1 A RAINBOW ON YOUR PLATE PLATE
Nowadays, we are are all aware of the fact fact that we (1) _______ _______ be be eating a healthy healthy diet. We get advice from (2) _______ ; T, radio, maga!ines, boo"s, videos and the #nternet as well ($) _______ friends, colleag%es and family. Well, if yo% find all this advice a little conf%sing, then there is now a m%ch sim&ler sol%tion, dieting by colo%r. The 'olo%r iet is () _______ on the theory that the nat%ral colo%r of food reflects (*) _______ n%tritional content. +or eam&le green foods (-) _______ as broccoli, s&inach and lett%ce () _______ high levels of beta/ carotene and gl%cose. These hel& red%ce the ris" of cancer, are a good so%rce of iron and act as &owerf%l antioidants, while yellow foods li"e bananas, corn and lemons have &otassi%m and vitamin ' which can red%ce the &ain of arthritis, red%ce stress and be a good so%rce (0) _______ energy. The &rinci&les of the colo%r diet are very easy to follow. a"e s%re that each meal contains a () _______ _______ of colo%rs, and yo% will be eating a balanced, healthy diet. 3%t remember, the colo%rs have to be nat%ral. 4ating a &ac"et of 5marties a day will not give yo% anything (16) _______ toothache. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. will 7. anywhere 7. as 7. fied 7. its 7. li"e 7. add 7. in 7. variety 7. from
3. need 3. somewhere 3. by 3. based 3. his 3. s%ch 3. own 3. to 3. minim%m 3. b%t
'. o%ght '. everywhere '. from '. written '. her '. similar '. need '. of '. blend '. a&art
. sho%ld . elsewhere . to . formed . their . incl%ding . contain . for . &attern . ece&t
2
8n ecember , 102, 'a&tain avid oreho%se s&otted another shi&. #t was sailing witho%t direction, (1) _______ he a&&roached it in (2) _______ to offer hel&. ($) _______, when he reached the shi& he fo%nd that it () _______ been aban abando done ned. d. (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ ever everyt ythi hing ng was was so soa" a"ed ed with with seaw seawat ater er,, 'a&t 'a&tai ain n
oreho%se managed to sail it to 9ibraltar. The name of the shi& was ary 'eleste and what ha&&ened to the crew remains a mystery. The shi&:s cargo consisted of ind%strial alcohol and, according to one theory, this (-) _______ have started to lea". () _______ that the shi& was abo%t to go %& in flames, the ca&tain (0) _______ have ordered everyone into the lifeboat, () _______ then became se&arated from the shi&. owever, it is %nli"ely that we will ever find (16) _______ _______ the tr%th. tr%th. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. so 7. &%r&ose 7. Therefore 7. has 7. es&ite 7. an 7. 3elieved 7. might 7. that 7. off
3. since 3. intention 3. owever 3. was 3. owever 3. may 3. 3elieve 3. can 3. which 3. on
'. b%t '. order '. Net '. were '. 7ltho%gh '. can:t '. 3elieving '. o%ght '. who '. in
. beca%se . aim . 7s a res%lt . had . 3eca%se . will . 3elief . sho%ld . where . o%t
3 BETTE NESMITH GRAHAM - A WOMAN IN BUSINESS
3ette Nesmith 9raham had always wanted to be an artist, b%t in the 16s, she was a (1) _______ mother with a child to (2) _______. 5he learned ty&ing and fo%nd wor" as a secretary. 5he was an efficient em&loyee who was ($) _______ of her wor" and tried to find a better way to correct ty&ing. 5he remembered that artists &ainted over their mista"es, so why not ty&ists< With With this idea in () _______, 9raham &%t &aint, the same colo%r as the office office stationery, into a bottle and too" her br%sh to wor". 5he %sed this to correct her ty&ing mista"es and her boss never (*) _______. 5oon everyone in the office was %sing it. #n 1*-, 9raham started the ista"e 8%t 'om&any from her home. er "itchen (-) _______ a laboratory in which she mied %& an im&roved &rod%ct () _______ _______ her food mier. 7ltho%gh 7ltho%gh she wor"ed (0) _______ _______ ho%rs, she made little money. Then, one day she made a mista"e at wor" that she co%ldn:t correct, and
her boss sac"ed her. 5he now had the time to () _______ to selling =i>%id ?a&er, and the b%siness boomed. 3y 1-, it was a million/dollar (16) _______. 1. 2. $, . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. single 7. carry 7. &leased 7. heart 7. fo%nd 7. became 7, into 7. large 7. &ass 7. wor"
3. lonely 3. s%&&ort 3. arrogant 3. mind 3. %nderstood 3. converted 3. by 3. long 3. s&end 3. &rod%ction
'. alone '. &rovide '. boastf%l '. head '. realised '. t%rned '. with '. great '. invest '. b%siness
. solitary . maintain . &ro%d . tho%ght . recognised . develo&ed . thro%gh . slow . devote . trade
4 THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY FACTORY
Wo%ld yo% li"e a @ob where yo% co%ld eat chocolate (1) _______ day< Well, s%ch a @ob does eistA id yo% "now that most chocolate factories (2) _______ chocolate tasters< Their @ob is to taste the chocolate while it is being ($) _______ and say if it is too sweet or too bitter. Bo% have to be very good at tasting different () _______ and yo% have to comment on (*) _______ the chocolate feels as well. #s it smooth or cr%nchy< Cnfort%nately, yo% can:t @%st go along and say yo% li"e chocolate that, #:m afraid, is not eno%ghA ost chocolate tasters have a degree (-) _______ _______ food technology and yo% will not be able to wor" () _______ yo% have had lots of training. Then yo% have to go thro%gh several (0) _______ before yo% can be selected. #f yo% thin" yo% wo%ld be good at chocolate tasting then try to develo& yo%r taste b%ds by tasting different chocolate () _______ blindfold. 5ee if yo% can tell what ty&e of chocolate it is. #f yo% get a @ob li"e this, yo% will not be well/&aid b%t most tasters en@oy their @ob so m%ch that (16) _______ is not very im&ortant. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. whole 7. em&loy 7. carried o%t 7. scents 7. what
3. all 3. %se 3. done 3. odo%rs 3. why
'. entire '. %tili!e '. made '. smells '. how
. each . rent . fabricated . flavo%rs . if
-, . 0. . 16.
7. of 7. when 7. e&eriments 7. bars 7. income
3. abo%t 3. %ntil 3. trials 3. stic"s 3. &ayment
'. on '. altho%gh '. tests '. rods '. wage
. in . after . eams . &ieces . &ay
5 GREENPEACE
9reen&eace is an inde&endent organisation that cam&aigns to &rotect the en/ vironment. #t has a&&roimately .* million members worldwide in 1*0 co%ntries, $66.666 of these in the Cnited Dingdom. (1) _______ in North 7merica in 11, it has since o&ened offices ro%nd the world. 7s (2) _______ as its cam&aigning ($) _______, it also has a charitable tr%st which () _______ scientific research and (*) _______ ed%cational &ro@ects on environmental iss%es. 9reen&eace (-) _______ _______ in non/violent non/violent direct action. 7ctivists 7ctivists () _______ &%blic attention to serio%s threats to the environment. (0) _______ iss%es on which the organisation is cam&aigning incl%de the atmos&here (global warming), the () _______ of the rainforests and toic (16) _______ being emitted from factories. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. 3%ilt 7. long 7. wor" 7. &ays 7. %nderta"es 7. acce&ts 7. get 7. '%rrent 7. r%in 7. leftovers
3. ?rod%ced 3. well 3. @ob 3. f%nds 3. engages 3. believes 3. &ay 3. Eecent 3. etinction 3. litter
'. #nvented '. good '. occ%&ation '. rewards '. commits '. holds ', draw '. #mmediate '. destr%ction '. r%bbish
. +ormed . far . &osition . earns . enters . de&ends . ta"e . Net . downfall . waste
6
'an yo% imagine wor"ing on a writing &ro@ect for seventeen years< F.D. Eowl/ ing first (1) _______ %& with the idea of arry ?otter in 16 b%t it was not %ntil 266 that she finally com&leted the last boo" in the series. #n 16, of co%rse, she had no idea how m%ch arry wo%ld ta"e (2) _______ her life, or that she wo%ld
end ($) _______ as a m%ltimillionaire. 3%t () _______ then, the boo"s have been translated into over -6 lang%ages and also been made into films, each of which has been a (*) _______ with cinema a%diences. #t is not @%st F.D. Eowling:s life which which has been trans transfo form rmed. ed. Th Thee same same can be said said of aniel aniel Eadcli Eadcliff ffe, e, the the teenage actor who (-) _______ arry ?otter. 7ltho%gh he made his acting () _______ _______ in 1, it was in the role of arry ?otter that he fo%nd his ro%te to (0) _______. _______. The final film is e&ected to come o%t in 2616. 3y then aniel will () _______ _______ been acting in this role for ten years. 7nd after seventeen years, has Eowling now (16) _______ o%t of ideas< #t seems not. 5he is c%rrently writing two new boo"s, one for ad%lts and one for children, and is also &lanning to com&ile an encyclo&aedia of the arry ?otter world. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 5. . 16
7. came 7. o%t 7. in 7. after 7. blow 7. &lays 7. debate 7. stardom 7. has 7. ta"en
3. went 3. %& 3. %& 3. %ntil 3. "noc" 3. &erforms 3. deb%t 3. stard%st 3. be 3. come
'. too" '. over '. down '. for '. hit '. shows '. debris '. starb%rst '. have '. gone
. bro%ght . off . o%t . since . smash . ma"es . debit . starlight . was . r%n
7 THE PRICE OF FAME
'harlotte 'h%rch loo"s li"e a normal teenager, b%t she is far from average. 5he has an ama!ing voice. er fans stand in (1) _______ for ho%rs to get tic"ets for her concerts, and she is often on television. 'harlotte:s singing (2) _______ began when she &erformed on a T show at the age of 11. The head of a record com&any was so im&ressed by her voice that he ($) _______ her %& on the s&ot. er first alb%m rose to n%mber one in the charts. 'harlotte still attends school in her home town when she can. () _______, she is often away on to%r for wee"s at a time. 5he doesn:t miss o%t on lessons, tho%gh, beca%se she ta"es her own t%tor with herA 5he (*) _______ three ho%rs
every morning with him. er eam res%lts in all the (-) _______ she st%dies are im&ressive. 3%t how does she () _______ with this %n%s%al %n%s%al way of life< 5he (0) _______ that she has the same friends as before. That may be tr%e, b%t she can no longer go into town with then beca%se everybody sto&s her in the street to as" for her () _______. _______. #t seems that, li"e most stars, she m%st learn to (16) _______ _______ these re / strictions and the lac" of &rivacy. #t:s the &rice of fame. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. rows 7. &rofession 7. wrote 7. owever 7. ta"es 7. titles 7. co&e 7. denies 7. signat%re 7. loo" down on
3. files 3. @ob 3. signed 3. While 3. s&ends 3. materials 3. ad@%st 3. ref%ses 3. a%togra&h 3. ma"e do with
'. ran"s '. career '. made '. +or '. %tilises '. lessons '. bear '. insists '. sign '. r%n o%t of
, >%e%es . labo%r . &ic"ed . 7ltho%gh . %ses . s%b@ects . tolerate . com&lains . writing . &%t %& with
8 REGRETS
ost of %s are always forgetting im&ortant dates, (1) _______ from the l%c"y few who are blessed with a good memory or the (2) _______ to organi!e them/ selves so they don:t forget im&ortant obligations. ow many times have we all said, G# wish # had rememberedAH ow often have we ($) _______ &eo&le by failing to remember their birthdays or name days< 7ltho%gh they say it doesn:t matter, we "now, dee& down, that we have h%rt their () _______. We can always try to ma"e it (*) _______ to them net time b%t %nfort%nately %nfort%nately the (-) _______ _______ has been done and o%r relationshi& relationshi& with that &erson can never >%ite be the same again. again. 8n the the other other () () __ ____ ____ ___, _, we somet sometim imes es do too too m% m%ch ch for for someo someone ne else else beca%se we want to &lease them and then then feel we have damaged o%r own own interests in (0) _______ doing. When friends are involved we may find it diffic%lt to say GnoH when they as" %s to () _______ them a favo%r, b%t tr%e friendshi& sho%ld
mean that we can say GnoH witho%t ris" (16) _______ the relationshi&. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. off 7. ca&acity 7. wo%nded 7. so%ls 7. bac" 7. damage 7. a&&roach 7. so 7. fetch 7. for
3. ece&t 3. ability 3. h%rt 3. sentiments 3. %& 3. in@%ries 3. way 3. s%ch 3. ma"e 3. to
'. away '. &roficiency '. in@%red '. feelings '. for '. detriments '. methods '. th%s '. do '. towards
. a&art . a&tit%de . offended . emotions . again . losses . hand . that . bring . with
9 AIRPORT ROBBER GETS 20 YEARS
The leader of a gang of thieves who stole I* million from a 3elgian air&ort was yesterday (1) _______ to 26 years in &rison. The igh 'o%rt in 3r%ssels heard that Eic"y 'ools, aged $*, had remained in the co%ntry after the robbery had ta"en (2) _______ beca%se of his ($) _______ of flying. The co%rt was told that the gang had () _______ themselves as sec%rity g%ards in order to gain access to the air&ort and (*) _______ the crime. 8nce inside the restricted area, they had (-) _______ _______ a sec%rity vehicle, firing several warning () _______ from their a%tomatic wea&ons. They then (0) _______ the cash and ran to a waiting light aircraft, which immediately left the co%ntry. 'ools, however, &referred to wal" thro%gh the air&ort terminal to the railway station. e was later () _______ on a train bo%nd for 7msterdam, after he was recognised by &olice (16) _______ closed circ%it television at the station. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. convicted 7. &art 7. fright 7. wra&&ed 7. commit 7. blac"mailed 7. shots 7. &lanted 7. hi@ac"ed 7. loo"ing
3. sentenced 3. notice 3. fear 3. served 3. ma"e 3. attac"ed 3. bangs 3. envelo&ed 3. &rosec%ted 3. seeing
'. assigned '. &lace '. worry '. %ncovered '. stal" '. b%rgled '. crashes '. sei!ed '. s%s&ended '. watching
. &ersec%ted . off . concern . disg%ised . attend . sm%ggled . blasts . overtoo" . detained . viewing
10 HAIR-RAISING FACTS
?anic is rising (1) _______ hair stylists in enmar". 5ome of those who often colo%r, &erm or highlight hair / 12* stylists in all / are com&laining (2) _______ sym&toms which may indicate brain damage. 7%thorities have been forced to investigate, and it a&&ears that many stylists are ($) _______ from memory loss, na%sea and fre>%ent headaches. The reason is that the chemicals () _______ &ro/ d%ce harmf%l f%mes. The hairdressers: %nions are f%nding investigations into the &roblem. &roblem. owever, owever, scientists are (*) _______ beca%se the >%antity of chemicals %sed is not eno%gh to be harmf%l. harmf%l. any stylists are now worried, so enmar" has (-) _______ strict reg%lations. an%fact%rers m%st now list all the chemicals cont contai aine ned d in the the &rod &rod%c %cts ts.. () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ vent ventil ilat atio ion n m% m%st st be &rov &rovid ided ed in hairdressing salons and clients will wear a s&ecial &erm/helmet, (0) _______ the f%mes away from the stylist. 7ll of 4%ro&e will have to () _______ these new reg%lations. 7t the moment, everything is still at the committee stage, b%t soon the revol%tionary &erm/helmet will be worn in all salons. +inal decisions will be (16) _______ _______ when hairdressers: hairdressers: %nions moot moot in 3r%ssels 3r%ssels to disc%ss disc%ss the the &roblem. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. in 7. from 7. e&eriencing 7. o&erated 7. sce&tical 7. initiated 7. 7b%ndant 7. directing 7. a&&ly to 7. introd%ced
3. among 3. abo%t 3. s%ffering 3. cons%med 3. tho%ghtf%l 3. la%nched 3. 7m&le 3. leading 3. follow 3. done
'. between '. of '. im&aired '. %sed '. do%btf%l '. &assed '. 5%r&l%s '. t%rning '. com&ly with '. given
. at . beca%se . in@%red . e&loited . scornf%l . introd%ced . ?lenty . g%iding . f%lfil . made
11 A!ENTURES IN THE FILM WORL
The latest bloc"b%ster to hit o%r cinemas is an advent%re film which was made (1) _______ location in 5&ain. The (2) _______ is >%ite sim≤ a teenager
discovers ($) _______ secret &a&ers which show that the ?resident is in danger. Then she disa&&earsA We interviewed the actress who () _______ the &art of the teenager in the film, F%liet Eoberts. #t (*) _______ things did not always go well d%ring the &ro/ d%ction. +irst, F%liet nearly missed being in the film. 7&&arently, a co&y of the _______. _______. which the the &rod%cer had sent her to read, got got lost in the &ost. Then, in the middle of filming, &art of the bac"gro%nd () _______ fell on a member of the camera (0) _______. =%c"ily, the man was not serio%sly h%rt b%t they had to () _______ _______ another cameraman to ta"e his &lace at short notice. 5omething 5omething even worse ha&&ened a few days later when the director sli&&ed and bro"e his leg. #t (16) _______ him J%ite a long time to recover from the shoc" and he had to direct the final scenes of the film from his wheelchair. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. on 7. drama 7. any 7. does 7. loo"s 7. lines 7. scenery 7. &arty 7. rent 7K needed
3. in 3. intrig%e 3. the 3. &lays 3. tells 3. words 3. setting 3. crew 3. b%y 3. too"
'. at '. &lot '. few '. ma"es '. stri"es '. scri&t '. scene '. artists '. hire '. lasted
. to . line . some . holds . seems . little . view . wor"ers . &%rchase . %sed
12 "AMES EAN
#f yo% as" anyone to (1) _______ a famo%s rebel, the chances are they will say Fames ean. 3%t who was Fames ean, and was he really as rebellio%s as we believe< Fames ean was born in 1$1 in #ndiana, C57. is father was a dental tech/ nician. The family (2) _______ to =os 7ngeles in 1$-, b%t ean ret%rned to #ndi/ ana after his mother died, where he was ($) _______ by his %ncle and a%nt. ean was a bright and hardwor"ing st%dent, and was not &artic%larly rebellio%s at school. 7fter ret%rning to 'alifornia, ean @oined an acting wor"sho&, and was
given minor roles in films, on stage and in T commercials. #n 1*1 he went to New Bor" Bor" to f%rther his acting () _______. eans acting (*) _______ _______ was soon recognised, and he was as"ed to @oin the 7ctors 5t%dio. 7s he wrote in a letter to his family in 1*2K G#t is the best thing that can (-) _______ to an actor.H Televi Televisio sion n and theatre theatre wor" followed, followed, and ean became became highly highly () _______ _______ within the ind%stry. Fames ean starred in only three films, and had only been world famo%s for @%st over a year when he he was "illed in in a car (0) _______ in 5e&tember 5e&tember 1**. #t was his death at s%ch a yo%ng () _______, and the rebellio%s roles he &layed in the films Eebel Witho%t Witho%t a 'a%se and 4ast of 4den, rather than his off/ screen (16) _______, that have made him a legend. =i"e arilyn onroe, 4lvis ?resley and +ran" 5inatra, Fames ean is an icon of the twentieth cent%ry. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. name 7. located 7. grown %& 7. @ob 7. talent 7. become 7. loved 7. accident 7. era 7. condition
3. tell 3. removed 3. bro%ght %& 3. wor" 3. >%alification 3. ta"e &lace 3. res&ected 3. misfort%ne 3. &eriod 3. >%ality
'. call '. moved '. ta"en over '. career '. "nowledge '. occ%r '. adored '. disaster '. time '. behavio%r
. re&eat . lived . ta"en off . em&loyment . recommendation . ha&&en . worshi&&ed . hit . age . &erformance
13 GENER GAP IN EUCATION
+or many years now, 3ritish girls have &erformed m%ch better in eams than boys. ost theories abo%t the ca%ses of this ga& (1) _______ _______ the sees have blamed the ed%cation (2) _______. _______. owever, owever, new research s%ggests s%ggests that boys: &oor &erformance &erformance has nothing to do ($) _______ _______ internal &ractices at schools. #nstead, eternal factors, s%ch as different learning styles and how children are () _______ _______ %&, have have to be considered. considered. +or this (*) _______, many ed%cationalists are now st%dying how boys and girls learn to read. They believe that, since reading is (-) _______ ta%ght either by
mothers or by female &rimary school teachers, many boys () _______ reading as a woman:s activity and this &%ts them (0) _______ it. 7nother factor co%ld be that boys are generally more () _______ than girls. When they can:t be the best, they wo%ld rather (16) _______ %& on ed%cation than be considered considered average. 9irls 9irls seem m%ch ha&&ier to be second best. best. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. between 7. method 7. by 7. grown 7. ca%se 7. generally 7. loo" 7. across 7. determined 7. brea"
3. among 3. style 3. from 3. raised 3. reason 3. hardly 3. notice 3. on 3. com&etitive 3. ta"e
'. beside '. techni>%e '. with '. given '. &%r&ose '. rarely '. watch '. off '. &ossessive '. give
. beyond . system . at . bro%ght . ob@ective . lately . see . thro%gh . o&timistic . t%rn
14
+ace/to/face conversation is a two/way &rocessK yo% s&ea" to me, # re&ly to .yo% and so on. Two/way (1) _______ de&ends on having a coding system that is %nderstood %nderstood by both (2) _______ and receiver, and an agreed convention abo%t ($) _______ _______ the beginning beginning and end of the () _______. #n s&eech, the coding system is a lang%age li"e 4nglish or 5&anish; the convention that one &erson s&ea"s at a time may seem too obvio%s to (*) _______. #n fact, the (-) _______ that &eo&le %se in conversations and meetings are often non/verbal. +or eam&le, lowering the &itch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence; a shar& inta"e of breath may signal the desire to () _______, catching the chairman:s (0) _______ may indicate the desire to s&ea" in a formal setting li"e a () _______, a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these (16) _______ signals are not &ossible, more formal signals may be needed. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. echange 7. transmitter 7. showing 7. message 7. notice
3. corres&ondence 3. sender 3. symbolising 3. theme 3. recognise
' interchange '. messenger '. signing '. to&ic '. mention
. comm%nication . anno%ncer . signalling . idea . @%dge
-. . 0. . 16.
7. signs 7. interr%&t 7. elbow 7. broadcast 7. sensory
3. signals 3. interchange 3. sho%lder 3. chat 3. vis%al
'. sym&toms '. interfere '. eye '. lect%re '. verbal
. symbols . interce&t . hand . debate . a%ditory
15 THE BBC ENGLISH ICTIONARY
The 33', in the form of the lang%age/teaching arm of the World 5ervice, and ar&er 'ollins have (1) _______ forces to &%blish the 33' 4nglish ictionary, G7 ictionary for the WorldH. #t is (2) _______ at the 126 million listeners to the World 5ervice who cannot find the e&ressions in ($) _______ dictionaries. () _______ _______ on 6 million words broadcast at least ten times a year on the World 5ervice, the com&ilers, (*) _______ by ?rof. Fohn 5inclair, have incl%ded (-) _______ _______ e&ressions e&ressions and word %sage, witho%t @%dging whether they are being %sed () _______. 4li!abeth 5mith, the 33':s 'ontroller of 4nglish 5ervices, saidK G8%r lang%age is (0) _______ on statements by real &eo&le, li"e &oliticians and () _______, which the 33' has acc%rately recorded. 7s broadcasters, broadcasters, we try to %se a few idioms and meta&hors b%t only to show that we (16) _______ in the real world.H 1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. connected 7. &ointed 7. f%nctional 7. rawing 7. chaired 7. c%rrent 7. sincerely 7. based 7. so many 7, inhabit
3. fied 3. directed 3. traditional 3. Trying 3. headed 3. recent 3. tr%ly 3. made 3. th%s far 3. live
'. attached '. aimed '. &artial '. 'o%nting '. dictated '. nowadays '. correctly '. formed '. as to '. stay
. @oined . trained . conventional . 3earing . treated . late . finely . designed . so on . reside
16 A!ERTISEMENTS
?erha&s the most creative %se of lang%age in news&a&ers is in the advertise/
ments. The writers have to catch and (1) _______ the reader:s attention. They of/ ten (2) _______ this with a &lay on words. Bo% read the words and %nderstand them one way and then s%ddenly yo% ($) _______ that another inter&retation is &ossible. &ossible. Thro%gh Thro%gh that ambig%ity the advertisement advertisement has ca%ght yo%r attention / and the advertiser () _______ yo%:ll b%y the &rod%ct. Cnder the &ict%re of a new car are the wordsK GNot another family saloonH. The d%al inter&retation of that &hrase is de&endent on how it is &rono%nced. isread it by &%tting the stress on the second word thereby &ro@ecting a message the advertiser wo%ld clearly not want, and this (*) _______ yo% loo" again and &ay conscio%s conscio%s attention attention to the alternative alternative message. message. 7dvertising co&ywriters fre>%ently (-) _______ %se of idioms. 8ne advertise/ ment showed girls wearing different colo%red @eans, b%t none the traditional bl%e ones. Cnderneath were the wordsK GFeani%s is () _______ ideas o%t of the bl%eH. 8n one level that (0) _______ the @eans are not ordinary bl%e @eans b%t ones in a range of colo%rs. 3%t there is also the s%ggestion that these new @eans are a s%dden &iece of ins&iration, ins&iration, a stro"e stro"e of geni%s. geni%s. G8%t of of the bl%eH is an idiom which which means G>%ite G>%ite %n %ne& e&ect ectedl edlyH yH and geni%s geni%s often often () () __ _____ _____ __ gettin getting g a brill brillian iantt idea idea s%ddenly. That:s very clever, b%t it:s not >%ite the end of it, beca%se it:s not geni%s they are (16) _______ abo%t, b%t @eani%s. That is another &lay on words; the &rod%ct they they are selling, selling, after all, is a &air of of @eans. 1. 2. $. . *. 0. 1. 0. . 16.
7. hold 7. have 7. aware 7. ma"es 7. tells 7. have 7. having 7. tells 7. com&ares 7. tal"ing
3. maintain 3. ma"e 3. realise 3. wishes 3. ma"es 3. do 3. thin"ing 3. means 3. is 3. saying
'. remain '. do '. indicate '. sees '. ca%ses '. ma"e '. ma"ing '. seems '. contains '. telling 17
LIGHTNING STRI#ES
. &ay . s%cceed . wonder . ho&es , forces . get . arriving . &retends . involves . meaning
The man who holds the record for being str%c" by lightning the most times is e/&ar" ranger Eoy 5%llivan. r 5%llivan fo%nd lightning (1) _______ to avoidK he was str%c" by it on seven (2) _______ occasions thro%gho%t his life, which were as ($) _______ as $* years a&art. The first incident in 12 was the only one where he was not () _______ in/ @%red / he only lost his big toenail. 8n all other occasions, he co%ld (*) _______ easily have lost his life. #n 12 the Gh%man lightning cond%ctor of irginiaH, as he was "nown, had his hair (-) _______ on fire b%t was l%c"y eno%gh to s%rvive, only to lose all his new hair in the same way a year later. #t is hard to believe that he never lost his enth%siasm for () _______ hobbies and &%rs%its b%t when lightning str%c" for a record seventh time in 1 he was ha&&ily fishing, com/ &letely (0) _______ _______ that he was abo%t to enter The. 9%inness 3oo" of Eecords. 8n this occasion he came () _______ to death beca%se of severe chest and stomach b%rns. Eoy 5%llivan died in 10$ b%t was not "illed by lightning. e was (16) _______ %&set after being re@ected in love and is said to have ta"en his own life. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. diffic%lt 7. vario%s 7. wide 7. very 7. >%ite 7. 5it 7. o%tside 7. %n"nown 7. net 7. strongly
3. im&ractical 3. single 3. long 3. highly 3. far 3. &%t 3. o%tdoor 3. %nbelievable 3. close 3. hardly
'. necessary '. se&arate '. many '. &oorly '. m%ch '. got '. o%tward '. %naware '. nearly '. highly
. s%itable . a&art . far . serio%sly . well . set . o%ts"irts . %nthin"ing . almost . dee&ly
18 OWNING A PET
The @oys and trib%lations of being a &et ownerA %ring o%r lifetime most of %s have some e&erience of either owning a &et or being in (1) _______ contact with someone who does. #s there s%ch a thing as Gthe ideaA &etH< #f so, what charac/ terises the ideal &et< ario%s (2) _______ infl%ence one:s choice of &et, from yo%r
reasons for getting a &et to yo%r lifestyle. +or eam&le, altho%gh >%ite a few &ets are are rela relati tive vely ly chea chea& & to b% b%y y, the the cost cost of ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ can can be cons consid ider erab able le.. 4ver 4v eryt ythi hing ng m% m%st st be () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ into into acco acco%n %nt, t, from from food food and and bedd beddin ing, g, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. Bo% m%st be &re&ared to (*) _______ time on yo%r &et, which involves sho&&ing for it, cleaning and feeding it. ?ets can be demanding and a big res&onsibility. 7re yo% &re&ared to eercise and (-) _______ an animal or do yo% &refer a more inde&endent &et< ow m%ch s&are room do yo% have< #s it right to loc" an energetic animal into a () _______ s&ace< o yo% live near a b%sy road which may threaten the life of yo%r &et< ?ets (0) _______ as t%rtles and goldfish can be chea& and convenient, b%t if yo% &refer affectionate &ets, a friendly cat or dog wo%ld be more () _______. _______. ?eo&le get &ets for a n%mber of reasons, for com&any, sec%rity or to teach res&onsibility to children. ?ets can be affectionate and loyal and an ecellent so%rce of com&any as long as yo% "now what &et (16) _______ yo% and yo%r lifestyle. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. near 7. factors 7. raising 7. considering 7. ta"e 7. ho%sehold 7. detained 7. so 7. a&&ro&riate .7. fits
3. close 3. elements 3. maintenance 3. held 3. waste 3. ho%se"ee& 3. confined 3. for 3. s%ited 3. matches
'. narrow '. facets '. %&bringing '. ta"en '. occ%&y '. ho%setrain '. red%ced '. s%ch '. li"ely '. goes with
. tight . &oints . %&"ee& , "e&t . s&end . ho%sewor" , closed . m%ch . good . s%its
19
=eis%re is generally seen as an (1) _______ which ta"es &lace o%tside (2) _______ _______ ho%rs. The &ea" leis%re time for most &eo&le is between -.66 &m and 12.66 am, altho%gh in recent years there has been an increase in &eo&le wor"ing ($) _______ ho%rs and shifts, together with more GfleitimeH. =eis%re is often tho%ght of &%rely as a () _______ activity, i.e. &laying s&ort. 7ltho%gh many &eo&le %se their (*) _______ time in this way, there are &lenty of other leis%re o&&ort%nities that are more (-) _______ in nat%re, s%ch as watching
television or s%nbathing on a beach. #t is im&ortant to realise that leis%re can embrace a whole range of e&eriences and activities, altho%gh &ersonal choice may be limited d%e to factors s%ch as age or &rovision of local () _______. The leis%re em&hasis will normally change at different (0) _______ of one:s lifecycle. ifferent ty&es of leis%re activities tend to be &o&%lar with varying age gro%&s. #t:s &robably tr%e, however, that some members of the older () _______ are more ca&able of &%rs%ing active (16) _______ than they are sometimes given credit forA 1. 2. $. . *. -. , 0. . 16
7. event 7. labo%r 7. %nsocial 7. c%lt%ral 7. rest 7. &assive 7. conveniences 7. &arts 7. &eriod 7. entertainments
3. incident 3. wor"ing 3. %nreasonable 3. &hysical 3. %nocc%&ied 3. selective 3. ca&abilities 3. stages 3. era 3. occ%&ations
'. affair '. em&loyment '. %nsociable '. social '. free '. &rod%ctive '. ca&acities '. sections '. age '. &astimes
. e&erience . @ob . %ns%itable . mental . em&ty . creative . facilities . levels . generation . games
20 A BLAC# AY AY FOR SPORT S PORT
7&&eals were being made last night for 'orsicans to come (1) _______ and donate blood following following the colla&se of the football stadi%m in 3astia. The tragedy (2) _______ 2- fans dead; the n%mber of in@%red has been &%t at 66. ($) _______ to eyewitnesses, wor"ers were still tightening bolts on the tem&orary scaffolding only an ho%r and a half () _______ the match was (*) _______ to begin, and as fans &assed into the stadi%m, the str%ct%re, which holds %& to 16.,666, swayed violen violently tly and (-) __ ____ ____ ___ _ colla& colla&sed sed.. any any of the the () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ were were given given emergency treatment on the &itch while more serio%s cases were (0) _______ to hos&itals on the mainland. mainland. 7 s&o"esman s&o"esman from the firm res&onsible for the stand:s stand:s constr constr%ct %ctio ion n co%ld co%ld on only ly () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ horrif horrified ied disb disbeli elief. ef. 7ccor 7ccordi ding ng to him, him, altho%gh some of the bars had colla&sed, others sho%ld have (16) _______ the
str%ct%re, th%s &reventing it from falling down. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. across 7. left 7. With a view 7. %ntil 7. %& 7. grad%ally 7. in@%red 7. delivered 7. s&ea" 7. defended
3. over 3. did 3. 7s far as 3. before 3. abo%t 3. act%ally 3. wo%nded 3. traffic"ed 3. e&ress 3. held
'. forward '. made '. Eeferring '. since '. bo%nd '. event%ally '. damaged '. travelled '. say '. s%&&orted
. %& to . remained . 7ccording . after . d%e . definitely . wrec"ed . transferred . tell . carried
21 A FASHION OBSESSION
Where will the c%rrent obsession with designer (1) _______ all end< 8ver the last ten years or so (2) _______ names have become the ($) _______ way to sell anything. Now everybody seems to have become a fashion () _______ so that &eo&le are constantly commenting commenting on whether something something is (*) _______ _______ of fashion or not. ?eo&le are &re&ared to &ay etraordinary &rices, even for @eans and trainers, @%st beca%se they are a stat%s (-) _______. owever, yo% can get co&ies of to& designs as these are starting to become available to the () _______ mar"et. Now anybody can get the latest (0) _______ m%st and the co&ies are so good that their friends need not "now that it cost so little. 5o my advice is to () _______ o%t these chea&er stores if yo% want to see what is coming (16) _______ fashion netA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. to"ens 7. brand 7. certain 7, s%rvivor 7. on 7. fig%re 7. crowd 7. b%y 7. chec" 7. inside
3. badges 3. mar" 3. sec%re 3. victim 3. over 3. symbol 3. gro%& 3. ta"e 3. find 3. along
'. labels '. logo '. s%re '. cas%alty '. off '. logo '. common '. have '. fig%re '. at
. stam&s . sign . g%aranteed . criminal . o%t . image . mass . get . wor" . into
22 ULTIMATE THEME PAR# HOLIAY
We offer offer an ama!ing theme &ar" holiday / the most (1) _______ e&erience in holidays. 8%r holidays (2) _______ two wee"s and d%ring that time yo% will fly between several ($) _______, _______, visiting vario%s famo%s theme &ar"s for one day each. 8%r gro%& comes from () _______ over the world so yo% will be travelling with new and interesting &eo&le. We start o%r to%r in =7. where over three days we visit Cniversal 5t%dios where yo% can (*) _______ the effects of white/water rafting. Then it:s (-) _______ to isneyland in =7 to meet some famo%s friends. 8n the last day we ta"e a tri& to the () _______ agic o%ntain theme &ar", where yo% can go on the most fantastic roller coaster (0) _______ incl%ding 5cream and i&er. Net we fly o%t to iami where the () _______ incl%des a day at isneyworld and another at 'a&e 'anaveral to see (16) _______ omer 5im&son trained to be an astrona%t. This will be the end of the to%r / yo% will be eha%sted b%t ha&&y. +ive days of theme &ar"sL 'an yo% imagine a better holiday< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. %ni>%e 7. contin%e 7. stations 7. every 7. "now 7. off 7. shabby 7. rides 7. agenda 7. where
3. sole 3 last 3, sto&s 3. all 3. have 3. into 3. >%aint 3. @o%rneys 3. itinerary 3. what
'. single '. carry on '. destinations ' total ' meet '. ahead '. %ns&oilt '. lifts ' timetable '. how
. only . "ee& on . landings . whole . e&erience . abo%t . breathta"ing . tri&s . calendar . that
23 THE BEST PLANS $
?eo&le always say that criminals &lan the (1) _______ o a /sho& or ban" care/ f%lly / b%t they always forget one thing and that is the thing that allows them to be (2) _______. Ta"e the eam&le of this man in 5cotland. e decided that the best time to steal from a store wo%ld be @%st as it was ($) _______ for the day. e wor"ed o%t that this wo%ld be the best lime since the tills wo%ld be at their ()
_______ _______ and there wo%ld be no no (*) _______ _______ aro%nd to to get in his his way or sto& sto& him. him. aving caref%lly tho%ght abo%t this, he (-) _______ into a big de&artment store @%st before it closed. e frightened the sho& assistants and stole all the money from the cash () _______ nearest the door. e then raced bac" towards the a%tomatic doors in order (0) _______ esca&e. owever, he hadn:t got his timing () _______ right as the big glass doors had @%st been loc"ed. The man "noc"ed himself (16) _______ by r%nning headfirst into themA The store:s sec%rity g%ard had to &ic" him %& from the floor to arrest him. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. robbery 7. gras&ed 7. sec%ring 7. most 7. visitors 7. chased 7. tills 7. for 7. >%ite 7. away
3. m%gging 3. &ic"ed 3. fastening 3. f%llest 3. clients 3. >%ic"ened 3. engines 3. to 3. very 3. off
'. stealing '. ta"en '. sh%tting '. richest '. g%ests '. raced '. a&&liances '. so '. etremely '. %&
. b%rglary . ca%ght . sto&&ing , highest . c%stomers . rolled . devices . that . so . o%t
24 THE NEW MUSIC STORE
Now that we can all b%y m%sic over the internet and download download t%nes when we want, yo% have to as" yo%rself what is the (1) _______ of the city m%sic store< Why wo%ld we go sho&&ing in a m%sic store when we can get everything we need at home< %sic stores "now this and have (2) _______ acco%nt of the need for ($) _______ 'ity m%sic stores are now () _______ &laces and somewhere where yo% can listen to m%sic &layed at f%ll (*) _______ in a way that wo%ld irritate yo%r neighbo%rsA 7lso stores have managed to get (-) _______ artists and bands to come and () _______ a&&earances at the store to sign 's or &osters and meet their fans. The stores now (0) _______ to teenagers as they are becoming cool &laces to hang o%t and meet their friends as well as () _______ _______ the m%sic. 8f co%rse, the stores can:t charge for these activities b%t they ho&e that by getting &eo&le into the store, they will b%y their m%sic the (16) _______ way / and it
seems to be wor"ing. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. %se 7. &%t 7. alteration 7. meeting 7. s&ea"er 7. single 7. &%t %& 7. attract 7. scan 7. old fashioned
3. reason 3. given 3. change 3. assembly 3. so%nd 3. solo 3. do 3. &lease 3. browse 3. o%t of date
'. &oint '. held '. revol%tion '. com&any '. vol%me '. alone '. ma"e '. engage '. wander '. old time
. aim . ta"en . renovation . crowd . noise . only . &re&are . a&&eal . s%rvey . o%t of style
25 ARE YOU A SUPERCONNECTOR%
There is a new (1) _______ of &eo&le identified by mar"et researchers and these are teenagers aged 1$/10 who are active and %se every (2) _______ ty&e of modern technology to stay in to%ch with their friends. These &eo&le are called 5%&er 'onnectors. They %se cell &hones, tet messaging, the internet, e/mail, in/ stant messaging and internet ($) _______ engines to find information and connect with their friends. They also %se several things () _______ once so, for eam&le, they may be sending tets and (*) _______ the internet at the same time. ow/ ever, this is only for their friends. #f they want to (-) _______ with their family then they do this in &erson. The activities they () _______ in haven:t changed, tho%gh. +or eam&le, st%dents may still be (0) _______ notes in class b%t now they do it by sending tets to several &eo&le at the same timeA The need to () _______ _______ each other remains re mains (he same b%t technology has (16) _______ _______ them to do m%ch more of it. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0..
7. gro%& 7. vacant 7. search 7. abo%t 7. &laying 7. anno%nce 7. &ractise 7. reaching
3. &ac" 3 ready 3. loo"L 3. for 3. s%rfing 3. connect 3. involve 3. handing
'. mi '. available '. see" '. only '. swimming '. comm%nicate '. occ%&y '. &assing
. com&any . li"ely . discover . at . waving . declare . engage . conveying
. 16
7. contact 7. made
3. @oin 3. allowed
'. to%ch '. left
. lin" . granted
26 YOUR BEST FRIEN IN ISGUISE%
o yo% (1) _______ &eo&le on what they loo" li"e< # thin" we all (2) _______ that that we sh sho% o%ld ldn: n:tt do this this,, alth altho% o%gh gh many many of %s stil stilll do do.. 5ome 5ome &eo& &eo&le le are are im&ressed by clothes from a &artic%lar ($) _______; others thin" that things s%ch as someone:s hairstyle is critical to their () _______ of someone. 3%t, if yo% sit and chat to &eo&le yo% can see that, whatever they loo" (*) _______, that &erson may be really good (-) _______ and co%ld become a close friend of yo%rs / if only they were given the () _______. The &oint is, we sho%ld ta"e &eo&le as they are and not dismiss them @%st beca%se they (0) _______ differently from %s. Bo% may ignore someone who co%ld be yo%r best friend @%st beca%se they are () _______ _______ the wrong @eans. We need to loo" &ast the clothes, the tattoos and the hairstyles and thin" abo%t &ersonality not (16) _______. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. decide 7. notice 7. seller 7. view 7. ali"e 7. &leas%re 7. moment 7. dress 7. fitting 7. fig%re
3. r%le 3. catch 3. designer 3. sight 3. as 3. la%gh 3. o&&ort%nity 3. wear 3. wearing 3. form
'. consider '. remise '. c%tter '. tho%ght '. similar '. f%n '. occasion '. clothe '. matching '. manner
. @%dge . aware . ma"er . &ict%re . li"e . s&ort . ho&e . loo" . carrying . a&&earance
27 WOUL YOU LI#E TO BE 007%
ost &eo&le imagine that the life of a s&y is etremely glamoro%s. They go to watch Fames 3ond films and can see themselves travelling (1) _______ the world, (2) _______ the &lanet from the bad g%ys. 7t the same ($) _______, 3ond seems to live a life of l%%ry in ama!ing locations, drives e&ensive cars and has the best
of everything. #s it () _______ li"e this< We as"ed ar" %ghes, who was a s&y for ten years, if a @ob as a s&y is as easy as it seems. GNo, it:s not,H he said.H #t:s very (*) _______ wor". Bo% have to (-) _______ a lot of >%alifications in the sciences and lang%ages and then once yo% start yo% have to do several s&ecialist () _______ co%rses. Bo Bo% always have to be &hysically (0) _______ and yo% also have to be >%ic"/thin"ing >%ic"/thin"ing and be &re&ared to () _______ ris"s.H ris"s.H 3%t did he en@oy his @ob< GBes, it:s fantastic and not as dangero%s as it loo"s in Fames 3ond movies. Bo% hardly get any time (16) _______ b%t it is f%nAH 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. in 7. saving 7. moment 7. certainly 7. strong 7. earn 7. instr%ction 7. fit 7. do 7. down
3. abo%t 3. recovering 3. stage 3. really 3. strict 3. bring 3. ed%cation 3. healthy 3. ta"e 3. aside
'. ro%nd '. delivering '. &eriod '. absol%tely '. solid '. get '. training '. firm '. have '. over
. thro%gh . &reserving . time . s%rely . hard . ma"e . coaching . stable . get . off
28 POLAR BEARS
?olar bears are the largest carnivores in the world that live on land. They are fo%nd in the 7rctic and their &referred (1) _______ is on to& of the arctic ice. ere they h%nt seals for food, (2) _______ mate. ?olar bears are very good swimmers; they &addle with their front ($) _______, and hold their hind legs flat to hel& them change direction. 5adly, &olar bears are becoming serio%sly () _______ for a n%mber of reasons. 8il com&anies are moving into (*) _______ area, bringing a growing danger of oil &oll%tion. 7t the same time, the arctic ice is melting d%e to global (-) _______ ?olar ?olar bears feed on the ice so if it disa&&ears, disa&&ears, they will starve. 7 third third danger danger comes comes () () __ _____ _____ __ ov over er/h /h%n %ntin ting. g. Th Than" an"f% f%lly lly,, (0) (0) ___ _____ ____ __ organisations are now wor"ing to &reserve &arts of the 7rctic and the () _______ that lives there. The 9reat 7rctic Eeserve, for eam&le, is now a sanct%ary for a variety of (16) _______, s%ch as seals, wild reindeer and foes.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7, &lace 7. that 7. &aws 7. scared 7. some 7. heating 7. by 7. conservation 7. creat%res 7. "inds
3. environs 3. and 3. @aws 3. ris"ed 3. its 3. airing 3. from 3. &reservation 3. mammals 3. s&ecies
'. ho%se '. with '. tails '. alarmed '. the '. changing '. to '. saving '. wildlife '. orders
. habitat . b%t . feathers . endangered C. an . warming . at . &rotection . animals . families
29 #ATE #ATE HUMBLE HUMB LE
Date %mble was born in =ondon b%t was (1) _______ %& net door to a farm. ere she (2) _______ all "inds of animals, which is how her &assion for nat%ral history began. 7fter 7fter leaving school, Date ($) _______ on an advent%re that wo%ld ta"e her aro%nd 7frica. 8n the tri&, she observed many rare () _______ of animals as well as discovering the bea%ty of (*) _______ landsca&e. To &ay her way, she wor"ed in vario%s @obs connected to the to%rist (-) _______ s%ch as driving and coo"ing for safari com&anies. 7fter ret%rning to 4ngland, she got herself a @ob () _______ tea and ty&ing letters for &eo&le in television. 5he then became a researcher and &rod%ction &rod%ction assistant, and event%ally (0) _______ _______ &rod%cing &rod%cing &rogrammesA &rogrammesA 3%t staying in a st%dio isn:t Date:s styleA #n one show, show, she made a series of () _______ broadcasts from the bottom of the sea, while s%rro%nded by giant shar"sA Now she ma"es and &resents &rogrammes dealing with all as&ects of nat%ral history, incl%ding the effects of global (16) _______. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0 . 16.
7. grown 7. ran over 7. set %& 7. s&ecies 7. a 7. b%siness 7. ma"ing 7. reached %& 7. life 7. heating
3. ed%cated 3. came across 3. set by 3. &ac"s 3. the 3. mar"et 3. setting 3. closed %& 3. live 3. b%rning
'. moved '. got by '. set down '. crowds '. one '. ind%stry '. drin"ing '. drew %& '. living '. warming
. bro%ght . too" %& . set o%t . &arties . any . interest . doing . ended %& . lifelong . grilling
30
8%r @o%rney to 9reece began at si in the morning, when my family and # set off from the ho%se in o%r old car. We:d only gone a mile when we got a (1) _______ _______ tyre, and after we:d fied that we had to h%rry to the air&ort. We (2) _______ _______ to reach the chec"/in @%st before it closed, then went thro%gh to the de&art%re lo%nge. 5oon we were ($) _______ the &lane, and loo"ing forward to o%r wee" on an island in the s%n. # had a window seat, b%t since # was directly above the () _______ # co%ldn:t see m%ch, so # as"ed the flight (*) _______ if # co%ld move to another seat. 5he fo%nd me one nearer the front of the &lane, and later on 1 had a wonderf%l (-) _______ of the snow/covered mo%ntains as we crossed over the 7%strian 7l&s. The weather became s%nnier as we a&&roached 9reece, and o%r &lane arrived right on () _______ at 7thens: very smart new air&ort. alf an ho%r after we landed, we ( 0) _______ the train for the centre of 7thens, where we () _______ _______ trains for the &ort of ?irae%s. #t wasn:t long before we were on the waterfront. 7fter a short wait we were on board o%r ferry and sail sailin ing g o% o%tt to sea. sea. #t was was a love lovely ly tri&, ri&, and and when when fina finall lly y we reac reache hed d o% o%r r destination, the holiday was a (16) _______ come tr%e. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. flat 7. co%ld 7. riding 7. &latform 7. officer 7. view 7. moment 7. got into 7. re&laced 7. &lan
3. level 3. s%cceeded 3. boarding 3. mast 3. hel&er 3. scene 3. ho%r 3. got over 3. moved 3. dream
'. dead '. able '. ste&&ing '. wing '. assistant '. sight '. time '. got %& '. changed '. tho%ght
. bro"en . managed . flying . sail . attendant . scenery . min%te . got onto . echanged . ho&e
31 COO#ING ON A CAMPING HOLIAY
8ne of the attractions of going on a cam&ing holiday is the feeling of getting away away from from ever everyd yday ay city city life life,, of find findin ing g &eac &eacee and and (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in the the
co%ntryside, b%t this also means thin"ing abo%t how yo% are going to &re&are meals while yo% are there. 3efore yo% (2) _______, chec" yo% have essentials s%ch s% ch as sa%c sa%ce& e&an anss and and fryi frying ng &ans &ans,, c%&s c%&s,, &lat &lates es,, "n "niv ives es,, for" for"s, s, s& s&oo oons ns for for everyone, and vario%s bits and ($) _______ s%ch as scissors, a tin/o&ener and a shar& "nife for c%tting everything. Wor" o%t more or () _______ how m%ch food yo% will need to ta"e with yo%, bearing in mind that being o%tside all day will ma"e &eo&le h%ngry and they will &robably (*) _______ more food than %s%alL. 8n the other (-) _______ , if yo% ta"e too m%ch yo%:ll have to carry a lot of weig weight ht ever everyw ywhe here re,, on only ly to end end %& havi having ng to () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ half half of it. it. 8ne 8ne &ossibility &ossibility is to coo" coo" a favo%rite favo%rite meal / something something (0) _______ _______ li"e a stew / seal seal it in a &lastic bag, free!e it, and ta"e it with yo% for yo%r first evening meal in () _______ _______ yo% arrive late at the cam&site. cam&site. Then yo% @%st @%st (16) _______ _______ it in a &an of water, and it:ll be ready to eat in no time. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. silence 7. set off 7. &arts 7. lower 7. get thro%gh 7. side 7. throw away 7. tastef%l 7. event 7. roast
3. calm 3. set %& 3. &ieces 3. little 3. get down 3. hand 3. throw off 3. tasting 3. case 3. ba"e
'. rest '. set to '. ob@ects '. less '. get in '. arm '. throw bac" '. tasty '. chance '. grill
. >%iet . set for . items . fewer . get at . foot . throw on . tasteless . matter . boil
32 FAMILY BLUES BLUE S
o yo% have a good (1) _______ with yo%r brothers and sisters or do they drive yo% cra!y< ost brothers and sisters (2) _______ from time to time. There:s nothing ($) _______ with that / it:s a basic animal instinct. 3aby "ittens fight for the mother cat:s attention. 7nd h%man brothers and sisters () _______ o%t for very similar reasons. They thin" they sho%ld have more attention, or more s&ace, or more &rivacy. (*) _______, altho%gh a little @ealo%sy is nat%ral in families, constant fighting can ma"e life a misery. Bo% don:t need to be best b%ddies with
yo%r brother or sister b%t yo% sho%ld show them res&ect. 9etting aggressive and (-) _______ yo%r tem&er isn:t the best way to win an arg%ment. #n fact, it:s a com&lete () _______ of time. 5o net time yo%r brother or sister annoys yo% or starts to (0) _______ yo% abo%t, ta"e a dee& breath, stay calm, and ma"e it clear yo% want to sto& the fights. They &robably don:t en@oy arg%ing all the time, () _______ _______ #f yo% sit down and disc%ss things, yo% may find yo% have a lot more (16) _______ common than yo% "newA 1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. relationshi& 7. dis&%te 7. wrong 7. dro& 7. 7nd 7. throwing 7. mista"e 7. mess 7. too 7. on
3. friendshi& 3. disc%ss 3. bad 3. stand 3. 3%t 3. showing 3. waste 3. b%lly 3. also 3. at
'. relations '. disagree '. false '. brea" '. 7lso '. ma"ing '. miss '. nag '. either '. for
. relative . dist%rb . incorrect . fall . 5o . losing . loss . s&oil . as well . in
33 HELP YOUR LOCAL EN!IRONMENT
any of %s are trying to thin" of new (1) _______ to hel& the environment. 9ro%&s which are involved in &rotecting the environment thin" they may have fo%nd a long/term (2) _______. ost of the c%rrent ways of getting &eo&le in/ volved in hel&ing the environment mean that &eo&le have to ($) _______ a large organisation and they can sometimes feel the &roblem is too large or () _______ to manage. 7 newL (*) _______ is that gro%&s are set %& locally to deal with small iss%es that affect @%st the comm%nity they (-) _______ in. #t is ho&ed this will ma"e &eo&le more () _______ of the im&ortance of hel&ing. 7lso, this &lan means means that that each each comm% comm%nit nity y wor"s wor"s toget together her by contri contrib% b%tin ting g (0) (0) __ ____ _____ ___ the environment and this ma"es for a strong comm%nity. #f every comm%nity does this then organisers are () _______ the effect will be national. The government may even offer some (16) _______ hel& for &ro@ects set %& by these local gro%&s. The idea came from someone who tho%ght that (11) _______ the si!e of what we
do wo%ld act%ally be more &rod%ctive. 7lso, 7lso, it sho%ld mean that hel&ing becomes a (12) _______ rather than a chore. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. access 7. answer 7. @oin 7. im&robable 7. &ro&osal 7. eist 7. conscio%s 7. to 7. e&ecting 7. money 7. lessening 7. ha&&iness
3. a&&roaches 3. "ey 3. enrol in 3. im&ractical 3. s%ggestion 3. reside 3. aware 3. with 3. dreaming 3. monetary 3. minimising 3. &leas%re
'. &aths '. re&ly '. engage in '. im&ossible '. remar" '. s%bsist '. ca&able '. abo%t '. ho&ing '. f%nding '. red%cing '. delight
. ro%tes . sol%tion . involve in . %nrealistic . statement . live . s%re . for . imagining . financial . dwindling . en@oyment
34 THE MYTH OF "ESSE "AMES
Fesse Fames was a notorio%s 7merican o%tlaw. e was (1) _______ of a gang of criminals which o&erated in the Cnited 5tates in the second half of the 1th cent%ry. e (2) _______ a lot of ban" robberies and became well "nown when his dari daring ng crim crimes es were were re&o re&ort rted ed in the the news news&a &a&e &ers rs.. ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ so some me &eo& &eo&le le considered him a criminal, to () _______ he was a hero, and they arg%ed that he was a symbol of rebellion for the so%thern states. Fames then started robbing trains and stagecoaches and was (*) _______ s%ccessf%l that in 10 a detective agency was em&loyed to find him. They trac"ed him down to his ho%se and tried to b%rn it down b%t this only created a lot of (-) _______ sym&athy for Fames. Fames event%ally cond%cted a daring robbery that () _______ wrong and he had to go into hiding. e was event%ally betrayed by one of his new gang members and he was (0) _______ shot dead. owever, Fames was said to have () _______ this attem&t and it was claimed that another man had been shot. any myths eisted (16) _______ Fesse Fames, both abo%t his (11) _______ crimes and abo%t his death. 4ven today, for many &eo&le his name (12) _______ the s&irit of the Wild West.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12
7. associate 7. offended 7. While 7. the others 7. very 7. common 7. became 7. a&&arently 7. overcame 7. within 7. daring 7. re&resents
3. member 3. committed 3. 3eca%se 3. another 3. etremely 3. &o&%lar 3. went 3. visibly 3. got over 3. aro%nd 3. brave 3. stands for
'. &artner '. created '. 3%t '. others '. s%ch '. &%blic '. got '. seemingly '. s%r&assed '. inside '. co%rageo%s '. symbolises
. &art . violated . 5ince . everybody , so . average . t%rned . clearly . s%rvived . for . bold . serves as
35 IS IT TRUE THAT LIGHTNING NE!ER STRI#ES IN THE SAME PLACE TWICE%
=ightning is m%ch more (1) _______ to it something it has str%c" before be/ ca%se it (2) _______ to hit shar& things. 5o if there is a tall b%ilding or something that stic"s %& on ($) _______ of a mo%ntain then lightning may well stri"e twice. This is () _______ lightning is always trying to find the easiest way down to earth. #n fact, there is (*) _______ that lightning does stri"e the same &lace (-) _______ _______ more than once beca%se the 4m&ire 5tate b%ilding b%ilding in New Bor" got hit 1* times in 1* min%tes a few years agoA 7lso, aeo&lanes can get str%c" by light/ ning and this ha&&ens with a () _______ of abo%t once in every 16 years. +or e/ am&le, a friend of mine had been in the C57 and was coming (0) _______ The flight was already late h%t, when he got on the aero&lane, it was () _______ by an ho%r and a half beca%se of a really had storm. Then, after it too" (16) _______ his &lane got hit by lightning, the &assengers had @%st recovered when it got hit again, so twice in the (11) _______ of abo%t ten min%tesA They do say that these storms are going to get n%n h more fre>%ent beca%se of the effect of greenho%se (12) _______, so now thereLs even more chance of lightning stri"ing twiceA 1. 2. $.
7. li"ely 7. inclines 7. crown
3. &ossible 3. leans 3. head
'. &robable '. tends '. &ea"
. e&ected . aims . to&
. *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. why 7. evidence 7. over 7. re&etition 7. across 7. &ost&oned 7. in 7. s&ace 7. changes
3. as 3. sign 3 greatly 3. fre>%ency 3. abo%t 3. s%s&ended 3. off 3. time 3. gases
'. beca%se '. mar" '. above ' ro%tine '. bac" '. held '. away 9. cycle '. s%bstances
. so . ehibition . far . habit . away . delayed . bac" . d%ration . layers
36 CHANGES IN THE COUNTRYSIE
3ac" in my childhood days, s%mmer was always the time we stayed at my grand&arents: grand&arents: ho%se, ho%se, %s%ally (1) _______ _______ si wee"s or even longer. #t wasn:t &ar/ tic%larly hot, b%t there seemed to be endless s%nshine all the time we were there. ost days, we %sed to go swimming with the (2) _______ "ids. They had made a large &ool in the river that ($) _______ from the nearby mo%ntains, which: in those days still had a thic" () _______ of snow on to& %ntil early F%ly. Nowadays the tem&erat%res seem higher and we rarely have any (*) _______ rain, so that in s%mmer there is (-) _______ any water in the river. ?ossibly for the same () _______, _______, the co%ntryside co%ntryside seemed m%ch greener then, with thic" grass and wild flowers flowers (0) ___ ______ ____ _ everywhe everywhere. re. Tod oday ay,, sadly sadly, everythin everything g loo"s loo"s brown brown and lifeless, () _______ for the valleys and the higher gro%nd. #n fact, some areas are com&letely blac" and b%rnt, beca%se of the (16) _______ common wildfires that destro destroy y every everythi thing ng in their their &ath. &ath. 7ll 7ll this, this, &eo&le &eo&le say, say, has been been bro% bro%gh ghtt (11) (11) _______ _______ by climate change, which is now (12) _______ a terrible effect on many &arts of o%r o%r &lanet 1. 2. $. . *. . 0.
7. by 7. local 7. streamed 7. layer 7. strong 7. nearly 7. reasons 7. shooting
3. for 3. close 3. lea"ed 3. slice 3. heavy 3. really 3. ca%ses 3. rising
'. d%ring '. district '. washed '. sheet '. dee& '. hardly '. &%r&oses '. &lanting
. since . nearby . flowed . band . etreme . sim&ly . methods . growing
. 16. 11. 12.
7. a&art 7. greatly 7. over 7. ma"ing
3. ece&t 3. largely 3. %& 3. doing
'. other '. increasingly '. in '. having
. besides . &rogressively . abo%t . ca%sing
37 CALLING ALL STUENTS &&&
What wo%ld yo% thin" of a school where yo% never saw the teacher and yo% never saw other st%dents< There is a school li"e this and it is (1) _______ over the radio. This is (2) _______ yo%ng &eo&le who live in the 7%stralian o%tbac" get an ed%cation. They They live h%ge ($) _______ from the nearest towns and are from fami/ fami / lies who own or () _______ shee& farms in isolated areas. The GschoolH sends them st%dy &a&ers and they get daily radio lessons from teachers who are based tho%sands tho%sands of miles (*) _______. +or many of %s it is hard to imagine (-) _______ classes via the radio, b%t if it is all yo% have "nown then it seems () _______. Teachers wor" with st%dents at elementary and secondary school (0) _______ and their GschoolH can be s&read over $66,666 s>%are "ilometres. With the assistance of a () _______ t%tor (often their mother), the st%dents listen to the lessons, then do wor", which they send (16) _______ to be corrected and assessed. 8f co%rse, they they are e&ect e&ected ed to (11) (11) ___ _____ ____ __ %& by thems themselv elves/ es/if if they they miss miss a lesso lesson. n. 7ltho%gh the internet is also %sed for these ty&es of schools so st%dents can (12) _______ _______ in to%ch with each other, the radio is still a very im&ortant way for these st%dents to learn. 1. 2. $. . r. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. &erformed 7. why 7. distances 7. cond%ct 7. off 7. holding 7. normal 7. degree 7. residence 7. o%t 7. catch
3. o&erated 3, where 3. s&aces 3. command 3. far 3. ma"ing 3. %s%al 3. level 3. domestic 3. in 3. go
'. wor"ed '. how '. ranges '. manage '. aside '. ta"ing '. common '. &osition '. ho%se '. down '. &ic"
. %sed . when . ways . direct . away . ac>%iring . ordinary . standard . home . over . come
12.
