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Case Study: 30 St Mary Axe by Abbas Riazibeidokhti Submitted to: Günel, Tanyer, IlgÕn – Fall 2011
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM
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BS 536 GN CONSIDERATIO STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Fall 2011-2012 11-2012
Case Study: S 30 0 St Mary Axe by Abbas bas Riazibeidokhti eidokh
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OfficialName:30St.MaryAxe ry A 1 1 AlternativeNames:SwissReTower,TheGherkin es: Swiss Re Tower, The G Location:London,UnitedKingdom on, ed Kingdom 1 Usage:Office Office 1 1 Height(Architectural):179.80m t (Architectural): 179 1 NumberofStories:41Above,1BelowGround N r of ies 1 Construction:2000Ͳ2004 Con ion: 20 1 DesignArchitect:Foster+Partners esig h StructuralEngineer: ruc OveArup&Partners 1 1 MainContractor:SkanskaAS Ma StructuralSystem:TrussedTube 3 StructuralMaterial:Steel 1 Elevators:24 1 RoofSystem:Dome 2
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Assoc.P Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mehmet Halis Günel oc.Prof. Ali Murat Tanyer Assoc.Prof.Dr. Arch. H.Emre IlgÕn (MSc.)
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30ST.MARYAXE
ASUSTAINABLELANDMARKINLONDON
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Photo:Foster+Partners o: Foster+Part
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• THEDESIGNPROCESS
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Thewindeffect onsquare shape,orcylindrical shapetower
Photo:www.architectureweek.com
• THEDESIGNPROCESS
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Thecomputersimulationofwind Th co bloweffectonthetower
• THEDESIGNPROCESS
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U The Arrangem TheArrangementofBuilding’sFloors
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
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Morethantheouterdiagrid structure,therealsoexistasetofcolumns olumns which which elevato and other mainlycarrytheweightofcentralservicecore, containingelevatorsandother services.11
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The30St.MaryAxetowerisanexampleofTrussedTube structuralsystem.3 Inotherwords,themainweightiscarriedbytheouter diagrid (diagonalgrid)structure.
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TheColumnsWhichCarry The Columns Whi Weight of he WeightoftheServiceCore
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti
LeftPhoto:Foster+Partners – RightPhoto:DominicMunro,MAMIStructE,Ove ArupandPartners,London
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
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Eachflooriscircularandcontainsaninnerringattachedtothecolumns,andan olumn and n outerring attachedtothetrussedtubestructure. eams. Theseringsareattachedtoeachotherbyuseofradialbeams.
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TheRadialBeamsAttachingtheColumns totheDiagrid Structure Th
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti
Experienceofcreatingtheparametricmodel ofthetower; some alternatives (byAbbasRiazibeidokhti)
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SomeVirtualparametricModelsofthearchitects’ideasdonebytheSMG ome
• THEDESIGNPROCESS
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Aradialfloorplan withsixfingersspreadingoutfromacentralcorehasusedin core has use n s.7 The Thecoreto ore to thebuilding.Thiscorecontainselevators andotherservices. perimeter lengthsdifferindifferentfloorsfrom6.4m to13.1m. 13.1m.8
T E M A Floor Plan AFloorPlan oftheBuilding o the
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ParametricModelCreatedByAbbas Riazibeidokhti
TTheTrussedTubestructuralsystemoftheBuilding Tru
LeftPhoto:Yuming Shen ,GreenDesign&theCityBuildings– RightPhoto:www.aviewoncities.com
• THEDESIGNPROCESS
• THEDESIGNPROCESS
TheFoster+PartnersSpecialistModelingGroup’s (SMG)jobistohelpthe o help he e of AD (computer architectstomakevirtualmodelsoftheprojectsbytheuseofCAD(computer aideddesign)tools. ve a variety geometry fea Theyhaveusedparametricdesigninordertohaveavarietygeometryfeatures ign option in a ve andenablethemtoexploreahugerangeofdesignoptionsinaveryshort periodoftime.5
