KIMIA
ASAM DAN BASA
SMA Negeri Bali Mandara Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Bali Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 30 Tahun 2019
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KIM-3.10/4.10/4/3-20
ASAM DAN BASA
a. Nama Mata Pelajaran b. Semester c. Kompetensi Dasar
: Kimia XI (Peminatan) : 4 (empat) :
3.10. Menjelaskan konsep asam dan basa serta kekuatannya dan kesetimbangan pengionannya dalam larutan 4.10. Menganalisis trayek perubahan pH beberapa indikator yang diekstrak dari bahan alam melalui ercobaan d. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi: 3.10.1. 3.10.2. 3.10.3. 3.10.4. 3.10.5. 3.10.6. 3.10.7.
Menjelaskan konsep asam basa menurut arrhenius. Menjelaskan konsep asam basa menurut Bronsted Lowry. Menjelaskan konsep asam basa menurut Lewis. Menjelaskan tentang indikator asam basa, Menentukan bahan-bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator Menentukan kekuatan larutan asam dan larutan basa Menghubungkan pH asam lemah/basa lemah dengan pH asam kuat/basa kuat dari hasil percobaan untuk mendapatkan derajat pengionan (a) atau tetapan pengionan asam/basa (Ka/Kb). 3.10.8. Menghitung pH larutan asam kuat dan basa kuat serta asam lemah dan basa lemah dari data konsentrasinya. 4.10.1. Merancang dan melakukan percobaan untuk pembuatan indikator alami. 4.10.2. Merancang dan melakukan percobaan untuk mengukur pH larutan asam kuat dan asam lemah serta basa kuat dan basa lemah yang konsentrasinya sama dengan indikator universal.
e. Materi Pokok f. Alokasi Waktu g. Tujuan Pembelajaran
: Asam dan Basa : 14 JP/6 JP :
Hai Kawan .... Apa sich tujuan kita belajar “Asam Basa” ini?
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Dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) melalui praktikum, diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, penugasan, presentasi presentasi dan dan analisis, kalian diminta dapat membandingkan membandingkan konsep asam basa menurut Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry dan Lewis, menjelaskan bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai indicator, memprediksi pH larutan dengan menggunakan beberapa indikator, menghitung pH larutan asam kuat dan larutan basa kuat, menghitung nilai Ka larutan asam lemah atau Kb larutan basa lemah yang diketahui konsentrasi dan pHnya dan melakukan percobaan membuat indikator asam basa dari bahan alam dan melaporkannya. Kalian juga diminta dapat menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya; mengembangkan sikap sosial seperti disiplin, jujur, kerjasama dan proaktif; dan dan dapat mengembangkan kecakapan hidup abad 21 seperti kemampuan berpikir kritis, berkomunikasi, berkolaborasi, dan dan berkreasi (4C), (4C), serta mampu mengakses, memahami dan menggunakan informasi secara cerdas sebagai bentuk konkret dari literasi.
Mari Kawan .... Perkuat literasi kita dengan rajin membaca!.
h. Materi Pembelajaran ▪ Faktual : Kekuatan keasaman setiap larutan berbeda, begitupun dengan kekuatan kebasaan setiap l arutan berbeda. ▪
Konseptual : ✓
Asam adalah zat yang didalam air dapat melepas ion H + (teori Arrhenius).
✓
Basa merupakan zat yang didalam air dapat melepas ion OH - (teori Arrhenius).
✓
Asam lemah tidak mengion sempurna. Oleh karena itu, konsentrasi ion H + dalam larutan tidak dapat dikaitkan secara stoikiometris dengan konsentrasi asam.
✓
Asam kuat adalah Asam kuat mengion sempurna, pH larutan dapat ditentukan jika konsentrasi asam di ketahui. [ H + ] = M x valensi asam, pH =log [ H +].
✓
Basa kuat yaitu senyawa basa yang dalam larutannya terionisasi menjadi ion-ionnya.
✓
Basa Lemah yaitu senyawa asam yang dalam larutannya terionisasi menjadi ion-ionnya.
✓
Derajat ionisasi merupakan perbandingan antara jumlah zat yang mengion dengan jumlah zat mula – mula.
