SpaCf¡ Structures
(1985) (1985) 79-9
Expanda Expandable ble Spac Spac Stru Struct ctur ures es Felix
Escrig
Escuela Escuela Técnica Técnica Superior Superior de Arquitec Arquitectura tura de Sevi Sevill lla, a, Ada Reina Reina Merced Mercedes es s/n, Sevi Sevill ll 4101 41012, 2, Spain Spain (Received: 11 October, 1984) Abstract: Expandable spac spac stru struct ctur ures es ar of great great valu valu in situat situation ion wher primary primary functi functiona ona require requirement ment inel inelud ud tran transp spor orta tabi bili lity ty and eas of erec erecti tion on family of expandable expandable space space struct structure ure are desc descri ribe be in th pres presen en paper, paper, wher wher their practical practical applicat applications ions and construct constructiona iona aspect aspect aswel as theirgeometri theirgeometri and statica analyses analyses are discus discussed sed
1. Intr Introd oduc ucti tion on aplane assembly, is
Le
composed of defonnable by pushi pushing ng or pull pullin in from from the ends, ends, whil whil shap shap ch th he th length length decre decrease ase and ic vers vers Fi 2) called ed mech mechan anis ism, m, is call In tech techni nica ca lite litera ratu ture re with with us as structu structure re bein bein restr restrict icted ed becaus becaus of it mobi mobili lity ty whic whic make make it unab unable le to carr carr load loads. s. Bu le supp suppos os that that ea of an addi additi tion onal al bar or fix th height or the length supports supports length (Fig (Fig and 4). Then this this asse assemb mbly ly woul woul be able able to resi resist st load loads. s.
Fig.3.
--..:L=--
Fig.4.
Fig.l.
2.
Genera Generation tion of basic basic struct structure ure 1. Le
us
of two
assemblies, as perp perpen en dicu dicula la to on anothe anothe Ifw defo deform rm one them th other other will tak th same same defonnat defonnation ion of them an to chan change ge th heig height ht to expa expand nd contract the coup couple, le, or contract maki making ng se of this this propert property, y, let us carr carr on of these
H'
Fig.2.
79
Space Structures Structures 0266-3511/85/$03·30
Elsevie Applied Scienc Scienc Publish Publishers ers Ud England, 1985. Printed in Northem Ireland Ireland
Expandable spac struct structure ure
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.JH
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YJg.12.
Fig.l0.
Fig.13.
Fig.ll.
we obtain
structure such such as those those shown shown in Figs 11, 12 and degree ee of expansiono 13 at thre degr By comb combin inin in elem elemen ents ts li el as repr repres esen ente te an in th plexity of this this conf config igur urat atio ion, n, we c re re a structur structures es such such as those those show show in Figs 15-17 in three differ different ent state states. s. By ombi ombini ni leme leme ts as structures suc as shown in Fígs 19-21.
Fig.14.
Expandable space struct structure ure
83
Hg 21.
Hg 22.
Fig.19.
Hg 23.
Fig.24.
Fig.20.
Fig.25.
Expandable space space struct structure ure
85
Fig.35.
(d
th
on
of
crosses as
discus discussed sed aboye (Fig (Fig 32-35). 32-35). general generalize ize io more irregu irregular lar case cases. s. 4.
Practica applications applications
Possibilities of de ig from from pattems pattems desc descri ribe be abov abov
. - - · . · . · - - . - - - .. - 0 · - - - · - · · · - - - - · · · · · .
Fig.37.
examples. Figure 36 show show hexa hexago gona na expao expaoda dable ble umbr umbrell ell wit triang triangula ula modula modulatio tio an suppor supported ted on centra centra masto
Figure 37 rectangu rectangular lar modula modulatio tio and suppor supported ted two sides sides Figure 38 show show an arc with with trian triangu gular lar m ~ u l a t i o o with with hiog hioges es at tw eods eods Figure 39 show show spheri spherical cal dome wit quadrila quadrilatera tera modulatio modulatio supporte supporte at four four comers comers Figure 40 er ec made with with bars bars the sam leog leogth th
Flg.38.
Flg.36.
Fig.39.
87
Expandable space space st struc ructu ture re
pora porati ting ng text textil il ic tied tied at uppe uppe or lowe lowe nodes, nodes, and this this be expand expanded ed an fold folded ed it th stru struct ctur ur to tense tense and cont contin inuo uous us surf surfac ace. e. This This cove cove will be used used to to th am an th strength of the whol whol struct structure ure is co e at at e ne on to other u nd nd e to ther therma ma in lati lation on an to io comfort (Fig (Fig 42). 42). Th ab over over arra arrang nged ed in as shown in to th which which stri string ng of length th inward inward (Fig (Fig 4)
Fig.43. Fig.41.
Figure 41 umbrel umbrella la suppor supported ted on slope slope for draina drainage. ge. 5.
entr entral al ma
Architectonical Architectonical aspects aspects
To be
ef in rc itec itecto to ca stru struct ctur ures es ma be crea create te mo able able tr ct ra induding creation of enclosures. many case case there there will be need need In many to
io
thes thes FIg.44.
urfa urface ce cove cove or wi in or
6.
Construction Constructional al aspects aspects
As in conven conventio tional nal spac spac struct structur ures, es, desi design gn of joints is the basi basi the whol whol designo ig 45-5 45-5 ho part partic icul ular ar solu soluti tion on used used in redu reduce ce an whil whil 61 conn connec ecti tion on betw betwee ee struts struts and joint joint elem elemen ents ts Another
Fig.42.
expandin expandin mechan mechanica ica devi device ces. s. Figu Figure re show three different solutions solutions moto moto of In Fig. 62 rew, rew, th move moveme ment nt of th oppo opposi site te join joints ts duri during ng expansion or folding. In Fig. 63 hydr hydrau auli li syst system em separ separate ate the opposi opposite te joint whil whilst st grav gravit it help help the reve revers rs proc proces ess. s. connec ecti ting ng distan distan join joints ts by means means In Fig. 64 rope conn of tens tensor or es th help the expa expans nsio iono no
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sa.mPnJJs a;J1Jds
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Expandable space space struct structure ure
91
Fig.66.
Fig.68.
Figure Figure
show show shear forc forc diag diagram ram with with
P¡sina (P
Figure Figure
Figure Figure MI
(PI
)n
show show axia axia forc forc diagr diagram am with with (PI (PI
show show bending bending moment diag diagra rams ms with with (PI
)n
)sina
)sina
NI
Fig.67.
(PI
)cosa
)cosa
Tors Torsio iona na ay grea grea impo import rtan ance ce particularly particularly in non-sy non-syrnm rnmetr etrica ica structures structures When strength of the fabr fabric ic cover cover is to be take int account, account, anal analys ysis is become become more compl complica icated ted
