1.9L Opel Manual Transmission, Clutches, and Shift Linkages

7.>I JG@VGI SUG@_JN__NM@_, OIVSOAF_, G@C _ANHS IN@KGBF_

N@CFQ 7.>I MTFI JG@VGI SUG@_JN__NM@_, SUG@_JN__NM@_, OIVSOAF_, G@C _ANHS IN@KGBF_ Tgbf SUG@_JN__NM@ V_FC RNSA 7.> INSFU F@BN@F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

_yòarm`nzn`b Jfoag`nsj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? _yòarm`nzn`b _yòarm`nzn`b Mpfrgm` Mpfrgm` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tmwfr Himw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.> Intfr F`bn`f F`bn`f Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` Ufjmvgi Ufjmvgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Srg`sjnssnm` Cnsgssfjeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` Ufgssfjeiy Ufgssfjeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Ufjmvn`b g`c g`c N`stgiin`b N`stgiin`b _pffcm Crnvf` Bfgr Bfgr (Rnta Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` Ufjmvfc) Ufjmvfc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?2 Ufpigon`b Ufpigon`b Eusan`b n` _fifotmr _fifotmr Ifvfr (Srg`sjnssnm` (Srg`sjnssnm` g`c Bfgrsan Bfgrsan In`kgbf In`kgbf Ufjmvfc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?1 Gclus`b Ufvfrsf Bfgrsan Eimokfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?1 N`stgiigm` N`stgiigm` mh Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` Rnta F`bn`f F`bn`f n` Ogr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?> _an Ifvfr N`stgiigm N`stgiigm` ` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Cnsgssfjein`b Cnsgssfjein`b g`c Gssfjein`b Gssfjein`b Bfgrsan Bfgrsan Ifvfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 CF_OUNTSNM@ G@C MTFUGSNM@ MH OIVSOA V_FC RNSA 7.> INSFU F@BN@F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

7.> Intfr F`bn`f F`bn`f Oiutoa Ufjmvgi Ufjmvgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3? N`spfom` N`spfom` mh Oiutoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 N`stgiigm` mh Oiutoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 N`stgiigm` N`stgiigm` mh Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` Rnta F`bn`f F`bn`f N` Ogr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 _an Ifvfr N`stgiigm N`stgiigm` ` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Oiutoa Igsa Gclustjf`t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Oiutoa Om`trmi Om`trmi Ogeif Ufjmvgi Ufjmvgi g`c g`c N`stgiigm` N`stgiigm` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6? Oiutoa Om`trmi Om`trmi Ogeif Gclustjf`t Gclustjf`t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6? 7.> Intfr F`bn`f Srg`sjnssnm` Srg`sjnssnm` _pfongi _pfongi Smmis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7.> Intfr F`bn`f F`bn`f Oiutoa Srmueif Srmueif Cngb`msns Cngb`msns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

SUG@_JN__NM@ V_FC RNSA 7.> INSFU F@BN@F

Saf Mpfi jgùgi trg`sjnssnm` wnta taf 7.>_ V._. f`bn`f ns mfrfc n` taf 7>8> Mpfi Kgcf, taf Mpfi Ugiiyf, g`c taf `fw Mpfi BS. Sans jgùgi trg`sjnssnm` ns g huiiy syòarm`nzfc hmur -spffc trg`sjnssnm` n` wanoa gii hmrwgrc spffcs nòiucn`b taf rst spffc g rf syòarm`nzfc. Rnta tans trg`sjnssnm` taf oiutoa (efii) amusn`b ns sfpgrgtf hrmj taf ogst nrm` jgn` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf g`c ns sfourfc tm taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf ey (3) emits. G ogst giujnùj trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b wanoa ns sg`cwnoafc eftwff` taf rfgr pmrm` mh taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf g`c taf h rm`t tmrquf tuef gism amusfs taf rfgr trg`sjnssnm` mni sfgi. Saf rfgr trg`sjnssnm` ggoajf`t tm taf emcy imogtfc m` taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf f xtf`snm` amusn`b gism sfrvfs gs taf rfgr f`bn`f jmu`t. Saf syòarm`nzn`b jfoag`nsj ns egsfc m` hmur syòarm`nzn`b oiutoafs wanoa fquginzf taf spffc mh taf bfgrs tm ef f`bgbfc. G imokn`b cfvnof prfvf`ts f`bgbfjf`t mh spffcs u`i syòarm`nzgm` ags tgkf` pigof, taus jgkn`b sann`b `mnsfs g`c oigsan`b bfgrs n jpmssneif. _ann`b ns goomjpinsafc ey g mmr jmu`tfc bfgr san ifvfr wnta fxtfr`gi in`kgbf om``fotfc tm g sfifotmr sag wanoa ns jmu`tfc wntan` taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf.

_^@OAUM@N\N@B JFOAG@N_J

Saf wamif syòarm`nzn`b jfoag`nsj ns n`stgiifc m` taf jgn`sag g`c taf jgn` crnvf bfgr. Hnrst, sfom`c, tanrc, g`c hmurta spffc grf gii syòarm`nzfc ey syòarm`nzn`b oiutoafs, wanoa got gs hrnom` oiutoafs. F goa mh taf bfgrs tm ef syòarm`nzfc – jgn` crnvf bfgr, sfom`c spffc bfgr, tanrc spffc bfgr, g`c n` tans fxgjpif, taf rst spffc bfgr (8, Hnb. 5) – ags g om`f surhgof (2, Hnb. 5).

Mìy taf buncf u`nt (>, Hnb. 5) g`c g snjnigr oiutoa aue, taf bfgr ogrrnfr, grf batiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag, wanif taf jgn` crnvf bfgr, 7st, 5`c, g`c ?rc spffc jgn`sag bfgrs, og` rfvmivf m` taf jgn`sag. Sarff samfs (74, Hnb. 5) sincf n` simts mh taf buncf u`nt (>, Hnb. 5), g`c tafsf samfs grf sprn`b -imgcfc ey twm syòarm`nzfr sprn`bs; m`f mh wanoa ns samw` n` Hnburf ?.

Eftwff` taf buncf u`nt g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr g syòarm`nzfr omvfr (1, Hnb. 5) ns n`stgiifc wanoa, tmbftafr wnta taf om`f surhgof, gots gs g hrnom` oiutoa.

Saf syòarm`nzfr omvfr (?, Hnb. 3) ags tarff simts (6, Hnb. 3) n` wanoa taf samfs (3, Hnb. 3) f`bgbf, g`c ns tafrfey jmvfc gim`b wnta taf buncf u`nt (7, Hnb. 3). Saf simts n` taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr grf wncfr tag` taf kfys, sm tagt taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr og` rmtgtf g sjgii gjmu`t rfigvf tm taf buncf u`nt.

Saf n`tfr`giiy spin`fc jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr (7, Hnb. 5), wanoa gism sfrvfs gs g oiutoa siffvf, sincfs gim`b taf fxtfr`gi spin`fs mh taf buncf u`nt (>, Hnb. 5). Saf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr

oiutoa siffvf spin`fs grf rfofssfc tm hmrj g sagiimw g`ùigr brmmvf (5, Hnb. 5) n` wanoa rfst taf rgnsfc pmrm` mh taf samfs (74, Hnb. 5), waf` n` `futrgi pmsnm`. Fgoa spin`f mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr oiutoa siffvf g`c fgoa tmmta mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr ags m` emta sncfs g wfcbf g`bif (? & 3, Hnb. 5). Sarmuba taf prfssurf mh tafsf wfcbf g`bifs, taf f`bgbfjf`t mh taf bfgrs n s prfvf`tfc u`i taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr (6, Hnb. 5) ags ermubat taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr (8, Hnb. 5) tm taf spffc mh taf buncf u`nt (>, Hnb. 5).

_^@OAUM@N\N@B MTFUGSNM@ Raf` sann`b n`tm 7st spffc, taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr (6, Hnb. 6) ns jmvfc tmwgrc taf 7st spffc bfgr. Gs taf tarff samfs (3, Hnb. 6) grf sprn`b -imgcfc, tafy grf jmvfc gim`b gt rst u`i tafy om`tgot taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr (?, Hnb. 6) wanoa ns gism jmvfc tmwgrc taf 7st spffc bfgr (5, Hnb. 6 ). Saf syòarm`nzfr omvfr prfssn`b gbgn`st taf 7st spffc bfgr om`f ogusfs hrnom` g`c stgrts pr f syòarm`nzgm`. Saf hrnom` n`stg`tiy ogusfs taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr tm tur` n` rfigm` tm

taf buncf u`nt tm taf gjmu`t mh taf oifgrgòf eftwff` taf samfs g`c taf sncfs mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr simts (_ff Hnburf 8). Sans sjgii tur`n`b gom` mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr rfigvf tm taf buncf u`nt ogusfs taf wfcbf g`bifs (?, Hnb. 5) mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr tm prfss gbgn`st taf wfcbf g`bifs (3, Hnb. 5) mh taf sy` oarm`nzfr omvfr.

Sarmuba taf jmvfjf`t mh taf 7st & 5 `c spffc bfgr tm taf pmn`t wafrf taf wfcbf g`bif om`tgot ns jgcf, taf samfs grf prfssfc mut mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr g`ùigr brmmvf, g`c taf gom` mh prf -syòarm`nzgm` ey jfg`s mh taf samfs ns f`cfc. Saf `fofssgry gccnm`gi prfssurf hmr taf hrnom` oiutoa ns `mw cnrfotiy gppinfc ey taf prfssurf mh taf wfcbf g`bifs mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr m`tm taf wfcbf g`bifs mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr. Saf prfssurf ogusfc ey tans hrnom`

prfvf`ts g hurtafr f`bgbfjf`t mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr, gs taf wfcbf g`bifs mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr imok taf wfcbf g`bif s mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr.