7. &%t
3. have
'. contin%e
. "ee&
38 THE BENEFITS OF "OINING A SPORTS CLUB
4veryone, old or yo%ng, sho%ld thin" abo%t @oining a s&orts cl%b. There are many benefits to being a (1) _______ of a cl%b. +irst of all, yo% have the o&&ort%nity not @%st to &lay yo%r favo%rite s&ort on a (2) _______ basis, b%t also to im&rove. ost d%bs have training sessions or even &rofessionals who ($) _______ _______ lessons. 5econdly, 5econdly, it:s a chance to meet &eo&le who en@oy doing the same things as yo% so yo% will &robably get () _______ with them and end %& with a good (*) _______ of friends. 7lso these cl%bs %s%ally have an ecellent (-) _______ _______ life as they arrange &arties and s&ecial () _______ _______ at the cl%b where yo% can meet to tal" and eat together and generally have a good time. any &eo&le (0) _______ %& s&orts in their early teens b%t it is a good idea to contin%e as () _______ s&ort is a way of relieving stress and giving yo% more energy as well as being a good (16) _______ from yo%r st%dies. 3est of all, a lot of cl%bs can arrange to get tic"ets for to& s&orting events that are hard to (11) _______ . This means yo% can often get front row seats for matches and com&etitions in yo%r favo%rite s&ort, or yo% may even be able to see yo%r favo%rite team. Well (12) _______ @oiningA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. fellow 7. timely 7. offer 7. %& 7. connection 7. social 7. moments 7. set 7. doing 7. ga& 7. order 7. cost
3. member 3. normal 3. &resent 3. on 3. contact 3. society 3. affairs 3. get 3. ma"ing 3. brea" 3. boo" 3. val%e
'. re&resentative '. even '. hand '. over '. networ" '. gro%& '. organisations '. give '. having '. interval '. engage '. worth 39
. associate . reg%lar . &ro&ose . abo%t . system . com&any . occasions . &%t . ta"ing . &a%se . register . %se
O YOU BELIE!E IN ALIENS%
7ltho%gh some of %s (1) _______ it ama!ing, there are &lenty of &eo&le who believe that aliens have visited o%r &lanet (2) _______ _______ several occasions. occasions. These ($) _______ all s&rang %& in the 1*6s at the beginning of o%r e&loration of s&ace. ?eo&le are () _______ to have seen strange lights and fo%nd odd b%rn mar"s in the gro%nd. There were several tales of (*) _______ of alien s&acecraft and of h%mans being "idna&&ed by aliens and ta"en away. When they were (-) _______, _______, of co%rse, they co%ld never remember what had ha&&ened. The &eo&le who believ believee in this this () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ their their arg%m arg%ment entss by sayin saying g the go gover vernm nment ent cons&ires to "ee& these visits a (0) _______ so that is why we don:t get to hear abo%t them. 8f co%rse, these aliens always land in remote or %ninhabited &laces where where they they canno cannott easil easily y be () () __ ____ _____ ___.. ?eo&l ?eo&lee who who challe challeng ngee these these (16) (16) _______ _______ say it is etremely %nli"ely that aliens co%ld remain so hidden and so therefore it is claimed that these stories are nothing more than an %rban (11) _______. _______. 3%t it still fascinates %s as we can see from the n%mber of television &rogrammes &rogrammes and films films that are (12) (12) _______ _______ on these these stories. stories. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. discover 7. for 7. histories 7. s%&&osed 7. dis&lays 7. reviewed 7. carry 7. form%la 7. witnessed 7. &lots 7. legend 7. set
3. notice 3. on 3. fol"lores 3. claimed 3. viewings 3. ret%rned 3. hold 3. "ey 3. s&otted 3. schemes 3. tale 3. based
'. remar" '. at '. fictions '. imagined '. sightings '. re&laced '. s%&&ort '. code '. noted '. theories '. acco%nt '. located
. find . in . myths . e&ected . shows . rea&&eared . "ee& . secret . chec"ed . g%esses . hoa . fo%nd
40 CYBERFASHION
ost of %s own modern (1) _______ li"e mobile &hones, or digital cameras. We carry them ro%nd in o%r &oc"ets, or attach them to o%r bodies. 3%t not for
m%ch m% ch long longer erAA esi esign gner erss have have no now w (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in inte integr grat atin ing g tiny tiny bits bits of technology directly into o%r clothing. ($) _______ fact GcyberfashionH is the latest trendA 8ne eam&le, the %sical Fac"et, is already in the sho&s. This @ac"et is sil". #t () _______ controlled by a "eyboard, also man%fact%red from fabric, which is connected to a tiny device (*) _______ &lays m%sic. 7t &resent, yo% (-) _______ _______ to to%ch a sho%lder sho%lder &ad to hear hear the m%sic. 3%t in f%t%re, f%t%re, yo%:ll yo%:ll be able to o&erate () _______ device @%st by t%rning yo%r wrist or wal"ingA +or athletes, scientists have (0) _______ a smart shirt which meas%res yo%r heart rate, body tem& tem&er erat at%r %ree and and res& res&ir irat atio ion n rate rateAA () () __ ____ ____ ___, _, the the mo most st roma romant ntic ic &iec &iecee of cyberfashion m%st be the eartthrob 3rooch. This item of @ewellery, made from diamonds and r%bies, has two miniat%re transmitters. They (16) _______ the brooch glow in time to the beating of its wearer:s heart. #f yo% (11) (11) _______ _______ some so meon onee go gorg rgeo eo%s %s,, yo yo%r %r hear heartt will will beat beat fast faster er / and and yo yo%r %r broo brooch ch will will (12) (12) _______ _______ everyone "now how yo% feelA 1. 2. $. , *. -. 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. gadgets 7. enabled 7. 7s 7. was 7. that 7. m%st 7. a 7. discovered 7. 7ltho%gh 7. ma"e 7. met 7. allow
3. machines 3. s%cceeded 3. +or 3. has 3. it 3. sho%ld 3. the 3. dreamed 3. While 3. force 3. will meet 3. let
'. instr%ments '. managed '. 3y '. is '. who '. co%ld '. that '. invented '. es&ite '. ca%se '. meet '. &ermit
. tools . res%lted . #n . can . whose . have . any . imagined . owever . bring . are meeting . admit
41 SA!E SA!E THE CORAL REEFS
'oral reefs an fo%nd in clear, shadow water, mostly in the tro&ics. These ocean (1) _______ &rovide shelter for many (2) _______ of animals, incl%ding, shar"s and t%rtles. The reefs &rovide rich fishing gro%nds for local &eo&le. They also hel& boost the to%rist ($) _______. _______. 5adly, 5adly, the world:s world:s reefs are now disa&&earing at a
catastro&hic catastro&hic () _______ There There are several reasons for this. (*) _______ warming warming is a ma@o ma@orr cont contri rib% b%to torr. 'lim 'limat atee chan change ge has has ca%s ca%sed ed sea sea tem& tem&er erat at%r %res es to (-) (-) _______ _______ by abo%t three degrees. 'oral can:t () _______ _______ s%ch warm conditions conditions so the reefs are now %nder (0) _______. ?oll%tion is also a worry. 'oral needs light or it will die. () _______, all over the world, &oll%tion is t%rning the seas m%r"y. 4rosion, over/fishing and %ncontrolled to%rism are also threats. 3%t it:s nott too no too late late.. 'ora 'orall reef reefss can can reco recove verr >% >%ic ic"l "ly y as (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ as they they are are &rotected. The good news is that local &eo&le, s%ch as fishermen, st%dents, st%dents, divers and biologists are becoming (11) _______ involved in controlling &oll%tion and defending the reefs. 7nd when ordinary &eo&le get serio%s abo%t caring for the environment and conserving wildlife, they can really (12) _______ a. difference. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. &laces 7. &arties 7. b%siness 7 rate 7. 9reenho%se 7. rise 7. bear 7. &roblem 7. es&ite 7. far 7. lively 7. ma"e
3 habitats 3. s&ecimens 3. ind%stry 3. level 3 ?lanet 3. raise 3. stand 3. danger 3. While 3. long 3. strongly 3. do
'. areas '. s&ecies '. interest '. n%mber '. 9lobal '. elevate '. allow '. threat '. 7ltho%gh '. well '. energetically '. have
. environs . gro%&s . mar"et . amo%nt . Weather . lift . tolerate . diffic%lty . owever . m%ch . actively . ta"e
42 LONON - OUR AMA'ING AY
8%t wee"end (1) _______ to =ondon was fab%lo%s. There was so m%ch to see and do1 8n o%r first morning we ca%ght a do%ble/dec"er to%rist b%s and (2) _______ _______ sightseeing. sightseeing. 8%r to%r too" in all the famo%s sights, incl%ding incl%ding the o%ses of ?arliament, 3%c"ingham ?alace and Westminster 7bbey, ($) _______ many "ings and >%eens are b%ried. 7fter getting a coffee in one of =ondon:s famo%s &%bs, we headed () _______ _______ the =ondon 4ye. The (*) _______ from the to& were @%st awesomeA 3y the time we:d finished, # was starving, so # insisted (-)
_______ _______ sto&&ing sto&&ing for a sandwich in 5t Fames s ?ar". =ondon is act%ally a very green city and its &ar"s are great &laces to chill o%t in. =oo"ing ro%nd, ro%nd, # saw loads of yo yo%n %ng g &eo& &eo&le le s" s"at ateb eboa oard rdin ing g or @%st @%st hang hangin ing g o% o%tt in the the s% s%ns nshi hine ne.. =ate =aterr, someone s%ggested () _______ a boat ride down the Eiver Thames. #t t%rned o%t to be a great idea and we really en@oyed (0) _______ e&erienceA 3y now it was late and we were h%ngry again. aving s&ent most of o%r cash for the day, we needed to find () _______ chea& to eatA in the end, we (16) _______ in finding an ine&ensive little 'hinese resta%rant in 5oho. #:d never tried 'hinese food before and # wasn:t s%re #:d li"e it, (11) (11) _______ _______ it was greatA +eeling f%ll and ha&&y, we made o%r (12) _______ 'ovent 9arden to watch the street entertainers. #t was a fab%lo%s end to an ama!ing dayA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. @o%rney 7. did 7. where 7. at 7. scenes 7. on 7. to ta"e 7. s%ch 7. somewhere 7. involved 7. altho%gh 7. &ath
3. voyage 3. made 3. how 3. %& 3. views 3. in 3. ta"ing 3. an 3. anywhere 3. &artici&ated 3. b%t 3. road
'. travel '. went '. that '. for '. o%tloo"s ' abo%t '. ta"en '. a '. nowhere 6. engaged '. while '. way
. tri& . had . which . by . loo"s . with . ta"e . the . wherever . s%cceeded . des&ite . ro%te
43 LEARN ENGLISH IN BRITAIN
8ver -66.666 st%dents st%dents come to 3ritain each year to learn 4nglish and immerse im merse themselves (1) _______ a com&lete c%lt%ral e&erience. #t:s a great &lace to st%dy offering many attractions which cannot be fo%nd anywhere else. Why not (2) _______ _______ yo%r stay with visits visits to other 4%ro&ean co%ntries co%ntries which can be easily ($) _______ _______ from 3ritain< 3ritain< We have a variety of eciting &laces in which to st%dy / cosmo&olitan cities, traditional centres of learning, coastal resorts, bea%tif%l historic towns. The choice
is yo%rs. 5cotland/. Tartan, bag&i&es, whis"y, mo%ntains and islands are @%st some of the the thin things gs for for whic which h 5cot 5cotla land nd is () () __ ____ ____ ___, _, isito sitors rs are are (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ to 5cotland:s s&ectac%lar colo%rf%l scenery. The 5cottish 3orders with green rolling co%ntryside, co%ntryside, winding rivers and woodlands are li"ely to (-) _______ to wal"ers. The ighlands is an area of wild bea%ty () _______ in wildlife and rare &lants, with heather covered moorlands and fast flowing rivers. North%mbria/. North%mbria/. North%mbria North%mbria boasts more castles and r%ins than any other 4nglis 4nglish h region region.. 7lon 7long g the entire entire width width of no north rthern ern 4n 4ngla gland nd ; (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ adrian:s Wall, b%ilt by the Eomans to () _______ the 5cots from crossing the border. border. North%mbri North%mbriaa also has miles miles of bea%tif%l bea%tif%l sandy beaches. =ondon/. The ca&ital offers s%&erb sho&&ing/; 8ford 5treet, Eegent 5treet and Dnightsbr Dnightsbridge idge are all "nown (16) ___ ______ ____ _ their their famo%s famo%s stores. #f yo% are loo"ing (11) _______ %n%s%al items, arrods in Dnightsbridge boasts that it can order anything in the world. +or those (12) _______ in s&orts, there:s tennis at Wimbledon, cric"et at =ords and r%gby at Twic"enham as well as many other well "nown events. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. of 7. combine 7. got 7. famo%s 7. &leased 7. search 7. f%ll 7. &asses 7. &revent , 7. as . 7. aro%nd . 7. good
3. in 3. divide 3. &assed 3. worthy 3. delighted 3. attract 3. ecellent 3. r%ns 3. s%s&end 3. by 3. at 3. interested
'. at '. @oin '. reached '. attractive ' enth%sed '. a&&eal '. fond '. starts '. ref%se '. with '. for '. occ%&ied
. for . concentrate . travelled &leasant . attracted . fascinate . rich . flows . defend . for . over . fond
44 THE BLAC# SEA
7rriving in the 3lac" 5ea &ort of 3at%mi was a dream (1) _______ tr%e for me.
+or years # had longed to wander slowly along the &romenade (2) _______ o%t over this landloc"ed sea, so as # headed to the coast, with ($) _______ in my stomach, # felt both ecited and strangely nervo%s. Wo%ld the 3lac" 5ea act%ally be blac"< Well, Well, 11 111 1 () _______ _______ the cat o%t of the bag / it isn:tA isn:tA 7nd, according (*) _______ _______ my g%ideboo", the 3lac" 5ea is more li"e a la"e than a sea. #t has no tides, and, than"s to modern technology, technology, we now "now that below a certain de&th it is too &oisono%s to s%stain life. 3%t its calm s%rface gives a false (-) _______; on stormy days, the ch%rning waters can have a () _______ effect on shi&&ing. y travelling com&anion com&anion and # had bo%ght chea& tic"ets on the overnight train from Tbilisi, the ca&ital of 9eorgia. This had &roved to be a (0) _______ economy as we hardly got any slee&, and by the time we arrived in 3at%mi, we were so tired and h%ngry that we virt%ally () _______ off the train. We had a few (16) _______ _______ to eat from the &revio%s night:s night:s meal b%t nothing a&&etising. That first evening tho%gh, we had a very agreeable time, drin"ing 9eorgian wine, ecited (11) _______ the tho%ght of being by the sea where once, (12) _______ the s%dden storms, 7ncient 9ree"s traded and 3y!antine shi&s &atrolled the shores. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12.
7. gone 7. glim&sing 7. birds 7. let 7. for 7. idea 7. beneficial 7. fa"e 7. strolled 7. de&osits 7 for 7. des&ite
3. ta"en 3. glancing 3. b%tterflies 3. lose 3. at 3. im&ression 3. threatening 3. chea& 3. s"i&&ed 3. leftovers 3. with 3. altho%gh
'. come '. &ee&ing '. moths '. leave '. to '. &retence '. cr%cial '. tr%e '. marched '. relics '. at '. in s&ite
. done . ga!ing . bees . allow . with . sense . devastating . fa"e . staggered . remains . in . nevertheless
45 HOSPITALITY
os&itality / loo"ing after visitors M is %niversal, b%t in different c%lt%res hosts are e&ected to receive g%ests in different ways.
#n m%ch of the ancient (1) _______, it was the c%stom to &rovide &assing travelers with food and water, and (2) _______ after them well. #ndeed in some regions, if visitors were in the middle of a long ($) _______, servants wo%ld wash their feet. Today, some old c%stoms have () _______. #n a traditional Fa&anese ho%se/ hold, if a g%est admires a (*) _______ ob@ect in the ho%se, the host will give it to the g%est straightaway. 7nd it is still (-) _______ in &arts of E%ssia to greet g%ests with bread and salt on a s&ecial cloth The g%est is () _______ to "iss them and hand them bac" to the host. 5ometimes the g%est brea"s (0) _______ a small &iece of bread, bread, di&s it in the salt and eats it. #n some co%ntries, when () _______ g%ests arrive from abroad they may feel they have been given a &artic%larly (16) _______ meal. 3%t this is &robably beca%se the host &olitely (11) (11) _______ _______ offering offering more food and drin", and the g%est is too embarrassed to (12) _______ anything down. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. world 7. name 7. @o%rney 7. s%&&orted 7. %s%al 7. ty&ical 7. needed 7. in 7. foreign 7. strong 7. ta"es %& 7. slow
3. earth 3. loo" 3. travel 3. eisted 3. &recise 3. everyday 3. re>%ired 3. down 3. strange 3. dense 3. "ee&s on 3. "ee&
'. globe '. ta"e '. term '. &reserved '. &artic%lar '. average '. wanted '. o%t '. alien '. heavy '. comes off '. t%rn
. &lanet . go . day . s%rvived . distinct . ordinary . desired . off . %nfamiliar . wide . &%ts in . ta"e
46 SCHOOL SPORTS AY
When # was at school, s&orts day was the highlight of the year. =et me (1) _______ _______ the scene. +irst of all, on s&orts day, it was always bo%nd (2) _______ _______ rain. 5%nny weather< No s%ch l%c". es&ite the &revio%s two months of soaring tem&er tem&erat% at%res res,, as li"ely li"ely ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ no not, t, on the the mo morn rning ing of the games, games, the
tem&erat%re wo%ld &l%mmet. 5o, imagine a h%ndred () _______ small children, dressed in tight shorts and thin vests, shivering in the cold, %naware of the hear heartb tbre rea" a" that that (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in stor storee for for them them.. 5we& 5we&tt (-) (-) __ ____ ____ ___ _ by the the ecitement and des&erate to win, tem&ers soon get () _______. 8ne girl finds herself dis>%alified from the egg and s&oon race des&ite giving it everything she:s got, and another boy, (0) _______ @ealo%s of the winner of the sac" race, ma"es the mista"e of being r%de to him () _______ earshot of the teachers. 5cores of tiny children, (16) _______ disa&&ointed at tasting defeat for the first time, brea" down and cry. Twenty years on, #:m certainly not (11) _______ any yo%nger, b%t # do have some really lasting (12) _______ of those days at schoolA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. &%t 7. for 7. to 7, enth%siast 7. sits 7. %& 7. fract%red 7. fiercely 7. between 7. bitterly 7. &%tting 7. remembrances
3. do 3. to 3. if 3. enth%siastic 3. stands 3. over 3. t%rned 3, warmly 3. among 3. strongly 3. getting 3. mementoes
'. ma"e '. by '. than '. enth%se '. lies '. down '. torn '. "eenly '. within '. warmly '. going '. memories
. set . of . as . enth%siasm . hides . off . frayed . strongly . across . absol%tely . coming . so%venirs
47 A FAMOUS FAMOUS E(PLORER E(PLOR ER
'a&tain Fames 'oo" is remembered today for being one of 3ritain:s most fa/ mo%s e&lorers of the 10th cent%ry. 'oo" was (1) _______ most other e&lorer L, of the same &eriod as he did not come from a wealthy family and had to wor" hard to (2) _______ his &osition in life. e was l%c"y to be ($) _______ by his father:s em&loyer, who saw that he was a bright boy and &aid for him to attend the village school. 7t siteen, he started () _______ in a sho& in a fishing village, and this was a t%rning (*) _______ in his life. e develo&ed an interest in the sea and event%ally @oined the Eoyal Navy in order to see more of the world.
'oo" was (-) _______ by sailing, astronomy and the &rod%ction of ma&s, and >%ic"ly became an e&ert in these s%b@ects. e was also one of the first &eo&le to () _______ that sc%rvy, an illness often s%ffered by sailors, co%ld be &revented by caref%l (0) _______ _______ to diet. #t was d%ring his () () _______ to the ?acific ?acific 8cean that 'oo" made his historic landing in 7%stralia and the (16) _______ discovery that New ealand was two (11) _______ islands. e became a national hero and still (12) _______ one today. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. different 7. achieve 7. remar"ed 7. trade 7. moment 7. "een 7. realise 7. selection 7. travel 7. ma@or 7. shared .7. "ee&s
3. %nli"e 3. s%cceed 3. viewed 3. wor" 3. instant 3. eager 3. estimate 3. organisation 3. ec%rsion 3. s%&erior 3. se&arate 3. stands
'. distinct '. manage '. noticed '. career '. mar" '. fascinated '. catch '. observation '. voyage '. serio%s '. common '. maintains
. contrary . f%lfil . glanced . @ob . &oint . enth%siastic . regard . attention . to%r . leading . &artic%lar . remains
48 THOMAS EISON
8n the night of 21 8ctober 1$1 millions of 7mericans 7mericans too" &art in a coast/to/ coast ceremony to commemorate the &assing of a great man. =ights (1) _______ in homes and offices from New Bor" to 'alifornia. The ceremony (2) _______ the death of arg%ably arg%ably the most im&ortant inventor of ($) _______ time. Thomas 7lva 7lva 4dison. +ew inventors have () _______ s%ch an im&act on everyday life, and many of his inven inventio tions ns &laye &layed d a .:rac .:racial ial (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in the develo develo&m &ment ent of mo moder dern n technology. 8ne sho%ld never (-) _______ how revol%tionary some of 4dison:s inventions were. #n many ways, 4dison is the &erfect eam&le of an inventor / that is, not @%st someone who () _______ %& clever gadgets, b%t someone whose &rod%cts trans/
form the lives of millions. e &ossessed the "ey characteristics that an inventor needs to (0) _______ a s%ccess of inventions, notably sheer determination. 4dison famo%sly tried tho%sands of materials while wor"ing on a new ty&e of battery, reacti reacting ng to fail% fail%re re by cheerf cheerf%ll %lly y () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ to his collea colleag% g%esK esK OWe OWell, (16) (16) _______ _______ we "now 0,666 things that don:t wor".H Dnowing when to ta"e no (11) (11) _______ _______ of e&erts is also im&ortant. im&ortant. 4dison:s 4dison:s &ro&osal for electric lighting circ%itry was (12) _______ with total disbelief by eminent scientists, %ntil he lit %& whole streets with his lights. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12
7. went o%t 7. noted 7. all 7. &%t 7. effect 7. decrease 7. creates 7. gain 7. informing 7. at least 7. attention 7. gathered
3. came off 3. disting%ished 3. f%ll 3. set 3. role 3. lower 3. dreams 3. get 3. anno%ncing 3. by far 3. regard 3. ca%ght
'. t%rned o%t '. mar"ed '. entire '. served '. &lace '. %nderestimate '. sha&es '. achieve '. instr%cting '. even tho%gh '. notice '. drawn
. &%t off . indicated . whole . had . share . mislead . forms . ma"e . notifying . for all . view . received
49 MAR#ETS
#n &ractically any co%ntry in the world, yo% are (1) _______ to find a mar"et somewhere. ar"ets have been with %s since (2) _______ times, and arose wher/ ever &eo&le needed to echange the goods they &rod%ced. +or eam&le, a farmer might have echanged a cow for tools. 3%t @%st as times have ($) _______, so have mar"et &ractices. 5o, () _______ in early times the main activity (*) _______ _______ with mar"ets wo%ld have been GbarteringH M in (-) _______ words echan echangin ging g go goods ods today today mo most st stall/ stall/ho hold lders ers wo%ldn wo%ldn:t :t be too too () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ on acce&ting &otatoes as &ayment, for instance, instead of cash. #n contrast, what might be a common (0) _______ in a modern mar"et in some co%ntries is a certain amo%nt of GhagglingH, where c%stomer and seller event%ally () _______
on a &ric &rice, e, afte afterr what what can can so somet metim imes es be >% >%it itee a heat heated ed deba debate te.. owe oweve ver, r, behavio%r which is (16) _______ in a mar"et in one co%ntry may not be acce&table in another. 4ven within one co%ntry, there may be some mar"ets where yo% co%ld haggle >%ite (11) _______ and others where it wo%ld be (12) _______ not to tryA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. inevitable 7. ancient 7. differed 7. however 7. attached 7, different 7. fond 7. sight 7. confirm 7. e&ected 7. sim&ly 7. &rofitable
3. confident 3. anti>%e 3. t%rned 3. whereas 3. relating 3, other 3. eager 3. vision 3. consent 3. insisted 3. easily 3. noticeable
'. definite '. old '. develo&ed '. nevertheless '. connecting '. new '. "een '. loo" '. agree '. believed '. clearly '. advisable
. s%re C. &ast . changed . des&ite . associated . alternative . &leased . view . a&&rove . rec"oned . &lainly . acce&table
50 UNER THE CITY STREETS
While s"yscra&er offices and elegant a&artment bloc"s remain the &%blic face of most ma@or cities, these cities also have a mass of secret t%nnels and hidden &i&es below gro%nd which "ee& everything wor"ing. This other world eists, for/ gotten or neglected by all b%t a tiny (1) _______ of engineers and historians. +or eam&le, there are more than 1*6 "ilometres of rivers %nder the streets of =ondon. ost have been (2) _______ over and, sadly, all that ($) _______ is their names. ?erha&s the greatest () _______ to the city is the Eiver +leet, a (*) _______ _______ great river which &revio%sly had bea%tif%l ho%ses on its (-) _______. _______. #t now goes %ndergro%nd in the north of the city and () _______ into the Eiver Thames by 3lac"friars 3ridge. The =o =ond ndon on Cnder Cndergr gro% o%nd nd (0) (0) ___ _____ ____ __ 1,666 1,666 "ilom "ilometr etres es of %n %nder dergr gro% o%nd nd railway trac" winding %nder the ca&ital and more than 166 stations below street level. 7long some %ndergro%nd railway lines, comm%ters can sometimes catch a
() _______ glim&se glim&se of the &latforms of more than 6 closed stations which have been left %nder the city. (16) _______ some are %sed as film sets, most (11) (11) _______ _______ forgotten. forgotten. 5ome have had their entrances on the street t%rned into resta%rants and sho&s, b%t most entrances have been (12) _______ down. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. total 7. sheltered 7. remains 7. miss 7. &ast 7. borders 7. gets 7. holds 7. brief 7. es&ite 7. live 7. &%lled
3. amo%nt 3. &rotected 3. sto&s 3. absence 3. once 3. coasts 3. flows 3. contains 3. ra&id 3. 7ltho%gh 3. last 3. bro"en
'. n%mber '. hidden '. stays '. loss '. then '. rims ', lea"s '. consists '. fast '. Cnless '. lie '. bro%ght
. few . covered . "ee&s . waste . &rior . ban"s . lets . has . shar& . 5ince . lay . c%t
51 A GOO SI ART TO A HOLIAY
# had never been to enmar" before, and when # set o%t to catch the ferry in early ay, # little (1) _______ that by the end of the tri& #:d have made s%ch last/ ing friendshi&s. # wanted to (2) _______ my time well, so # had &lanned a ro%te which wo%ld ($) _______ several small islands and vario%s &arts of the co%ntryside. # arrived at 4sb@erg, a () _______ &ort for a cyclist:s arrival, where to%rist information can be obtained and money changed. 7. cycle trac" (*) _______ _______ o%t of town and down to Eibe, where # s&ent my first night. #n my (-) (-) __ ____ ____ ___, _, a &ers &erson on trav travel elli ling ng alon alonee so som metim etimes es meet meetss with with %ne&ected hos&itality, and this tri& was no () _______. #n Eibe, # got into conversation with a cheerf%l man who t%rned (0) _______ to be the local ba"er. e insisted that # sho%ld () _______ his family for l%nch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his da%ghter in 8dense. Within min%tes, he had (16) _______ for me to visit her and her family. Then # was (11) _______ on my way with a
fresh loaf of bread to "ee& me (12) ________ and the feeling that this wo%ld t%rn o%t to be a wonderf%l holiday. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. wondered 7. ta"e 7. contain 7. ca&able 7. moves 7. e&erience 7. difference 7. o%t 7. greet 7. settled 7. &assed 7. going
3. do%bted 3. serve 3. incl%de 3. ready 3. rides 3. "nowledge 3. ece&tion 3. %& 3. @oin 3. fied 3. &%t 3. ma"ing
'. s%s&ected '. eercise '. enclose '. favo%rable '. leads '. observation '. change '. in '. see '. arranged '. beg%n '. being
. @%dged . %se . consist . convenient . connects . information . contrast . over . a&&roach . ordered . sent . doing
52 MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
8ne of the most diffic%lt diffic%lt b%t rewarding of &astimes is mo%ntain mo%ntain climbing. The moder mo dern n climb climber er m% m%st st (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ many many diff differe erent nt s"ill s"ills. s. Eoc" Eoc" climb climbin ing g (2) (2) _______ _______ a combination combination of gymnastic gymnastic ability, ability, imagination imagination and observation, observation, b%t &erha&s the most necessary s"ill is being able to ($) _______ _______ o%t how m%ch weight a &artic%lar roc" will () _______. o%ntaineers climb in gro%&s of three or fo%r, each climber at a distance of a&&roimately si metres from the net. Cs%ally one &erson climbs while the other climbers (*) _______ hold of the ro&e. The most e&erienced climber goes first and (-) _______ the other climbers which way to go, ma"ing the ro&e sec%re so that it is () _______ for the others to follow. With m%ch mo%ntain climbing, snow s"ills (0) _______ a very im&ortant &art. #ce aes are %sed for () _______ ste&s into the snow and for testing the gro%nd. 'limbers always tie themselves together so that, if the leader falls, he or she can be held by the others and (16) _______ bac" to safety. The n%mber of dangers (11) _______ by climbers is almost endless. 7nd the (12) _______ of oygen at high altit%des ma"es life even more diffic%lt for mo%ntaineers. 1. 2.
7. &ossess 7. orders
3. hold 3. insists
'. control '. calls
. own . re>%ires
$. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12
7. wor" 7. s%&&ly 7. contin%e 7. indicates 7. s%re 7. act . 7. brea"ing 7. given 7. faced 7. need
3. try 3. s%&&ort 3. stay 3. signals 3. safe 3. do 3. tearing 3. &%lled 3. to%ched 3. ga&
'. stand '. &rovide '. "ee& '. &oints '. de&endable '. ma"e '. c%tting '. &%t '. felt '. lac"
. set . offer . maintain . shows . reliable . &lay . s&litting . sent , mar"ed . demand
53 WHOSE WA!E POWER IS IT%
'onstr%ction of the world:s biggest wave/energy installation is (1) _______ ahead off the coast of 'ornwall in so%thwest 4ngland. ore than twenty/one million &o%nds: (2) _______ of f%nding has been agreed for what is ($) _______ as Wave %b, a giant electrical terminal on the seabed ten miles off the coast. Wave %b will allow a n%mber of different wave/energy devices o&erating in the area to transmit the energy they generate along a high/voltage %ndersea cable, bac" to the the shore. 8nce it is in () _______ o&eration, Wave %b is (*) _______ to s%&&ort the largest concentration concentration of wave/energy machines anywhere in the world. #t will also mar" an enormo%s (-) _______ forward in the develo&ment of wave &ower, which has tended to () _______ behind its co%sins in the other main (0) _______ of renewable energy technologyK wind &ower and solar &ower. 3%t s%rfers in the so%thwest have () _______ concerns abo%t the &ro@ect. 'ornwall is 3ritain:s &rinci&al s%rfing region (16) _______ of the si!e of the 7tlantic rollers hitting the beaches there, and s%rfers are concerned that the energy ta"en from the waves may (11) _______ in a red%ction of as m%ch as eleven &er/ cent in the height of those waves when they (12) _______ the shore. 3%t an inde/ &endent st%dy re&orted this wee" that any effect e ffect on wave height will &robably be m%ch less than the s%rfers had (1$) _______. 1.
7. setting
3. getting
'. ma"ing
. going
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. amo%nt 7. referred 7. whole 7. &la%sible 7. ste& 7. leave 7. branches 7. e&lained 7. beca%se 7. arise 7. arrive 7. scared
3. worth 3. called 3. entire 3. li"ely 3. stri"e 3. delay 3. limbs 3. s&o"en 3. acco%nt 3. %&shot 3. reach 3. worried
'. >%antity '. entitled '. f%ll '. &robable '. &ace '. drag '. wings '. e&ressed '. reason '. concl%de '. realise '. feared
. val%e . "nown . thoro%gh . s%rely . tread . lag . &rongs . commented . than"s . res%lt . achieve . frightened
54 WHAT MA#ES A GOO SOU!ENIR% S OU!ENIR%
8n my des" at home, # have a collection of so%venirs; so%venirs; ob@ects that (1) _______ me of &laces #:ve visited and im&ortant events in my life. These ob@ects incl%de a model boat that # saw being (2) _______ from a &iece of wood on a 'aribbean is/ land, a &iece of lava that ($) _______ volcano in the year # was born, and a shell () _______ on my favo%rite childhood beach. (*) _______ everything else, from which memory and detail fades, it is as if the longer yo% hold on to certain ob@ects, the (-) _______ their associations with the &ast become, and the shar&er the recollections that gather aro%nd them. They are, () _______, real so%venirs, enca&s%lations not only of the &lace, b%t of yo%r time in the &lace. 3%t these days, the term Greal so%venirsH so%nds li"e a con/ tradiction in (0) _______, and this is beca%se the ob@ects sold to to%rists as so%ve/ nirs are often chea& mass/&rod%ced im&orts that have nothing to () _______ with the &lace at all. #t:s often the (16) _______ that the best so%venirs, li"e my shell, are fo%nd rather than &%rchased, b%t (11) _______ for so%venirs can also be a f%n holiday activity. 3%t if yo% are b%ying so%venirs on holiday this s%mmer, ma"e s%re they (12) _______ the reality test. 7 good so%venir is not @%st made in the area where it is bo%ght, it also says something abo%t the c%lt%re of that area. #t is something
made by local &eo&le %sing s%stainable local materials, and beca%se yo% are ef/ fectively s%&&orting the local economy, it sho%ldn:t (1$) _______ too chea&, either. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. remind 7. s"etched 7. develo&ed 7. &ic"ed %& 7. 8&&osite 7. greater 7. albeit 7. meanings 7. gain 7. &oint 7. &%rs%ing 7. win 7. go
3. memorise 3. carved 3. a&&eared 3. b%m&ed into 3. issimilar 3. wider 3. otherwise 3. terms 3. ma"e 3. case 3. see"ing 3. &ass 3. charge
'. remember '. thrown '. emerged '. come across '. ifferent '. larger '. whereas '. words '. do ' fact ' s%rfing '. beat '. come
. commemorate . scratched . arrived . fo%nd o%t . Cnli"e . harder . therefore . names . get . tr%th . browsing . ta"e . cost
55 WOR#ING IN A 'OO
oo"ee&ing is an (1) _______ b%t fascinating @ob. 7 lot of yo%ng &eo&le say they want to wor" (2) _______ animals and being a !oo"ee&er is &ossibly the most interesting of the @obs yo% co%ld be ($) _______. The @ob () _______ not @%st cleaning and feeding the animals in the !oo b%t also chec"ing %& on them to ma"e s%re they are well or if there are any (*) _______ to their behavio%r. Bo% will also need to (-) _______ after them if they are sic". Bo% Bo% have to be &re&ared to do more () _______, boring tas"s as well, s%ch as chec"ing their cages and enclos%res. #n addition, yo% have to en@oy wor"ing with &eo&le (0) _______ yo% %s%ally have to answer >%estions >%estions from visitors to the !oo. Bo Bo% don:t need to have a lot of () _______ to be a !oo"ee&er. #t is the "ind of @ob that (16) _______ more on yo% having an interest in animals and animal behavio%r. #f yo% want to a&&ly, it:s a good idea to get some e&erience by doing some vol%nteer (11) _______ _______ at the wee"ends. Bo Bo% may also need to be >%ite fit as yo% may have to do a lot of wal"ing and (12) _______. Bo% don:t @%st have to wor" in a !oo either, as many !oo"ee&ers wor" in wildlife &ar"s, which can be (1$) _______ more
ecitingA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. abnormal 7. by 7. s%ggested 7. involves 7. s%bstit%tes 7. get 7. ro%tine 7. therefore 7. training 7, co%nts 7. wor" 7. holding 7. >%ite
3. %ne&ected 3. beside 3. offered 3, contains 3. de&art%res 3. loo" 3. %noriginal 3. owing 3. coaching 3. relies 3. b%siness 3. trans&orting 3. very
'. %n%s%al '. for '. shown '. considers . '. alterations '. ta"e '. habit%al '. so '. &reå '. tr%sts '. @ob 9. bearing '. m%ch
. etraordinary . with . &ro&osed . needs . alternatives . go . c%stomary . beca%se . g%iding . leans . occ%&ation . carrying . &lenty
56 PLANET EARTH
The television &rogramme ?lanet 4arth was a (1) _______ series that was broadcast in many co%ntries. co%ntries. The &rogramme &rogramme (2) _______ _______ at the different different envi/ ronments on o%r &lanet and the animals that live in these environments. environments. #t showed vario%s habitats as ($) _______ as &lants and animals that have never been seen before on television. television. 4ach &rogramme &rogramme showed different different () _______ _______ of o%r &lanet, s%ch as deserts, forests, forests, seas and so on, and loo"ed at the way animals and &lants (*) _______ in these &laces. What was interesting interesting was that it made (-) _______ _______ reference to the environmental environmental &roblems that face o%r &lanet b%t instead was a () _______ of all the different life forms on the &lanet. The series was incr incred edib ibly ly &o &o&% &%la larr and and the the &h &hot otog ogra ra&h &hy y was was ama! ama!in ing g (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the &hotogra&hers &hotogra&hers wor"ing on the series managed to () _______ some wonderf%l wonderf%l scenes of animals in their nat%ral habitats. The series attracted h%ge a%diences ro%nd the world and won several (16) _______ for the &eo&le who made the &rogrammes. &rogrammes. The &rod%cers are now (11) (11) _______ _______ another &rogramme &rogramme called ?lanet 4arthK The +%t%re, which will loo" at environmental iss%es, s%ch as (12) _______ _______ change, and also at how we can save animals which are in danger of becoming (1$) (1$) _______. _______.
1. 2. $. , *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. main 7. ins&ected 7. greatly 7. divisions 7. lasted 7. no 7. festival 7. as 7. win 7. awards 7. com&osing 7. climate 7. lost
3. ma@or 3. viewed 3. well 3. districts 3. remained 3. not 3. anniversary 3. d%e 3. bring 3. rewards 3. ma"ing 3. weather 3. inactive
'. heavy '. loo"ed '. m%ch '. areas '. s%&&orted '. some '. celebration '. so '. earn '. decorations '. forming '. tem&erat%re '. etinct
. large . observed . f%lly . &rovinces . s%rvived . any . &erformance . owing . ca&t%re . &remi%ms . sha&ing . atmos&here . dead
57 HOGWARTS SCHOOL
ogwarts school is the school made (1) _______ in the arry ?otter novels. #t is a s&ecial school for witches and wi!ards (2) _______ the ages of eleven and eighteen. The school teaches boys and girls and is a ($) _______ school located somewhere in 5cotland. #n many () _______ it is li"e any other school in the CD. #t has a (*) _______ teacher and even a school song, and feeds the st%dents ty&ically 3ritish food. 5t%dents live in ho%ses and slee& in dormitories. They can (-) _______ &oints for their ho%ses. The school year is divided into three () _______. _______. 5t%dents have to (0) _______ tests and eams and if they misbehave they are () _______ with a detention or can even be e&elled. owever, it (16) _______ _______ in many im&ortant ways. +or a start the school is over one tho%sand tho%sand years old. 7lso st%dents at the school are allowed to bring a cat, a toad or an owl with them and have to bring several odd (11) _______ of e>%i&ment, s%ch as a wand and a telesco&e. The (12) _______ is a wi!ard:s o%tfit and st%dents are ta%ght the history of magic and care of magical creat%res rather than maths or 4nglishA 4ven (1$) _______ strangely, in their tests, they can get more than 166 &er cent. 1. 2.
7. famo%s 7. from
3. &%blic 3. among
'. "nown '. between
. ecellent . with
$. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$
7. boarding 7. methods 7. boss 7. carry 7. sections 7. ma"e 7. &%nished 7. alters 7. articles 7. cost%me 7. etra
3. dormitory 3. c%stoms 3. main 3. achieve 3. terms 3. cond%ct 3. r%led 3. changes 3. &ieces 3. %niform 3. more
'. college '. habits '. head '. catch '. seasons '. &erform '. controlled '. differs '. &arts '. o%tfit '. m%ch
. vocational . ways . to& . win . &eriods . do . corrected . de&arts . lots . s%it . as
58 CELEBRITY PUNISHMENT
8ne form of &%nishment that has become increasingly (1) _______ with co%rts in the CD and C57 is something called comm%nity service. This is when some/ body has been (2) _______ _______ of a minor crime b%t, instead of being sent to &rison, they have to do some ($) _______ in the comm%nity. When they are in co%rt the () _______ tells them how many ho%rs: comm%nity comm%nity service they will have to do. The sort of things they are (*) _______ to do are things li"e &ainting b%ildings or (-) _______ %& litter from the streets. #t seems to wor" very well beca%se it () _______ _______ the towns get some @obs done that need doing and the criminal is made to (0) _______ with the res%lts of their actions. 7lso it costs the government m%ch less than () _______ somebody in &rison, as it is li"e a @ob which is @%st done d%ring the day. #t is something that has had a lot of &%blicity beca%se several cele celebr brit itie iess who who have have (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the law law, for for eam eam&l &lee for for s& s&ee eedi ding ng or sho& sho&lif liftin ting, g, have have been been made made to clean clean the street streets. s. 7t the same same (11) (11) __ ____ ____ ___, _, &hotogra&hers &hotogra&hers follow them everywhere so it can be very embarrassing. The (12) _______ _______ also means it is a warning to ordinary &eo&le abo%t what can ha&&en if they (1$) _______ a crime. 1. 2. $. ,
7, famo%s 7. arrested 7. occ%&ations 7. director
3. "nown 3. convicted 3. labo%rs 3. @%dge
'. celebrated '. ca%ght '. eercises '. referee
. &o&%lar . charged . @obs . a%thority
*. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. &romised 7. &ic"ing 7. res%lts 7. deal 7. &ossessing 7. bro"en 7. moment 7. advertising 7. ma"e
3. warned 3. c%tting 3. ca%ses 3. handle 3. controlling 3. crac"ed 3. time 3. notice 3. &erform
'. as"ed '. &%lling '. involves '. manage '. "ee&ing '. dismissed '. &eriod '. &%blicity '. deliver
. e&lained . saving . means . treat . storing . crashed . term . broadcast . commit
59 LI!ING HISTORY HISTORY
8ne (1) _______ we can find o%t more abo%t how o%r (2) _______ lived is by act%ally living in the &ast o%rselves. This was the ($) _______ for a. television &rogramme &rogramme abo%t how &eo&le lived a very long time ago in the #ron 7ge. 7ge. The T com&any () _______ 12 &eo&le, incl%ding children, to go and live for fo%r wee"s in a s&ecially (*) _______ %& village. The village was (-) _______ as if it was in the #ron 7ge. The com&any em&loyed historians to ma"e () _______ they got everything b%ilt in the same way as it wo%ld have been done h%ndreds of years (0) _______. _______. The &eo&le in the &rogramme &rogramme had to recreate the #ron 7ge 7ge life %sing the vario%s () _______ _______ and materials from that 7ge. The The vol%nteers had to learn the (16) _______ they needed to live, s%ch as bas"et ma"ing and farming the land. They were then filmed as they str%ggled to live with no electricity, limited water and (11) _______ mechanical at all. They also had to wear the clothes from the (12) _______ which were made from ro%gh cloth and were not very comfortable. The thing they all fo%nd most diffic%lt diffic%lt was the (1$) _______ they had to wor" all day from dawn to s%nset and had no rest timeA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. co%rse 7. ancestors 7. creation 7. elected 7. &%t 7. raised 7. s%re 7. &ast
3. manner 3. relatives 3. direction 3. selected 3. bro%ght 3, man%fact%red 3. sec%re 3. since
'. system '. line '. ins&iration '. fied '. o&ened '. constr%cted '. firm '. yet
. way . tribe , birth . ado&ted . set . com&osed . definite . ago
. 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. wor"s 7. s"ills 7. not any 7. cycle 7. &oint
3. &ieces 3. facilities 3. nothing 3. stage 3. sit%ation
'. tools '. e&eriences '. none '. &eriod '. event
, %nits . >%alities . no one . days . fact
60 E(PRESS YOURSELF
Whenever someone (1) _______ a goal in football, they seem to have a s&ecial (2) _______ that is &artic%lar to them or their team. 3ig matches ($) _______ the most s%ccessf%l football teams always have &layers who () _______ strange movements ro%nd the &itch after a goal. 5ome do sim&le things (*) _______ r%n/ ning ro%nd and ro%nd many times with their arms in the air. 5ome 5ome do something some thing a bit more (-) _______ _______ s%ch as a cartwheel in the air or even several fli&s or somersa%lts. There are also &layers who do something significant for them &er/ sonally. 8ften this is a () _______, s%ch as "issing their wedding ring or (0) _______ _______ to hold a baby. ?sychologists ?sychologists thin" these e&ressions e&ressions of self are im&ortant beca%se in football the &layers have to be very () _______ d%ring the match and it is only after a goal that they can (16) _______ go and e&ress themselves. This (11) _______ is %s%ally individ%al to the &layer and each &layer on the team may do something different. (12) _______ some may r%n ro%nd the &itch getting a lot of a&&la%se and a&&roval from their fans, others will do something in front of the o&&osing fans in order to show (1$) _______ and remind them who the winner is. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16
7. scores 7. festival 7. involving 7. wor" 7. as 7. fit 7. symbol 7. fa"ing 7.chec"ed . 7. let
3. ma"es 3. anniversary 3. n%mbering 3. act 3. li"e 3. strong 3/ image 3. &laying 3. controlled 3. allow
'. wins '. celebration '. concerning '. observe '. similar '. athletic '. fig%re '. &%tting '. commanded '. ma"e
. hits . &arty . containing . &erform . instance . m%sc%lar . badge . &retending . managed . release
11 12 1$
. 7. o&eration . 7. es&ite . 7. aro%nd
3. ed%cation 3. While 3. %&
'. behavio%r '. owever '. o%t
. f%nction . 5ince . off
61 ONLY AI THE MO!IES%
Nowadays (1) _______ effects in films are so so&histicated so&histicated that we (2) _______ _______ it for granted granted that we can create fantasy fantasy worlds that loo" com&letely real. real. 3%t what abo%t all the things that ($) _______ in films that are closer to real life< These are the "ind of things that we () _______ as tr%e and yet scientists tell %s they are not. (*) _______ eam&le, in films abo%t earth>%a"es yo% often see the road s&litting in (-) _______ with a big crac", sometimes with lava coming %& from %ndergro%nd. 5cientists say this is never the () _______, They say that in reality a crac" wo%ld (0) _______ that one side of the road wo%ld be higher than the other and there wo%ldn:t be () _______ lava, which is only in volcanoes. 8r what abo%t movies where we see the hero "noc"ing thro%gh the hatch at the to& of a lift to (16) _______< #n fact, lifts hardly ever have ceiling &anels these days (11) _______ _______ they are so dangero%s. dangero%s. 7lso, 7lso, if there were hatches they wo%ld be (12) _______ _______ with a switch to disconnect the &ower so /yo% co%ldn:t co%ldn:t @%m& o%tside while the lift was (1$) _______ as it wo%ld a%tomatically sto&. 5o even when it loo"s real, a lot of what we see in films really is fantasy and not fact. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. strange 7. ta"e 7. follow 7. e&ect 7. ?er 7. &art 7. condition 7. mean 7. some 7. esca&e 7. hence 7. ada&ted 7. increasing
3. odd 3. ma"e 3. tell 3. acce&t 3. #n 3. two 3. occasion 3. involve 3, none 3. brea" 3. beca%se 3. &re&ared 3. moving
'. weird '. have '. go '. admit '. 7s '. &air '. case '. intend '. any '. s"i& '. th%s '. fitted '. advancing
. s&ecial . do . ha&&en . agree . +or . do%ble . state . ca%se . no . sli& . nevertheless . sha&ed . carrying
62 WHAT)S IN IT FOR ME%
5t%dents and @obsee"ers "een to get onto the co%rse or into the wor"&lace of their (1) _______, ho&e that vol%ntary wor" will hel& them (2) _______ from the crowd. This chance to ($) _______ e&erience / &ersonally and &rofessionally P is () _______ on the wish/list of yo%ng &eo&le. 7 s%rvey carried o%t last year revealed that yo%ng and old (*) _______ said vol%nteering vol%nteering had im&roved im&roved their lives, &artic%larly those (-) _______ _______ in conserva/ tion or heritage wor". 3%sinesses recognise its im&ortance and get to () _______ their &rofile in the comm%nity, while staff get a brea" from their daily ro%tine to develo& Gsoft s"il s" ills lsH, H,
(0) (0)
____ __ ____ ___ _
init initia iati tive ve and and
deci decisi sion on/m /ma" a"in ing. g. 8ne 8ne
vol% vo l%nt ntee eeri ring ng
organi!ation is () _______ another s%rvey to find o%t if vol%nteering does ma"e a difference in the wor"&lace, or if it is something b%sinesses do sim&ly to im&rove their (16) _______ Not (11) (11) _______ _______ are b%siness/s&onsor b%siness/s&onsored ed &lacements becoming more common, the government is also investing money and aiming to (12) _______ vol%nteers. The &%sh is clearly on to ma"e vol%nteering as attractive as &ossible to everyone. 7nd the more &eo&le who &artici&ate, the more the act f%lfils its (1$) _______ _______ of ma"ing ma"ing the world world a better &lace. &lace. 1. 2. $. . *. -. , 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. alternative 7. &oint o%t 7. gain 7. etreme 7. similar 7. committed 7. increase 7. s%ch 7. cond%cting 7. re&resentation 7. merely 7. recr%it 7. design
3 o&tion 3. lift o%t 3. achieve 3. shar& 3. ali"e 3. associated 3. raise 3. s%ch and s%ch 3. g%iding 3. image 3. @%st 3. claim 3. direction
'. choice '. &ic" o%t '. collect '. high '. the same '. connected '. aro%se '. s%ch li"e '. governing '. loo" '. only '. bring '. mar"
, election . stand o%t . win . strong . too . involved . motivate . s%ch as . directing . fig%re . sim&ly . enter . aim
63 SAY *NO* TO PLASTIC BAGS
3id yo% "now that on (1) _______ we ta"e home 1*6 &lastic bags ann%ally< #n (2) _______ words, that means a global fig%re of one million &lastic bags ta"en home every min%te. We are s%re yo%:ll agree this is a tr%ly shoc"ing statistic. ?last ?lastic ic bags bags canno cannott be sim& sim&ly ly ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ of along along with with yo yo%r %r dom domest estic ic r%bbish / they can blow off landfill sites and become highly () _______ litter which can remain in the environment for a n%mber of years. They are not only an eyesore b%t they are a (*) _______ to the environment too. +or eam&le, &lastic bags almost dammed the 3%riganga river in 3angladesh, 3angladesh, and they are widely (-) _______ _______ res&onsible res&onsible for ca%sing devastating floods there on two se&arate () _______. _______. They also (0) _______ a &artic%lar threat to wildlife. ore and more () _______ _______ dead t%rtles and whales are discovered washed %& on beaches, "illed by swallowing &lastic bags. To marine life, a &lastic bag closely (16) _______ a @ellyfish. These are the (11) _______ why yo% sho%ld re%se &lastic hags yo% already have or ta"e a small r%c"sac" on tri&s to the s%&ermar"et. Why not ta"e (12) _______ _______ now and show how m%ch yo% care abo%t the environment environment by (1$) _______ _______ this small small ste&A 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. eam&le 7. fewer 7. thrown 7. evident 7. ris" 7. held 7. activities 7. &ose 7. re&eatedly 7. e>%ates 7. motives 7. action 7. hel&ing
3. normal 3. some 3. dis&osed 3. observable 3. diffic%lty 3. shown 3. occasions 3. set 3. fre>%ently 3. reminds 3. ca%ses 3, advantage 3. ta"ing
'. average '. those '. finished '. mar"ed '. danger '. made '. incidents '. model '. %s%ally ', resembles '. so%rces '. against '. following
. ratio . other . %sed . visible . &roblem . ta"en . e&isodes . generate . generally . a&&ears . reasons . acco%nt . doing
64 NEW HUNT FOR LIFE IN SPACE
3ritish s&ace scientists are &lanning to @oin the 7mericans (1) _______ the race to find evidence of life on other &lanets. 7lan ?enny and his team at the E%ther/ ford 7&&leton =aboratory have (2) _______ a telesco&e that is 6 times more ($) _______ _______ than %bble. () _______ _______ as GarwinH, this telesco&e co%ld tell if &lanets *6 light years away have any (*) _______ of life on them. Two Two days after N757 scientists scientists had shown &roof that one of F%&iter:s moons moons co%ld s%&&ort life, ?enny (-) _______ that his telesco&e may be incl%ded in a 4%ro&ean 5&ace 7gency mission. The arwin &ro@ect, with a () _______ of I*66 million, is on a shortlist of two &ro&osals. #f a&&roved, it will &robably be (0) _______ in aro%nd five five year years: s: time time,, its its dest destin inat atio ion n so some mewh wher eree betw betwee een n ars ars and and F% F%&i &ite terr. Th Thee bl%e&rint is act%ally for for live telesco&es telesco&es &ositioned &ositioned *6 metres () _______ _______ in s&ace, slowl slowly y circli circling ng// a centra centrall &roce &rocess ssing ing statio station. n. Th Thee combin combined ed data data from from these these telesco&es wo%ld (16) _______ _______ a f%ll &ict%re of a &lanet, &ic"ing o%t faint images that have never been seen before. arwin wo%ld not be able to ta"e detailed &hotogra&hs &hotogra&hs of the &lanets it (11) (11) _______, _______, b%t ?enny believes a second/ generation telesco&e co%ld be sent %& to do this. e claims it is worthwhile ma&&ing the %niverse aro%nd o%r own galay, even tho%gh these &lanets lie (12) _______ _______ o%r reach for the moment. The 4%ro&ean 5&ace 7gency 7gency is e&ected to ma"e a (1$) _______ shortly on whether the arwin &ro@ect will go ahead. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. in 7. tho%ght 7. &owerf%l 7. 'alled 7. sha&e 7. told 7. &rice 7. driven 7. distant 7. save %& 7. discovers 7. o%t
3. on 3. intended 3. stri"ing 3. Dnown 3. race 3. s&o"e 3. b%dget 3. fetched 3. far 3. b%ild %& 3. searches 3. toward
'. at '. drawn '. forcef%l '. 'onsidered '. "ind '. advertised '. charge ' ta"en '. a&art '. end %& '. invents '. over
. by . designed . strong . Named . brand . anno%nced . sched%le . la%nched . away . &%t %& . loo"s . beyond
1$.
7. concl%sion
3. verdict
' decision
. view
65 !IRTUAL OCTORS
'lare arrison rarely (1) _______ ill and hates going to the doctor:s when she does. 5o when she recently (2) _______ o%t in a &ainf%l rash down one side of her body she emailed her sym&toms, sym&toms, which also incl%ded a ($) _______ fever, to e/ doc, the #nternet medical service. Two ho%rs later she was diagnosed as having shin sh ingl gles es (er (er&e &ess o ost ster er)) by her her on onli line ne do doct ctor or,, who who () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ a s& s&ec ecia iall cleansing sol%tion for the rash and analgesics to hel& (*) _______ the &ain. ealth advice is now the second most &o&%lar to&ic that &eo&le search for on the #nternet, and online medical (-) _______ is big b%siness. 5ites () _______ enormo%sly in what they offer, with services ranging from the e>%ivalent of a medical agony a%nt to a live chat with a doctor via email. They are clearly (0) _______ _______ a demand from &eo&le who are too b%sy or, in some cases, too embarrassed to disc%ss their medical () _______ with their 9?. r Eon eronis (16) _______ with the idea for e/doc when he (11) _______ a &artic%larly dangero%s form of malaria malaria whilst travelling travelling in a remote remote &art of 7frica, With only very basic medical facilities available, r eronis resolved there and then then to la%n la%nch ch his site site and and (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ a serv servic icee for othe others rs who who fo%n fo%nd d themselves in a similar sit%ation. Not all &ractitioners, however, are in favo%r of sites s%ch as e/doc; many &oint to the &otential dangers of online medical advice, &artic%larly in the case of of more (1$) (1$) _______ _______ illnesses. illnesses. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. t%rns 7. &assed 7. small 7. determined 7. disa&&ear 7. cons%ltation 7. alter 7. meeting 7. hardshi& 7. came %&
3. stays 3. came 3. wea" 3. concl%ded 3. relieve 3. a&&ointment 3. disting%ish 3. serving 3. story 3. tho%ght over
'. goes '. wor"ed '. mild '. intended '. im&rove '. meeting '. change '. creating '. com&laint '. got on
. falls . ran . calm . &rescribed . lighten . attendance . vary , establishing . harm . &%t forward
11. 12. 1$.
7. received 7. s%&&ly 7. im&ortant
3. gained 3, &rovide 3. deathly
'. contracted '. distrib%te '. serio%s
. ac>%ired . deliver . endangered
66 CHANGING COUNTRIES
(1) _______ a new life and ho&ing for a significant (2) _______ in their standard of living, foreign wor"ers began floc"ing into Western 4%ro&e d%ring the 1*6s. #n 3ritain, some of the first immigrants arriving from the West #ndies and the #ndian s%bcontin s%bcontinent ent were welcomed welcomed by brass brass bands, bands, b%t the dream of a new life soon ($) _______ so%r for many. 7ttracted by the &romise to earn good money and learn new s"ills, the reality they fo%nd was often one of low wages and, in many () _______, %nem&loyment. 5ome did not ada&t (*) _______ to life in a co%ntry of cold weather, weather, cold welcomes welcomes and discrim discriminat ination ion.. The (-) _______ _______ of West #ndian #ndian immigrants () _______ into the inner cities, areas that were already fra%ght with social tensions ca%sed by &overty and (0) _______ ho%sing. There were cases of o&en hostility towards the newcomers; in 1*0, riots () _______ o%t in Notting ill, West =ondon, when gangs of white yo%ths began ta%nting immigrants. Bet des&ite des&ite the (16) (16) ___ ______ ____ _ diffic diffic%lti %lties es they enco%nte enco%ntered, red, many foreign foreign wor"ers did manage to (11) _______ to their new conditions, conditions, settling in their new ado&ted co%ntry and &ros&ering. Their contrib%tion had the effect not only of s&eeding %& the (12) _______ of economic change in the &ostwar &eriod, it also (1$) _______ Western 4%ro&e into a m%ltiracial society. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. .
7. 5ee"ing 7. switch 7. switched 7. cases 7. closely 7. most 7. changed 7. low 7. came
3. Wishing 3. variation 3. converted 3. eam&les 3. greatly 3. ma@ority 3. lived 3. &oor 3. carried
'. 5earching '. modification '. t%rned '. ways '. easily '. &ercentage '. arrived '. few '. bro"e
. =eading . change . changed . occasions . normally . n%mber . moved . wea" . started
16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. several 7. amend 7. &ace 7. modified
3. n%mero%s 3. alter 3. motion 3. transferred
'. high '. t%rn '. growth '. transformed
. heavy . ad@%st . ste& . shifted
67 CROCOILE FARMS
When 7ndy Fohnson (1) _______ 3ritain:s first ever crocodile farm in 266-, he (2) _______ %nder fierce criticism from animal rights gro%&s, o&&osed to the factory farming of wildlife. owever, Fohnson, who also farms cattle, &igs and lambs, ($) _______ that his motivation for starting a crocodile farm was for () _______ _______ environmental environmental reasons. e wants to &rotect wild crocodiles from being &oached, and he is &rimarily &rimarily interested interested in their their meat, not their s"ins. s"ins. G3y s%&&lying 4%ro&eans with home/&rod%ced crocodile, we can (*) _______ the mar"et val%e of illegally s%&&lied s%&&lied crocodile meat,H he claims. Fohnson says the meat Ghas a mild flavo%r / it:s low fat, high &rotein, very healthy and h%manely &rod%cedH. is crocodiles are ho%sed in a tro&ically heated room that (-) _______ aro%nd 26 by $6 metres, so they have &lenty of room. owever, r 'lifford Warwic", a re&tile biologist, () _______ concernK GTheir biology and behavio%r behavio%r do not (0) _______ _______ themselves themselves to a ca&tive life. The animals may seem &eacef%l and relaed, b%t an animal behavio%rist can see that they are stressed.H #n the last cent%ry, cent%ry, many s&ecies of crocodiles were h%nted to the () _______ of etinction as trade in their s"ins flo%rished. 5ome $66,666 7%stralian 7%stralian saltwater crocodiles were "illed between 1* and 1$. The alligator s%ffered a similar (16) _______, altho%gh both s&ecies are now &rotected and their (11) _______ are slowly rising. Worldwide, Worldwide, the legal trade in crocodilian s"ins (crocodiles, (crocodiles, alli / gators and caymans) has ro%ghly tri&led since 1, rising to a million or (12) _______ _______ animals by by 266$. The ma@ority ma@ority of these these are farmed animals, animals, b%t %&wards of 6,666 are "illed ann%ally in the (1$) _______. 1.
