++,+,* @ &%+)& &*+,* '+,* 2,'&* */% discretas o continuas #..........................................9 .
L&, &' *8&%+& 2,*/: .................... .............................. ..................... ...................... .................................10 ......................10
". E% 2,, %/ & '/* *8&%+&* ()/-'&,* &%+?>&: ', (/-',2% &' &'&&%+/ / %,# E*+,-'&2, 2// %/ /* 2,),2+&)*+2,* >& (/),% &*+,)*&#.................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............................................. .................................... 11 #. U%, &()&*, *+)-/), & 8,*/'%, &*&, &+&)%,) '/* ?,2+/)&* >& %?'@&% &% ', &'&22% & ',* &*+,2/%&* & 8,*/'%, KS&'' T&,2/ E**/ T&)(&' P&+)/-)*#..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................... ........................ 11 4. U% ,+/) *& &%?)&%+, &% %, ',)8, '*+, & 2&%+,* (/) 2/-),) &% * &()&*,# D&-& &)?2,) ',* 2,%+,&* K,'/) 2/% -,*& &% %, &*+), >& ,-,)2, ,()/,,&%+& ,()/,,&%+& &' 10 & &*,* 2&%+,* 2/% &' ?% ? % & &*+,) ', ?&)&%2, ()/&/ &%+)& '/* ,'/)&* )&*,/* K&*+), @ ** )&*(&2+/* ,*&%+/* &% &' '-)/# 12 5. S& +&%& % 8)(/ & 2/%*/)&* & %+&)&*, 2/%/2&) ** ()&?&)&%2,* (/) %/ & &*+/* ()/2+/* >& ', &()&*, ?-)2, >& */% & 2/%*/ (/(',)# D& ,2&)/ 2/% &' /-.&+/ *& , *&,/ %, &*+), (,), '/ 2,' *& *&'&22/%, % -,))/ 2/%?/),/ ,()/,,&%+& ,()/,,&%+& (/) 1!0 ,%,%,* 2,, %, & &'',* 2/% % ()/&/ & ! &%,*# ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ................................... ........................ 12 6. D& ',* *8&%+&* 2,),2+&)*+2,* 2,'&* 2/%*&),: ,+)-+/ / 2,'+,+, KA 2,%++,+, KC ,),-'& *2)&+, KVD ,),-'& 2/%+%, KVC# ...........................12 Bibliografía............ Bibliografía...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................... ........................ 13
CONCLUSIONES .................... .............................. ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... ......... 14 5
PREGUNTAS
. 9QU FACTORES IMPIDEN REALI$AR UN CENSO O INVESTIGACI;N TOTAL< 6
RTA: RTA: &' 2&%*/ &* ()/2&*/ +/+,' & )&2/'&2+,) )&2/'&2+,) )&2/(',) @ ,%,',) (,), ''&,) , 2,-/ )&*'+,/* &*+,*+2/* 2/%2)&+/* (,), ,+/* &+&)%,/* '/* ?,2+/)&* >& (&),% )&,',) % 2&%*/ &* %/ +&%&) %, &%&),2% %,' %&)*, *'+,%&, @ (&)/2, * %/ +&%&/* &% '/ ,* %/* &*+/* ?,2+/)&* >& */% %&2&*,)/* (,), % 2&%*/ %/ *& (/), )&,',) %, %&*+8,2% +/+,'#
". LOS MTODOS DE MUESTREO ALEATORIO " NO ALEATORIO#
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
7
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
M&*+), & /'%+,)/*: &*+, &*+), &* 2)&,, 2,%/ +//* '/* &-)/* & ', (/-',2% +&%& ', *, /(/)+%, & (,)+2(,) &% ', &*+), &* &2) >& 2,%/ %/* &%2&*+,% (/) ,'8% +&, &% (,)+2',) &% ', &- +&'=?/%/ / (&)*/%,'&%+& (,), %, &()&*, &% (,)+2',) &*+,/* *&%/ /'%+,)/* (,), 2/%*&8) %, &*+), (,), /-+&%&) )&*'+,/* &% '/ )&',2/%,/*#