Mìy waf` taf hrnom` mh taf syòarm`nzn`b oiutoa ags fquginzfc taf spffcs mh taf 7 st spffc bfgr g`c taf buncf u`nt – syòarm`nzgm` – hrnom` g`c prfssurf m` taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr wfcbf g`bifs grf rfinfvfc.

Saf wfcbf g`bifs mh taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr `mw og` pusa gsncf taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr wfcbf g`bifs tm bnvf taf wgy hrff hmr taf 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr spin`fs tm f`bgbf taf 7st spffc bfgr tffta. (sff Hnburf 2). Saf samfs grf `mw gbgn` imogtfc n` taf jnccif mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr simts. Goomrcn`b tm taf rfigvf spffcs mh taf rmtg`b buncf u`nt g`c taf bfgr tm ef syòarm`nzfc fntafr taf rnbat mr taf if wfcbf g`bifs mh taf buncf u`nt gppiy prfssurf m`tm taf rnbat mr if wfcbf g`bifs mh taf syòarm`nzfr omvfr .

HMU NIIV_SUGSFC _FWVF@OF MH _^@OAUM@N\N@B MTFUGSNM@_ UFHFU SM SAF HMIIMRN@B TGBF_.

7st _pffc

(_ff Hnburf >)

Tmwfr Himw< Jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS)

– Oiustfrbfgr crnvf bfgr

Oiustfrbfgr 7st spffc bfgr

– Jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr

Jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr

– Jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr

Jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr

– Buncf u`nt

Buncf u`nt

– Jgn`sag (MVSTVS)

Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr2. taf jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr sans tm taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` g`c imoks taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr tm taf n`gn`sag tarmuba taf buncf u`nt. Sans buncf u`nt (`mw pgrgiiy vnsneif) ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fot tm taf jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf

jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr g`c taf jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g 7st spffc bfgr rgm mh ?.182<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` ?.182 rfvmium`s hmr fv fry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

5`c _pffc

(_ff Hnburf 74)



Oiustfrbfgr 5`c spffc bfgr

– Jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr

Jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr



– Buncf u`nt

Buncf u`nt


Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr, taf jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr sans hmrwgrc g`c imoks taf jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf buncf u`nt. Sans buncf u`nt (`mw pgrgiiy vnsneif) ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn` - sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc mr n` jfsa wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g 5`c spffc bfgr rgm mh 5.576<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 5.576 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

?rc _pffc

(_ff Hnburf 77)

Tmwfr Himw<


Jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS)

– Jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr

Oiustfrbfgr ?rc spffc bfgr

– Jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc bfgr

Jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr

– Bfgr ogrrnfr

Jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc bfgr


Bfgr ogrrnfr

Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr, taf jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf sans rfgrwgrc g`c imoks taf jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf bfgr ogrrnfr. Sans ogrrnfr (`mw pgrgiiy vnsneif) ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc mr n` jfsa jfsa wnta g`y bfgr, g `c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g ?rc spffc bfgr rgm mh 7.3?5<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 7.3?5 rfvmium`s hmr fv fry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

3ta _pffc

(_ff Hnburf 75)


– Jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf

Jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf

– Bfgr ogrrnfr

Bfgr ogrrnfr


Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn` crnvf bfgr g`c taf jgn`sag, taf jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf sans hmrwgrc g`c imoks taf jgn` crnvf bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf bfgr ogrrnfr. Sans ogrrnfr (`mw pgrgiiy vnsneif) ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag ?rc & 3ta spffc oiutoa siffvf g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Saf jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr, jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr, g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr grf gii nci n`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt

f`bgbfc mr n` jfsa wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g 3ta spffc bfgr rgm mh 7<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 7.444 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

Ufvfrsf _pffc

(_ff Hnburf 7?)



Oiustfrbfgr rfvfrsf bfgr

– Ufvfrsf ncifr bfgr

Ufvfrsf ncifr bfgr



– Buncf u`nt

Buncf u`nt


Sarmuba taf f`bgbfjf`t mh taf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr wnta taf jgn`sag 7 st & 5`c spffc bfgr g `c taf oiustfrbfgr rfvfrsf bfgr, ta f crnvf ns erncbfc eftwff` taf oiustfrbfgr g`c taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf buncf u`nt. Saf cnrfom` mh taf jgn`sag ns rfvfrsfc . Saf buncf u`nt (`mt vnsneif) ns imogtfc eftwff` taf jgn`sag 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr g`c taf jgn`sag. Sans buncf u`nt ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag 7st & 5`c bfgr, g`c nt ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Saf jgn`sag ?rc spffc bfgr, jgn`sag 5`c spffc bfgr, g`c taf jgn`sag 7st spffc bfgr grf gii ncin`b. Rnta g rfvfrsf spffc bfgr rgm mh –?.>44<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` ?.>44 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS). Saf A22 snb` n`cnogtfs tagt taf cnrfo m` mh rmtgm` mh taf jgn`sag ns mppmsntf tm tagt mh taf jgn` crnvf b fgr.

Bfgr Ugms

7st spffc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?.351 5`c spffc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.768 ?rc spffc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.?88 3ta spffc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.444 Ufvfrsf _pffc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-?.?72

TM_NSNM@_ MH BFGU_ @futrgi Tmsnm`

Saf omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt g`c taf jgn`sag 7st, 5`c, g`c ?rc spffc bfgrs grf gii ncin`b n` `futrgi pmsnm`. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc mr n` jfsa wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. 7st _pffc


– Omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt crnvf bfgr

Omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt

– 7st spffc bfgr 7st spffc bfgr

7st spffc bfgr

– 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr

7st & 5`c bfgr

– 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b sincn`b bfgr bfgr buncf u`nt

7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b

– Jgn`sag (MVSTVS) bfgr buncf u`nt

Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf 7st spffc bfgr, taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr sans tm taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` g`c imoks taf 7st spffc bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt. Sans 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf ?rc spffc bfgr g`c taf 5`c spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif.

Rnta g 7st spffc bfgr rgm mh ?.351<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (n`put) just tur` ?.351 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn` sag (mutput).

5`c _pffc.




– 5`c spffc bfgr 5`c spffc bfgr

5`c spffc bfgr


7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b

– 7st &5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr bfgr buncf u`nt



Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf 5`c spffc bfgr, taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr sans tmwgrc taf hrm`t mh taf trg`sjnssnm` g`c imoks taf 5`c spffc bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt. Sans 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf ?rc spffc bfgr g`c taf 7st spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g 5`c spffc bfgr rgm mh 5.768<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 5.768 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

?rc _pffc


– Omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt bfgr crnvf


– ?rc spffc bfgr ?rc spffc bfgr

?rc spffc bfgr

– Bfgr sanfr siffvf

Bfgr sanfr siffvf

– Bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr


– Jgn` sag (MVSTVS) ogrrnfr

Gfr syòarm`nzn`b taf spffcs mh taf jgn`sag g`c taf ?rc spffc bfgr, taf bfgr sanfr siffvf sans tm taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` g`c imoks taf ?rc spffc bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr. Sans bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf bfgr sanfr siffvf g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Emta taf 7st spffc bfgr g`c taf 5`c spffc bfgr grf ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g ?rc spffc bfgr rgm mh 7.?88<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 7.?88 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

3ta _pffc


– Bfgr sanfr siffvf


– Bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr


– Jgn` sag (MVSTVS) ogrrnfr

Gfr syòarm`nzn`b spffcs mh taf jgn` crnvf bfgr g`c jgn`sag, taf bfgr sanfr siffvf sans hmrwgrc g`c imoks taf jgn` crnvf bfgr tm taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr. Sans ogrrnfr ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf bfgr sanfr siffvf g`c ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Saf ?rc spffc bfgr, 5`c spffc bfgr, g`c taf 7st spffc bfgr grf gii ncin`b. Saf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns `mt f`bgbfc wnta g`y bfgr, g`c tafrfhmrf, nt ns ncif. Rnta g 3ta spffc bfgr rgm mh 7.444<7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` 7.444 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS).

Ufvfrsf _pffc




– Ufvfrsf ncifr bfgr rfvfrsf spffc bfgr

Ufvfrsf ncifr bfgr


7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b

– 7st & 5`c spffc bfgr sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt



Sarmuba taf f`bgbfjf`t mh taf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr wnta taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr (jgn`sag) g`c taf omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt rfvfrsf spffc bfgr, taf crnvf ns erncbfc eftwff` taf omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt g`c taf jgn`sag tarmuba taf buncf u`nt. Saf cnrfom` mh taf jgn`sag ns rfvfrsfc. Saf buncf u`nt ns imogtfc eftwff` taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr g`c taf jgn`

- sag. Saf buncf u`nt ns n`tfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr, g`c nt ns fxtfr`giiy spin`fc tm taf jgn`sag. Saf ?rc spffc bfgr, 5`c spffc bfgr, g`c taf 7st spffc bfgr grf gii ncin`b. Rnta g rfvfrsf spffc bfgr rgm mh –?.?72< 7, taf jgn` crnvf bfgr (N@TVS) just tur` ?.?72 rfvmium`s hmr fvfry 7 rfvmium` mh taf jgn`sag (MVSTVS). Saf ’–’ snb` n`cnogtfs tagt taf cnrfom` mh rmtgm` mh taf jgn`sag ns mppmsntf tm tagt mh taf jgn` crnvf bfgr.

7.> INSFU F@BN@F SUG@_JN__NM@ SUG@_JN__NM@ UFJMXGI

g. Ufjmvgi mh Srg`sjnssnm` wnta F`bn`f n` Ogr

7. Ufjmvf gnr oifg`fr. Ufjmvf tarmif rmc h rmj ogreurftmr g`c rfgr suppmrt. (_ff Hnb. 25 -7).

5. _an ifvfr rfjmvgi rfqunrfs tagt taf trg`sjnssnm` ef pigofc n`tm @futrgi. g. Ufjmvf tarff (?) bfgr san mr`gjf`t omvfr pigtf sorfws. e. Tuii rueefr emmt m` bfgr san ifvfr upwgrc g`c uàmmk sprn`b g`c rfjmvf san `bfr emit. o. Ufjmvf bfgr san ifvfr hrmj san amusn`b.

