Nju;rr ; p 8.1 jfty; njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk; tiyg;gpd;dy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; jftiy VjhtJ xU tbtpy; Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jp;w;F VjhtJ ngsjPf tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp nfhz;L nry;Yjy; jfty; gupkhw;wk; vdg;gLk;. ,J ngJthdnjhU tiutpyf;fzkhFk;. Mdhy; fzdpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l jfty; gupkhw;wk; vDk; NghJ “bit or byte fis ngsjPf uPjpahf Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jpw;F or ,lq;fSf;F gy;NtW njhopy; El;g Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp (copper wire, fiber optics, laser, radio, infrared light)” mDg;GjyhFk;;. ,q;F xUtu; or fUtp or CLflj;jp (Transmitter) xU Fwpg;gpl;l Clfj;jpD}lhf (Medium) jftiy VjhtJ rkpq;iQfshf(Signal) khw;wp mjid thq;fpapw;F(Receiver) mDg;Gtu;. ,e;j jfty; xU Fwpj;j cld;gL newpKiwf;fika(Protocol) gpuahzpj;J thq;fpapw;F nry;Yk;. ,jw;fika xU jfty; njhlu;ghlypd; gpujhd ghfq;fshf gpd;tUtdtw;iw $wyhk;. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CLflj;jp (Transmitter) thq;fp (Receiver) njhlu;ghly; Clfk; (Medium) cld;gL newpKiwfs; (Protocols) rkpq;iQ (Signal)
,e;j jfty; gupkhw;wj;jpid gpd;tUk; tiuglk; %yk; fhl;lyhk;.
CLflj;jp (Transmitter)
Data Processing
Modulator Carrier Signal
Demodulator
Data Processing
thq;fp (Receiver)
E.g.: e-mail, Telephone njhlu;ghly; CLflj;jp (Transmitter) ,J xU cgfuzkhfNth or xU KftuhfNth ahu; jftiy Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jpw;F mDg;Gtjw;fhf cUthf;Fgtuhf ,Ug;ghu;.
thq;fp (Receiver) ,tu; CLflj;jpapdhy; mDg;gg;gl;l jftypid ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtuhf ,Ug;ghu;. ,tu; ngw;Wf; nfhz;;l jftypd; fUj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;s jftypid ed;whf Ma;T kw;Wk; khw;wq;fSf;F cw;gLj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
gupkhw;W Clfk; (Transmission Media) CLflj;jpaplkpUe;J thq;fpapw;F jftyhdJ mDg;gg;gLk; ClfNk gupkhw;W Clfk; vdg;gLk;. ,J tspahfNth or copper wire or Ez;ziy (Micro Wave) or NtW ve;j tbtkhfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. NkYk; ,e;j gukhw;W ClfkhdJ jpz;kk; or jputk; or thA tbtpNyh ,Uf;fyhk;. ,it miyr; rf;jpia cUthf;Ftjd; Clhf gpuahzpf;Fk;.
cld;gL newpKiwfs; (Protocols) xU tiyg;gpd;dyps; jfty; gupkhw;wk; jq;F jilapd;wp ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lkhf ,Ue;jhy; me;jr; nraw;ghl;il xOq;F ; gLj;Jtjw;fhd rl;ljpl;lq;fs;, gpukhzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpjpfs; mj;jpatrpakhFk; ,itNa cld;gL newpKiwfs; vdg;gLk;. xU jfty; gupkhw;wk; ntw;wpfukhf eilngwNtz;Lkhf ,Ue;jhy; me;j jfty; gupkhw;wj;Jld; njhlu;Gila xt;nthU ghfKk; ,e;j newpKiwf;fika njhopw;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU fzdp tiyg;gpd;dy; njhlu;ghlypy; cs;s xt;nthU mLf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhd tpjpfSf;F cl;gLk;, NkYk; ve;j ngsjPf ,izg;ig gad;gLj;jNtz;Lk;, vt;thW ,ilA+W nratJ vt;thW njhlu;ghliy KbTWj;JtJ ve;j nkhopia gad;gLj;JtJ vd xt;nthU nraw;ghLk; ,e;j tpjpKiwf;fikia gpd;gw;w Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
1|ILM.Irfan
A/L ICT||Competency-8.1
learnbyself.com
,e;j cld;gL newpKiwfspd; NjitahdJ ,izaj;jpd; tsur;rpapdhYk; mjd; mjPj gad;ghl;bdhNyAk; czug;gl;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,iza newpKiwfs; (Internet Protocol - IP) kw;Wk; gupkhw;W fl;Lg;ghl;L newpKiwfs; (Transmission Control Protocol - TCP) vd;gd Kf;fpakhd newpKiwfshFk;. Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP vd;gJ kpf mjpfkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; newpKiwfspd; Nru;itahFk;. rkpq;iQ (Signal) njhlu;ghlyhdJ nghJthf rkpq;iQ tbtpiyNa ,Uf;Fk;. Clfq;fspD}lhf gupkhw;wg;glf; $ba rhj;jpaq;fs; cz;L. ,e;j rkpq;iQahdJ ,uz;L tifahFk;.
,r;rkpq;iQfshdJ
xd;Wf;F
Nkw;gl;l
1. xg;Gtik rkpq;iQ (Analog Signal) ,J shine tisapahFk; njhlu;r;rpahf khWfpd;w miyfSld; $ba gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j gad;gLk;. ,J msT uPjpahf rkpq;iQahFk;.
kpd;fhe;j juTfis khWgLfpd;w
2. vz;zpay; rkpq;iQ (Digital Signal) ,J square tisapahFk;. tupir Kiwahd kpd; mOj;j Jbg;Gf;fis nfhz;l juTfis ,J gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak;. Jbg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy; khWgLfpd;w (1,0) rkpq;iQfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;.
rkpq;iQfspd; gz;Gfs;. ,r;rkpq;iQfs; gpd;tUk; gz;Gfis nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 1. tPr;rk; (Amplitude) ,J miyapDila cauj;ij Fwpf;Fk; 2. kPbud; (Frequency) xU nrf;fdpw;Fs; fhzg;gLk; miyfspd; vz;zpf;if. 3. mtj;ij (Phase)
1k; kw;Wk; 2k; tiuGfs; XNu kPbud; Mdhy; 1k; tiuG ngupa tPr;rj;ij nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpz;wJ. 1k; kw;Wk; 3k; tiuGfs; xNu tPr;rj;ij nfhz;lit Mdhy; 3k; tiuG ngupa kPbuid cilaJ. 1k; kw;Wk; 4k; tiuGfs; xNu tPr;rj;ijAk;, kPbuidAk; nfhz;lit Mdhy; л/4 mtj;ij tpj;jpahrj;ijAilaJ.
2|ILM.Irfan
A/L ICT||Competency-8.1
learnbyself.com