▪
Prosedural :
Melakukan kerja ilmiah mulai dari merancang dan menyajikan hasil percobaan
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a. Petunjuk Umum UKBM 1) Baca dan pahami materi pahami materi pada Buku Teks: Sudarmo, Unggul. 2013. Kimia untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI . Jakarta: Erlangga. 2) Setelah memahami isi materi dalam bacaan berlatihlah untuk berfikir tinggi melalui tinggi melalui tugastugas yang terdapat pada UKBM ini baik bekerja sendiri maupun bersama teman sebangku atau teman lainnya. 3) Kerjakan UKBM Kerjakan UKBM ini ini dibuku kerja atau langsung mengisikan pada bagian yang telah disediakan. 4) Kalian dapat belajar bertahap dan berlanjut melalui kegiatan ayo kegiatan ayo berlatih, berlatih, apabila kalian yakin sudah paham dan mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan-permasalahan dalam kegiatan belajar 1, 2, 3, dan 4, kalian boleh sendiri atau mengajak teman lain yang sudah siap untuk mengikuti tes formatif agar kalian dapat belajar ke UKBM berikutnya (jika belum memenuhi KKM kalian KKM kalian harus mempelajari ulang materi ini kemudian minta tes lagi sampai memenuhi KKM, KKM = 75). 5) Jangan lupa melalui pembelajaran ini kalian harus dapat menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianut; bisa mengembangkan sikap sosial seperti jujur, peduli, dan bertanggung jawab; bisa mengembangkan kecakapan hidup abad 21 seperti kemampuan berpikir kritis, berkomunikasi, berkolaborasi, dan berkreasi (4C), serta mampu mengakses, memahami dan menggunakan informasi secara cerdas sebagai bentuk konkret dari literasi.
b. Pendahuluan Sebelum belajar pada materi ini silahkan kalian membaca dan memahami cerita di bawah ini.
Asam dan Basa memiliki sifat-sifat yang berbeda, sehingga kita bisa menentukan sifat suatu larutan. Untuk menentukan suatu larutan bersifat asam atau basa, ada beberapa cara. Yang pertama menggunakan indikator warna, yang akan menunjukkan sifat suatu larutan dengan perubahan warna yang terjadi. Misalnya Lakmus, akan berwarna merah dalam larutan yang bersifat asam dan akan berwarna biru dalam larutan yang bersifat basa. Sifat asam basa suatu larutan juga dapat ditentukan dengan mengukur pH-nya. pH merupakan suatu parameter yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tingkat keasaman larutan. Larutan asam memiliki pH kurang dari 7, larutan basa memiliki pH lebih dari 7, sedangkan netral pH nya 7. Benarkah pernyataan tersebut? Jelaskan jawaban anda. ................................................................................................................................................................................
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Anak-anak .... Untuk dapat menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut, silahkan kalian lanjutkan ke kegiatan belajar berikut dan ikuti petunjuk yang ada dalam UKBM ini.
c. Kegiatan Inti Ayo kawan-kawan…… Kita ikuti kegiatan belajar berikut dengan penuh kesabaran dan konsentrasi!!!
Bacalah uraian singkat materi dan contoh berikut dengan penuh konsentrasi! Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita menemukan banyak zat yang asam dan basa, apakah itu suatu zat yang berasal dari dari alam atau buatan pabrik pabrik bahan atau produksi. produksi. AsamAsam dan basa dari suatu suatu larutan dapat dijelaskan menggunakan beberapa teori, yaitu teori asam-basa Arrhenius, teori asambasa Bronsted-Lowry, dan teori asam-basa Lewis. Ketiga teori ini mempunyai dasar pemikiran yang berbeda, tetapi saling melengkapi dan memperkaya. Hal-hal yang tidak bisa dijelaskan oleh teori dan tidak bertentangan dengan teori Arrhenius dapat dijelaskan dan dilengkapi oleh Bronsted-Lowry dan Arrhenius. Demikian juga teori Lewis dapat melengkapi hal-hal terkait asam-basa yang dikemukakan oleh Bronsted-Lowry . A. SIFAT ASAM-BASA SUATU LARUTAN Perhatikan gambar jeruk dan asam sulfat berikut! Pernahkah kalian memakan jeruk? Bagaimana rasanya?
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Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................
Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini!
1.
Bagaimana perubahan warna lakmus pada larutan asam? ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.
Bagaimana perubahan warna lakmus pada larutan basa? ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Derajat Keasaman (pH) adalah kekuatan relatif asam atau basa dari larutan.
3.
Bagaimanakah sifat asam dan basa berdasarkan gambar rentang pH di atas! .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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B. TEORI ASAM DAN BASA 1. Teori Asam-basa Arrhenius HF H+ + F– H2C2O42H++ C2O42H3PO33 H++ PO33–
ASAM BASA
KOH K++ OH– Ba(OH)2Ba2++2OH– Fe(OH)3 Fe3++ 3OH–
Berdasarkan data informasi di atas, silakan tuliskan rumusan masalah yang muncul dari hal tersebut di kolom berikut ini! Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................