?. _uppmrt ogr wnta hrgjf mr waffi stg`cs n` taf hrm`t mr hrgjf stg`cs n` taf rfgr.

3. Immsf` hrm`t fxagust pnpf tm jg`nhmic g`bf.

6. Ufjmvf oiutoa ogeif hrmj hmrk ey pusan`b hmrk tm cnsf`bgbf taf oiutoa g`c u`s`gp ogeif hrmj simt.

8. Cnsom``fot emta wnrfs hrmj egokup igjp swntoa.

2. Cnsom``fot spffcmjftfr ogeif hrmj trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b.

1. Vàmmk pgrkn`b ergkf ogeif rftur` sprn`b g`c ùt, fquginzfr, g`c spgofr. (_ff Hnb. 25 -6).

>. Cnsom``fot crnvf sag gt of`trgi lmn`t g`c rfjmvf gs hmiimws< g. Ugnsf rfgr mh ogr g`c suppmrt m` lgok stg`cs gt rfgr lgok ergokfts. e. Cnsom``fot pgrkn`b ergkf ogeif fquginzfr hrm j rmc. o. Jgrk taf jg`b pgrts mh taf V - lmn`t lmn`t g`c taf crnvf pn`nm` fxtf`snm` sag g`bf. c. Immsf` emit imoks g`c rfjmvf emits mr ùts. f. Rmrk prmpfiifr sag sinbatiy hmrwgrc, imwfr rfgr f`c mh sag g`c sincf gssfjeiy rfgrwgrc. Ufjmvf tarust sprn`b. h. N`stgii g piub n` taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` tm prfvf`t imss mh iuernog`t.

74. Ufjmvf m`f (7) emit ggoan`b rfgr f`bn`f jmu`t (trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b) tm u`cfremcy, g`c immsf` mtafr emit.

77. Ufjmvf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf tm oiutoa amusn`b ggoan`b emits g`c rfjmvf trg`sjnssnm`.

SUG@_JN__NM@ CN_G__FJEI^ CN_G__FJEI^

@MSF< Jgn`tgn` taf rfspfovf pmsnm`s mh gii jg`b pgrts curn`b mvfragui.

g. Ufjmvn`b _anfr _ag

7. Ufjmvf omfr pn`s tagt sfourf fgoa f`c mh sanfr sag. (_ff H nburf 25 37).

5. Ufjmvf sanfr sag wnta wgsafr g`c sprn`b wgsafr gt fgoa f`c.

e. Ufjmvn`b _fifotmr Ifvfr

7. Rnta puòa, crnvf mut pn` sfourn`b sfifotmr ifvfr tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` emit. (_ff Hnburf 25 -37G).

5. Ufjmvf taf twm (5) emit s g`c sprn`b wgsafrs hrmj taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b wanoa sfourf sfifotmr ifvfr ergokft. (_ff Hnburf 25

-37G).

?. Ufjmvf sfifotmr ifvfr g`c ergokft.

@MSF< _fifotmr ifvfr wnii lust sinp m sfifotmr rn`b.

3. Ufjmvf imok ùt g `c sfifotmr rn`b.

6. Ufjmvf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` emit. (_ff Hnburf 25 -37G).

o. Ufjmvn`b Srg`sjnssnm` Ogsf Omvfr

7. Ufjmvf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf omvfr emits, omvfr g`c bgskft.

5. N`vfrt trg`sjnssnm` tm crgn` mni.

c. Ufjmvn`b Omu`tfrbfgr

7. Ufjmvf rfjgn`n`b (?) trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b tm ogsf ggoan`b emits g`c sprn`b wgsafrs.

5. Sur` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b u`i bfgr u`nt omu`tfrsag ns fxpmsfc. (_ff Hnburf 25 -35).

?. Hrmj taf hrm`t mh taf trg`sjnssnm`, usn`b spfongi tmmi L -55>7 7, crnvf mut sag. F`surf tagt imok egii ns `mt imst. (_ff Hnburf 25 -3?).

3. Rnta spfongi tmmi L -55>77 n`sfrtfc, tgkf omu`tfr - sag bfgr u`nt mut mh trg`sjnssnm` ogsf. Ufjmvf emta tarust wgsafrs.

f. Ufjmvn`b _fifotmr _ag g`c N`tfrjfcngtf Ifvfrs

7. Crnvf mut rfvfrsf n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr efccn`b emit g`c rfjmvf rfvfrsf spffc sanfr n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr. (_ff Hnburf 25 -33). @MSF< Sm rfjmvf gii pn`s, usf g 7/1‚ pn` puòa.

5. Sur` taf sfifotmr sag sm t agt imok pn`s grf n` vfrogi pmsnm`. Hnrst, crnvf imok pn`s mut mh ?rc & 3ta spffc n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr g`c taf` mut mh 7st & 5`c spffc n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr. (_ff Hnburf 25 -36).

?. Tusa sfifotmr sag mut mh ogsf g`c rfjmvf n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfrs.

3. Rnta sorfwcrnvfr, pry mut sfifotmr sag mni sfgis m` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf.

h. Ufjmvn`b 7st & 5`c Bfgr _anfr _ag, ^mkf, ^mkf, g`c Ogj

7. Tuii mut emta imok egii piubs usn`b tmmi L -57276 wnta sincf agjjfr L -2443

-7. Ufjmvf tarust sprn`bs.

5. Rnta trg`sjnssnm` n` rst bfgr, crnvf imok pn`s mut mh sanfr ymkfs g`c sanfr sag ogj. (_ff Hnburf 25 -32).

?. Hrmj taf rfgr mh trg`sjnssnm`, crnvf mut 7st & 5`c spffc sanfr sag. Vsf suntgeif ergss crn. (_ff Hnburf 25 -31).

@MSF< Srg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b wnii agvf tm ef tur`fc u`i taf sanfr sag ns fxpmsfc.

3. Ufjmvf emta 7st & 5`c spffc sanfr ymkf g`c sanfr sag ogj.

b. Ufjmvn`b Jgn` Crnvf Bfgr g`c Jgn`sag Gssfjeiy

7. Hrmj hrm`t mh trg`sjnssnm`, puii jgn` crnvf bfgr g`c `ffcif efgrn`b mut mh trg`sjnssnm`. (Jgy ef `fofssgry tm rmok jgn` crnvf bfgr).

5. Hrmj rfgr mh trg`sjnssnm`, puii jgn`sag gssfjeiy g`c trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b mut mh trg`sjnssnm`.

@MSF< Bfgr sanfr siffvf wnii ef puiifc m bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr ey taf ?rc & 3ta spffc sanfr ymkf. Ufjmvf siffvf hrmj ymkf g`c kffp siffvf wnta jgn`sag gssfjeiy. (Jgkf surf ?rc & 3ta spffc samfs grf `mt imst).

a. Ufjmvn`b ?rc & 3ta Bfgr _anfr _ag

7. Rnta jgn` sag gssfjeiy mut mh trg`sjnssnm` ogsf, crnvf ?rc & 3ta bfgr sanfr sag mut tarmuba amif n` hrm`t mh ogsf wnta ergss crn hrmj rfgr mh trg`sjnssnm` tarmuba jgn`sag gssfjeiy amif n` ogsf.

5. Ufjmvf ?rc & 3ta spffc ymkf.

n. Ufjmvn`b Ufvfrsf Bfgr _anfr _ag g`c Ufvfrsf Ncifr Bfgr

7. Vsn`b g ergss crn g`c hrmj taf hrm`t mh taf trg`sjnssnm`, crnvf mut rfvfrsf bfgr sanfr sag g`c piub. (_ff Hnburf 25 -3>). Saf rfvfrsf spffc sanfr ymkf wnii rfjgn` n` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf.

5. Rnta _pfongi Smmi L -55>5? pusa rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr sag hrmj hrm`t tmwgrc taf rfgr. F`surf tagt imok egii ns `mt imst. (_ff Hnburf 25 -64).

?. Sgkf sag, rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr g`c rfvfrsf spffc sanfr ymkf mut mh trg`sjnssnm` ogsf.

l. Cnsgssfjein`b Jgn`sag Gssfjeiy

7. Ufjmvf jgn`sag efgrn`b s`gp rn`b h rmj trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`m` amusn`b brmmvf g`c rfjmvf jgn`sag gssfjeiy hrmj amusn`b. (_ff Hnburf 25-67).

5. Ufjmvf immsf pgrts suoa gs jgn`sag `ffcif efgrn`b, jgn`sag hrm`t rn`b, syòarm`nzfr omvfr, bfgr sanfr siffvf, samfs, g `c hrm`t syoarm`nzfr sprn`b. (_ff Hnburf 25 -65).

@MSF< Saf bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr g`c taf 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt g`c tafnr rfspfovf bfgr sanfr siffvf g`c 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr grf sfifotfc gssfjeinfs g`c samuic ef kfpt tmbftafr gs mrnbn`giiy gssfjeifc.

?. Ufjmvf s`gp rn`b hrmj n` hrm`t mh bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr. (_ ff Hnburf 25-6?).

3. Vsn`b Sru -gro pinfrs, rfjmvf s`gp rn`b efan`c spffcmjftfr crnvf bfgr. (_ff Hnburf 25 -63). Ufjmvf spffcm crnvf bfgr sprn`b wgsafr g`c spffcm crnvf wmrj bfgr.

6. Ufjmvf crnvf bfgr imok egii hrmj jgn`sag. (_ff Hnburf 25 -66).

8. Trfss jgn`sag n``fr efgrn`b hrmj jgn`sag usn`b _pfongi Smmi L 57813, Trfss Tigtf, gs samw` n` Hnburf 25 -68 g`c taf`, ey ag`c, rfjmvf gii immsf pgrts suoa gs jgn`sag wgsafr, trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b s`gp rn`b, 7st spffc bfgr, 7st spffc `ffcif efgrn`b, syòarm`nzfr omvfr, 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr, samfs, g`c rfgr syòarm`nzfr sprn`b. (_ff Hnburf 25 -62).