7. &%t o%t
3. gave off
'. set %&
. bro%ght abo%t
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. &%t 7. ascertains 7. &%rely 7. downsi!e 7. r%les 7. e&resses 7. let 7. frontier 7. l%c" 7. gro%&s 7. some 7. wild
3. went 3. insists 3. %tterly 3. down&lay 3. si!es 3. gives 3. owe 3. edge 3. destination 3. n%mbers 3. many 3. nat%ral
'. met '. ins%res '. cleanly '. %nderc%t '. ranges '. s&ea"s '. ma"e '. side '. chance '. co%nts '. more '. savage
. came . convinces . finely . %ndergo . meas%res . arises . lend . line . fate . vol%mes . s%ch . o%tside
68 A LAC# OF COMMUNICATION
Eecent research has (1) _______ that a third of &eo&le in 3ritain have not met their (2) _______ neighbo%rs, and those who "now each other ($) _______ s&ea". Neighbo%rs Neighbo%rs gossi&ing gossi&ing over garden fences and in the street was a common () _______ _______ in the 1*6s, says r 'arl 'hinn, an e&ert on local comm%nities. comm%nities. Now, however, longer ho%rs s&ent wor"ing at the office, together with the #nternet and satellite television, are eroding neighbo%rhood (*) _______. G?oor neighbo%r/ hoods once had strong "inshi&, b%t now &ros&erity b%ys &rivacy,H said 'hinn. ?rofessor ?rofessor Fohn =oc"e, a social scientist at 'ambridge 'ambridge Cniversity, Cniversity, has analysed a large (-) _______ of s%rveys. e fo%nd that in 7merica and 3ritain the () _______ _______ of time s&ent in social activity is decreasing. decreasing. 7. 7. third of &eo&le said they never s&o"e to their neighbo%rs at (0) _______. 7ndrew ayer, 2*, a strategy cons%ltant, cons%ltant, rents a large a&artment in west =ondon, with two flatmates, who wor" in e/commerce. GWe have a family of teachers %&stairs and lawyers below, b%t o%r only on ly cont contac actt come comess via via lett letter erss () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ to the the comm comm%n %nal al faci facili liti ties es or com&laints that we:ve not &%t o%t o%r bin bags &ro&erly,H said ayer. The (16) _______ of comm%nities can have serio%s effects. 'oncerned at the rise in b%rglaries and (11) _______ of vandalism, the &olice have rela%nched crime &revention schemes s%ch as Neighbo%rhood Watch, (12) _______ on &eo&le
who live in the same area to (1$) _______ an eye on each others: ho%ses and re&ort anything they see which is %n%s%al. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. ehibited 7. side on 7. ro%ghly 7. o%tloo" 7. laces 7. n%mber 7. deal 7. all 7. concerning 7. brea"down 7. shows 7. as"ing. 7. &%t
3. revealed 3. close %& 3. barely 3. view 3. @oints 3. amo%nt 3. meas%re 3. once 3. regarding 3. brea"thro%gh 3. acts 3. trying 3. "ee&
'. dis&layed '. net door '. nearly '. sight '. strings '. deal '. n%mber '. least '. relating '. brea"o%t '. co%nts '. inviting '. hold
. cond%cted . nearside . virt%ally . vision . ties . meas%re . amo%nt . most . a&&lying . brea"away . wor"s . calling . give
69 ON TOP OF THE WORL
#n ay 10, @%st two years after brea"ing his bac" in a &arach%ting accident whilst (1) _______ in the army, 3ear 9rylls became the yo%ngest 3riton to (2) _______ _______ the s%mmit of o%nt 4verest and ret%rn ($) _______. _______. e was @%st 2$ years old. 7s his bac" recovered and he regained his () _______ , 3ear decided to leave the army in order to &%rs%e his lifelong ambition to con>%er the highest (*) _______ _______ in the world. 7 friend of his was organisin organising g an e&edition to 4verest 4verest and 3ear as"ed to (-) _______. 7fter a year s&ent &reå for the climb and () _______ _______ s&onsorshi& s&onsorshi& money, he he and his com&anions com&anions moved o%t to the imalayas to (0) _______ %& the challenge. #n () _______, 3ear s&ent over 16 wee"s on the mo%ntain:s so%th/east face. This (16) _______ a whole wee" at 'am& Two sim&ly waiting for the right condi/ tions to ma"e his attem&t on the s%mmit. When he finally made it to the to&, he sat for 26 min%tes, @%st ga!ing in wonder at the (11) _______ before him. The hardest &art was still to come tho%gh. 4very year the n%mber of climbers "illed on 4verest increases, with most deaths occ%rring on the descent. #t is (12)
_______ _______ s%r&rising s%r&rising then, that 3ear sho%ld feel a (1$) _______ _______ sense of relief when he event%ally got bac" to base cam&. Three 3ritish climbers %nder 2* have tried to con>%er 4verest ; 3ear is the only one to s%rvive. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. serving 7. achieve 7. alive 7. &ower 7. crest 7. lin" 7. rising 7. &%t 7. total 7. contained 7. eyesight 7. strongly 7. great
3. obeying 3. reach 3. lively 3, force 3. crown 3. %nite 3. raising 3. rise 3. short 3. com&rised 3. view 3. e>%ally 3. large
'. ordering '. get '. living '. vigo%r '. &ea" '. attach '. arising '. face '. s%mmary '. incl%ded '. vision '. hardly '. wide
. assisting . attain . live . strength . ti& . @oin . aro%sing . ta"e . concl%sion . consisted . o%tloo" . rarely . f%ll
70 GARBOLOGY
To most &eo&le, landfill sites are (1) _______ holes in the gro%nd where waste (2) _______ is b%ried. To garbologists, however, they &rovide a val%able ($) _______ _______ of information information abo%t a &o&%lation:s &o&%lation:s activities in areas s%ch as food cons%m&tion cons%m&tion and waste dis&osal. dis&osal. 9arbology is a branch of ethnogra&hy, ethnogra&hy, a science which abandons traditional methods of () _______ mar"et research information, s%ch as >%estionnaires and foc%s gro%&s, in favo%r of (*) _______ observation of &eo&le and their their habits. habits. The world:s (-) _______ garbologist, ?rofessor William Eath@e, is also an ar/ chaeologist. 7rchaeologists st%dy &ast c%lt%res by eamining the () _______ of ob@ects and b%ildings, b%t the basic &rinci&les of archaeology can also be a&&lied to the discarded r%bbish of &resent/day. civili!ations in order to (0) _______ a bet/ ter %nderstanding of how &eo&le behave now. 7s fo%nder and director of the 9arbage ?ro@ect at the Cniversity of 7ri!ona, ?rofessor Eath@e has () _______ over $6 years of his life to the archaeological st%dy of modern ref%se. is wor" is of (16) _______ interest to commerce; com&anies need to %nder/
stand the lives of their cons%mers in order to create brands which will be of most (11) _______ to them. Eath@e:s (12) _______ can hel& them achieve this. #n addition, his analysis of the com&osition com&osition of landfill sites reveals a greater need not only to recycle more r%bbish, b%t also to (1$) _______ down on the amo%nt of r%bbish we &rod%ce in the first &lace. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. , 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. easily 7. selection 7. s&ring 7. holding 7. near 7. leading 7. rests 7. gain 7. conveyed 7. great 7. f%nction 7. o%tcomes 7. lower
3. directly 3. material 3. origin 3. obtaining 3. tight 3. heading 3. r%ins 3. learn 3. a&&ortioned 3. large 3. %se 3. im&lications 3. get
'. bl%ntly '. fabric '. fo%ntain '. meeting '. close '. charging '. relics '. ma"e '. devoted '. high '. serving '. findings '. bring
. sim&ly . &rod%ct . so%rce . com&rising . hard . fronting . remains . gather . s&ent . dee& . &%r&ose . derivations . c%t
71 UTCH CHILREN EN"OY THEIR FREEOM
G=et them be freeH is the (1) _______ r%le for child/rearing child/rearing in the Netherlands. No wonder %tch "ids have been (2) _______ 4%ro&e:s 4%ro&e:s most fort%nate fort%nate by a recent CN#'4+ s%rvey. +rom a tender age, their o&inions are ($) _______, their wishes res&ected, and there is no homewor" %ntil their last year in &re&aratory school. 5ome wo%ld () _______ that the tendency of %tch society to enco%rage infants to e&erience whatever they &lease has (*) _______ a whole generation into s&oilt, %ndisci&lined brats. 8thers say family members are remar"ably (-) _______ _______ with one another, another, feeling free to say anything, and that the way &arents () _______ with their children:s anieties means that the children are well/ ad@%sted, which is (0) _______ %& by the res%lts of the s%rvey. r 9errit 3ree%sma, head of develo&ment &sychology at the Cniversity of 9roningen says the s%rvey:s res%lts came as no () _______. G'hildren have al/ ways &layed a very im&ortant role in olland b%t there were (16) _______ within
families d%ring the 5ities, %s%ally over matters of disci&line and conformity. 7s a res%lt, the generation growing %& at that time have made s%re they (11) _______ on better with their "ids,H he added. owever, in several %tch &olice &recincts, s%ch liberalism is not viewed &osi/ tively. #n an attem&t to (12) _______ %nderage heavy drin"ing, &olice have ta"en to bringing home teenagers and threatening &arents with obligatory attendance at co%rse co%rsess on ecess ecessive ive alcoh alcohol ol &robl &roblems ems or hefty hefty fines fines %n %nles lesss they they "ee& "ee& their their children %nder (1$) _______ 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. iron 7. rated 7. regarded 7. critici!e 7. res%lted 7. ali"e 7. em&athi!e 7. shown 7. do%bt 7. conflicts 7. follow 7. eting%ish 7. r%le
3. golden 3. &%t 3. recogni!ed 3. arg%e 3. created 3. tr%e 3. %nderstand 3. held 3. difference 3. beliefs 3. get 3. s%&ervise 3. limits
'. solid '. com&ared '. val%ed '. defend '. bro%ght '. o&en '. analyse 9. made '. s%r&rise '. decisions '. carry '. tac"le '. restriction
. fied . assessed . meas%red . @%dge . t%rned . caref%l . handle . bac"ed . conse>%ence . contradictions . contin%e . dis&ose . control
72 RECHARGE YOUR BATTERIES
Wor"ing all year witho%t a holiday is li"e (1) _______ a car for 12 months witho%t changing the oil. Bo% might (2) _______ going, b%t yo% are &robably heading for a brea"down. olidays are an easy ($) _______ to recharge yo%r batteries and &re&are for the () _______ _______ challenge. 3%t a recent st%dy came %& with an interesting (*) _______ less than a third of 7mericans are &lanning to (-) _______ _______ a holiday this year. aybe those &eo&le who aren:t ta"ing a brea" wor" for firms that are not holiday/friendly. #t:s certainly () _______ considering holiday time when yo% go loo"ing for wor", even if it may not be at the (0) _______ _______ of yo%r list of items to as" abo%t. While While many @ob/see"ers may may feel very rel%ctant to () _______ holidays at interviews or d%ring salary negotiations,
some yo%nger wor"ers don:t (16) _______ to negotiate etra free time. #n fact, many of them negotiate additional wee"s of holiday for a slightly (11) _______ salary. Time off is very im&ortant to them. They have come to (12) _______ it, they:ll certainly ta"e it, and they don:t really (1$) _______ whether it offends their boss or not. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. driving 7. &ersevere 7. way 7. second 7. res&onse 7. go 7. worth 7. height 7. tal" 7. hesitate 7. less 7. ho&e 7. thin"
3. travelling 3. contin%e 3. method 3. near 3. finding 3. ma"e 3. good 3. first 3. mention 3. mind 3. fewer 3. e&ect 3. bother
'. riding '. "ee& '. &ossibility '. close '. conse>%ence '. ta"e '. %sef%l '. &ea" '. remar" '. wait '. lower '. co%nt '. fear
. going . carry . choice . net . information . get . fine . to& . comment . worry . minor . wait . care
73 LOST LUGGAGE
Bo% get off yo%r &lane and (1) _______ yo%r way to the 3aggage Eeclaim area, where yo% locate the caro%sel for yo%r flight and wait &atiently for yo%r l%ggage. 7fter >%ite some time s&ent waiting, there is no (2) _______ of yo%r bags and yo% begin to consider the &ossibility &ossibility that they may have gone ($) _______. _______. What What sho%ld yo% do< +irstly, don:t &anic. The most li"ely () _______ is that yo%r bags sim&ly didn:t ma"e it onto the flight, &erha&s beca%se they were mislaid at the de&art%re air&o air&ort, rt, or &erha& &erha&ss beca%s beca%see the aircra aircraft ft had alread already y (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ its weigh weightt allowance. #f they (-) _______ to a&&ear on the caro%sel, re&ort the loss before yo% leave the baggage hall and go thro%gh c%stoms. () _______ yo%r l%ggage sho%ld be no &roblem, &rovided yo%:ve yo%:ve "e&t (0) _______ of yo%r baggage chec"s / those little barcodes st%c" to the bac" of yo%r tic"ets at chec"/in. 9o to the handling agent:s des" and () _______ a ?ro&erty #rreg%larity Ee&ort
(?#E) form, which describes the chec"ed bag and its (16) _______. Then, as" the baggage/services baggage/services manager for a contact tele&hone n%mber and confirm that yo%r bags will be be forwarded to yo%r final (11) (11) _______. _______. ost bags (12) _______ %& within a day or two, b%t if yo%rs never show (and it may be wee"s before the airline acce&ts that they are &ermanently lost), yo% can claim (1$) _______ from the airline. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. go 7. sign 7. lost 7. eam&le 7. s%r&assed 7. lac" 7. Eetracing 7. hold 7. carry o%t 7. contents 7. destiny 7. come 7. ref%nd
3. get 3. indication 3. mis&laced 3. e&lanation 3. overta"en 3. fail 3. Eetaining 3. control 3. f%lfil 3. inside 3. destination 3. bring 3. re&aration
'. wal" '. notice '. absent '. clarification '. o%tdone '. avoid ' Eecovering '. &ro&erty '. com&lete '. filling '. termination '. t%rn '. amendment
. ma"e . mar" . missing . %nderstanding . eceeded . omit . Eeinstating . hand . reali!e . &ac"ing . termin%s . &%t . com&ensation
74 SLEEP
3y the time we (1) _______ _______ old age most of %s have (2) _______ twenty years slee&ing. Bet nobody "nows why we do it. ost scientists believe that by resting o%r bodies, we allow time for ($) _______ maintenance wor" to be done. 7ny 7ny () _______ _______ that there is can be &%t right more >%ic"ly if energy isn:t being %sed %& doing other things. 5lee& is controlled by certain chemicals. These b%ild %& d%ring the day, event%ally reaching (*) _______ that ca%se tiredness. We can control the effects of these chemicals to some etent. 'affeine hel&s to (-) _______ _______ %s awa"e while alcohol and some medicines ma"e %s slee&y. 3y %s %sin ing g elec electr trod odes es,, scie scient ntis ists ts are are able able to () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ what what go goes es on in &eo&le:s &eo&le:s heads while they slee&. They have (0) _______ that when we first dro& off everything slows down. The heart () _______ more slowly, and o%r breathing becomes shallow. 7fter 7fter abo%t ninety min%tes o%r eyes start to twitch, and we go
into what is (16) _______ E4Q slee&, which is a (11) _______ that we:ve started to dream. Bo% have dreams every night, even if yo% don:t remember them. There are many theories abo%t why we dream, none of them concl%sive. 7 lot of &eo&le say they have to have eight ho%rs: slee& every night while others seem to (12) _______ on a lot less. 8ne thing is (1$) _______ we all need some slee&. 9oing witho%t it can have some very strange effects. Q E4 R Ea&id 4ye ovement 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. arrive 7. &assed 7. essential 7. harm 7. &ea"s 7. stay 7. ehibit 7. seen 7. beats 7. "nown 7. cl%e 7. manage 7. fied
3. become 3. %sed 3. elementary 3. s%ffering 3. levels 3. maintain 3. st%dy 3. researched 3. hits 3. called 3. &roof 3. need 3. decided
'. reach '. occ%&ied '. needed '. damage '. &ositions '. ma"e '. wor" '. watched '. moves '. named '. sign '. get '. confident
. get . s&ent . main . h%rt . heights . "ee& . thin" . discovered . trembles . labelled . signal . deal . certain
75 THE NEW WAY TO BURN FAT
?eo&le who want to lose weight are being (1) _______ a startling new way to b%rn fat. Wo Wo%ld/be slimmers slimmers are floc"ing to a s&a in ong Dong that (2) _______ _______ to red%ce their waistlines by smearing them with 'hinese herbs, do%sing then with alcohol and then ($) _______ light to them, all for I0 a session. The s&a claims that the () _______ heat of the fire &enetrates dee& tiss%e, increasing circ%lation and hel&ing the body to absorb the herbal concoction which wor"s to detoify the body and (*) _______ down fat. #t boasts that the res%lts are (-) _______ _______ with c%stomers recording losses of %& to 1* centimetres of fat after the first session. Daren 'h%, owner of The =ife of =ife ealing 5&a in ong Dong:s b%sy 'a%sew 'a%seway ay 3ay dist distric rict, t, says says that that abo%t abo%t 16 166 6 c%stom c%stomers ers have have s%cce s%ccessf ssf%l %lly ly () ()
_______ _______ the treatment, and there have been no (0) _______. G7bo%t half the c%s/ c%s / tomers come here for the 7>%a/+ire treatment,H she said. G#t is () _______ safe Bo% are (16) _______ from the flame by wet towels. We have never had any com/ &laints or &roblems., &roblems., #n 7sia, &eo&le are more (11) (11) _______ to the idea of fire being a healing treatment. #t is only the Westerners esterners who are afraid of the fire. #f a c%stomer is really afraid we don:t go (12) _______.H _______.H s 'h% claims the fire treat/ treat / ment also boosts the imm%ne system, relieves stress, cleanses the s"in and (1$) _______ _______ m%sc%lar m%sc%lar &ains and stomach stomach &roblems. &roblems. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. &ro&osed 7. &redicts 7. ma"ing 7. soa"ing 7. bring 7. immediate 7. %nderc%t 7. cas%alties 7. strongly 7. &revented 7. familiar 7. ahead 7. disa&&ears
3. s%ggested 3. ass%res 3. setting 3. bitter 3. ta"e 3. early 3. %ndergone 3. damages 3. &erfectly 3. "e&t 3. acce&table 3. thro%gh 3. eases
'. offered '. considers '. holding '. forced '. brea" '. straight '. %nder%sed '. warnings '. fiercely '. &rotected '. &re&ared '. forward '. lightens
. advanced . &romises . giving . intense . wor" . r%shed . %nderta"en . ca%tions . dee&ly . sto&&ed . o&en . along . recovers
76 REAY MEAL CAPITA CAPI TAL L OF EUROPE
#n recent recent years, years, ready ready/m /made ade meals meals have have (1) (1) __ _____ _____ __ 3ritai 3ritain: n:ss eating eating (2) (2) _______. _______. 3ritons now s&end fo%r times as ($) _______ as the #talians on ready/ made meals and si times more than the 5&anish. emand for instant meals has increased across 4%ro&e as a () _______, b%t why has 3ritain become the (*) _______ _______ 4%ro&ean ca&ital of ready/made food, second only in the world to 7merica< 'onvenience is (-) _______ of the attraction. 7 recent s%rvey () _______ that &er cent of &%rchasers said they only bo%ght ready meals when they did not have time to coo". r 5%san Febb, head of n%trition at the edical Eesearch 'o%ncil, saidK G?eo&le in the CD wor" the (0) _______ ho%rs, we are very time/
&oor, and we don:t don:t have a strong strong c%lt%ral c%lt%ral history history of coo"ing. coo"ing. H The ready ready/m /made ade meal meal bo boom om also also reflec reflects ts chang changing ing socia sociall () () ___ _____ ____ __ in 3ritain. ore &eo&le live alone and so are less li"ely to be (16) _______ to coo". 7nd with families eating together less often, often, ready meals allow &eo&le to eat what they want when they want. F%lia ichna, of ar"s and 5&encer, says that ready meals also reflect changing (11) _______ in food. G3ritain:s m%ltic%lt%ralis m%ltic%lt%ralism m has bro%ght a (12) _______ _______ range of resta%rants resta%rants than other 4%ro&ean co%ntries, and ethnic c%isines, which &eo&le are often scared of coo"ing from scratch, are (1$) _______ _______ more &o&%lar. &o&%lar. 8ne >%arter of chilled meals are #ndian, and nearly one in five is 'hinese.H 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. transformed 7. ways 7. m%ch 7. concl%sion 7. %nclaimed 7. element 7. made 7. hardest 7. drifts 7. convinced 7. tastes 7. longer 7. very
3. ad@%sted 3. forms 3. same 3. whole 3. %nclassified 3. &iece 3. fo%nd 3. largest 3. flows 3. bothered 3. li"ings 3. dee&er 3. >%ite
'. transferred '. terms 9. e>%al '. s%m '. %ndis&%ted '. share '. &%t '. widest '. trends '. worried '. desires '. harder '. far
. amended . habits . more . total . %ndefeated . &art . gave . longest . movements . dist%rbed . wishes . wider . s%ch
77 COMIC RELIEF
'omic Eelief is a charitable organisation (1) _______ in =ondon. #t was set (2) _______ _______ by comedians in 10* in res&onse to the famine in 4thio&ia, and %ses comedy and la%ghter to ($) _______ serio%s messages across. 5ince then () _______ _______ two tho%sand celebrities have given their time and talent to 'omic Eelief, hel&ing to raise over I$66 million to date. 4very two years, 'omic Eelief organises a nationwide f%ndraising event (*) _______ _______ GEed Nose ayH. #t:s %s%ally on a +riday in arch. 8n Eed Nose ay everyone in the co%ntry is enco%raged to &%t on a red nose and do something silly
to raise money (-) _______ charity. #n an event that %nites the co%ntry, &eo&le from all wal"s of life do their bit for &oor and %nder/&rivileged &eo&le in the CD and 7frica. #n schools, %niforms are re&laced by fancy () _______; in offices across the nation, assistants (0) _______ over from their bosses for the day. 4very contrib%/ tion is im&ortant, whether it is standing in the street () _______ money from &assers/by, &assers/by, or ta"ing (16) _______ in a s&onsored s&onsored event li"e sitting in a batht%b f%ll of ba"ed beans for twenty/fo%r ho%rs, or not tal"ing for a(n) (11) _______ day. The event is televised in the evening, when the combination of comedy and hard/hitting doc%mentaries &ers%ades (12) _______ to ma"e donations on their credit cards / over the &hone or (1$) _______ the #nternet / to those less fort%nate than themselves. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. established 7. on 7. have 7. more 7. "nown 7. for 7. clothes 7. ma"e 7. gathering 7. &art 7. total 7. viewers 7. by
3. stationed 3. %& 3. do 3. &l%s 3. called 3. to 3. wear 3. ta"e 3. earning 3. &lace 3. all 3. s&ectators 3. across
'. constr%cted '. o%t '. ma"e '. over '. named '. towards '. dress '. do '. as"ing '. &artici&ation '. whole '. a%dience '. on
. based . off . get . additional . described . on . cost%me . get . collecting . involvement . f%ll . observers . thro%gh
78 NEAR-MISSES
Thee s" Th s"ie iess aro% aro%nd nd the the worl world: d:ss air& air&or orts ts are are beco becomi ming ng mo more re and and mo more re (1) (1) _______. _______. 8ne res%lt of this is that the n%mber of incidents of Gnear/missesH, Gnear/missesH, wher wheree two two airc aircra raft ft almo almost st cras crash h into into each each othe otherr, seem seemss to be (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___. _. inistry of Trans&ort officials are ($) _______ st%dying a re&ort of one near/miss at eathrow 7ir&ort, when a @%mbo @et flew so low over ho%ses that eye/witnesses
co%ld () _______ the terrified e&ressions on the &assengersH facesA The &ilot of the &lane which so (*) _______ crashed remained calm and so managed to (-) _______ what co%ld have been a disaster. 8ne of the &lane:s fo%r engines sto&&ed @%st after the @%mbo @et had ta"en off. 7ir traffic controllers re/ ceived an emergency call and then saw the @%mbo disa&&ear. 4veryone tho%ght a crash was inevitable. () _______ the &ilot had &%t the three wor"ing engines on (0) _______ s&eed in order to get high eno%gh to dro& most of the &lane:s () _______ load of f%el. This (16) _______ him to reach a safer height. %e to other incoming flights, however, it was a f%rther thirty min%tes before the &ilot received (11) _______ to land. 7ltho%gh this sort of incident is becoming more and more (12) _______ it still remains a (1$) _______ that it is safer to fly than to cross the road. 3%t for how m%ch longer will this remain tr%e< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. crowded 7. s&reading 7. momentarily 7. see 7. almost 7. avoid 7. #ndeed 7. total 7. weighty 7. let 7. allowance 7. normal 7. &roof
3. f%ll 3. raising 3. act%ally 3. watch 3. abo%t 3. &ass 3. Eeally 3. f%ll 3. strong 3. enabled 3. &ermit 3. common 3. evidence
'. &ac"ed '. develo&ing '. c%rrently '. notice '. nearly '. miss '. efinitely '. to& '. heavy '. managed '. a&&roval '. ordinary '. fact
. filled . increasing . nowadays . realise . closely . esca&e . 7ct%ally . com&lete . hard . made . &ermission . general . tr%th
79 PIC# YOUR OWN
ave yo% ever &assed an 4nglish farm (1) _______ _______ the sign, G?ic" yo%r ownH, and wondered what it meant< Tessa 5imon became intrig%ed after seeing s%ch a sign o%tside a local farm five years ago, and went to (2) _______. 5he was delighted to discover that members of the &%blic were ($) _______ to go and &ic" fr%it and vegetables from the fields for themselves and &ay accordingly.
Tessa () _______ her first visit d%ring the month of F%ne when her favo%rite fr%it, the strawberry, was in season. 5he (*) _______ the h%ndreds of other &eo&le, incl%ding incl%ding small children with their &arents, in (-) _______ _______ of the ri&est, @%iciest strawberries. #n her enth%siasm, she >%ic"ly &ic"ed () _______ _______ than she co%ld carry, s%cceeding in filling five carrier bagsA (0) _______ she went to get the bags weighed in the farm sho&, she was charged less than any s%&ermar"et wo%ld charge. Nowadays, Tessa is () _______ s"illed at &ic"ing her own fr%it and vegetables. 5he has the &ea" seasons for each fr%it and vegetable (16) _______ on her calendar. 5he then heads for farm with her containers and some snac"s to (11) (11) _______ _______ her energy energy %&, and she always gets an early start to ens%re she doesn:t doesn:t (12) _______ %& to an em&ty fieldA #t is &ossible to b%y freshly &ic"ed goods from the farm sho&, b%t Tessa en@oys the satisfaction of (1$) _______ o%t the &rod%cts herself before ta"ing them home to ma"e some lovely home/coo"ed dishes. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. showing 7. eamine 7. received 7. made 7. connected 7. loo" 7. more 7. While 7. very 7. stained 7. maintain 7. arrive 7. selecting
3. &resenting 3. st%dy 3. acce&ted 3. constr%cted 3. %nited 3. search 3. m%ch 3. 7ltho%gh 3. m%ch 3. &rinted 3. "ee& 3. travel 3. &ic"ing
'. dis&laying '. ins&ect '. &ermitted '. formed '. @oined '. h%nt '. lot '. 7s '. lot '. ehibited '. %&hold '. lead '. choosing
. demonstrating . investigate . let . com&leted . attached . chase . many . When . too . mar"ed . s%stain . t%rn . deciding
80 UBAI+ THE CITY OF GOL
5it%ated on the coast of the ?ersian 9%lf, %bai is one of the seven co%ntries that today ma"e %& the Cnited 7rab 4mirates. The ca&ital, also named %bai, was (1) _______ at the beginning of the 1th cent%ry, and, beca%se of its (2) _______ locati location on,, it ra&id ra&idly ly became became &o &o&%l &%lar ar with with forei foreign gn trades tradesmen men,, many many of whom whom
event%ally ($) _______ in the city. Today, %bai is a modern, thriving city attracting an increasing () _______ of to%rists. #f yo% come here in the s%mmer, however, be warned. The tem&erat%re can (*) _______ a maim%m of over degrees 'elsi%s, so remember to drin" (-) _______ _______ of water. water. %bai 'ity is where everyone will want to start their sightseeing. sightseeing. 9o e&loring and, who "nows, yo% might find something %ne&ected @%st () _______ the corner. corner. 8f co%rse, yo% can visit one of the modern sho&&ing sho&&ing malls, b%t for a com/ &letely different different (0) _______ go to a so%" / a traditional mar"et that yo% can find in many &arts of %bai, selling clothes, @ewellery, food and sc%l&t%res. 8ne thing yo% will be e&ected to do is to () _______ with the sho&"ee&er before agreeing on a &rice. #t is not @%st abo%t (16) _______ a bargain, it is &art of the c%lt%re. There is no do%bt that %bai is an eciting &lace. #t has been said that it is the fastest growing city in the world, with a(n) (11) _______ 066 &eo&le setting %& home here every dayA 5ome of the more remar"able develo&ments (12) _______ the G&alm G&alm &enins &enins%la %lasH sH being being const constr%c r%cted ted @%st @%st off off the the coast coast and the the &lann &lanned ed %nderwater hotel. #t really is a f%t%ristic city that will (1$) _______ yo%r breath away. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. invented 7. ma@or 7. mat%red 7. total 7. achieve 7. eno%gh 7. across 7. e&erience 7. contract 7. stri"ing 7. eval%ated 7. incl%de 7. gras&
3. fo%nded 3. first 3. settled 3. amo%nt 3. ma"e 3. lot 3. behind 3. occ%rrence 3. bic"er 3, dealing 3. estimated 3. contain 3. ta"e
'. devised '. &rime '. develo&ed '. n%mber '. realise '. &lenty '. below '. event 9. >%arrel '. selling '. co%nted '. enclose '. snatch 81
SWAMP SWAMP MAN M AN
. discovered . s%&er . established . s%m . reach . s%fficient . aro%nd . incident . haggle . trading . meas%re . s%rro%nd . &%ll
aniel oo&er was (1) _______ into a res&ectable, middle/class family in 3er" 3er"sh shir ire. e. Who wo%l wo%ld d have have tho% tho%gh ghtt that that this this well well/h /hee eele led d chil child d wo%l wo%ld d (2) (2) _______ _______ as 3ritain:s 3ritain:s most im&ortant environmental environmental activist
7. born 7. become 7. national 7. ma"ing 7. dee& 7. got in 7. @%dged 7. firm 7. instead 7. concl%sion 7. =astly 7. li"ely 7. com&lete
3. raised 3. emerge 3. &%blic 3. &rod%ction 3. wide 3. ste&&ed bac" 3. decided 3. set 3. otherwise 3. fact 3. 4vent%ally 3. firmly 3. f%ll 82
'. reared '. a&&ear '. social '. com&osition '. strong '. held bac" '. assessed '. fied '. anyway '. res%lt '. 7lready '. definitely '. thoro%gh
. develo&ed . occ%r . general . constr%ction . high . stood %& . concl%ded . determined . li"ewise . &rod%ct . 5ometime . sec%rely . whole
CYBER CRIME
There are a lot of (1) _______ names for itK #nternet crime, cyber crime, e/ crime and hi/tech crime, b%t it all (2) _______ to the same, thing / crimes comm commit itte ted d on onli line ne.. #nte #ntern rnet et crim crimee is a seri serio% o%ss &rob &roble lem m whic which h has has seve severe re conse>%ences in ($) _______ h%man and economic terms and worryingly it is on the () _______. Tragically, in recent years, the n%mber of &eo&le charged with #nternet child indecency offences has reached record (*) _______. Not only that, according to the 7ssociation for ?ayment 'learing 5ervices, in 266, card fra%d over the #nternet cost the CD I11m. +%rthermore, the (-) _______ on CD b%siness d%ring the same &eriod incl%ded vir%s attac"s costing I20.0 million, as well as financial fra%d costing I121 million. 5o, yo% may () _______ as", what is being done abo%t it< Well, Well, the good news is that every &olice force in the CD now has its own com / &%ter crime %nit. 'rime/s&ecific 'rime/s&ecific initiatives initiatives have also been introd%ced to (0) _______ _______ &artic%lar crimes. +or eam&le, there is now a 'entre for 'hild ?rotection on the #nternet which not only () _______ investigations b%t also &rovide s%&&ort s%&&ort for victims victims and information information for &arents. What is more, more, it also acts as a (16) _______ of re&orting any incidents where children have been targeted online. #n terms of #nternet fra%d, vir%ses and hac"ing, there have been (11) _______ _______ efforts to ed%cate cons%mers and b%sinesses b%sinesses on how to &rotect themselves. +inally, it is now illegal for firms in the CD to send %nsolicited messages, also (12) _______ _______ as @%n" email or s&am, to &ersonal email acco%nts or to hide the identity of the sender. sender. o&ef%lly, o&ef%lly, these &ositive actions as well as a(n) (1$) _______ awareness of the dangers will hel& to s%ccessf%lly defeat, cyber crime. 1. 2. $. . *. -.
7. vario%s 7. adds 7. two 7. advance 7. degrees 7. im&act
3. %n%s%al 3. amo%nts 3. either 3. increase 3. amo%nts 3. im&ression
'. assorted '. totals '. neither '. %&t%rn '. levels '. contact
. different . s%ms , both . to& . stages . infl%ence
. 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. best 7. combat 7. wor"s 7. means 7. ac%te 7. famo%s 7. risen
3. good 3. attac" 3. does 3. mode 3. intensive 3. name 3. raised
'. better '. hit '. cond%cts '. method '. etreme '. called '. increased
. well . battle . carries . manner . severe . "nown . elevated
83 TURN TRASH INTO TREASURE T, ./
The amo%nts of ho%sehold waste &rod%ced ann%ally are on the (1) _______. 7s a res%lt, (2) _______ of s%ch large amo%nts is ra&idly becoming a serio%s ($) _______ _______ we have to address. H &&& , / ..:
8%r recycling for art &rogramme &rogramme GT%rning trash into treas%resH is () _______ one way of tac"ling this &roblem. This is a great way of (*) _______ original wor"s of art s%ch as mosaics and collages, which are not e&ensive to ma"e. ?ro@ects may vary from area to area, b%t everyone is eligible to (-) _______. W, %
Eecycling has many advantages, s%ch as () _______ down on landfill s&ace and limiting environmental (0) _______. This leads to a red%ction both in energy %se and in &oll%tion () _______, b%t it can also enco%rage &eo&le to be creative. ?a&er, maga!ines maga!ines and bro"en &ottery and glass can all be recycled. 8%r main (16) _______ _______ in recycling materials li"e these is that they can be (11) (11) _______ _______ into eciting new creations. FURTHER INFORMATION
8%r website will "ee& yo% (12) _______ of the &rogress of o%r new and eciting (1$) _______. 1. 2, $. .
7. lift 7. dis&osing 7. disagreement 7. immediately
3. increase 3. discarding 3. tro%ble 3. c%rrently
'. raise '. distrib%ting '. &roblem '. instantly
. m%lti&ly . d%m&ing . dis&%te . directly
*. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. renovating 7. share 7. c%tting 7. loss 7. layers 7. aim 7. transmitted 7. comm%nicated 7. affair
3. erecting 3. assist 3. bearing 3. s%ffering 3. grades 3. co%rse 3. transformed 3. ac>%ainted 3. s&ec%lation
'. fiing '. &artici&ate '. holding '. in@%ry '. levels '. attem&t '. translated '. instr%cted '. vent%re
. &rod%cing . enter . bac"ing . damage . stages . direction . trans&orted . informed . offer
84 TATTOO OR NOT
Tattoos are not a recent invention. 'ent%ries ago, rich &eo&le were really "een to have (1) _______. Then the cra!e for this "ind of body (2) _______ died o%t. Nowadays, tattoos ($) _______ become trendy again. avid 3ec"ham and Fennifer 7niston are @%st two of the celebrities () _______ have them. #f yo% are (*) _______ of getting a tattoo, here is some advice. +irst, (-) _______ s%re that yo% are old eno%gh. #n some co%ntries yo% have to be () _______ least eighteen years old to get a tattoo. The net thing yo% (0) _______ do is loo" for a re&%table tattoo artist. a"e s%re () _______ in his room is clean and sterile, incl%ding the needles and other e>%i&ment. Bo% co%ld get a serio%s s"in (16) _______ if the needles are dirty. Then sto& and thin". The tattoo artist will in@ect in" dee& into yo%r yo %r s" s"in in.. #t may feel feel etr etrem emel ely y (11 (11) __ ____ ____ ___ _ or if yo yo%: %:re re l%c" l%c"y y, @%st @%st %ncomfortable. Tattoos are &ermanent (12) _______ yo% can:t change yo%r mind after it:s done. 3e s%re yo% won:t (1$) _______ %& regretting the decision. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. them 7. ornament 7. have 7. whom 7. considering 7. ta"e 7. at 7. o%ght 7. nobody 7. infection 7. h%rtf%l
3. that 3. @ewellery 3. is 3. which 3. thin"ing 3. do 3. in 3. wo%ld 3. everything 3. illness 3. tearf%l
'. this '. decoration '. will '. that '. meaning '. ma"e '. on '. won:t '. everyone '. in@ection '. &ainf%l
. it . &iercing . had . who . wanting . stay . by . sho%ld . something . wo%nd . harmf%l
12. 1$.
7. altho%gh 7. "ee&
3. so 3. come
'. beca%se '. give
. as . end
85 BOY ART
3ody art isn:t new. The (1) _______ 4gy&tians %sed blac" "ohl to highlight their eyes. Today we em&loy fa"e tans, hair dyes and ma"e/%&. #t seems that decorating o%r bodies (2) _______ %s feel better abo%t o%rselves. #t gets %s noticed, tooA Tattoos and body &iercing are more controversial, ($) _______ they:ve been aro%n aro%nd d for for ages. ages. 7rcha 7rchaeol eolog ogist istss have have fo%n fo%nd d bo body dy ornam ornament entss in #nca #nca b% b%ria riall gro%nds in 5o%th 7merica, () _______ tattoos were fo%nd on the bodies of 4gy&/ tian m%mmiesA 3ody &iercing is considered cool and trendy at (*) _______. 3%t &eo&le with tong%e and nose &iercings can loo" aggressive, (-) _______ often worries older &eo&le, es&ecially &arents, teachers and em&loyersA em&loyersA Bo%r &arents: views () _______, _______, as yo% need their &ermission &ermission to get holes &%t in yo%. (0) _______ _______ they:re ha&&y with the idea, it:s advisable to chec" with teachers or em&loyers as well. Bo% need them on yo%r side if yo% want to st%dy and to get a @obA 3%t is it worth all this tro%ble< an Wilson doesn:t thin" so. When he had his tong%e &ierced, it too" si whole months to () _______A G# co%ldn:t eat (16) _______ _______ ece&t r%nny food for the first wee", so # was starving h%ngry,H h%ngry,H he e/ e / &lains. GThen # got an infection in my tong%e. #t was so (11) (11) _______A _______A #f #:d "nown abo%t the ris"s, #:d never have gone ahead with it allAH aving a &iercing is at best %ncomfortable, %ncomfortable, at worst &%re agonyA What:s more, more, yo%:re st%c" with it for (12) _______. Bo% don:t want to end %& (1$) _______ what yo% did when yo% were yo%nger. #f yo% have any do%bts, don:t do itA 1. 2. $. .
7. old 7. ma"es 7. given 7. also
3. &rimitive 3. allows 3. however 3. while
'. elderly '. &ermits '. beca%se '. since
. ancient . enables . altho%gh . f%rthermore
*. -. 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. last 7. this 7. mind 7. 7ss%ming 7. mend 7. anything 7. h%rtf%l 7. living 7. de&loring
3. once 3. which 3. signify 3. e&ending 3. c%re 3. nothing 3. &ainf%l 3. alive 3. %&setting
'. least '. that '. matter '. Cnless '. heal '. none '. in@%rio%s '. life '. grieving
. &resent . who . weigh . 7cce&ting . restore . something . harmf%l . live . regretting
86 OCS ONLINE
4very day millions (1) _______ &eo&le sit at home and (2) _______ their com/ &%ters. 7t some &oint, most of them will ($) _______ online. 5ome &eo&le () _______ _______ the internet for s&ecific s&ecific information. information. 8thers (*) _______ _______ news&a&er news&a&er arti/ arti / cles or reci&es for meals. any access the internet in (-) _______ to chat to friends / or ma"e new ones. Teenagers %sed to () _______ on mobile &hones to contact &eo&le. Not any moreA Now they go to online (0) _______ li"e 3ebo, y5&ace and +ace boo". 8n 3ebo, for eam&le, () _______ can %&load m%sic, videos and &hotos onto their &ersonal &ersonal web &ages, &ress a b%tton, and send them to their friends. +ace boo" &rovides free 16) _______ so yo% can write yo%r own m%sic. 3%t it:s not @%st h%mans (11) _______ have their own websites. ogs who want to (12) _______ to each other online thro%gh their owners can log on to ogster. %ndreds of dogs have (1$) _______ their &ict%res and diaries &osted there alreadyA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.. 16 11.
7. on 7. &l%g in 7. go 7. loo" 7. record 7. ho&e 7. ring 7. s&aces 7. %sers 7. hardwa hardware re 7. which
3. in 3. set %& 3. do 3. see 3. download 3. effort 3. rely 3. areas 3. ma"ers 3. soft softwar waree 3. they
'. of '. t%rn off '. come '. search '. o&en '. case '. calls '. screens '. liners '. ironw ironware are '. who
. and . switch on . &%t . view . enter . order . %tilise . sites . doers . glass glasswar waree . that
12. 1$.
7. chat 7. been
3. disc%ss 3. had
'. s&ea" '. made
. debate . sent
87 BRANING
'om&anies started branding &rod%cts (1) _______ in the 1066s. There were very (2) _______ laws to reg%late man%fact%ring in those days so there were &lenty of dangero%s &rod%cts ($) _______ sale, incl%ding incl%ding fa"e medicinesA medicinesA Ee&%table com&anies () _______ started branding their own goods to show they were safe and of good >%ality. #n order to (*) _______ these brands s%ccessf%lly, the com&anies t%rned to advertising. They discovered that good advertising can infl%ence sales in (-) _______ big way. 8f co%rse commercial advertising is big b%siness () _____ . 7nd it is everywhereA (0) _______ _______ on the T, T, or go to the movi mo vies, es, and yo% yo%:l :lll see ads for for nearly nearly every everyth thing ing.. 5ome 5ometim times es yo yo% % do don: n:tt even even realise a &rod%ct is () _______ advertised. #n the movie inority Ee&ort, the character &layed by Tom Tom 'r%ise owns a &hone on (16) _______ _______ the No"ia logo is clearly dis&layed, (11) _______ his watch is engraved with the 3%lgari logo, so yo% have no do%bt abo%t the ma"e. 5imilarly, in the 3ond film 'asino Eoyale, the vehi vehicl cles es Fame Famess 3ond 3ond driv drives es and and the the gadg gadget etss he %s %ses es have have clea clearr bran brand d (12) (12) _______. _______. idden advertising advertising (1$) ________ __________ __ this is very effective. effective. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. long 7. a few 7. in 7. so 7. show 7. a 7. &resently 7. 5witch 7. having 7. that 7. ece&t 7. names 7. same
3. far 3. a lot 3. on 3. however 3. com&ete 3. the 3. nowadays 3. =og 3. being 3. whom 3, b%t 3. signs 3. li"e
'. bac" '. lots '. at '. altho%gh '. mar"et '. this '. recently '. ?%sh '. getting ', which ', also '. titles '. as
. way . few , by . therefore . a&&eal . some . lately . ?ress . ma"ing . where . and . signat%res . ali"e
88 ANYBOY CAN BE ON MYSPACE&COM
8ne of the easiest and best (1) _______ to ma"e a global networ" of friends is to create yo%r own web&age on y5&ace.com. #n little more than a co%&le of years, y5&ace.com has (2) _______ from nothing to being a website which no self/res&ecting teenager can ($) _______. y5&ace is a () _______ to/%se site that enables anyone to have their own home&age for free, (*) _______ their li"es, disli"es, favo%rite bands, to& boo"s, best movies and general interests, interests, and hoo" %& with other li"e/minded li"e/minded &eo&le. on:t worry (-) _______ yo% "now nothing abo%t com&%ters, as yo% can get yo%r web&age b%ilt by someone elseA o yo% want to have yo%r favo%rite songs fea/ t%red on the site< Then there are other s%&&ort websites that will do this for yo%. They () _______ all "inds of things s%ch as girl or boy layo%ts, cartoons and animated gra&hics. 5o, yo% can have yo%r &rofile set %& by &rofessional designers, b%t all for free. illions of (0) _______ _______ have had their web&ages designed by %sing these s%&&ort sites. These other sites () _______ their money from adver/ tising. The great thing abo%t y5&ace is that it is a safe way of staying in (16) _______ _______ and ma"ing friends witho%t giving (11) (11) _______ any &ersonal information, s%ch as yo%r email address. Bo% sho%ld never (12) _______ o%t yo%r address or &hone n%mber when yo% are comm%nicating online. Bo% can also arrange to get yo%r web&age (1$) _______ so yo% don:t have yo%r ideas co&iedA 5o, if yo% want to ma"e friends, get yo%r web&age made nowA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. ways 7. enlarged 7. ignore 7. clear 7. writing 7. whether 7. advance 7. dealers 7. do 7. connection 7. away
3. co%rses 3. &romoted 3. leave 3. sim&le 3. filing 3. as 3. offer 3. o&erators 3. have 3. to%ch 3. in
'. &aths '. gained '. notice '. &lain '. listing '. tho%gh '. &resent '. &layers '. ma"e '. lin" '. off
. trac"s . gone . &ass . straight . enrolling . if . show . %sers . form . %nion . over
12. 1$.
7. stand 7. &reserved
3. bring 3. covered
'. let '. &rotected
. give , defended
89 LI!E EARTH
Eecently, organisers (1) _______ on a h%ge concert called =ive 4arth. They wanted to ma"e everyone more aware of the dangers of (2) _______ change. The event consisted of ($) _______ series of concerts staged in seven continents aro%nd the world. The concerts needed to be environmentally/friendly, so the organi!ers %sed biof%els to &ower the lights () _______ %sed recycled car tyres to ma"e the stage. They (*) _______ &rovided recycling containers for &eo&le to d%m& their em&ty drin"s cans in. 8ver 166 m%sicians and celebrities too" &art in the (-) _______ shows. They %rged fans to ta"e action against global () _______ by demanding more renewable energy, energy, and by hel&ing to (0) _______ _______ the rainforests. They e&lained that the 4arth is %nder () _______ b%t stressed that it:s not too late to change things as long (16) _______ we all act now. Together we can (11) _______ a big difference. 5%&erstar adonna closed the =ondon show and gave a great (12) _______ . G=et:s ho&e the concerts that are ha&&ening aro%nd the world are not @%st abo%t entertainment, b%t abo%t starting a revol%tion,H she told the (1$) _______, who cheered and a&&la%ded in their tho%sands. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. gave 7. weather 7. few 7. b%t 7. th%s 7. live 7. heating 7. conserve 7. &roblem 7. as 7. do 7. act 7. contestants
3. went 3. climate 3. some 3. altho%gh 3. also 3. living 3. b%rning 3. aid 3. diffic%lty 3. if 3. bring 3. &erformance 3. onloo"ers
'. &layed '. &lanet '. the '. and '. conse>%ently '. life '. warming '. resc%e '. threat '. so '. ma"e '. contest '. &artici&ants
. &%t . . tem&erat%re . a . beca%se . therefore . alive . changing . reserve . danger . when . ca%se . a&&earance . a%dience
90 SHOUL SHE GI!E HIM A SECON CHANCE%
=a%ren has a boyfriend called ?a%l. 3%t last wee" she (1) _______ o%t she wasn:t the only girl in his lifeA 7 friend told her she:d seen ?a%l going (2) _______ _______ a cinema with another girl, when he sho%ld sho%ld have been at home st%dying. st%dying. =ater, the friend had ($) _______ across ?a%l and the same girl eating together in a &i!!a &arlo%r. When =a%ren as"ed ?a%l abo%t it, he tried to () _______ it. Then he claimed he:d only invited the girl o%t for (*) _______ dare. e said =a%ren needn:t have worried (-) _______ he didn:t really li"e the other girl at all. e () _______ _______ and &romised he:d never never see her again. =a%ren (0) _______ _______ really really %&set. 5he and ?a%l had a terrible row b%t in the end they () _______ %&. =a%ren:s friends believe she:s (16) _______; a big mista"e. They thin" she o%ght never to have forgiven him. aving let her (11) _______ once, they say, he co%ld do it again. 3esides, he co%ld have been dating the other girl for wee"s, (12) _______ anyone "nowing. 5ho%ld =a%ren give ?a%l another chance< 8r sho%ld she find someone new (1$) _______ will treat her better< What do yo% thin"< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12. 1$.
7. fo%nd 7. o%t 7. got 7. deny 7. the 7. altho%gh 7. blamed 7. had 7. had 7. had 7. %& 7. witho%t 7. whose
3. made 3. into 3. met 3. ref%se 3. that 3. beca%se 3. regretted 3. was 3. did 3. made 3. thro%gh 3. besides 3. while
'. discovered '. ro%nd '. come '. ignore '. this '. while '. admitted '. has '. made '. done '. %nder '. before '. who
. wor"ed . in . seen . discredit . a . however . a&ologised . is . s&o"e . committed . down . instead . which
91 STUY FASHION ESIGN;
o yo% have a &assion for fashion< 7re yo% (1) _______ with design< 8%r fashion designer co%rse has been s&ecially created for yo%. We offer fantastic (2)
_______ _______ for design set in the heart of the city and a large ($) _______ of o%r &ast st%dents now wor" for to& fashion ho%ses. 8%r co%rse offers a %ni>%e () _______ to e>%i& yo% with ail the "nowledge and s"ills that any b%dding fashion designer needs. #t has been created by e&erts (*) _______ have real e&erience in the world of fashion. Bo% can (-) _______ for the co%rse three times a year. We have a sim&le () _______ &rocess where we as" yo% to show %s some of yo%r designs. 8ver three years yo% will st%dy vario%s s%b@ects s%ch as design theory and the history of fashion, b%t we will also give yo% &lenty of &ractice in creating yo%r own designs. 4very term we will (0) _______ yo% and give yo% feedbac" on how yo% have done. Bo%r final () _______ is based on a s&ecial &ro@ect which we as" yo% to com&lete and (16) _______ in d%ring yo%r final term. 4ach year we also &resent a(n) (11) (11) _______ _______ to the st%dent who we feel has (12) _______ the greatest &rogress. +%rthermore, when yo% (1$) _______ we will hel& yo% find a @ob. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. ta"en 7. s%&&lies 7. n%mber 7. list 7. which 7. enter 7. choice 7. estimate 7. grade 7. &%t 7. award 7. done 7. grad%ate
3. controlled 3. facilities 3. deal 3. s%b@ect 3. who 3. sign 3. &ic"ing 3. rate 3. level 3. ta"e 3. tro&hy 3. made 3. &ass
'. obsessed '. &laces '. &art '. o%tline '. where '. record '. selection '. @%dge '. standard '. hand '. gift '. got '. com&lete
. ca%ght . &%r&oses . vol%me . syllab%s . whose . register . sorting . assess . &osition . get . order . had . certify
92 A GAP YEAR
8ver (1) _______ decades, it has become trendy for (2) _______ who are between school school and %niversity %niversity to ta"e a year ($) _______ _______ from from st%dying. st%dying. 5ome go on long long train train () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ ro%n ro%nd d 4%ro& 4%ro&e. e. 8thers 8thers go f%rth f%rther er,, bac"& bac"&ac" ac"in ing g or hitchhi"ing to co%ntries (*) _______ Thailand or #ndia. 'hea& travel isn:t always
comfortable or convenient. The "ind of hostels bac"&ac"ers have to stay at aren:t always (-) _______ and it may be necessary to () _______ for s&iders and scor&i scor&ion onss befor beforee %sing %sing the bathr bathroom oomAA 3%t the the trave travelle llers rs get to visit visit fantas fantastic tic &laces, meet interesting &eo&le &eo&le and (0) _______ _______ enormo%s enormo%s f%n. 8f co%rse, co%rse, school/ school/ leavers who have a conscience want to give bac" to the co%ntries they visit, () _______ _______ is why today:s bac"&ac"ers often ta"e &art in a vol%nteer &ro@ect along the way. +or a fee, travel com&anies will arrange (16) _______ st%dents to wor" on a t%rtle conservation &ro@ect, for eam&le, or to teach 4nglish in &oor villages. owever, some e&erts see all this as a (11) _______ of time. They say the only &eo&le who really really (12) _______ _______ are the travel travel com&anies. 'learly 'learly anyone ta"ing ta"ing a ga& year needs to thin" abo%t these matters very caref%lly before they (1$) _______ _______ off. off. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. late 7. "ids 7. away 7. travels 7. of 7. ideal 7. ins&ect 7. have 7. that 7. for 7. loss 7. achieve 7. &%t
3. recent 3. yo%ths 3. o%t 3. ec%rsions 3. as 3. idealistic 3. eamine 3. do 3. it 3. how 3. waste 3. &rofit 3. set
'. near '. teenagers '. off '. @o%rneys '. s%ch '. ama!ing '. chec" '. find '. this '. that '. r%in '. gain '. go
. lately . yo%ngsters . far . to%rs . li"e . terrific . scr%tini!e . ma"e . which . if . mis%se . benefit . leave
93 I HATE SHOPPING;
=ast wee"end a friend of mine invited me to go sho&&ing with him. # hate sho&&ing, sho&&ing, b%t # needed to get a &resent for my m%m, so he offered to hel& me and a nd &ers%aded me that we wo%ld have a (1) _______. _______. We We went into a big (2) _______ _______ store, which was having a s&ecial ($) _______, so # was ho&ing to &ic" %& a () _______ _______ y friend fo%nd fo%nd this great T/s T/shirt hirt for my m%m m%m / it was the only one they had (*) _______A # wasn:t s%re if it was the right si!e. 5o, as #:m the same si!e as
her, # decided to (-) _______ it on and went along to the () _______ rooms. # no/ ticed this strange woman following me as # came o%t and (0) _______ she was ho&ing to get the T/shirt T/shirt if # didn:t want it. # contin%ed browsing () _______ the store and fo%nd a co%&le of small things # needed. Then # went to the (16) _______ _______ to &ay b%t my friend was tal"ing to me, so # forgot # had the T/shirt T/shirt (11) (11) _______ _______ in my bag. bag. 7s 7s # left the the sho&, the the strange woman woman (12) _______ to me and insisted that # had stolen the T/shirt. 5he vSas the store detective, not a c%stomerA # a&ologised a&ologised for forgetting to &ay for it b%t the sit%ation was very embarrass e mbarrassing ing and convinced me that sho&&ing is (1$) _______ awf%lA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. la%gh 7. combined 7. &romotion 7. ded%ction 7. etra 7. &%ll 7. clothing 7. conceived 7. aro%nd 7. service 7. cr%shed 7. came %& 7. greatly
3. &lay 3. chain 3. mar"eting 3. deal 3. behind 3. "ee& 3. fitting 3. considered 3. into 3. rece&tion 3. st%ffed 3. followed on 3. honestly
'. f%n '. associate '. trading '. giveaway '. left '. ta"e '. dressing '. ass%med '. among '. co%nter '. &ac"ed '. r%shed ro%nd '. very
. diversion . lin" . &%blicity . bargain . over . try . trying . acce&ted . over . drawer . &%shed . ran on . tr%ly
94 ESIGNER FA#ES
ave yo% ever bo%ght something by one of yo%r favo%rite fashion designers from a mar"et or street (1) _______< 7 &air of iesel @eans< 7 ilfiger ilfiger handbag< The (2) _______ Ni"e trainers< 3eware / beca%se many of the fashion items sold on streets are fa"es. This "ind of selling is ($) _______ and, if yo% b%y these fa"es, yo% can be () _______. #f yo% are fo%nd (*) _______ then don:t e&ect to be (-) _______ off / the fashion com&anies always &rosec%te. The fashion ind%stry is really trying to sto& these co&ies being sold. They are worried that the fa"es are starting to ma"e their () _______ loo" chea& any of the big com&anies "now that the (0) _______ of
their &rod%cts is that they are () _______ and the fa"e mar"et is s&oiling this. ?eo&le see the designer (16) _______ and don:t care if it is an original or not. They are ha&&y to get a stat%s (11) _______ on the chea&. 3%t beware before yo% show (12) _______ yo%r new @eans to yo%r friends. The fa"es may loo" good, b%t they can fall a&art after a short time. 7nd they may end %& being more e&ensive than the originals if yo% have to &ay a (1$) _______ for b%ying fa"e goodsA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. s%&&lier 7. recent 7. lawless 7. ta"en 7. wrong 7. let 7. stam&s 7. a&&eal 7. com&lete 7. label 7. fig%re 7. %& 7. fine
3. agent 3. latest 3. wic"ed 3. arrested 3. criminal 3. made 3. signs 3. attention 3. choice 3. to"en 3. symbol 3. ro%nd 3. recei&t
'. re&resentative '. late '. o%tlawed '. tra&&ed '. g%ilty '. called '. brands '. notice '. ecl%sive '. badge '. logo '. thro%gh '. charge
. trader . fresh . illegal . ca&t%red . charged . allowed . mar"s . interest . absol%te . stic"er . image . off . bill
95 TEEN SPENING
7 large/scale (1) _______ has been done by advertisers on the s&ending (2) _______ _______ of today:s today:s teenagers. #t has ($) _______ with some fascinating fascinating res%lts. 9irl 9irlss acro across ss 4% 4%ro ro&e &e rang rangin ing g in age age from from 1* to 10 were were inte interv rvie iewe wed. d. Th Thee researchers () _______ that these girls want to be s%ccessf%l and so&histicated and are willing to s&end to (*) _______ the loo" they want / when they have the money, that isA +eeling confident is the most im&ortant factor when it (-) _______ to b%ying clothes. 7nother interesting () _______ of information coming o%t of the st%dy is that 9erman teenagers (0) _______ clothes that are &ractical and comfortable, while 3ritish and +rench teenagers are more () _______ abo%t a&&earance, al/ tho%gh they all agreed that the clothes sho%ld (16) _______ them &ro&erly. 7ll the girls who were interviewed (11) _______ for clothes reg%larly, half of
them b%ying something from a de&artment store or a large clothes sho& at least once a month. They also see it as a (12) _______ activity and going ro%nd the sho&s with their friends is the main way they learn what the (1$) _______ trends are. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. research 7. habits 7. t%rned o%t 7. created 7. reach 7. goes 7. &iece 7. ma"e %& 7. "een 7. fit 7. b%y 7. friendly 7. last
3. st%dy 3. actions 3. gone down 3. discovered 3. s%cceed 3. ma"es 3. lot 3. wear o%t 3. interested 3. match 3. sho& 3. team 3. latest
'. >%estion '. c%stoms '. come %& '. invented '. manage '. comes '. amo%nt '. ta"e bac" '. concerned '. wear '. &%rchase '. lin"ed '. %ltimate
. search . methods . bro%ght o%t . &ortrayed . achieve . brings . %nit . go for . foc%sed . dress . &ay . social . soonest
96 THE EARTH FROM THE AIR
7ro% 7ro%nd nd ten ten mill millio ion n &eo& &eo&le le worl worldw dwid idee have have been been to see see Bann 7rth% rth%s/ s/ 3ertrand:s ehibition of aerial &hotos (1) _______ The 4arth from the 7ir. The ehibition feat%res shots ta"en in over 166 different co%ntries and never fails to ma"e a (2) _______ im&ression on those who come to see it. ($) _______ &art of the fascination &robably comes from the fact that 3ertrand is () _______ on record things that the &%blic co%ld not otherwise see, this alone cannot e&lain why &eo&le are so (*) _______ affected by the &hotogra&hs themselves. The ehibition (-) _______ &eo&le feeling enriched, with a more &ositive o%tloo" on life, and many ret%rn with their friends. #t:s almost as if the ehibition was comm%nicating something of the s&irit%al and ed%cational () _______ of travel itself. 3ertrand was living in Denya, st%dying lions, when he began ta"ing the &ho/ togra&hs. G#t:s hard to get a clear idea of that sort of territory from the gro%nd,H he e&lains, so when a friend offered to ta"e him %& in her &lane, he (0) _______.
G5%ddenly # co%ld really see the bea%ty of the landsca&e in a new way,H he () _______. _______. G# was ca&tivated.H ca&tivated.H 5ince that day, 3ertrand has been ta"ing aerial &hotogra&hs on a world/wide (16) _______. +or some shots he (11) _______ with a s&ecific &lace in mind, b%t aro%nd 06 of the destinations were fo%nd by (12) _______. What:s more, he never (1$) _______ of searching for new &laces, always believing that he:ll s&ot something tomorrow that will be even more im&ressive than what he has see today. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. called 7. &ersisting 7. 7ltho%gh 7. giving 7. widely 7. ma"es 7. val%e 7. com&lied 7. re&lies 7. scale 7. comes %& 7. l%c" 7. eha%sts
3. "nown 3. "ee&ing 3. 5ince 3. holding 3. dee&ly 3. sends 3. &rofit 3. a&&roved 3. recalls 3. s&read 3. gets on 3. chance 3. wea"ens
'. labelled '. lasting '. 8nce '. catching '. largely '. leaves '. gain '. consented '. re&eats '. degree '. sets o%t '. fate '. bores
. termed . remaining . 3eca%se . &%tting . wholly . lets . credit . acce&ted . retains . etent . does away . fort%ne . tires
97 THE EBAY PHENOMENON
=oca =o cate ted d in an eleg elegan antt 10 10th th/c /cen ent% t%ry ry b% b%il ildi ding ng in =o =ond ndon on is the the nerv nervee (1) (1) _______ _______ of one of the world:s world:s most &rolific &rolific com&anies. #t (2) _______ _______ by the name e3ay. Not only has the com&any gone from #nternet hobby site to &otent economic force, with * million %sers in @%st ten years, it is ($) _______ _______ regarded as having altered the () _______ of commercial life as we "now it. #f yo% want to b%y anything, from a nail file to an airliner, e3ay is the #nternet site to go to. 7 million items a&&ear for sale each day in what is (*) _______ an online a%ction. #f yo% li"e the descri&tion of an item, yo% ma"e a bid within a given time limit; if yo% (-) _______ to be the highest bidder, yo% become the () _______ _______ owner of the goods in >%estion. >%estion. 3%t the most asto%nding asto%nding factor behind
e3ay is not the range and val%e of the goods on (0) _______, b%t the fact that the whole b%siness is based on m%t%al tr%st. Earely do yo% find &eo&le so willing to b%y %nseen %nseen goods from an %n"nown %n"nown so%rce. so%rce. ?art of the e&lanation for this () _______ in the fact that * of e3ay b%yers and sellers are &rivate individ%als. individ%als. The com&any has e&anded thro%gh (16) _______ recommendations rather than smart mar"eting, and there:s a real (11) _______ of comm%nity abo%t it. What:s more, %sing e3ay (12) _______ to that instinctive sense of satisfaction &eo&le get from the &rocess of bargaining P and from act%ally getting a bargain at the end of it. (1$) _______, it &%ts the f%n bac" into sho&&ing. sho&&ing. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. middle 7. goes 7. largely 7. ro%te 7. &recisely 7. chec" in 7. boastf%l 7. offer 7. finds 7. word of mo%th 7. feel 7. entices 7. 8therwise
3. heart 3. calls 3. dee&ly 3. co%rse 3. eactly 3. t%rn o%t 3. conceited 3. s%&&ly 3. draws 3. man to man 3. sense 3. attracts 3. #n short
'. foc%s '. "nows '. greatly '. flow '. absol%tely '. show %& '. &ro%d '. >%estion '. lies '. tell tale '. to%ch '. a&&eals '. #nstead
. centre . greets . widely . trend . effectively . send off . vain . iss%e . comes . matter of fact . mood . tem&ts . es&ite that
98 THE WORL)S MOST TAL#ATI!E BIR
N:"isi is the name of a grey &arrot, bred in ca&tivity, ca&tivity, which (1) _______ _______ to the artist 7imee organa. 4very day, 7imee s&ea"s to her &arrot, e&laining what she does in sim&le sentences and enco%raging him to develo& what she (2) _______ as a s&ontaneo%s and creative relationshi& with lang%age. 5o s%ccessf%l has she been that N:"isi N:"isi is now now the world:s world:s most tal"ed/abo%t tal"ed/abo%t tal"ing tal"ing bird. bird. ?arrots and &eo&le have been ($) _______ com&anions for cent%ries, and eve/ rybody "nows that &arrots can be ta%ght to tal". 7s 7imee e&lains, however, &arrots can do more than @%st () _______ bac" what is said to them. N:"isi says
what he wants, when he wants and, (*) _______ most animals trained to &erform h%man/li"e tas"s, he receives no form of reward in ret%rn for his %tterances. N:"isi:s N:"isi:s vocab%lary vocab%lary (-) _______ _______ to/ aro%nd *6 words which he %ses in () _______ _______ and with &ast, &resent and f%t%re verb tenses. What is (0) _______ _______ im&ressi im&ressive, ve, however however,, is that N:"isi N:"isi doesn:t doesn:t s&ea" randomly randomly,, b%t act%ally act%ally () _______ _______ on what:s going on aro%nd aro%nd him, even inventing original e&ressions, e&ressions, for eam&le calling 7imee:s 7imee:s aromathera&y oils G&retty smell medicineH. e also (16) _______ _______ eciting events, li"e his first ride ride in a car, and &esters 7imee 7imee to ta"e him o%t again li"e a &ersistent toddlerK GWanna go in a car right nowAH The life (11) _______ of a &arrot is ro%ghly e>%ivalent to that of a h%man be/ ing. 5i/year/old N:"isi is (12) _______ @%st beginning his ed%cation, and 7imee has (1$) _______ ho&es that his comm%nicative abilities will contin%e to increase as he mat%res. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. retains 7. ill%strates 7. close 7. res&ond 7. dissimilar 7. climbs 7. reference 7. im&ortantly 7. comments 7. reminds 7. forecast 7. therefore 7. wide
3. &ossesses 3. em&hasises 3. near 3. re&ly 3. %nli"e 3. totals 3. contet 3. largely 3. disc%sses 3. recalls 3. ass%m&tion 3. otherwise 3. dee&
'. belongs '. demonstrates '. tight '. re&eat '. different '. ma"es '. bac"gro%nd '. chiefly '. observes '. reminisces '. e&ectancy '. nonetheless '. high
. shelters . describes . firm . re&licate . %nrelated . r%ns . sit%ation . &artic%larly . mentions . reviews . antici&ation . instead . strong
99 LEARNING AT A ISTANCE
The idea of distance learning has been in (1) _______ for a long time. #n recent years, d%e to the ra&id (2) _______ in com&%ter technology, an etremely ada&t/ able method of st%dy has evolved aro%nd this idea. istance learning is becoming increasingly &o&%lar with st%dents, and the ($) _______ of today:s %niversity &o&%lation &o&%lation is changing changing as a res%lt. res%lt. +or st%dents whose chosen chosen %niversity %niversity is beyond
daily travelling distance, st%dying online %sing what is "nown as e/learning is an attractive () _______ beca%se it enables them to com&lete a degree witho%t the e&ense of &aying for accommodation in the (*) _______ of their &lace of st%dy. 5imilarly, &arents at home bringing %& yo%ng children can ta"e advantage of this fleible method of st%dy beca%se web/based s%&&ort materials can (-) _______ with any individ%al time sched%le. #nitially, as e/learning () _______ in &o&%larity, there was a certain amo%nt of (0) _______ amongst %niversity t%tors, who feared that st%dents st%dying in the isolation of their own home might be () _______ of daily contact with their fellow st%dents, something they regarded as an im&ortant as&ect of a %niversity ed%cation. #t soon became (16) _______ , however, that e/learning can act%ally im&rove comm%nication, thro%gh the creation of so/called Gdisc%ssion boardsH, where where the st%d st%dent entss s%bm s%bmit it their their >%est >%estion ionss on onlin line, e, ma"in ma"ing g them them readi readily ly (11) (11) _______ _______ to all. This system enco%rages a lively echange of o&inions o&inions between st%dents, and it also means that the t%tor:s res&onse to each >%ery is immediately availa available ble to a wide wide (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___. _. Nevert Neverthel heless ess,, it is recog recogni nised sed that that h% h%ma man n s%&&ort is still a "ey factor in the learning e&erience, and on most distance/ learning co%rses, st%dents are (1$) _______ with face/to/face contact at some &oint. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. act%ally 7. alterations 7. &ro&ortion 7. favo%rite 7. whereabo%ts 7. fit in 7. emerged 7. concern 7. ded%cted 7. distinct 7. allowable 7. a%dience 7. offered
3. contin%ity 3. movements 3. com&osition 3. selection 3. sit%ation 3. &%t in 3. grew 3. tro%ble 3. de&rived 3. cons&ic%o%s 3. a&&licable 3. assembly 3. &rovided 100
'. eistence. '. o&enings '. arrangement '. &reference '. vicinity '. stay in '. lea&t '. worry '. denied '. evident '. achievable '. rece&tion '. delivered
. d%ration . advances . alignment . o&tion . &recincts . go in . enlarged . attention . deleted . straightforward . accessible . following . &ermitted
THE TRUTH BEHIN A SMILE
?eo&le smile a (1) _______ deal, and we seem to "now instinctively that some smiles are more gen%ine than others. 3%t is there any scientific (2) _______ for this< Eecent research s%ggests that a mechanism in the brain can hel& %s ($) _______ _______ whether a smile is really heartfelt / or whether it is @%st being () _______ _______ on for show. show. (*) _______ to vario%s long/held traditions, a gen%ine smile involves the eyes as well as the mo%th. #n the nineteenth cent%ry, a +rench anatomist (-) _______ to &rove this. e %sed electrodes to stim%late the facial m%scles of vol%nteers, vol%nteers, () _______ _______ creating false false smiles. e fo%nd that that real smiles were always (0) (0) _______ _______ with the contraction of a m%scle aro%nd the eye, b%t that his artificially ind%ced ones were not. %ring more recent research, vol%nteers were shown a variety of h%man facial () _______ and their reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a ha&&y face, $* of the vol%nteers immediately started loo"ing at the eye area, chec chec"i "ing ng for for tell tell/t /tal alee crin crin"l "les es that that wo%l wo%ld d (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ that that the the sm smil ilee was was gen%ine; b%t when shown a sad or ne%tral face, they did not. 5o why did the h%man brain evolve to (11) _______ between real and false smiles< #t co%ld be that this ability to (12) _______ a >%ic" assessment of a smile has an im&ortant role to &lay in s%ccessf%l comm%nication. 7 gen%ine smile (1$) _______ as a gest%re of conciliation in conflict, and it:s im&ortant to "now whether we are really being offered a tr%ce or not. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. great 7. sign 7. recognise 7. bro%ght 7 ?roviding 7. got down 7. des&ite 7. accom&anied 7. ehibitions 7. ass%re 7. disting%ish
3. big 3. fact 3. acce&t 3. &%t 3. 'onsidering 3 carried o%t 3. thereby 3. mied $. resemblances 3. confirm 3. tell
'. large '. root '. admit '. created '. 7ccording '. went off '. however '. @oined '. e&ressions '. @%stify '. decide
. h%ge . basis . recollect . st%c" . Eelating . set o%t . nonetheless . associated . a&&earances . a&&rove . rec"on
12. 1$.
7. hold 7. aim
3. earn 3. &ortrays
'. do '. serves
. ma"e . a&&lies
101 TEENAGE AIRLINE BOSS
artin alstead is a yo%ng entre&rene%r, (1) _______ "nown for having man/ aged to la%nch his own airline at the age of eighteen. artin had started his first b%siness (2) _______, ma"ing flight sim%lators sim%lators for %se in &ilot training, while he was still a fifteen/year/old schoolboy, and at seventeen he left school to ($) _______ _______ as a &ilot. #t was whilst on the co%rse that artin realised that () _______ _______ of @%st being a &ilot, he:d li"e to r%n an airline b%siness, b%siness, and so he (*) _______ _______ %& with the idea for 7l&ha 7l&ha 8ne 7irways. 7irways. artin (-) _______ &lanned &lanned to fly fly betwee between n 8fo 8ford rd and 'ambri 'ambridg dge, e, and there there was consi consider derabl ablee &% &%bl blic ic () _______ _______ in the idea. 3%t when a big investor (0) _______ _______ o%t at the last min%te, artin was left with no () _______ b%t to thin" again. 3%t he was not to be (16) _______. _______. #n November 266*, he rela%nched the com&any, com&any, this time &lanning flights from the #sle of an to 4dinb%rgh. 7 first flight de&arted on November th, carrying invited g%ests and media in an aircraft artin had leased from another com&any. (11) _______ the airline s%s&ended o&erations in Fan%ary 266-, 7l&ha 8ne 7irways had carried some forty fare/&aying &assengers on the ro%te, and artin had (12) _______ his dream. #t was &erha&s his naivety and yo%th that allowed him to ignore the &roblems and barriers that someone older may have seen as a bric" wall (1$) _______ in the way of achievement. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. widest 7. vent%re 7. st%dy 7. &reference 7. tho%ght 7. initially 7. attraction 7. held 7. way 7. &%t off
3. greatest 3. tas" 3. learn 3. alternative 3. came 3. largely 3. attention 3. &%lled 3. chance 3. ca%ght o%t
'. most '. endeavo%r '. &re&are '. instead '. hit '. &rimarily '. s%&&ort '. chec"ed '. o&tion '. sent bac"
. best . affair . train . rather . dreamt . &rinci&ally . interest . called . co%rse . t%rned down
11. 12. 1$.
