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A/L ICT Exam preparatory seminarr-2015 Zonal Education Office - Kalmunai
Nju;r;rp 8 tsg;gq;fL P kw;Wk; juT> Fuy; vd;gtw;iw nraw;jpwDs;s tifapy; njhlHghly; nra;tjw;fhf juT gupkhw;wj;jpdJk; fzpdp gzpg;gpd;dy; njhopy;El;gq;fspdJk; gad;ghl;il Muha;thu;.
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tpilfs; 1. i. A: Ftpak;(Hub)/khw;wp(switch) B:ghyq;fs;(Bridge) ii. a. topg;gLj;jpfs;(Router) b. gpujpepjpj;Jt Nritafk;(proxy server) c. jPr;Rtu;(firewall)
2. ai. guhkupg;G nryT mjpfk;. ii. fl;likg;G rpf;fyhdJ. iii. juTg; gupkhw;w Ntfk; Fiwtilayhk; iv. tiyaikg;ig tp];jupg;gJ fbdk;. b. tFg;G C 192.168.10.0 c. Ftpak; ghyk; d. 27 xd;Wfs;: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 tpUe;Njhk;gp gFjpapy; cs;s 1 fspd; vz;zpf;if= 3 / 23 = 8 cgtiyfs;
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3. i.a. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Phase Modulation (PM)
b. Amplitude Shift Key (ASK
Frequency shift key (FSK
Phase shift key (PSK
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ii. a. xNu
ghijapD}lhf xNu miytupir nfhz;l juT kw;Wk; xypr; rkpq;iQfis gupkhw;wk; nra;a trjpfspid toq;Fk;.
b. Neug; gpupT gd;ikahf;fk; A, B, C vDk; rkpq;iQfshdJ xU ghijapD}lhf xU Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; mDg;Gtjhf ,Ue;jhy; gpuahzpf;Fk; NeukhdJ mr;rkpq;iQfSf;F ,ilNa gfpu;e;spf;fg;gl;L mitfSf;fpilNa ve;j ,ilA+Wk; tuhj tz;zk; tpj;jpahrkhd Neuq;fspy; xt;nthU rkpq;iQAk; mg;ghijapD}lhf gpuahzpf;Fk.;
4. i.a. CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) CSMA/CD MdJ bus ,iztpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU cld;gL newpKiwahFk; gupkhw;wj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sTs;s fUtpahdJ Kjypy; ghijapd;(Channel) eltbf;iffspid mwpa eltbf;iffspid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ghij gad;gLj;jg;glhJ ,Ug;gJ fz;l ; wpag;gl;lhy; kw;w fUtpfSf;F juTg;gupkhw;wj;jpy;
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b. Token Ring - IEEE 802.5 ,it BUS kw;Wk; Ring tiyg;gpd;dy;fsp;y; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Token I itj;jpUf;Fk; fzzp khj;jpuNk tiyg;gpd;dypy; jutpid mDg;gKbAk;. ,J Nkhjy; Vw;gLtjid jLf;Fk; xU Vw;ghlhFk;. Token MdJ tpNrl mikg;igf; nfhz;l bit my;yJ byte fshFk; ,J tiyg;gpd;dypy; cs;s xt;nthU Node ,dhYk; Neubahf mwpag;glf; $baJ. xU fzzp Token I itj;jpUe;jhy; khj;jpuNk jftiy gupkhw KbAk;.
c. Post Office Protocol (POP) ,J TCP/IP Ald; ,ize;J njhopw;gLk; ,e;j cld;gL newpKiw MdJ Application Layer ,y; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xd;wFk;. ,J e-mail gadhsu; xUtu; TCP/IP njhlu;ig ghtpj;J ve;jnthU e-mail server ,y; ,Ue;Jk; e-mail I ngw;Wf; nfhs;Stjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
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ii.a. gfpb tpisahLjy; (Spoofing) xU egu; my;yJ fUtp tiyaikg;gpy; cs;s NtnwhU eguhf, fUtpahf my;yJ ek;gfkhf eguhf, fUtpahf jd;id khw;wp tiyaikg;gpDs; Eioe;J tiyaikg;gpid rPu;Fiyj;jy; my;yJ jfty;fis jpUly; my;yJ tiyaikg;G fl;likg;ig jdf;fy; ,t;thwhd nraw;ghL gfpb tpisahLjy; vdg;gLk;. nghJthf IP Spoofing tiyaikg;Gf;fspy; ,lk;ngwf; $ba xU mr;RUj;jyhFk;. ,jd;NghJ NtnwhU egu; tiyaikg;gpy; cs;s IP Kftupahf jd;idf; fhl;bf; nfhz;L tiyaikg;gpDs; cs;Eioe;J ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jthu;. ,jpypUe;J ghJfhg;gG ngw Packet Filtering tiyaikg;gpy; kiwFwpaplg;gl;l newpKiwfis gad;gLj;jy; (Cryptographic Network Protocol)
b. NritkWg;G (Denial of Service)
rl;luPjpahd my;yJ mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l gadu; xUtu; tiyaikg;G tsk; my;yJ ,iza tsj;jpid mDf Kaw;rpf;fpd;wNghJ mtuhy; mt;tsq;fspid my;yJ mtw;wpd; Nritapid ngwKbahj epiyapid Vw;gLj;jNy ,JthFk;.
,e;epyik gpd;tUk; topfspy; Vw;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ,iza Nrit toq;Fdupd; jfty; gupkhw;w mfyg;gl;lilapid jkjpf;fr; nra;tjpD}lhf gadupdhy; toq;fg;gLk; cs;sPl;bid jtwhf nghUs;gLk; gb jpUj;JtjpD}lhf Nritaf fzdpfSf;F tof;fj;jpw;F khwhd newpriy Vw;gLj;JtjpD}lh rl;luPj;pahd gadu; mjid mDf Kbahj epiy Vw;gLk;.
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c. rYiffis kpifg;gLj;jpf; (Elevation of Privileges)
fhl;ly;
xU tiyaikg;gpy; cs;s kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l rYiffis cila gadu; xUtu; jd;id tpl $Ljyhd rYifapid cila xU gadupd; milahsj;ij jdjhff; fhl;b tiyaikg;gpy; $Ljy; rYiffisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
tFg;G
Mff; Fiwe;;j tiygpd;dy; ,yf;fk;
Mff; $ba tiyg;gpd;dy; ,yf;fk;
A
00000000 0
01111111 127
B
10000000.00000000 128.0
10111111.11111111 191.255
C
11000000.00000000.00000000 192.0.0
11011111.11111111.11111111 223.255.255
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