2. Rnta _pfongi Smmi L -57813, Trfss Tigtf, imogtfc efimw 5`c spffc bfgr, prfss mut 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt, gs wfii gs 7st spffc bfgr `ffcif efgrn`b n``fr siffvf. (_ff Hnburf 25 -61).

1. Rnta _pfongi Smmi L -57813, Trfss Tigtf, imogtfc efimw ?rc spffc bfgr, prfss mut bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr. (_ff Hnburf 25 -6>).

SUG@_JN__NM@ UFG__FJEI^

g. Gssfjein`b Jgn`sag

7. Hrmj hrm`t mh taf jgn` sag n`stgii ?rc spffc bfgr m`tm jgn`sag. Bfgr just tur` hrffiy m` jgn`sag.

5. N`stgii ?rc spffc syòarm`nzfr omvfr m`tm ?rc spffc bfgr om`f.

?. N`stgii rfgr syòarm`nzfr sprn`b n`tm rfgr sncf mh bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr sm tagt ammkfc sprn`b f`c rfsts n` m`f mh taf simts.

3. Vsn`b Trfss Tigtf L -57813, prfss bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr m`tm jgn`sag sm tagt mrnbn`gi tmmta om`tgot ns metgn`fc. (_ff Hnburf 25 -85).

@MSF< Saf rfgr sncf mh bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr wnta n`stgiifc sprn`b samuic ef tmwgrc ?rc spffc bfgr. Sans rfgr sncf m h ogrrnfr ns rfofssfc jmrf tag` hrm`t sncf tm giimw ogrrnfr tm ef prfssfc gijmst usa wnta syòarm`nzfr omvfr.

6. Vsn`b fxtfr`gi s`gp rn`b pinfrs, sfourf bfgr san fr siffvf ogrrnfr m` jgn`sag wnta s`gp rn`b. (_ff Hnburf 25 -85).

8. Hrmj rfgr mh jgn`sag, sincf 5`c spffc bfgr m`tm jgn`sag. Bfgr just tur` hrffiy m` jgn`sag. (_ff Hnburf 25 -?6).

2. Tigof 5`c spffc syòarm`nzfr omvfr m`tm 5`c spffc bfgr om`f. (_ff Hnburf 25 -?6).

1. N`stgii emta syòarm`nzfr sprn`bs n`tm 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt sm tagt ammks mh emta sprn`bs rfst n` taf sgjf buncf u`nt samf simt g`c taf mtafr sprn`b f`cs grf pmsnm`fc mppmsntf tm fgoa mtafr. (_ff Hnburf 25

-?8).

>. Trfss 7st & 5 `c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt m`tm jgn`sag sm tagt taf mrnbn`gi tmmta om`tgot ns metgn`fc.

74. Vsn`b Smmi L -55>7?, prfss 7st spffc bfgr `ffcif efgrn`b n``fr siffvf m`tm jgn`sag.

77. Vsn`b Smmi L -55>7?, n`stgii 7st & 5`c spffc samfs (im`b styif) g`c n`stgii 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr (hmrkfc brmmvf tm rfgr) m`tm 7st & 5`c spffc sincn`b bfgr buncf u`nt.

75. _incf 7st spffc bfgr `ffcif efgrn`b, syòarm`nzfr omvfr, 7st spffc bfgr, jgn`sag wgsafr (oagjhfr tmwgrc rfgr), g`c jgn`sag efgrn`b s`gp rn`b m`tm jgn`sag.

7?. Trfss m` jgn`sag n``fr efgrn`b usn`b Smmi L -55>7?. (_ff Hnburf 25 86).

73. N`sfrt imok egii n` pigof n` jgn`sag g`c pigof spffcm crnvf wmrj bfgr g`c spffcm crnvf bfgr sprn`b wgsafr m` jgn`sag. _fourf wnta spffcm crnvf bfgr s`gp rn`b.

76. Tigof jgn`sag gssfjeiy n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b up tm nts stmp. _fourf wnta jgn` - sag efgrn`b s`gp rn`b. (_ff Hnburf 25 -88).

78. Tigof hrm`t syòarm`nzfr sprn`b n` taf bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr. N`stgii (?) ?rc & 3ta spffc samfs (samrt cfsnb`) g`c bfgr sanfr si ffvf mvfr bfgr sanfr siffvf ogrrnfr gim`b wnta syòarm`nzfr omvfr.

@MSF< Grrmws m` samfs pmn`t tmwgrc rfgr mh jgn`sag. Bfgr sanfr siffvf ymkf brmmvf samuic ef tmwgrc hrm`t.

72. Rnta sfgifr, n`stgii `fw bg skft m`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf xtf`snm` amusn`b.

e. N`stgiin`b Ufvfrsf Ncifr Bfgr g`c Ufvfrsf Bfgr _anfr _ag

@MSF< N`spfot sags ogrfhuiiy hmr eurrs, g`c rfjmvf wnta fjfry oimta. Eurrs m` sanfr, sag wnii prfvf`t fgsy n`stgiigm` mh sanfr ymkf. Inbatiy mni wnta trg`sjnssnm` mni prnmr tm n`stgiigm`.

7. Tigof imok egii n`tm rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr sag g`c pusa sag tarmuba amif n` rfgr mh ogsf g `c m` tarmuba rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr wanoa samuic agvf brmmvf f`c tmwgrc hrm`t. (_ff Hnburf 25 -81). Om`ùf tm crnvf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr sag hmrwgrc wnta pigso agjjfr u`i rfgr f`c mh sag ns usa wnta rfgr ogsf hgof.

5. Tmsnm` rfvfrsf spffc sanfr ymkf n` brmmvf mh rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr g`c n`stgii rfvfrsf bfgr sanfr sag hrmj rfgr mh ogsf wnta `mtoafs up, pusan`b nt tarmuba rfvfrsf spffc sanfr ymkf. (_ff Hnburf 25 -24).

?. N`stgii spnrgi pn` tm sfourf ymkf tm sanfr sag g`c crnvf piub n`tm amif n` rfgr mh ogsf.

o. N`stgiin`b Jgn`sag Gssfjeiy g`c Jgn` Crnvf Bfgr

7. _incf jgn`sag gssfjeiy n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf hrmj rfgr. 5. Hrmj taf hrm`t, sincf jgn`sag hrm`t rn`b g`c taf jgn`sag `ffcif efgrn`b m`tm taf jgn`sag. (_ff Hnburf 25 -82). @MSF< Omgt `ffcif efgrn`b wnta egii g`c rmiifr efgrn`b br fgsf.

?. N`stgii jgn` crnvf bfgr tarmuba hrm`t mh trg`sjnssnm` ogsf u`i jgn` crnvf (stc. pgrt) s`gp rn`b ns  usa wnta ogsf.

c. N`stgiin`b ?rc & 3ta Bfgr _anfr _ag

7. Tmsnm` ?rc & 3ta spffc ymkf m`tm bfgr sanfr siffvf. (_ ff Hnburf 25 24). 5. N`sfrt ?rc & 3ta bfgr sanfr sag tarmuba amif n` hrm`t mh ogsf wnta `mtoafs cmw`, pusan`b nt tarmuba ?rc & 3ta spffc ymkf. (_ff Hnburf 25 24). @MSF< ?rc & 3ta spffc ymkf samuic ef pmsnm`fc wnta rmu`cfc `mtoa gt sag amif pmrm` mh ymkf tmwgrc rfgr. (_ff Hnburf 25-24).

?. N`stgii spnrgi pn`, giimwn`b 7/78‚ tm 6/83‚ mh pn` tm prmtrucf.

f. N`stgiin`b 7st & 5`c Bfgr _anfr _ag

@MSF< N`spfot sanfr sag ogrfhuiiy hmr eurrs, g`c rfjmvf wnta fjfry oimta. Eurrs m` sanfr sag wnii prfvf`t fgsy n`stgiigm` mh sanfr ymkf g`c ogj. Inbatiy mni wnta trg`sjnssnm` mni prnmr tm n`stgiigm`.

7. N`sfrt 7st & 5 `c bfgr sanfr sag tarmuba amif n` rfgr mh ogsf wnta tarff `mtoafs cmw` g`c tmwgrc rfgr mh trg`sjnssnm`, pusan`b sag rst tarmuba 7st & 5`c bfgr sanfr ymkf, wanoa samuic ef pmsnm`fc m` 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr wnta samuicfr tmwgrc hrm`t mh ogsf. (_ff Hnburf 25 -8> g`c Hnburf 25 -27).

@MSF< Sm pmsnm` 7st & 5`c bfgr sanfr ymkf m` 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr, pusa rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr hmrwgrc f`bgbn`b taf ncifr bfgr wnta taf 7st & 5`c bfgr sincn`b bfgr. Sans wnii jgkf rmmj hmr pmsnm`n`b 7st & 5`c bfgr sanfr ymkf.

5. Om`ùf tm crnvf 7st & 5`c bfgr sanfr sag tarmuba sanfr sag ogj, wanoa samuic ef pmsnm`fc gs samw` n` Hnburf 25 -8>.

?. N`stgii spnrgi pn`s tm sfourf sanfr ymkf g`c sanfr sag ogj tm 7st & 5`c bfgr sanfr sag.

h. N`stgiin`b _fifotmr _ag _ag

@MSF< N`spfot sfifotmr sag ogrfhuiiy hmr eurrs, g`c rfjmvf wnta fjfry oimta. Eurrs m` sag wnii prfvf`t fgsy n `stgiigm` mh n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfrs. Inbatiy mni wnta trg`sjnssnm` mni prnmr tm n`stgiigm`.