7. owever 7. reached 7. bloc"ing
3. es&ite 3. f%lfilled 3. sto&&ing
'. 7ltho%gh '. obtained '. standing
. Nonetheless . com&leted . im&eding
102 HOW TO CONCENTRAT CONCENT RATE E
'oncentration is good in eams, bad in orange @%ice. 'oncentration ha&&ens when yo% (1) _______ to foc%s on one thing to the (2) _______ of all others, and concentrating on that one thing ($) _______ yo% to sto& worrying abo%t a lot of other things. 5ometimes, of co%rse, yo%r mind concentrates when yo% don:t want it to. aybe yo% can:t get something o%t of yo%r head, s%ch as a &roblem yo% have to () _______ %& to, or an embarrassing sit%ation yo%:ve been in. That:s why collecting things as a hobby is &o&%lar; it (*) _______ yo%r mind off other things. #ndeed, some &eo&le seem to &refer loo"ing after and catalog%ing their collections to act%ally doing anything with them, beca%se this is when the (-) _______, _______, single/minded single/minded concentration concentration ha&&ens. ha&&ens. The nat%ral s&an for concentration is * min%tes. That:s why half an ho%r for a television &rogramme seems too short () _______ an ho%r seems too long. 3%t many &eo&le:s lives are (0) _______ of concentration. odern c%lt%re is served %& in small, () _______ _______ digestible ch%n"s that re>%ire only a short (16) _______ s&an / altho%gh yo%ng &eo&le can concentrate on com&%ter games for days at a (11) _______. 5tic"ing o%t the tong%e can aid concentration. This is beca%se yo% can:t (12) _______ _______ yo%rself with tal"ing at the same time and other &eo&le won:t (1$) _______ _______ to interr%&t interr%&t yo%r yo%r tho%ghts, tho%ghts, beca%se beca%se yo% loo" li"e an idiotA idiotA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. manage 7. removal 7. lets 7. face 7. brings 7. absorbing 7. otherwise 7. absent
3. achieve 3. ecl%sion 3. means 3. confront 3. &%ts 3. gri&&ing 3. th%s 3. devoid
'. s%cceed '. omission '. ma"es '. tac"le '. ta"es '. arresting '. whereby '. lac"ing
. accom&lish . re@ection . allows . meet . holds . enthralling . whilst . deficient
. 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. gently 7. a&&lication 7. length 7. sideste& 7. ris"
3. &lainly 3. attention 3. stro"e 3. distract 3. chance
'. easily '. consideration '. se>%ence '. sidetrac" '. dare
. s%rely . contem&lation . time . dist%rb . brave
103 AN UNUSUALLY SUCCESSFUL LESSON
7 school in 5cotland has (1) _______ %& with an %n%s%al way to im&rove its &%&ils: health health and well/being, (2) _______ _______ at the same time hel&ing them to be/ come better learners. The si/year/old children have started doing a ty&e of mas/ sage that was develo&ed in 5weden. #n the classes, each child chooses a &artner and ta"es it in ($) _______ to receive a massage of their bac", nec" and sho%lders. Not only do the children () _______ _______ the activity f%n, b%t this "ind of massage also (*) _______ m%scle tension. To (-) _______ interest to the activity, the teachers have lin"ed it to a story abo%t a small boy who wants to &lay in the snow, b%t first first m%st &%t on his glasses / the () _______ of the glasses is traced on the children:s sho%lders. Then he hel&s his m%m with the ba"ing / this involves "neading the sho%lders, and finally he goes o%t for a wal" and has to (0) _______ the snow off his coat on his ret%rn. The story is told slowly, each movement being re&eated three times. When the massage classes started, the children %sed to chatter and () _______ abo%t, b%t now they are >%iet, their faces &ict%res of (16) _______ concentration. 7nd the activity (11) _______ _______ them in other ways too; they are noticeably calmer and more (12) _______ of each other in the &laygro%nd as well as being more re/ laed and (1$) _______ to learn in the classroom. 1. 2. $. . *. -. .
7. ca%ght 7. instead 7. t%rns 7. &erceive 7. s%&&orts 7. earn 7. sha&e
3. made 3. otherwise 3. rota 3. find 3. comforts 3. add 3. form
'. come '. whereas '. order '. regard '. relieves '. gain '. &rofile
. met . whilst . se>%ences . discover . softens . increase . fig%re
0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. d%st 7. mess 7. stressf%l 7. &romotes 7. friendly 7. enth%siastic
3. mo& 3. @o"e 3. heavy 3. enhances 3. hel&f%l 3. "een
'. swee& '. la%gh '. strong '. benefits '. co/o&erative '. o&timistic
. br%sh . "id . intense . favo%rs . tolerant . fond
104 BRA!E NURSE SA!ES PENSIONER FROM FIRE
7 n%rse n%rse who saved a man from a (1) _______ _______ ho%se while on her (2) _______ _______ to wor" has been awarded a medal for bravery. 5heila conald ($) _______ clo%ds of blac" smo"e () _______ from the roof of a ho%se in anchester. 5he went to investigate and >%ic"ly (*) _______ that the ho%se was (-) _______ fire. 5he "noc"ed on the front door b%t there was no re&ly. Then she wal"ed aro%nd the ho%se loo"ing in all of the windows. When she () _______ into the living/ room room wind window ow,, sh shee saw saw disa disabl bled ed &ens &ensio ione nerr 9rah 9raham am/5 /5%m %mme mers rs asle aslee& e& in an armchair. 5he ta&&ed on the window b%t co%ldn:t (0) _______ him %& 5o she smashed her way () _______ the window, (16) _______ r 5%mmers into his wheelchair and &%shed him to safety thro%gh the (11) _______ blac" smo"e. 7t the award ceremony r 5%mmers was (12) _______ of &raise for s conald, b%t she said, G# don:t really (1$) _______ it an act of bravery / # @%st did what anyone wo%ld have done.H 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. b%rnt 7. ro%te 7. disting%ished 7 r%nning 7. "new 7. in 7. ga!ed 7. wa"e 7. into 7. lifted 7. great 7. f%ll 7. view
3. b%rning 3. &assage 3. noticed 3. flowing 3. recognised 3. %nder 3. stared 3. get 3. thro%gh 3. raised 3. thic" 3. &ac"ed 3. hold
'. fiery '. way '. remar"ed '. &o%ring '. identified '. on '. s&ied '. raise '. via '. set '. big '. st%ffed '. see
. ignited . &ath . detected . tric"ling . realised . to . &eered . bring . by . too" . dee& . filled . consider
105 THE LATE+ LATE FLIGHT TO LONON
?assengers travelling on a flight from Washington to =ondon were in (1) _______ _______ a very long wait. They had (2) _______ been waiting eight %ncomfortable ho%rs for ta"eoff, only to be ($) _______ that the flight was () _______ _______ even f%rther. f%rther. The cabin crew advised &assengers &assengers to ta"e &illows and blan"ets from the overhead loc"ers in (*) _______ to slee& inside the air&ort termi terminal nal.. any any &assen &assenger gerss (-) (-) __ ____ _____ ___ their their tem&er tem&erss and figh fights ts bro"e bro"e () () _______ _______ . ?eo&le sho%ted and (0) _______ _______ information. information. 7 member of the staff &anic"ed and called air&ort sec%rity g%ards. g%ards. 7 () _______ _______ l%c"y &assengers &assengers were &%t on alternative flights, flights, (16) _______ _______ abo%t 166 others s&ent s&ent the net day in the air&ort. any &eo&le missed connecting flights and (11) _______ be delayed for several days. +irst/class &assengers were (12) _______ fort%nate. They were &%t (1$) _______ in l%%ry hotels and &rovided with food and drin". 8ther &assengers had to be content with vo%chers for a meal, as the airline staff were not able to find hotels with (1) _______ free rooms to accommodate them. 8ne woman carried a silver horseshoe for (1*) _______. 7s she said, G#t didn:t wor" this timeAH 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. with 7. still 7. told 7. late 7. order 7. mislaid 7. %& 7. as"ed 7. few 7. even 7. sho%ld 7. still 7. o%t 7. m%ch 7. fort%ne
3. at 3. however 3, said 3. delayed 3. case 3. lost 3. off 3. a&&lied 3. n%mber 3. altho%gh 3. co%ld 3. many 3. off 3. a lot 3 l%c"
'. on '. already '. mentioned '. retarded '. time '. missed ', down '. demanded '. co%&le '. in s&ite '. wo%ld '. m%ch '. %& '. too '. chance
. for . yet . anno%nced . behind . t%rn . wasted . o%t . too" . little . des&ite . had . more . abo%t . eno%gh . &robability
106 THE BAT
The bat may seem, an ordinary creat%re, b%t in fact it is an ama!ing animal. The bat has wings and is the only mammal (1) _______ of tr%e flight. There are many (2) _______ s&ecies of bat; in 3ritain ($) _______ there are fo%rteen ty&es of bat, which range in si!e from a few inches to () _______ feet in wings&an. 3ats are noct%rnal animals (*) _______ become active only at d%s". any s&e/ cies (-) _______ on a GradarH system to find their way aro%nd. The bat emits s>%ea"s and then meas%res the echoes to GseeH how far away any () _______. The (0) _______ of bats s%rvive on a diet of insects while others eat fr%it. There are two s&ecies which eat fish and there are () _______ some bats which eat meatA 5ome vam&ire bats ta"e blood (16) _______ their slee&ing victims. These bats may (11) _______ the deadly disease rabies. 3ats are sociable creat%res and (12) _______ large colonies. ost bats hiber/ nate (1$) _______ the winter months. any &eo&le are (1) _______ of bats witho%t ever having seen one. ?erha&s if we learn (1*) _______ abo%t these wonderf%l creat%res, we will no longer fear them. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. ca&able 7. differing 7. all 7. vario%s 7. whose 7. &%t 7. hindrance 7. ma@ority 7. too 7. o%t 7. carry 7. connect 7. at 7. afraid 7. many
3. able 3. contrasting 3. alone 3. few 3. who 3. rely 3. barrier 3. &o&%lation 3. even 3. off 3. gras& 3. form 3. whole 3. fearless 3. little
'. &ossible '. different '. lonely '. little '. which '. stand '. obstacle '. amo%nt '. ever '. of '. hold '. str%ct%re '. among '. scan '. more 107
. &robable . conflicting . lonesome . several . they . confide . bloc"age . n%mber . so . from . send . relate . thro%gho%t . frightf%l . some
STARTING STARTING A BUSINESS BUSINE SS
E%nning yo%r own b%siness can &rovide high @ob satisfaction / the satisfaction of being in (1) _______ of yo%r own life and ma"ing yo%r own (2) _______ abo%t how things sho%ld be done. #f yo% are ambitio%s, yo% may want to achieve ($) _______ on a large scale and event%ally to become rich. 8r it may be () _______ for yo% sim&ly to en@oy wor" more and to achieve a modest increase (*) _______ living standards at the same time. #t:s im&ortant to ta"e into (-) _______ the less desirable as&ects of the @ob as () _______ +or instance, if &roblems (0) _______, it will be %& to yo% to sort them them () () __ ____ ____ ___. _. Bo%:ll %:ll &rob &robab ably ly have have to wor" wor" hard harder er and and long longer er ho ho%r %rss es&ecially in the (16) _______ stages. Bo%:ll &robably see less of yo%r family and friends too. 7nd, of co%rse, yo% won:t en@oy the sec%rity of a (11) _______ &ay &ac"et. #f yo% see all this as a challenge (12) _______ _______ than a disadvantage, yo% have at (1$) _______ _______ one of the >%alities needed for s%ccess. 8ther >%alities >%alities (1) _______ _______ the ability to wor" on one:s own, a ref%sal to (1*) _______ %&, and a willingness to ta"e on res&onsibility. o yo% have what it ta"es< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. / 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. charge 7. alterations 7. co%rage 7. eno%gh 7. at 7. acco%nt 7. m%ch 7. rise 7. %& 7. initiation 7. &ermanent 7. otherwise 7. last 7. com&ose 7. give
3. d%ty 3. decisions 3. &ower 3. many 3. on 3. mind 3. also 3. arise 3. in 3. starting 3. s>%are 3 instead 3. most 3. incl%de 3. wor"
'. head ' ideas '. sec%rity '. too '. in '. tho%ght '. well '. raise '. thro%gh ' early '. %s%al '. rather '. once '. consist '. t%rn
. &osition . &ro&osals . s%ccess . lot . for . contem&lation . too . ha&&en . o%t . beginning . reg%lar . other . least . contain . draw
108 PETER THE GREAT
?eter the 9reat was E%ssia:s fo%rth Eomanov T!ar and at - feet inches, &robably the tallest. e e also had an enormo%s enormo%s (1) _______ _______ for for food and drin". drin". 7n/ 7n/ other GgreatH (2) _______ of his &ersonality was his ($) _______ which was fear/ fear / some. 3%t it was his thirst for "nowledge combined with his () _______ of a new E%ssia that made him a great leader. #n #n 1-, motivated by his desire to brea" (*) _______ _______ from the constrictions constrictions of old E%ssian c%stoms, ?eter travelled aro%nd 4%ro&e learning val%able military and ind%strial (-) _______. When he ret%rned to E%ssia, ?eter was () _______ to throw off the remnants of the &ast. e dramatically (0) _______ the &owers of the E%ssian aristocracy and abolished age/old () _______. #n order to (16) _______ his dream of a moderni!ed E%ssia, he (11) _______ %niversities, established the co%ntry:s first news&a&er and enco%raged the develo&ment of ind%stry. e also &%shed bac" the em&ire:s em&ire:s bo%ndaries by (12) _______ the armed forces. 3efore his death in 12*, ?eter had had a new ca&ital b%ilt and (1$) _______ it 5t ?etersb%rg. #t was (1) _______ _______ on the Western estern cities he most admired, li"e ?aris and =ondon, and (1*) __________ __________ the ca&ital %ntil %ntil the +irst World War War.. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. a&tit%de 7. as&ect 7. inclination 7. greed 7. %& 7. &rofessions 7. convinced 7. ecl%ded 7. traditions 7. ma"e 7. fo%nded 7. inflating 7. entitled 7. co&ied 7. remained
3. a&&etite 3. face 3. mood 3. ambition 3. in 3. st%dies 3. determined 3. eliminated 3. cost%mes 3. &re&are 3. began 3. s&reading 3. named 3. designed 3. "e&t
'. taste '. view '. tem&er '. @ealo%sy '. free '. designs '. interested '. red%ced '. means '. &rod%ce '. made '. e&anding '. labelled '. constr%cted '. settled
. a&&la%se . angle . dis&osition . vision . over . s"ills . %nwilling . shortened . heritage . f%lfil . fo%nd . growing . said . modelled . retained
109 BARBAOS
ave yo% ever been to 3arbados< =ife (1) _______ 3arbados is slow and &eacef%l. ?eo&le there seem to (2) _______ _______ all their time time eating and relaing. Bo Bo% ($) _______ ever see anyone doing any real wor". () _______ crowds of to%rists are attracted (*) _______ chea& &ac"age deals, the island, sit%ated (-) _______ the 'aribbean remains () _______. The tem&erat%re seldom falls (0) _______ 26U' and yo% are %nli"ely to meet friendlier &eo&le anywhere in the world. #n 3ridgetown, the ca&ital, yo% can sit on the balcony of a harbo%r/ front resta%rant () _______ fresh cocon%t coc"tails. and watch the boats (16) _______. #t:s also a great &lace to b%y @ewellery as not only is it bea%tif%lly made, b%t it is also ta/ free. +or the classiest hotels (11) _______ north to the ?latin%m 'oast, (12) _______ _______ after is white sandy beaches. The s%&erb 9litter 3ay otel is sit%ated in flower/filled gardens with (1$) _______ staff and delicio%s food. 7s the s%n (1) _______, _______, en@oy yo%r coc"tail and start fig%ring o%t how to (1*) _______ _______ the money to get bac" to 3arbados. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. by 7. &ass 7. hardly 7. 'ontrary 7. by 7. among 7. %ndist%rbed 7. below 7. swallowing 7. %n&ac"ing 7. head 7. called 7. caref%l 7. falls 7. ta"e
3. at 3. s&end 3. almost 3. 7ltho%gh 3. from 3. in 3. %nattached 3. %nder 3. eating 3. disembar"ing 3. face 3. termed 3, ca%tio%s 3. sets 3. gain
'. over '. attend '. nearly '. es&ite '. on '. between '. %ns&oilt '. down '. biting '. %nloading '. t%rn '. christened '. attentive '. @%m&s '. earn
110 110 BOY LANGUAGE
. or . follow . scarce . Nevertheless . at . on . %nto%ched . behind . si&&ing . delivering . charge . named . interested . dives . &ossess
=ang%age is commonly believed to be a system ofL comm%nication that con/ sists of so%nds and written symbols. owever, we can also comm%nicate (1) _______ _______ other ways by %sing o%r facial (2) _______, o%r tone of voice and even o%r ($) _______ _______ body. #n fact, in many sit%ations, sit%ations, non/verbal comm%nication can () _______ more acc%rately what a &erson is feeling. 3ody lang%age always s&ea"s the tr%th, (*) _______ words can often be (-) _______ . +or s%ccessf%l comm%nication both at the office and at home, an %nderstand/ ing of body lang%age is im&ortant. 7t wor", non/verbal comm%nication is () _______ _______ to &ower. &ower. ?eo&le (0) _______ charge tend to lean () _______ _______ in their chairs, fold their hands behind their heads and (16) _______ their feet %& on the des". They %s%ally (11) _______ conversations, both tal"ing and interr%&ting more than others. Those who (12) _______ orders, on the other hand, are m%ch less relaed and tend to sit on the (1$) _______ of their chairs with their arms tightly folded. 3ody lang%age &lays an e>%ally im&ortant role at home. 'hildren are &artic%/ larly >%ic" to &ic" (1) _______ on non/verbal signals and can disting%ish (1*) _______ _______ what is said said and what is really meant. meant. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. in 7. loo"s 7. f%ll 7. e&lain 7. ece&t 7. misleading 7. associated 7. in 7. away 7. lie 7. overwhelm 7. do 7. to& 7. o%t 7. between
3. for 3. sha&es 3. whole 3. anno%nce 3. so 3. ho&eless 3. related 3. on 3. behind 3. lay 3. dominate 3. give 3. limit 3. over 3. among
'. to '. e&ressions '. &artial '. &%blish '. whereas '. mistr%stf%l '. combined ', by '. bac" '. de&osit '. master '. lead '. edge '. at '. from 111 111
. by , as&ects . total . reveal . therefore . senseless . reserved . at . against . &%t . hold . follow . border . %& . that
TATTOOING< TATTOOING< AN ANCIENT TRAITION
Tattooing is an old art. #n ancient 9reece, &eo&le who had tattoos were (1) _______ _______ as members of the (2) _______ _______ classes. classes. 8n the other hand, hand, tattooing was ($) _______ in 4%ro&e by the early 'hristians, () _______ tho%ght that it was a sinf%l thing to (*) _______. #t was not (-) _______ the late 10th cent%ry, when 'a&tain 'oo" saw 5o%th 5ea #slanders decorating their bodies with tattoos, that attit%des began to () _______. _______. 5ailors came bac" from these islands with &ict%res of 'hrist on their bac"s and from then on, tattooing tattooing (0) _______ _______ in &o&%larity. &o&%larity. 7 s%rvey by the +rench army in 1001 () _______ that among the $0 men (16) _______ there were 1,$$$ designs. Nowadays, not (11) (11) _______ finds tattoos acce&table. 5ome &eo&le thin" that getting one is silly beca%se tattoos are more or less &ermanent. There is also some (12) _______ abo%t (1$) _______ a blood disease from %nsterilised needles. 4ven for those who do want a tattoo, the (1) _______ of getting one is not &ainless, b%t the final final res%lt, in their eyes eyes is (1*) _______ _______ the &ain. &ain. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. s%&&osed 7. greater 7. e&orted 7. who 7. be 7. by 7. change 7. earned 7. declared 7. in>%ired 7. everybody 7. danger 7. catching 7. &rogress 7. d%e
3. realised 3. high 3. banned 3. that 3. do 3. since 3, convert 3. won 3. showed 3. s&o"en 3. every 3. tro%ble 3. gaining 3. system 3. worth
'. held '. %&&er '. blamed '. they '. ma"e '. for '. vary '. gained '. e&lained '. demanded '. each '. concern '. having '. &ace '. owed
. regarded . etreme . finished . whose . create . %ntil . move . made . said . >%estioned . nobody . threat . infecting . &rocess . deserved
112 112 TWO WAYS WAYS TO IMPRO!E IMPR O!E YOUR MEMORY
The h%man memory is an incredibly &owerf%l tool, b%t few of %s ma"e the most of it. #n these days of high &erformance, (1) _______ greater demands are made on o%r memories, so what can we do to (2) _______ them wor" more effi/ ciently< The ($) _______ 9ree"s realised that, in order to remember anything, yo% have toS() _______ it with something that is already fied in yo%r mind. They (*) _______ memory aids or GmnemonicsH. erbal mnemonics can be words or rhymes (-) _______, _______, for eam&le, the first letters of the items of a list to be () _______. _______. These were &o&%lar in ictorian ictorian schools, where memorising lists was a ma@or ma@or &art &art of Ged%ca Ged%catio tionH. nH. 7ltho% ltho%gh gh mo moder dern n ed%cat ed%cation ionali alist stss tend tend to loo" loo" (0) (0) _______ _______ this method of learning, it is still sometimes sometimes necessary, necessary, as any medical st%dent will tell yo%. is%al is%al mnemonics have recently been fo%nd to be es&ecially () _______. 5o net (16) _______ yo% have to remember how items are (11) _______, _______, say for an eam, eam, (12) _______ _______ a Gmind ma&H. ma&H. Bo Bo% can draw a &lan with items radiating from a central &oint and %se different colo%red &ens to ma"e the relationshi& between items (1$) _______. Bo% learn as yo% draw and then the (1) _______ _______ image is easy easy to (1*) (1*) _______. _______. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. too 7. ca%se 7. earlier 7. realise 7. fo%nd 7. containing 7. decided 7. down on 7. cas%al 7. thing 7. relatives 7. create 7. available 7. seen 7. recall
3. that 3. ma"e 3. former 3. divide 3. invented 3. filling 3. dis&%ted 3. %& 3. colo%rf%l 3. time 3. married 3. show 3. clear 3, watched 3. re&lace
'. always '. ind%ce '. old '. associate '. discovered '. holding '. settled '. over '. &owerf%l '. occasion '. related '. red%ce '. fleible '. regarded '. reset 113 113
MA#E-UP
. even . have . ancient . mi . recovered . &lacing . remembered . in . assisting . date . @ointed . b%ild . moving . vis%al . redo
What is ma"e/%&< War &aint, a mas", something a woman %ses to increase self/esteem< The answer is none of the above, altho%gh all of these (1) _______ have been %sed to describe it over the (2) _______. #t:s tr%e that women s&end a lot of money on ma"e/%&, abo%t I*66 a year on ($) _______, b%t it:s all for a good ca%se. a"e/%&, if %sed correctly, can have many benefits. #t wo%ld be () _______ _______ to critici!e ma"e/%& witho%t first (*) _______ _______ its advantages to the wearer. Women do %se ma"e/%& to (-) _______ self/esteem, b%t it is a self/esteem that already eists. 3y () _______ cosmetics, a woman feels better abo%t herself; she feels more attractive and more (0) _______. =i"e it or not, a woman is often () _______ on her a&&earance. 5he will %se li&stic", bl%sher, mascara, and the (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___, _, to enha enhanc ncee her her bea% bea%ty ty and and ther theref efor oree her her Gval Gval%e %eHH in the the (11 (11) _______ _______ of others. 'osmetics are a tool for attracting attention and (12) _______ a favo%rable first im&ression. =et:s face it, there:s a lot of (1$) _______ o%t there these days and even tho%gh we might not want to (1) _______ it, we were not all born with the loo"s of s%&ermodels. s%&ermodels. a"e/%&, therefore, offers we Gless/than/ &erfectH women, women, a(n) (1*) (1*) _______ _______ with which which to com&ete. com&ete. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. titles 7. days 7. standard 7. im&olite 7. considering 7. @%m& 7. a&&lying 7. confined 7. selected 7. %s%al 7. minds 7. &rod%cing 7. challenge 7. admit 7. bomb
3. terms 3. ages 3. average 3. dishonest 3. regarding 3. boost 3. &%tting 3. conscio%s 3. chosen 3. similar 3. eyes 3. b%ilding 3. str%ggle 3. confess 3. g%n
'. &hrases '. years '. balance '. inh%man '. comå '. lift '. &lacing '. confident '. graded '. li"e '. hearts '. forming '. com&etition '. anno%nce '. arsenal 114 114
SOMETHING NOT FOR E!ERYONE E!ERYONE
, labels . months . &ar . %n@%st . weighing . rise . s&reading . convenient . @%dged . normal . so%ls . creating . rivalry . deny . wea&on
3eca%se an increasing n%mber of &eo&le are o&ting to wor" o%tside the tradi/ tional office, noteboo" ?'s are becoming more and more &o&%lar. owever, yo% sho%ld "now that noteboo" ?'s aren:t for everyone. 7s yo% (1) _______ %& the &ros and cons of (2) _______ _______ yo%r des"to& des"to& ?' with a new system, yo% sho%ld sho%ld ($) _______ _______ in mind that yo% may get better () _______ _______ for yo%r money by investing in a faster, more &owerf%l des"to& ?'. ?ortability comes at a(n) (*) _______, =eave yo%r la&to& %nattended for any (-) _______ of time in any sort of &%blic &lace and yo% will >%ic"ly () _______ that it has been stolen. Bo% co%ld even lose it witho%t any intentional neglect on yo%r (0) _______; la&to&s (and all the b%siness and &ersonal information they contain) are easy () _______ for s"illed thieves. 5o, yes, there are definitely serio%s sec%rity iss%es. 7lso, if yo% are (16) _______ to tossing yo%r la&to& aro%nd as yo% do yo%r &%rse, wor"o%t bag or %mbrella, yo%:ll &robably brea" it before yo% get yo%r money:s money:s (11) (11) _______. _______. 9%arantees are getting better and long longer er,, b% b%tt they they stil stilll won: won:tt cove coverr a sim& sim&le le sli& sli&,, let let alon alonee (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ care carele less ssne ness ss.. 5o, 5o, befo before re yo yo% % (1$) (1$) __ ____ ____ ___ _ o% o%tt to get get yo yo%r %rse self lf the the late latest st technological (1) _______, thin" long and hard as to whether a noteboo" ?' is really (1*) _______ for yo%. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. meas%re 7. s%bstit%ting 7. hold 7. merit 7. &rice 7. d%ration 7. confirm 7. &art 7. aims 7. inclined 7. worth 7. %s%al 7. r%sh 7. tool 7. &ro&er
3. weigh 3. trading 3. bear 3. %se 3. e&ense 3. ho%rs 3. discover 3. role 3. ob@ects 3. a&t 3. ret%rn 3. normal 3. s&eed 3. gadget 3. acce&table
'. even '. re&lacing '. bring '. val%e '. cost '. >%antity '. show '. behalf '. targets '. li"ely '. reward '. reg%lar '. move '. %tensil '. s%itable
. co%nt . swa&&ing . gras& . &rofit . fee . length . reveal . area . goals . &rone . benefit . habit%al . wal" . a&&liance . fit
115 115
Wor"ing &arents are devoting more >%ality time to their children than &revio%s genera generatio tions ns,, des&i des&ite te time/c time/con ons% s%min ming g (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___, _, resear research ch has show shown. n. Th Thee findings of this st%dy go against the (2) _______ that modern &arents, es&ecially wor"ing mothers, s&end less time with their children. The st%dy fo%nd that &arents devote more than twice as m%ch time on the ($) _______ of their children than they did $6 years ago. +%ll/time wor"ing &arents were fo%nd to s&end more time with their children than their &art/time and non/wor"ing co%nter&arts. This time is s&ent tal"ing to children and en@oying &lanned () _______ activities, (*) _______ swimming and tri&s to m%se%ms together. The res%lts of the research (-) _______ that &arents devote an average of 0* min%tes a day to each child. This com&ares with 2* min%tes a day in the () _______ _______ 16s. 7nd it is &redicted that the fig%re will (0) _______ _______ to 166 min%tes a day by 2616. The st%dy highlighted a new conce&t of G&ositive &arentingH, where mothers and fathers are () _______ committed to wor"ing hard to be good &arents and &roviding &roviding the best material and emotional s%&&ort for their children. The findings s%ggest that the Gnew manH is not a myth. Today:s fathers were fo%nd to be more involved in their children:s lives than their own fathers or grandfathers were. ore fathers are said to be e>%al (16) _______ in &arenting. %ring the st%dy, three generations of families were (11) _______ on their (12) _______ _______ to &arenting. What is clear is that &arents desire an increase in creative involvement with children, and for family democracy. (1$) _______, this increase in &arental involvement also (1) _______ an increase in the stress (1*) _______ being a &arent. #n the f%t%re, &arenting classes co%ld become as common&lace common&lace as antenatal classes are today. today. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. @obs 7. saying 7. ed%cation 7. am%sement 7. instead of
3. wor" 3. tho%ght 3. instr%ction 3. leis%re 3. on one hand
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. occ%&ations . statement . %&bringing . &leas%re . s%ch as
-. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. dis&lay 7. mid 7. arise 7. similar 7. co%&les 7. re>%ested 7. attit%des 7. Therefore 7. s%ggests 7. for
3. say 3. middle 3. rise 3. hardly 3. &artners 3. answered 3. o&inions 3. owever 3. says 3. to
'. show '. medi%m '. aro%se; 6. e>%ally '. colleag%es '. as"ed '. agreements '. 7ltho%gh '. states '. in
. a&&ear . halfway . raise . nearly . mates . >%estioned . thin"ings . es&ite . hints . of
116 116 MICHELLE)S STORY
When ichelle was at school her friends and teachers wo%ld never have (1) _______ _______ how she:d (2) _______ _______ o%t. o%t. The ($) _______ _______ da%ghter da%ghter of a &ostman, &ostman, she () _______ %& in a small village near =yons in +rance. When she (*) _______ a &lace at 3ordea% Cniversity Cniversity to st%dy st%dy %manities, %manities, her &arents were delighted delighted that she was to have the ed%cational o&&ort%nities they had (-) _______. They ho&ed she wo%ld be a school teacher b%t () _______ didn:t ha&&en >%ite as they had (0) _______. _______. When she finished her st%dies, ichelle () _______ _______ her driving test, bo%ght an old car and became (16) _______ with engines. 5he decided to ta"e a co%rse (11) _______ car maintenance which (12) _______ thirteen wee"s. 7t the end of the co%rse, she was told that (1$) _______ all the st%dents she had made the most (1) _______. 5he now wor"s in a local garage as a mechanic and, in a few years, wo%ld li"e to (1*) _______ a garage of her own. 1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. g%essed 7. come 7. sing%lar 7. came 7. won 7. failed 7. matters 7. e&ected 7. made 7. enth%siastic 7. from
3. ho&ed 3. carry 3. only 3. raised 3. arrived 3. avoided 3. things 3 li"ed 3. gave 3. interested 3. in
'. wondered '. t%rn '. individ%al '. grew '. a&&lied '. dreamed '. f%t%re '. claimed '. &resented '. fascinated '. of
. told . show . lonely . started . entered . lac"ed . life . &retended . too" . ecited . for
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. s&ent 7. by 7. s%ccess 7. o&en
3. covered 3. from 3. &rogress 3. begin
'. lasted '. beside '. achievement '. introd%ce
. &assed . of . advance . ma"e
117 117 HOME SECURITY
'ontrary to &o&%lar belief most b%rglaries ta"e (1) _______ d%ring the day. The >%ic" dash yo% (2) _______ to the sho&s before they close or to ($) _______ the children from school are ideal o&&ort%nities. 3%rglars "now abo%t these things and what time they are () _______ to occ%r. The garage door which yo% (*) _______ _______ o&en beca%se yo% yo% didn:t have time to sh%t sh%t it before yo% drove drove away is as (-) _______ as an invitation card. Bo%r best &rotection is to ma"e () _______ that when the b%rglar does come to yo%r ho%se, he decides it is not worth the (0) _______ of brea"ing in. Bo%r &re/ ca%tions have to be good eno%gh to &%t him () _______. +or most &eo&le the first (16) _______ to better sec%rity is to frighten them/ selves (11) _______ really believing that their ho%se co%ld be b%rgled. 7nd (12) _______, _______, if it ha&&ened, ha&&ened, wo%ld wo%ld be &retty %n&leasant %n&leasant.. 7nyone 7nyone who has s%ffered s%ffered the (1$) _______ can tell yo% that the shoc" of finding yo%r (1) _______ home vandalised is at least as &ainf%l as the act%al financial (1*) _______ yo% s%ffer. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . L 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. &lace 7. do 7. &ic" 7. &robable 7. left 7. well 7. clear 7. alarm 7. o%t 7. lesson 7. with 7. that 7. state 7. well/"nown
3. way 3. ta"e 3, collect 3. s%rely 3. forgot 3. m%ch 3. s%re 3. tra& 3. off 3, &oint 3. to 3. which 3. fact 3. familiar
'. &art '. ma"e '. ta"e '. &ossible '. let '. fine '. safe '. ris" '. %& '. &art '. into '. what '. e&erience '. %s%al
. action . go . catch . li"ely . &%t . good . care . threat . away . ste& . of . then . "nowledge . reg%lar
1*.
7. &rice
3. c%t
'. lac"
. loss
118 118 ROBOTS
4ver since it was first &ossible to ma"e a real robot, &eo&le have been ho&ing for the invention of a machine that wo%ld do all the necessary @obs (1) _______ the ho%se. #f boring and re&etitive factory wor" co%ld be (2) _______ by robots, why not boring and re&etitive ho%sehold chores too< +or a long time the only &eo&le who really ($) _______ the &roblem their atte attent ntio ion n were were amat amate% e%rr inve invent ntor ors. s. 7nd they they came came %& () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ a ma@o ma@or r diffic%lty diffic%lty.. That is, ho%sewor" ho%sewor" is (*) _______ very com&le. #t has never been one @ob, it has always been many. 7 factory robot (-) _______ one tas" endlessly () _______ _______ it is re&rogrammed to do something something else. #t doesn:t r%n the (0) _______ factory. 7 ho%sewor" robot, on the other () _______, has to do several different (16) _______ of cleaning and carrying @obs and also has to co&e (11) _______ all the different sha&es and &ositions of rooms, f%rnit%re, ornaments, cats and dogs. (12) _______ , there have been some develo&ments recently. 5ensors are avail/ able to (1$) _______ the robot locate ob@ects and avoid obstacles. We have the technology to &rod%ce the hardware. 7ll that is (1) _______ is the software / the &rograms &rograms that will (1*) (1*) _______ _______ the machine. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. thro%gh 7. managed 7. too" 7. to 7. hardly 7. carries away 7. since 7. total 7. hand 7. systems 7. with 7. oreover 7. assist 7. short
3. aro%nd 3. made 3. showed 3. for 3. serio%sly 3. carries over 3. %ntil 3. f%ll 3. &art 3. ways 3. from 3. owever 3. allow 3. missing
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7. o&erate
3. &ractise
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119 119 A!ENTURE TRA!EL TRA!EL
The traditional reason for e&loration / to boldly go where no man has gone before / has become a little o%t of (1) _______ _______ now. 'orners of the world which have not been e&lored are rare indeed. They do (2) _______, however, and P from &olar regions to tro&ical rainforest, from 0,666 m. ($) _______ in the imalayas to s%bmarine caves in the 'aribbean / the attem&ts to discover them contin%e. The increasing () _______ in e&loration e&loration is reflected in the growth of com&a/ nies nies which which (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in ho holid liday/ ay/len length gth e&edi e&editio tions ns to the footh foothill illss of the the imalayas, 7frica and 5o%th 7merica. 5%ch to%rs are %nli"ely to (-) _______ real danger b%t they offer () _______ challenge to allow the traveller some of the achievement of f%ll/scale e&loration. e&loration. The line (0) _______ e&loration from vacation is diffic%lt to draw now. 4&editions may () _______ from &ac"aged advent%res along well/"nown (16) _______ _______ to a demanding assa%lt on some remote mo%ntain face where s%rvival (11) _______ on good training, technical (12) _______, @%dgement and good l%c". 7s one climbing climbing enth%sia enth%siast st (1$) (1$) itK G5ome G5ome &eo&le &eo&le can get f%ll satisfact satisfaction ion (1) (1) _______ _______ admiring admiring a mo%ntain from a safe distance (1*) _______ others might only be satisfied by act%ally climbing the mo%ntain H 1. 2. $. , *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. >%estion 7, a&&ear 7. &ea"s 7. &o&%larity 7. advertise 7. involve 7. some 7. c%tting 7. stretch 7. sites 7. relies
3. order 3. eist 3. to&s 3. interest 3. feat%re 3. s%ffer 3. slight 3. dividing 3. reach 3. ways 3. re>%ires
'. date '. arise '. &oints '. enth%siasm '. s&ecialise '. consist '. certain '. &arting '. incl%de '. ro%tes '. stands
. &ractice . occ%r . crowns . s%ccess . arrange . &ro&ose . s%fficient . connecting . range . resorts . res%lts
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. method 7. &%t 7. for 7. however
3. art 3. said 3. from 3, otherwise
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120 MINOR ILLNESSES
ost &eo&le can do minor re&airs in the home s%ch as mending a f%se or (1) _______ _______ on a b%tton. ost ost car owners "now how to change a wheel (2) _______ they have a &%nct%re. This boo"let will hel& yo% to ($) _______ with minor illnesses at home. el&ing yo%rself will hel& the doctor at the same time. #t e&lains sim&le () _______ _______ for minor illnesses and accidents which are (*) _______ to occ%r (-) _______ _______ lime to time. #n some () _______ there is nothing a doctor can do that the &atient cannot do (0) _______ as well. This boo"let will hel& yo% to "now when yo% can treat yo%rself and () _______ _______ the doctor val%able time to hel& &atients who are more (16) _______ _______ ill, and when yo% really need to (11) _______ the doctor. We ho&e yo% will find this boo"let %sef%l. 7t the bac" there is a list of sim&le medicines which (12) _______ will be hel&f%l to have (1$) _______ hand. 7nd remember, whenever yo%, are really anio%s or ill, advice can be 1 _______ _______ over the tele&hone. (1*) _______ _______ yo% need do is ring the &ractice n%mber 1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. fiing 7. if 7. react 7. sol%tions 7. normal 7. on 7. cases 7. >%ite 7. s&are 7. badly 7. call
3. fitting 3. while 3. manage 3. treatments 3. &ossible 3. by 3. occasions 3. thoro%ghly 3. save 3. %rgently 3. command
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. "nitting . %ntil . co&e . o&eration< . li"ely . at . ty&es . @%st . ma"e . fatally . re>%ire
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. they 7. in 7. given 7. 8nly
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121 WHERE S THE INOSAURS GO%
No acco%nt of the dinosa%rs: dinosa%rs: time time on 4arth is com&lete witho%t an e&lanation of their etinction. (1) _______ the years many theories have been (2) _______, b%t no single theory can e&lain all the facts as we "now them. ($) _______, _______, the most li"ely theory that scientists have come () _______ is that dinosa%rs were l%lled off by a combination of (*) _______ factors. The (-) _______ effect of these factors was the etinction of the dinosa%rs, together with many other animal gro%&s. #t is "nown that there was a lot of volcanic activity at the () _______ of the dinos dinosa%r a%rs: s: etincti etinction. on. Th Their eir enviro environm nment ent wo%ld wo%ld have have alread already y been been (0) (0) _______ _______ considerable considerable stress as well well as being &oisoned. &oisoned. 7dded to this it is believed that a very () _______ meteor or/comet, some 16 "ilometres wide, (16) _______ the 4arth and ca%sed massive destr%ction. (11) _______ of the im&act can be fo%nd in the 9%lf of eico, where there is a large crater and a (12) _______ of roc" roc" contai containi ning ng the rare rare elemen elementt iridi% iridi%m. m. 7s the the meteor meteor entere entered d the 4arth 4arth:s :s atmos&here, the dinosa%rs wo%ld have seen a bright light in the s"y followed by an e&losion. The shoc" waves from the e&losion flattened everything. (1$) _______ _______ after, a rain of d%st and roc"s fell and covered everything, everything, the tem& tem&er erat at%r %ree (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ dram dramat atic ical ally ly and and that that was was the the (1*) (1*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ of dinosa%rs. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. 8ver 7. handed o%t 7 Nowadays 7. ro%nd 7. few 7. com&lete 7. ho%r 7. in
3. %ring 3. bro%ght %& 3. 7ct%ally 3. over 3, several 3. entire 3. era 3. below
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. 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. large 7. crashed 7. 5ignals 7. cover 7. 3riefly 7. rose 7. finish
3. long 3. hit 3. Notices 3. layer 3. J%ic"ly 3. raised 3. end
'. enormo%s '. collided '. Trac"s '. level '. 5har&ly '. flew '. final
. great . smashed . 5igns . coat . 5hortly . grew . o%tcome
122 THE RETURN OF THE AIRSHIP
The first balloons flew in the 10th cent%ry. 3y 166 the 9ermans were &ro/ d%cing rigid airshi&s ca&able of carrying (1) _______ loads over long distances. These airshi&s consisted of a cigar/sha&ed, covered frame (2) _______ hydrogen gas. The first first craft reached s&eeds ($) ___ ______ ____ _ $2 "mSh. 3y the mid/1$6s mid/1$6s,, the !e&&elins had () _______ in si!e. The largest airshi& ever b%ilt, the indenb%rg, was 2* metres long and co%ld reach a maim%m s&eed of 1$* "mSh. #n 1$- this airshi& carried a (*) _______ of 1,662 &assengers on 16 sched%led ro%nd (-) _______ _______ between 9ermany and the Cnited 5tates. 8n - ay 1$, while () _______ _______ at =a"eh%rst, New Fersey, Fersey, the indenb%rg indenb%rg was com&letely (0) _______ _______ when it crashed and h%rst into () _______, with a loss of $- lives. Now, over -6 years since the last giant commercial airshi& was b%ilt, a new (16) _______ of high/tech giant airshi&s is being &lanned. (11) _______, airshi&s %se heli%m in/ stead of the &otentially dangero%s hydrogen. C& %ntil (12) _______ their constr%ct on has been limited to small blim&s, %sed mostly for advertising (1$) _______ and on a limited scale by the C5 Navy for coastal &atrols. The new airshi&s co%ld be the heavy lift aircraft of the f%t%re. They will be (1) _______ to carry &ayloads of %& to 1-6 tonnes abo%t the weight of 2 f%ll/grown 7frican ele&hants / at a s&eed of 166 "mSh and a maim%m height of 2,666 metres non/sto& (1*) _______ several tho%sand "ilometres. 1. 2. $. .
7. strong 7. com&rising 7. arriving 7. do%bled
3. im&ortant 3. consisting 3. a&&roaching 3. m%lti&lied
'. notable '. containing '. nearly '. twofold
. considerable . com&osing . almost . d%&licated
*. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. n%mber 7. travels 7. gro%nding 7. destroyed 7. fires 7. brand 7. Nowadays 7. recently 7. reasons 7. &ossible 7. thro%gh
3. s%m 3. voyages 3. landing 3. r%ined 3. flames 3. family 3. =ately 3. soon 3. &%r&oses 3. ca&able 3. across
9. fig%re '. tri&s '. getting down '. damaged '. bla!es '. race '. 7ct%ally 9. now '. roles '. able '. by
. total , @o%rneys . ret%rning . demolished . b%rns . breed . ?resently . today . tas"s . ca&acity . over
123 MA#ING TOURISM A BENEFIT
The growth of chea& and readily available air travel has hel&ed t%rn to%rism into one of the world:s largest (1) _______. 3%t behind the image &ro@ected by the glossy broch%res, there is a less &ositive (2) _______ to the sit%ation. #n 9oa, for eam&le, indigeno%s &eo&les have been dis&laced to ($) _______ way for hotels and golf () _______, and local fishermen have been (*) _______ access to the beaches from which they set off off for, wor". wor". 8ne (-) _______ _______ st%dy has shown shown that -6 &er cent of foreign ca&ital () _______ in to%rism in develo&ing co%ntries ret%rns to first/world co%ntries, and altho%gh to%rism often &rovides em&loyment. m%ch KK it is low/s"illed and very (0) _______ &aid. Eecently, however, a 3ritish organisation. To%rism 'oncern, s%r&rised every/ one by mo%nting an () _______ vigoro%s cam&aign for to%rism which res&ects the the righ rights ts of loca locall &eo& &eo&le le.. Th They ey arg% arg%ee that that loca locall &eo& &eo&le le are are at &res &resen entt (16) (16) _______ _______ near as involved as they sho%ld be in decisions abo%t how to (11) (11) _______ _______ their area for to%rism. to%rism. (12) _______, _______, they believe to%rists to%rists sho%ld be actively enco%raged to %se what is often &erfectly satisfactory accommodation offered by local comm%nities, and to fly with airlines (1$) _______ in the host co%ntries. This wo%ld (1) _______ that @obs are &rovided at all (1*) _______ and that ca&ital does not disa&&ear o%t of the co%ntry. 1.
7. &rod%ctions
3. trades
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. deals
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. side 7. leave 7. &itches 7. re@ected 7. com&rehensive 7. &rovided 7. hardly 7. etensively 7. no one 7. grow 7. +%rthermore 7. created 7. &romise 7. levels
3. section 3. move 3. co%rses 3. sto&&ed 3. incl%sive 3. &laced 3. wea"ly 3. etremely 3. nothing 3. develo& 3. es&ite this 3. based 3. agree 3. &lanes
'. edge '. get '. gro%nds '. disallowed '. com&lete '. invested '. ro%ghly '. %tterly '. nobody '. re&rod%ce '. Nevertheless '. stood '. ens%re '. heights
. face . ma"e . co%rts . denied . total . s&ec%lated . &oorly . act%ally . nowhere . inflate . 8n the contrary , laid . %nderta"e . ste&s
124 A BALLOONING CHALLENGE
+or those &eo&le who go o%t in search of advent%re, a long/distance flight in a hot/air balloon is a &artic%lar eciting (1) _______. #ndeed, a ro%nd/the/world balloon tri& is widely regarded as the (2) _______ _______ challenge. 8ne well/"nown well/"nown advent%rer, avid em&lemann/7dams wo%ld not agree, however. Eecently he became the first man to ($) _______ the North ?ole in a hot/air balloon, a more significant () _______ in his eyes. 9iven that the distance and altit%des (*) _______ _______ are com&aratively com&aratively modest, yo% might wonder why the tri& from 'anada to the ?ole, sho%ld &resent s%ch a challenge. ?art of the (-) _______ was that s%ch a flight had not even been attem&ted for over a cent%ry. #n those days, s%ch e&editions were h%ge events, with a nation:s &ride () _______ _______ on their s%ccess, and so reso%rces were (0) _______ _______ to them. 7ltho%gh he event%ally managed to sec%re a s%bstantial s&onsorshi& () _______ from an ins%rance com&any, em&lemann/7dams had the added challenge of having to (16) _______ s%fficient f%nds for his tri&. Then, of co%rse, he had to face ma@or s%rvival concerns, s%ch as &redicting the weather (11) _______ and co&ing with dangero%sly low tem&erat%res. 3%t most challenging of all was the incredibly com&le &roblem of navigation. 7s the
earth:s magnetic field gets stronger, only the most (12) _______ of satellite/lin"ed navigation systems can (1$) _______ that one has got to the &ole. Witho%t them, the chances of getting anywhere near it are etremely (1) _______. Not to men/ tion an even greater &roblem that (1*) _______ on em&lemann/7dams: mindK getting bac"A 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. cam&aign 7. etreme 7. reach 7. recognition 7. engaged 7. bea%ty 7. leaning 7. committed 7. bargain .7. elevate .7. conditions .7. c%lt%red .7. confirm .7. thin .7. &%shed
3. engagement 3. %ltimate 3. attain 3. ac>%isition 3. regarded 3. all%re 3. resting 3. confided 3. transaction 3. raise 3. tendencies 3. refined 3. a&&rove 3. slight 3. &ressed
'. motion '. %tmost '. meet '. realisation '. involved '. charm '. waiting '. confirmed '. deal '. lift '. circ%mstances '. so&histicated '. reinforce '. tight '. weighed
. &ros&ect . event%al . f%lfil . achievement #), connected . a&&eal . standing . commended . &%rchase . b%ild . elements . ed%cated . s%&&ort . slim . stressed
125 NO ORINARY NO!ELIST
=ondon feat%res so &rominently in the wor" of the 4nglish novelist 'harles ic"ens (1012/106) that &eo&le often (1) _______ that he was born and bred there. #n fact, the writer:s father wor"ed for the navy and the family moved aro%nd a (2) _______ deal. ic"ens was nevertheless familiar with =ondon and many of the things he saw there were later ($) _______ into his boo"s. +or eam/ eam / &le, he observed the rich () _______ beggars on the streets, and saw cram&ed streets eisting in star" (*) _______ to vast o&en s&aces. When his father was (-) _______ _______ in a debtor &rison after a lifetime of living beyond his () _______, the yo%ng 'harles had no (0) _______ b%t to leave school and wor" in a shoe factory. There he earned @%st a few &ennies a wee" with which to () _______ his family, now witho%t a breadwinner. This was an e&erience which made a (16) _______
im&ression on the yo%ng ic"ens, &erha&s e&laining his later &re/occ%&ation with lost or or&haned children in his novels. 7fter a (11) _______ in the legal &rofession, &rofession, ic"ens became a re&orter and &o&%lar &o&%lar writer. is first &%blished &%blished (12) _______ _______ was a boo" called 5"etches by 3o!, which (1$) _______ _______ in 10$-. This collection of =ondon scenes was soon followed by a novel entitled ?ic"wic" ?a&ers. =i"e most of his novels, this first came o%t in the (1) _______ of a serial in a mo mont nthl hly y maga maga!i !ine ne.. Th Thee read readin ing g &% &%bl blic ic wo%l wo%ld d foll follow ow the the live livess of the the char charac acte ters rs in each each (1*) (1*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in m% m%ch ch the the same same way way that that &eo& &eo&le le watc watch h television soa& o&eras today. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. consider 7. great 7. absorbed 7. go over 7. o&&osition 7. s%stained 7. savings 7. choice 7. carry ,7. lasting 7. try 7. effort 7. a&&eared 7. manner 7. version
3. discover 3. big 3. integrated 3. &ass by 3. com&arison 3. detained 3. loans 3. chance 3. manage 3. d%rable 3. t%rn 3. wor" 3. o&ened 3. mode 3. series
'. ass%me '. h%ge '. merged '. r%n over '. contrast '. maintained '. acco%nts '. idea '. s%&&ort '. longing '. shift '. craft '. entered '. form '. consignment
. realise . large . incor&orated . get by . relation . retained . means . time . bear . heavy . s&ell . attem&t . arrived . order . installment
126 THE HISTORY OF "OURNALISM
Fo%rnalism has a very long history. #t dates bac" at (1) _______ from ancient Eome, when written anno%ncements of deaths, marriages and military a&&oint/ ments were (2) _______ %& reg%larly in &%bic &laces. #t wasn:t %ntil the fifteenth cent%ry, ($) _______, that the invention of the &rinting &ress made the ra&id () _______ _______ of @o%rnalism @o%rnalism &ossible. &ossible. Fo%rnalism as we "now it today &robably dates from the eighteenth cent%ry, with the (*) _______ of daily news&a&ers that were written to (-) _______ the
views of &artic%lar &arties or social gro%&s. There is a great variety of @o%rnalism on () _______ in 3ritain, ranging from the scandals of the tabloid news&a&ers to the high/>%ality re&orting of the more (0) _______ &%blications 'hanges in @o%rnalism in the twentieth cent%ry () _______ &lace as a res%lt of technolo technological gical (16) (16) ___ ______ ____ _ the telety&ew telety&ewriter riter,, the radio, radio, and then televisio television. n. While the (11) _______ of the news&a&er @o%rnalist may have (12) _______ in recent years, many radio and television @o%rnalists became (1$) _______ names as they re&orted events while they were (1) _______ ha&&ening. News broadcaster Walter 'ron"ite, for eam&le, will be remembered by millions of television (1*) _______ _______ for his coverage of events s%ch as the f%neral of 7merican &resident Fohn +. Dennedy and the landing of the first man on the moon. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. least 7. ta"en 7. indeed 7. increase 7. release 7. stretch 7. choice 7. serio%s 7. gave 7. &romotions 7. command 7. red%ced 7. familiar 7. rightly 7. s&ectators
3. first 3. given 3. therefore 3. ascent 3. a&&earance 3. widen 3. offer 3. severe 3. stood 3. revisions 3. mar" 3. declined 3. "nown 3. act%ally 3. &assers/by
'. once '. &%t '. whereas '. growth '. recei&t '. e&and '. stoc" '. strict '. too" '. amendments '. infl%ence '. retired '. %s%al '. tr%ly '. observers
. all . shown . however . etent . attendance . s&read . mar"et . stern . held . advances . &osition . de&arted . acc%stomed . certainly . viewers
127 A MUSICIAN IS ISCO!ERE
When William was a small boy, the family s&ent their holidays on his grand/ father:s farm in the mo%ntains. 8n their arrival, the children (1) _______ race aro%nd the yard and orchard, over@oyed to be free from the strictly correct (2) _______ _______ e&ected of them in the city. 7s the days &assed, their &arents also ($) _______ _______ increasingly relaed, and the ho%se rang with the la%ghter of old fiends.
#t was d%ring one of these visits that William:s () _______ to remember a t%ne led to the s%ggestion that the boy sho%ld (*) _______ %& a m%sical instr%ment. 8ne evening everyone was gathered in the living/room, and a disc%ssion (-) _______ _______ abo%t the the differences differences between, a &iece &iece of m%sic m%sic which was &o&%lar &o&%lar at the the time time and and a well well/" /"no nown wn fol" fol" so song ng.. ario% rio%ss ad%l ad%lts ts trie tried d to () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the similarity of the two t%nes to those who (0) _______ with them, b%t witho%t s%ccess. () _______ fell, and then William, who was abo%t five, made his (16) _______ _______ to the &iano and &layed first first one t%ne and then the other. other. is &arents and their friends were astonished (11) _______ no one had even heard William (12) _______ _______ to &lay before. GThat child m%st go to a m%sic teacher,H teacher,H (1$) _______ one neighbo%r, and the others agreed. William:s &arents were &ers%aded to (1) _______ _______ hel& with &ayment of the fees, and his m%sical m%sical (1*) _______ _______ began. began. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. were 7. behavio%r 7. showed 7. talent 7. bring 7. arose 7. test 7. ref%sed 7. 'oncl%sion 7. way 7. so 7. want 7. confirmed 7. achieve 7. career
3. wo%ld 3. style 3. acted 3. ability 3. start 3. came 3. claim 3. resisted 3. 7rg%ment 3. &ath 3. altho%gh 3. try 3. told 3. attain 3. living
'. might '. manner '. became '. gift '. &ic" '. entered '. &rove '. varied '. 5ilence '. ro%te '. when '. go '. stated ', a&&ly '. wor"
had . attit%de . fo%nd . s"ill . ta"e . ha&&ened . &retend . disagreed . o%bt . direction . as . decide . e&ressed . acce&t . st%dy
128 THE FAIREST LAN
#n 12, 'hristo&her 'ol%mb%s landed in what is now the ominican Ee&%b/ lic. e loo"ed aro%nd him and (1) _______, GThis is the fairest land h%man eyes have have ever ever seen seen.H .H Th This is is no nott s% s%r& r&ri risi sing ng as the the co%n co%ntr try y (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ from from a tho%sand miles of bea%tif%l coastline, the highest mo%ntains mo%ntains in the 'aribbean and
s&ectac%lar national &ar"s which ($) _______ s&ar"ling rivers and dee& canyons. The ominican Ee&%blic lies on the island () _______ as is&aniola, the sec/ ond largest in the 'aribbean, which it (*) _______ with its neighbo%r, aiti, the island is accessible to to%rists to%rists as there are (-) _______ _______ flights from many &arts of the world. #f yo% arrive as an inde&endent holidayma"er, holidayma"er, yo% sho%ld () _______ _______ a hire car or a tai from the air&ort and (0) _______ for one of the tastef%l hotels in the new () _______ along the coast. These develo&ments offer offer incredible (16) _______ _______ for money com&ared with other 'aribbean islands. Bo% Bo% can &artici&ate in s&orts (11) _______ sailing, snor"elling, canoeing, tennis or golf and then, when the s%n goes down, (12) _______ the lively evening entertainment. 3%t the highlight of any (1$) _______ to the island is a visit to the ca&ital, 5anto omingo. #t boasts the oldest b%ildings in the 7mericas. 7 cathedral, a %niversity %niversity and a hos&ital, ail sit%ated within the bea%tif%lly bea%tif%lly (1) _______ 8ld 'o/ 'o / lonial J%arter and all (1*) _______ from the early 1*66s. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16, 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. res%med 7. rewards 7. contain 7. meant 7. s&lits 7. ready 7. &ic" %& 7. see" 7. resorts 7. deal 7. so as to 7. @oin in 7. @%m& 7. reversed 7. lasting
3. res&onded 3. benefits 3. com&ose 3. called 3. divides 3. direct 3. drive off 3. t%rn 3. restorations 3, val%e 3. as for 3. ma"e %& 3. travel 3. &reserved 3. ageing
'. denied '. advantages '. concern '. "nown '. halves '. stable '. ta"e on '. head '. refreshments '. bargain '. s%ch as '. &%t on '. stay '. conserved '. dating
. declared . favo%rs . com&lete . named . shares . straight . get by . &oint . reso%rces . saving . as if . ta"e &art . tri& . revised . timing
129 THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of man:s mastery mastery of the air is almost as old as man himself, a &%!!le in which the essential cl%es were not fo%nd %ntil a very late stage. owever, to (1)
_______ _______ this we m%st first go bac" to the time when &rimitive &rimitive man (2) _______ _______ his food, and only birds and insects flew. We cannot "now with any certainty when man first deliberately sha&ed wea&ons for throwing, b%t that ($) _______ conscio%s design mar"ed the first ste& on a road that () _______ from the s&ear and the arrow to the aero&lane and the giant roc"et of the &resent (*) _______ #t wo%ld seem, in fact, that this (-) _______ to throw things is one of the most &rimitive &rimitive and dee&/seated of o%r instincts, instincts, () _______ _______ in childhood childhood and &er/ sisting into old age. The more mat%re ambition to throw things swiftly and acc%/ rately, which is the origin of most (0) _______ games, &robably has its roots in the ages when the &ossession of a () _______ wea&on and the ability to throw it with force and acc%racy (16) _______ the difference difference between eating and starving. #t is significant that s%ch wea&ons were (11) _______ and bro%ght to their (12) _______ _______ form at an early stage in history. history. #f we were restricted to the same (1$) _______ _______ it is do%btf%l if we co%ld co%ld &rod%ce better bows bows and arrows than those those that (1) _______ the armies of the &ast. The arrow was the first tr%e wea&on ca&able of maintaining direction over considerable (1*) _______. #t was to be cent%ries before man himself himself co%ld co%ld fly. fly. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . . 0. . . . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. val%e 7. &%rs%ed 7. event 7. ta"es 7. day 7. feeling 7. coming 7. eterior 7. s%itable 7. involved 7. &rod%ced 7. last 7. materials 7. r%ined 7. lengths
3. a&&rove 3. followed %& 3. act 3. moves 3. instant 3. enco%ragement 3. growing 3. o%tside 3. fitting 3. meant 3. imagined 3. final 3. s%bstances 3. e&loded 3. distances 130
'. %nderstand '. chased '. action '. leads '. ho%r '. %rge '. arriving '. o%tdoor '. related '. told '. invented '. latest '. matters '. s&oiled '. areas
. reali!e . h%nted for . deed . brings . moment . emotion . a&&earing . eternal . chosen . showed . &lanned . older . so%rces . destroyed . etents
THE LANGUAGE OF TEARS
The ability to wee& is a %ni>%ely h%man form of emotional res&onse. 5ome scientists have s%ggested that h%man tears are evidence of an a>%atic &ast P b%t this this do does es no nott seem seem very very li"e li"ely ly.. We cry cry from from the the mo mome ment nt we ente enterr this this (1) (1) _______, _______, for a n%mber of reasons. el&less babies cry to (2) _______ _______ their &arents that they are ill, h%ngry or %ncomfortable. %ncomfortable. 7s they ($) _______ they will also cry @%st to attract &arental attention and will often sto& when they get it. The idea that () _______ a good cry can do yo% (*) _______ is a very old one and now it has scientific (-) _______ since recent research into tears has shown that they () _______ a nat%ral &ain"iller called en"a&halin. 3y (0) _______ sorrow and &ain this chemical hel&s yo% to feel better. Wee&ing can increase the >%antities of en"a&halin yo% () _______. Cnfort%nately, in o%r society we im&ose restrictions %&on this nat%rally (16) _______ _______ activity. activity. 3eca%se some &eo&le still regard it as a (11) (11) _______ of wea"ness in men, boys in &artic%lar are admonished when they cry. This "ind of re&ression can only increase stress, both emotionally and &hysically. Tears Tears of emotion also hel& the body (12) _______ itself of toic chemical (1$) _______, _______, for there is more &rotein in them than in tears res%lting res%lting from cold cold winds or other other irrita irritant nts. s. 'ryin 'rying g comfo comforts rts,, calms calms and can be very very en@oy en@oyabl ablee / (1) (1) _______ _______ the &o&%larity &o&%larity of the highly emotional emotional films which are commonly commonly (1*) _______ _______ Gwee&iesH. #t seems that &eo&le en@oy crying together together almost as m%ch as la%ghing together. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. world 7. inform 7. evolve 7. doing 7. good 7. tr%th 7. hold 7. str%ggling 7. constr%ct 7. c%ring 7. sign
3. &lace 3. comm%nicate 3. develo& 3. ma"ing 3. fine 3. validity 3. retain 3. fighting 3. achieve 3. treating 3. symbol
'. earth '. &ers%ade '. alter '. getting '. better '. reality '. contain '. o&&osing '. &rovide '. healing '. feat%re
. s&ace . demonstrate . change . having . well . reason . "ee& . stri"ing . &rod%ce . im&roving . hint
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. release 7. r%bbish 7. disting%ish 7. named
3. rid 3. remains 3. remar" 3. entitled
'. loosen '. leftovers '. consider '. s%btitled
. e&el . waste . regard . called
131 RI!ING FROM BEI"ING TO PARIS
G4very @o%rney begins with a single ste&.H We might might (1) _______ _______ this &roverb for the 1-,666 "m 3ei@ing to ?aris car rally, rally, and say that every rally begins with a (2) _______ of the wheel. +rom 'hina, several h%ndred co%rageo%s men and women will ($) _______ o%t for ?aris in &%rs%it of what, for many, is li"ely to &rove an im&ossible im&ossible () _______. _______. 4verybody 4verybody is &re&ared for the worst and e&ects a high dro&/o%t (*) _______, es&ecially on the rally:s diffic%lt first (-) _______ _______ across central 'hina and over the high mo%ntain mo%ntain () _______ _______ of the imalayas. G#f twenty/five cars (0) _______ it to ?aris, we:ll be doing well,H says ?hili& Bo%ng, Bo%ng, the rally organiser. Now &lanned as an ann%al event, the first 3ei@ing/?aris 3ei@ing/?aris car rally too" &lace in 16. #t was won by ?rince 3orghese, an #talian advent%rer, who crossed the () _______ _______ line @%st a few metres (16) (16) _______ of of the only other car car to com&lete the race. Nowadays, not many &eo&le "now abo%t ?rince 3orghese, b%t at the time his achievement was (11) _______ as com&arable to that of arco ?olo, who trav/ elled from enice to 'hina in the thirteenth cent%ry. 7ccording to the (12) _______, all the cars in the rally m%st be more than thirty years old, which means that the (1$) _______ roads and high altit%de are a (1) _______ test of both the cars and the drivers. 7 sense of advent%re is essential. 8ne driver said, G8%r (1*) _______ is to have a good time, en@oy the e&erience and the magnificent scenery / and the advent%re of a lifetime.H 1. 2. $. . *.