1.1 Asam menurut Arrhenius Perhatikan reaksi ionisasi beberapa senyawa asam menurut Arrhenius yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut air seperti pada tabel berikut dan lengkapilah! Tabel 1. Reaksi ionisasi beberapa senyawa asam menurut Arrhenius yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut air Senyawa Jumlah ion No. Reaksi Ionisasi Kelompok Asam Asam H+ 1 HCl HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) .......... Asam monoprotik + 2. HNO3 HNO3(aq) H (aq) + NO3 (aq) .......... .......... + 3. H2S H2S(aq) H (aq) +HS (aq) .......... .......... HS-(aq) H+(aq) + S 2-(aq) 4. HBr HBr(aq) H+(aq) + Br-(aq) .......... .......... + 5. H2SO4 H2SO4(aq) H (aq) + HSO4 (aq) .......... Asam diprotik + 2HSO4 (aq) H (aq) + SO4 (aq) 6. H2CO3 H2CO3(aq) H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) .......... .......... + 2HCO3 (aq) H (aq) + CO3 (aq) 7. H3PO4 H3PO4(aq) H+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) .......... Asam triprotik + 2H2PO4 (aq) H (aq) + H2PO4 (aq) HPO42-(aq) H+(aq) + PO43-(aq)
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Tabel 2. Reaksi ionisasi beberapa senyawa asam menurut Arrhenius yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut air Senyawa Jumlah No. Reaksi Ionisasi Kelompok Basa basa ion OH1 NaOH NaOH (aq) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) .......... Basa monohidroksi 2. Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) .......... Basa dihidroksi 2+ 3. Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg (aq) + 2OH (aq) .......... .......... 3+ 4. Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3(aq) Al (aq) + 3OH (aq) .......... Basa trihidroksi 5. NH3 NH3(aq) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) .......... .......... 1. Berdasarkan Tabel 2 yang telah kalian lengkapi di atas, beberapa senyawa basa yang dilarutkan dalam air akan terioisasi meng hasilkan ion ….. 2. Berdasarkan jumlah ion OH - yang dihasilkan dari reaksi ionisasi di atas, maka: a. Basa monohidroksi yaitu …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… b. Basa dihidroksi adalah ............................................................................................................................................... c. Basa trihidroksi adalah …………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………. ……………. 3. Dari beberapa reaksi ionisasi tersebut, dapat didefinisikan bahwa menurut Arrhenius basa adalah …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………….………………………… …………….……………………………………………… …………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………. …………………………. 2. Teori Asam-basa Bronsted-Lowry Perhatikan reaksi ionisasi berikut ini!
Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..........................................................................................................................................
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Jadi, berdasarkan persamaan reaksi di atas: 1. Asam adalah
2. Basa adalah
3. Basa konjugasi adalah
4. Asam konjugasi adalah
Perhatikan reaksi beberapa senyawa senyawa asam menurut Bronsted-Lowry seperti pada tabel berikut dan lengkapilah! Bolak balik ya! No. Reaksi Ionisasi Asam Basa Asam Basa Konjugasi Konjugasi + + 1 NH4 (aq) + H2O(aq) NH3(aq)+ H3O (aq) ... ... ... ... 222. HSO4 (aq) + CO3 (aq) SO4 (aq) + HCO3 (aq) ... ... ... ... + 3. H2O(l) + NH3(aq) NH4 (aq) + OH (aq) ... ... ... ... + 4. CH3NH2 (aq) + HClO(aq) CH3NH3 (aq ) + ClO (aq) ... ... ... ...
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3. Teori asam-basa Lewis
Asam Rumusan Masalah
Basa
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Ion H+ merupakan ............ Lewis karena mampu .......................... pasangan elektron, sedangkan NH3 merupakan ............ Lewis karena mampu ............................... pasangan elektron. Jadi berdasarkan persamaan persamaan reaksi di atas, 1. Asam Lewis adalah
2. Basa Lewis adalah
Tentukan asam Lewis dan basa Lewis pada persamaan reaksi berikut. a. Ag+ + 2NH3 Ag (NH3)2+ b. BF3+ F BF4-
a. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................
b. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................
