st 21
Century Philippine Literature from the Regions
L I T E R AT U R E
– an enduring expression of
significant human experiences in words well-chosen and arranged. - perfect melting pot of the different disciplines such as history, science, values, and the languages.
Philippine Precolonial Literature Oral Literature
Stories
were
passed
down
from
one
generation to another.
Many tales were not preserved and have vanished from local knowledge.
Proverb
salawikain
practical observations and philosophy of everyday life
written usually in a rhyming scheme
aims to entertain while teaching basic skills in surviving local life
Examples:
The broom is sturdy because its strands are tightly bound. Matibay ang walis, palibhasa’y magkabigkis.
While the blanket is short, learn how to bend. Hangga’t makitid ang kumot, matutong mamaluktot.
If you persevere, you will reap the fruits of your labor. Kapag may tiyaga, may nilaga.
There is no need to cry over spilt milk. Magsisi ka man at huli, wala nang mangyayari.
Riddle
bugtong
rhyming couplets
used to test the wits of those who are listening to it
topics are usually parts of human body, household tools and utensils, familiar flora and fauna, and many others.
Folk Song
short poem intended to be sung
beautiful song that is an informal expression of our ancestors’ experiences in life
ranges from courtship, to lullabies, harvests, funerals, and others
expresses love, grief, despair, joy, doubt, hope and
sorrow
Tales
stories of the origin for certain places, their names, and their creation
usually used to explain certain events or phenomena
MYTH – story about superhuman beings and their adventures
LEGEND – story explaining the origin of things and
world phenomenon
Epic
long-winded poems about a hero and his adventures and misadventures
usually tells a male hero who is born with pleasing qualities that ancestors like in a person
male hero has supernatural capabilities
male hero is paired with a beautiful young maiden, whom he will fall in love and will usually have to go to battle for
The Hinilawod
HINILAWOD: FAMILY TREE Suklang Malayon
ALUNSINA
DATU PAUBARI
Labaw Donggon
Angoy Ginbitinan
Abyang Durunuun
Humadapnon
Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata
Abyang Baranugon
Dumasig
Lubay Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan
Sumpoy
Aso Mangga
Dumalapdap
Buyong Matanayon
Daughter of Datu Umbaw Paumbaw (Unnamed)
Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan
Husband/Wife
Friend/Helper
Son/Daughter
Sister/Brother
LABAW DONGGON’S ADVENTURES He went to Handug where a beautiful maiden named Angoy Ginbitinan lived. He asked for the maiden’s hand in marriage. The father asked him to fight the monster MANALINTAD as part of his dowry. Through the help of his magic belt, he succeeded. To prove this, he brought the monster’s tail.
LABAW DONGGON’S ADVENTURES The moment he arrived home, Labaw Donggon told his mother to take care of his wife. Before he gets to Tarambang Burok, he has to pass to a ridge guarded by a giant named SIKAY PADALOGDOG who has hundred arms Sikay Padalogdog was no match to Labaw Donggon’s prowess and skill in fighting so he gave up and allowed him to continue. He won another maiden’s hand.
LABAW DONGGON’S ADVENTURES He went to another journey in Gadlum. He aims to ask for the hand of Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata who is a the young bride of SARAGNAYAN, the lord of darkness. They engaged into a duel. Labaw Donggon submerged Saragnayan under water for seven years. Labaw Donggon was imprisoned beneath his house.
What are the typical elements in an epic that are present in The Hinilawod?
How is the Filipino value of familyorientedness presented in the story?
Spanish Precolonial Philippine Literature
Forms of literature
It is a legendary religious narrative that usually details the lives of saints or the history of a tradition.
Corridos were widely read during the Spanish period
that filled the populace's need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments.
These have measures of eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat.
Corrido
It is a chivalric poem about a hero, usually about a saint.
It is also usually sung and used in religious processions.
Like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time.
It is also a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the setting may be European.
The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains.
Awit
Best-known
and most entertaining forms of secular literature during this period.
They
were the Philippine versions of the European metrical tale or medieval romance.
Filipino writers notably Francisco Balagtas and Jose
dela Cruz and several other writers came up with awit and corrido, which are long chivalric-heroiclegendary-religious poems verse tales dealing with the loves and adventures of European nobility especially those of France and Spain.