7. ada&t 7, revol%tion 7. head 7. vision 7. fre>%ency
3. moderate 3. t%rn 3. move 3. dream 3. n%mber
'. im&rove '. rotation '. try '. ho&e '. s&eed
. form . circle . set . fantasy . rate
-. , 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. stage 7. crossings 7. ma"e 7. closing 7. forward 7. referred 7. orders 7. ro%gh 7. firm 7. target
3. ro%nd 3. directions 3. ta"e 3. final 3. front 3. regarded 3. c%stoms 3. %ndevelo&ed 3. strict 3. aim
'. time '. &asses '. get '. finishing '. advance '. tho%ght '. laws '. bro"en '. severe '. &ro&osal
. &eriod . &assages . have . ending . ahead . noted . r%les . cr%de . grave . intent
132 AN ALTERNATI!E IET
Darao"e enth%siasts can now en@oy their sometimes nervo%s &erformances safe in the "no "nowled wledge ge that they are at (1) ___ _______ ____ losing losing some weight. weight. Than"s Than"s to To"yo/based a@ichi"osho, which sells and (2) _______ o%t "arao"e e>%i&ment, "arao"e machines can now ($) _______ how many calories the singer has b%rnt whil whilee sing singin ing g the the so song ng.. () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ 6 6,6 ,666 66 %s %ser erss of its its "ara "arao" o"ee so song ng// broadcasting broadcasting service (*) _______ _______ Fa&an have now (-) _______ _______ %& for the com&any:s GDarao"e dietH. 5%ch factors as the vol%me and &itch of the singer:s voice and the tem&o and length of the song were () _______ into consideration before assigning calorie b%rning val%es to more than 1,666 favo%rite t%nes. G(0) _______, _______, the longer and live liveli lier er on onee sing sings, s, the the () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ calo calori ries es are are b% b%rn rned ed,H ,H said said a com& com&an any y s&o"esman. (16) _______ to aiichi"osho, the 3eatles G=et #t 3eH b%rns %& 11. "cal; b%t for those (11) _______ _______ in shedding a little more weight a rendition of +ran" 5ina / tra:s classic Gy WayH will (12) _______ in the loss of 1*.- "cal. 7n average man will b%rn %& a&&roimately 01 "cal (1$) _______ a ten/min%te wal", s%ggesting that "arao"e may not be the ideal weight loss &rogramme. #n fact, ind%lging in "arao"e (literally Gem&ty orchestraH) can be co%nter/ &rod%ctive &rod%ctive to any diet as the singing of s%ch songs songs %s%ally (1) _______ _______ a drin" / ca%sing the singer to (1*) _______ bac" on the same calories they may have @%st
lost. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. same 7. borrows 7. wor" o%t 7. 5everal 7. for 7. gone 7. ta"en 7. #ncreasingly 7. fast 7. Eegarding 7. enth%siastic 7. res%lt 7. %ntil 7. re>%ires 7. bring
3. least 3. hands 3. come across 3. 8ver 3. thro%gh 3. ta"en 3. bro%ght 3. eliberately 3. more 3. 'oncerning 3. concerned 3. ca%se 3. while 3. re>%ests 3. &lace
', time '. hires '. &%t down '. any '. by '. signed '. held '. #ntentionally '. many '. 7ccording '. "een '. lead '. meanwhile '. as"s for '. &%t
. all . s&ends . t%rn %& . ario%s . thro%gho%t . registered . &%t . Nat%rally . harder . 3elieving . interested . &rovide . d%ring . wants . get
133 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
9?5, or 9lobal ?ositioning ?ositioning 5ystem, is a remar"able (1) _______. Csing a sim/ sim / &le receiver, it is now &ossible &ossible to "now yo%r eact (2) _______ on 4arth at the / &ress of a b%tton, &ossibly &ossibly ma"ing the the sim&le ma& and com&ass com&ass ($) _______. _______. The () _______ of 9?5 was develo&ed by the C5 military and the system was set (*) _______ by them. #t is (-) _______ on a networ" of 2 satellites in orbit aro%nd the 4arth. Csing radio signals, the hand/held receiver calc%lates the () _______ to the satellites and is then able to fig%re (0) _______ where the %ser is to () _______ a few metres. There are (16) _______ &ractical a&&lications of this system. +or eam&le, it was %sed d%ring (11) _______ of the 'hannel T%nnel, connecting 4ngland to +rance, to (12) _______ s%re that the two ends of the t%nnel met in the middle. 'ar com&anies are c%rrently (1$) _______ ways of incl%ding 9?5 (1) _______ in every car, so (1*) _______ whether to t%rn right or left at the net @%nction co%ld soon be a thing of the &ast. 1. 2.
7. a&&liance 7. &oint
3. discovery 3. location
'. invention '. region
. sol%tion . destination
$. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. obsolete 7. tho%ght 7. off 7. held 7. length 7. off 7. among 7. %nco%ntable 7. constr%ction 7. do 7. &redicting 7. e>%i&ment 7. declaring
3. classic 3. ideal 3. %& 3. fied 3. line 3. %& 3. within 3. grand 3. installation 3. have 3. researching 3. a&&liances 3. do%bting
'. traditional '. image '. in '. ta"en '. distance '. on '. between '. massive '. sha&ing '. ma"e '. estimating '. tools '. wondering
. old . conce&t . over . based . si!e . o%t . aro%nd . n%mero%s . man%fact%re . ta"e . e&erimenting . gadgets . "nowing
134 MONEY IN SPORT
Today, the distinction between the &rofessional and the (1) _______ is &%rely a matter of s&orting s%ccess. ost (2) _______ start their careers by winning com/ &etitions for non&rofessionals non&rofessionals before deciding to ($) _______ themselves to their chosen s&ort owever, for a long time it %sed to be believed that getting &aid for a s&ort s&orting ing () () ___ _____ ____ __ destro destroyed yed the the ancien ancientt 8lym& 8lym&ic ic (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ 6f &eo&l &eo&lee sim&ly trying to do their best for the love of the s&ort. #n fact even (-) _______ in ancient 8lym&ic () _______ were able to ma"e large amo%nts of money from winning. 7t the games themselves, only a la%rel wreath (0) _______ to the winner, b%t bac" in his ) _______ town he co%ld become very rich. rich. %ring most of the 26th cent%ry, &rofessionals were (16) _______ from enter/ ing the 8lym&ics. This gave the wealthy an advantage (11) _______ they co%ld afford to train and com&ete witho%t needing to earn money. #n 100, the #8' (whi (which ch (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ #nte #ntern rnat atio iona nall 8lym 8lym&i &icc 'omm 'ommit itte tee) e) deci decide ded d to allo allow w &rofessionals &rofessionals to ta"e(1$) _______ in the 8lym&ics. 8nly boing and football football still re/strict the (1) _______ of &rofessionals allowed to com&ete. 3oing does not allow &rofessionals at all, while 8lym&ics football teams are allowed %& to three &rofessionals &rofessionals (1*) (1*) _______ _______ the side. side.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. cham&ion 7. athletes 7. concentrate 7. action 7. s%ggestion 7. &layers 7. sessions 7. awarded 7. birth 7. &revented 7. b%t 7. stand 7. &lace 7. amo%nt 7. into
3. %m&ire 3. rivals 3. foc%s 3. &erformance 3. tho%ght 3. &artici&ants 3. acts 3. earned 3. native 3. disallowed 3. des&ite 3. ta"es 3. acco%nt 3. n%mber 3. at
'. amate%r '. r%nners %& '. devote '. activity '. belief '. members '. &lays '. gained '. original '. ref%sed '. since '. means '. &art '. degree '. to
. vol%nteer . o&&onents . aim . recreation . ideal . attendants . events . rewarded . home . denied . altho%gh . goes . sides . >%antity . on
135 INTERNET BUSINESS
#n the mid to late 16s, tho%sands of new com&anies were (1) _______ %& with one &%r&oseK to (2) _______ from the e&losion of interest in the #nternet. =arge cor&orations were ha&&y to ($) _______ millions in the weirdest website ideas, confident that they wo%ld ma"e a () _______ overtime. ost of them didn:t. #ndeed, the vast (*) _______ of them have gone (-) _______, leaving their investors severely o%t of &oc"et. 5o what went wrong< The main mista"e that com&anies () _______ was to forget to as" how their dot com com&any (as #nternet based com&anies are sometimes called) wo%ld ac/ t%ally ma"e a (0) _______. #t so%nds fairly obvio%s now, b%t in the r%sh to Gget on the NetH, the whole conce&t was () _______. There was also a second &roblem which dot corns did not (16) _______. Bes, #nternet traffic was (11) _______ enormo%sly, b%t &eo&le still felt %ncomfortable many still do, in fact abo%t b%ying &rod%cts and services online. 4ven if the dot corns had (12) _______ sensible b%siness ideas, ideas, it:s it:s %nli"ely %nli"ely they wo%ld wo%ld have bro%ght bro%ght in eno%gh eno%gh to cover cover their (1$) (1$) _______ _______ investment. investment. There were some (1) _______, of co%rse. 5ome com&anies have been h%gely s%ccessf%l on the #nternet. ost, however, fo%nd it wasn:t as easy to (1*) _______ an #nternet b%siness as they:d tho%ght. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. held 7. achieve 7. invest 7. &ros&erity 7. amo%nt 7. r%ined 7. did 7. &rofit 7. overseen 7. hesitate 7. raising 7. wor"ed o%t 7. novel 7. endings
3. set 3. ac>%ire 3. add 3. wealth 3. ma@ority 3. smashed 3. made 3. salary 3. %nobserved 3. regard 3. increasing 3. bro%ght o%t 3. a%thentic 3. differences
'. got '. benefit '. &ay '. treas%re '. load '. bro"en '. had '. commission '. reviewed '. antici&ate '. im&roving '. come into '. initial '. ecl%sions
. let . obtain . throw . fort%ne . lot . b%st . too" . royalty . overloo"ed . maintain . etending . made %& . innovative . ece&tions
1*.
7. r%n
3. r%le
'. govern
. s%&ervise
136 GUILTY OR NOT GUILTY%
#n many legal (1) _______ aro%nd the world, the defendant is (2) _______ to be innocent %ntil &roven g%ilty. g%ilty. This means in ($) _______ _______ that it is not () _______ _______ to the defendant:s defendant:s lawyers to &rove that the defendant did not commit the crime he or she is (*) _______ of. Eather, it is the res&onsibility of the (-) _______ _______ to &rove beyond a reasonable do%bt that the defendant did () _______ the law. 3%t what does the &hrase Gbeyond a reasonable do%btH mean in (0) _______< #t means that, altho%gh there may not be absol%te () _______ s%ch as a video, that the defendant committed the crime, the @%dge or (16) _______ after having eamined all the (11) _______, are certain that the &erson is g%ilty. #f they are not certain, or, in (12) _______ words, if they believe there is a reasonable do%bt, they m%st find the defendant Gnot g%iltyH. #n 3ritish (1$) _______, _______, defendants are never (1) _______ innocent. The only &ossible (1*) _______ are Gg%iltyH or Gnot g%iltyH. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. str%ct%res 7. as"ed 7. effect 7. abo%t 7. blamed 7. &ersec%tion 7. brea" 7. favo%r 7. observation 7. a%dience .7. evidence 7. differing 7. ehibitions 7. declared 7. concl%sions
3. arrangements 3. considered 3. agreement 3. over 3. acc%sed 3. &rescri&tion 3. abandon 3. front 3. &roof 3. team 3. hints 3. more 3. instit%tions 3. mentioned 3. verdicts
'. constr%ctions '. "nown '. relation '. %& '. charged '. &ers%asion '. commit '. &rison '. sign '. @%ry '. confirmation '. other '. co%ncils '. s&o"en '. decisions
137
. systems . ho&ed . terms . ro%nd . arrested . &rosec%tion . cheat . &ractice . demonstration . collective . warnings . these . co%rts . stated . effects
AN UNERWATER SWIM
# have always wanted to swim the 4nglish 'hannel %nderwater and as a former for mer 8lym&ic gold medallist # (1) _______ that # have the training to attem&t (2) _______ _______ a swim. The 'hannel is, # s%&&ose, the o%nt 4verest of the swimming swimming world ($) _______ to do it %nderwater will be an even greater () _______ for me. 7ltho%gh many swimmers have (*) _______ the 'hannel, it will be the first time that a former 8lym&ic gold medallist has ever done it. # am (-) _______ to do it in si to eight ho%rs. # want to () _______ money for a n%mber of new charities and # am es&ecially (0) _______ on the charities that &rotect the world:s seas. # will be swimming () _______ the 'hannel in the s%mmer. #n (16) _______ to (11) _______ _______ this o%t # have to follow a strict eercise &rogramme. &rogramme. 7 %s%al training session for me wo%ld (12) _______ of thirty min%tes in the weight room, thirty min%tes doing different different eercises and then three ho%rs: straight swimming. swimming. # have to be (1$) _______ of my diet so that it is a healthy and balanced one. # will (1) _______ _______ ready to set a record in something something that has never been (1*) _______ _______ before and which someone someone will have diffic%lty diffic%lty in brea"ing. brea"ing. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7 feel 7 >%ite 7 and 7. &ri!e 7 moved 7. forming 7 give 7. in favo%r 7. across 7. time 7. c%t 7. consist 7. ca&able 7. have 7. given
3. regard 3. s%ch 3. b%t 3. wor" 3. &assed 3. willing 3. raise 3. interested 3. thro%gh 3. res&ect 3. carry 3. s&end 3. acc%stomed 3. be 3. made
'. sense '. rather '. as well as '. d%ty '. crossed '. agreeing '. save '. thin"ing '. over '. order '. clear '. amo%nt '. enth%siastic '. do '. done
138 A GREAT SUPPORTER
. &ro&ose . so . beca%se . achievement . r%n . ho&ing . contrib%te . "een . along . regard . chec" . have . conscio%s . try . "e&t
Fim 5to&ford is a man who can hardly read or write, b%t tal"s with a great deal (1) _______ feeling for something that he has (2) _______ his life to. e gives tal"s to a ($) _______ n%mber n%mber of children every year on li!ards, sna"es, tortoises, tortoises, t%rtles and () _______ crocodiles so that they can %nderstand what a(n) (*) _______ _______ &art, of the animal world this s&ecies is. e has set (-) _______ _______ a free resc%e service where trained &eo&le are ready to () _______ anyone who has been bitten by a sna"e, a good n%mber of &eo&le have also been trained to catch &oisono%s &oisono%s sna"es. Fim, who (0) _______ in 5ydney, goes goes to many schools giving tal"s and showing the children his sna"es. e () _______ the sna"es: habitat, what they eat and how they move. e is now &reå a boo" (16) _______ this s%b@ect. e believes that sna"es sho%ld be (11) _______ beca%se they are dying o%t. e (12) _______ believes that if sna"es are (1$) _______ alone they will not harm anyone. (1) _______ 7%stralia has the greatest n%mber of &oisono%s sna"es on the &lanet, he has always (1*) _______ &eo&le to be caref%l when they see one. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. abo%t 7. ta"en 7. many 7. s%rely 7. %s%al 7. %& 7. &rovide 7. lives 7. draws 7. on 7. cared 7. a&art from 7. left 7. While 7. claimed
3. off 3. given 3. lot 3. even 3. &ro&er 3. abo%t 3. give 3. stays 3. shows 3. of 3. &rotected 3. besides 3. %ndist%rbed 3. 5ince 3. s%ggested
'. with '. seen '. m%ch '. %ndo%btedly '. im&ortant '. o%t '. organise '. settles '. describes '. by '. g%aranteed '. too '. de&arted '. 7ltho%gh '. advised
. of . s&ent . large . &robably . s&ecific . off . hel& . remains . tells . for . favo%red . also . moved . es&ite . e&lainec
139 LA#E MALAWI
When avid =ivingstone arrived in this &art of 7frica in the 10*6s he as"ed the name of the great stretch of (1) _______ water. e was told it was called
GnyasaH, which means Gla"eH. 5o the la"e became (2) _______ as =a"e Nyasa (=a"e =a"e) and the co%ntry as Nyasaland. When the co%ntry became inde&end/ ent in 1- the new Ee&%blic chose the name of alawi. =a"e alawi ($) _______ _______ nearly 2,666 s>%are "ilometres , abo%t one/fifth of the total () _______ of the Ee&%blic of alawi. The la"e (*) _______ $ metres above sea (-) _______ in the dee& valley which stretches the length of the co%ntry. Wide grassy &lains () _______ the valley on both sides and the (0) _______ _______ ro%nd the la"e is s&ectac%lar. s&ectac%lar. The water is fresh and there there are no tides or c%rrents. The la"e contains over 226 varieties of fish, the () _______ of which are not fo%nd anywhere else in the world. There are also crocodiles, b%t these generally "ee& away from (16) _______ areas. =a"e alawi has a constantly changing character (11) _______ on the time of the day, the the weather and the (12) _______. _______. 8ne moment the water may be as (1$) _______ _______ as sil" and then s%ddenly s%ddenly waves seven metres high can beat against the (1) _______. #t is generally calmest from arch to ay, and the tem&erat%re never (1*) _______ below 21U'. The area has a &artic%larly low ann%al rainfall. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. inner 7. "nown 7. contains 7. district 7. eists 7. height 7. overloo" 7. environment 7. chief 7. inhabited 7. based 7. occasion 7. even 7. ban"s 7. dro&s
3. inland 3. considered 3. crosses 3. territory 3. lays 3. &osition 3. overflow 3. vision 3. rest 3. lived 3. de&ending 3. &eriod 3. flat 3. borders 3. de&resses
'. interior '. called '. covers '. region '. rests '. level '. overcome '. sight '. ma@ority '. lodged '. co%nting '. term '. smooth '. coasts '. decreases 140
AN ACTING CAREER
. internal . named . incl%des . state . lies . s%rface . overta"e . scenery . whole . occ%&ied . determined . season . steady . shores . lowers
y yo%nger sister is a &otential star of stage and screen, or at least that:s what she tells me. =ast wee" she had an (1) _______. #t was for the (2) _______ of F%liet in 5ha"es&eare:s Eomeo and F%liet. #t went well and she starts ($) _______ net wee". This is the first () _______ that she has been in, b%t she:s done >%ite a lot of T (*) _______ wor" and she:s also been in a co%&le of films. The last film she was in was called The agician. #t was set in ancient 4gy&t and she was in a crowd (-) _______ with tho%sands of other &eo&le. When # went to see it # sat in the front () _______ so that # co%ld see the (0) _______ really clearly, b%t # still co%ldn:t &ic" o%t my sister in the crowd. 5he says the () _______ was one of the best &rofessionals she has wor"ed with b%t # m%st say the (16) _______ seemed a bit st%&id to me. #t was all (11) _______ a very clever magician who had managed to travel bac" thro%gh time to the co%rt of T%tan"hamen. The (12) _______ _______ were magnificent and so were some of the sets b%t having an actor saying (1$) _______ in &resent day 7merican 4nglish @%st didn:t wor". The (1) _______ _______ was really ridic%lo%s. ridic%lo%s. The magician got accidentally b%ried with T%tan"hamen. +%nnily eno%gh, the rest of the (1*) _______ seemed to have rather en@oyed the film. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. a%dition 7. @ob 7. rehearsals 7. game 7. &%blicity 7. scenery 7. row 7. board 7. cond%ctor 7. &lot 7. on 7. dressings 7. scri&ts 7. final 7. &%blic
3. interview 3. &osition 3. &ractices 3. activity 3. advertising 3. view 3. >%e%e 3. c%rtain 3. director 3. arg%ment 3. over 3. cloths 3. lines 3. c%lmination 3. a%dience
'. trial '. &art '. eercises '. theatre '. &ro&aganda '. scene '. file '. blind '. chief '. dialog%e '. abo%t '. c%stoms '. &lays '. ending '. s&ectators 141
. test . &ost . training sessions . &lay . dis&lay . s&ot . line . screen . master . letters . concerning . cost%mes . readings . end . viewers
A YOUNG BUSINESSMAN
7ltho%gh he is only 12, Fames arries has his own anti>%es b%siness and a flower sho&. GFames has a good eye for a ,(1) _______ says his mother. Ge was only 0 when he bo%ght that for *&.H 5he &oints to a china stat%ette (2) _______ I,666. GFames gets most of his ($) _______ of anti>%es from @%mble sales. =ast year he bo%ght a nec"lace for 16& which t%rned () _______ to be (*) _______. e sold it for I0,666.H Fames didn:t (-) _______ on at school so his &arents () _______ a &rivate t%tor, G8ther children thin" # am strange beca%se # (0) _______ my own living and # don:t want to () _______ in their games.H Fames e&lains the s%ccess of his flower sho&K Gy &rices have (16) _______ less than those of my com&etitors this year. 7lso #:ve got a s&ecial offer for wed/ ding &arties. # give them a Eolls/Eoyce for the day if they s&end more than I166 on flowers. y em&loyees don:t &artic%larly li"e wor"ing for a 12/year/old, 12/year/old, b%t # &ay their (11) (11) _______ _______ so they can:t com&lainAH com&lainAH With With his high (12) _______, _______, Fames co%ld (1$) _______ many l%%ries, b%t he &refers to save his money. G# (1) _______ _______ as m%ch as # can. 1 have a lot of &lans for the f%t%re and # will need to be rich to (1*) _______ them o%t.H 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. red%ction 7. worth 7. &ro&erty 7. down 7. e&ensive 7. catch 7. ado&ted 7. earn 7. brea" 7. risen 7. fees 7. income 7. &ay 7. co%nt %& 7. ma"e
3. bon%s 3. on behalf of 3. variety 3. o%t 3. rich 3. get 3. bo%ght 3. gain 3. bring 3. lifted 3. wages 3. ca&ital 3. invest 3. &%t aside 3. draw
'. disco%nt '. over '. store '. %& '. worthwhile '. hang '. hired '. have '. @oin '. raised '. ti&s '. credit '. afford '. "ee& bac" '. carry
. bargain . on acco%nt of . stoc" . into . val%able . hold . rented . win , call . grown . rewards . benefit . s&end . sort o%t . &ic"
142 THE LIFE L IFE OF A COUNTRY !ET
on 5trange, who wor"s as a vet in northern 4ngland leads a b%sy life. 7s well as having to (1) _______ &ets which are %nwell, he often visits farms where &roblems of vario%s "inds (2) _______ _______ him. e has lost ($) _______ _______ of the n%mber or times he has been called o%t at midnight to give () _______ to a farmer with sic" shee& or cows. Eece Eecen ntly, ly, a telev elevis isiion com com&any any cho chose on on as the the (*) _______ of a doc%mentary &rogramme it was (-) _______ abo%t the life of a co%ntry vet. The &rogramme &rogramme showed the diffic%lt diffic%lt sit%ations on () _______ _______ every day, s%ch as hel&ing a cow to give birth, or winning the tr%st of an aggressive dog which needs an in@ection. Not all of on:s &atents are domestic animals, (0) _______, and in the &rogramme &eo&le saw him hel&ing an owl which had a damaged wing. #t also showed on () _______ a meeting with villagers concerned abo%t the damage a new road might do to their (16) _______ environment. (11) (11) _______ loved the doc%mentary and, overnight, overnight, on became a ho%sehold (12) _______ "nown to millions of &eo&le. e contin%es to receive (1$) _______ n%mbers of letters which made a real (1) _______ on him, es&ecially those from teenagers who have made the im&ortant decision to become vets themselves as a (1*) _______ of seeing the &rogramme. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. deal 7. a&&eal 7. co%nt 7. s%ggestion 7. feat%re 7. doing 7. greets 7. altho%gh 7. holding 7. nearby 7. 8nloo"ers 7. name 7. great 7. effect
3. fi 3. e&ect 3. memory 3. warning 3. s%b@ect 3. getting 3. faces 3. therefore 3. "ee&ing 3. local 3. Watchers 3. word 3. wide 3. im&ression
'. treat '. demand '. score '. advice '. case '. giving '. co&es '. yet '. carrying '. area '. 5&ectators '. fame '. large '. emotion
. solve . await . &atience . recommendation . character . ma"ing . stands . however . ta"ing . close . iewers ?. star . long . infl%ence
1*.
7. res&onse
3. &rod%ct
'. res%lt
. &rofit
143
y wife ?enny and # are recovering from wee"end visitors. on:t mis%nder/ stand me / we en@oy com&any and love to (1) _______ o%r friends and relatives. 3%t not this time. +red and Date were old friends from o%r college (2) _______ 5o yo% wo%ld thin" we wo%ld have a fairly ($) _______ idea what sort of &eo&le they were, even tho%gh we hadn:t seen them for () _______ years. We soon soon discov discovere ered, d, %n %nfo fort% rt%nat nately ely that that o% o%rr lives lives had (*) (*) ___ _____ ____ __ very very different directions. ?enny and # have two small children. elightf%l b%t (-) _______, _______, they dictate dictate the style style of o%r life. life. () _______ _______ many other yo%ng co%&les, co%&les, we find wee"ends are a matter of trying to snatch a few moments of relaation in between catching catching %& with all the (0) (0) _______. _______. Date and +red () _______ more money than %s, they wor" longer ho%rs, and they (16) _______ their leis%re time to be @%st that, leis%re. The (11) _______ tiring thing +red does on a 5%nday is to wal" %& the road to the (12) _______ newsagent. To be (1$) _______, Date wasn:t as bad as +red. 3%t she wasn:t m%ch better. 3y the time they left, ?enny and # were eha%sted. We:d coo"ed, served and cleared %& si meals witho%t a (1) _______ offer of hel&. We didn:t "now whether to la%gh or cry. =%c"ily we (1*) _______ to la%gh. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. receive 7. terms 7. fine 7. n%mero%s 7. chosen 7. tiring 7. 7s 7. ho%sewor" 7. gain 7. intend 7. more 7. local 7. tr%e
3. visit 3. ages 3. good 3, &lenty 3. left L 3. tired 3. =i"e 3. ho%se"ee&ing 3. earn 3. insist 3. very 3. neighbo%ring 3. fair
'. entertain '. times '. strong '. &assing '. ta"en '. am%sed '. 5imilar '. ho%sehold '. fetch '. e&ect '. almost '. near '. real
. host . days . right . several . had . am%sing . 5ame . homewor" . bring . rely . most . district . straight
1. 1*.
7. lonely 7. managed
3. %ni>%e 3. s%cceeded
'. alone '. reached
. single . achieved
144 BALLOON A!ENTURE
3rian Fones is the 3ritish half of the first team to go ro%nd the world in a bal/ loon. e and his 5wiss co/&ilot have written an acco%nt of the 1/day e&edition they (1) _______ in arch 1. #t was an astonishing tri%m&h. Nobody (2) _______ _______ them to finish the voyage. They ($) _______ _______ with &oisono%s &oisono%s f%mes, tem&er tem&erat% at%res res of min%s min%s *6 degree degreess 'elsi% 'elsi%ss and an 7tlan 7tlantic tic cross crossin ing g with with () () _______ _______ any f%el. +o%rteen years (*) _______, 3rian was a reasonably s%ccessf%l b%sinessman, (-) _______ he tired of his f%rnit%re b%siness and () _______ to b%y a balloon. 3efore long he was one of the co%ntry:s (0) _______ balloon instr%ctors and &ilots. Why did he ris" everything for one tri&< e says he was not a very confident childK G7t seven a friend () _______ me to go down a water slide. # still (16) _______ being absol%tely terrified. # co%ldn:t swim and # have never learn learntt to sw swim im &ro&e &ro&erl rly y.H e thin" thin"ss everyo everyone ne sho% sho%ld ld face face their their great greatest est (11) (11) _______ _______ and that is one reason why he went %& in the balloon. 5i of the 1 days they were (12) _______ the air were s&ent (1$) _______ at the ?acific 8cean / 0,666 miles of water. 3rian says he won:t (1) _______ to do it again beca%se there are so many other things he (1*) _______ to do. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. com&leted 7. admitted 7. &%t %& 7. almost 7. after 7. so 7. tho%ght 7. %ni>%e 7. demanded 7. forget 7. fears 7. on
3. s%cceeded 3. ho&ed 3. got along 3 hardly 3. since 3. altho%gh 3. decided 3. &referable 3. threatened 3. remember 3. s%s&icions 3. to
'. &erformed '. intended '. "e&t %& '. >%ite '. ago '. since '. afforded '. s%itable '. dared '. remind '. dist%rbances '. by
. followed . e&ected . did away . rather . &ast . b%t . considered . leading . wished . regret . frights . in
1$. 1. 1*.
7. watching 7. attem&t 7. fancies
3. observing 3. imagine 3. wants
'. staring '. delay '. en@oys
. seeing . s%ggest . a&&reciates
145 THE EARLY RAILWAY IN BRITAIN
#n 10$6, there were %nder 166 miles of &%blic railway in 3ritain. Bet within 26 years, this fig%re had grown to more than *,666 miles. 3y the end of the cent%ry, almost eno%gh rail trac" to (1) _______ the world covered this small island, (2) _______ _______ the nat%re of travel for ever and contrib%ting contrib%ting to the ind%strial ind%strial revol%tion that changed the ($) _______ of history in many &arts of the world. Wherever railways were introd%ced, economic and social &rogress >%ic"ly () _______ _______ . #n a single day, rail &assengers co%ld travel h%ndreds h%ndreds of miles, (*) _______ _______ &revio%s @o%rney @o%rney times by h%ge h%ge margins and bringing bringing ra&id ra&id travel within the (-) _______ of ordinary &eo&le. ?revio%sly, many &eo&le had never vent%red () _______ the o%ts"irts of their towns and villages. The railway bro%ght them (0) _______ freedom and enlightenment. #n the 1th cent%ry, the railway in 3ritain () _______ something more than @%st the b%siness of carrying goods and &assengers. &assengers. Trains Trains were associated with romance, advent%re and, fre>%ently, (16) _______ l%%ry. The great steam loco/ moti mo tive vess that that th%n th%nde dere red d acro across ss the the land land were were the the @et @et airl airlin iner erss of thei theirr (11 (11) _______ _______ , carrying &assengers &assengers in comfort over vast distances in %nimaginably %nimaginably short times. 3%t the railways (12) _______ more than revol%tionise travel; they also (1$) _______ a distinctive and &ermanent mar" on the 3ritish landsca&e. Whole towns and ind%strial centres (1) _______ %& aro%nd ma@or rail @%nctions, mon% mo n%men mental tal brid bridges ges and viad% viad%cts cts cross crossed ed river riverss and valle valleys ys and the the railwa railway y stations themselves became (1*) _______ &laces to s&end time between @o%rneys. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. revolve 7. ada&ting 7. co%rse 7. &%rs%ed 7. c%tting
3. enclose 3. amending 3. way 3. followed 3. s%btracting
'. orbit '. altering '. line '. s%cceeded '. cancelling
. encircle . ad@%sting . ro%te . chased . abolishing
-. . 5. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. ca&acity 7. f%rther 7. larger 7. re&resented 7. genero%s 7. date 7. ca%sed 7. laid 7. @%m&ed 7. &referable
3, reach 3. over 3. higher 3. f%nctioned 3. considerable 3. stage 3. t%rned 3. set 3. stood 3. desirable
'. facility '. above '. greater '. served '. &lentif%l '. day '. &rod%ced '. left '. b%rst '. li"ed
. hold . beyond . bigger . &erformed . si!eable . &hase . did . settled . s&rang . wanted
146 WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHE
5tories abo%t how &eo&le somehow "now when they are being watched have been going aro%nd for years. owever, few attem&ts have been made to investi/ gate the &henomenon scientifically. Now, with the com&letion of the largest ever st%dy of the so/called staring effect, there is im&ressive evidence that this is a recognisable and (1) _______ sith sense. The st%dy (2) _______ h%ndreds of children. +or the e&eriments, they sat with their eyes ($) _______ so they co%ld not see, and with their bac"s to other children, who were told to either stare at them or loo" away. Time Time and time again the res%lts showed that the children who co%ld not see were able to () _______ when they were being stared at. #n a (*) _______ _______ of more than 10,666 trials (-) _______ _______ worldwide, worldwide, the children () _______ _______ sensed when they were being watched almost 6 of the time. The e&eriment was re&eated with the (0) _______ &reca%tion of &%tting the children who were being watched o%tside the room, () _______ from the starers by the windows. This was done @%st in case there was some (16) _______ going on with the childr children en tellin telling g each each other other whethe whetherr they they were were loo" loo"ing ing or not. not. Th This is (11) (11) _______ _______ the &ossibility of so%nds being (12) _______ _______ between the children. The res%lts, tho%gh less im&ressive, were more or less the same. r 5heldra"e, the biologist biologist who designed the st%dy, st%dy, believes that the res%lts are (1$) _______ _______ eno%gh to find o%t thro%gh f%rther e&eriments (1) _______ how the staring effect might act%ally (1*) _______.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. gen%ine 7. com&rised 7. shaded 7. find 7. s%m 7. wor"ed over 7. thoro%ghly 7. added 7. &arted 7. &retending 7. &revented 7. delivered 7. satisfying 7, &recisely 7. set o%t
3. acce&ted 3. contained 3. covered 3. notice 3. collection 3. carried o%t 3. eactly 3. attached 3. se&arated 3. lying 3. omitted 3. transmitted 3. &ers%ading 3. caref%lly 3. be loo"ed at
'. received '. involved '. mas"ed '. reveal '. total '. carried on . '. correctly '. connected '. s&lit '. deceiving '. evaded '. trans&orted '. concl%ding '. definitely '. come abo%t
. s%re . enclosed , wra&&ed . tell . mass wor"ed thro%gh . &erfectly . increased . divided . cheating . ended . distrib%ted . convincing . really . be held %&
147 MARRA#ECH
Where can yo% go in Fan%ary for almost g%aranteed s%nshine / witho%t trav/ elling for most of the day to get there< The answer is arra"ech in orocco, a fo%r/ho%r (1) _______ from 3ritain, where the (2) _______ tem&erat%re is a &leasant --U+ --U+. arra"ech is a city of ($) _______ bea%ty, with its &in" b%ildings and green &alm trees contrasting contrasting with the snow/covered snow/covered () _______ _______ of the 7tlas 7tlas o%ntains in the distance. +or to%rists, there:s the added attraction of ecellent food at reasonable &rices and high >%ality accommodation, s%ch as otel =a oino%nia, (*) _______ as one of the to& hotels in the world. (-) _______ arra"ech is one of orocco:s b%siest and most modern cities, the infl%ence of the iddle 7ges is still very evident. () _______ can admire the battlements, battlements, towers and mos>%es, mos>%es, which were b%ilt (0) _______ cent%ries ago. 7nd forget abo%t sho&&ing malls / for &erf%mes, fabrics, anti>%es, s&ices and crafts, () _______ the Gso%"sH, o&en/air mar"et/&laces where yo%:ll almost (16) _______ _______ find something something to to ta"e bac" home. home. +or those who want to (11) _______ s&ort arra"ech has &lenty to offer, (12)
_______ _______ golf and tennis, there is also s"iing on the slo&es of the igh 7tlas o%ntains, o%ntains, where the (1$) _______ of the s%rro%nding s%rro%nding area are >%ite s&ectac%lar. s&ectac%lar. 7lternatively, yo% co%ld @%st rela (1) _______ a heated swimming &ool and dream (1*) _______ yo%r net visit. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. flight 7. middle 7. big 7. &ea"s 7. tho%ght 7. 7ltho%gh 7. 5&ectators 7. &lenty 7. wor" o%t 7. li"ely 7. going 7. 7s well 7. sights 7. net 7. of
3. tri& 3. average 3. high 3. hills 3. believed 3, owever 3. iewers 3. several 3. &%t %& with 3. &robably 3. &ractise 3. ore than 3. overloo"s 3. by 3. on
'. travel '. ordinary '. etremely '. heads '. regarded '. es&ite '. 5ightseers '. often '. ma"e %& for '. certainly ', &ractice '. #n addition to '. visions '. yo%rself '. with
. voyage . medi%m . great . s%rfaces . @%dged . 3eca%se . 8nloo"ers . all . head for . &ossibly . do . oreover . views . yo% . at
148 LONON - THE STUENT)S CAPITAL%
=ondon is the city which seems to draw &eo&le li"e a magnet from across the co%ntry every year, not to (1) _______ from aro%nd the world. =ondon is cool, fashionable fashionable and m%lti/c%lt%ral. m%lti/c%lt%ral. +or the (2) _______ st%dent, it is the most incredi/ incredi / ble arts, academic academic and entertainment entertainment ecca. =ondon is one of the few real st%dent ca&itals of the world. es&ite the grime, the ($) _______ costs, the tro%blesome trans&ort system and the () _______ sensation of living with eight million &eo&le, st%dents (*) _______ to the city:s %niversities. owever, rents rents are chea&, with st%dents &aying aro%nd I* a wee" for a room, in a (-) _______ ho%se. alls of () _______ are a little over this &rice / b%t of co%rse incl%de meals and (0) _______. Wor" is &lentif%l at the moment tho%gh, so a &art/time @ob sho%ld be easy ()
_______ _______ across, and and there are all sorts of grad%ate (16) (16) _______ _______ with the best (11) (11) _______ _______ of ?ay in the co%ntry. co%ntry. The =ondon instit%tions try to &lay (12) _______ the cost of (1$) _______ so as not to (1) _______ off f%t%re st%dents, b%t there is no do%bt abo%t it, =ondon costs money and yo% will be loo"ing at a si!able (1*) _______ _______ on grad%ating. grad%ating. 1. 2. $. . *. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. say 7, b%dding 7. &ea" 7. overestimated 7. stem 7. divided 7. wards 7. invoices 7. come 7. chances 7. rates 7. ti& 7. life 7. set ,7. debt
3. mention 3. bidding 3. money 3. overawed 3. wave 3. &arted 3. residence 3. costs 3. get 3. &ossibilities 3. terms 3. at 3. living 3. r%n 3. increase
'. %tter '. blooming '. high '. overloaded '. floc" '. se&arated '. dormitories '. bills '. do '. occasions '. conditions '. down '. live '. write '. balance
. incl%de . blithering . etreme . overwhelming . &o%nce . shared . accommodation . recei&ts . &%t . o&&ort%nities . means . o%t , livelihood . &%t . gain
149 NEREA E CLIFFOR
Nerea de 'lifford, 'lifford, who has died aged 02, was a do%ghty cham&ion of 3ritish cats and a &illar of The 'at ?rotection =eag%e which she (1) _______ shortly after its fo%ndation in 12 and served as &resident from the 16s %ntil the time of her death. 7mong her many (2) _______ to the welfare of cats / and to o%r "nowledge of their way / were the establishment of a sanct%ary for them at New alden, and the &%blication of s%ch re&ort as What 3ritish 'ats Thin" 7bo%t Television, in which she noted that Gmost cats ($) _______ an interest of some "ind, tho%gh it is often of hostilityH; Ga significant reaction ... is the dis&lay of ecitement when any &ict%re, es&ecially es&ecially of birds, birds, moves moves >%ic"ly across across the () () _______ _______ Nerea 4li!abeth de 'lifford 'lifford was born West est =ondon in 16*, and as a yo%ng
woman was a disting%ished (*) _______ of cats. %ring the 5econd World War she devoted herself to the resc%e of cats, tra&&ed in the r%bble of the blit!, and (-) _______ _______ to vigoro%s vigoro%s cam&aigns cam&aigns for free feline birth birth () _______. _______. 5he (0) _______ an ado&tion scheme for which her Gomes WantedH list con/ tained some notably fran" character () _______ a little fiend in feline formH; Gwilling to do light mo%se/wor" and very good at it, non/%nionH; Ga ro%gh old (16) _______ and so on / and made a (11) _______ of feeding =ondon:s cats at 'hristmas, a favo%rite re&ast a&&arently being fish and chi&s. 5he also &l%mbed the mysteries of why cats (12) _______ some beca%se they have @%st m%rdered the ?e"inese net door, others Gfor no good (1$) _______ at allH. e 'lifford was also a m%ch res&ected (1) _______ at cat shows aro%nd the co%ntry, and gave a series of lect%re to%rs at schools on the (1*) _______ and care of cats. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. met 7. donations 7. show 7. bo 7. breeder 7. therein 7. limitation 7. ran 7. &aintings 7. drifter 7. &oint 7. snore 7. &%r&ose 7. referee 7. coaching
3. enrolled 3. contrib%tions 3. give 3. screen 3. grower 3. thereafter 3. chec" 3. made 3. drawings 3. ranger 3. r%le 3. h%m 3. %se 3. @%dge 3. g%idance
'. entered '. gifts '. ma"e '. film '. trainer '. thereby '. control '. held '. &ict%res '. stray '. ro%nd '. r%mble '. reason '. arbitrator '. training
. @oined . dedications . have , view . farmer . therefore . restriction . gave . s"etches . rover . c%stom . &%rr . &oint . %m&ire . &re&aration
150 A WEING CONSULTANT
The idea for the b%siness came to me when # was (1) _______ for my own wedding in the (2) _______ 16s. 16s. 7t the time # was doing a ($) _______ in b%si/ ness st%dies at %niversity and # had () _______ diffic%lty concentrating on both
things at once. 7lmost immediately after grad%ating # borrowed some money from the ban" and (*) _______ %& the wedding cons%ltancy. y wor" (-) _______ organi!ing everything from &re/wedding &re/wedding stag and hen &arties to the boo"ing of ven%es, cater/ cater / ers, &hotogra&hers and cars. 5ome () _______ have neither the time nor the in/ clination to ma"e any of the necessary arrangements for their wedding and they as" me to ta"e (0) _______ of absol%tely everything. +or many clients # () _______ _______ the role of big sister, sister, g%iding g%iding them thro%gh the whole &rocess, giving (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ on diffe differen rentt as&ect as&ectss of the weddi wedding ng and reass reass%ri %ring ng them them that that everything is %nder control. # can be wor"ing on as (11) (11) _______ as five weddings at the same time, and as each big day a&&roaches # need to wor" very long (12) _______ to ens%re things go smoothly. Nat%rally, everyone wants their wedding to be s&ecial and nearly all want something (1$) _______. #:ve organi!ed weddings in monasteries, monasteries, weddings in castles and (1) _______ weddings on boats or trains. a"ing &eo&le:s &eo&le:s dreams come tr%e is a wonderf%l way to (1*) _______ a living. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &reå 7. first 7. career 7. im&ortant 7. got 7. involves 7. &airs 7. care 7. do 7. s%ggestion 7. several 7. time 7. %nli"e 7, @%st 7. earn
3. arranging 3. beginning 3. degree 3. large $. made 3. consists 3. co%&les 3. attention 3. ma"e 3, interest 3. many 3. day 3. single 3. %ntil 3. ta"e
'. organi!ing '. early '. title '. grand 9. set '. &retends '. do%bles '. mind '. &lay '. insight '. vario%s '. shifts '. %ni>%e '. towards '. do 151
A CALL FOR HELP
a&&ointing . soon . st%dy . considerable . formed . contains . &artnershi&s . g%ard . give . advice . n%mero%s . ho%rs . only . even . win
When a gro%& of ch%rch/goers ch%rch/goers t%rned %& for their reg%lar (1) _______ evening ch%rch service in the village of 7sh%rst last T%esday, they had no idea what was (2) _______ to ha&&en to them. ($) _______ after the service had beg%n, a s%dden () _______ of wind ca%ght the heavy ch%rch door, (*) _______ it to sh%t and loc". (-) _______ themselves tra&&ed inside witho%t a "ey, the im&risoned worshi&/ &ers %sed the ch%rch:s ch%rch:s 266 year/old year/old bells to so%nd an 585 signal, ho&ing to () _______ _______ the attention of their fellow villagers. The bells had not been r%ng for >%ite a (0) _______ of years. Date ?ic"ering, *, said afterwardsK G() _______ we all tho%ght it was >%ite am%sing, and we had a good la%gh abo%t it, b%t after a while we began to (16) _______ _______ it was not not so f%nny. f%nny. #t was act%ally act%ally >%ite (11) (11) _______.H _______.H #t was 7ng%s 3arclay, $, who (12) _______ the idea of %sing orse 'ode. e saidK GThe bells are rather heavy so we (1$) _______ t%rns to &%ll on the ro&es. We gave three long rings, followed by three short ones and then three long ones again.H Cnfort%nately, (1) _______ of the village:s 2** inhabitants %nderstood the signal. The ch%rch/goers were event%ally freed after r 3arclay (1*) _______ to climb %& to the to& of the bell tower and call for hel&. 7 &assing cyclist heard his sho%ts and contacted the &olice. 1. 2. $, . *, -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. soon 7. aro%nd 7. 4actly 7. g%st 7. ma"ing 7. 9etting 7. attract 7. few 7. +irstly 7. regard 7. frightening 7. got %& to 7. too" 7. anybody
3. start 3. ahead 3. 5hortly 3. c%rrent 3. ca%sing 3. 3eing 3, &ay 3. >%antity 3. 7t first 3. concern 3. terrific 3. made %& for 3. gave 3. any
'. first '. abo%t '. ardly '. gale '. &rovo"ing '. aving ', invite '. n%mber '. +irst of all '. @%dge '. scared '. came %& with '. made '. nobody
. early . away . F%stly . bree!e . letting . +inding . bring . variety . +or a start . reali!e . afraid . owned %& to . did . none
1*.
7. s%cceeded
3. managed
'. arrived
. achieved
152 LOCAL HERO
5even year old 5amantha 9reen is a local hero after resc%ing an eleven year old boy from an icy death. =ocal schoolchildren always loo" (1) _______ to the harsh months of Fan%ary and +ebr%ary when they can go Gch%ggingH / children:s (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ for for s" s"at atin ing g on the the fro! fro!en en la"e la"e at a near nearby by dis% dis%se sed d >% >%ar arry ry.. ($) ($) _______ _______ the warnings of teachers, &arents and the &olice, it seems no one can () _______ _______ them not to s"ate on its s%rface. 'hildren seem drawn to this (*) _______ _______ &astime &recisely beca%se of its dangers. 4ven tho%gh they are (-) _______ _______ of the dangers there have been a great () _______ _______ of accidents involving yo%ngsters. =ast 5%nday afternoon was s%nny b%t artin 9reen (0) _______ _______ no notice of the change in the weather. () _______ had he ta"en si or seven ste&s in his new s"ates, when be fell thro%gh the ice. 5amantha and her friends were (16) _______ their way home when she heard his cries. Dnowing it was (11) _______ for the ice to crac" f%rther, she crawled towards him on her hand handss and and "n "nee eess G# was was feel feelin ing g cold cold and and very very (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ by this this time timeHH alc alcol olm m told told %s %s,, Gand Gand # "n "new ew that that if # &ass &assed ed (1$) (1$) __ ____ ____ ___ _ that that was was it. it. +ort%nately, 5amantha got to me @%st in time.H 5amantha and her friends dragged him to safety by (1) _______ of a ro&e made from their scarves. any locals believe it is time the co%ncil co%ncil (1*) (1*) _______ _______ in the >%arry >%arry.. 1. 2. $. , *. -. . 0. . 16.. 16 11.
7. %& 7. @argon 7. owever 7. ma"e 7. deathly 7. aware 7. >%antity 7. too" 7. F%st 7. ta"i ta"ing ng 7. li"elihood
3. #n 3. slang 3. 4ven 3. &revent 3. deadly 3. familiar 3, deal 3. made 3. 7lmost 3. ma"i ma"ing ng 3. li"ely
'. thro%gh '. dialect '. 7ltho%gh '. &ers%ade '. fatally '. willing '. amo%nt '. did '. ardly '. wal" wal"in ing g '. &ossible
. forward . lang%age . es&ite . disco%rage . hardly . acce&table . n%mber . had . 5eldom . havi having ng . ris"y
12. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. slee&y slee&y 7. off 7. method 7. filled
3. slee& slee&ing ing 3. o%t 3. %se 3. com&lete
'. slee& slee&les lesss '. away '. way '. &rohibited
. aslee& aslee& . over . means . d%m&ed
153 REUNITE TWINS
The relative im&ortance im&ortance of %&bringing %&bringing and genes is often disc%ssed. The st%dy of twins &rovides %s with (1) _______ fascinating res%lts. arlene and oris ewitt, s &arents were (2) _______ when they were tiny. +or ($) _______ reason they were ado&ted by se&arate families. arlene was () _______ on one of the most (*) _______ shee& farms yo% co%ld imagine, while oris was bro%ght bro%ght %& in 5ydney. 5ydney. 5trangely eno%gh, arlene:s (-) _______ seems to have been ha&&ier, as ons s m a smart () _______ was strict. (0) _______ by chance, the twins b%m&ed into each other m a de&artment store. O#t was @%st () _______ _______ loo"ing into a mirror, arlene said. When it was (16) _______ that they had eactly the same birthday they realised the tr%th. They both have the same (11) _______ character and are rather (12) _______ from a love of good food. 3oth trained as n%rses and married h%sbands called 3ob. They (1$) _______ many of the same gest%res. +or instance they both r%b their noses when they are thin"ing (1) _______. _______. They believe believe that they they m%st (1*) (1*) _______ _______ the &arents &arents they they never "new "new 1. 2. 8. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$, 1.
7. very 7. vanished 7. one 7. lifted 7. rem remote 7. childli"e 7. s%b%rb 7. 7lmost 7. li"eness 7. came across 7. live . 7. frail . 7. divide . 7. hard
3. etremely 3. died 3, some 3. risen 3. alon alonee 3. childhood 3. o%ts"irts 3. Nearly 3. ali"e 3. located 3. lively 3. slim 3. s&lit 3. lot
', m%ch '. "illed '. a '. elevated '. sole '. childish '. o%tside '. J%ite '. as '. discovered '. alive '. weight '. share '. hardly
. obvio%sly . disa&&eared . any . raised . solita litarry . children . edge . Eather . li"e . loo"ed for . living . &l%m& . lend . a lot of
1*
. 7. ta"e off
3. loo" after
'. loo" into
. ta"e after
154 A LUC#Y ISCO!ERY
4%ro&ean r%lers were &assionate collectors of &orcelain. #t was so so%ght after and commanded (1) _______ high &rices it was "nown as white gold. +rederic" the 9reat of 9ermany (2) _______ himself himself be ($) _______ into &arting with three 8riental vases in echange for a regiment of 7%g%st%s the 5trong of ?oland s soldiers. 7ltho%gh &orcelain was &rod%ced in both +rance and 9ermany, at the () _______ _______ factories at resden and incennes, incennes, it %sed to be made from soft (*) _______ _______ than hard &aste. #n 116, >%ite by (-) _______, _______, a 9erman alchemist called 3ottger who had been () _______ a way of &rod%cing gold (0) _______ the right combination of () _______ incl%ding "aolin, a fine white clay / to &rod%ce a hard &aste &orcelain which co%ld not be told (16) _______ _______ from the 8riental version. 7fter this discovery the eissen factory &rod%ced absol%tely (11) _______ &orcelain altho%gh its wor"ers were "e&t (12) _______ &risoners, not being considered s%fficiently (1$) _______ to live freely. The +rench (1) _______ _______ years to come %& with a similar &rocess and it wasn:t (1*) _______ the necessary "aolin de&osits were fo%nd that the 5evres factory co%ld start hard &aste &rod%ction &rod%ction in 1-0. 1-0. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. very 7. made 7. convinced 7. com&etition 7. rather 7. fate 7. loo"ing 7. came across 7. reci&es 7. different 7. delightf%l 7. almost 7. tr%stworthy 7. wasted
3. s%ch 3. allowed 3. &ers%aded 3. enemy 3. s%bstit%te 3. destiny 3. see"ing 3. came to 3. recei&ts 3. aside 3. fine 3. nearly 3. tr%sting 3. too"
'. really '. let '. s%ggested '. rival '. instead '. l%c"y '. finding '. came into '. ingredients '. away '. &retty '. >%ite '. tr%sty '. lost
. so . &ermitted . advised . com&etitive . &refer . chance . searching . came . methods . a&art . normal . virt%al . tr%sted . s&ent
1*.
7. d%ring
3. before
'. %ntil
. once
155 TIPS FOR THE BRO#EN-HEARTE
7lmost everyone (1) _______ a brea"/%& of some sort when they are a yo%ng ad%lt and it can ta"e some time to (2) _______ _______ it. #t is &erfectly normal to feel ($) _______ _______ and even com&letely () _______. #n fact, it can often (*) _______ li"e the feeling will never go away. 3%t the tr%th is that bro"en hearts do mendA 4&erts in the field offer some ti&s that can really ma"e life more (-) _______. Bo% can:t () _______ from a brea"/%& if yo% don:t even try. To begin with, "ee& a &ositive attit%de. #f yo% are (0) _______ to feel so sorry for yo%rself, don:t. =oo" on the bright sideK yo% are free again to meet someone new. 5econd, get some eercise. 7 bro"en heart can () _______ yo%r body and yo%r mind. a"e s%re yo% (16) _______ yo%rself. Bo% need to (11) _____ and ta"e it easyA Third, find a new (12) _______, li"e a s&ort or a hobby. +inally, (1$) _______ friends and family family for for s%&&o s%&&ort. rt. Th They ey will will almos almostt certai certainl nly y have have go gone ne (1) (1) __ _____ _____ __ similar e&eriences and will try to hel& and %nderstand yo%. #f yo% follow this (1*) _______, yo%:ll start feeling better very soonA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. e&eriences 7. get into 7. tra%matic 7. im&olite 7. act 7. im&%lsive 7. recover 7. ca%sed 7. fight 7. loo" %& to 7. annoy 7. interest 7. bring %& 7. thro%gh 7. reason
3. entertains 3. overta"e 3. modest 3. miserable 3. seem 3. sym&athetic 3. relate 3. tem&ted 3. tease 3. loo" after 3. let down 3. arg%ment 3. t%rn to 3. into 3. relationshi& 156
'. e&eriments '. get over '. embarrassing '. terrifying '. see '. bearable '. s%ffer '. made '. %&set '. ta"e after '. tolerate '. conce&t '. sort o%t '. over '. chance
. eercises . overdo . h%miliated . scary . so%nd . believable . ca%se . de&ressed . get over . &%t %& with . rela . iss%e . loo" into . to . advice
BRITISH HOLIAYMA#ERS
The traditional 3ritish holiday at home is not dead. #n fact, it co%ld be ma"ing a comebac". 3eca%se of worries abo%t (1) _______ abroad, many 3ritish &eo&le have decided to investigate (2) _______ a lot closer to home. ?o&%lar ($) _______ s%ch as 3righton in the so%th and 5carboro%gh or 3lac"&ool in the north have never really lost their () _______. _______. owever, some some seaside towns, which %ntil re/ re / cently have str%ggled, are attracting more holidayma"ers. 8nce they get there, holidayma"ers need to be able to get aro%nd. While the car is still &referred, the ma@ority of to%rists will try at least one other (*) _______ of trans&ort d%ring their (-) _______. Trains, for instance. 7ltho%gh few &eo&le wo%ld choose to start their two wee" brea" by ta"ing the () _______ train, a largo n%mber of them will en@oy the l%%ry of a restored wooden (0) _______ on one of the many historical () _______ in o&eration aro%nd the co%ntry. 7nd for those who do ma"e it to the sea, many are tem&ted by a (16) _______ ride to nearby islands or a short (11) _______ on a &leas%re boat. We may not be tem&ted by the &ros&ect of a three/wee" (12) _______ _______ to eotic and (1$) _______ co%ntries b%t o%r love of the sea is clearly not lost. owever, a >%ic" loo" inside the (1) _______ lo%nges of o%r ma@or air&orts will confirm that we are still >%e%ing %& in o%r tho%sands to (1*) _______ in for a flight in search of the one thing the 3ritish #sles cannot g%arantee / s%nshine. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. travelling 7. re&orts 7. ven%es 7. growth 7. means 7. day 7. direct 7. carriage 7. &latforms 7. trans&ort 7. r%n 7. flight 7. long 7. going
3. living 3. arrivals 3, destinations 3. fame 3. method 3. to%rism 3. e&ress 3. cabin 3. r%nways 3. sail 3. cr%ise 3. sail 3. away 3. de&art%re
'. leaving '. resorts '. directions '. &o&%larity '. way '. @o%rney '. ra&id '. car '. rails '. ferry '. &ac"age '. voyage '. f%rther '. eit
. so . c%lt%res . ec%rsions . inhabitants . sort . holiday . delayed . wagon . railways . shi& . tic"et . travel . distant . holiday
1*.
7. chec"
3. register
'. boo"
. go
157 ALFRE NOBEL
When we hear the name Nobel, we immediately thin" thin" of the Nobel ?ri!es. 3%t 7lfred Nobel, the (1) _______ of the awards, was also a great (2) _______ and ($) _______. _______. 3orn in 1$$ in 5weden, Nobel st%died first in E%ssia and then () _______ to the C5 where he st%died mechanical (*) _______. 7fterwards, he ret%rned to 5weden to wor" with his father. 9rad%ally, 9rad%ally, they made (-) _______ in e&losives. Nobel () _______ o%t how to wor" safely with nitroglycerine, nitroglycerine, a very dangero%s and e&losive (0) _______. is invention later became "nown () _______ dyna/ mite. Nobel contin%ed thro%gho%t his life to (16) _______ im&rovements in the field field of e&los e&losiv ives. es. e event event%al %ally ly owned owned (11 (11) __ ____ ____ ___ _ e&los e&losiv ives es facto factorie riess aro%nd the world and became very wealthy. 7lfred Nobel was a man of great (12) _______. When he died he left a wonderf%l gift to the worldK the Nobel ?ri!es. 4ach year these &ri!es are (1$) _______ _______ to scientists, scientists, inventors inventors and other (1) (1) _______ _______ &eo&le &eo&le for their great great (1*) _______ _______ to the world. world. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. creator 7. &hiloso&hy 7. direction 7. transferred 7. engineering 7. directions 7. solved 7. sha&e 7. by 7. do 7. n%merical 7. achievement 7. s%ggested 7. develo&ed 7. involvement
3. holder 3. engine 3. inventor 3. visited 3. &rod%cing 3. movements 3. fig%red 3. form 3. as 3. have 3. n%merate 3. advantage 3. designed 3. creative 3. develo&ment
'. discoverer '. scientist '. ma"er '. @oined '. develo&ing '. motions '. granted '. s%bstance '. with '. ta"e '. n%mero%s '. sit%ation '. awarded '. interested '. man%fact%ring
. receiver . &rod%ction . invention . emigrated . creating . advances . introd%ced . body . for . ma"e . n%mbered . incident . im&lanted . manageable . contrib%tion
158 ECORATING A TEENAGER)S BEROOM
#n the &ast, the children of the ho%sehold had very (1) _______ choice in the way their bedrooms were decorated. The fact that families had many (2) _______ children than they do now was an im&ortant consideration. This meant that there was not ($) _______ money available to &ay for more than the basics M &aint or wall&a&er. 7dd to this the fact that children of differing ages / and tastes / had to share a room and it is easy to see why, when it () _______ to decorating, not m%ch tho%ght was &%t into the @ob. Times change, however, and now the amo%nt s&ent on home decorating and #B is (*) _______ at over I0 billion a year. +amilies have (-) _______ greater s&ending &ower and children have more of a voice; in other words, &arents have to ta"e notice () _______ what they want. What has become very clear is that most teenagers are aware of the latest (0) _______ and they really do have a very good idea of the way they want their &ersonal s&ace decorated. #t is then %& to their &arents to hel& them achieve the () _______ they want. oney is still going to be a consideration / (16) _______ of co%rse, yo% have recently (11) _______ into a fort%ne. 3%t there is a wide range of materials to choose from and it really does &ay to (12) _______ aro%nd. There are (1$) _______ _______ available thro%gho%t thro%gho%t the year, so it can be done >%ite (1) _______. _______. ?arents may arg%e that their child:s choices are not a&&ro&riate, b%t it is the teenager who has to live with it, not them. 7fter all, if the teenager (1*) _______ for a colo%r or a material that the &arent considers im&ractical, this can always be disc%ssedA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. few 7. more 7. any 7. went 7. claimed 7. created 7. to 7. models
3. little 3. etra 3. some 3. said 3. considered 3. given 3. of 3. news
'. &oor '. lots '. more '. came '. g%essed '. ac>%ired '. abo%t '. trends
. bad . of . m%ch . became . estimated . made . from . sales
. 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. loo" 7. and 7. come 7. b%y 7. &%rchases 7. financially 7. goes
3. view 3. b%t 3. gone 3. sho& 3. incomes 3. economically 3. chooses
'. as&ect '. if '. s&ent '. sell '. bargains '. commercially '. thin"s
. sight . %nless . inherited . st%dy . mar"ets . &rofitably . decides
159 THE CIRCUS
4verybody loves the circ%s. +or almost $66 years, across 4%ro&e, E%ssia and 7merica, children of all ages have been (1) _______ by the animals and acrobats of the circ%s. The first circ%s was (2) _______ in 4ngland in 1- by ?hili& 7stley, who &er/ formed horse/riding st%nts for a small ($) _______. e then travelled thro%gho%t 4%ro&e and established circ%ses in many other co%ntries. The circ%ses %s%ally too" &lace in o%tdoor areas in a circle or a ring () _______ by (*) _______. The &er/formers &er/formers (-) _______ _______ their a%diences with eciting acrobatic acts and horse/ riding () _________ . 'irc%ses as we "now them today are (0 _______ dis&lays / sometimes with several tents / of wild animals and () _______ acrobatics. The facilities consist of tents with showLs ta"ing &lace at the same time, the (16) _______ both am%sing and (11) _______ their a%diences. 5ome of the most (12) _______ circ%ses in history which contin%e to be etremely (1$) _______ today incl%de the 7merican 3arn%m V 3ailey Eingling 3rothers 'irc%s, which (1) _______ itself GThe 9reatest 5how on 4arth,H the 'anadian 'ir>%e d% 5oleil, the oscow 'irc%s and 3illy 5mart:s 'irc%s of =ondon. illions of &eo&le (1*) _______ them aro%nd the world each year. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. a&&ealed 7. set 7. a%dience 7. ta"en 7. crowds
3, en@oyed 3. fo%nded 3. g%est 3. s%rro%nded 3. hosts
'. entertained '. constr%cted '. cast '. organised '. s&ectators
. la%ghed . man%fact%red . viewer , restricted . characters
-. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. thrilled 7. theatres 7. infinite 7. inf%riated 7. g%ests 7. frightening 7. "nown 7. &o&%lar 7. says 7. go
3. informed 3, &lays 3. massive 3. s%r&rised 3. athletes 3. tal"ing 3. infamo%s 3. acce&ted 3. calls 3. stay
'. concerned '. stages '. eternal '. inca&able '. &erformers '. acting '. notorio%s '. common '. names '. ta"e
. "ic"ed . &erformances . awf%l . remar"able . &rod%cers . showing . famo%s . reg%lar . tells . attend
180 HOLIAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Eoaring across the bay in a motorised r%bber boat, boat, we were told by the ca&tain ca& tain to "ee& o%r eyes o&en. With the engine (1) _______, it wasn:t long before half a do!en dol&hins came swimming aro%nd %s. 4vent%ally, 4vent%ally, two came %& (2) _______ beside the boat boat and &o&&ed &o&&ed their their heads o%t of the water to give %s %s a wide grin. grin. ol&hin watching is @%st one of the many %ne&ected attractions of a holiday in 5o%th 'arolina, in the C57. The state has long been &o&%lar with golfers and, with do!ens of ($) _______ in the area, it is () _______ a golfer:s &aradise. 3%t even the "eenest golfer needs other diversions and we soon fo%nd the resorts had &lenty to (*) _______ _______ #n fact, 'harleston, which is midway along the (-) _______, _______, is one of the most interesting cities in 7merica 7merica and is where the first shots in/the 'ivil War War were () _______. _______. Ta"ing a"ing a g%ided horse and carriage to%r thro%gh thro%gh the >%iet bac" streets yo% get a real (0) _______ of the city:s &ast. 5trict reg%lations () _______ to b%ildings b%ildings so that original (16) (16) _______ _______ are &reserved. &reserved. 5o%th of 'harleston lies ilton ead, an island resort abo%t 10 "m long and (11) _______ li"e a foot. #t has a fantastic sandy beach (12) _______ the length of the island and this is &erfect for all manner of water s&orts. (1$) _______, if yo% feel li"e doing nothing, (1) _______ a chair and %mbrella, %mbrella, head for an o&en (1*) _______ _______ and @%st @%st sit bac" and and watch the &elicans &elicans diving diving for fish. fish.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16, 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. t%rned o%t 7. right 7. co%rts 7. f%lly 7. show 7. beach 7. fired 7. significance 7. ha&&en 7. &oints . 7. sha&ed 7. lying 7. 7lternately 7. hire 7. ga&
3. t%rned away 3. direct 3. &itches 3. tr%ly 3. &rovide 3. sea 3. aimed 3. meaning 3. a&&ly 3. characters 3. formed 3. following 3. 7lternatively 3. lend 3. room
'. t%rned off '. &recise '. gro%nds '. honestly '. s%&&ly '. coast '. &%lled '. com&rehension '. agree '. feat%res '. made '. going '. 'ontrastingly '. charge '. s&ace
. t%rned over . eact . co%rses . &%rely . offer . shore . thrown . sense . occ%r . as&ects . mo%lded . r%nning . 'onversely . loan , &lace
161 ALTERNATI!E HOLIAYS
The (1) _______ of eotic holidays is not new. (2) _______ and other travel &ac"ages to tro&ical locations have long been &o&%lar and are more ($) _______ now than ever. () _______ are increasingly (*) _______ in doing something different and want more eciting (-) _______ so to%r com&anies have res&onded with a new () _______ of o&tions, incl%ding 7frican safaris. 9oing on safari is a totally (0) _______ form of holiday. () _______ by a safari g%ide, gro%&s travel into the 7frican wilderness to (16) _______ close %& the (11) _______ _______ of the wild. (12) _______ s&ecies, which are (1$) _______ seen o%tsi o% tside de the !oo, !oo, &rov &rovide ide a great great (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___. _. 5afari 5afariss aren: aren:tt for for every everyon one, e, however / es&ecially those who are easily (1*) _______. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. .