KESIMPULAN Teori Asam Basa menurut Arhennius adalah
Teori Asam Basa menurut Bronsted-Lowry adalah
Teori Asam Basa menurut Lewis adalah
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Selesaikan soal-soal berikut! Tulis reaksi ionisasi zat-zat berikut di dalam pelarut air menurut teori Arrhenius. 1. a.
HCOOH, HClO2, H2S, H2CO3, HNO2. ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ……………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………
b.
2.
NH4OH, Be(OH)2, Al(OH)3. ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………
Berikan masing-masing satu contoh asam monoprotik, poliprotik serta basa monohidroksi dan polihidroksi. Tulis reaksi ionisasinya. …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ……………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………
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Mari kita melakukan PERCOBAAN/EKSPERIMEN PERCOBAAN/EK SPERIMEN !!!
INDIKATOR ASAM DAN BASA Kalian telah mempelajari konsep Asam Basa di materi sebelumnya. Jika kalian mempunyai suatu larutan, bagaimanakah kalian dapat mengetahui larutan tersebut bersifat asam atau basa? Cara mengetahuinya tentunya tanpa boleh memegang, mencicipi, ataupun membaui karena sebagian besar zat kimia merupakan zat yang berbahaya. Cara yang tepat untuk menentukan sifat larutan itu asam atau basa adalah dengan menggunakan indikator asam basa. Mari melakukan percobaan membuat indikator asam basa dari bahan alam (indikator alami) seperti berikut. ALAT Mortar dan alu (1/5) Gelas ukur (1/5) Tabung reaksi (8/5) Corong kaca (1/5) Gelas Kimia 100 mL (3/5) Selop tangan (1/5) CARA KERJA
BAHAN Larutan HCl Larutan NaOH Kertas saring Indikator Alami (Misalnya kol ungu, jeruk, kunyit, dan bunga kembang sepatu, cari bahanbahan alam di sekitar kalian!) Aquades (H 2O)
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No
4.
Bahan
Perubahan warna (+HCl) Warna awal Warna akhir
Perubahan warna (+NaOH) Warna awal Warna akhir
Bunga sepatu*
Catatan: *Bahan bisa diganti dengan bahan lain sesuai yang ada di lingkungan kalian
Jawablah pertanyaan berikut! 1. Bagaimana perubahan warna yang terjadi pada masing-masing indikator alami?
2. Bagaimanakah bahan yang mengalami perubahan warna paling nyata, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami?
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Tetapan kesetimbangan : K=
[H+]……… ……… ………
Karena jumlah molekul air yang terionisasi sangat kecil, sehingga [H 2O] = tetap. K[H2O] = ............ Nilai K[H2O] dilambangkan K w = tetapan kesetimbangan air , sehingga diperoleh: Kw = ............ Pada suhu 25ºC, diketahui nilai K w adalah ........ mol2 L-2, dan dari reaksi kesetimbangan air diatas, menunjukkan bahwa [H +] = [OH-], maka Kw = [H+]2 = [OH-]2 [H+] = ........ mol/L dan [OH-] = ........ mol/L.
Pengaruh Asam Basa terhadap Kesetimbangan Air No 1.
Uraian
Asam Kuat
Basa Kuat
Sifat Ionisasi (sempurna/tak sempurna)
2.
Misal, Reaksi HCl 0,1 M dan NaOH 0,1 M a.
Konsentrasi [H+] dan [OH -]
b.
Konsentrasi dibandingkan +
-
konsentrasi [H ] atau [OH ]
HCl(aq) → ....(aq) + ....(aq)
NaOH(aq) → ....(aq) + ....(aq)
0,1 M ~ ........... ...........
0,1 M ~ ........... ...........
a.
[H+] = ........
b. [H+] ........ 10-7 M
a.
[OH-] = ........
b. [OH-] ........ 10-7 M
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No
Uraian
Asam Lemah
1.
Sifat Ionisasi
2.
Reaksi umum
HA(aq)
3.
Tetapan Kesetimbangan
K a =
4.
Konsentrasi dan hubungannya
[H+] =
5.
Pengertian/hubungan derajat
α=
……… ………
α=
……… ………
α =
……… √ …….
α=
……… √ …….
⇌ ......
Basa Lemah
(aq) +
……………… ………………
......(aq)
BOH(aq)
Kb =
⇌ ......
(aq) +
……………… ………………
[OH-] =
ionisasi
Perhatikan gambar berikut! a.
50 mL HCl 0,1 M, pH = 1
b.