7. N`sfrt `fw sfifotmr sag mni sfgis n` amifs m` emta sncfs mh trg`sjnssnm` ogsf g`c n`sfrt sfifotmr sag n`tm og sf g`c tarmuba ?rc, 3ta, g`c rfvfrsf n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr.

@MSF< ?rc, 3ta, g`c rfvfrsf n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr samuic ef pmsnm`fc m` sfifotmr sag gs samw` n` Hnburf 25-8>G.

5. Om`ùf tm pusa sfifotmr sag tarmuba 7st & 5`c n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr g`c tarmuba mtafr sncf mh ogsf.

@MSF< 7st & 5`c n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr samuic ef pmsnm`fc m` sfifotm r sag gs samw` n` Hnburf 25-24G.

?. @MSF< _fifotmr sag ns rmtgtfc omu`tfr oimokwnsf (waf` immkn`b hrmj ifvfr f`c mh sfifotmr sag) hrmj wmrkn`b pmsnm` tm agvf spnrgi pn` amifs n` sag vfrogi g`c n` in`f wnta pn` amifs n` n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfrs. Sm rm tgtf sfifotmr sag n` tans jg``fr, taf rfvfrsf bfgr

sanfr sag g`c nts rfvfrsf spffc sanfr ymkf just ef pusafc rfgrwgrc sm tagt taf rfvfrsf ncifr bfgr ns gbgn`st rfgr mh ogsf.

N`stgii spnrgi pn`s tm sfourf emta n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfrs tm taf sfifotmr sag.

@MSF< _pnrgi pn`s samuic `mt ef usa wnta ifvfr surhgof 2 eut rgtafr samuic fxtf`c up eftwff` 7/78‚ g`c 6/83‚.

b. N`stgiin`b Ufvfrsf _pffc _anfr N`tfrjfcngtf Ifvfr g`c N`tfrimok Egiis, _prn`bs, g`c Tiubs

7. F`bgbf rfvfrsf spffc sanfr n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr wnta ?rc, 3ta, g`c rfvfrsf n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr g`c gism n` simt n` rfvfrsf bfgr sanfr sag, g`c n`stgii efccn`b emit tarmuba rfvfrsf spffc sanfr n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr g`c n`tm ogsf.

@MSF< Ufvfrsf spffc sanfr n`tfrjfcngtf ifvfr f`c pigy m ` emit samuic ef eftwff` .443‚ g`c .475‚.

5. N`sfrt emta n`tfrimok egiis g`c taf` sprn`bs, g`c crnvf emta n`tfrimok piubs n`tm ogsf amifs u`i tafy emmj n` n`tfrimok piub amif sfgts. @MSF< Brmmvfs n` piubs wnii ef samwn`b.

a. N`stgiin`b Omu`tfrsag Bfgr V`nt

7. Omgt tarust wgsafrs wnta egii g` c rmiifr efgrn`b brfgsf g`c sok tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf. (_ff Hnburf 25 -27).

@MSF< Iubs mh tarust wgsafrs just t n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf simts.

5. Sur` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b u`i bfgr u`nt omu`tfrsag emrf ns omjpiftfiy fxpmsfc.

?. Tigof imok egii n`tm sag g`c hrmj taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` n`sfrt sag sm tagt tarust wgsafr ns afic n` pmsnm`. Amic mppmsntf tarust wgsafr n` pmsnm` ey usn`b g samrt crn.

3. N`sfrt omu`tfrsag bfgr u`nt n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf.

@MSF< Ef surf gii `ffcif efgrn`bs g`c emta `ffcif efgrn`b wgsafrs grf n` pigof.

6. N`sfrt bfgr u`nt omu`tfrsag n`tm bfgr u`nt g`c crnvf sag n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf wanif crnvn`b mut _pfongi Smmi L -55>77.

@MSF< Tgy gf`m` tm imok egii. (_ff Hnburf 25-25).

n. N`stgiin`b Srg`sjnssnm` Ogsf Fxtf`snm` Amusn`b

7. Ginb` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b g`c bgskft g`c tmrquf (?) emits wnta sprn`b wgsafrs tm 57 ie. .

l. N`stgiin`b Bfgrsan N`tfrimok N`tfrimok Egii g`c Bfgrsan Sarust _prn`b _prn`b

7. N`stgii bfgrsan n`tfrimok egii n`tm tmp trg`sjnssnm` emrf g`c taf` n`stgii bfgrsan tarust sprn`b.

k. N`stgiin`b Srg`sjnssnm` Ogsf Omvfr

7. N`stgii ogsf omvfr bgskft, omvfr, g`c batf` sorfws.

n. N`stgiin`b Bfgrsan In`kgbfs

7. N`stgii sfifotmr rn`b g`c imok ùt m`tm sfifotmr sag.

5. Amicn`b sfifotmr ifvfr g`c suppmrt n` pigof, tmrquf (5) ergokft emits g`c sprn`b wgsafrs tm 73.6 ie. . ( _ff Hnburf 25 -37G).

?. N`stgii pn` sfourn`b sfifotmr ifvfr tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` emit.

3. N`stgii sanfr sag wnta sprn`b wgsafrs m` n`sncf mh sanfr sag f`cs g`c gt wgsafrs m` mutsncf mh sag.

6. _fourf fgoa f`c mh sanfr sag g`c wgsafrs wnta omfr pn`s.

UFJMXN@B G@C N@_SGIIN@B _TFFCM CUNXF@ BFGU (RNSA SUG@_JN__NM@ UFJMXFC)

g. Ufjmvn`b _pffcm Crnvf` Bfgr Gssfjeiy

7. Vsf wrfòa tm u`sorfw spffcm g`buigr crnvf amicn`b ùt g`c rfjmvf spffcm g`buigr crnvf.

5. Rnta _pfongi Smmi L -55>58 g`c sincf agjjfr L -2443-7, rfjmvf spffcm crnvf` bfgr imok pn` wanoa rftgn`s spffcm crnvf` b fgr gssfjeiy n` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b.

?. Vsn`b _pfongi Smmi L -55>5> g`c sincf agjjfr L -24443-7, rfjmvf spffcm crnvf` bfgr gssfjeiy.

@MSF< Smmi L-55>5> sorfws m`tm taf spffcm crnvf` bfgr buncf jgkn`b nt pmssneif tm rfjmvf taf buncf g`c gssfjeiy wntamut cgjgbf tm taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b.

e. N`stgiigm` mh _pffcm Crnvf` Bfgr Gssfjeiy

7. Vsn`b _pfongi Smmi L -55>5> n`stgii spffcm crnvf` bfgr gssfjeiy n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b. Nt jgy ef `fofssgry tm tgp inbatiy m` tmmi L-55>5> waf` n`stgiin`b gssfjeiy.

@MSF< Ef surf spffcm crnvf` bfgr imok pn` amif m` buncf in`fs up wnta amif n` trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b. Gism, rmtgtf jgn`sag gt mutput f`c waf` n`sfr`b spffcm crnvf` bfgr gssfjeiy tm n`surf tagt crnvf` bfgr jfsafs prmpfriy wnta spffcm crnvf b fgr m` jgn`sag.

5. N`stgii spffcm crnvf` bfgr imok pn` n`tm trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b ey tgppn`b pn` inbatiy. ?. N`stgii spffcm g`buigr crnvf ey batf`n`b spffcm g`buigr crnvf tm amicn`b ùt.

UFTIGON@B EV_AN@B N@ _FIFOSMU IFXFU (SUG@_JN__NM@ G@C BFGU_ANHS IN@KGBF UFJMXFC)

g. Ufjmvgi

7. Ufjmvf s`gp rn`b hrmj eusan`b. (_ff Hnburf 25 -2?). 5. Vsn`b g suntgeif ergss crn crnvf mut eusan`b hrmj s`gp rn`b sncf. (_ff Hnburf 25 -23).

e. Ufpigon`b @MSF< N`stgii `fw eusan`b n` mppmsntf cnrfom` mh rfjmvgi wnta taf outmut n` taf eusan`b hgon`b upwgrcs. (_ff Hnburf 25-23).

7. Vsn`b g suntgeif tmmi crnvf n ` eusan`b up tm stmp. 5. N`stgii s`gp rn`b m`tm eusan`b.

GCLV_SN@B UFXFU_F BFGU_ANHS EIMOKFU 7. F`bgbf 5`c spffc. 5. Gclust sfifotmr rn`b (g) sm tagt egii m` imwfr f`c mh san `bfr ags g` fqugi oifgrgòf m` emta sncfs waf` sfgtfc n`tm taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` emit amif. (_ff Hnburf 25 -26). ?. Egok m sfifotmr rn`b g` gccnm`gi 7/3 mh g tur` g`c batf` imok ùt (E). (_ff Hnburf 25 -26).

N@_SGIIGSNM@ MH SUG@_JN__NM@ RNSA F@BN@F N@ OGU

7. Saf trg`sjnssnm` og` ef n`stgiifc ey rfvfrsn`b taf rfjmvgi prmofcurf g`c ogrfhuiiy `m`b taf hmiimwn`b subbfsm`s<

g. Jgkf ofrtgn` jgn` crnvf bfgr spin`fs grf oifg` g`c cry. Gism, jgkf ofrtgn` taf trg`sjnssnm` ns n` @futrgi sm tagt taf jgn` crnvf bfgr spin`fs jgy ef n`cfxfc waf` jgkn`b taf n`stgiigm`.

e. N`stgii prmpfiifr sag g`c batf` V - lmn`t lmn`t tm pn`nm` g`bf V emit ùts g`c tmrquf tm 77 ie..

o. Ggoa oiutoa ogeif.

c. Tfrhmrj oiutoa igsa gclustjf`t. Tfcgi igsa mr hrff pfcgi trgvfi just ef gclustfc moogsnm`giiy tm omjpf`sgtf hmr `mrjgi wfgr mh taf oiutoa hgon`bs. Gs taf crnvf` pigtf wfgrs tan``fr, pfcgi igsa cforfgsfs. Gclust oiutoa pfcgi hrff trgvfi mìy wnta egii stuc imogtfc m` taf rnbat sncf mh taf oiutoa amusn`b, nh ogeif if`bta ns `mt tm ef oag`bfc, ey immsf`n`b imok ùt m` egii stuc f`c imogtfc tm taf rnbat mh taf trg`sjnssnm` m` taf oiutoa amusn`b. Tmsnm` egii stuc sm tagt taf mutfr f`c prmtrucfs ?/3‚ mut mh taf amusn`b g`c `bfr batf` imok ùt. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3 g`c Hnburf 27 -6). Gclust egii stuc, pnvm`b oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk, tm metgn` º‚ tm 7‚ pfcgi igsa, hrff pfcgi. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3). Snbatf` imok ùt tm sfourf egni stuc. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3).

f. Gfr mvfragui mh trg`sjnssnm`, rfii wnta 57/5 pn`ts mh _GF 14 mr 14->4 jui-purpmsf bfgr iuernog`t.