7. conce&t 7. ec"s 7. affordable 7. 9%ides 7, devoted 7. @o%rney 7. collection 7. sing%lar 7. 7ccom&anied
3. contet 3. 'abins 3. sensitive 3. 5&ectators 3. interested 3. tri& 3. mit%re 3. sole 3. elayed
'. brainchild '. 'r%ises '. logical '. 9%ests '. "een '. travel '. combination '. %ni>%e '. 7cce&ted
. &erfection . Traffic . effective . olidayma"ers . ca&able . movement . range . lone . evelo&ed
16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. e&eriment 7. scare 7. 4nvironmental 7. grad%ally 7. attraction 7. tem&ted
3. e&erience 3. fright 3. 4ndangered 3. fre>%ently 3. event 3. frightened
'. attem&t '. tra%ma '. 4tinct '. only '. show '. disg%sted
. allow . thrill . 8bsolete . rarely . invitation . horrified
162 THE RAIO
While the television (1) _______ is increasingly becoming the focal &oint of o%r living rooms, it wo%ld be easy to (2) _______ that its older relative, the radio is still there. 3%t in the r%sh to t%rn ($) _______ the T and feast o%r eyes on all those fantastic vis%al () _______, we are missing o%t on a val%able (*) _______ of comm%nication. Thee radi Th radio o has has all all the the tal" tal" (-) (-) __ ____ ____ ___, _, come comedi dies es,, dram dramas as and and news news () () _______ _______ that the television has, and more besides. =ate night shows have (0) _______ _______ &resenters to "ee& yo% awa"e or send yo% to slee&, de&ending on yo%r needs. ard hitting re&orters () _______ the hot items of the day with &oliticians and (16) _______ in s&ecialised areas. 7nd behind the (11) _______ there are rese resear arch cher erss and and edit editor orss ma"i ma"ing ng s% s%re re yo yo% % get get the the (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ %& %&/t /to/ o/da date te information. With the the new new gene genera rati tion on of digi digita tall radi radio o abo% abo%tt to ente enterr o% o%rr ho home mess (1$) (1$) _______ _______ satellite, radio is s%re to (1) _______ to o%r lives well into the f%t%re. The radio of tomorrow will g%arantee &erfect (1*) _______ and more choice of &rogramme. &rogramme.
1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. st%dio 7. insist 7. %& 7. images 7. way 7. events 7. e&isodes 7. li"eable
3. bo 3. notice 3. on 3. &ict%res 3. direction 3. disc%ssions 3. b%lletins 3. &ersona
'. channel ' forget '. off '. a&&earances '. a&&roach '. shows '. doc%mentaries '. li"ely
. set . s%ggest . down . loo"s . means . &erformances . brea"s . &resentable
. 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. converse 7. directors 7. scenes 7. soonest 7. %nder 7. give 7. recital
3. disc%ss 3. o&erators 3. shots 3. greatest 3. via 3, donate 3. recei&t
'. corres&ond '. geni%ses '. films '. latest '. from '. contrib%te '. reci&e
. enth%se . e&erts . camera . biggest . in . lend . rece&tion
163 SPORT - A WAY OF LIFE
any &eo&le follow their interest in s&ort well beyond the occasional game in the &ar". 5ome remain (1) _______ forever forever while others become &rofessionals. &rofessionals. #n both cases, athletes dedicated to the s&orting life ma"e a lot of (2) _______ in their &ersonal lives and they ($) _______ enormo%s challenges. any start o%t alone, b%t end %& @oining a () _______ and hiring a (*) _______. With a little l%c", their hard wor" will (-) _______ offA 4very serio%s athlete m%st establish a () _______ of reg%lar wor"o%ts and &ractice. This This (0) _______ _______ will hel& hel& the athlete im&rove im&rove his or or her abilities abilities and () _______ _______ for the f%t%re. 7thletes 7thletes m%st ta"e care to (16) _______ themselves in their wor"o%t in order to steer clear of in@%ry and fatig%e. This also hel&s them to avoid (11) _______ in a real game or com&etition. 7 l%c"y few will be awarded a &rofessional (12) _______ one day. 7ltho%gh the &rofessional life may (1$) _______ glamoro%s, it is also very (1) _______ and is really only for those who are (1*) _______ to a life of s&ortsA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. vol%nteers 7. sacrifices 7. devote 7. &erformance 7. rival 7. &ay 7. design 7. learning 7. events 7. com&ete 7. loss ,
3. cham&ions 3. &ractices 3. earn 3. cl%b 3. referee 3. r%n 3. c%stom 3. teaching 3. &ros&ects 3. s&eed 3. defeat
'. amate%rs '. s%ggestions '. foc%s '. activity '. leader '. give '. ro%tine '. testing '. actions '. race '. beating
. athletes . resentment . ta"e on . session . coach . ta"e . tradition . training . beliefs . &ace . debt
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. contract 7. view 7. begging 7. devoted
3. contet 3. a&&ear 3. re>%esting 3. foc%sed
'. contest '. watch '. demanding '. "een
. contact . see . as"ing . determined
164 CI!IL SER!ANTS
#n co%ntries aro%nd the world, there are literally millions of &eo&le who wor" for the national and (1) _______ government. +rom the &ost office to the office of the ?resident, civil servants "ee& the government:s (2) _______ r%nning. any &eo&le wo%ld li"e to go for a civil service ($) _______ and for good reason. 9overnment () _______ %s%ally en@oy a variety of (*) _______ incl%ding health (-) _______ &aid holiday leave and () _______ f%nds. They have good ann% ann%al al (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ are are alwa always ys &aid &aid etr etraa for for do doin ing g () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ and and are are sometimes even rewarded with bon%ses for ma"ing %sef%l (16) _______A 'ivil service @obs are %s%ally (11) _______; rarely are wor"ers (12) _______ red%ndant. (1$) _______ who a&&ly for a (1) _______ in the civil service m%st (1*) _______ in an a&&lication form and &ass an eamination before they can be selected and a&&ointed to a @ob. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. to&ical 7. officers 7. career 7. assistants 7. investments 7. wages 7. richness 7. salaries 7. gigs 7. &rofits 7. &ermanent 7. ta"en 7. 7&&licants 7. movement 7. write
3. nearby 3. services 3. occ%&ation 3. bosses 3. debts 3. service 3. &ension 3. ta"ings 3. f%nctions 3. s%ggestions 3. straightforward 3. done 3. 5tri"ers 3. location 3. com&lete 165
'. close '. franchises '. accommodation '. a&&licants '. benefits '. royalties '. wealth '. winnings '. overtime '. &erformances '. tem&orary '. made '. Trainees '. motion '. fill
. local . research . commission . em&loyees . e&eriences . ins%rance . fort%ne . gifts . wor" . ideas . freelance . forced . anagers . &osition . sign
CHIL PROIGIES
8ccasi 8ccasiona onally lly a yo yo%n %ng g child child with with very very advanc advanced ed (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ abilit abilities ies is admi admitt tted ed to %n %niv iver ersi sity ty.. Th Thes esee chil childr dren en are are of co%r co%rse se (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ or chil child d &rodigies. &rodigies. Ty&ical Ty&ically, ly, they begin their their ($) _______ _______ st%dies st%dies at %niversity %niversity before they are fiftee fifteen n years years old. old. 7fter 7fter finis finishin hing g their their first first () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ they they %s%al %s%ally ly (*) (*) _______ _______ it in a year or two / they contin%e to do (-) _______ st%dies in a s&eci s&eciali alised sed field field of medici medicine ne or scienc science. e. any any of these these talent talented ed yo yo%n %ngs gster terss receive () _______ from very &restigio%s (0) _______ instit%tions to hel& &ay for their st%dies. 5ome of the older st%dents disli"e being () _______ in seminars with a child &rodigy. &rodigy. They (16) _______ it rather annoying when someone so yo%ng (11) (11) _______ _______ at the s%b@ect so easily while they (12) _______ _______ over their co%rses. 8thers, however, benefit benefit from the e&erience of (1$) _______ their s%b@ect with a child &rodigy. &rodigy. The (1) _______ _______ who r%n the seminars, seminars, however, however, generally en@oy having s%ch sifted (1*) _______A 1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. coed%cational 7. geni%ses 7. com&rehensive 7. s"ill 7. get down 7. a&&rentice 7. licences 7, ed%cational 7. reviewed 7. find 7. achieves 7. hesitate 7. disc%ssing 7. mar"ers 7. trainees
3. illiterate 3. instr%ctors 3. &%blic 3. degree 3. wor" o%t 3. &ostgrad%ate 3. sched%les 3. learning 3. assessed 3. search 3. e&eriences 3. agonise 3. chatting 3. trainers 3. em&loyees
'. academic '. coaches '. &re& '. certificate '. sail thro%gh '. technical '. services '. instr%ctive '. ta%ght '. see" '. en@oys '. reflect '. tal"ing '. t%tors '. a&&rentices
. theoretical . lect%rers , %ndergrad%ate . >%alification . set o%t . &ractical . scholarshi&s . training . re&orted . seem . ecels . st%dy . arg%ing , eaminers . st%dents
186 SPORT IN PRISON
+or all the arg%ments abo%t &rison, there is no getting (1) _______ from the
fact that it eists. 8nce the @%dge and (2) _______ have done their @ob, we have to ($) _______ tho%sands of men and women occ%&ied %ntil they are () _______. 5&ort is ideal (*) _______ &risoners for many reasons. 3eing (-) _______ &%n/ ishes &eo&le by ta"ing away their freedom; @%st beca%se someone gets in () _______ _______ with the law, we have no (0) _______ to ta"e away their health as well. 5econdly, 5econdly, the () _______ that yo% feel when yo% are (16) _______ %& for a long &rison (11) (11) _______ can ma"e yo% very anti/social and aggressive. aggressive. The (12) _______ _______ thing we want is for &eo&le to come o%t (1$) _______ _______ ten years, or even ten months, and (1) _______ %& the first &erson they see. 5&ort &rovides a way of controlling that (1*) _______ 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. away 7. &anel 7. hold 7. abandoned 7. to 7. inwards 7. mess 7. right 7. %ni>%eness 7. "eyed 7. contract 7. best 7. after 7. hit 7. crime
3. o%t 3. team 3. store 3. remanded 3. for 3. indoors 3. tro%ble 3. fairness 3. remoteness 3. bro"en 3. e&erience 3. last 3. before 3. beat 3. o&&ort%nity
'. bac" '. @%ry '. &reserve '. released '. in '. internal '. worry '. @%stice '. isolation '. closed '. sentence '. final '. d%ring '. m%g '. assa%lt
. far . board . "ee& . charged . with . inside . trial . demand . individ%ality . loc"ed . co%rse . terminal . over . fight . violence
167 GET AHEA OF THAT HEAACHE;
illions of &eo&le (1) _______ from headaches. #t:s a fact. What millions of &eo&le do not "now is what ca%ses them. eadaches are (2) _______ _______ with all "inds of health &roblems as well as yo%r being %nder a lot of ($) _______. 'ertain () _______ li"e coffee can react badly with the chemical balance in o%r bodies and give %s (*) _______ headache as well. The best thing to do if yo%r head h%rts is to (-) _______ an as&irin, right<
WrongA Bo% co%ld be doing the worst thing &ossible beca%se yo% are not () _______ _______ with the &roblem / only (0) _______ _______ the sym&toms. sym&toms. 7nd those &eo&le who thin" that &ain"illers can:t do yo% any () _______ are also wrong. edical science has &roved that, if we "ee& ta"ing the tablets, they will soon (16) _______ as a trigger and, instead of c%ring yo%r headache, they will (11) _______ yo% worse. 5o what do yo% do (12) _______ yo%r head start to throb< 3reathe dee&ly. #t may be that yo% are not (1$) _______ eno%gh oygen. Then, yo% (1) _______ try massaging the side of yo%r head with yo%r fingers. 7nd 7nd close yo%r eyes. 8ften yo%r eyes are very tired, and the best (1*) _______ for tiredness is slee& 1. 2. $. , *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. die 7. associated 7. fear 7. materials 7. some 7. ta"e 7. solving 7. re/living 7. badness 7. act 7. diagnose 7. were 7. digesting 7, m%st 7. c%re
3. s%ffer 3. ca%sed 3. worry 3. s%bstances 3. one 3. drin" 3. removing 3, relieving 3. negativity 3. &erform 3. do 3. sho%ld 3. nibbling 3. o%ght 3. chec"/%&
'. ache ', &rod%ced '. stress '. vitamins '. more '. eat '. dealing '. resolving '. harm '. loo" '. create '. it '. getting '. shall '. &rescri&tion
. &ain , based . aniety . dr%gs . a . &%t . treating . red%cing . illness . treat , ma"e . whether . &l%c"ing . co%ld . clinic
168 SPREAING THE WOR
When otmail was (1) _______ %& in 1-, it was not the h%ge s%ccess that it is today. 3%t on every e/mail sent (2) _______ otmail, there was a line at the bottom saying, saying, G9et yo%r &rivate, &rivate, free e/mail at hotmail.com,H hotmail.com,H &roviding them them ($) _______ _______ a free advertisement. advertisement. This sim&le idea soon &aid () _______ _______ and otmail went from strength to (*) _______. #'J, which (-) _______ for G# see" yo%H was an instant messaging service that () _______ off in a similar way and
made a (0) _______ The &o&%larity of #'J s&read beca%se %sers recommended it to their friends so that they co%ld have &eo&le to chat to online. The () _______ ma@ority of #nternet %sers tried it and it was event%ally ta"en (16) _______ by Netsca&e so (11) (11) _______ _______ to to control control their com&etition. com&etition. These are eam&les of what is "nown as GviralH comm%nication / so called beca%se the message s&reads li"e a vir%s. #t %sed to be (12) _______ _______ that Eolls Eoyce never needed to advertise / des&ite (1$) _______ high cost of the l%%ry cars / beca%se owners were more than ha&&y to tell their friends and neighbo%rs how satisfied they were. Nowadays, if yo% are (1) _______ to the #nternet, the word can be s&read in a (1*) _______ second and, within a day, yo% might have indirectly comm%nicated with millions of &eo&le. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. established 7. into 7. with 7. %& 7. &ower 7. so%nds 7. too" 7. wealth 7. vast 7. ro%nd 7. that 7. said 7. very 7. associated 7. divided
3. laid 3. via 3. to 3. bac" 3. energy 3. stands 3. set 3. treas%re 3. h%ge 3. over 3. beca%se 3. s&o"en 3. its 3. connected 3. half
'. beg%n '. inside '. for '. off '. force '. loo"s '. let '. fort%ne '. immense '. %nder '. as '. e&lained '. a '. @oined '. s&lit
. set . along . towards . for #), strength . re&resents . gave . &ros&erity . big . down . m%ch . re&eated . the . downloaded . fraction
169 HOW TO WRITE A BLOC#BUSTER
#f yo% have ever finished reading the latest bloc"b%ster and tho%ght that yo% co%ld have done better, consider (1) _______ the following techni>%es. 3efore yo% settle %&on yo%rL s%b@ect (2) _______, be canny and eamine the c%rrent mar"et. #f &eriod dramas are ($) _______ a comebac", for eam&le, con/ sider that genre b%t with a %ni>%e () _______. 5tart by loo"ing aro%nd yo% in
news&a&ers, news&a&ers, on T / for stories and characters. 'hoose a genre and to&ic yo% feel comfortable comfortable with. (*) _______ research will add to the strength and de&th of yo%r writing and hel& yo% (-) _______ more confidence. Eead () _______ history boo"s, biogra&hi biogra&hies es and travelog%es travelog%es to immerse immerse yo%rself yo%rself in yo%r yo%r chosen chosen &eriod and and (0) _______. 8nce yo% have form%lated yo%r characters, &ossible storylines and locations, start to s"etch o%t () _______ dialog%es and (16) _______. 8nly then sho%ld yo% set (11) _______ writing the novel. 8nce the novel is com&leted, yo% m%st find an agent. any (12) _______ &%b/ lishers will only consider s%bmissions via an (1$) _______ agent and will largely ignore %nsolicited boo"s. 7gain, research is the "ey. =oo" for an agent that (1) _______ _______ yo%r genre and style. +inally, +inally, do not forget forget that the boo" has to be mar"eted once it is &%blished, so yo%, the a%thor, will become one of the novel:s Cni>%e 5elling ?oints. #t hel&s if yo% and the boo" have a good story (1*) _______ _______ yo% too. too. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. acce&ting 7. theme 7. ta"ing 7. t%rn 7. Thoro%gh 7. become 7. lin"ed 7. area 7. ro%gh .7. &laces .7. abo%t .7. central .7. established .7. serves .7. beyond
3. ma"ing 3. iss%e 3. ma"ing 3. s&in 3. +%ll 3. win 3. connected 3. &lace 3. %neven 3. scenes 3. %& 3. leading 3. "nowledgeable 3. acts 3. behind
'. ado&ting '. to&ic '. having '. twist '. 'om&lete '. gain '. similar '. setting '. raw '. &ict%res '. to '. val%ed '. fied '. shows '. above
. doing . matter . doing . s&iral . 4ntire . grow . relevant . location . %nderdevelo&ed . visions , down . winning . credited . re&resents . below
170 TOMORROW)S CRIMINALS
#n the time it ta"es yo% to read this article, it is absol%tely certain that two
events will have ta"en &lace on a very large (1) _______ indeed. The first of these certainties is that many crimes, mostly (2) _______ b%t some serio%s, will have been ($) _______. _______. 'rime has been an () _______ _______ fact of life for many cent%ries and it is (*) _______ to say, will contin%e to be so for the (-) _______ f%t%re. The second %ndis&%ted event is that o%r world will be &o&%lated by h%ndreds, even tho%sands, of new h%man beings, arriving bloody, screaming and "ic"ing, and o&ening their eyes to () _______ the f%t%re. #nevitably, some of these new/ born babies will grow %& to become the adolescents and ad%lts who steal from cars, (0) _______ ho%ses, m%g &eo&le late at night, () _______ fires, ra&e, and "ill. 7nd the million/dollar >%estion isK Which of these new/born infants will be/ come tomorrow:s criminals< There are (16) &redictors that can give %s some (11) _______. _______. +irstly, +irstly, antisocial childhood childhood behavio%r, behavio%r, incl%ding misbehavio%r misbehavio%r at school, dishonesty and aggressiveness. There a higher chance of the child (12) _______ _______ to crime if there is a history of criminality criminality in the family, incl%ding (1$) _______ _______ &arents and delin>%ent older siblings. siblings. +amily &overty is also a con/ trib%ting (1) _______, whether it be d%e to low family (1*) _______, large family si!e or &oor ho%sing. ?oor &arental child/rearing behavio%r, incl%ding harsh harsh and a%tho a%thorit ritari arian an disci& disci&lin line, e, &o &oor or s%&er s%&ervi visio sion, n, &aren &arental tal confl conflict ict and se&aration from &arents also &lay their &art. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. scale 7. silly 7. done 7. %n&reventable 7. safe 7. &redictable 7. attem&t 7. rob 7. light 7. eno%gh 7. cl%es 7. moving 7. condemned 7. fact
3. si!e 3. st%&id 3. committed 3. %nsto&&able 3. correct 3. foreseeable 3. confront 3. b%rgle 3. commence 3. n%mber 3. hel& 3. t%rning 3. &rosec%ted 3. instance
'. area '. trivial '. made '. %nchangeable '. sec%re '. "nown '. face '. thieve '. set '. several '. ti&s '. tending '. tried '. factor
. grid . small . tried . inesca&able . s%re . e&ected . achieve . steal . start . scores . g%esses . going . convicted . circ%mstance
1*.
7. &ayments
3. incoming
'. wage
. income
171 FERMACULTURE CLUB
Today 'indy has decided to &lant 166 trees. When she came here, this &lace was no different from any other in the state of New 5o%th Wales. 8nce covered with trees, it had been (1) _______ for farmland. Witho%t trees, 7%stralian earth is eroded. %ring the rains, roads are (2) _______ away and the rivers are red with earth. 7 Tean by birth, she met 9raham, an 4nglish grad%ate, when they were wor"ing in the Cnited 5tates. GWe were two "ids with a ($) _______. We We wanted to live off the land witho%t () _______ it, and only &rod%ce what r%bbish we co%ld (*) _______ with o%rselves.H Two years later, they were riding across 7%stralia on a motorbi"e, loo"ing for a (-) _______ of land. When they saw the () _______ hillside in New 5o%th Wales, they "new this was it. The farmer was ha&&y to sell. 4roded and (0) _______, the valley was no %se to anyone. 7fter &aying the farmer, farmer, they were () _______ _______ with 166 dollars, a sa%ce&an and a change of clothes. There was no (16) _______ _______ so they had to slee& o%tside. #t was the (11) _______ of s%mmer, with tem&erat%re:s aro%nd 6U'. #n the beginning, beginning, 'indy "new nothing abo%t hortic%lt%re. hortic%lt%re. GWe started &lanting with ten &ac"ets of seeds we:d bro%ght. We @%st &lanted everything anywhere, all together.H The (12) _______ is that &lants, animals and &eo&le do better if they live together. ied &lanting (1$) _______ a system in which there is more wildlife, better soil and better cro&s that are more (1) _______ to damage by &ests. 'indy admits admits it is (1*) _______ intensive intensive b%t she has saved one tiny corner of 7%stralia. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. cleared 7. soa"ed 7. &ros&ect 7. h%rting 7. act
3. removed 3. washed 3. image 3. damaging 3. do
'. c%t '. flooded '. ho&e '. brea"ing '. ma"e
. severed . watered . dream . wasting . deal
-. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &iece 7. &lain 7. barren 7. over 7. cover 7. &ea" 7. belief 7. creates 7. defensive 7. farming
3. &art 3. na"ed 3. sterile 3. remained 3. &rotection 3. height 3. ob@ective 3. originates 3. imm%ne 3. labo%r
'. section '. bare '. fr%itless '. left '. ref%ge '. to& '. conce&tion '. gives '. resistant '. wor"
. held . blan" . dead . changed . shelter . s%mmit . idea . ca%ses . insensitive . effort
172 THE S#YI!ER WHO FELL 1+000 METRES AN LI!E
7stonishingly, a s"ydiver whose &arach%te failed to o&en &ro&erly has s%r/ vived a 1,666 metre fall to the gro%nd, s%ffering only (1) _______ br%ising b%t no bro"en bones at all. This ama!ing glory began when arlin +ord, who has over twenty years (2) _______ of &arach%ting, too" off in a 'essna aircraft with five ($) _______ s"ydivers. Their &lan was to &ractise () _______ hands in a mid/air formation b%t when they left the aircraft artin was involved in a (*) _______ with another s"ydiver and their &arach%tes became tangled. The (-) _______ did not &anic b%t, after falling together for *66 metres, managed to () _______. The other s"ydiver released his main &arach%te, o&ened the reserve and landed safely. artin "e&t (0) _______ and tried to do the same. 3%t he was %nable to do so beca%se as he t%rned in the air the &arach%tes began to () _______ themselves ro%nd him and he event%ally (16) _______ conscio%sness. e landed in a field that that had had rece recent ntly ly been been &lo% &lo%gh ghed ed,, so the the eart earth h was was >% >%it itee (11 (11) __ ____ ____ ___ _ and and c%shioned his landing to some etent. e was (12) _______ to hos&ital where a doctor commented, Gis s%rvival is mirac%lo%s. 8ften in s%ch cases there are serio%s internal (1$) _______ beca%se when the body decelerates on hitting the gro%nd, the internal organs contin%e moving. +or eam&le, the brain can stri"e the inside of the s"%ll with some (1) _______. 3%t r +ord only has (1*) _______ &hysical in@%ries.H in@%ries.H 1.
7. hard
3. severe
'. ro%gh
. grave
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &ractice 7. fellow 7. connecting 7. b%m& 7. team 7. se&arate 7. attentive 7. envelo& 7. s%rrendered 7. gentle 7. r%shed 7. brea"s 7. force 7. o%tside
3. "nowledge 3. colleag%e 3 lin"ing 3. crash 3. combination 3. divide 3. aware 3. wra& 3. left 3. smooth 3. h%rried 3. damages 3. strength 3. light
'. e&erience ', &artner '. to%ching '. im&act '. &air '. &art '. >%iet f '. enclose '. lost '. fine '. dashed '. wo%nds '. energy '. s%&erficial
. training . associate . "ee&ing . collision . co%&le , s&lit . cool . cover . missed . soft . s&ed , in@%ries . &ower . s%rface
173 SHOPLIFTING
=ast year, losses from sho&s thro%gh sho&lifting and theft by staff amo%nted to over I1 billion. There are many (1) _______ for sho&"ee&ers themselves to re/ d%ce d% ce sh sho& o&li lift ftin ing. g. 7s with with all all ty&e ty&ess of crim crime, e, &rev &reven enti tion on is bett better er than than (2) (2) _______ _______ .The best deterrent is the ($) _______ of staff &ro&erly &ro&erly trained in how to identify identify &otential &otential sho& sho&lift lifters. ers. There are also many many sec%rity sec%rity () ___ ______ ____ _ now available. ideo camera s%rveillance is a &o&%lar system, even with >%ite small retailers. #n clothes sho&s, magnetic tag mar"ing systems that set off an alarm have &roved their (*) _______. owever, there are many (-) _______ meas%res that retailers sho%ld consider. 3etter lighting and ceiling/h%ng mirrors can hel& staff to () _______ all &arts of the dis&lay area. 5imilarly, sim&ly arranging shelves and dis&lay %nits to allow clear (0) _______ of vision is a good deterrent. 7nother &roblem for retailers is the () _______ of stolen credit cards to b%y good go odss and servic services. es. any any retail retailers ers avoid avoid this this by always always chec"i chec"ing ng the (16) (16) _______ _______ of a card %sed for &%rchase. &%rchase. 4lectronic systems systems are now available available to (11) (11) _______ _______ %& the &roced%re. &roced%re. ost com&anies "ee& a &etty (12) _______ bo for small e&enses. They are a &o&%lar (1$) (1$) _______ _______ for thieves. thieves. #t is not not eno%gh to have a bo that that loc"s. 7 thief
can steal it and then o&en it at leis%re. =oc" it in a drawer as well. Tele&hones, ty&ewriters, word &rocessors and com&%ters are also v%lnerable beca%se they are (1) _______. ?ro&erty mar"ing is a good deterrent and hel&s the &olice ret%rn stolen goods if they are (1*) _______. _______. 7nd remember that in many b%sinesses in / formation is val%able to com&etitors and sho%ld be &rotected. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. ideas 7. remedy 7. &resence 7. machines 7. reliability 7. better 7. notice 7. angles 7. em&loyment 7. honesty 7. s&eed 7. money 7. robbery 7. &ortable 7. re&orted
3. schemes 3. c%re 3. "nowledge 3. methods 3. worth 3. easier 3. control 3. areas 3. %se 3. forgery 3. chec" 3. ban" 3. target 3. e&ensive 3. "nown
'. o&&ort%nities '. loss '. n%mber '. tric"s '. val%ation '. bigger '. watch '. systems '. techni>%e '. val%e '. ta"e '. cash '. aim. '. stolen '. traced
. occasions . conviction . im&ortance . devices . identity . sim&ler . regard . fields . a&&lication . validity . "ey . saving . ob@ect . attractive . revealed
174 YOU MUST REMEMBER THIS &&&
5ometimes yo% might feel that/ if yo% had a &erfect memory, all yo%r &roblems with learning wo%ld be solved. Bo% wo%ld be able to (1) _______ thro%gh eams witho%t m%ch revision. Bo% wo%ld never again (2) _______ the embarrassment of forgetting someone:s name. 3%t imagine, for a moment, not forgetting anything / not even last year:sL sho&&ing ($) _______. Bo% wo%ld be () _______ with information. With hard wor" yo% can recall the &arts of a verb or the layo%t of a town as yo% need them, so that yo% can learn a foreign lang%age or (*) _______ a tai driver:s licence. 3%t the memory (-) _______ called for by some &rofessions are only one of the roles memory &lays in o%r lives. emory covers a () _______ range of actions and needs. What we (0) _______ abo%t the brain is far from
com&lete, so &hiloso&hers and scientists find it diffic%lt to be () _______ abo%t the nat%re of memory. Eemembering and forgetting can be %nderstood in many different (16) _______ b%t broadly, three distinct classes of memory have been establishedK &ersonal, cognitive and habit memory. ?ersonal memories are those acts of remembering which (11) _______ _______ s&ecifi/ s&ecifi / cally to each &erson:s life history. #f yo% say, G# remember the first time # travelled by trainH, yo% will &robably have an image in yo%r mind of the (12) _______ and be able to describe describe things things in it. 'ognitive memory hel&s %s learn, for eam&le, stories, a s&eech or a (1$) _______ _______ of m%sic. abit memory (1) _______ _______ those abilities needed to &erform actions s%ch as ty&ing or driving. 7ll these actions m%st be learned b%t once they have been, yo% will rarely remember anything (1*) _______ as yo% &erform them. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. r%n 7. face 7. recei&ts 7. overweight 7. win 7. conce&ts 7. big 7. "now 7. aware 7. conce&ts 7. connect 7. occasion 7. so%nd 7. means 7. totally
3. wal" 3. enco%nter 3. notes 3. overloaded 3. award 3. feats 3. large 3. learn 3. e&lanatory 3. ways 3. a&&ear 3. ha&&ening 3. t%ne 3. covers 3. hardly
'. sail '. realise '. lists '. b%rdened '. earn '. choices '. long '. discover '. correct '. forms '. refer '. &rocess '. &iece '. enables '. "nowingly
. float . acce&t . bills . st%ffed . gain . methods . wide . st%dy . &recise . ty&es . have . tho%ght . instr%ment . directs . conscio%sly
175 THE GRAN CANYON
The 9rand 'anyon is one of the nat%ral wonders of the world. #t was (1) _______ _______ by the 'olorado Eiver, which carved its way thro%gh the (2) _______ _______ colo%red layers of roc" ma"ing a ga& over 1,* "ilometres ($) _______. #t sides are stee& cliffs and some of the &ea"s loo" () _______ towers, castles and tem&les.
7 fantastic advent%re for anyone with (*) _______ time in which to e&erience the 9rand 'anyon wo%ld be to ta"e a sightseeing sightseeing flight (-) _______ the area. The small twin engine &lanes have h%ge &anoramic windows &erfect for () _______ &hotogra&hs. &hotogra&hs. #t is (0) _______ to boo" an a n overnight overnight to%r if yo% want to stay () _______ _______ at the 'anyon b%t do not want to drive. This way yo% can (16) _______ _______ the s&ectac%lar s%nset and s%nrise and fit in a(n) (11) _______ day e&loring the 'an/yon trails (12) _______. Bo% can also witness the da!!ling lights of (1$) _______ =as egas by night with a breathta"ing helico&ter flight. The to%r (1) _______ a&&roimately an ho%r and (1*) ________ trans&ort from yo%r hotel to the air&ort and 26 min%tes in the air 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. done 7. m%ch 7. dee& 7. as 7. restricted 7. on 7. ma"ing 7. &ossible 7/ more 7. notice 7. %tter 7. on foot 7. close 7. ma"es 7. incl%des
3. created 3. several 3. down 3. if 3. limited 3. in 3. ta"ing 3. &robable 3. f%rther 3. loo" 3. whole 3. by foot 3. near 3. s&ends 3. has
'. b%ilt '. different '. far '. %& '. red%ced '. above '. &%tting '. li"ely '. etra '. watch '. total '. with feet '. nearby '. covers '. contains
. set . varied . below , li"e . small . over . doing . s%itable . longer . glance . all . by feet . net . lasts . covers
176 THE TOY ESIGNER
Nathan 3alfo%r s&ends eight ho%rs a day doing a @ob that brings in millions of &o%nds a year. (1) _______ that were not eno%gh, the @ob also gives him the feel feelin ing g that that he is at (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ rath rather er than than at wor" wor".. 3%t 3%t Nath Nathan an::s @ob @ob as managing director of a toy design b%siness is not easy beca%se it not only ($) _______ _______ designing designing b%t also also man%fact%ring man%fact%ring and mar"eting mar"eting toys. toys.
#t all started when Nathan was twenty/five years old and o%t of () _______. e had @%st been (*) _______ red%ndant and was feeling de&ressed. #t was then that he was (-) _______ to a man who designed cons%mer goods for a () _______. _______. Nathan immediately realised that his real area of (0) _______ was &rod%ct design. #n 12, with a degree in design, he decided to () _______ control of his wor"ing life and start his own b%siness. The range of &rod%cts he designed incl%ded toys, which soon acco%nted for ninety &er cent of his total (16) _______. e was soon ta"ing (11) _______ scores of em&loyees to hel& him. #n 1 he got an invitation from the Toy and obby 7ssociation to ta"e (12) _______ in a toy fair where he got I*,666 worth of (1$) _______ _______ owever, Nathan does not want his com&any to (1) _______ _______ any larger. is only aim is to go on &rod%cing toys of a high (1*) _______ that are good for learning as well as for &laying with. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.. 16 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. 7s long as 7. f%n 7. involves 7. @ob 7. had 7. &resented 7. commerce 7. interest 7. obtain 7. &rod &rod%c %cee 7. on 7. effect 7. demands 7. grow 7. ran"
3. 7s well as 3. leis%re 3. im&lies 3. em&loyment 3. made 3. anno%nced 3. living 3. &rofession 3. ac>%ire 3. o% o%tc tcom omee 3. over 3. &lace 3. re>%irements 3. e&and 3. standard
'. 7s for '. en@oyment '. consists '. wor" '. done '. shown '. trade '. fascination '. "ee& '. o% o%t& t&%t %t '. %& '. &art '. re>%ests '. develo& '. level
. 7s it . holiday . incl%des . occ%&ation . got . introd%ced . b%siness . attraction . ta"e . gain gain . after . action . orders . increase . val%e
177 THE HISTORY HI STORY OF S#ATEBOARING S#ATEBOARING
5"ateboarding was invented in the 1-6s by s%rfers who wished to s%rf when there were not any waves. These s%rfers nailed the (1) _______ of a roller s"ate to the bottom of a &lan" of wood and sidewal" s%rfing was (2) _______. 3%t s"ate/
boarding only only really ($) _______ _______ off when the wheels wheels were im&roved so that they co%ld roll over %neven s%rfaces, li"e small stones. #n the beginning, &eo&le s"ated along on the &avement or cr%ised down hills, b%t after a () _______, they began to s"ate on &aved emban"ments (*) _______ em&ty swimming &ools. Thee styl Th stylee of ridi riding ng chan change ged d dram dramat atic ical ally ly when when 7llen llen 9elf 9elfan and d came came (-) (-) _______ _______ with a new move. This involved involved the () _______ _______ of two actionsK ta&&ing the end of the board down and @%m&ing in the air and "ic"ing (0) _______ yo%r front foot. oing these two moves &ro&erly wo%ld () _______ the board to @%m& into into the the air air with with yo yo%. %. This his mo move ve led led to a com& com&le lete tely ly new new (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ of s"ateboarding which event%ally became (11) _______ as street s"ating. 5ince its birth, s"ateboarding has had many (12) _______ of &o&%larity and decline The first &ea" and decline occ%rred in the (1$) _______ seventies. seventies. The re / cent increase in its &o&%larity is &robably (1) _______ to the develo&ment of snowboards, which are (1*) _______ associated with s"ateboards. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. base 7. initiated 7. too" 7. &eriod 7. as long as 7. over 7. mit%re 7. against 7. ca%se 7. range 7. called 7. &hases 7. latest 7. liable 7. nearly
3. fo%ndation 3. born 3. &%lled 3. time 3. as fast as 3. across 3. combination 3. off 3. &rod%ce 3. class 3. "nown 3. changes 3. &ast 3. d%e 3. a&&roimately
. '. basement '. beg%n '. left '. &a%se '. as well as '. by '. lin"ing '. in '. ma"e '. ty&e '. named '. transfers '. last '. following '. closely
. basis . introd%ced . went . while . as soon as . %& . %nion . with . res%lt . fashion . referred . a&&earances 3. late . gratef%l . tightly
178 PIC#ING YOUR THEME PAR#
#f yo%:re loo"ing for a day o%t in 3ritain this s%mmer, there are now do!ens of theme &ar"s to choose from. The am%sements on offer at s%ch &ar"s incl%de a
range of rides which sha"e yo% (1) _______ in vario%s ways, some of them (2) _______ _______ yo% in water water at the same time. time. +or the really really ($) _______, _______, there there are those which t%rn yo% %&side () _______ at great s&eed. 7nd this m%st be how the 3rit/ 3rit / ish en@oy themselves most beca%se last year the nine most (*) _______ theme &ar"s attracted attracted more than twenty million million visitors. visitors. We as"ed three families to (-) _______ some of the to& &ar"s. They told %s what they did, how m%ch they s&ent, how long they >%e%ed for, and how m%ch they en@oyed themselves. They ali had a good () _______ and made some %sef%l s%gg s%ggest estio ions ns.. (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___, _, ta"ing ta"ing yo yo%r %r own &icni &icnicc to save save mo money ney and a () () _______ _______ of clothes in case yo% (16) _______ wet. They also advised (11) (11) _______ _______ for the biggest rides first, as these soon attracted the (12) _______ >%e%es. They fo%nd that those &ar"s where the entry &rice (1$) _______ the rides were better val%e for (1) _______ than those where yo% &ay se&arately for each ride. 4ven so, s&ending on average seventy/fo%r &o%nds each, o%r families fo%nd that a day at a theme &ar" does not (1*) _______ chea&. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. away 7. bathing 7. eciting 7. bac" 7. common 7. try o%t 7. game 7. +or eam&le 7. switch 7. get 7. choosing 7. highest 7. incl%des 7. bargain 7. cost
3. thro%gh 3. showering 3. ris"y 3. down 3. favo%rite 3. go with 3. travel 3. 7s well as 3. swa& 3. "ee& 3. heading 3. greatest 3. co%nts 3. money 3. go
'. over '. washing '. dangero%s '. ro%nd '. &o&%lar '. chec" %& '. f%n '. #nstead of '. change '. catch '. wal"ing ', widest '. involves '. s&ending '. come
. abo%t . wetting . advent%ro%s . o%t . fre>%ent . @oin in . time . 5o that . choice . have . &ointing . longest . contains . &ayment . r%n
179
The elementary means of comm%nicating with other &eo&le is (1) _______ messages by voice. This fact is widely (2) _______ and we recogni!e the voice as
a ($) _______ characteri!ing the identity of a &erson. The array of voices is immeas%rable as no two are eactly similar. They can be nasal, resonant or shrill &rod%ced in () _______ _______ with the individ%al individ%al &hysical (*) (*) _______ _______ of the the throat. 8ne &ossible (-) _______ of the art of voice recognition is voice &rofiling %sed by &olice analysts as a method of () () _______ co%rt co%rt evidence in trials. 4very year tho%sands of a%diota&es with recorded interviews or cas%al %tterances are (0) _______ _______ to the &%r&ose &%r&ose to hel& identify the &robable c%l&rit. 5&ecialists dealing with the voice investigation claim that &eo&le can () _______ themselves away by their accents, inflections inflections or other voice attrib%tes li"e &itch, intensity and lo%dness. 7 recorded sam&le is %s%ally (16) _______ into electric im&%lses and later transformed into a &ictorial recording which is &rocessed by a com&%ter &rogram. &rogram. ery fre>%ently voice analysts have a (11) (11) _______ _______ at deci&hering the relevant information which may be (12) _______ with bac"gro%nd noise or other interfering so%nds %ntil they (1$) _______ the desired res%lts. Than"f%lly, these efforts hel& the &olice detect individ%als who threaten their vict victim imss by &h &hon onee or info inform rm abo% abo%tt bo bomb mb (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ or thos thosee who who ma"e ma"e offensive calls (1*) _______ the &eace of decent citi!ens. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. comm%ting 7. ac"nowledged 7. to"en 7. consent 7. tendencies 7. o&eration 7. s%bstantiating 7. %sed 7. &rove 7. converted 7. sta"e 7. inf%sed 7. elaborate 7. sit%ating 7. dist%rbing
3. conveying 3. reass%red 3. matter 3. accordance 3. credentials 3. handling 3. facilitating 3. set 3. t%rn 3. echanged 3. stab 3. intr%ded 3. manoe%vre 3. de&loying 3. dismantling 180
'. informing '. declared '. feat%re '. de&endence '. assets '. im&lementation '. &ledging '. em&loyed '. give '. ad@%sted '. stac" '. ab%sed '. attain '. settling '. dis&ersing
. discharging . rec"oned . label . s%&&ort . &ro&erties . treatment . withstanding . &%t . tell . reformed . stag . mingled . s%cceed . &lanting . distracting
?%blic o&inion &olls show that crime is (1) _______ as one of the most serio%s &roblems of many societies. Bet, et, (2) _______ _______ st%dies have revealed that the ($) _______ _______ of violent crime is () _______. _______. 8%r &ec%liar awareness and fear is largely bro%ght abo%t by the great attention it is (*) _______ in the mass media and also beca%se of violent crime being a &o&%lar theme for television series and films. 7mong all crimes, m%rder ma"es the (-) _______ and there is little do%bt that homicides still contin%e to be a () _______ >%estion in a n%mber of co%ntries. Thee vari Th vario% o%ss ca%se ca%sess of seve severe re crim crimee are are bein being g cons consta tant ntly ly (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ and and inn%merable reasons for it are being &ointed o%t. 7mong these are %nem&loyment, dr%g dr%g () __ ____ ____ ___ _ inade inade>% >%ate ate &o &olic licee enfor enforcem cement ent,, ineff ineffect ective ive co%rts co%rts,, racial racial discrimination, television and the general (16) _______ in social val%es. 7n ac"nowledged fact is that it is mainly &overty that (11) (11) _______ crime. #n/ divi divid% d%al alss inca inca&a &abl blee of (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ for for them themse selv lves es and and thei theirr fami famili lies es the the r%dimentary means of living %navoidably ta"e (1$) _______ stealing, b%rgling or (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ other other offe offence nces. s. We may try to e&lai e&lain n crime crime on diffe differen rentt (1*) (1*) _______ _______ c%lt%ral, economic, economic, &sychological &sychological or &olitical, b%t b%t criminologists criminologists are still far from detecting the eact so%rce of violent offences as the direct lin" between these &artic%lar factors isn:t &ossible to s&ecify. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. viewed 7. &ervading 7. amo%nt 7. o%ts&o"en 7. awarded 7. ca&tions 7. nagging 7. artic%lated 7. escalation 7. decline 7. rears 7. ins%ring 7. on 7. &erforming 7. motives
3. believed 3. infiltrating 3. deal 3. %&graded 3. granted 3. titles 3. obstr%cting 3. conversed 3. ab%se 3. im&ediment 3. n%rt%res 3, accommodating 3. to 3. f%lfilling 3. gro%nds
'. alleged '. &enetrating '. >%antity '. &res%&&osed '. devoted '. headlines '. b%rdening '. %ttered '. maltreatment '. shortfall '. breeds '. affording '. for '. committing '. arg%ments
. tho%ght . eamining . fig%re . overestimated . entr%sted . broadcast . contending , debated . dis%se . flo& . %rges . sec%ring . with . cond%cting . reasons
181 A =UESTION OF IENTITY
ost yo%ng &eo&le nowadays nowadays do not feel com&elled to follow the advice of fa/ fa / mo%s designers when they choose their clothes, clothes, They have come to the concl%sion that "nowing their own &ersonal (1) _______ is the most im&ortant thing. This means that they can (2) _______ &ractically any clothes they want, as long as they are mo moder dern, n, and they they needn: needn:tt bo both ther er abo%t abo%t the the ($) ______ _______ _ trend trendy y item item of clothing. 7 well/"nown fashion maga!ine advises yo%ng &eo&le to () _______ on lots of clothes %ntil they find the ones they (*) _______ most comfortable in. There are two im&ortant factors they sho%ld (-) _______ in mind. +irst, clothes sho%ld () _______ &ro&erly and be neither too large nor too small. 5econd, they sho%ld (0) _______ with the c%stomer:s lifestyle beca%se in the end, it is a &ersons lifestyle lifestyle that sho%ld dictate his or or her wardrobe. wardrobe. 8%r choice or clothing () _______ something abo%t o%r &ersonalities and o%r &ositive or negative negative (16) _______ _______ to life. life. 5ome &eo&le li"e li"e to (11) (11) _______ to to the same same colo% colo%rs rs and desig design n year year after after year, year, while while other otherss cannot cannot (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___ _ witho witho%t %t consta constant nt chang changes. es. 3%t the refres refreshi hing ng news news is that that yo yo%n %ng g &eo&l &eo&lee are becoming less (1$) _______ on the decisions of the big fashion bosses when it (1) _______ to choosing their clothes. They believe the whole &oint of fashion is to &lay (1*) _______ and have f%n. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. fashion 7. wear 7. act%al 7. a&&ly 7. consider 7. ta"e 7. meas%re 7. go 7. gives 7. attit%de 7. lin" 7. do
3. tendency 3. &%t 3. last 3. try 3. sense 3. bear 3, match 3. s%it 3. offers 3, way 3. stic" 3. have
'. loo"s '. %se '. final '. &rove '. thin" '. bring '. fit '. mi ', says '. behavio%r '. remain '. act
. style . dress . latest . get . feel . set . loo" . a&&rove . s&ea"s . manner . stay . ma"e
1$. 1. 1*.
7. affected 7. brings 7. away
3. s%b@ected 3. comes 3. %&
'. de&endent '. belongs '. aro%nd
. controlled . ta"es . with
182 HISTORY OF ICE CREAM
While few &eo&le claim to be addicted to it, ice cream is certainly a firm (1) _______ _______ among &eo&le of all ages in many &arts of the world. (2) _______ it is commo commonl nly y believ believed ed to have have orig origina inated ted in 'hina, 'hina, and has ($) ($) ___ _____ ____ __ been been associated with #talian man%fact%rers, it doesn:t () _______ come from either of those co%ntries. #ce cream is tho%ght to have originated when chemists in the iddle 4ast (*) _______ o%t that by adding salt to water, yo% effectively cooled it down. #n the eleventh cent%ry, wealthy 7rabs were certainly en@oying sorbets of water ice sweetened (-) _______ s%gar or fr%it @%ice. The () _______ for ma"ing this delicacy (0) _______ fo%nd its way into 4%ro&e, however, and the first boo" to () _______ it was &%blished in #taly in 1*$6. 7t that time, water ices were ty&ically served by monarchs and other im&ortant &eo&le as a s&ecial (16) _______ on great occasions. The 3ritish are s%&&osed to have been res&onsible for (11) _______ %& with the idea of %sing cream in their ices (12) _______ of &lain water and th%s ice cream as we "now it today was born. owever, it was to remain an e&ensive l%%ry beca%se it (1$) _______ on ice im&orted in vast bloc"s from colder climates. #t was only from the mid nineteenth cent%ry (1) _______, with the invention of modern refrigeration refrigeration techni>%es, that ice cream started to (1*) _______ _______ the familiar item of mass cons%m&tio con s%m&tion n that it is today. 1. 2. $. . *. -.
7. &o&%lar 7. oreover 7. long 7. s%ccessf%lly 7. chec"ed 7. from
3. &reference 3. es&ite 3. late 3. &resently 3. wor"ed 3. of
'. favo%rite '. Whether '. ever '. act%ally '. carried '. &l%s
. choice . 7ltho%gh . far . honestly . tho%ght . with
. 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. r%le 7. really 7. mention 7. f%n 7. ma"ing 7. instead 7. leant 7. afterwards 7. establish
3. method 3. caref%lly 3. &oint 3. treat 3. bringing 3. rather 3. based 3. onwards 3. belong
'. way '. li"ely '. remar" '. @o"e '. t%rning '. behalf '. relied '. forwards '. become
. mit%re . event%ally . refer . cheer . coming . re&lace . needed . %&wards . recognise
183 ANIMAL AUNTS
any any &eo&le &eo&le in 3ritai 3ritain n en@oy en@oy "ee&i "ee&ing ng &ets, &ets, b% b%tt "ee&i "ee&ing ng anima animals ls bring bringss re/ s&onsibilities as well as &leas%re and com&anionshi&. +or eam&le, who can be (1) _______ to wal" the dog, feed the cat or chat to the &arrot when the family is away from home< 9illie cNicol who (2) _______ the 7nimal 7%nts animal/ sitting agency ($) _______ to have fo%nd the answer. 5he wor"s with h%ndreds of vol%nteers who are willing to hel& () _______ in @%st s%ch sit%ations. 7nimal a%nts are able to move into client:s homes to (*) _______ after the &ets while they are away on holiday, off on a b%siness (-) _______ or even in hos&ital. 7s well as caring for the animals, the a%nts will also () _______ the &ro&erty clean and are (0) _______ to disco%rage b%rglars. 8f co%rse, some &eo&le @%st need someone someone to () ___ ______ ____ _ once a day to feed the cat, and 7nimal 7nimal 7%nts 7%nts can &rovide this this (16) (16) _______ _______ of service service too. 7nd no animal is too big or too small for the agency to (11) _______ with. 9illie has sent &eo&le to care for all manner of &ets (12) _______ horses, sna"es and even stic" insects. 9illie (1$) _______ 7nimal 7%nts over ten years ago and still o&erates from her home with the hel& of two f%ll/time members of (1) _______. _______. Tod oday ay she has aro%nd five tho%sand (1*) _______ clients and as many as fo%r h%ndred a%nts, and %ncles of co%rse, on her boo"s. 1. 2. $.
7. believed 7. &owers 7. "nows
3. a&&lied 3. bosses 3. seems
'. tr%sted '. drives '. hears
. relied . r%ns . tries
. *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. thro%gh 7. mind 7. tri& 7. get 7. said 7. call o%t 7. >%antity 7. care 7. incl%ding 7. set away 7. gro%& 7. reg%lar
3. ro%nd 3. watch 3. ride 3. "ee& 3. abroad 3. dro& in 3. amo%nt 3. treat 3. containing 3. set %& 3. team 3. often
'. %& '. loo" '. travel '. hold '. aware '. sto& over '. level '. manage '. varying '. set o%t '. firm '. always
. o%t . deal . brea" . bring . realised . sli& in . si!e . co&e . ranging . set off , staff . already
130 HORSES AN LANGUAGE
r Diley Worthington has been doing research into the behavio%r of horses for over ov er twenty twenty/fi /five ve years years.. er latest latest boo" on the s%b@e s%b@ect ct has a cha&te cha&terr which which describes certain e&eriments that she has (1) _______ o%t recently to see how m%ch h%man lang%age horses are able to %nderstand. r Worthington has devised a series of tests over the (2) _______ five years, aimed at meas%ring her horses lang%age/learning ability. The ($) _______, she says, have been remar"able. The horses a&&ear to have learnt a whole () _______ of words incl%ding verbs and ad@ectives as well as no%ns. They have also (*) _______ _______ signs that they can %nderstand emotional terms li"e GscaredH and Gha&&yH. The horses are (-) _______ in family gro%&s and begin their training from () _______. _______. 4ach wee", for fifteen min%tes, they (0) _______ a s&ecial school, where they are &aired with h%man vol%nteers who () _______ them to learn. They are ta%ght to (16) _______ words with ob@ects li"e b%c"ets and blan"ets, and are shown a few gest%res (11) _______ at the same time hearing the words for actions. The gest%res are later dro&&ed so that the horse m%st res&ond to the word (12) (12) __ ____ ____ ___. _. 'lea 'learl rly y, the the ho hors rses es are are no nott go goin ing g to lear learn n to s& s&ea ea", ", b% b%tt r Worthington (1$) _______ that her &%&ils are able to select bl%e, red or yellow
b%c"ets and will &erform actions, (1) _______ _______ "ic"ing a football or &ic"ing (1*) _______ _______ a blan"et, on command. command. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. carried 7. latter 7, res%lts 7. choice 7. bro%ght 7. formed 7. child 7. assist 7. let 7. regard 7. while 7. left 7. wants 7. s%ch as .7. on
3. t%rned 3. &revio%s 3. sol%tions 3. range 3. &roved 3. held 3. birth 3. ta%ght 3. aim 3. associate 3. des&ite 3. a&art 3. a&&ears 3. so that 3. %&
'. &layed '. former '. answers '. co%nt '. shown '. stayed '. once '. st%dy '. hel& '. arrange '. d%ring '. singly '. claims '. instead of '. over
. chec"ed . &ast . re&lies . n%mber . &layed . "e&t . start . attend . lead . re&resent . %nless . alone . &lans . as for . off
185 STONEHENGE
5tonehenge is still a mystery. ,666 years ago do!ens of enormo%s stones (1) _______ _______ li"e a series of doorways in a &erfect circle. They were also &laced in line line with with the the risi rising ng and and (2) (2) __ ____ ____ ___ _ s% s%n. n. Th This is ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ have have been been an etremely so&histicated o&eration () _______ heavy labo%r, organisation and cal/ c%lation which wo%ld challenge engineers even today. 5ome of the stones were (*) _______ from the Welsh mo%ntains to the so%th/ ern &lains of 4ngland and it is still not (-) _______ what made ancient man carry these stones h%ndreds of "ilometres "ilometres () _______ land and water. There have been many theories. #t was once (0) _______ to be a mon%ment to a victory in battle. #t is now more commonly acce&ted that there was a () _______ with s%n worshi& or that it was a tem&le. owever, two (16) _______ are clear. (11) _______, the area was %sed as a b%rial gro%nd and second, it was a &lace of ceremony. (12) _______ all, it is the fact that these massive stones have stood for so long that ama!es (1$) _______
who loo"s at them. Will any mon%ments from the 21st cent%ry still be ca%sing s&ec%lation in ,666 years: (1) _______ and if (1*) _______, what will they be< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &%t 7. falling 7. m%st 7. meaning 7. grabbed 7. recognised 7. thro%gh 7. mentioned 7. @oin 7. arg%ments 7. +irst 7. 8ver 7. &eo&le 7. time 7. it
3, done 3. setting 3. sho%ld 3, containing 3. dragged 3. realised 3. in 3. "nown 3. connection 3. statements 3. 7t the start 3 3eyond 3. everyone 3. ahead 3. that
'. arranged '. lowering '. o%ght '. incl%ding '. crawled '. believed '. across '. told '. relation '. &ositions '. 7t first '. 7bove '. those '. in advance '. so
. laid . sin"ing . co%ld . involving . cre&t . %nderstood . from . said #), bond , &oints . 8ne . 7lmost , them . from now . yes
186 SPORT
5omeone once said that there are three "inds of &eo&leQ who are (1) _______ in s&ortK &eo&le who (2) _______ &art, &eo&le who watch, and &eo&le who watch ($) _______ television. #t:s very easy to ma"e f%n of stay/at/home s&orts () _______ _______ b%t on the other hand, television does enable %s to en@oy all "inds of (*) _______ _______ events. We can watch a racing car (-) _______ another, see a cyclist () _______ _______ the finishing finishing line, or en@oy the goals of o%r favo%rite football (0) _______ _______ The first time # watched a tennis () _______ _______ was on television, and # fo%nd it (16) _______ interesting. #t:s not always easy to (11) _______ long distances to football (12) _______ . and television is a good sol%tion. 8f co%rse, yo% can (1$) _______ %sed to sitting indoors all the time, and this is dangero%s. We sho%ld all try to (1) _______ fit, and have other interests and (1*) _______ 1. 2. $. . *.
7. &laying 7. ta"e 7. by 7. &eo&le 7. the
3. really 3. have 3. with 3. fans 3. f%t%re
'. interested '. ma"e '. on '. &rogrammes '. athlete
. s%cceed . get . from . centres . s&orts
-. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. cross 7. overta"e 7. team 7. that 7. val%able .7. tri& .7. gro%nds .7. or . 7. ma"e . 7. c%stoms
3. overta"e 3. and 3. class 3. it 3. %ne&ectedly 3. to%r 3. areas 3. which 3. "ee& 3. habits
'. or '. &rofessional '. band '. which '. imaginatively '. travel '. teams '. get '. do '. leis%re
. from . cross . gro%& . match . real . &ass . fans . is . have . &astimes
187 EGYPTOMANIA
G4gy&tomaniaH is a new art ehibition which has o&ened at the =o%vre %/ se%m in ?aris. #t shows @%st how (1) _______ images of 4gy&t have emerged thro%gh the (2) _______ and eamines why this ($) _______ c%lt%re has () _______ _______ to have s%ch a &owerf%l infl%ence on the western imagination. imagination. #t has (*) _______ _______ all of the arts, from o&era and cinema to architect%re and f%rnit%re f%rnit%re design. #t (-) _______ _______ five years to &re&are &re&are the ehibition, ehibition, which () _______ _______ more than $66 items, many of them on (0) _______ from international m%se%ms as far () _______ as 7%stralia. #t has generally been tho%ght that 4%ro&ean (16) _______ _______ in 4gy&t started with Na&oleon 3ona&arte:s 3ona&arte:s military cam&aign which lasted from 10 to 1061, b%t the ehibition shows that this is not the (11) _______. _______. There are eam&les of 4gy&tian infl%ence (12) _______ _______ bac" to the early 1th cent%ry. J%een arie 7ntoinette, well "nown for her (1$) _______ of strange and eotic things, (1) _______ an im&ortant role in starting the (1*) _______ _______ for 4gy&tian art in +rance, er bedroom ceiling in ersailles ersailles is &ainted with 4gy&tian images, and there are chairs and tables decorated with small stat%es of yo%ng ?haraohs. 1. 2. $. . *.
7. m%ch 7. &eriods 7. ancient 7. &ersisted 7. moved
3. many 3. times 3. anti>%ated 3. remained. 3. infl%enced
', lot of '. ages '. aged '. lasted '. im&ressed
. every . history . anti>%e . contin%ed . directed
-. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. was 7. covers 7. loan 7. from 7. attraction 7. sit%ation 7. going 7. affection 7. did 7. fashion
3. needed 3. incl%des 3. advance 3. abroad 3, attention 3. case 3. t%rning 3. care 3. had 3. style
'. %sed 9. involves. '. credit '. along '. interest '. state '. moving '. love '. too" '. convention
. too" . consists . gift . away . c%riosity . event . coming . li"e . &layed . c%stom
188 IT)S A OG)S LIFE
Will it ever be &ossible for %s to "now eactly what o%r &ets are thin"ing or feeling< 7ct%ally, this day may not be so (1) _______ away. 7 Fa&anese toy/ ma"ing firm has (2) _______ %& with a gadget that can read a dog:s emotions. Thee com& Th com&an any y call callss thei theirr ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the G3ow G3owli ling ng%a %alH lH.. The devi device ce is () () _______ _______ to a s&ecial collar which the dog (*) _______ _______ aro%nd its nec", and can (-) _______ information abo%t the dogs feelings electronically to a handset "e&t by the dog:s dog:s owner. owner. The com&any () _______ that the 3owling%al can (0) _______ si different feelings, incl%ding fear, ha&&iness ha&&iness and sadness, by inter&reting the different different ways in which the dog bar"s. 3%t how does the 3owling%al act%ally () _______< 5cientists analysed the bar"s they recorded from a n%mber of dogs in vario%s different sit%ations and (16) _______ si general &atterns of so%nd (11) _______ to different feelings.The 3owling%al is &rogrammed with these &atterns and can (12) _______ them to the so%nd a dog ma"es and then translate this into a sentence that can be (1$) _______ %nderstood. 5ome eam&les of what dogs a&&arently say are G#:m lonely,H and G?lease &lay with me a bit moreAH The device is also fitted with a diary that (1) _______ the whole of the dog:s day with (1*) _______ _______ s%ch as GWe:v GWe:vee done so many good things today today What What a ha&&y dayAH 1. 2.
7. m%ch 7. &%t
3. distant 3. come
'. long '. ta"en
. far . made
$. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. invention 7. carried 7. fetches 7. etend 7. claims 7. acce&t 7. &lay 7. shared 7. relating 7. s%it 7. s%rely 7. s%ms %& 7. &roverbs
3. develo&ment 3. &lanned 3. wears 3. s&read 3. &retends 3. "now 3. wor" 3. divided 3. accom&anying 3. design 3. sim&ly 3. gives o%t 3. statements
'. constr%ction '. attached '. holds '. &%sh '. &ers%ades '. realise ', find '. identified '. concerning '. match '. fl%ently '. &%ts away '. acco%nts
. b%ilding . comm%nicated . transfers . send . tells . recognise . go . associated . a&&lying . give . easily . ta"es on &. >%estions
189 OFFICE STRESS
5tressf% 5tressf%ll atmos&he atmos&heres, res, (1) ___ ______ ____ _ of deadline deadliness and long ho%rs dom dominat inatee office life, according to a s%rvey (2) _______ recently. The ma@ority of those >%estioned said a good salary and career ($) _______ were their main reason for wor"ing. 3%t () _______ n%mbers did not believe their em&loyers offered either. #n general the s%rvey fo%nd that most felt that (*) _______ _______ of life was more im&ortant im&ortant than (-) _______ _______ and com&any &er"s. ost wo%ld &refer em&loyers to offer () _______ ho%rs, challenging tas"s and @ob (0) _______ _______ rather than &er"s s%ch as com&any cars and &rivate health care. any em&loyers: () _______ to %nderstand this meant more than a third worried abo%t their wor" on holiday, and 6 &er cent too" days off (16) _______ when not ill. Wor"ers were also (11) _______ by the conditions they had to wor" in. 7 fifth str%ggled with (12) _______ technology, bady lit offices and chairs which ca%sed bac"ache. alf said their (1$) _______ wo%ld increase if their environment im&roved. 8n the &l%s side, the biggest (1) _______ was the friendshi& offered by col/ leag%es, and it a&&ears that the office also affords the chance to flirt with col/ leag%es, ma"e (1*) _______ calls to friends abroad, steal stationery and &lay com&%ter games.