Awit & Corrido
These
are said to be written in several
Philippine dialects although the Tagalogs seem to have written the greatest number.
Awit and corrido are not epics.
Awit & Corrido
The
most famous and most lasting religious
literature A
rendering in the vernacular of the life and
Passion of Christ, in stanzas of five rhyming lines. Often memorized,
it is chanted throughout most
of the Holy Week in shifts of three to four hours each. Thus chanted, it is called Pabasa.
Pasyon
It is the best-loved drama
It is staged during the entire Holy Week
It is actually the pasyon dramatized.
Octosyllabic, 8 verses in a stanza
Takes about 3 nights of staging
Kinds Hablada – the lines are spoken in a more deliberate - manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse Cantada – chanted like the pasyon
Cenaculo
Also known as Comedia de Capa y Espada, Moro-Moro is a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the conflict of Christians and Muslims.
It is usually about battles to the death and the proofs of faith.
A love angle is included in the plot with the lovers invariably coming from the opposite camps of Christian and Muslim.
It ends with the conversion of the principal characters and their people, to Christianity.
Moro-Moro
It is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. It
is like a puppet show with stories similar to metrical romance.
This is created by animating figures made from cardboard, which are projected onto a white screen.
A
form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
Dialogues are from the corridor or awit or other religious
plays.
Carillo
It is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross.
St. Helena - mother of Constantine
- oftentimes credited to have influenced her son to be the great Christian leader he is known for today. - also well-known to have traveled to Syria to look for the relics of Jesus Christ’s cross, the one that was used in his crucifixion. It is widely believed that she found it in the same country.
Tibag
In modern times, the Tibag has been reduced to this triumphant end, the Santacruzan, in which the “true cross” is carried in the procession.
With
the Flores de Mayo, these two festive processions culminate the may months in many Filipino towns.
Tibag
These
are native dramas that are connected to
Catholic
mourning
rituals
and
harvest
celebrations. A
game which serves as a poetic vehicle of a
socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person.
Duplo o Karagatan
It
is one of the most famous forms of
entertainment in the Spanish era. Zarzuelas
are musical comedies or melodramas
that deal with elemental passions of human beings. It
follows a certain plot, which shows either a
satirical look at society or a begrudged life.
Zarzuela
These
kinds of Spanish colonial literature show
how welcoming Filipino ancestors were to
Catholic faith. They
also helped shape the literature that we
have today, not only in terms of faith, but also in terms of values system, societal norms, and realizations about life.
As retold by Gat. Jose Rizal in Northern Luzon
LESSON #1 Always be willing to lend a helping hand.
LESSON #2 Some blessings in life are disguised in difficulties.
LESSON #3 Appreciate one’s efforts in making you feel valued.
INTRODUCTION TO POETRY
POETRY -
is a patterned form of verbal or written
expression
of
ideas
in
concentrated,
imaginative and rhythmical terms that often contain elements of sense, sound and structure.
POETRY is
considered as the oldest literary form.
has implied meaning/s which is/are evoked in carefully selected words.
often considered as the most difficult and most sophisticated of all literary genres.
compared to other literary forms, it is more musical than the others.
ELEMENTS OF POETRY Sense of the Poem Sound of a Poem
Structure of a Poem
SENSE OF THE POEM 1.
Diction -denotative and connotative meanings/ symbols
Denotation - dictionary meaning of the word.
Connotation - suggested or implied meaning associated with a word beyond its dictionary definition
SENSE OF THE POEM 2.
Imagery
-
otherwise known as “sense of the mind”.
-
use of sensory details or descriptions that
appeal to one or more of the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell.
SENSE OF THE POEM 3.
Figures of Speech
These are specific devices or a kind of figurative language that uses words, phrases, and sentences
in a non-literal definition but, rather gives meanings in abstractions.
SOUND OF A POEM 1.
Tone Color
It is achieved through repetition. a. Repetition of Single Sounds • Alliteration • Assonance • Consonance
• Rhyme
SOUND OF A POEM A l l i t e r a t i o n - is the repetition of similar and
accented sounds at the beginning of words EXAMPLE: The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silence sea.” - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
SOUND OF A POEM A s s o n a n c e - is the repetition of similar
accented vowel sounds EXAMPLE:
Thou still unravished bride of quietness. Thou foster child of silence and slow time. - Ode on a Grecian Urn
SOUND OF A POEM C o n s o n a n c e - is the repetition of similar consonant sound typically within or at the end
of words EXAMPLE: “Out of this house” – said rider to reader “Yours never will” – said farer to fearer “They’re looking for your” – said hearer to horror, - O Where Are You Going?