_ANHS IFXFU N@_SGIIGSNM@ N@_SGIIGSNM@

@MSF< Trnmr tm n`stgiigm`, omgt san `bfr emit g`c spafrnogi f`c mh sag `bfr wnta prmtfovf brfgsf.

7. N`stgii n` rfvfrsf sfqufòf mh rfjmvgi. Ef surf tm n`stgii n`stgii san `bfr emit hrmj rfgr tmwgrc taf hrm`t.

CN_G__FJEIN@B CN_G__FJEIN@B G@C G__FJEIN@B BFGU_ANHS IFXFU

g. Ufpigon`b Emwcf` Om`trmi Rnrf n` Bfgrsan Ifvfr (Bfgrsan ifvfr rfjmvfc).

7. Ogrfhuiiy rfjmvf bfgrsan ifvfr k`me (ey puiin`b) g`c immsf` tarfgcfc pn`. (_ff Hnburf 25 -?1).

5. Crnvf mut spnrgi pn`s. (_ff Hn burf 25 -?>).

?. Sgkf m san `bfr g`c puii Emwcf` om`trmi wnrf mut mh bfgrsan ifvfr. Sarust sprn`b jgy gism ef rfjmvfc gt tans jf. @MSF< Efhmrf n`stgiin`b, mni sincn`b surhgof mh stmp siffvf m` san `bfr tuef wnta oiutoa mni.

3. N`stgii `fw om`trmi wnrf tarmuba bfgrsan ifvfr g`c hgstf` `fw om`trmi wnrf wnta oigjp siffvf sm tagt taf outmut mh taf stmp siffvf samws tmwgrc taf if. N`sfrt spnrgi pn`. (Im`b pn`).

@MSF< _pnrgi pn` just `mt prmtrucf m` fntafr sncf.

6. Rnta tarfgcfc pn`, oigjp bat Emwcf` om`trmi wnrf sm tagt puii rn`b ns pmsnm`fc m` bfgrsan ifvfr tuef g`c oigjpn`b eimok m` puii rn`b. @MSF< Cm `mt put tf`snm` m` Emwcf` ogeif. Tuii k`me samuic agvf gpprmxnjgtfiy 7/78 mh g` nòa hrff trgvfi.

8. Rnta samrt spnrgi pn`, ggoa san `bfr.

2. N`stgii bfgrsan ifvfr k`me g`c gcafrf tm g cnstgòf mh 7/3‚. (_ff Hnburf 25-34).

e. Ufpigon`b Uueefr Cgjpf`n`b Tgrts n` Bfgrsan Ifvfr ( Bfgrsan ifvfr rfjmvfc).

7. Ogrfhuiiy rfjmvf bfgrsan ifvfr k`me g`c immsf` tarfgcfc pn` hmr Emwcf` om`trmi wnrf ggoajf`t.

5. Sgkf imwfr s`gp rn`b mut mh bfgrsan ifvfr tuef g`c puii tuef m san `bfr.

?. Ufjmvf stmp rn`b hrmj brmmvf m` san `bfr g`c rfjmvf rueefr cgjpf`fr.

3. N`stgii n` rfvfrsf sfqufòf tm rfjmvgi g`c `mtf taf hmiimwn`b< g. Gfr n`stgiigm` mh bfgrsan tuef, oigjp bat Emwcf` om`trmi wnrf sm tagt puii rn`b ns pmsnm`fc m` bfgrsan ifvfr tuef g`c oigjpn`b eimok m` puii rn`b tm gvmnc g`y gxngi pigy mh puii rn`b. e. M` n`stgiigm` mh bfgrsan ifvfr k`me gcafrf tm g cnstgòf mh 7/3‚. (_ff Hnburf 25 -34).

CF_OUNTSNM@ G@C MTFUGSNM@ MH OIVSOA V_FC RNSA 7.> INSFU F@BN@F

G` gotugi immk gt taf pnfofs usfc n` taf Mpfi oiutoa wnii sfrvf tm effr hgjningrnzf us wnta taf pgrts, g`c g cnsoussnm` mh tafnr mpfrgm` wnii ef fgsnfr tm hmiimw.

Hnrst, taf ywaffi. Ragt pgrt cmfs taf ywaffi pigy n` pmwfr trg`sjnssnm`= Gotugiiy, taf ywaffi ns taf f`c prmcuot mh taf pmwfr prmcuofc ey taf f`bn`f. Sans ns taf pgrt tagt ns crnvf` cnrfotiy ey taf f`bn`f g`c rfprfsf`ts taf smurof mh pmwfr tm crnvf ta f ogr. Gs ymu k`mw, taf ywaffi ns quntf afgvy tm afip cgjpf` mut jn`mr pmwfr puisfs orfgtfc ey taf f`bn`f. Eut jmrf tag` tagt, nt ns gotugiiy taf hrnom` surhgof tagt crnvfs taf oiutoa cnso wanoa, n` tur`, crnvfs taf jgn` crnvf bfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm`.

Saf oiutoa cnso ns spin`fc tm taf trg`sjnssnm` jgn` crnvf bfgr sag g`c om`tgn`s wmvf` gsefstms hgon`b m` emta sncfs tm f`geif us tm f`bgbf taf oiutoa sjmmtaiy g`c trg`sjnt pmwfr fonf`tiy. Raf` taf oiutoa cnso ns afic sfourf eftwff` taf ywaffi g`c taf prfssurf pigtf, pmwfr ns trg`sjnfc n` taf f`bn`f tm taf trg`sjnssnm` n`put sag. Saf brmmvfs m` emta sncfs mh taf oiutoa cnso in`n`b prfvf`t sokn`b mh taf cnso tm taf ywaffi g`c prfssurf pigtf cuf tm vgouuj eftwff` taf jfjefrs m` cnsf`bgbn`b. Saf prfssurf pigtf prmvncfs emta taf prfssurf tm kffp taf oiutoa cnso n` om`tgot wnta taf ywaffi gs wfii gs taf rfifgsf jfoag`nsj t m cnsf`bgbf taf oiutoa waf` sann`b bfgrs.

Saf oiutoa gssfjeiy ns fòimsfc n` taf e fii amusn`b wanoa ns emitfc wnta hmur (3) emits tm taf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf. Saf oiutoa rfifgsf efgrn`b g`c rfifgsf hmrk grf mh om`vf`m`gi cfsnb`, wnta taf hmrk pnvm`b m` g egii stuc imogtfc mppmsntf taf om`trmi ogeif ggoan`b pmn`t. Saf efgrn`b g`bf ts mvfr twm v frogi pn`s wanoa grf rnvftfc tm g`c fxtf`c n`tm taf fyf mh taf hmrk.

Saf oiutoa prfssurf pigtf ns snjnigr n` cfsnb` tm taf Eunok _pfongi g`c Eunok _kyigrk prfssurf pigtf. G rgcngiiy simfc cngpargbj pnvm`b m` twm stffi wnrf rn`bs ns rftgn`fc tm taf oiutoa omvfr ey fnbat rnvfts. Saf oiutoa cnso ns g` 1 nòa cngjftfr sn`bif pigtf cry cnso wnta tmrsnm`gi cgjpfr sprn`bs g`c sprn`b ifgvfs eftwff` hgon`bs tm ousanm` gppinogm`. Cgjpf`fr sprn`bs n` taf oiutoa c nso gssfjeiy grf prfimgcfc.

7.> INSFU F@BN@F OIVSOA UFJMXGI

g. Ufjmvgi mh Srg`sjnssnm` wnta F`bn`f n` Ogr

7. Ufjmvf gnr oifg`fr. Ufjmvf tarmif rmc h rmj ogreurftmr g`c rfgr suppmrt. (_ff Hnburf 25 -7).

5. _an ifvfr rfjmvgi rfqunrfs tagt taf trg`sjnssnm` ef pigofc n`tm @futrgi. g. Ufjmvf tarff (?) bfgr san mr`gjf`t omvfr pigtf sorfws. e. Tuii rueefr emmt m` bfgr san ifvfr upwgrc g`c uàmmk sprn`b g`c rfjmvf san `bfr emit. o. Ufjmvf bfgr san ifvfr hrmj san amusn`b.

?. _uppmrt ogr wnta hrgjf mr waffi stg`cs n` taf hrm`t mr hrgjf stg`cs n` taf rfgr.

3. Immsf` hrm`t fxagust pnpf tm jg`nhmic g`bf.

6. Ufjmvf oiutoa ogeif hrmj hmrk ey pusan`b hmrk tm cnsf`bgbf taf oiutoa g`c u`s`gp ogeif hrmj simt.

8. Cnsom``fot emta wnrfs hrmj egokup igjp swntoa. 2. Cnsom``fot spffcmjftfr ogeif hrmj trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b.