1. 2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. weight 7. &%blicised 7, &ros&ects 7. im&ortant 7. >%ality 7. stat%s 7. &liable 7. safety 7. fail%re 7. indis&osed 7. &estered 7. behind the times 7. fertility 7. reimb%rsement 7. idiosyncratic
3. force 3. &rinted 3. odds 3. significant 3. calibre 3. ran" 3. elastic 3. sanct%ary 3. defeat 3. sic" 3. inflamed 3. e&ired 3. ca&acity 3. damages 3. &ersonal
'. heaviness '. &%blished '. o%tloo"s '. heavy '. ecellence '. degree '. amenable '. sec%rity '. deficiency '. in@%red '. irritated '. invalid '. &rod%ctivity '. atonement '. %ni>%e
. &ress%re . &roclaimed . views . im&ressive . worth . grade . fleible . &rotection . lac" . %nwell . r%ffled . o%t/of/date . val%e . com&ensation . individ%al
190 LI!ING IN THE U#
When in 3ritain yo% m%st never com&lain. 'om&laining is very %n/3ritish. #f yo% are (1) _______ waiting half an ho%r in a sho&, if a b%s (2) _______ is r%de to yo%, if a waiter brings yo%r food ice/cold / yo% "ee& yo%r mo%th sh%t. The ($) _______ _______ %&&er li& is the 3ritish way. way. 8ther nationalities nationalities might ma"e a () _______, _______, &rotest lo%dly or call for the manager, manager, b%t not not the 3ritish. 3ritish. Eemember also that 3ritish ears are (*) _______ not t%ned to hear com&laints. 7 friend of mine was a reg%lar (-) _______ at a famo%s and e&ensive =ondon resta%rant. 4very day at 2 &.m. and &.m. the () _______ manager wo%ld come o%t (as he had been doing for the last $ years), go from table to table and (0) _______ _______ Gid yo% en@oy yo%r meal%ated manager (12) _______ at his table as %s%al and as"ed, Gid yo% en@oy
yo%r meal, sir%io%s smile, saidK GThan" yo% very m%ch, sirH, and moved on, >%ite (1*) _______. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. "e&t 7. assistant 7. hard 7. disc%ssing 7. %tterly 7. s%&&orter 7. mat%re 7. in>%ire 7Q, raised 7. motion 7. abominable 7. s%rfaced 7. 5incerely 7. c%stomary 7. convinced
3, made 3. attendant 3. stiff 3. arg%ment 3. easily 3. c%stomer 3. o%tdated 3. >%ery 3. bro%ght 3, &rogress 3. &ainf%l 3. a&&eared 3. =argely 3. average 3. f%lfilled
'. stayed '. cond%ctor '. firm '. >%arrel '. sim&ly '. &%rchaser '. elderly '. re>%est '. ed%cated '. shift '. offensive '. descended '. 3l%ntly '. common&lace '. satisfied
. held . steward . infleible . f%ss . modestly . g%est . vintage . &robe . grown . stride . harrowing . @oined . +ran"ly . daily . com&lete
191 ARISTOTLE
7ristotle lived d%ring the time when ?hili& of acedonia was con>%ering ar/ eas of 9reece s%ch as 7ttica. 7ristotle (1) _______ to 7thens when he was 1 to st%dy &hiloso&hy. e became a st%dent of ?lato, only (2) _______ the academy after ?lato s death. 7fter a &eriod of ($) _______, 7ristotle decided to () _______ with his former teacher:s views on &hiloso&hy. #n $$ 3' he was em&loyed as a t%tor t%tor for for 7leand leander er the 9reat, 9reat, whom whom he ta%gh ta%ghtt for for fo%r fo%r years. years. 7rist 7ristotl otlee (*) (*) _______ _______ the =yce%m, =yce%m, which was well "nown for its !oo and library, a &%blic gar/ gar / den and a gymnasi%m, gymnasi%m, which was (-) _______ to 7&ollo. 7&ollo. 7ristotle 7ristotle lect%red to his st%dents there, and it () _______ an ed%cational instit%tion for 066 years. 7fter 7leander:s death, anti/acedonian feeling (0) _______ 7ristotle to esca&e to the north where he lived for one year, () _______ his death at the age of -2. Cnfort%/ nately, only a fifth of his writings have (16) _______. These wor"s are mostly (11) _______ %& of those discovered in a cellar in 166 3'. There are -6 (12)
_______ _______ wor"s and 26 &se%donymo%s &se%donymo%s (1$) _______ _______ ones. 5ince the time of the find, &hiloso&hers have arg%ed abo%t the val%e and meting of his writings. +or eam&le, in #taly in the 1*66:s there was a reaction against his ideas, which were (1) _______ as %nnecessarily com&licated. #n s&ite of this, his infl%ence as a &hiloso&her &hiloso&her has contin%ed contin%ed to the (1*) _______ _______ day. day. 1. 2. $. . *. -. 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. went 7. abandoning 7. voyage 7. brea" 7. formed 7. dedicated 7. end%red 7. made 7. since 7. traced 7. held 7. &%re 7. wrong 7. declared 7. &resent
3. arrived 3. leaving 3. tri& 3. se&arate 3. based 3. devoted 3. lasted 3. forced 3. at 3. resc%ed 3, "e&t 3. real 3. false 3. seen 3. now
'. landed '. deserting '. @o%rney '. sto& '. fo%nded '. offered '. remained '. "ic"ed '. to '. s%rvived '. t%rned '. gen%ine '. artificial '. observed '. c%rrent
. reached #), esca&ing . travel . o&&ose . im&osed . given . "e&t . &%shed . %ntil . saved . made . tr%e . fa"e , noticed . close
192 ART IN AMSTERAM
8ne of the world:s most radical m%se%ms, which can be fo%nd in 7msterdam, has recently reached the great (1) _______ of 166. The 5tedeli@" %se%m first o&ened its (2) _______ on 1 5e&tember, 10* and it was controversial from the start. The +rench &oet 7&&olinaire 7&&olinaire ($) _______ it as Gthe only &lace in the () _______ where yo% can see tr%ly modern artH. +rom the (*) _______ its main (-) _______ was t6 dis&lay the best of new art whether it was acce&ted by the establishment or not. 3ac" in 16*, its decision to show the wor" of an 9ogh () _______ a &roblem with city a%thorities, as his wor" was Glittle val%ed: at the time. 3%t the (0) _______ tro%ble started after the War when they decided to ehibit even more e&erimental wor". E%di +%chs, the () _______ director of the m%se%m, has decided to be a bit more (16) _______ in his choice of ehibits, as (11) _______
to &revio%s directors. e believes it is his (12) _______ to care for the old collection of &aintings as well as to contin%e enco%raging new art. 7s (1$) _______ _______ as the f%t%res concerned, he has decided to dis&lay a (1) _______ collection of modern classics incl%ding art dating bac" to the 1th cent%ry, b%t he will also contin%e to (1*) _______ for more %n%s%al and daring wor" to dis&lay at the 5tedeli@". 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. era 7. doors 7. ill%strated 7. earth 7. introd%ction 7. ca%se 7. made 7. a&&arent 7. &resent 7. constant 7. o&&osed 7. intention 7. long 7. contin%al 7. search
3. age 3. hands 3. defined 3. continent 3. origin 3. view 3 ca%sed 3. tr%e 3. to&ical 3, steady 3. contrasted 3. charge 3. far 3. constant 3. viewL
'. birth '. entrance '. described '. 4%ro&e '. beginning '. reason '. bro%ght '. real '. now '. st%c" '. different '. d%ty '. m%ch '. fied '. investigate
. &eriod . gates . characterised . world . commencement . &%r&ose . did . virt%al . contem&orary . ca%tio%s . %nli"e , aim , tho%gh . &ermanent . e&lore
193 PANAMA HATS
When s%mmer comes and the s%n a&&ears, it:s (1) _______ to have a hat. any &eo&le have traditionally (2) _______ for the &anama hat. 5tylish, tight and cool on the head, these &alm leaf hats are fleible eno%gh to roll %& and ($) _______ _______ in a &oc"et or bag. Nowadays &anamas can be fo%nd in fashionable fashionable sho&s () _______ over the world, sometimes at eorbitant (*) _______. owever the hat itself originated in rather h%mble (-) _______ in the @%ngles of 5o%th 7merica. #n a long tradition () _______ down from generation to generation, the &alm leaves are (0) _______ by the men and the hats are woven by the woman. #t can () _______ %& to 12 &alm leaves to ma"e a (16) _______ >%ality hat. 4ach leaf is s&lit %& to 2* times to obtain a straw that is fine eno%gh to be woven into a
hat. The women:s @ob is dictated by the weather and visibilityK there m%st be eno%gh light for them to (11) _______ the fine straw, b%t the air m%st be moist eno%gh for it to (12) _______ fleible. This means that the women can %s%ally only wor" in the (1$) _______ morning. (1) _______ &anama hats are e&ensive, bac" in the villages the craftsmen and women are str%ggling str%ggling to "ee& the tradition (1*) _______ and often receive only a fraction of the &rice yo% &ay in the sho&s. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. well 7. so%ght 7. &%t 7. on 7. &rices 7. &arts 7. &ast 7. gathered 7. need 7. great 7 see 7. contin%e 7. &rom&t 7. 4ven 7. live
3. right 3. gone 3. add 3. all 3. tags 3. s%rro%ndings 3. given 3. congregated 3. be 3. grade 3. watch 3. end%re 3. soon 3. 7ltho%gh 3. eisting
'. f%nctional '. as"ed '. locate '. thro%gho%t '. amo%nts '. areas '. handed '. gro%&ed '. want '. to& '. discern '. &ersist '. early '. 3%t '. alive
. good . tried . insert . at . costs . environments . delivered . massed . ta"e . class . attend . remain . fast . 5till . lively
194 HOW TO HA!E HA!E PERFECT PERF ECT POSTURE POSTU RE
Net time yo% ta"e a loo" in the mirror, mirror, try standing sideways on. o yo% see a long elegant bac" or are yo%r sho%lders as ro%nded as the h%m& of a camel< 3ad &ost%re normally starts in o%r teenage years when we slo%ch aro%nd with o%r (1) _______ _______ trying to loo" loo" cool. 3%t (2) _______ _______ %& those those who now while away their days sitting in front of a com&%ter where it:s ($) _______ too easy to () _______ something as essential as good &ost%re. 7s we grow older these &oor (*) _______ are eacerbated, b%t by ta"ing (-) _______ _______ immediately we can not only loo" and feel better b%t &rotect o%r body for the f%t%re. a"e s%re yo% slee& on a firm mattress at night. () _______ lying flat on yo%r bac"; instead try slee&ing in a c%rled &osition on yo%r side. The (0)
_______ _______ revival in &latform shoes doesn:t doesn:t hel& and wearing shoes with heels more than () _______ centimetres high is @%st as"ing for (16) _______. on:t load everything into a bag that yo% wear on one sho%lder or yo%:ll end %& lo&sided. (11) _______ the weight evenly by wearing a r%c"sac" or even a bag aro%nd yo%r waist. When yo% get home from a day:s st%dying st%dying or wor" it:s all too (12) _______ to sl%m& on the sofa in front of the telly. 5itting in this way (1$) _______ _______ feel comfortable comfortable b%t it &revents yo% from breathing &ro&erly. &ro&erly. Try to sit (1) _______ with the stomach &%lled (1*) _______ in. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. mates 7. head 7. so 7. miss 7. c%stoms 7. action 7. 4vade 7. c%rrent 7. vario%s 7. concern 7. 5catter 7. enticing 7. will 7. level 7. firmly
3. ac>%aintances 3. feet 3. all 3. mistreat 3. rit%als 3. something 3. 7void 3. to&ical 3. considerable 3. &roblem 3. istrib%te 3. attractive 3. co%ld 3. erect 3. strongly
'. colleag%es '. hands 9. >%ite '. harm '. habits '. moves '. ?revent '. contem&orary '. several '. f%ss '. isseminate '. irresistible '. may '. vertical '. tightly
. co%nter&arts . eyes . rather . neglect . &ractices . co%rse . Eestrain . eisting . n%mero%s . tro%ble . 'irc%late . tem&ting . sho%ld . %&right . shar&ly
195 THEME HOLIAYS IN SCOTLAN
#f yo% li"e to b%ild yo%r holiday ro%nd a theme or &artic%lar activity, there are many many o& o&&o &ort rt%n %nit itie iess o& o&en en to yo yo%. %. Th Thee 5cot 5cotti tish sh To%ris %ristt 3oar 3oard d &% &%bl blis ishe hess an ecellent (1) _______, 7dvent%re and 5&ecial #nterest olidays in 5cotland, con/ taining (2) _______ of do!ens of ideas for GdifferentH holidays together with ad/ dresses to ($) _______. Write for a co&y to any of their offices. Bo% can, for eam&le, go on an archaeological holiday and be () _______ to the many &rehistoric (*) _______ on the 5olway 'oast and the 4arly 'hristian remains at Whithorn. +or creative &eo&le there are any n%mber of arts and crafts
(-) _______ that offer instr%ction as well as () _______. ?rices vary, de&ending on the (0) _______ _______ of teaching and accommodation. 5%b@ects range from &ainting and m% m%sic sic to wood/ wood/car carvin ving, g, silver silver sm smith ithing ing and () () __ _____ _____ __.. 8%tdoo 8%tdoorr (16) (16) _______ _______ can choose choose from a wide range too / from bird watching to cam&ing, from from gliding to golf . #f yo%:ve always wanted to see the west (11) _______ of 5cotland from the sea b%t haven:t got yo%r own boat and &refer an e&erienced hand at the helm, try 5T7 5chooners. They (12) _______ wee"/long voyages in the Tall 5hi& alcolm iller, a $66/ton schooner, and &art of the e&erience is that yo% are one of the (1$) _______ a &leas%re for which yo% &ay >%ite a lot. ebridean #sland 'r%ises offer a variety of cr%ises to many of the most bea%tif%l s&ots on the western sea/ board in the ebridean ?rincess, a l%%ry floating floating hotel with a crew of thirty (1) _______ _______ forty &assengers. &assengers. #f yo%:re l%c"y with the weather and can (1*) _______ _______ it this co%ld be the ideal holiday for yo%. 1. 2, $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &ros&ect%s 7. data 7. visit 7. introd%ced 7. sit%ations 7. &ractices 7. relaation 7. amo%nt 7. sailing 7. e&erts 7. coast 7. set 7. crew 7. to ta"e on 7. b%y
3. catalog%e 3. facts 3. contact 3. referred 3. sites 3. st%dies 3. learning 3. ca&acity 3. stone/c%tting 3. s&orts 3. shore 3. ta"e 3. staff 3. to hel& 3. afford
'. @o%rnal '. details '. write '. invited '. sights '. careers '. im&rovement '. >%ality '. water/s"iing '. activities '. ban" '. r%n '. team '. to treat '. &ay
. broch%re . information . "now . &resented . sightings . co%rses . rec%&eration . >%antity . chess . enth%siasts . seaside . stage . gro%& . to loo" after . s&end
196 WOLE SOYIN#A
Wole 5oyin"a, who was born in 1$, is a Nigerian writer, &oet and &lay/ wright. any (1) _______ him as 7frica:s most (2) _______ &laywright. &laywright. e won
the Nobel ?ri!e for =iterat%re in 10-, the first 7frican writer to win this hono%r. 5oyin"a has &layed an active role in Nigeria:s ($) _______ history. #n 1-, d%ring the 'ivil War in Nigeria, he was arrested by the +ederal 9overnment and &%t in solitary () _______ for attem&ting attem&ting to bro"er a &eace between the warring &arties. While in &rison he wrote (*) _______ _______ which was &%blished &%blished in a collection. e was released two years later after international international attention was drawn to his (-) _______. is e&eriences in &rison are reco%nted in a boo". e is an o%ts& o% ts&o"e o"en n () __ ____ ____ ___ _ of many many Nigeri Nigerian an admin administ istrat ratio ions ns,, and of &o &olit litica icall tyrannies worldwide, incl%ding the/%gabe regime in imbabwe. %ch of his (0) _______ _______ has been concerned with Gthe () _______ _______ boot and the irrelevance of the colo%r of the foot that wears itH. 10- was his most glorio%s year and occ%rred d%ring d%ring the reigns of several vio/ vio / lent and re&ressive 7frican regimes. The 5wedish 7cademy (16) _______ him the Nobel ?ri!e for =iterat%re as a writer Gwho in a wide (11) (11) _______ &ers&ective and with &oetic overtones fashions the drama of (12) _______.H The foremost Nigerian (1$) _______ _______ became the first 7frican 7frican Nobel la%reate, enshrined forever in the history of world literat%re. is Nobel =ect%re was devoted to 5o%th 7frican freedom/fighter freedom/fighter Nelson andela. 5oyin"a:s 5oyin"a:s (1) _______ s&eech criticised a&art/ heid and the &olitics of racial segregation im&osed on the &o&%lation by the Na/ tionalist 5o%th 7frican government. That year bro%ght him another (1*) _______ award M the 7gi& ?ri!e for =iterat%re // and he was awarded a Nigerian national decorationK 'ommander of the +ederal Ee&%blic. 1. 2. $. . *. -. 7&
0. . 16. 11.
7. consider 7. disting%ish 7, &olitic 7. confining 7. &oet 7. im&risonment 7. criticise 7. writings 7. o&&ress 7. granted 7. c%lt%re
3. believe 3. disting%ished 3, &olitician 3. confine 3. &oems 3. in &rison 3. criticism 3. writer 3. o&&ression ,3. awarded 3. c%lt%red
'. thin" '. disting%ishable '. &olitically '. confinement '. &oem '. @ailer '. criticising '. wright '. o&&ressive '. awards '. c%lt%ral
. regard . disting%ishing . &olitical . config%ration . &oetry . &risoner . critic . writing . o&&resser grants . c%lt%res
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. eistence 7. dramatic 7. acce&ting 7. literary
3. eistent 3. dramatist 3. acce&t 3. literate
'. eist '. dramatically '. acce&ted '. literally
. eistential . drama . acce&tance . . literal
197 ART GOES AUIO
isitors to the famo%s Tate 9allery in =ondon can now (1) _______ the 3ritish artist avid oc"ney tal" abo%t one of his &aintings, which is (2) _______ The 3igger 5&lash. +ollowing +ollowing the eam&le of the +rench, who have ($) _______ _______ s%ch a system in the =o%vre in ?aris, technology is coming to both the Tate and the National 9allery, 9allery, two of 3ritain:s 3ritain:s () _______ _______ &restigio%s &restigio%s art instit%tions. instit%tions. The Tate is now offering Tateinform, a &ersonal a%dio (*) _______ to the &aintings and sc%l&t%res (-) _______ show, and to the themes of () _______ dis&lays. 7t the (0) _______ of a b%tton visitors can listen to artists, art critics and gallery c%rators e&laining any wor" that () _______ their interest; they can sto&, start, rewind or fast/forward their cassette machines (16) _______ they want. any of the commentaries on wor"s of art (11) _______ several layers of information. 5tyle, content and symbols may be e&lained, or yo% may even be given details of &artic%lar &aints the artist has %sed. 5ome of the artists (12) _______ _______ on the ins&iration ins&iration for their own wor"s. avid oc"ney, for (1$) _______ tal"s abo%t his interest in the s%rface and movement of water in his commentary for The 3igger 5&lash. The (1) _______ of a%dio g%ides is a great hel& to &eo&le wanting to (1*) _______ _______ a better %nderstandi %nderstanding ng of art. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16.
7. listen 7. told 7. bro%ght on 7. m%ch 7. g%ide 7. in 7. certain 7. switch 7. fills 7. that
3. hear 3. said 3. bro%ght in 3, wholly 3. instr%ction 3. on 3. definite 3. &ress 3. o&ens 3. however
'. attend . observe '. called . anno%nced L '. bro%ght abo%t . bro%ght along ', great . most '. &lan . ma& '. at . to '. sec%re . s%re '. to%ch #), &%sh '. t%rns . catches '. whenever . where
11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
.7. say . 7. aim .7. ill%stration .7. introd%ction .7. earn
3. offer 3. direct 3. sam&le 3. start 3. ta"e
'. &ro&ose '. loo" '. instance '. &resentation '. win
. tell . foc%s , case . discovery . gain
198 SECRET AGENT PON
'harles ?ond had been wor"ing late that night. The only so%nd that co%ld be heard was the so%nd of his fingers on the (1) _______. e had been (2) _______ to finish his re&ort and now time was r%nning ($) _______. e had to finish before they got there. e was () _______ the last &aragra&h on the com&%ter when s%ddenly he (*) _______ a noise @%st o%tside the window. ?ond "new 'a&%ccinos men were (-) _______ for him b%t he hadn:t e&ected them to () _______ _______ %& so >%ic"ly. >%ic"ly. e ignored the so%nd and (0) _______ _______ on writing. Then he heard footste&s. e immediately () _______ the tet and went over to the window to (16) _______. e drew the c%rtains (11) _______ ?ond co%ld see from the wet roads that it had been raining (12) _______ night. e co%ld see nobody, b%t tho%ght he:d better go o%t and (1$) _______ @%st in case. e o&ened the door and (1) _______ slowly into the ear den. Then he saw someone r%nning (1*) _______ _______ in the dar"ness. dar"ness. 1. 2. $. . * -. . 0. . 16 11. 12.. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. hard dis" 7. managing 7. off 7. terminating 7. heard 7. ma"ing 7. go 7. went 7. loaded 7. control 7. aside 7. thro%gho%t .7 chec" 7. climbed towards
3. "eyboard 3. inca&able 3. o%t 3. ending 3. noticed 3. r%nning 3. t%rn 3. too" 3. &ressed 3. ins&ect 3. away 3. entire 3. watch 3. wal"ed 3. o%t
'. screen '. %nable '. away '. finishing '. felt '. seeing '. r%n '. contin%ed '. saved '. test '. o%t '. whole '. in>%ire '. ran '. away
. &rocessor . %nl%c"y . %& . com&leting . listened . searching . get . &%shed . sent . investigate . off . all . control . fell . %&
199 HI! BREA#THROUGH
5cientists believe that they have made a (1) _______ brea"thro%gh in fighting # M they have shown what ha&&ens when an infection/fighting antibody at/ tac"s a (2) _______ in #:s ($) _______ defences. +inding a vaccine against # has been very diffic%lt beca%se the &roteins on the s%rface of the vir%s are contin%ally m%tating, b%t they have shown an antibody, called bl2, attac"ing a wea" s&ot of the vir%s where the &rotein is () _______. The vir%s is able to (*) _______ _______ ra&idly to avoid (-) _______ _______ by the imm%ne system, system, and is also covered in s%gary molec%les which bloc" access by antibodies. () _______, certain &arts of the vir%s m%st remain (0) _______ %nchanged so that it can catch hold of and enter h%man cells. 8ne &rotein that stic"s o%t from the s%rface of the vir%s and binds to rece&tors on host cells is one s%ch region, which ma"es it a target for vaccine develo&ment. develo&ment. ?revio%s analyses of the () _______ of &eo&le that have been able to "ee& # from develo&ing into 7#5 for long &eriods of time (16) _______ revealed a (11) _______ _______ gro%& of antibodies antibodies / incl%ding incl%ding bl2 M that seem to fight # # with some degree of (12) _______. The latest st%dy showed how the antibody and (1$) _______ _______ &rotein interact. 5cientists ho&e that revealing the (1) _______ of this bond in s%ch (1*) (1*) _______ _______ detail will will &rovide &rovide cl%es abo%t abo%t how best to attac" #. #. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. ma@or 7. line 7. consider 7. stable 7. m%tation 7. detective 7. owever 7. relative 7. bleed 7. was 7. seldom
3. ma@ority 3. s&ace 3. considerate 3. %nstable 3. m%tant 3. detect 3. Tho%gh 3. relatively 3. blood 3. have 3. occasional
'. sol%tion '. ga& '. considerably '. instability '. m%tating '. detection '. 7lso '. relatives '. bleeding '. has '. rarely
. final . sha&e . considerable . stability . m%tate . detecting . 4ven tho%gh . relation . bloody . were . rare
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. s%ccess 7. a 7. str%ct%re 7. >%ite
3. s%ccessf%l 3. the 3. strict%re 3. &recision
'. s%ccessf%lly '. these '. bl%e&rint '. eacting
. s%cceed . X . &lan . &recise
200 #ITCHEN STAR
?eter White has made s%ch a great s%ccess of his new resta%rant GTastesH that he has @%st received a second star. The fo%rteen/table resta%rant is (1) _______ boo"ed every evening this year, and two rece&tionists rece&tionists are on f%ll/time d%ty to ens%re the b%siness (2) _______ smoothly. Not only is he f%lfilling a lifelong ambition, he is also ($) _______ more than he ever dreamt &ossible / he:s @%st bo%ght a new +errari to add to his () _______ _______.. owe oweve verr, life life hasn hasn:t :t alwa always ys been been so easy easy for for ?ete ?eterr. e (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ in Northern #reland, #reland, in a family which, altho%gh &oor, &oor, always (-) _______ _______ on eating well and they never went () _______. 7fter doing a (0) _______ at catering college, college, and () _______ _______ his eams eams with distinctio distinction, n, he moved to =ondon =ondon to wor" wor" in on onee of the the city city::s (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ rest resta% a%ra rant nts. s. 8n his his firs firstt day day ?ete ?eter r remembers two things P the smell of (11) _______ bread and the chef throwing a &an of sa%ce at him at him beca%se he hadn:t (12) _______ _______ it eno%ghA ?eter (1$) _______ _______ that he doesn:t doesn:t treat his own (1) _______ _______ in s%ch a manner, (1*) _______ _______ he does admit admit to reg%lar reg%lar sho%ting sho%ting and b%rst b%rst of angerA angerA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. f%lly 7. flows 7. ta"ing 7. set 7. grew %& 7. &romised 7. after 7. co%rse 7. >%alifying 7. head 7. roasting 7. grated 7. tells
3. totally 3. ha&&ens 3. gaining 3. store 3. &%t %& 3. maintained 3. witho%t 3. wor" 3. s%cceeding 3. &ea" 3, ba"ing 3. cho&&ed 3. s&ea"s
'. absol%tely '. r%ns '. winning '. collection '. bro%ght %& '. acce&ted '. over '. training '. grad%ating '. to& '. grilling '. stirred '. denies
. entirely . moves . earning . gro%& . showed %& . insisted . %nder . lect%re . &assing . lead . coo"ing . t%rned . claims
1. 1*.
7. crew 7. altho%gh
3. staff 3. beca%se
'. troo& '. even
. band . des&ite
201
#f yo% decide to b%y a &et, yo% sho%ld (1) _______ o%t as m%ch as &ossible abo%t the &et yo% (2) _______, 'ats are easy to ($) _______ after and seem to be () _______, _______, b%t also need the com&any com&any of &eo&le. #f yo%r yo%r cat finds someone someone who (*) _______ _______ for it more than yo% yo% do, it will change change ownersA 7. 7. small &%&&y may loo" loo" li"e a (-) _______ &et, b%t don:t forget that it will () _______ %&. Bo% may not be able to (0) _______ %& with a very large large dog that is too big for its () _______ and which (16) _______ on slee&ing on yo%r bedA Cnless yo% (11) _______ it, it may attac" &eo&le, or (12) _______ lo%dly day and night. Nobody loves a (1$) _______ _______ &et. ?erha&s ?erha&s this is why why so many &eo&le &eo&le (1) _______ in for birds birds or fish fish as &ets. Whatever yo% decide in the (1*) _______, thin" caref%lly before yo% ma"e a decision. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0 . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. find 7. ta"e 7. r%n 7. sing%lar 7. cares 7. s%ited 7. get 7. stay 7. lodging 7, relies 7. lesson 7. bar" 7. disobey 7. &refer 7. ho%se
3. loo" 3. decide 3. loo" 3. de&ended 3. feeds 3. s%iting 3. grow 3. live 3. "ennel 3. concentrates 3. learn 3. >%ac" 3. disobeying 3. go 3. fact
'. go '. choose '. find '. single '. loo"s '. s%it '. stand '. &%t '. c%&board '. carries '. train '. moo '. disobedient '. decide '. first
. ta"e . do . change . inde&endent . loves . s%itable . b%y . feed . bo . insists . ed%cate . wag . disobeyed . ta"e . end
202 ANN "OHNSON - A CONFIENTIAL REPORT
7nn Fohnson has wor"ed at this college for three years. 5he is a (1) _______ em&loyee, and (2) _______ on well with the other members of the de&artment.
We have all fo%nd her to be an ecellent ($) _______. 5he has always been () _______ _______ for her lessons, and is an etremely (*) _______ member member of staff who is able to wor" inde&endently. # can always (-) _______ on her to organi!e the end of term &lay, and she has &%t on some etremely () _______ &rod%ctions. er st%dents often tell me how (0) _______ she is, always ready with a smile, and she has been very () _______ to many of them. #n (16) _______ she is not very tal"ative and seems rather (11) _______ at first, and might not show her tr%e (12) _______ _______ in an interview. interview. er wor" is ecellent, and she is (1$) _______ to s%cceed. 5he is also >%ite (1) _______, and has a&&lied for two other &ositions as irector of 5t%dies. # thin" that yo% can co%nt (1*) _______ 7nn to ma"e yo%r school a s%ccess, and # recommend her for the &ost of irector. 1. 2, $. . *. -. 7.
0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. conscience 7. gets 7. fellow 7. times 7. greedy 7. re>%est 7. imaginary 7. tem&ered 7. "ind 7. first 7. shy 7. &erson 7, %sed 7. obedient 7. on
3. conscientio%s 3. carries 3. ad%lt 3. late 3. la!y 3. concentrate 3. imaginative 3. fran" 3. aggressive 3. times 3. b%t 3. character 3. had 3. ambitio%s 3. for
'. conscio%sness '. goes '. em&loyer '. &%nct%al '. st%bborn '. rely '. imagination '. cheerf%l '. &olite '. %s%al '. however '. behavio%r '. determined '. gratef%l '. with
. conscio%s . li"es . colleag%e . ho%rly . reliable . ta"e , imagined . &ro%d . mean . &rivate , alone . &art . s%&&osed . disa&&ointed . to
203 OG RACE IN ALAS#A
4very winter in 7las"a a race is held. 3%t this is no ordinary race. Teams of dogs &%ll wooden sleds along the snow and ice. 7. single driver is in (1) _______ of each team, and stands on the sled. This race is (2) _______ _______ as the #ditarod, and r%ns from the town of 7nchorage to the village of Nome, a @o%rney of more than 1,-66 "ilometres. #t %s%ally ($) _______ the dogs ten days to () _______ the
co%rse. The #ditarod is %s%ally r%n in etremely diffic%lt weather (*) _______ aytime tem&erat%res (-) _______ from !ero to min%s 6 degrees. isibility is often very &oor, so drivers drivers never allow themselves to become () _______ _______ from their their team of dogs. #ndeed, the drivers (0) _______ almost entirely on the dogs for their s%r/ vival. 4ach year a considerable () _______ of com&etitors have to (16) _______ from the race owing to eha%stion or coldness, and sometimes even the dogs get ill or in@%red. The (11) _______ of the race goes bac" many years to a time when some medicine needed to be ta"en to Nome, a very remote village. (12) _______ &artic%larly severe weather, the only (1$) _______ _______ to send the medicine from 7nchorage was %sing a gro%& of h%s"y dogs. a&&ily, the medicine was delivered @%st in time to (1) _______ lives. 7las"ans 7las"ans celebrate the heroic @o%rney with the #ditarod, which (1*) _______ the same ro%te across the fro!en interior of 7las"a. 1, 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. res&onsibility 7. called 7. ta"es 7. end 7. bac"gro%nds 7. range 7. bro"en 7. rest 7. amo%nt 7. remove 7. origin 7. ?roviding that 7. way 7. free 7. does
3. direction 3. "nown 3. ma"es 3. com&lete 3. sit%ations 3. stretch 3. divided 3. de&end 3. s%m 3. &%ll 3. ca%se 3. owever 3. &rocess 3. save 3 goes
'. charge '. named '. gives '. f%lfil '. conditions '. s&read '. s&lit '. e&ect '. total '. retire '. basis '. 7ltho%gh '. manner '. resc%e '. accom&anies
. care . referred , lasts . concl%de . circ%mstances . differ . se&arated . tr%st . n%mber . draw . reason . 3eca%se of . aim . g%ard . follows
204 A MAPMA#ER IN THE MA#ING
+or most families, a tri& in the car to an %nfamiliar area involves at least one arg%ment abo%t the best ro%te to (1) _______. This is not the (2) _______,
however, in the Williams family from Worcester, They never ($) _______ lost when five/year/old aniel is with them. That:s beca%se aniel has the incredible () _______ _______ to tell yo% the best way to get from one &lace to another anywhere in 4ngland, and (*) _______ he doesn:t need a ma& / he can do it off the to& of his (-) _______. aniel has been () _______ in &lace names ever since he first learnt to tal". When he was abo%t three, he started as"ing his &arents >%estions abo%t how the roads they drove along (0) _______ %&, and it soon became .() _______ that he had a &hotogra&hic memory for ma&s. e had no diffic%lty in remembering the information and (16) _______ it to what he saw from the car window. Now, after school, aniel:s aniel:s (11) (11) _______ _______ game is drawing ma&s of the road systems in all sorts of &laces that he has never even visited. is &arents have no (12) _______ where his &artic%lar talent (1$) _______ from beca%se nobody else in the family has it. (1) _______ he:s also a football fan, and is learning to &lay the "eyboard, aniel:s main (1*) _______ in life is to become a ma&ma"er. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. ma"e 7. case 7. fall 7. s"ill 7. as well as 7. brain 7. interested 7. grew 7. confident 7. regarding 7. favo%rite 7. %nderstanding 7. &asses 7. 7ltho%gh 7. >%alification
3. do 3. instance 3. have 3. ability 3. beca%se of 3. mind 3. ca&able 3. ca%ght 3. obvio%s 3. recognising 3. desired 3. tho%ght 3. comes 3. es&ite 3. o%tcome
'. ta"e '. event '. "ee& '. facility '. a&art from '. head '. "een '. stood '. s%re '. relating '. admirable '. e&lanation '. wor"s '. owever '. ambition
. do . fact . get . techni>%e . what:s more . memory . good . @oined . &ositive . reflecting . selected . idea . gains . 5ince . fort%ne
205 SCOTTISH ISLAN
8n o%r first day:s driving on the 5cottish island of %ll, my h%sband and #
came to a stretch of water that we had to cross on a small ferry boat. The ferryman as"ed if we wo%ld (1) _______ waiting ten min%tes while he (2) _______ a family of cows across the water to their s%mmer &ast%re. This ($) _______ _______ with the cows st%c" in my mind as a () _______ of %ll, a &lace far removed from the h%rried conf%sion of city life. +or travellers in (*) _______ of a >%iet, &eacef%l &lace there can be few better (-) _______. We () _______ the island to be a charming mi of mo%ntains, castles and sandy beaches. 8ne of the best days of o%r tri& was when we (0) _______ _______ a nat%re to%r of the island, and had the () _______ fort%ne fort%ne to see a (16) _______ _______ of rare creat%res, creat%res, incl%ding incl%ding red deer and golden golden eagles. 3%t no visit to %ll is (11) _______ witho%t a tri& to the small island of #ona, @%st off the so%th/western so%th/western ti& of %ll, #ona has great historical (12) _______ be/ ca%se it is the &lace where early 5cottish "ings were b%ried. 8%r first attem&t to get to #ona had to be (1$) _______ owing to the heavy rain which is another characteristic of the island. #t was another three days before we co%ld get to #ona, b%t in the (1) (1) _______ _______ it was well worth the (1*) _______, _______, and was the highlight highlight of o%r tri&. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. mind 7. gathered 7. incident 7. badge 7. aim 7. stations 7. realised 7. assisted 7. good 7. s%m 7. f%ll 7. concern 7. dro&&ed 7. end 7. &a%se
3. care 3. loaded 3. event 3. sign 3. search 3. ends 3. learned 3. incl%ded 3. ha&&y 3. n%mber 3. entire 3. significance 3. re@ected 3. finish 3. wait 206
'. bother '. trans&orted '. accident '. mar" '. ho&e '. destinations ', e&erienced '. @oined '. l%c"y '. total '. whole '. s%bstance '. left '. concl%sion '. interval
. ob@ect . removed . act . symbol . e&loration . goals . fo%nd . &artici&ated . en@oyable . fig%re . com&lete . fame . abandoned . close . halt
SO NEAR AN YEI SO FAR
+rom =and:s 4nd, in so%thwestern 4ngland, to Fohn 8:9roats in northeastern 5cotland is 6$ miles. #t:s a long way to wal" or cycle, thro%gh the famo%sly %n&redictable 3ritish weather, b%t it:s the sort of challenge that (1) _______ to &eo&le. 5teve Watt Watts, s, (2) _______, @oined a team which was cycling from one end of the 3ritish isles to the other as a way of ($) _______ money for charity. 7ll went well on 5teve:s tri&, which was very well/organised and he () _______ _______ to com&lete com&lete the distance distance in eleven days. days. 7t 7t least, he nearly did. +or when 5teve got to within a mile of his (*) _______ destination, he was so over@oyed with his (-) _______; that he invited one of his bac"/%& team, a yo%ng female &hysiothera&ist, &hysiothera&ist, to @oin him on the bi"e bi"e for the the last few metres. metres. That: That:ss when disast disaster er () () __ ____ ____ ___ _
. 5ome 5omeho how w the &air (0) ______ _______ _ their their
balance and the bi"e crashed to the gro%nd. The The net thing 5teve "new was when he () _______ %& in an amb%lance on his (16) _______ to hos&ital. #t was then that the awf%l tr%th hit him. e had not only in@%red himself >%ite (11) _______, b%t he had also (12) _______ _______ to com&lete his @o%rney after all. +ort%nately, +ort%nately, howev ho wever er,, the orga organis nisers ers (1$) (1$) ___ _____ ____ __ sorr sorry y for for 5teve 5teve and decide decided d to (1) (1) _______ _______ the fact that that he hadn:t hadn:t act%ally (1*) (1*) _______ _______ the finishing finishing lineA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0, . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. li"es 7. however 7. doing 7. managed 7. f%rthest 7. realisation 7. shot 7. lost 7. ca%ght 7. a&&roach 7. badly 7. lac"ed 7. said 7. neglect 7. delivered
3. attracts 3. s%ch as 3. raising 3. enabled 3. latest 3. f%lfilment 3. str%c" 3. missed 3. wo"e 3. &ath 3. heavily 3. avoided 3. felt 3. esca&e 3. res&ected
'. en@oys '. for eam&le '. '. fetching '. s%cceeded '. terminal '. achievement '. b%rst '. sli&&ed '. got '. travel '. hardly '. failed '. had '. ignore '. ridden
#), a&&eals . as well as . gaining . co&ed . final . concl%sion . bro"e . s&oilt . came . way . strongly . ref%sed . got . re@ect . crossed
207 WEING BELLS
# love weddings, altho%gh #:m not act%ally &lanning to get married myself, at least riot in the (1) _______ f%t%re. arriage, tho%gh, is definitely bac" in fashion, +or the last twenty years or so, the trend has been for yo%ng &eo&le to wait, to (2) _______ _______ on their ed%cation and their career before thin"ing abo%t ($) _______ _______ down and starting a family. 3%t a&&arently, things are now changing. The reason, it seems, so that so many famo%s celebrities are getting married relatively yo%ng, and () _______ a great deal of &%blicity in the &rocess, and as a res%lt yo%ng &eo&le are getting getting (*) _______ _______ abo%t the the idea of marriage marriage again. #t co%ld be, (-) _______ that what seems so a&&ealing is not the idea of married life at all, b%t rather the () _______ of a big &arty and (0) _______ of e&ensive &resents. This seems to me the only advantage of getting married. # mean, how often do yo% act%ally () _______ to gather all yo%r friends and family together in one &lace, all dressed %& and on their (16) _______ behavio%r, with yo%rself as the (11) _______ of attention< 3%t, to tell yo% the (12) _______, when it comes to weddings, # have a lot in (1$) _______ with a football fan. # "now that # don:t act%ally have to &lay the game in order to en@oy it. 5o, as # (1) _______, # love weddings, b%t only as (1*) _______ as they are other &eo&le:sA 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. net 7. concentrate 7. t%rning 7. catching 7. attracted 7. however 7. ho&e 7. &ots 7. s%cceed 7. to& 7. s&ot 7. tr%th 7. familiar 7. remar" 7. long
3. first 3. dedicate 3. c%tting 3. gaining 3. interested 3. des&ite 3. wish 3, &ac"s 3. manage 3. &erfect 3. centre 3. reality 3. common 3. tell 3. well
'. near '. devote '. &%lling '. earning '. fascinated '. therefore '. tho%ght '. crowrds '. enable '. ideal '. heart '. honesty '. similar '. say '. soon
. close . commit . settling . "ee&ing . ecited . altho%gh . l%c" . loads . arrive . best . middle . fact . ali"e . s&ea" . far
208 E(ERCISING TO MUSIC
7ll sorts of s&orts&eo&le say that there are great benefits to be gained from eercising to m%sic. #t:s an o&inion which is shared by s&orts scientists scientists at =ondon Cniversity who have been st%dying the (1) _______ of m%sic on eercise &er/ formance. They have now (2) _______ that listening to motivating t%nes can hel& &eo&le to get fit >%ic"er. >%ic"er. They discovered that the right t%nes not only ins&ire &eo&le to start eercising in the first ($) _______, _______, b%t also enable them to () _______ _______ o%t for longer. longer. %sic ca ; calm someone down after a stressf%l day, so that they are more in the (*) _______ to eercise. 3%t also, (-) _______ on the rhythm of m%sic hel&s &eo&le to () _______ going when they are getting tired. Thee rese Th resear arch cher erss atte attend nded ed gy gyms ms in vari vario% o%ss co%n co%ntr trie iess to (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the reactions of different age gro%&s to different ty&es of m%sic. #nterestingly they fo%nd that it is the m%sic that &eo&le () _______ with their yo%th that ins&ires them mos most. t. The researche researchers rs also visited visited internat internation ional al athletics athletics:: meetings, meetings, and fo%nd that m%sic can also hel& (16) _______ athletes to &erform to a higher (11) 3efore and d%ring a com&etition, it can (12) _______ vital changes to their mental state, which can (1$) _______ the difference between winning and losing. The 3ritish fitness ind%stry is (1) _______ the findings serio%sly. 5everal leis%re com&anies have (1*) _______ s%rveys to as" members abo%t their m%sical &references. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. res%lts 7. chec"ed 7. &lace 7. wear 7. h%mo%r 7. thin"ing 7. stay 7. observe 7. accom&any 7. head 7. standard
3. force 3. &roved 3. case 3. ma"e 3. mind 3. reflecting 3. "ee& 3. follow 3. combine 3. to& 3. average
'. significance '. defined '. ste& '. draw '. mood '. vis%alising '. hold '. regard '. associate '. chief '. meas%re
. effects . relied . instance . wor" . state . concentrating . contin%e . remar" . @oin . %&&er . amo%nt
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. t%rn on 7. mean 7. seeing 7. handed in
3. set %& 3. re&resent 3. acting 3. written %&
'. bring abo%t '. allow '. doing '. drawn %&
. let in . ca%se . ta"ing . filled in
209 THE ORIGIN OF THE WI'AR)S HAT
The &o&%lar image of the wi!ard, an old man in a tall hat who has magical &owers, is a (1) _______ _______ one in 4%ro&ean myths and fairy tales. 3%t (2) _______ to a team of 9erman archaeologists, &eo&le who loo"ed li"e wi!ards may really have eisted as ($) _______ ago as the 3ron!e age, and they really did wear &ointed hats. 3%t these were not the cloth hats we () _______ with fictional characters s%ch as arry ?otter and 9andalf. (*) _______, these wi!ards had hats of gold that (-) _______ them to &redict the movements of the &lanets and stars. This is the () _______ of archaeologists who are trying to (0) _______ the 1*6/year/old mystery of the strange yet bea%tif%l golden cone/sha&ed ob@ects that sometimes () _______ %& at archaeological sites across 4%ro&e. 5ome &eo&le (16) _______ forward the idea that the cones might have been vases, others that they co%ld have been a soldier:s head &rotection, b%t now historians thin" they m%st (11) _______ have been tall hats. The men who wore them were (12) _______ _______ as magicians beca%se they they co%ld &redict with (1$) _______ _______ the best time time for sowing, &lanting and harvesting cro&s. 7nd the hats &layed an im&ortant (1) _______ _______ in this, as they were covered in astronomical astronomical &ict%res and wo%ld have been worn on very s&ecial (1*) _______ _______ when the movements of the s%n and moon were calc%lated. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0.
7. &lain 7. according 7. ages 7. remind 7. Therefore 7. made 7. com&letion 7. solve
3. general 3. s%&&osing 3. far 3. associate 3. 7ltho%gh 3. hel&ed 3. res%lt 3. &rove
'. familiar '. &roviding '. time '. recognise '. #nstead '. let '. o%tcome '. f%lfil
. broad . owing . long . ac"nowledge . Eegardless . meant . concl%sion . detect
. 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &%ll 7. &%t 7. honestly 7. believed 7. acc%racy 7. share 7. incidents
3. "ee& 3. loo"ed 3. absol%tely 3. regarded 3. @%stice 3. &iece 3. moments
'. t%rn '. called '. event%ally '. concerned '. loyalty '. &art '. events
. bring . came . act%ally . &res%med . reality . tas" . occasions
210 LIFE SA!ERS ON TWO WHEELS
When emergency service vehicles s%ch as &olice cars, fire engines or amb%/ lances res&ond to an emergency (1) _______, they need to get to the scene of the incident as >%ic"ly as &ossible. &ossible. 7t certain times of day, however, however, ma"ing their (2) _______ _______ thro%gh city city centre traffic traffic can be a big &roblem &roblem and &recio%s &recio%s time can be ($) _______ in trying to get &ast traffic () _______ %&s. 7n e&eriment (*) _______ _______ o%t recently in the city of Bo Bor", may (-) _______ _______ an answer answer to this &rob &rob / lem, at least in the () _______ of amb%lances. The researche researchers rs in Bor" discover discovered ed that s&eciall s&ecially/ad y/ada&ted a&ted mo% mo%ntai ntain n bi"es bi"es negotiated the city:s r%sh/ho%r traffic m%ch more (0) _______ than a traditional amb%lance co%ld. #n the e&eriment, e&eriment, a &aramedic on a mo%ntain bi"e () _______ the amb%lance every time, and always arrived within the eight/min%te Ostandard res&onse time: laid down by the 3ritish government. The bicycles were fitted with sirens, (16) _______ lights and medical e>%i&ment and are (11) _______ by &aramedics who are able to (12) _______ &atients on the s&ot. 5ometimes 5ometimes this meant meant givin giving g emerg emergenc ency y firs first/a t/aid id %n %ntil til the the amb% amb%lan lance ce arrive arrived, d, b% b%tt often often the the &aramedic was able to deal with the sit%ation (1$) _______, _______, th%s allowing the amb%lance to be redirected to other emergencies. emergencies. 8bvio%sly, mo%ntain bi"es wo%ld not be so (1) _______ in r%ral areas, b%t for small cities, and b%sy city centres with one/way (1*) _______ and &edestrian/only areas they co%ld well &rove to be very %sef%l. 1. 2
7. call 7. road
3. a&&eal 3. trac"
'. tri& '. way
. order . ro%te
$. . *, . 0. . 16. 11, 12. 1$, 1. 1*.
7. dro&&ed 7. stic" 7. fetched 7. &redict 7. eam&le 7. easily 7. ecelled 7. switching 7. driven 7. heal 7. alone 7. able 7. te techni>%es
3. missed 3. @am 3. carried 3. &rocess 3. case 3. sim&ly 3. won 3. twin"ling 3. trodden 3. treat 3. a&art 3. effective 3. or organisations
'. s&ared '. hold '. ta"en '. &res%me '. instance '. hastily '. beat '. s&ar"ling '. ridden '. mend '. singly '. com&etent '. es establishments
. lost . bloc" . &%t . &rovide . event . &%rely . defeated . flashing . handled . c%re . solely . &owerf%l . sy systems
A TRAFFIC WAREN IN LONON
7s a traffic warden in =ondon # have vario%s d%ties. # have a &artic%lar area which # am (1) _______ for. # &atrol this area on foot. # have to (2) _______ that cars are legally &ar"ed, and that a &ar"ing &ermit is ($) _______ in each car window. isitors from other co%ntries often () _______ %s with &oliceman, which is an easy error to (*) _______ as o%r %niforms are >%ite similar, b%t we don:t, for e/ am&le, have the (-) _______ of arrest. 3%t # can ta"e ()_______ on illegally &ar"ed cars. Cs%ally Cs%ally this involves involves giving the the owner of the vehicle a fine. fine. +or more more serio%s &ar"ing (0) _______, # can () _______ for the vehicle to be towed away. We also have to loo" o%t for stolen vehicles (16) _______ to %s by the &olice and to chec" to see that &ar"ing meters are (11) _______ &ro&erly. 8ne of the things that all traffic wardens have to (12) _______ is that we are never going to be well/loved by the &%blic. Bo% can %nderstand why, # s%&&ose, it:s beca%se &eo&le see %s as a (1$) _______. 5ometimes o%r contact with the &%b/ lic is more &ositive, however, li"e giving advice on where to &ar" or how to find &laces. 7lso, 7lso, if traffic lights have bro"en down, we can be called on to (1) _______ _______ traffic traffic %sing arm signals. # &artic%larly &artic%larly en@oy that (1*) _______ _______ of my wor". 1.
7. de&endable
3. res&onsible
'. sensible
. reliable
2 $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. chec" 7. worn 7. mista"e 7. do 7. &ower 7. activity 7. diffic%lties 7. &lan 7. re&orted 7. handling 7. %nderta"e 7. bother 7. send 7. as&ect
3. ins&ect 3. revealedL 3. conf%se 3. create 3. a%thority 3. effect 3. fa%lts 3. sort 3. notified 3. %sing 3. acce&t 3. drawbac" 3. &oint 3. condition
'. control '. dis&layed '. com&licate '. commit '. ability '. action '. disagreements '. arrange '. told '. &ractising '. agree '. n%isance '. cond%ct '. scene
. investigate . demonstrated . mis%nderstand . ma"e . order . effort. . offences . manage . informed . wor"ing . receive . tro%ble . direct . &osition
212 MIRRORS
7nti>%e mirrors are the latest trend in high fashion according to 3ridget de 3reans"i of the 8ld +rench irror com&any. There is a great (1) _______ at the moment. #f yo% &ic" (2) _______ a maga!ine with &ict%res showing ($) _______ decorating yo% will see anti>%e mirrors on the wall. There are several () _______ for this b%t the main ones are that they offer a chea& (*) _______ to e&ensive &aintings, &aintings, they (-) _______ to light %& a room or ma"e a room loo" bigger. bigger. The val%e is () _______ by the >%ality of the glass and the re&%tation of the ma"er. irrors consistently remain in (0) _______ and the s"y is the limit in terms of &rice. owever yo% do not always need to have () _______ &oc"ets M and yo% can b%y a ictorian mirror at a reasonable (16) _______. The earliest forms of mirror develo&ed over a long time (11) _______. _______. 7ro%nd 7ro%nd 666 3', 7!tecs and #ncas &olished mica. North 7merican 7merican #ndians (12) _______ by reflecting mica, while the 9ree"s st%died mirrors (1$) _______. _______. 5ocrates be lived the h%man face was sha&ed (1) _______ one:s one:s actions and %sed mirrors for moral instr%ction. %ring the an &eriod in 'hina mirrors were (1*) _______ to infl%ence the heavens magically. 1.
7. &o&%larity
3. want
'. need
. demand
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. o%t 7. interior 7. ca%ses 7. s%bstit%te 7. assist 7. increased 7. trend 7. dee& 7. worth 7. era 7. comm%nicated 7. chemically 7. thro%gh 7. ho&ed
3. %& 3. inside 3. ec%ses 3, alteration 3. hel& 3. risen 3. common 3. long 3. &rice 3. d%ration 3. tal"ed 3. biologically 3. by 3. s%&&osed
'. thro%gh '. internal '. reasons '. re&lacement '. try '. raised '. fashion '. wide '. val%e '. &eriod '. signalled '. &hysically '. in '. believed
. over . inwards . answers . alternative . manage . im&roved . &o&%larity . narrow , cost . &hase . signed . scientifically . of . alleged
213 BEARS
5cientists in the Cnited 5tates have fo%nd that hibernating bears manage to "ee& fit in their slee&. The (1) _______ that over 1$6 days of winter hibernation bears (2) _______ _______ only a >%arter of of their m%scle &ower was made made by ($) _______ from the Cniversity of Wyoming. The scientists () _______ sam&les from blac" bears at the start and finish finish of the hibernation. hibernation. The The researchers had to (*) _______ _______ attach devices to the bears and this meant (-) _______ _______ into the caves () _______ the a%t%mn and s&ring. They attached a machine to the bears: legs for (0) _______ m%scle strength. The device was () _______ to a com&%ter and very small electric (16) _______ were sent to the bears: nerves ca%sing ca%sing the legs to move s%d/ denly and the meas%rement was then ta"en. The scientists are (11) _______ that their research will enable them to hel& h%mans that are confined (12) _______ bed for a long time. %man beings that are (1$) _______ for 1$6 days lose aSan (1) _______ 6 of their body strength. +%rthermore, in the f%t%re there might be long/distance s&ace (1*) _______ and the effects of lac" of m%scle movement will need to he considered. considered. 1, 2. $.
7. e&loration 7. waste 7. investigators
3. invention 3. s&end 3. researchers
'. discovery '. gain '. detectives
. e&eriment . lose . discoverers
. *. -. . 0. . 16 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. made 7. caref%lly 7. climbing 7. at 7. adding 7. connected 7. wires 7. o&timistic 7. in 7. inactive 7. g%essed 7. @o%rney
3. did 3. steadily 3. r%nning 3. over 3. g%essing 3. tied 3. shoc"s 3. enth%siastic 3. to 3. %nenergetic 3. meas%red 3. travel
'. too" '. slowly '. cree&ing '. on '. meas%ring '. transmitted '. signals '. sym&athetic '. at '. la!y '. &redicted '. voyage
. gained . acc%rately . sliding . in . estimating . st%c" . messages . &essimistic . with . %nmovable . estimated . tri&
214 URBAN FO(ES
?eo&le living in residential areas have beg%n to notice a new "ind of wildlife (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ aro%n aro%nd d street streets, s, &ar"s &ar"s and garden gardens. s. Th These ese creat% creat%res res wander wander (2) (2) _______ _______ at night/time night/time with few, if any, nat%ral &redators to fear. 4ven those who claim not to be interested ($) _______ wildlife cannot fail to be fascinated by the %n%s %n %s%al %al () () __ _____ _____ __ of these these creat% creat%res res.. Th Thee foes foes have have learne learned d ho how w to (*) (*) _______ _______ the most of what b%ilt/%& areas offer offer them. They never (-) _______ _______ an o&&ort%nity o&&ort%nity to sift thro%gh r%bbish bins, where they %s%ally find something something worth eating. ()_______ the nat%ral habitat of the fo is the co%ntryside, the ra&id growth of new ho%sing estates has meant a red%ction in the farming land (0) _______ _______ once &rovided a so%rce of food for the foes. The s&read of foes has already beg%n to () _______ &roblems for %rban dwellers. (16) _______ n%mbers of foes on the roads at nights &%t both &edestrians and motorists at (11) _______ #t seem seemss stra strang ngee that that when when so many many s& s&ec ecie iess on o% o%rr &lan &lanet et seem seem to be (12) (12) _______ _______ o%t, the fo, once regarded as a &est, sho%ld be thriving. thriving. To (1$) _______ _______ %&K if we we do not ma"e ma"e (1) _______ _______ o%r minds minds abo%t what what action to ta"e, we may find that the fo &o&%lation increases even more ra&idly. #t is diffic%lt to (1*) _______ what might ha&&en then. 1. 2.
7. roaming 7. scarcely
3. bobbing 3. s&ecially
'. swee&ing '. freely
. &adding . f%rio%sly
$. , *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. for 7. manner 7. ma"e 7. lose 7. owever 7. whose 7. res%lt 7. ore 7. ris" 7. finishing 7. amo%nt 7. o%t 7. e&ect
3. in 3. f%nction 3. ta"e 3. miss 3. Bet 3. which 3. arise 3. +arL 3. danger 3. dying 3. co%nt 3. do 3. ho&e
'. with '. &erformance '. do '. avoid '. 7ltho%gh '. where '. lead '. 9reater '. chance '. ending '. add '. %& '. s%&&ose
. to . behavio%r . find . esca&e . 3%t . while . ca%se . %ch . threat . &assing . s%m . off . &redict
215
The money that some &rofessional s&ortsmen earn sho%ldn:t im&ress anyone when yo% ta"e into (1) _______ the fact that only a few of them manage to (2) _______ _______ immortality immortality and everlasting everlasting fame. fame. 7nd 7nd once they they reach their their ($) _______ _______ and dis&lay their talent at their best, they are f%lly conscio%s that their brilliant careers won:t last forever. They live %nder a constant &ress%re of being () _______ _______ and s%bse>%ently s%bse>%ently re&laced by someone who is yo%nger, yo%nger, faster and more (*) _______ +or that reason, ob@ectives li"e retirement benefits and &ensions are (-) _______ great concern to all &rofessional athletes. 5ome of the retired com&etitors go as far as to organi!e stri"es and rallies to () _______ their &rotest against any &olicy %nres&onsive to their demands (0) _______ _______ the yo%nger &rofessionals see" more %&grading sol%tions sol%tions to the &roblem as more and more of them attach a &ro&er significance significance to () _______ a solid ed%/ cation, even at %niversity level. 5%ch an a&&roach sho%ld hel& them find inter/ esting and well/&aid @obs (16) _______ their s&orts career is over. 7 com&letely new strategy has been (11) _______ by the schools &riding themselves (12) _______ s%&&orting s%&&orting their own teams. Their a%thorities a%thorities insist that the s&ort s&ortss cl%bs cl%bs member memberss achiev achievee high high academ academic ic stand standard ardss or else else they they are debarred from &arta"ing in certain s&orts events, which may lead to f%rther (1$) _______ _______ in their &rofessional &rofessional careers.
3y these &ractical and most effective (1) _______, combining combining ed%cation with s&orts activity, activity, the (1*) _______ of the &rofessional athlete as being brainless and %nintelligent may event%ally be changing to the s&ortsmen:s benefit. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. consideration 7. obtain 7. ca&acity 7. o%tcast 7. achieved 7. of 7. insist 7. whereas 7. mastering 7. right away 7. assembled 7. with 7. disr%&tion 7. gro%nds 7. vision
3. attention 3. attain 3. sha&e 3. o%tshone 3, attrib%ted 3. in 3. claim 3. whereby 3. learning 3. &rom&tly 3. devised 3. in 3. hitch 3. res%lts 3. image
'. eamination '. f%lfil '. best '. o%tstayed '. accredited '. at '. voice '. where%&on '. receiving '. barely '. installed '. for '. detachment '. means '. o%tloo"
. reflection . s%cceed . &rime . o%tgrown . accom&lished . with . s&ea" . wherein . attending . once . emerged . on . wrec"age . factors . @%dgement
216 THE LOST LOS T CITY OF ATLANTIS ATLANTIS
#f (1) _______ is an eighth Wonder of the World, it is &robably the lost city of 7tlantis, if (2) _______ we co%ld find it. es&ite the large ($) _______ of money that have been () _______ trying to find the site of this ancient city, the most im&ortant (*) _______ remains %nanswered. id it ever really (-) _______< 7tlantis was first () _______ by ?lato in aro%nd $-6 3'. e tells how 7tlantis was settled by ?oseidon. T he &eo&le were (0) _______ from a city on a hill 1* miles wide and, at first, they lived sim&le, virt%o%s lives. 3%t slowly they became more and more greedy greedy and e%s decided decided to () () _______ _______ them a lesson. lesson. #t is &ossible that ?lato (16) _______ his story on the ancient civili!ation of inoan 'rete, b%t other sites have also been (11) _______. #t is tr%e that the inoans were an advanced society and it is (12) _______ that &orts on the north coast of 'rete were (1$) _______ by a volcano sometime sometime aro%nd $26 3'. When ?lato died he left the story incom&lete and his st%dent, 7ristotle, claimed that
?lato had (1) _______ the whole thing %&. Whatever the reality, there are (1*) _______ _______ tho%sands tho%sands of &eo&le &eo&le o%t there there who believe believe 7tlantis 7tlantis will will still be fo%nd. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16 11 12 1$ 1 1*
7. it 7. @%st 7. amo%nts 7. afforded 7. &roblems 7. &lace 7. described 7. coming 7. learn 7. tho%ght 7. advised 7. "nown 7. defeated 7. made 7. even
3. there 3. sometimes 3. fig%res 3. s&ent 3. diffic%lty 3. ha&&en 3. com&osed 3. r%ling 3. teach 3. ins&ired 3. said 3. "nowing 3. denied 3. &%t 3. few
'. this '. only '. costs '. earned '. test '. eist '. written '. living '. st%dy '. based '. told '. &ossibly '. decorated '. &%lled '. still
. that . ho&ef%lly . totals . bo%ght . >%estion . live . &%blished . r%led . ma"e . imagined . s%ggested . &erha&s . destroyed . ta"en . yet
217 ARE *ALL-NATURAL* PROUCTS REALLY BETTER%
Cnless yo%:ve sle&t thro%gh the last decade, yo% "now that &rotecting the en/ vironment is a (1) _______ 3%t when it (2) _______ to bea%ty &rod%cts, nat%ral doesn:t always e>%al &%re and doesn:t ($) _______ mean better. 3efore r%shing to the register with yo%r 166 &ercent green bea%ty gear, () _______ a few things. 7ccord 7ccordin ing g to the +7 (+ood (+ood and r%g r%g 7dm dmin inist istrat ration ion), ), the (*) (*) __ ____ ____ ___ _ Gnat%ralH is %sed very (-) _______ in the cosmetics world; any com&any can () _______ _______ a &rod%ct nat%ral. (0) _______ _______ nat%ral &rod%cts are made from &lant/ based (as o&&osed to man/made) ingredients ingredients and do not () _______ _______ artificial dyes and fragrances. The advantageK &lant/based ingredients are renewable (16) _______ _______ that are safer for the environment environment (11) (11) _______ _______ certain man/made or nat%ral, b%t highly &rocessed ones (which can &rod%ce toic (12) _______. d%ring the man%fact%ring &rocess and be no biodegradable). The disadvantage, some nat%ral ingredients, li"e (1$) _______ which hel& "ee& &rod%cts germ/free, germ/free, aren:t as effective as their synthetic co%nter&arts. 5ince nat%ral ingredients haven:t been
(1) _______ as m%ch as man/made ones, yo% sho%ldn:t ass%me they re gentler (es&ecially if yo%:re allergy/&rone or have (1*) _______ s"in). 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. sho%ld 7. arrives 7. necessarily 7. st%dy 7. definition 7. freely 7. ba&tise 7. Eeally 7. incor&orate 7. s%&&lies 7. than 7. garbage 7. conservatives 7. tested 7. delicate
3. can 3. comes 3. definitely 3. thin" 3. term 3. liberately 3. name 3. Tr%thf%lly 3. contain 3. so%rces 3. from 3. r%bbish 3. &reservatives 3. tried 3. sensible
'. m%st '. reaches '. obligatorily L '. cons%lt '. &hrase '. easily '. call '. 4actly '. enclose '. essences '. of '. waste '. medicines '. searched '. sensitive
. may . refers . absol%tely . consider . idea . loosely . entitle . Tr%ly . involve . reso%rces . to . debris . &reserves . eamined . sensational
218
7s the twenty/first cent%ry a&&roaches, it seems that more and more &eo&le are leading increasingly increasingly hectic and stressf%l lives. This leaves little, if any time for (1) _______ _______ activities. 7ll too often, it a&&ears that any interest that we may have in s&orting activities will (2) _______ when o%r lifestyle becomes more stressf%l, b%t many &eo&le ($) _______ to realise that a few ho%rs &%t aside to en@oy a s&ort each wee" can act%ally () _______ stress levels. 7nother (*) _______ that is associated with (-) _______ a s&ort is a general im&rovement in health. This, in t%rn, can lead to weight () _______, d%e to the fact that fat is (0) _______ when o%r heartbeat () _______ above a certain level. owever, as with everything, there are certain drawbac"s to ta"ing (16) _______ in a s&ort, the main one being that it can (11) _______ to serio%s in@%ry. The main reasons for this are that we have have no nott ta"e ta"en n the the time time to warm warm %& &ro& &ro&er erly ly or that that we are are no nott &ro& &ro&er erly ly s%&ervised in s%ddenly ta"en %& after not having &artici&ated in any form of (1$) _______ _______ activity for a long &eriod of time. Ta"ing Ta"ing all this into acco%nt, s&orting acti activi viti ties es can can be etr etrem emel ely y bene benefi fici cial al to o% o%rr heal health th &rov &rovid ided ed they they are are (1) (1)
_______ _______ o%t with care and %nder correct s%&ervision s%&ervision and are net (1*) _______ to an etreme. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$ 1. 1*.