SOUND OF A POEM Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.
Example: I think that I shall never see A poem as lovely as a tree - Trees
SOUND OF A POEM TYPES OF RHYME Internal Rhyme
- rhyme within the line Te r m i n a l R h y m e
- rhyme at the end of the line
SOUND OF A POEM Rhyme Scheme - pattern of rhyme form that ends a stanza or a poem.
- is designated by the assignment of a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme
SOUND OF A POEM Example:
Helen, thy beauty is to me
a
Like those Nicean barks of yore
b
That gently, o’er a perfumed sea,
a
The weary, way-worn wander bore
b
To his own native shore
b
- To Helen
SOUND OF A POEM 1.
Tone Color
b. Repetition of Words
Example:
My dreams are dreams of thee, fair maid. - Rural Maid
SOUND OF A POEM 1.
Tone Color
c. Repetition of Sentences or Phrases Example:
I dream that one day our voices will be heard I dream that one day our hopes become worth - Paraiso
SOUND OF A POEM 2.
Rhythm
-pattern
of beats created by the arrangement of
stressed and unstressed syllables
-The
effect is derived from the sounds employed,
the varying pitches, stresses, volumes and durations.
STRUCTURE OF A POEM S T R U C T U R E is the manner in which words are arranged and parts are organized to form a whole poem.
STRUCTURE OF A POEM 1.
Word and its Order – grouping of words and choosing of words and verses where more often, poets arrange them in the unnatural order to achieve an effect
2.
Syntax – is an effect achieved where words are fractured to have a desired effect
3.
Ellipsis – is the omission of words or several words that clearly identify the understanding of an expression
4.
Punctuation – is the use of meaningful symbols that help provide meaning clues
STRUCTURE OF A POEM STRUCTURE also refers to the way the poem
is
organized.
This
correspond to the different types.
would
Types of Poetry N a r r a t i ve Po e m
- poem that tells a story Ly r i c Po e m
- poet is concerned mainly with presenting a scene in words, conveying sensory richness of his subject or the revelation of ideas or emotions D r a m a t i c Po e m
- poem where a story is told through the verse dialogue of the character and a narrator
Poem Appreciation -
achieved only when one has comprehended the
plain sense or information communicated by the poem; -
also if the attitude and feeling conveyed are captured, and with it the larger meaning of the work which is only possible when the tone and symbolic meaning are discerned.
Tone
writer’s attitude toward his subject and mood and moral view
feeling that the poem has created in the reader
emotional coloring of the work which is indicated by the inflection of the speaker’s voice
Symbol
image that becomes so suggestive that it takes on much more meaning than its descriptive value
considered the richest and the most difficult of all the poetic figures.
GABU By Carlos Angeles
CARLOS ANGELES Born on May 25, 1921 in Tacloban City, Leyte, the poet Carlos A. Angeles graduated from Rizal High 1938 and went on to study at various universities, first in pre-medicine and next pre-law. He had one semester at Ateneo de Manila, two at UP in 1941 (where he became a member of the UP Writers' Club), and one quarter at Central Luzon Colleges. He did not return to school after World War II, but he led an impressive career as chief of the Philippine bureau of International News Service from 1950 to 1958, guest of the US State Department on a Smith-Mundt leader grant, press assistant under the Garcia administration, and public relations manager of PanAm Airlines from 1958 to 1980. He also served in the board of directors of International PEN, Philippine chapter.
CARLOS ANGELES In 1964, the same year that poetry was first considered in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, Angeles' collection of poems, A Stun of Jewels(Manila: Alberto S. Florentino, 1963), received first prize in the prestigious contest. Comprised of 47 poems and dedicated to Angeles' wife, A Stun of Jewelsalso won the Republic Cultural Heritage Award for Literature. Angeles has been living in the USA since 1978. Married to Concepcion Reynoso, he has seven children and 18 grandchildren, all residing in the States.