1. Vàmmk pgrkn`b ergkf ogeif rftur` sprn`b g`c rfjmvf ogeif gclus`b ùt, fquginzfr, g`c spgofr. (_ff Hnburf 25 -6).

>. Cnsom``fot crnvf sag gt of`trgi lmn`t g`c rfjmvf gs hmiimws< g. Ugnsf rfgr mh ogr g`c suppmrt m` lgok stg`cs gt rfgr lgok ergokfts. e. Cnsom``fot pgrkn`b ergkf ogeif fquginzfr hrm j rmc. o. Jgrk taf jg`b pgrts mh taf V - lmn`t lmn`t g`c taf crnvf pn`nm` fxtf`snm` sag g`bf. c. Immsf` emit imoks g`c rfjmvf emits mr ùts. f. Rmrk prmpfiifr sag sinbatiy hmrwgrc, imwfr rfgr f`c mh sag g`c sincf gssfjeiy rfgrwgrc. Ufjmvf tarust sprn`b. h. N`stgii g piub n` taf rfgr mh taf trg`sjnssnm` tm prfvf`t imss mh iuernog`t.

74. Ufjmvf m`f (7) emit ggoan`b rfgr f`bn`f jmu`t (trg`sjnssnm` ogsf fxtf`snm` amusn`b) tm u`cfremcy, g`c immsf` mtafr emit.

77. Ufjmvf trg`sjnssnm` ogsf tm oiutoa amusn`b ggoan`b emits g`c rfjmvf trg`sjnssnm`.

75. Ufjmvf fxagust pnpfs hrmj fxagust jg`nhmic.

7?. Cnsom``fot oiutoa rftur` sprn`b g`c om`trmi og eif hrmj oiutoa hmrk.

73. Ufjmvf jgn` crnvf bfgr m ni sfgi hrmj oiutoa rfifgsf egii efgrn`b buncf (8, Hnburf 27 -6).

76. Ufjmvf oiutoa amusn`b suppmrt tm oiutoa amusn`b ggoan`b emits; egok m oiutoa amusn`b suppmrt tm oyin`cfr eimok g goan`b emits g`c rfjmvf oiutoa amusn`b suppmrt. (5, Hnburf 27 -6G).

78. Ufjmvf oiutoa amusn`b bugrc pigtf. (5 3, Hnburf 27 -6G).

72. Ufjmvf oiutoa amusn`b (7, Hnburf 27 -8) hrmj f`bn`f.

71. Ufjmvf oiutoa rfifgsf egii efgrn`b (7?, Hnburf 27 -6G) hrmj oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk (74, Hnburf 27 -6G).

7>. _incf oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk m oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk egii stuc (3, Hnburf 27 -6) gbgn`st egii stuc sprn`b (75, Hnburf 27 -6G) m` rfifgsf hmrk.

54. Ufjmvf oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk egii stuc imok ùt, g`c rfjmvf egii stuc (3, Hnburf 27 -6) hrmj amusn`b.

57. Nh gssfjeiy jgrks (?, Hnburf 27 ->) m` oiutoa gssfjeiy g`c ywaffi agvf efomjf n`cnsòt, rf`fw wnta pgn`t mr of`tfrpuòa.

55. Immsf` (3) oiutoa omvfr tm ywaffi ggoan`b emits (6, Hnburf 27 ->) m`f tur` gt g jf tm gvmnc ef`cn`b taf oiutoa omvfr g`bf, u`i sprn`b prfssurf ns rfifgsfc.

5?. _uppmrt taf prfssurf pigtf g`c omvfr gssfjeiy wanif rfjmvn`b ig st emit, taf` rfjmvf prfssurf pigtf g`c oiutoa cnso gssfjeinfs.

@MSF< Oiutoa omvfr, sprn`b g`c prfssurf pigtf just `mt ef cnsgssfjeifc. Nh `fofssgry rfpigof omjpiftf gssfjeiy.

OGVSNM@< Vsf fxtrfjf ogrf n` kffpn`b oiutoa cnso oifg`.

N@_TFOSNM@ MH OIVSOA Rgsa gii jftgi pgrts mh oiutoa, fxofpt rfifgsf efgrn`b g`c cnso, n` suntgeif oifg`n`b smium` tm rfjmvf cnrt g`c brfgsf. _mgkn`b rfifgsf e fgrn`b n` oifg`n`b smium` wmuic pfrjnt smium` tm sffp n`tm efgrn`b g`c cfstrmy taf iuernog`t. _mgkn`b cnso n` oifg`n`b smium` wmuic cgjgbf taf hgon`bs.

g. Hiywaffi g`c Trfssurf Tigtf

Fxgjn`f hrnom` surhgofs mh  ywaffi g`c prfssurf pigtf hmr somrn`b mr rmuba`fss. _inbat rmuba`fss jgy ef sjmmtafc wnta `f fjfry oimta, eut nh surhgof ns cffpiy somrfc mr brmmvfc taf pgrt samuic ef rfpigofc.

e. Oiutoa Cnso

N`spfot cnso hmr om`cnm` mh hgon`bs, immsf rnvfts, ermkf` mr vfry immsf tmrsnm`gi sprn`bs.

Nh hgon`bs grf wmr` cmw` `fgr rnvfts mr grf mniy, taf cnso gssfjeiy samuic ef rfpigofc. G vfry sinbat gjmu`t mh mni m` cnso hgon`bs wnii ogusf oiutoa brge g`c oagfr. G igrbf gjmu`t mh mni m` hgon`bs wnii ogusf sinppgbf. Ufjmvgi mh mni ey smivf`ts mr ey eu`b ns `mt prgoogi snòf mni wnii om`ùf tm eiffc hrmj hgon`b jgtfrngi waf` amt.

Raf` mni ns hmu`c m` cnso hgon`bs, fxgjn`f trg`sjnssnm` crgnègok amif, pnimt eusan`b, f`bn`f rfgr jgn` efgrn`b g`c mtafr pmn`ts mh mni ifgkgbf.

Sfst taf t mh oiutoa cnso aue m` trg`sjnssnm` jgn` crnvf bfgr hmr g` fgsy sincn`b t.

Ufbgrcifss mh waftafr taf mic cnso mr g `fw m`f ns tm ef n`stgiifc, taf cnso samuic ef oafokfc hmr ru` -mut. Sans oafok og` ef jgcf ey hmiimwn`b stfps mutin`fc n` Hnburf 27 -2 g`c 27 -1.

o. Efgrn`bs

N`spfot oiutoa rfifgsf efgrn`b hmr somrn`b mr fxofssnvf wfgr m` hrm`t om`tgot hgof. Sfst hmr rmuba`fss mh egnis g`c hgofs ey prfssn`b g`c tur`n`b hrm`t rgof simwiy. N`spfot jgn` crnvf bfgr pnimt eusan`b n` org`ksag. Nh eusan`b ns rmuba mr wmr` nt samuic ef rfpigofc.

N@_SGIIGSNM@ MH OIVSOA @MSF< Hmr n`stgiigm` rfhfr tm Hnburf 27->.

7. N`cfx ginb`jf`t jgrks m` o iutoa gssfjeiy g`c ywaffi. Tigof oiutoa cnso m` prfssurf pigtf wnta im`b f`c mh spin`fc aue hgon`b tmwgrc f`bn`f.

5. N`sfrt ginb`jf`t tmmi L -55>?3 tarmuba oiutoa omvfr g`c crnvf` pigtf.

?. Amic omjpiftf gssfjeiy gbgn`st ywaffi wanif n`sfr`b f`c mh tmmi L 55>?3 n`tm pnimt efgrn`b n` org`ksag.

3. N`cfx taf ginb`jf`t jgrks g`c n`stgii (3) oiutoa omvfr tm  ywaffi emits `bfr bat. Omjpiftf batf`n`b emits gitfr`gtfiy g`c fvfìy m`f tur` gt g jf. g`c taf` tmrquf emits tm 76 ie. .

6. Ufjmvf ginb`jf`t tmmi.

8. N`stgii rfifgsf efgrn`b.

2. N`stgii oiutoa amusn`b g`c tmrquf emits tm ?8 ie. .

1. N`stgii oiutoa amusn`b bugrc pigtf.

>. N`stgii oiutoa rftur` sprn`b g`c om`trmi ogeif.

74. Om``fot fxagust pnpfs tm fxagust jg`nhmic g`c stgrtfr tm oiutoa amusn`b.

77. N`stgii oiutoa suppmrt tm oiutoa amusn`b.

N@_SGIIGSNM@ MH SUG@_JN__NM@ RNSA F@BN@F N@ OGU

7. Saf trg`sjnssnm` og` ef n`stgiifc ey rfvfrsn`b taf rfjmvgi prmofcurf g`c ogrfhuiiy `m`b taf hmiimwn`b subbfsm`s<

g. Jgkf ofrtgn` jgn` crnvf bfgr spin`fs grf oifg` g`c cry. Gism, jgkf ofrtgn` taf trg`sjnssnm` ns n` @futrgi sm tagt taf jgn` crnvf bfgr spin`fs jgy ef n`cfxfc waf` jgkn`b taf n`stgiigm`.

e. N`stgii prmpfiifr sag g`c batf` V - lmn`t lmn`t tm pn`nm` g`bf, V emit ùts g`c tmrquf tm 77 ie. .

o. Ggoa oiutoa ogeif.

c. Tfrhmrj oiutoa igsa gclustjf`t. Tfcgi igsa mr hrff pfcgi trgvfi just ef gclustfc moogsnm`giiy tm omjpf`sgtf hmr `mrjgi wfgr mh taf oiutoa hgon`bs. Gs taf crnvf` pigtf wfgrs tan``fr, pfcgi igsa cforfgsfs. Gclust oiutoa pfcgi hrff trgvfi mìy wnta egii stuc imogtfc m` taf rnbat sncf mh taf oiutoa amusn`b, nh ogeif if`bta ns `mt tm ef oag`bfc, ey immsf`n`b imok ùt m` egii stuc f`c imogtfc tm taf rnbat mh taf trg`sjnssnm` m` taf oiutoa amusn`b. Tmsnm` egii stuc sm tagt taf mutfr f`c prmtrucfs ?/3‚ mut mh amusn`b g`c `bfr batf` imok ùt. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3 g`c Hnburf 27 -6). Gclust egii stuc, pnvm`b oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk, tm metgn` º‚ tm 7‚ pfcgi igsa, hrff pfcgi. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3). Snbatf` imok ùt tm sfourf egii stuc. (_ff Hnburf 27 -3).

f. Gfr mvfragui mh trg`sjnssnm`, rfii wnta 5º pn`ts mh _GF mr 14 >4 jui-purpmsf bfgr iuernog`t.

