Guyton & Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11 th Edition
UNIT VIII: Aviation, Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology MULTPLE !H"!E
1. a. b. c. d.
The bao!etic bao!etic pess" pess"e e is al!ost al!ost one-hal# one-hal# that that o# sea level level at an altit" altit"de de o# 1$$$ #eet %$$$ #eet 1%,$$$ #e #eet &%,$$$ $$$ #eet
ANS: ' &. (hich o# the the #ollo)ing #ollo)ing !eas"e! !eas"e!ents ents ae ae !ost li*ely li*ely to have have been obtained obtained #o! an an "naccli!ati+ed peson at an altit"de o# &$,$$$ #eet a. Alveol eola P& /$ !! 0g alveola P'& &/ !! 0g ateial o2ygen sat"ation %34 b. Alveola P& 1$/ !! 0g alveola P'& /$ !! 0g ateial o2ygen sat"ation 5%4 c. Alveol eola P& 6$ !! 0g alveola P'& % !! 0g ateial o2ygen sat"ation 6$4 d. Alveol eola P& /$!! 0g alveola P'& // !! 0g ateial o2ygen sat"ation 7$4 ANS: A 3. a. b. c. d.
Initial Initial e2pos" e2pos"ee to altit"de altit"de is is associa associated ted )ith )ith A apid apid incea incease se in ventila ventilati tion on 0ypocapnia 8esp 8espi iat ato oy y al*a al*alo losi siss All All o# the the abo above ve
ANS: D /. a. b. c. d.
2ygen 2ygen sat" sat"ati ation on is !ost !ost a##ect a##ected ed by 9lying 9lying in in an "npess "npess"i "i+ed +ed aipl aiplane ane at &3,$$$ &3,$$$ #eet #eet eathing 1$$4 & in an aiplane at /$,$$$ #eet ea eath thiing 1$$4 1$$4 & at the s"!!it o# ;o"nt
ANS: A
'opyight = &$$7 by
Additional Test an*
&
>. A deceased &,3-diphosphoglyceate ?&,3-DP@ level in ed blood cells is associated )ith a. An incease in altit"de b. A le#t shi#t in the o2ygen dissociation c"ve c. An incease in o2ygen eleased to the tiss"es d. An incease in o2ygen "pta*e at the l"ngs ANS: ' 7. a. b. c. d.
n i!!ediate e2pos"e to altit"de, ventilation is sti!"lated by 0ypo2ic sti!"lation o# the ateial che!oeceptos 0ypo2ic sti!"lation o# the cental che!oeceptos 8elease o# eythopoietin #o! the *idney 'hanges in bicabonate levels in ceebospinal #l"id
ANS: A %. a. b. c. d.
Accli!ati+ation is associated )ith A he!atocit o# 7$4 A he!oglobin concentation o# &$ gBdl An alveola P'& o# % !! 0g All o# the above
ANS: D 6. a. b. c. d.
'honic !o"ntain sic*ness is associated )ith An inappopiate incease in blood #lo) to the bain A decease in p"l!onay ateial pess"e 8ight heat hypetophy and heat #ail"e A decease in p"l!onay capillay vol"!e
ANS: ' 5. a. b. c. d.
(hich o# the #ollo)ing state!ents concening ed blood cell pod"ction is #alse 8ed blood cell pod"ction inceases d"ing accli!ati+ation to altit"de. 8ed blood cell pod"ction can occ" in the spleen. 8ed blood cell pod"ction depends on eythopoietin. 8ed blood cell pod"ction is sti!"lated by an incease in cabon dio2ide in ateial blood.
ANS: D
'opyight = &$$7 by
Additional Test an* 1$. a. b. c. d.
3
(hich o# the #ollo)ing state!ents abo"t ac"te !o"ntain sic*ness ?A;S is #alse A;S sho"ld be teated as a !edical e!egency. A;S is associated )ith by ceebal ede!a. A;S is associated )ith p"l!onay ede!a. A;S can be teated by hypobaia.
ANS: D 11. a. b. c. d.
<##ects o# negative @ #oces 'an incl"de lo)e e2te!ity veno"s pooling 'an be evesed by tightening the abdo!inal !"scles 'an incl"de psychotic dist"bances beca"se o# bain ede!a Ae negligible d"e to baoecepto e#le2es
ANS: ' 1&. a. b. c. d.
I!!ediate e##ects o# )eightlessness o#ten incl"de ;otion sic*ness 9acial p"##iness Di"esis All o# the above
ANS: D 13. a. b. c. d.
Polonged stay in space is o#ten associated )ith an Incease in calci"! eabsoption Incease in blood vol"!e Incease in ed cell !ass Incease in ventilation-pe#"sion ineC"alities
ANS: A 1/. A sc"ba dive 1$$ #eet belo) the )ate s"#ace is e2posed to ho) !any at!osphees o# pess"e a. & b. 3 c. / d. > ANS: '
'opyight = &$$7 by
Additional Test an*
/
1>. 0o) !"ch dense is the ai beathed #o! a sc"ba tan* at a depth o# 77 #eet o# sea )ate than at sea level a. Sa!e density b. T)ice as dense c. Thee ti!es as dense d. 9o" ti!es as dense e. Depends on a!o"nt o# ai le#t in sc"ba tan* at that point ANS: ' 17. a. b. c. d.
'o!paed )ith odinay ai, co!pessed ai in a sc"ba tan* #illed to capacity has The sa!e gas co!position A geate pecentage o# o2ygen A geate pecentage o# nitogen Vaying co!position o# o2ygen and nitogen, depending on the tan* pess"e
ANS: A 1%. Nitogen nacosis a. Is independent o# the depth o# dive b. Is ca"sed #o! nitogen co!ing o"t o# sol"tion and #o!ing gas b"bbles in the cic"lation c. 8es"lts #o! lac* o# o2ygen going to the bain beca"se o# e2cess nitogen d. 8es"lts #o! nitogen dissolving in ne"on !e!banes and acting as an anesthetic e. 8es"lts #o! diving )ith an elevated blood alcohol level ANS: D 16. a. b. c. d.
Ac"te o2ygen poisoning o to2icity Is associated )ith sei+"es, na"sea, !"scle t)itching, and di++iness Is associated )ith the #o!ation o# o2ygen #ee adicals Is e2acebated by e2ecise All o# the above
ANS: D 15. a. b. c. d. e.
Sy!pto!s o# cabon dio2ide e2cess incl"de
ANS: D
'opyight = &$$7 by
Additional Test an* &$. a. b. c. d.
>
Deco!pession sic*ness is !ost co!!only ca"sed by 2ygen b"bbles Nitogen b"bbles 'abon dio2ide b"bbles @as b"bbles
ANS: &1. a. b. c. d.
Deco!pession sic*ness cc"s independent o# the depth o# a dive Is "s"ally associated )ith Eoint pain Is eli!inated i# heli"! is "sed in the beathing !i2t"e Is teated "sing hypobaic o2ygen
ANS: &&. a. b. c. d.
(hich o# the #ollo)ing tiss"e types ae the #astest to absob and elease nitogen 9at one 'atilage ;"scle
ANS: D
'opyight = &$$7 by