GABU
by Carlos Angeles The battering restlessness of the sea Insists a tidal fury upon the beach At Gabu, and its pure consistency Havocs the wasteland hard within its reach. Brutal the daylong bashing of its heart Against the seascape where, for miles around,
Farther than sight itself, the rock-stones part And drop into the elemental wound.
The waste of centuries is grey and dead And neutral where the sea has beached its brine,
Where the split salt of its heart lies spread Among the dark habiliments of Time.
The vital splendor misses. For here At Gabu where the ageless tide recurs All things forfeited are most loved and dear. It is the sea pursues a habit of shores.
Where is Gabu?
Gabu, Philippines
Oh How to Find Silence in the World by Cirilo Bautista
CIRILO BAUTISTA
Cirilo F. Bautista (born 1941) is a multiawarded writer with exceptional achievements and significant contributions to the development of the Philippines’ literary arts.
Months before President Benigno Aquino 3rd announced the 17th batch of National Artists, word already gone around on the conferment of one multi-awarded Filipino writer by the name Cirilo Bautista.
CIRILO BAUTISTA
When the official proclamation was made on June 20, it came as no surprise that the 73year-old was named National Artist for Literature.
Having published 18 books written in different forms of poetry, anthology, epic, and fiction, Bautista displays mastery in his craft as he easily shifts from English and Tagalog in his writings.
O H H OW TO F IND S ILENCE IN THE W ORLD B Y : C IRILO B AUTISTA Being spotted in the color of skin, why I take care in San Francisco, waiting for the bus to Iowa. They say racial prejudice is strong, Negros and not whites kawawa, and because of this they will revolt. I shiver and shiver from fear and hunger because I just landed from Tokyo.
A Negro came into the station— naka-African hairdo; he holds a small whip: it’s scary to look, so I did not look at him. Kumakalansing
the metal on the strings of his shoes and he shouts, “Peace, brothers!” Smiled showing white teeth. Looked at me— maybe he laughed at what he saw—
a tiny dayuhan, dark and from some lupalog. Upside down my insides went in fright and pulled a cigarette so the redness of my face
wouldn’t show. I nahalata that the Whites there too were quiet so quiet, unable to speak in front of that Negro. Only when he left returned
the normalcy in the station—others read again, neighbors gossiped again, laughter, the janitor sweeped again. After a while that Negro passed again
two white Americanas on each arm, blonde, their beauty with no equal. The janitor stopped sweeping. I thought, “So this is racial prejudice.”
Kung Paano Matatamo ang Katahimikan sa Mundo by Cirilo Bautista
K UNG PAANO M ATATAMO ANG K ATAHIMIKAN SA M UNDO
B Y : C IRILO B AUTISTA Nakikilala sa kulay ng balat, ‘ika nga, kaya sa San Francisco’y maingat ako habang naghihintay ng bus patungong Iowa. Malakas daw ang racial prejudice, sabi nila, kawawa ang mga Negro at mga di puti, malapit na raw magrebolusyon dahil dito. Ngatog na ngatog ako sa takot at gutom dahil kalalapag ko lang buhat sa Tokyo.
Pumasok ang isang Negro sa istasyon— naka-African hairdo, may hawak na munting latigo: nakatatakot tumingin, kaya di ko siya tinignan. Kumakalansing ang pilak na borlas ng kanyang sapatos at sigaw niya, “Peace, brothers!” Ngumiting litaw ang mapuputing ngipin. Tinignan ako— siguro’y natawa siya sa kanyang natanaw—
isang dayuhang maliit, maitim na kung saang lupalog nanggaling. Bumaligtad ang aking bituka sa takot at dumukot ako ng sigarilyo para di malantad
ang pamumula ng aking mukha. Nahalata kong pati ang mga Puting naroo’y tahimik na tahimik, di makaimik sa harapan ng Negrong iyon. Pagkaalis lang niya nagbalik
ang normalcy sa loob ng istasyon—nagbasang muli ang iba, tsismisang muli ang mga miron, tawanan, ang dyanitor ay muling nagwalis. Maya-maya’y nagdaang muli ang Negrong iyon
kaakbay ang dalawang Amerikanang puti, blonde, at sa kagandaha’y walang kaparis. Napatigil ang dyanitor sa pagwawalis. Naisip ko, ‘Ganito pala ang racial prejudice.”