7. free 7. disa&&ear 7. overloo" 7. remove 7. hel& 7. co&ying 7. removal 7. b%rnt 7. arises 7. time 7. end %& 7. strain 7 wor"ed 7. wor"ed 7. dragged
3. s&are B, leave 3. miss 3 red%ce 3. &rofit 3. doing 3. damage 3. vanished E raises 3 &art 3. res%lt 3. eha%st 3. nat%ral 3. carried 3. led
'. leis%re '. free '. fail '. shorten '. favo%r '. lost '. lost '. left '. &rogresses '. &lace '. lead '. s&rain '. &hysical '. done '. forced
. blan" . de&art . forget . brea" down . brea" . &erforming . loss ta"en . rises . action . give . brea" . stressf%l r%n . ta"en
219
=ast 5%mmer, air &oll%tion in ?aris reached dangero%s levels on si se&arate occasions. 7s 7s a res%lt, the government have recently decided that &%blic trans&ort in +rench cities will be (1) _______ on days when &oll%tion becomes a (2) ______ to &eo&le:s health, health, in a(n) ($) _______ to enco%rage &eo&le to leave their cars at home. The ayor of ?aris said that he had several other ideas to red%ce the &oll%tion &roblem, &roblem, s%ch as free &ar"ing on the () ________ ________ of the city on hot, still days when eha%st f%mes tend to acc%m%late. e has also (*) _______ a Y- million &lan for **- "m of bicycle trac"s, trac"s, new &edestrianised &edestrianised (-) (-) ________ ________ and a new new tram () () ___ _____ ____ ____ ___ _ for for so%th so%thern ern ?aris. ?aris. is mo most st &o& &o&%l %lar ar meas%r meas%ree (0) (0) __ ____ _____ ___ becoming mayor last ay has been to () _______ traffic from several streets on 5%ndays. 4very s%mmer, air >%ality is at its (16) _______ in ?aris d%ring holiday wee" wee"en ends ds,, es&e es&eci cial ally ly on onee wee" wee"en end d in F% F%ly ly when when the the (11 (11) __ ____ ____ ___ _ of the the &o&%lation &o&%lation leave by car for their their s%mmer holidays. holidays. (12) (12) _______ then im&rove im&rove for
the s%mmer, b%t deteriorate again when most residents ret%rn at the end of 7%g%st. The free trans&ort (1$) _______ is &art of the res&onse to a new environmental reg%lation which says that local a%thorities m%st g%arantee (1) _______ air. #f it is (1*) _______ serio%sly, locals can loo" forward to a cleaner ?aris in the f%t%re. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. o&en 7. ris" 7. effort 7. &rovinces 7. eclaimed 7. rails 7. lane 7. since 7. discharge 7. to& 7. lots 7. 'onditions 7. answer 7. saved 7. ta"en
3. free 3. terror 3. &%rs%it 3. areas 3. anno%nced 3. trac"s 3. line 3. from 3. e&el 3, limits 3. ma@ority 3. 8&&ort%nities 3. action 3. sec%re 3. tho%ght
'. off '. threat '. trial '. s%b%rbs '. stated '. crossings '. series '. as '. restrict '. worst ', most '. 8ccasions '. meas%re '. new '. held
. loose . damage . try . o%ts"irts . &%t in . !ones . &ath . while . fan . f%ll . &lenty . 5it%ations . move . safe . formed
220 RENO!ATING YOUR HOUSE
o%se &rices, li"e taes, very rarely go down, so if yo% (1) _______ yo%rself in a &osition where yo% need more living s&ace, (2) _______ renovating. any families nowadays are finding that their homes are too ($) _______. Whether they () _______ a second bathroom, more storage s&ace or an etra bedroom, a lot of &eo&le are (*) _______ to renovate their homes instead of b%ying something something bigger. bigger. The (-) _______ for this trend are, for the most &art, financial. The cost of b%ying a new home and the &roblems of moving ho%se are eno%gh to ma"e anybody thin" twice before deciding to relocate. Eenovating allows yo% to stay in yo%r own neighbo%rhood and in yo%r () _______ home while ma"ing it more &ractical and comfortable comfortable to live in. 7ltho%gh it is tem&ting to (0) _______ and do the renovations yo%rself, it is
always a good idea to () _______ a &rofessional. There will be things yo% haven:t tho%ght abo%t or @%st might not be aware of, s%ch as s%&&orting str%ct%res, government !oning reg%lations, or how these renovations might affect any (16) _______ _______ changes yo% yo% might want want to ma"e. 7 &rofessional &rofessional will also also be able to hel& yo% yo % wor" wor" with within in yo yo%r %r b% b%dg dget et and and advi advise se yo yo% % (11 (11) __ ____ ____ ___ _ ins% ins%ra ranc ncee re>%irements. 7nother advantage of renovating is that while the wor" is going on yo% can %&grade yo%r &l%mbing and electrical connections as (12) _______ as adding ins%lation. #t:s also a good time to (1$) _______ air conditioning, central heating or a home sec%rity system. 5o, whether yo% want a Ghome officeH, a Ggranny fiatH or @%st more storage s&ace, (1) _______ a good loo" aro%nd yo%r ho%se, the sol%tion might be (1*) _______ _______ yo% in the face. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. realise 7. thin" 7. cram&ed 7. have 7. thin"ing 7. findings 7. own 7. ma"e 7. rent 7. &ast 7. on 7. long 7. in&%t 7. ta"e 7. seeing
3. notice 3. consider 3. s&acio%s 3. b%y 3. choosing 3. meanings 3. new 3. attem&t 3. hire 3. old 3. to 3. m%ch 3. fi 3. try 3. staring
'. commit '. remember '. e&ensive '. need '. wanting '. &%r&oses '. real '. find '. b%y '. f%t%re '. over '. well '. b%ild '. do '. &%nching
. find . do . cosy . %se . needing . reasons . only . try . borrow . added . for . soon . install . ma"e . falling
221 TWINS
8n 1 7%g%st 1$ in ?i>%a, 8hio, twin brothers were born to an %nmarried mother. They (1) _______ on to be ado&ted by different families and (2) _______ %& not "nowing of each other:s eistence. Fess and =%cille =ewis of =ima, 8hio,
called their son Fames, ($) _______ that, 1$6 "m away in ayton, the other ado& / tive &arents had also called their new son Fames. #t was another $ years before Fames =ewis and Fames 5&ringer 5&ringer were () _______ _______ b%t the list of coincidences re/ garding those (*) _______ years is astonishing. astonishing. 3oth had grown %& with ado&tive brothers called =arry and owned dogs called Toy oy.. 7t school, both ecelled (-) _______ _______ mathematics b%t hated s&elling. 3oth had () _______ on .* "g (16 lb) in their late teens (0) _______ no obvio%s reason before losing the weight later. 3oth () _______ having headaches when they were eighteen which wo%ld begin in the late afternoon and (16) _______ into migraines. 3oth had married women called =inda, divorced them and (11) _______ remarried women named 3etty. 8ne first son had been named Fames 7lan, the other Fames 7llan. 3oth men had been &art/time &art/time de&%ty sheriffs, sheriffs, (12) (12) _______ _______ by conald:s conald:s and wor"ed as &%m& attendants in &etrol stations. 3oth li"ed stoc" car racing b%t hated baseball. 4ach year, both twins had (1$) _______ their families to the same small +lorida holiday (1) _______, _______, driving there in the same (1*) _______ of car and staying at hotels on the same beach. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. went 7. bro%ght 7. %naware 7. re@oined 7. between 7. of 7. ta"en 7. witho%t 7. started 7. become 7. conse>%ently 7. em&loyed 7. Travelled 7. recreation 7. label
3. de&ended 3. grew 3. %n"nown 3. lin"ed 3. missing 3. for 3. &%t 3. with 3. %sed 3. "ee& 3. s%bse>%ently 3. wor"ed 3. bro%ght 3. resort 3. name
'. came '. raised '. %nthin"ing '. combined '. interval '. with '. grown '. being '. com&lained '. develo& '. therefore '. staffed '. s&ent '. ven%e '. ma"e
222 COCO CHANEL
. were . develo&ed . %nim&ortant . re%nited . disa&&earing . at . gone . for . s%ffered . contin%e . f%rthermore . occ%&ied . ta"en . &osition . badge
9abrielle G'ocoH 'hanel was born in 5a%m%r, 5o%thern +rance and was (1) _______ _______ %& in a +rench or&hanage. or&hanage. 5he became an innovative dress designer (2) _______ _______ r%led over ?arisian high fashion for almost si decades. 7t age $6 she ($) _______ a tiny hat sho& and >%ic"ly added sweaters, shirts and accessories. Within Within five years her sim&le and comfortable comfortable designs attracted the () _______ of infl%ential wealthy women. er style was a refreshing change (*) _______ the confining and tight/fitting corsets and long dresses with &etticoats of the time. 5he (-) _______ @ersey dresses, bell/bottom tro%sers, trench coats, t%rtlenec" sweaters and the classic Glittle blac" dressH. 'ost%me @ewellery as well as bobbed hair are also credited () _______ 'hanel. Traditional 'hanel accessories incl%de m%lti&le strands (0) _______ &earls and gold chains, >%ilted handbags and sling/bac" &%m&s in ivory with blac" toes. 7t the () _______ of her career, 'hanel (16) _______ _______ $,*66 &eo&le. The em&ire (11) (11) _______ a fashion ho%se, a tetile b%siness, b%siness, a cost%me @ewellery wor"sho&, wor"sho&, and &erf%me laboratories laboratories where the famo%s &erf%me 'hanel No.* was (12) _______. 'hanel retired in 1$0 b%t (1$) _______ _______ in 1* to introd%ce introd%ce another classic, the cardigan s%it. Today, oday, 'hanel (1) _______ to be one of the most &restigio%s (1*) _______ in the world of fashion, fragrances, and cosmetics. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. grown 7. which 7. started 7. affection 7. into 7. introd%ced 7. for 7. of 7. to& 7. em&loyed 7. embraced 7. forged 7. ret%rned 7. &ersists 7. ty&es
3. raised 3. who 3. began 3. attention 3. from 3. sha&ed 3. by 3. abo%t 3. head 3. wor"ed 3. incl%ded 3. imagined 3. reviewed 3. contin%es 3. "inds
'. lived '. whom '. re&laced '. aid '. for ', formed '. of '. for '. height '. %sed '. gro%&ed '. revised '. restored '. maintains '. names
. bro%ght . whose . o&ened . assistance #), with . anno%nced . to . across . &oint . bossed . s%rro%nded . created . re&laced . &roceeds . forms
223 WHALE WATCHING
7re whales more intelligent than h%man beings< any &eo&le believe that they are, and are fascinated by these enormo%s yet gracef%l creat%res. #n recent years, whale watching has become etremely &o&%lar, as more and more &eo&le want to e&erience the feeling that they are develo&ing a(n) (1) _______ relation/ shi& with whales. Whale watching involves sailing o%t a long way from shore, often thro%gh very (2) _______ waters. 7s a res%lt, many whale watchers are too b%sy worrying abo%t their %&set stomachs or trying not to fall overboard to act%ally loo" for whales. ost of them ($) _______ on a g%ide to "ee& an () _______ o%t for the flash of a fin or a glim&se of a tail to let them "now when to loo". owever, there will not always be whales to see, and even (*) _______ there are, there is no (-) _______ that the whale watchers will notice them. Whales are so () _______ home in the sea, and (0) _______ into the water so well that they can be hard for &eo&le to () _______ even when one has been &ointed (16) _______ _______ to them. 7 com&etent g%ide will %s%ally be able to find at least one, tho%gh, and it has to be said that a whale in its nat%ral (11) _______ is a wonderf%l sight. The l%c"y whale watcher will be (12) _______ to a s&ectac%lar dis&lay of water gymnastics, as occasionally, whales will (1$) _______ into the air or wave at their a%dience with their tails. They often s&o%t @ets of water high (1) _______ the air. These acts generally ma"e whale watchers feel as tho%gh their tri& has been (1*) _______ _______ and has bro%ght bro%ght them closer to %nderstanding %nderstanding these h%ge, strange mammals. 1, 2. $. . *. -.
7. &rivate 7. ro%gh 7. tr%st 7. ear 7. whether 7. &romise
3. &ersonal 3. %neven 3. ass%me 3. eye 3. tho%gh 3. agreement
'. own '. @agged '. rely '. arm '. as '. g%arantee
. individ%al . coarse . believe . elbow . if . contract
. 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. at 7. mi 7. watch 7. o%t 7. home 7, given 7. fall 7. thro%gh 7. worthwhile
3. to 3. @oin 3. loo" 3. to 3. habitat 3. entertained 3. swim 3. across 3. %sef%l
'. with '. combine '. s&ot '. in '. &lace '. shown '. @%m& '. %& '. wasted
. in . blend . glance . for . location . treated , climb . into . sensible
224 CURRY CURES
'%rry, nowadays, is becoming "nown as a traditional 4nglish food. #n fact, it is (1) _______ easier to find an #ndian resta%rant than a fish and chi& sho& in most large cities and towns in the CD. The reasons are obvio%s, c%rries are tasty, whereas traditional 4nglish food (2) _______ sometimes be >%ite bland. What few &eo&le "now, ($) _______, is that most of the herbs and s&ices %sed to ma"e c%rry have medical &ro&erties. 9arlic and onions have been %sed () _______ tho%sands of years to hel& lower cholesterol and blood &ress%re and treat infections. T%rmeric acid aids digest digestion ion,, acts acts as an antise antise&t &tic ic and s%&& s%&&os osedl edly y has anti/c anti/canc ancer er &ro&er &ro&erti ties. es. 'oriander, 'oriander, %sed (*) _______ the ancient 9ree"s and 4gy&tians to flavo%r wine, is "nown to ease migraine headaches. 9inger is (-) _______ "nown for its ability to s%&&ress na%sea and red%ce fe/ ver. When %sed to&ically it also acts as an effective () _______. 'hilli is also famo%s as a to&ical &ain reliever as well as being able to sto& bleeding (0) _______ _______ a&&lied to a c%t. #t also hel&s the body &rod%ce endor&hins which ca%se feelings of &leas%re. 'loves are %sef%l for &reserving food and they are also a(n) () _______ ingredient in to&ical &ain relievers %sed by dentists. 3%t, be warned, before yo% go r%shing to yo%r s&ice rac" to (16) _______ yo%r aches and &ains ma"e s%re that yo% (11) _______ what yo% are doing. ost of these s&ices can have a (12) _______ effect if yo% %se too m%ch. #t is also (1$)
_______ _______ to find o%t what form they sho%ld be be in. +or eam&le, c%tting c%tting a raw chilli chilli &e&&er and r%bbing r%bbing it into an o&en o&en (1) _______ _______ co%ld co%ld be (1*) (1*) _______ _______ as well as harmf%l. 1. 2. $. . *. 0. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. >%ite 7. is 7. however 7. d%ring 7. with 7. m%ch 7. &ain"iller 7. while 7. first 7. c%re 7. thin" 7. &ositive 7. needed 7. in@%ry 7. h%rtf%l
3. often 3. wo%ld 3. fort%nately 3. in 3. by 3. highly 3. sto&&er 3. whether 3. main 3. fi 3. consider 3. %n"nown 3. im&ortant 3. h%rt 3. &ainf%l
'. very '. can '. nevertheless '. since '. for '. well '. red%cer 6. as '. %s%al '. solve '. "now '. minimal '. advised '. wo%nd '. hel&f%l
. seldom . co%ld . so . for . from . very . destroyer . when . im&ortant . mend . learn . negative . significant . s&rain . awf%l
225 PET PASSPORTS
9oing abroad has never been easier. Today, than"s to the CD:s ?et Travel 5cheme (?4T5), yo% can safely and easily ta"e yo%r &et with yo% when yo% travel to many many 4%ro& 4%ro&ean ean co%ntr co%ntries ies and to a n% n%mb mber er of long long ha%l ha%l destin destinati ation onss (1) (1) _______ _______ 7%stralia 7%stralia and New ealand. +irst of all, yo%r &et needs to have a micro/ chi& (2) _______. This means that a small microchi&, abo%t the ($) _______ of a grain of rice, is inserted () _______ the loose s"in (*) _______ the bac" of the nec". The microchi& has a s&ecial code on it which is (-) _______ to each animal and is %sed for identification () _______, #nformation abo%t the animal s%ch as name, age, breed and vaccination details, along (0) _______ details abo%t the owner, are () _______ on a central com&%ter. The net ste& is to have yo%r &et vaccinated (16) _______ rabies. Then after a follow/%& blood (11) _______ a ?4T5 'ertificate or &ass&ort will be iss%ed and yo%r &et can set off with yo%. 8f co%rse, this new convenience doesn:t come chea&, with the (12) _______ cost of
the &roced%re amo%nting to I266. (1$) _______, _______, when com&ared to the old way, a >%arantine (1) ______ of si months at a cost of I2,666, it is certainly a (1*) _______ in the right direction. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0, . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. co%nting 7. installed 7. amo%nt 7. to 7. in 7. individ%al 7. reasons 7. with 7. reserved 7. against 7. eamination 7. total 7. Whereas 7. time 7. &ace
3. together 3. fitted 3. largeness 3. into 3. by 3. %ni>%e 3. intentions 3. to 3. de&osited 3. to 3. test 3. s%m 3. es&ite 3. &eriod 3. stride
'. &l%s '. b%ilt/in '. range '. beside '. at '. only '. &%r&oses '. by '. stored '. for '. research '. added '. owever '. stage '. ste&
. incl%ding . fied . si!e . by . on . same . f%nctions . for . collected . thro%gh . investigation . com&lete . 4ven tho%gh . stretch . wal"
226 ROBOSHOP
What do live frogs, %nderwear, &oached eggs and ca&&%ccino all have in com/ mon< The answer is they are all items ta"en (1) _______ a very long list of ob@ects that can be bo%ght from vending machines. ost of %s are familiar (2) _______ _______ more traditional machines that sell soft drin"s, drin"s, chocolate bars or stam&s, b%t believe believe it or not, not, there aren:t aren:t too many many items yo% yo% can:t ($) ($) _______ _______ in vending vending machines. end ndin ing g mach machin ines es %s %sed ed to be a lot lot mo more re &o &o&% &%la larr () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ 5%nd 5%nday ay sho&&ing, 2 hr convenience stores and fast food resta%rants entered o%r (*) _______. _______. There were even machines in the 1*6:s 1*6:s that sold bread, eggs and other sta&le food items. (-) _______, in Fa&an, vending machines are still as &o&%lar () _______ _______ ever. They even have f%lly a%tomated convenience convenience stores where c%stomers come in, write (0) _______ the code n%mbers of the &rod%cts they want and &%nch them () _______ a com&%ter at the front of the store. 7 robotic
Gb%c"etH then collects all the items yo% want and &%ts them into bags for yo%A #n 4%ro&e and the C5, coo"ed food vending machines (16) _______ to be >%ite common, The Gfry on the s&otH chi& machine, micro hamb%rgers and &i!!a dis&ensers were &artic%larly (11) _______ with %niversity st%dents and in am%se/ ment arcades. Today, we still find vending machines in b%s and train (12) _______ and in ho/ tel and hos&ital lobbies, b%t %nfort%nately, %s%ally d%e (1$) _______ technical dif/ fic%lties, anything more com&licated (1) _______ a soft drin" in a can or a &ac"et of bisc%its bisc%its is %s%ally %s%ally a bit bit (1*) _______ a disa&&ointment. disa&&ointment. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. %& 7. to 7. find 7. when 7. homes 7. es&ite 7. than 7. over 7. into 7. wo%ld 7. favo%rite 7. stations 7. of 7. as 7. for
3. thro%gh 3. in 3. search 3. after 3. lives 3. Whereas 3. as 3. %& 3. with 3. %sed 3. a&&roved 3. sto&s 3. by 3. than 3. more
'. from '. as '. view '. before '. "itchens '. 4ven '. for '. in '. thro%gh '. %se '. li"ed '. &laces '. to '. li"e '. of
. o%t . with . as" . while . lifestyles . owever . how . down . by . were . &o&%lar . ro%tes . for . ece&t . li"e
227 GOING BANANAS O!ER BANANAS
3ananas have become 3ritain:s most &o&%lar fr%it. #t is hardly s%r&rising s%r&rising since this bright yellow tro&ical fr%it has so m%ch to (1) _______. #t tastes sweet and delicio%s, it is (2) _______ with vitamins and minerals and is very ($) _______ to digest. 3ananas also contain a mit%re of three different s%gars combined () _______ _______ fibre, which gives yo%r system an instant b%rst (*) _______ energy. energy. They are en@oyed by many world class athletes, who %se them to (-) _______ their energy levels %& d%ring com&etitions, () _______ fact, they are often ta"en
onto 'entre 'o%rt for a mid/game snac" by leading tennis stars or eaten at half/ time (0) _______ famo%s footballers. 4ven golfers carry them aro%nd to eat d%ring their game. 3ananas () _______ ma"e a great brea"fast or snac" for st%dents as they are (16) _______ in &otassi%m, vital for im&roving concentration. What:s more, it:s not only h%mans who (11) _______ en@oy the benefits. orse trainers %se bananas to boost the (12) _______ of their fo%r/legged athletes. 7s yo% can see, bananas (1$) _______ for everyone. We can all increase o%r daily vita vitali lity ty with with the the hel& hel& of this this %n %ni> i>%e %e fr%i fr%it. t. 5im& 5im&ly ly slic slicin ing g a bana banana na on (1) (1) _______ _______ of o%r brea"fast cereal, eating one with o%r l%nch or @%st snac"ing snac"ing on one one (1*) _______ the day can hel& %s "ee& o%r energy levels high. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. give 7. to& 7. sim&le 7. to 7. with 7. "ee& 7. To 7. by 7. however 7. wealthy 7. might 7. &erformance 7. do 7. thro%gh 7. d%ring
3. ta"e 3. com&lete 3. easy 3. of 3. in 3. ta"e 3. #n 3. with 3. also 3. f%ll 3. wo%ld 3. com&etition 3. are 3. over 3. after
'. offer '. f%ll '. comfortable '. by '. of '. catch '. +or '. for '. besides '. rich '. m%st '. effect '. hel& '. cover '. while
. bring . &ac"ed . gentle . with . o%t . match . 8n . as . tho%gh . healthy . can . challenge . ma"e . to& . before
228 S#YI!ING
+or some &eo&le flying is a terrifying e&erience. 5%rely, even those of %s who >%ite en@oy this form (1) _______ travel co%ld never be convinced to @%m& o%t of an aero&lane 16,666 feet above the gro%nd. owever, this is what tho%sands of s"ydivers choose to do every day, and what:s more, some of them claim that eve/ ryone sho%ld (2) _______ it a try. 5o do yo% ($) _______ r%shing towards the gro%nd at over one h%ndred and
fifty "ms an ho%r while relying on a s>%are &iece of cloth to () _______ yo% bac" down to to 4arth safely< safely< #f (*) _______, yo% have two o&tions for yo%r first @%m&. The first is to ma"e a tandem @%m&, where yo% will be stra&&ed (-) _______ an instr%ctor and the two of yo% will ma"e the @%m& together. owever, the second o&tion is %s%ally () _______ _______ if yo% are serio%s abo%t ta"ing (0) _______ the s&ort. ere yo% will go to gro%nd school, () _______ yo% will learn how to safely get in and o%t of the &lane, how to &ac" a &arach%te and how to steer it. Then yo%r first @%m& will %s%a %s %all lly y be a stat static ic line line @%m& @%m&.. Bo% @%m& @%m& (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ yo yo%r %r own own b% b%tt yo yo%r %r &arach%te o&ens a%tomatically after a co%&le of seconds. Those might seem li"e the longest and scariest seconds of yo%r life, (11) _______ _______ the enth%siasts say it is all worth it for the incredible feeling yo% get when yo% see that &arach%te o&en %& above yo%, and the even (12) _______ ama!ing feeling of achievement that yo% get when yo% arrive safely bac" (1$) _______ solid gro%nd. #t:s tr%e that for most &eo&le one @%m& is never eno%gh and before (1) _______ yo% won:t thin" there is anyth anythin ing g strang strangee abo%t abo%t s&end s&endin ing g all yo yo%r %r s&are s&are mo money ney and free free wee"en wee"ends ds &aying to (1*) _______ _______ the the chance to @%m& @%m& @%st one one more time. 1. 2. $. , *.. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*,
7. of 7, ma"e 7. fancy 7. &%t 7. only 7. %& 7. advised 7. along 7. while 7. by 7, b%t 7. bigger 7. at 7, long 7. do
3. for 3. go 3, e&ect 3. bring 3. not 3. by 3. wanted 3. down 3. after 3, on 3. f%rthermore 3. better 3. to 3. many 3. have 229
'. to '. have '. want '. t%rn '. so '. with '. recommended '. off '. where '. for '. besides '. tho%gh '. on '. m%ch '. ma"e
. by . give . thin" . give . this . to . e&ected . %& . before . to . des&ite . more . in . far . give
TORNAO ALERT
#f yo% ever notice that the s"ies are dar" and greenish and the rain is blowing sideways &ast yo%r front window, then yo% (1) _______ better be caref%l. #t co%ld mean that a tornado is heading yo%r (2) _______. The first sign that a tornado is coming is the formation ($) _______ a th%nderstorm. #n the beginning there:s an eerie stillness as the &ress%re is s%c"ed away. The air is still and calm and no bird or insect so%nds () _______ be heard. '%m%lonimb%s clo%ds b%ild in towers, (*) _______ _______ as s%&ercells, and the normal afternoon th%nder showers begin to ta"e (-) _______ an incredible energy. energy. #f yo% watch the hori!on yo%:ll see a revolving revolv ing col%mn of clo%ds, called a f%nnel, heading () _______ the earth. When it con/ nect nectss (0) (0) the the gro% gro%nd nd,, the the heat heat feed feedss the the cent centre re () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ the the f%nn f%nnel el and and a tornado is born. The safest &lace (16) _______ yo% to be is %ndergro%nd or in an o&en ditch. Tornadoes destroy everything (11) _______ their &ath and have the &ower to (12) _______ %& &eo&le, trees, bridges, cars and even ho%ses. The scariest thing abo%t tornadoes is that yo% have min%tes, not ho%rs to react. We now have warning times of %& (1$) _______ twenty min%tes (1) _______ to better radar detectors. With With older methods of re&orting tornadoes, tornadoes, we were l%c"y to have two min%tes to (1*) _______ cover. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. need 7. direction 7. of 7. m%st 7. "nown 7. %& 7. away 7. by 7. of 7. of 7. %& 7. ma"e 7. against 7. beca%se 7. ma"e
3. wo%ld 3. ro%te 3. by 3. can 3. named 3. on 3. %& 3. for 3, to 3. for 3. thro%gh 3. t%rn 3. for 3. as 3. ta"e
'. did '. way '. with '. co%ld '. called '. in '. across '. with '. in '. at L '. in '. ta"e '. to '. since '. hide
. had . &ath . for . might . re&orted . off . towards . across . %& . to . across . &ic" . at . d%e . draw
230 CAPTAIN "AMES COO#
Fames 'oo", the famo%s ca&tain, e&lorer and navigator, was born in ar ton, a Bor"shire village, on 8ctober 2, 120. is father was a &oor farm labo%rer who wor"ed. (1) _______ to feed and clothe his seven children. Bo%ng Fames (2) _______ _______ school %ntil he was twelve and it was there that he develo&ed his ($) _______ _______ of mathematics. () _______, _______, the time soon came for the boy to (*) _______ _______ his living. living. e left school and followed (-) (-) _______ his father:s footste&s %ntil he fo%nd () _______ on a coal shi& at the age of 10. 'oo" was ambitio%s and loved the sea and so in 1** he @oined the navy as a sailor. 5oon he (0) _______ &romoted to aster:s ate beca%se of his etraordi/ nary ability as a seaman. +o%r years later, in command of his own shi& he () _______ _______ sail for North 7merica. 7merica. 'oo":s 'oo":s geni%s in maths hel&ed him to chart the channel of the 5t =awrence Eiver with (16) _______ acc%racy that his ma&s were (11) _______ being %sed %& %ntil the twentieth cent%ry. %ring his many (12) _______, 'oo" discovered the east coast of 7%stralia and e&lored the coasts of 'anada, North 7merica and New ealand. oreover, 'oo" and his (1$) _______ were the first men to sail (1) _______ the 7ntarctic. To add to his list of ama!ing accom&lishments, 'oo" also established a regimen for healthy eating and living for his sailors that set an eam&le for f%t%re seamen, Fames 'oo":s life was c%t short in 1, in awaii, (1*) _______ he was fatally wo%nded d%ring a >%arrel. e was fifty/one years old. 1. 2, $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11.
7. hard 7. followed 7. friendshi& 7. +%rthermore 7. win 7. on 7. @ob 7. was 7. &%t 7. so 7. still
3. hardly 3. went 3. love 3. oreover 3. gain 3. in 3. occ%&ation 3. had been 3. set 3. m%ch 3. yet
'. heavily '. attended '. warmth '. 5till '. earn '. after '. wor" '. is '. left '. great '. altho%gh
. strong . too" . adoration . owever . go after . at . &rofession . was being . made . s%ch . even
12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. rides 7. gang 7. aro%nd 7. %ntil
3. voyages 3. staff 3. beyond 3. while
'. cr%ises '. team '. %nderneath '. when
. drives . crew . over . as soon as
231 EARLY TO BE+ EARLY TO RISE
#n 9reat 3ritain and other develo&ed co%ntries, incl%ding the Cnited 5tates, many early deaths are related to lifestyle. 7 (1) _______ of these deaths co%ld be (2) _______ if &eo&le co%ld be &ers%aded to eercise ($) _______ and eat healthy, n%tritio%s n%tritio%s food. There are also other factors which when () _______, have an im / &act on o%r health. #n (*) _______ to maintain o&timal health, there m%st be a balance of &hysical and mental health. 4motional, 4motional, social, intellect%al intellect%al and s&irit%al health are at least as (-) _______ as &hysical well being and fitness. ore o re than than half half the the &o &o&% &%la lati tion on of 3rit 3ritai ain n and and the the Cnit Cnited ed 5tat 5tates es is () () _______.The _______.The &o&%larity &o&%larity of &i!!a and other Gfast foodsH has allowed these &rod%cts to become a ma@or (0) _______ _______ of the food ind%stry. ind%stry. #n 3ritain more than -66 million &o%nds a year is () _______ on &i!!as from s%&ermar"ets. 7t the same time, s&ending on meat, dairy &rod%cts and eggs has declined altho%gh more fr%it and vegetables are being (16) _______. The (11) _______ nowadays seems to be snac"ing and eating in front of the television; television; now a dominant dominant &art of o%r lifestyle. es&ite all this inactivity however, there has been a s%rge of (12) _______ in "ee&ing fit, and fitness and health has become a m%lti/billion &o%nd ind%stry. ?eo&le ?eo&le are concer concerned ned abo%t abo%t the the (1$) (1$) __ _____ _____ __ they they eat and are &arti &artic%l c%larl arly y concerned abo%t the (1) _______ of &esticides. ?%blic awareness of health iss%es is high b%t even so, the n%mber of overweight &eo&le in develo&ed co%ntries con/ tin%es to rise. This is beca%se o%r environment and lifestyle ma"e %s less active. The old adage that Gearly to bed and early to rise, ma"es a man healthy, wealthy and wiseH is as (1*) _______ today as it was in the &ast. 1.
7. lot
3. many
'. m%ch
. b%nch
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1 1*
7, barred 7, etra 7. combined 7. tell 7. im&ortant 7K &l%m& 7. branch 7. %sed %& 7. scoffed 7. trait 7. attention 7. gr%b 7. em&loy 7. tr%e
3. &revented 3. f%rther 3. shared 3. instr%ct 3. "ey 3, heavy 3. &art 3. tired 3. m%nched 3. drift 3. concern 3. fare 3. %se 3. real
'. banned '. added '. &ooled. '. order '. main '. overweight '. fraction '. worn/o%t ', eaten '. fashion '. interest '. rations '. e&loit '. &ro&er
. sto&&ed . more . @oint . command . central flabby . &iece . s&ent . devo%red . trend . c%riosity . food . a&&ly . eact
232 THE CATALYTIC CON!ERTER
The >%ality of the air we (1) _______ is im&ortant im&ortant beca%se it affects o%r health and the length of o%r lives. 7ir &oll%tion is a big (2) _______ in many of o%r cities and a ($) _______ of this is ca%sed by motor vehicles. There are si main &oll%t/ ants in the () _______ and fo%r of these are (*) _______ in large >%antities by motor engines. The gases that are (-) _______ into the air are affected by s%nlight and t%rned into o!one at gro%nd level. Cnli"e the o!one that is high in the at/ mos&here and &rotects %s from radiation, the o!one on the gro%nd is a health () _______ _______ any co%ntries have (0) _______ the level of lead &oll%tion by banning the %se of the metal in () _______, #n other co%ntries, its (16) _______ is very strictly controlled. We have to (11) _______ or get rid of the three other harmf%l gases &rod%ced by the -$6 million vehicles worldwide / a(n) (12) _______ that is li"ely to do%ble in the net twenty to thirty years. 'oncern abo%t the environment has led to the invention of a(n) (1$) _______ "nown as Gthe three way catalytic converterH, so/called beca%se of the three &oi/ sono%s gases it (1) _______ to red%ce. ore efficient engines red%ce the forma/ tion of these gases and the converter red%ces them still f%rther. armf%l gases in
engine eha%sts are b%rned %& by &assing them over a metal catalyst which (1*) _______ _______ %& the reaction. The catalyst is rather e&ensive, b%t what &rice do we &%t on good good health< health< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. inhale 7. &roblem 7. m%ch 7. environment 7. sha&ed 7. %nconfined 7. &eril 7. hac"ed 7. &etrol 7. e&loit 7. red%ce 7. form 7. a&&liance 7, assists 7. s&eeds
3. breathe 3. tro%ble 3. many 3. s%rro%ndings 3. fashioned 3. delivered 3. ris" 3. cho&&ed 3. coal 3. em&loy 3. shrin" 3. sha&e 3. device 3. facilitates 3. rates
'. breath '. diffic%lty '. lot '. mood '. &rod%ced '. liberated '. e&os%re '. c%t '. grease '. a&&ly '. condense '. fig%re '. tool '. aids '. &aces
. res&ire . crisis . b%nch . atmos&here . made . released . danger . sliced . energy . %se . ease . amo%nt . a&&arat%s . hel&s . accelerates
233 FOO+ GLORIOUS FOO
%ch of the &re/&re&ared food we eat today contains additives of one (1) _______ _______ or another. (2) _______ _______ of these additives are harmless, some are not so harmless and some are even ($) _______. #n 4%ro&e, &ermitted additives are given a n%mber which is &refied by an G4H. 7dditives are %sed by food &rocessing man%fact%rers man%fact%rers to im&rove im&rove taste, thic"en or &reserve the food. () _______ are also %sed to ma"e the food loo" more inviting. 4ven (*) _______ food from the greengrocer may contain resid%es of &esticides and other chemicals. #t is often arg%ed that adding chemicals to food somehow ma"es o%r diet less wholesome than it was in the &ast, before the effect of s%ch additives was discov/ ered. #s this really (-) _______< #n 102 a &ioneer in investigating ad%lterated food food,, r ass assal al,, () () __ ____ ____ ___ _ that that a vari variet ety y of (0) (0) __ ____ ____ ___ _ chem chemic ical alss and and contaminates were to be fo%nd in () _______ foodst%ffs foodst%ffs.. e fo%nd, among other things, al%m and chal" added to bread, and co&&er and lead added to other foods,
to give colo%r. 4ven &oisons s%ch as strychnine were %sed. +oods cons%med by the the well well off off, s% s%ch ch as ice ice crea cream, m, were were (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ as bad bad and and were were ofte often n contaminated contaminated with foreign material. 4/n%mbered chemicals (11) (11) _______ as food additives have to be listed on the labels of &rocessed food, so at (12) _______ the cons%mer cons%mer has a choice nowadays whether to (1$) _______ the &rod%ct or not. The ictorians had no s%ch choice and the &oor, es&ecially, s%ffered. any of the &oisons (1) _______ %& in their bodies, ca%sing chronic chronic gastric irritation, food &oisoning &oisoning or death. #n 10-2, it was estimated that one fifth of all meat in 4ngland and Wales came from animals that had died of disease. 4/n%mbered chemicals have received (1*) _______ of &%b/ licity, most of it bad. The fact is, tho%gh, witho%t them the freshness, colo%r and flavo%r of o%r food wo%ld s%ffer. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. class 7. +ew 7. dangero%s 7. Tints 7, fresh 7. tr%thf%l 7. e&lored 7. toic 7. fre>%ent 7. only 7. %sed 7. first 7. have 7. made 7. more
3. division 3. 5ome 3. threatening 3. 'olo%rings 3. new 3. tr%e 3. invented 3. deathly 3. general 3. abo%t 3. made 3. once 3. obtain 3. b%ilt 3. m%ch
'. thing '. ario%s '. %nsafe '. 5hades '. nat%ral '. eact '. discovered '. &oisoned '. %s%al '. @%st '. &%t '. most '. b%y '. set '. a lot
. sort . =ittle . ris"y . ?aints . &%re . &ro&er . tested . venomo%s . common . >%ite . a&&lied . least . ta"e . &%t . a few
234 ENFORCING CENSORSHIP
7ll governments have secrets that they wo%ld rather not reveal. 8bvio%sly, this is vital if a state of emergency eists. #nformation #nformation that wo%ld be %sef%l to a(n) (1) _______ _______ has to be "e&t o%t of the media, it is also the d%ty of governments to (2) _______ _______ the citi!ens of their co%ntries. co%ntries. 'hildren need to be ($) _______ from
obscene or violent material in films and on T. There are some &eo&le who wo%ld () () __ ____ ____ ___, _, howeve however, r, that no grown grown/% /%& & has the >5? _______ to tell another grown/%& what he or she can read or watch. (-) _______ co%ntries do not allow violent or offensive material to be shown on T %ntil () _______ at night. There is a s&ecial sign at the (0) _______ of films, which indicates whether they are s%itable or not for () _______ children. 8ther films or dramas start with a warning that they may be s%itable for older children (16) _______. This gives &arents a choice of whether to allow their children to watch them or not. +ilms (11) _______ in cinemas may contain violent or offensive scenes, in which case children %nder a certain (12) _______ are not allowed in. 9reat 3ritain &rotects its state secrets by means of an 7ct of ?arliament / The 8fficial 5ecrets 7ct. 7 non/government body "nown as The 3ritish 3oard of +ilm 'lassification (33+') closely controls all films shown in cinemas, on T, or videos for home %se. This was (1$) _______ %& in 112 by the film ind%stry itself. The films and videos are eamined and rated by the board as to what age (1) _______ they are s%itable for. #n some (1*) _______ they may decide to ban a film or video altogether, es&ecially if it contains scenes that may be offensive offensive to others. 1&
2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. enemy 7. &reserve 7. hidden 7. disagree 7. correct 7. ost 7. behind 7. beginning 7. childish 7. merely 7. e&osed 7. era 7. firm 7. b%nch 7. cases
3. rival 3. sec%re 3. sheltered 3. bic"er 3. tr%e 3. 9enerally 3. late 3. fo%ndation 3. @%venile 3. sim&ly 3. shown . 3. time 3. &%t 3. collection 3. definitions
'. o&&onent '. defend '. secl%ded '. dis&%te '. right '. =argely '. &ast '. creation '. yo%ng '. @%st '. revealed '. &eriod '. set '. cl%ster '. eam&les
. foe . s%&&ort . confined . arg%e . eact . ainly . after . la%nch . new only . dis&layed . age . &lace . gro%& . incidents
235 ESERT HOI SPRINGS
esert ot 5&rings is a city near ?alm 5&rings in 'alifornia. #t is sit%ated on a &art of the the famo%s 5an 7ndreas 7ndreas +a%lt line line and is the the (1) _______ _______ of of the nat%ral hot s&rings which (2) _______ the city its name and its water. The water is famo%s for its thera&e%tic ($) _______ and some &eo&le have gone so () _______ as to call it GThe iracle WatersH. WatersH. There are over forty health s&as in the city which offer a variety of health and bea%ty thera&ies. The water originates (*) _______ the ice ca&s ca&s of the the s%rro s%rro%n %ndi ding ng mo mo%n %ntai tains ns.. #t travel travelss slowl slowly y do down wn the mo mo%n %ntai tain n (-) (-) _______ _______ miles of sand and roc" and along the way it becomes () _______ with minerals. The water that &asses over the fa%lt line is heated and is (0) _______ to treat many ailments incl%ding arthritis and to () _______ aching m%scles. #t is also believed to be very (16) _______ for the s"in. The water that &asses thro%gh the ission 'ree" 5%b/basin, so%th of the fa%lt, is cold and is %sed as the city:s drin"ing water. This water has (11) _______ many awards for its great taste and is (12) _______ to be the best %ntreated drin"ing water in the co%ntry. esert ot 5&rings is (1$) _______ beca%se it has both nat%rally hot and cold waters. (1) _______ _______ of this, the city has created an ed%cational facility called ot 5&rings ?ar" that offers &eo&le the chance to see (1*) _______ hand how the city receives its water. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. start 7. s%&&ly 7. &rofits 7. far 7. of 7. %nder 7. filled 7. o&erated 7. red%ce 7. &ositive 7. won 7. %nderstood
3. fo%ndation 3. bring 3, &ro&erties 3. m%ch 3. from 3. between 3, thic" 3. a&&lied 3. ease 3. well 3. earned 3. told
'. basis '. give '. &ros '. long '. to '. along '. enriched '. %sed '. rela '. &erfect '. gained '. said
. so%rce . &rovide . benefits . that . for . thro%gh . f%ll . hel&ed . comfort . good . given . stated
1$. 1. 1*.
7. %ni>%e 7. %e 7. own
3. only 3. es&ite 3. first
'. solo '. 5ince '. one
. alone . 3eca%se . lead
236 SOMETHING IFFERENT
=oo"ing for an %nforgettable way to celebrate that s&ecial occasion< Well, the (1) _______ o&tions o&en to today:s/yo%ng today:s/yo%ngster ster / or even GoldsterH for that matter, is a far cry from the traditional &arty or resta%rant visit. No longer is it (2) _______ _______ s%fficient s%fficient to invite yo%r friends friends ro%nd, b%y b%y some food and ($) ($) _______ a ba"er to &rod%ce &rod%ce a ca"e. No, today:s birthday boy boy or girl is loo"ing loo"ing for something something o%t of the ordinary, ranging from the () _______ e&ensive to the downright dangero%s. 7nything (*) _______, as long as it is %n%s%al and im&ressive. To& of this year s &o&%lar (-) _______ are as followsK ta"ing some friends rally driving, helico&ter lessons, &lane tri& and &arach%ting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is ()_______ gro%& b%ngee @%m&ing or ta"ing yo%r b%ddies on a stomach/ch%rning, white water rafting (0) _______ down ra&ids. The desire for advent%ro%s celebration is not restricted to the () _______. # recent recently ly met an octog octogena enaria rian n who celebr celebrate ated d (16) (16) __ ____ ____ ___ _ the miles milesto tone ne of eighty by having a flying lesson. 8f co%rse, if yo% have the money the world is yo%r oyster. 7 well/heeled relation of mine flew fifty of his friends to a 'aribbean island to (11) _______ the &assing of of his half cent%ry. cent%ry. Cnfort%natel Cnfort%nately y # was only only a (12) _______ _______ relation. Cndo%btedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do contin%e to (1$) _______ _______ the less etravagant or less advent%ro%s advent%ro%s among %s. owever, owever, with my own half cent%ry (1) _______ on the hori!on 1 wo%ld not say no to a wee"end in ?aris and a meal at the 4iffel Tower. # can (1*) _______ dream. ?erha&s by the time #:m eighty #:ll be able to afford it. 1. 2. $.
7. scale 7. ho&ed 7. ma"e
. 3, degree 3. considered 3. want
'. variance '. mar"ed '. let
. range . decided . get
. *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &erfectly 7. comes 7. etravagances 7. ever 7. ride 7. adolescents 7. attaining 7. signal 7. distant 7. distract 7. a&&earing 7. b%t
3. dearly 3. goes 3. e&eriments 3. instead 3. voyage 3. teenagers 3. reaching 3. s&ot 3. remote 3, satisfy 3. showing 3. anyway
'. o%trageo%sly '. wins '. e&os%res '. more '. travel '. yo%ng '. getting '. mar" '. faraway '. absorb '. dar"ening '. nevertheless
. e&licitly . ta"es . e&enses . always . crossing . yo%th . arriving . register . slight . &acify . looming . however
237 PEER PRESSURE
8ne of the strongest infl%ences on children today is that of their &eers. What their classmates thin", how they dress and how they act in class and o%t of it (1) _______ _______ the behavio%r of nearly nearly every child at school. school. #n their (2) _______ _______ not to be different, different, some children go so ($) _______ as to hide their intelligence and ability in case they are made () _______ of. 9enerally, children do not want to stand o%t from the (*) _______. They want to (-) _______ in, to be acce&ted. #n &sychological &sychological () _______ _______ the im&ortance im&ortance of &eer &ress%re cannot be overem&hasised. There is a lot of evidence that it has great (0) _______ on all as&ects of children:s lives, from the clothes they wear, the m%sic they listen to and their () _______ to st%dy to their ambitions in life, their relationshi&s and their (16) (16) ___ ______ ____ _ of self/wor self/worth. th. owever owever,, as children children grow %& into into adolescen adolescents, ts, individ%ality becomes more acce&table. (11) _______ even, and in their (12) _______ _______ for their own &ersonal style, the teenager and yo%ng ad%lt will begin to e&eriment and be more willing to (1$) _______ the ris" of re@ection by the gro%&. 'oncern abo%t intellect%al &rowess and (1) _______ good eam res%lts can dominate as the atmos&here of com&etition develo&s and worries abo%t the f%t%re (1*) _______ any fears of a&&earing too brainy. 1. 2.
7. vary 7. efforts
3. res%lt 3. ste&s
'. im&ress '. meas%res
. affect . actions
$. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. long 7. @o"e 7. &arty 7. set 7. &oints 7. bearing 7. o&inion 7. sense 7. bearable 7. search 7. carry 7. s%cceeding 7. overthrow
3. distant 3. f%n 3. band 3. fit 3. words 3. r%nning 3. view 3. reaction 3. desirable 3. chase 3. bring 3. achieving 3. overflow
'. m%ch '. la%gh '. circle '. get '. terms '. meaning '. attit%de '. im&ression '. tolerable '. co%rse '. r%n '. earning '. override
. far . ridic%le . crowd . fall . means . standing . consideration awareness . li"eable . h%nt . co&e . winning . overbalance
238 SOCIETY FOR THE PRE!ENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS M: S/@:
We believe that animals have val%e beyond economic meas%rement, and are (1) _______ to legal, moral and ethical consideration consideration and &rotection. &rotection. 8%r mission is to act as an advocate on (2) _______ of animals and as a ($) _______ of their rights; to &rovide for the well/being of the animals that are abandoned, in@%red, _______ _______ to %nfair or cr%el treatment, or otherwise in (*) _______; to c%ltivate in the &eo&le of o%r comm%nity consideration for the animals whose world we share; and to (-) _______ res&ect for all living () _______ H YOU /: ,
any of o%r &rogrammes and services are (0) _______ by o%r vol%nteers. #f yo% love animals and en@oy wor"ing with them, W4 N44 B8CA F:
ol%nteers wor" with the +%nd evelo&ment e&artment on &rogrammes and s&ecial events to () _______ money to s%&&ort o%r (16) _______ for animals. M A:
Thro%gh o%r obile 7do&tion ?rogramme, vol%nteers hel& ta"e animals to &%blic sites thro%gho%t thro%gho%t the comm%nity, comm%nity, (11) (11) _______ _______ for the animals on site and hel& screen &otential ado&ters to (12) _______ that o%r &ets are &laced in caring
and loving homes. P F P
ol%nteers assist (1$) _______ _______ citi!ens with choosing and ado&ting new com/ com / &anion &ets. &ets. S/ AD:@:
There are often (1) _______ term assignments that vol%nteers can hel& %s with, s%ch as research (1*) _______ clerical assistance, gra&hic design wor", etc 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &ermitted 7. side 7. defender 7. &laced 7. essence 7. inf%se 7. ob@ects 7. done 7. raise 7. tries 7. loo" 7. ens%re 7. old 7. instant 7. @obs
3. allowed 3. aid 3. fighter 3. s%ffered 3. need 3. introd%ce 3. things 3. given 3. b%ild %& 3. efforts 3. treat 3. ins%re 3. &ensioner 3. short 3. tas"s
'. entitled '. &art '. "ee&er '. s%b@ected '. necessity '. cam&aign '. so%ls '. made '. collect '. attem&ts '. g%ard '. ass%re ', senior '. limited Z &ro@ects
. deserved . behalf . resc%er . end%red . want . &romote . bodies . r%n . gather . challenges . care . indicate . ma@or . immediate . d%ties
239 GI!EN THE THUMBS OWN
When yo%r manager tells yo% they are &leased with yo%r wor", the least yo% can can e&e e&ect ct is a(n) a(n) (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ refe refere renc ncee when when yo yo% % leav leave. e. Th That at,, at any any (2) (2) _______ _______ is what Wayn Waynee Taft Taft tho%ght tho%ght when he a&&lied a&&lied for a @ob as an occ%&ational care wor"er. #magine his s%r&rise ($) _______, when he o&ened a letter that said G5orry, we can:t () _______ yo% beca%se of yo%r @ob reference.H G#t was very %&setting,H he says. G was shoc"ed at how cr%el &eo&le can be y reference sho%ld have been (*) _______. G r Taft, who is %nem&loyed, is still (-) _______ _______ the conse>%ences conse>%ences of his () _______ em&loyer, another home care &ro/
vider, (0) _______ to s%&&ly s%&&ly a &ositive, or even ne%tral reference. G# was loo"ing () _______ to a new @ob and now #:m on the (16) _______.H 7fter he received the (11) _______ letter he resigned himself to &%rs%ing @obs %sing another &ast em&loyer as a reference. e was never told why the reference was bad, and in the two months since it ha&&ened has felt (12) _______ 3%t this wee" he: discovered discovered that %nder the ata ?rotection 7ct, 7ct, he has the right to re>%est (1$) _______ to the reference from the organisation who received it. r Taft says he intends to (1) _______ the em&loyer that t%rned him down and demand to see the reference. G#:m so angry, # need to find o%t what ha&&ened and (1*) _______ it right,H he adds. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. beneficial 7. &ace 7. namely 7. review 7. shining 7. s%ffering 7. &resent 7. ref%sing 7. away 7. leis%re 7. dismissal 7. &owerless 7. admittance 7. str%ggle 7. &%t
3. straight 3. way 3. then 3. regard 3. gleaming 3. ta"ing 3. former 3. avoiding 3. forward 3. >%e%e 3. ref%sal 3. accidental 3. access 3. disagree 3. get
'. decent '. ste& '. really '. @%dge '. glowing '. getting , '. wo%ld be '. &rotesting '. aside ', dole '. denial '. %nfavo%rable '. entry '. dare '. &lace
. moral . rate . altho%gh . consider . glistening . having . so called . disli"ing . front . home . re@ection . %nrelated . &ermission . confront . fi
240 MOELS TO BE
#n a com&etition for &ros&ective models, fo%r tho%sand girls between the ages of 1- and 2 were a%ditioned by a (1) _______ of three @%dges from (2) _______ model agency ?remier odel anagement. Twenty/two were as"ed to ret%rn for a more ($) _______ vetting &rocess. This involved catwal" training, being () _______ _______ witho%t ma"e/%& ma"e/%& and a &ersonal &ersonal interview. interview. 7 f%rther wor"sho& wor"sho& wee" fol/ fol/ lowed[ involving ma"e/overs, hair/styling hair/styling and more catwal" training, after which
the girls were (*) _______ whittled down to five. The finalists will now (-) _______ three months of intensive training. 'ameras will () _______ them aro%nd constantly, ca&t%ring the daily (0) _______ of castings, shoots and lessons from ind%stry &rofessionals. 7lso in () _______ for them are eha%sting wor"o%ts at the gym, &l%s a&&ointments with hairdressers, n%tritionists, bea%ticians and s&ecialist s"in clinics. . es&ite its (16) _______ image, the modelling world is (11) _______ and the finalists will certainly he (12) _______ thro%gh their &aces. 3%t. tho%gh their lives may be all (1$) _______ tit and carrot @%ice, the &ri!e at the end is glittering P a year:s modelling (1) _______ with ?remier odel anagement, an overseas &hoto shoot for the (1*) _______ _______ of 'osmo&olitan 'osmo&olitan maga!ine, and the chance to model on the catwal" at =ondon +ashion Wee". 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. &anel 7. &ea" 7. rigoro%s 7. charged 7. shortly 7. overcome 7. &%rs%e 7. labo%r 7. stoc" 7. shining 7. to%gh 7. thrown 7. maintain 7. contract 7. lid
3. co%ncil 3. great 3. eact 3. assessed 3. lastly 3. o%tlast 3. follow 3. attem&t 3. view 3. glamoro%s 3. stiff 3. shown 3. hold 3. &romotion 3. cover
'. meeting '. high '. solid '. investigated '. finally '. %&hold '. h%nt '. d%ty '. store '. gorgeo%s '. firm '. &%shed '. "ee& '. treaty '. @ac"et
. range . to& . stable . noted . com&letely . %ndergo . ta"e . grind . s%&&ly . &ict%res>%e . stic"y . &%t . catch . settlement . sleeve
241 !ALUABLE !ALUABLE LESSONS
When ad%lts &raise a child for trying, des&ite %nacce&table wor", they teach that (1) _______ is more im&ortant than res%lts. # once too" (2) _______ a class in the middle of a term from a teacher who was a ($) _______ mar"er. 7fter # had ret%rned a batch of mar"ed &a&ers, one boy com&lained () _______ receiving a
O'. #:m (*) _______ to getting O7:s:H he said. When # e&lained that his essay was badly (-) _______, _______, he as"edK GWhat abo%t the &ict%res< 8%r other teacher gave etra () _______ for effort.H Eeal life seldom (0) _______ those who try b%t don:t get res%lts. 7nd it:s a rare boss who tolerates an em&loyee who insists that he () _______ his best. Cnm Cnmerit erited ed &rai &raise se may "ee& "ee& chil child dren ren from from (16 16)) __ ____ ____ ___ _ thei theirr own own tr%e tr%e ca&abilities. Bears ago, my best friend was a nat%rally (11) _______ m%sician. er family saw every effort as GbrilliantH b%t she hated &ractising and often did badly at recitals. 7fter one &artic%larly &artic%larly embarrassing embarrassing &erformance, &erformance, her mother said, GBo% were wonderf%l, b%t that &iano needs t%ning and the a%dience was so noisy, it:s no (12) _______ yo% forgot the second movement.H ad this girl (1$) _______ _______ criticism, she might have realised her dreams of a concert career. 7s it was, her &laying got grad%ally worse, she lost (1) _______ and event%ally (1*) _______ _______ o%t of m%sic school. school. 1. 2, $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. try 7. %& 7. light 7. by 7. %sed 7. e&ressed 7. mar"s 7. awards 7. made 7. gaining 7. worthy 7. do%bt 7. e&lained 7. interest 7. fell
3. effort 3. o%t 3. genero%s 3. for 3. familiar 3. organised 3. grades 3. merits 3. went 3. s%cceeding 3. gifted 3. shame 3. offered 3. energy 3. went
'. trial '. over '. giving '. with '. ada&ted '. made '. notes '. rewards '. &%t '. realising '. ca&able '. @o"e '. received '. motive '. &assed
. attem&t. . down . tender . abo%t . "een . fied . scores . grants . did . meeting . deserved . wonder . given . attention . dro&&ed
242 FRIGE RAIERS
?eo&le who fre>%ently wa"e %& in the middle of the night and are %nable to (1) _______ _______ a tri& to the fridge may in fact be s%ffering s%ffering from a (2) _______ medical
com&l com&lain aint, t, say scient scientis ists. ts. Th They ey have have ($) ($) __ ____ _____ ___ bioche biochemi mical cal diff differe erence ncess in &eo&le who cannot () ________ ________ the %rge to eat d%ring the ho%rs (*) _______ most of %s are aslee&. Night 4ating 5yndrome, as it is called, is not a new &henomenon. &henomenon. #n the 1*6s, doctors doctors fo%nd fo%nd that (-) (-) _______ _______ one and two &ercent &ercent of &eo&le admitted to reg%larly raiding their fridges at night. The new findings findings () _______ _______ eisting evidence that the syndrome syndrome is a (0) _______ _______ eating disorder. disorder. 5ym&toms incl%de () _______ no a&&etite for brea"fast and eating more than (16) _______ of the day:s total food inta"e after &m. 5%fferers are &rone to stress and have a (11) _______ to crave foods which are (12) _______ in carbohydrates, s%ch s%ch as ca"es ca"es and cris& cris&s, s, (1$) (1$) __ ____ ____ ___ _ tho% tho%gh gh these these are the (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___ _ no%rishing. no%rishing. 7s a res%lt, many of them are overweight. 7ccording 7ccording to doctors, there is a difference in the way that the bodies of &eo&le with Night 4ating 5yndrome (1*) _______ to certain hormones connected with controlling stress. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7. avoid 7. legal 7. invented 7. command 7. when 7. abo%t 7. hel& 7. serio%s 7. "ee&ing 7. some 7. tendency 7. &lenty 7. even 7. few 7. defend
3. resist 3. tr%e 3. discovered 3. g%ide 3. which 3. ro%ghly 3. s%&&ort 3. sensible 3. holding 3. most 3. trend 3. m%ch 3. yet 3. least 3. re&ly
'. sto& '. gen%ine '. &rod%ced 9. control '. while '. aro%nd '. aid '. strong '. having '. &art '. fashion '. lot '. des&ite '. less '. react
. delay . sincere . e&lored . r%le . where . between . assist . strict . owning . half . habit . high . since . little . ret%rn
243 THE MONTESSOR; METHO
+rom the moment we are born, we start learning abo%t the world (1) _______ %s. We learn a great deal of things over a very (2) _______ &eriod of time, and this forms the fo%ndation ($) _______ all o%r f%t%re learning. () _______ to the
age of si, we are etremely sensitive and we develo& the im&ortant s"ills that will &re&are %s for (*) _______ life. Therefore, Therefore, it is very im&ortant im&ortant to have a good &reschool &rogramme &rogramme (-) _______ hel&s %s to develo& hand/eye co/ordination co/ordination and &roblem/solving abilities, as well as e&osing %s to a () _______ variety of stim%li and materials. aria ontessori develo&ed (0) _______ a &rogramme, which hel&s children to () _______ their intelligence and inde&endence. inde&endence. The ontessori ontessori ethod, as it is (16) _______, combines &ractical activities, which stim%late the senses of to%ch and smell, with mathematical and lang%age develo&ment activities. The children are com&letely (11) _______ to choose which activity to (12) _______ in and when, th%s enco%raging self/confidence and inde&endence. This (1$) _______ to teaching is very &o&%lar with (1) _______ &arents of yo%ng children, as it involves learning which %ses all the senses (1*) _______ those im&ortant early years. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7, aro%nd 7. little 7. on 7. 7bove 7. after 7. what 7. wide 7. so 7. e&and 7. "nown 7. o&en 7. &artici&ate 7. way 7. many 7. for
3. among 3. small 3. to 3. C& 3. net 3. when 3. far 3. s%ch 3. increase 3. called 3. allowed 3. do 3. a&&roach 3. lots 3. while
'. against '. short '. with '. Near '. older '. which '. rich '. >%ite '. develo& '. titled '. able '. &lay '. system '. m%ch '. at
. along . tiny . of . 8ver . later . who . broad . many . im&rove . branded . free . ta"e . method . &lenty . d%ring
244 COLOUR AN COMMUNICATION
'olo%r, 'olo%r, altho%gh only a small &art of o%r comm%nication system, &lays a large role. Whether yo% are designing Web (1) _______, b%ying clothes 8D decorating decorating
yo%r "itchen, yo%r (2) _______ of colo%rs sends a definite message to other &eo&le, and they will res&ond res&ond to to it in a ($) ($) _______ _______ way. way. 4very colo%r has a different different () _______ on &eo&le, and the &ractice of correct colo%r selection is a delicate (*) _______. To f%rther com&licate matters, the ef/ fects of colo%rs change, as times and fashions change. 'ertain colo%rs also mean different things in different c%lt%res. +or eam&le, in the Cnited 5tates, bl%e is tho%ght to be a relaing colo%r. Tests reveal that the colo%r bl%e (-) _______ blood &ress%re, calms viewers and gives them a sense of () _______, #n iddle 4astern co%ntries, however, bl%e is believed to be a &rotective colo%r and &eo&le (0) ________ their front doors bl%e to ward off () _______ s&irits. 'olo%r comm%nication comm%nication is an essential &art of how we see the world. #n western societies, we "now that a @ester is comical and &layf%l beca%se he (16) _______ _______ in bright red, green, bl%e and yellow. yellow. The colo%r blac", however, however, is (11) (11) _______ _______ with boredom or evil, and white with &%rity and light. The colo%r orange is friendly, relaing and &eacef%l, whereas (12) _______ yellow is a ha&&y colo%r. Eesearch (1$) _______ that all h%man beings ma"e a s%bconscio%s @%dgement abo%t a &erson or item within the first 6 seconds of (1) _______ it, and -2 to 6 of that assessment is (1*) _______ on colo%r alone. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1. 1*.
7 ages 7. decision 7. se&arate 7. idea 7. art 7. lessens 7. ca%tion 7. &aint 7. mean 7. o%tfits 7. matched 7. strong 7. ehibits 7. viewing 7. based
3. &a&ers 3. o&tion 3. certain 3. sense 3. talent 3. dro&s 3. sec%rity 3. decorate 3. wic"ed 3. clothes 3. associated 3. &owerf%l 3. dis&lays 3. seeing 3. constr%cted
'. covers '. choice '. clear '. effect '. method '. sin"s '. g%arantee '. coat '. cr%el '. dresses '. @oined '. bright '. %ncovers '. watching '. established
. sheets . &ic" . obvio%s . force . ability , lowers . defence . shade . evil . wears . gro%&ed . lo%d . shows . loo"ing . balanced
245 CHOOSING A SUITABLE CAREER
Which career is right for yo%< This is a >%estion facing many yo%ng &eo&le today. The career yo% choose will (1) _______ vario%s areas of yo%r life so it:s advisable to give it a good (2) _______ of tho%ght beforehand. #t can determine yo%r yo %r leve levell of ed%c ed%cat atio ion n and and train rainin ing, g, yo yo%r %r rate ratess ($) ($) __ ____ ____ ___ _ &ay &ay, yo yo% %r &romotional &romotional &ros&ects, &ros&ects, yo%r ho%rs of wor" and yo%r wor"ing conditions. These, in () _______ , will alter yo%r f%t%re lifestyleK where yo% will live, yo%r social (*) _______, even which s&orts and leis%re activities yo% are more li"ely to (-) _______ _______ %&. 5o, as yo% can () _______, _______, it is >%ite a com&licated b%siness. b%siness. +%rthermore, thin" (0) _______ what yo% wo%ld li"e an occ%&ation to offer yo% and list them in () _______ of im&ortance. Cnfort%nately, yo% may have to sacrifice one to gain another. +or +or instance, yo% may want a (16) _______ income, income, yet also want the inde&endence of wor"ing for yo%rself. Bo% will have to (11) _______ _______ a decision abo%t what is most im&ortant im&ortant to yo%. To hel& yo% decide, write down what it is abo%t each item that is im&ortant to yo%. o try to "ee& in (12) _______ however, that as yo% (1$) _______ older yo%r val%es are li"ely to chan change ge,, so yo yo% % sh sho% o%ld ld "ee& "ee& yo yo%r %r o& o&ti tion onss (1) (1) __ ____ ____ ___. _. 7nd agai again n as yo yo% % discover more abo%t yo%rself and abo%t @obs, yo% may change yo%r ideas, so be (1*) _______ to revise yo%r list from time to time. 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$. 1.
7. affect 7. etent 7. in 7. co%rse 7. life 7. bring 7. &ict%re 7. o%t 7. &lace 7. ty&ical 7. set 7. mind 7. t%rn 7. high
3. im&ress 3. &ortion 3. of 3. way 3. sec%rity 3. set 3. see 3. ahead 3. order 3. ro%tine 3. do 3. tho%ght 3. come 3. o&en
'. regard '. deal '. with '. line '. service '. get '. believe '. abo%t '. series 'K fre>%ent '. ma"e '. memory '. get '. free
. interest . share . for . t%rn . wor" . ta"e . thin" . for . &osition . reg%lar , fi . consideration . reach . wide
1*.
7. organised
3. arranged
'. &lanned
. &re&ared
246 WALI WALI ISNEY
There is no one who has not heard of Walt isney; he is witho%t do%bt one of the most famo%s fig%res in the twentieth cent%ry and (1) _______ most &eo&le "now hardly anything abo%t him. (2) _______ he became one of the most s%ccess/ f%l men in history, he ($) _______ school at the age of siteen and then st%died art for a short time. 3y the () _______ years of this cent%ry, he had (*) _______ started to &rod%ce cartoons in ollywood in (-) _______ with his brother Eoy, who, for some reason, never () _______ to become as famo%s as Walt. Walt. isney is &erha&s most well "nown on (0) _______ of his lovable cartoon character, ic"ey o%se, who first () _______ in 120 in a film called 5teamboat Willie. 8ne of the most, (16) _______ cartoon films of all time is 5now White and the 5even warfs, which, when it was (11) (11) _______ in 1$, was the first f%ll/length cartoon in the history of the cinema. (12) _______ the 1*6s, Walt isney had become one of the world:s ma@or (1$) _______ of films for cinema and television. 7s isney ?rod%ctions (1) _______, _______, its fo%nder retained com&lete artistic control of the films and he also (1*) _______ on to &%blish boo"s for children and cartoon stri&s in news&a&ers, feat%ring s%ch characters as onald %c" and ?l%to the dog. 1. 2. $. . *. -, . 0. . 16. 11. 12. 1$.
7. then 7. 7ltho%gh 7. grad%ated 7. &rimary 7. still 7. relationshi& 7. achieved 7. case 7. a&&eared 7. common 7. released 7. Cntil 7. b%sinessmen
3. yet 3. #n s&ite of 3. com&leted 3. beginning 3. soon 3. friendshi& 3. managed 3. view 3. &erformed 3. ecited 3. seen 3. 3y 3. owners
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. however . 4ven . left . initial . already . membershi& . reached . regard . began . &o&%lar . advertised . To . &%blishers
1. 1*.
7. enlarged 7. went
3. grew 3. &%t
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247 ARE YOU THE PERSON YOU) LI#E TO BE%
ave ave yo yo% % ever ever regr regret ette ted d do doin ing g so some meth thin ing g yo yo% % sh sho% o%ld ldn: n:tt have have do done ne or something yo% didn:t do which yo% sho%ld have< 7t one time or another we &robably all have. There:s There:s no (1) _______ _______ in getting de&ressed de&ressed abo%t it now / it:sL it:sL no (2) _______ crying over s&ilt mil". owever, there may be some ($) _______ in thin"ing abo%t eactly what ha&&ened and why beca%se we might be able to () _______ _______ some concl%sions concl%sions for for the f%t%re. f%t%re. 8ne thing we all do now and again is to lose o%r (*) _______ with a friend or close (-) _______. The odd thing is that we more often dis&lay great anger () _______ _______ someone were (0) _______ _______ of than towards strangers. The e&lanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a "ind of safety net, an o&&ort%nity to let off a bit of steam in a safe () _______, whereas the (16) _______ _______ of ins%lting a stranger or a (11) _______ at wor" co%ld be far more serio%s. 3eing honest is %s%ally (12) _______ of as a virt%e and %ndo%btedly this is the (1$) _______. 8n the other hand, we have all e&erienced occasions when we have s&o"en o%r minds to someone, (1) _______ them eactly what we feel, and then then have have fo%n fo%nd d o% o%rs rselv elves es (1*) (1*) ___ _____ ____ __ with with feelin feelings gs of g% g%ilt ilt and remors remorse. e. ?erha&s we sho%ld have "e&t o%r mo%ths sh%t< 1. 2. $. . *. -. . 0. . 16. 11. 12.
7. reason 7. &oint 7. gain 7. ma"e 7. anger 7. relative 7. at 7. "een 7. circle 7. effect 7. colleag%e 7. believed
3. &%r&ose 3. %se 3. &rofit 3. draw 3. mind 3. member 3. with 3. fond 3. area 3. concl%sion 3. mate 3. considered
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. advantage . benefit . worth . ta"e . head . relationshi& . towards . familiar . environment . &%nishment . staff . tho%ght