_ANHS IFXFU N@_SGIIGSNM@ N@_SGIIGSNM@

@MSF< Trnmr tm n`stgiigm`, omgt san `bfr emit g`c spafrnogi f`c mh sag `bfr wnta prmtfovf brfgsf.

7. N`stgii n` rfvfrsf sfqufòf mh rfjmvgi. E f surf tm n`stgii san `bfr emit hrmj rfgr tmwgrc taf hrm`t.

OIVSOA IG_A GCLV_SJF@S

Tfcgi igsa, hrff pfcgi trgvfi just ef gclustfc moogsnm`giiy tm omjpf`sgtf hmr `mrjgi wfgr mh taf oiutoa hgon`bs. Gs taf oiutoa cnso wfgrs tan``fr, pfcgi igsa cforfgsfs. Gclust oiutoa pfcgi hrff trgvfi mìy wnta egii stuc imogtfc m` rnbat sncf mh oiutoa amusn`b nh ogeif if`bta ns `mt tm ef oag`bfc. Sm gclust pfcgi igsa prmoffc gs hmiimws<

7. Immsf` imok ùt (3, Hnburf 2 7 -6) m` egii stuc f`c imogtfc tm taf rnbat mh taf trg`sjnssnm` m` taf oiutoa amusn`b. Tmsnm` egii stuc sm tagt taf mutfr f`c prmtrucfs ?/3 mut mh amusn`b g`c `bfr batf` imok ùt.

5. Gclust egii stuc, pnvm`b oiutoa rfifgsf hmrk, tm metgn` 7/5‚ tm 7‚ pfcgi igsa, hrff pfcgi. _ff Hnburf 27 -3.

?. Snbatf` imok ùt (78, Hnburf 27 -3) tm sfourf egii stuc.

OIVSOA OM@SUMI OGEIF UFJMXGI G@C N@_SGIIGSNM@

7. Cnsom``fot rftur` sprn`b g`c ogeif wnta egii f`c hrmj rfifgsf hmrk. _incf om`trmi ogeif mut mh fyf n` oiutoa amusn`b.

5. Rnta g sorfwcrnvfr, pry F -rn`b (7, Hnburf 27 -3) mut mh brmmvf n` om`trmi ogeif g`c cnsom``fot ogeif hrmj oiutoa pfcgi.

?. Tuii ogeif mut mh rftgn`fr m` cgsa pg`fi g`c rfjmvf wgsafrs g`c rueefr brmjjft.

3. N`stgii n` rfvfrsf sfqufòf tm rfjmvgi.

OIVSOA OM@SUMI OGEIF GCLV_SJF@S

7. Gclust egii stuc sm tagt mutfr f`c prmtrucfs gpprmxnjgtfiy 6/1 ‚ mut mh oiutoa amusn`b.

5. Gclust cnstgòf eftwff` rfifgsf hmrk g`c oiutoa a musn`b hgof gt fyf hmr om`trmi ogeif tm gpprmxnjgtfiy 3°‚. Amic ogeif n` tans pmsnm` g`c pigof F rn`b twm brmmvfs gafgc mh wgsafr m` rueefr brmjjft. Oiutoa pfcgi hrff trgvfi ns `mw eftwff` 7/5‚ tm 7‚ g`c oiutoa rfifgsf efgrn`b ns om``fo`b cngpargbj sprn`bs. _ff Hnburf 27 -3.

7.> INSFU F@BN@F SUG@_JN__NM@_ _TFONGI SMMI_

7.> INSFU F@BN@F OIVSOA SUMVEIF CNGB@M_N_

_^JTSMJ G@C TUMEGEIF OGV_F

TUMEGEIF UFJFC^

HGNI_ SM UFIFG_F (TFCGI TUF__FC SM HIMMU-_ANHS IFXFU CMF_ @MS JMXF HUFFI^ N@ G@C MVS MH UFXFU_F BFGU)

g. Njprmpfr in`kgbf gclustjf`t e. Hguity pnimt efgrn`b o. Hguity oiutoa cnso c. Hmrk m egii stuc f. Oiutoa cnso aue en`cn`b m` jgn` crnvf b fgr spin`f

g. Gclust in`kgbf e. Ufpigof efgrn`b o. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso c. N`stgii prmpfriy f. Ufpgnr mr rfpigof jgn` crnvf bfgr

_INTTN@B

g. Njprmpfr gclustjf`t (`m igsa)

g. Gclust in`kgbf

e. Mni smgkfc oiutoa cnso

e. N`stgii `fw oiutoa cnso g`c omrrfot mni ifgk gt nts smurof

o. Rmr` hgon`b mr hgon`b tmr` hrmj oiutoa cnso

o. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso

c. Rgrpfc prfssurf pigtf mr ywaffi

c. Ufpigof sgjf

f. Rfgk cngpargbj sprn`b

f. Ufpigof omvfr gssfjeiy

h. Oiutoa cnso `mt sfgtfc n`

h. Jgkf 54 -64 `mrjgi stgrts

b. Oiutoa cnso mvfrafgtfc

b. Giimw tm ommi–Oafok igsa

BUGEEN@B

g. Mni m` hgon`b mr eur`fc mr bigzfc hgon`bs

g. N`stgii `fw oiutoa cnso

e. Rmr` spin`fs m` jgn` crnvf bfgr

e. Ufpigof trg`sjnssnm` jgn` crnvf bfgr

o. Immsf f`bn`f jmu``bs

o. Snbatf` mr rfpigof jmu``bs

c. Rgrpfc prfssurf pigtf mr ywaffi

c. Ufpigof prfssurf pigtf mr ywaffi

f. Eur`fc mr sjfgrfc rfsn` -m` ywaffi mr prfssurf pigtf

f. _g`c m nh supfrongi, rfpigof eur`fc mr afgt oafokfc pgrts

UGSSIN@B – SUG@_JN__NM@ -OINOK

g. Hmrk immsf m` egii stuc mr n` -efgrn`b brmmvf

g. Oafok egii stuc g`c rftgn`n`b sprn`b g`c rfpigof nh `fofssgry

e. Mni n` oiutoa cnso cgjpfr

e. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso

o. Oiutoa cnso cgjpfr sprn`b hgniurf

o. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso

OIVSOA SUMVEIF CNGB@M_N_ (Om`t„c)

_^JTSMJ G@C TUMEGEIF OGV_F

TUMEGEIF UFJFC^

SAUMR-MVS EFGUN@B @MN_F RNSA OIVSOA HVII^ F@BGBFC

g. Njprmpfr gclustjf`t

g. Gclust in`kgbf

e. Sarmw -mut efgrn`b en`cn`b m` trg`sjnssnm` efgrn`b rftgn`fr

e. Oifg`, rfiuernogtf, oafok hmr eurrs, `noks, fto.

o. N`suonf`t tf`snm` eftwff` hmrk g`c egii stuc

o. Ufpigof hmrk

c. Hmrk njprmpfriy n`stgiifc

c. N`stgii prmpfriy

f. Rfgk in`kgbf rftur` sprn`b

f. Ufpigof sprn`b

@MN_^

g. Rmr` tarmw -mut efgrn`b

g. Ufpigof efgrn`b

e. Hmrk m egii stuc (Afgvy oinokn`b)

e. N`stgii prmpfriy

TFCGI _SG^_ M@ HIMMU RAF@ CN_F@BGBFC g. En`c n` in`kgbf

g. Iuernogtf g`c hrff up in`kgbf

e. _prn`b wfgk n` prfssurf pigtf

e. Ufpigof

o. Rfgk in`kgbf rftur` sprn`b

o. Ufpigof

ANBA TFCGI FHHMUS

g. En`c n` in`kgbf

g. Iuernogtf g`c hrff up in`kgbf

e. Oiutoa cnso

e. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso

OIVSOA HGON@B_ RMU@ @FGU UNXFS_

g. Njprmpfr oiutoa pfcgi igsa–`mrjgi wfgr

g. Ufpigof oiutoa cnso gssfjeiy mìy, g`c gclust oiutoa pfcgi

TUF__VUF TIGSF G__FJ. HUNOSNM@ _VUHGOF EGCI^ _OMUFC MU UMVBA

g. Njprmpfr oiutoa pfcgi igsa ogusn`b prfssurf pigtf tm om jf n` om`tgot wnta rnvfts

g. Nh rmuba`fss og` ef sjmmtafc wnta `f fjfry oimta, cm `mt rfpigof prfssurf pigtf gssfjeiy; nh nt og``mt, rfpigof taf prfssurf pigtf g`c oiutoa cnso gssfjeiy. Gclust oiutoa

AFGS-EIVFC OIVSOA CN_O G@C TUF__VUF TIGSF G__FJEI^

g. Njprmpfr pfcgi igsa

g. Ufpigof mìy oiutoa cnso, g`c gclust pfcgi igsa

BUGE G@C OAGSSFU RNSA MNI TUF_F@S M@ OIVSOA G__FJEI^

g. Mni ifgk

g. Omrrfot mni ifgkgbf. Oifg` prfssurf pigtf n` smivf`t, rfpigof oiutoa cnso g`c gclust pfcgi igsa

1.9L Opel Manual Transmission, Clutches, and Shift Linkages

Recommend Documents