M&*+), – -/', & %&&: &*+, &*+), &* 2// %, -/', & %&& 2// * %/-)& '/ 2,),2+&), ,)),*, 2/% +//* ''&,%/ &% &*+& 2,*/ /(%/%&* (,), 2/(,)+) 2/% /+)/* %/* */-)& */-)& % +&, &% (,)+2',) &*+& &* % -&% =+// (,), )&2/',) '/* ?&)&%+&* (%+/* & *+, &*+&%+&* &% % 8)(/# U%, &*+), >& 2/%**+& &% +//* 2,*/* *(/%-'&*: &*+, &*+), &* (,), ,>&'',* %&*+8,2/%&* & %, (/-',2% &% (,)+2',) & >& */'/ %/* (/2/* 2,*/* / &*(&2&%&* &*+% *(/%-'&* (,), ,2&) % &*+/ @ &%+/%2&* &-&% *&)) 2// %, &*+), & ', (/-',2%#
#. LAS VENTAJAS DEL MUESTREO# P)&)/ >& +// &' &*+)&/ &* % ()/2&&%+/ / +=2%2, (,), 2/%/2&) ', (/-',2% 2/% -,*& , %, &*+), & &'',# 1# !# 3# 4# 5#
V&%+, V&%+,.,* .,* ()%2( ()%2(,'& ,'&*: *: E* )(/ )(/ @ 2/%+)/ 2/%+)/',',-'&# '&# S* )&*'+ )&*'+,/* ,/* (&&% (&&% *&) *&) ,('/* ,('/* / ()&2*/* ()&2*/*## E* &2/% &2/% 2 2/# /# S& /-+&%& /-+&%& %, %, /-*&),2 /-*&),2% % &,2+, &,2+, 2/% % % ,@/) ,@/) 2/%+)/'# 2/%+)/'# 8
6# R&2& R&2& 2/%* 2/%*&),-'& &),-'&&%+& &%+& &' +&(/ +&(/ & ', ', ,('2,2 ,('2,2%# %# 7# P)/(/)2/% P)/(/)2/%, , )&*'+,/* )&*'+,/* * /(/)+%/* /(/)+%/*##
4. FINALIDA FINALIDAD D DE LA ESTA ESTADÍST DÍSTICA ICA:: &% +=)%/* 8&%&),'&* *& 2/%*&), >& &* *%*+),) +/, ', %?/),2% %?/),2% @ ', +', +', &(&%&) & & ', ?/), >& *&, /-+&%, '/* ,+/*# E' 2/%+%/ 2)&2&%+/ & ',* &()&*,* , /-'8,/ >& +'2&% 2/%+%,&%+& '/* =+//* &*+,*+2/* *&%/ &*+, %*(&%*,-'& (,), ''&8,) , 2/%2'*/%&* @ &+&)%,%/ ,* &./),&%+/ & &*+,#
5. ¿CUANDO ¿CUANDO UN MÉTODO MÉTODO DE MUESTRE MUESTREO O NO ALEA ALEAT TORIO PUEDE PUEDE CONSIDERASE VÁLIDO? E' &*+)&/ ,'&,+/)/ %/ (&& 2/%*&),)*& ,'/ (/) >& %/ &* +/+,'&%+& ()&2*, @ &,2+, 2/% &' )&*'+,/ & ', &*+),#
6. U% &.&('/ & 2,),2+&)*+2, cualitativa (&& *&) ,+/* */-)&: $. S,',)/*# %. O&'($&)*+. &. G,*+/* &% ,'&%+,2%# ,. A*&%2,* , 2',*& -. N&)/ & ,22&%+&* &% &' +),-,./# C,'> >& &)) medida ,(' ,('2, 2,, , , ',* ',* 2,), 2,),2+ 2+&) &)* *++2, 2,** & ',* ',* % %, ,&* &* / 7. C,' &'&&%+/* &% ', (/-',2% *& &%/%,: $. E*+,/) %. V,),-'& &. E*+,*+2, ,. P$ P$/0-1 /0-12 2 -. N%8%, & ',* ,%+&)/)&*#
8. L, &*+,*+2, descriptiva +&%& 2// /-.&+/: $. P)/-,) ', *8%?2,2% & '/* )&*'+,/*# %. L/8),) 2/%2'*/%&* * ,'' & ',* &*+),*# &. S- $(3)&$ $(3)&$,$ ,$ -+ )+-1)$ )+-1)$&)2+&)2+- (2%3$&)2 (2%3$&)2+$3+$3-. . ,. N%8%, & ',* ,%+&)/)&*# 9. P/) población / %&)*/ *& &%+&%&: $. C/%.%+/ & *&)&* ,%/*# %. U% )&2&%+/ & %,&*# &. C2+'+ C2+'+12 12 ,- 0-,),$ 0-,),$ 2 -&'-+1 -&'-+12 2 ,- 12,$ 3$ '+),$ '+),$,- ,- ''1)-+-+ '+$ &$$&1-1)&$ &20+. ,. E* % /)&%,&%+/ **+&+2/ & ', %?/),2%# 9
-. D&*2-)) ',* 2,*,* >& /)8%,% &' &2/# D&+&) )% %& & 2' 2'&* &* & ',* ',* *8 *8& &%+ %+&* &* ,) ,),,-'& '&** */% */% 2,' 2,'+, +,+ +,* ,* / !. D&+& 2,%++,+,* @ &%+)& &*+,* '+,* 2,'&* */% discretas o continuas # $. V, +' & %, -/-'',: V$)$%3V$)$%3- &'$+1)1$1)$;&2+1)+'$. %. M,)2, & %, -/-'',: V$)$%3V$)$%3- &'$3)1$1)$. &. C/+,2% & %,* ,22/%&*: V$)$%3V$)$%3- &'$+1)1$1)$;&2+1)+'$ N&)/ )/ & ,22 ,22& &%+ %+&* &* &% %, %, ?-) ?-)2 2,: ,: V$)$%3,. N& V$)$%3- &'$+1)1$1)$; ,)&-1$. -. T(/* (/* & ,22 ,22&% &%+& +&** >& /2)) 2))&% &% &% %, ??-)2 )2,: V$)$%3&'$3)1$1)$. <. E*+,/ 2' & '/* +),-,.,/)&*: V$)$%3- &'$3)1$1)$.
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• • • • • •
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