Photo:courtesyBradyPeters
Tryingdifferentshapesbyuseof parametricmodel
Photos:www.architectureweek.com
Thefloors’fingerscreatelightwells forlightpenetrationandnatural ural ow 8 This Thisrotation rotation ventilation.4 Eachfloorrotates5degreesfromtheonebelowit. simplifiestheairmovementandletthelighttocomedeepintothebuilding. ep into din
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LeftPhoto:www.habitables.co.ukͲ RightPhoto:www.not4attribution.blogspot.com
Byuseofthecomputermodelandsimulation ofwindcurrentsaroundthetower, around the tower, architectshavetriedtoreachtotheexactshape. them to ea Theadvantageofusingparametricmodeling,hashelpedthemtodecideabout shapeofbuilding,asitprovidesalargevarietyofshapestobeconsidered. f shape o b onsidered
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TheBalticExchangebuildingbeforeandafterthebombing
1)CTBUH,2)Emporis,3)Yuksek Binalar
Thedigitalsimulationmodelhas shownthattheconicalshape responds esponds bettertoair currents thanasquare one. 5 Moreover,conicalshapedecreasesthewindturbulence,andcreateswind and cre nd pressuretoassistthenaturalventilation. 4 Italsocreatesasmallfootprinttomaximizethepublicuse. public use 6
• HISTORYOFTHESITE
ThesitewaspreviouslyoccupiedbytheBalticExchange,Whichseverely severel damagedbyabombingin1992. the damage s s Therewasatendencytorestoretheoldbuilding,butasthedamagewassever, itwasdecidedforanewcommercialbuilding.4
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
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Diagrid isastructuralsystemmadeoftriangularstructuresandhorizontalrings, horizontal rings, whichisasuitablesystemforhighrisebuildings.9
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TheDiagrid SystemUsedintheGherkinTower,anditsJoints
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
• THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM
U T E M TheDiagrid The Diagrid Patt Patternofthe Building Buildin
LeftPhoto:IanMcCain, DiaGrid:StructuralEfficiency&IncreasingPopularity
TheRadialBeamsSupporttheFloorSlabs The Radial B
DrawnByAbbas Drawn B Riazibeidokhti RightPhoto:BillFedun,30St.MaryAxebyFosterandPartners,2005
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti
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Theradialbeamssupportsteeldecking basedcompositefloorslabs.Thesizeof labs. The siz of at each vel. thecoreisconstant,buttheouterfloorsvary indiameterateachlevel.
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Thediagrid structuralsystemhasbeenwidelyusedforrecenttallbuildingsdue l buildings due toitsstructuralefficiencyandaestheticpotentials.10
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DrawnBy Abbas Riazibeidokhti
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Atthetoppartofthetower,underthedomeof f provides a building,thereexistsarestaurant whichprovidesa 360degreesview ofLondon.
• REFERENCES:
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Photos:BillFedun,30St.MaryAxebyFosterandPartners,2005
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1Ͳ www.CTBUH.org,CTBUHTallBuildingsDatabase 2Ͳ www.emporis.com 3Ͳ Yuksek Binalar,M.Halis Gunel &H.Emre Ilgin,2010 4Ͳ SwissReBuilding,CasestudybyChrisStevens,2009 09 5Ͳ MarianneFreiberger ,Perfectbuildings:themaths hs ofmodernarchitecture,2007, moder architec MillenniumMathematicsProject,UniversityofCambridge sity of Cambridge 6Ͳ SwissReHQ,30St.MaryAxe.FosterandPartners.4October2009. and rtners. 4 October www.fosterandpartners.com/Projects/1004/Default.aspx oje 04/Default.a 7Ͳ Spring,Martin.“30StMaryAxe:Agherkintosuitalltastes”. M e: A to suit Building.co.uk.2008Issue16.6October2009. Issu 16 obe www.building.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=3111783 co.uk/story.asp?storycod 8Ͳ Yumingg Shen,GreenDesignandtheCityBuildings:TheGherkin,LondonOctober15, She en D and th 2009 9ͲͲ Ian IanMcCain, DiaGrid:StructuralEfficiency&IncreasingPopularity McCain, D tr Structures,Schoolof 10Ͳ 0Ͳ K. K.Moon,DesignandConstructionofSteelDiagrid Moon, Design Architecture,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,USA,2009 chitecture, Ya 11Ͳ MCRMA(TheMetalCladding&RoofingManufacturersAssociationLTD),“30St MCRM MaryAxeLondon”,CaseStudy001 Mary
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