50 mL CH3COOH 0,1 M, pH = 3
......(aq)
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Kegiatan 1. Derajat ionisasi Lengkapilah rekasi ionisasi dan reaksi disosiasi berikut untuk menjawab pertanyaanpertanyaan berikutnya! a. b. c. d. 1.
HCl(aq) CH3COOH(aq) Ca(OH)2(aq) Zn(OH)2 (aq)
+ + + +
... ... ... ...
: :
Senyawa asam dan basa manakah yang terionisasi sempurna (α = 1) ? Asam Basa
3.
... ... ... ...
Berdasarkan Teori Arrhenius, senyawa manakah yang merupakan senyawa asam dan senyawa manakah yang merupakan senyawa basa ? Asam Basa
2.
→ → → →
: :
Senyawa asam dan basa manakah yang terionisasi sebagian (α < 1) ?
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Kekuatan asam H 3PO4 > HF > HNO 2 > H2CO3 > CH3COOH Kekuatan basa H 2PO4- > F- > NO2- > NO2- > CH3COO1. Bagaimana hubungan kekuatan asam dengan harga K a?
2. Bagaimana hubungan kekuatan basa dengan harga K b?
Kegiatan 3. Hubungan α dengan K a Cermati wacana berikut! Seperti yang telah diketahui bersama bahwa derajat ionisasi merupakan jumlah zat yang mengion dibagi dengan jumlah zat mula-mula.
zat yang mengion = jumlah jumlah jum lah zat mula mula mula
Jika konsentrasi elektrolit (zat mula-mula) adalah M molar, maka persamaan di atas dapat ditulis sebagai berikut!
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Kekuatan Asam dan Kekuatan Basa Bagaimanakah Anda mengetahui asam cuka dengan asam sulfat lebih asam yang mana? Tidak mungkin anda mencicipinya. Untuk membedakannya, kita perlu besaran yang dapat menyatakan kekuatan asam atau kekuatan basa suatu senyawa. Besaran apakah itu? Coba diskusikan dengan teman sekelompok Anda. Lalu simpulkan hasil diskusi kalian. Kekuatan asam dapat dilihat menggunakan besaran ............. Semakin besar ............................................ maka semakin banyak ion H+ yang dihasilkan atau semakin kuat asam tersebut. Semakin besar ............................................ maka semakin banyak ion OH- yang dihasilkan atau semakin kuat basa tersebut.
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e.
Larutan NH3 0,1 M Ka = 1,8 x 10 -5
2. Manakah yang lebih kuat derajat keasamannya? HIO3 Ka = 1,6 x 10 -1 atau HbrO Ka = 2,3 x 10 -9 ? Jelaskan alasanmu!
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Larutan bersifat basa jika pH ...... 7 Semakin kecil pH, maka semakin ...... suatu asam. Semakin besar pH, maka semakin ...... suatu basa.
Permasalahan
HCl 0,1 M
CH3COOH 0,1 M
NaOH 0,1 M
NH3 0,1 M
pH = 1
pH = 3
pH = 13
pH = 9
Berdasarkan gambar yang ditampilkan oleh guru rumuskanlah beberapa pertanyaan:
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5.
Zat yang mempunyai derajat ionisasi α = 1 akan terurai sempurna di dalam air membentuk ion ionnya sehingga konsentrasi ion-ionnya dapat diketahui. Hitunglah konsentrasi H + dan SO 42dalam larutan H2SO4!
6.
Hitung pH larutan H 2SO4!
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3.
Nilai pOH larutan tersebut adalah
4.
Berdasarkan nilai pOH, maka nilai pH larutan tersebut adalah ....
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Diskusikan bersama kelompok kalian untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini! Reaksi 1: Reaksi antara asam kuat dan basa kuat dengan jumlah jumlah yang tepat habis bereaksi.
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3.
Spesi manakah yang mempengaruhi harga pH larutan hasil reaksi tersebut? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
Bagaimana penentuan pH larutan hasil reaksi tersebut? ✓ Reaksi ionisasi spesi yang mempengaruhi harga pH: ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ✓
Penentuan [H +]/[OH-] dan pH ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ………………………
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KESIMPULAN Reaksi
Spesi yang mempengaruhi harga pH
pH
Sifat larutan
1
….
….
….
2
….
….
….
3
….
….
….
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2. Tentukan derajat ionisasi larutan CH 3COOH yang memiliki pH=3 dan nilai Ka CH 3COOH=10−5!
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DATA PENGAMATAN A. Kertas Lakmus
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Rubrik Evaluasi Diri No
Pertanyaan
Ya
Tidak