164503_76638_RCT UPI

TEXT 1: OPTICAL FIBERS IN MEDICINE Just as optical fib!s "a# t!a$sfo!%& co%%u$icatio$' t"( a! also !#olutio$i)i$* %&ici$+ T"s ult!at"i$' ult!at"i$' fl,ibl fib!s fib!s "a# op$& a -i$&o-i$&o- i$to t" li#i$* tissus tissus of t" bo&(+ bo&(+ B( i$s!ti$* optical optical fib!s fib!s t"!ou* t"!ou*" " $atu!a $atu!all op$i$ op$i$*s *s o! s%all s%all i$cisi i$cisio$s o$s a$& t"!a& t"!a&i$* i$* t"% t"% alo$* alo$* t" bo&(.s bo&(.s stabl stablis" is"& & pat"pat"-a(s a(s''  p"(sicia$s ca$ loo/ i$to t" lu$*s' i$tsti$s' i$tsti$s' "a!t a$& ot"! a!as a!as t"at -! fo!%!l( fo!%!l( i$accssibl to t"%+ t"%+ T" basic fib!0optics s(st% is call& fib!scop' -"ic" co$sists of t-o bu$&ls of fib!s+ O$' t" illu%i$ati illu%i$ati$* $* bu$&l' bu$&l' ca!!is ca!!is li*"t to t" tissus+ tissus+ Is is coupl& coupl& to a "i*"0i$t$ "i*"0i$t$sit( sit( li*"t sou!c+ Li*"t $t!s t" co!s of t" "i*"0pu!it( silico$ *lass a$& t!a#ls alo$* t" fib!s+ A l$s at t" $& of t" bu$&l collcts t" li*"t a$& focuss it i$to t" ot"! bu$&l' t" i%a*i$* bu$&l+ Eac" fib! i$ t" bu$&l t!a$s%its o$l( a ti$( f!actio$ of  t" total i%a*+ T" !co$st!uct& i%a* ca$ b #i-& t"!ou*" a$ (pic o! &ispla(& o$ a tl#isio$ sc!$+ Du!i$* t" last fi# (a!s' i%p!o#& %t"o&s of fab!icati$* optical fib!s "a# l& to a !&uctio$ i$ fib!scop &ia%t! a$& a$ i$c!as i$ t" $u%b! of fib!s' -"ic" i$ tu!$ "as i$c!as& !solutio$+ Optical fib!s ca$ also b us& to &li#! las! li*"t+ B( us of las! ba%s' p"(sicia$s ca$ p!fo!% su!*!( i$si& t" bo&(' so%ti%s li%i$ati$* t" $& fo! i$#asi# p!oc&u!s i$ -"ic" "alt"( tissu %ust b cut t"!ou*" to !ac" t" sit of &isas+ Ma$( of t"s p!oc&u!s &o $ot !ui! a$st"sia a$& ca$ b  p!fo!%& i$ a p"(sicia$.s p"(sicia$.s offic+ offic+ T"s tc"$ius "a# "a# !&uc& t" !is/ a$& t" cost of %&ical ca!+ ca!+ 23ESTIONS: 1: 4"at is t" %ai$ topic of t" passa*5 A+ A !#olutio$ i$ co%%u$icatio$ B+ T" i$#$tio$ of optical fib!s C+ N- su!*ical tc"$ius D+ T" !ols of optical fib!s i$ %&ici$ 6: I$ li$ 6' t" aut"o! uss t" ,p!ssio$ "a# op$& a -i$&o- to i$&icat t"at t" us of optical fib!s A+ "as $abl& sci$tists to %a/ a%a)i$* &isco#!is B+ so%ti%s !ui!s a su!*ical i$cisio$ C+ allo-s &octo!s to s i$si& t" bo&( -it"out %a7o! su!*!( D+ "as b$ u$/$o-$ to t" *$!al public u$til uit !c$tl( 8: 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is closst i$ %a$i$* to t" -o!& fo!%!l(5 A+ P!#iousl( B+ Co%pltl( C+ 3suall(

D+ T"o!ticall(

9: T" -o!& t"% i$ li$ 9 !f!s to A+ optical fib!s B+ pat"-a(s C+ p"(sicia$s D+ ot"! a!as of t" bo&( : Acco!&i$* Acco!&i$* to t" passa*' -"at is t" pu!pos of t" illu%i$ati$* bu$&l i$ a fib!scop5 A+ To To ca!!( li*"t i$to t" bo&( B+ To collct a$& focus li*"t C+ To !co$st!uct i%a*s D+ To p!fo!% su!*!( i$si& t" bo&( ;: 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is closst i$ %a$i$* to t" -o!& co!s5 A+ Tips B+ C$t!s C+ Clust!s D+ Li$s <: Acco!&i$* Acco!&i$* to t" passa*' "o- &o t" fib!scops us& to&a( &iff! f!o% t"os us& i$ fi# (a!s a*o5 A+ T"( us b!i*"t! li*"t B+ T"( a! lo$*!  C+ T"( co$tai$ %o! fib!s D+ T"( a! la!*! i$ &ia%t!  =: T" -o!& !solutio$ is closst i$ %a$i$* to -"ic" of t" follo-i$*5 A+ St!$*t" B+ S"a!p$ss C+ I$co$#$i$c D+ Effici$c( >: 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is NOT %$tio$& b( t" aut"o! as o$ of t" a&#a$ta*s of las! su!*!( tc"$ius5

A+ T"( ca$ b p!fo!%& i$ a p"(sicia$?s offic+ B+ T"( a! saf! t"a$ co$#$tio$al su!*!(+ C+ T"( ca$ oft$ b p!fo!%& -it"out a$st"sia+ D+ T"( a! !lati#l( as( to tac" to p"(sicia$s 1@: 4"! i$ t" passa* &os t" aut"o! p!o#i& a basic &sc!iptio$ of a fib!scop5 A+ Li$s 106 B+ Li$  C+ Li$ > D+ Li$ 16 TEXT 6: ALICE 4ALER  Alic 4al/! "as -!itt$ boo/s of pot!( a$& s"o!t sto!is' a bio*!ap"(' a$& s#!al $o#ls+ S" is p!obabl( bst /$o-$ fo! "! $o#l T" Colo! Pu!pl' publis"& i $ 1>=6+ T" boo/ #i#i&l( $a!!ats t" !ic"$ss a$& co%pl,it( of blac/ popl0 spciall( blac/ -o%$  i$ o!*ia i$ t" 1>6@s a$& 1>8@s+ Alt"ou*" t" $o#l ca% u$&!   bitt! attac/ b( c!tai$ c!itics a$& !a&!s' it -as applau&& b( ot"!s a$& -o$ bot" t" A%!ica$ Boo/ A-a!& a$& t" Pulit)! P!i) fo! fictio$+ It bca% a bst sll!' slli$* o#! 9 %illio$ copis' a$& it -as %a& i$to a succssful fil% b( $ot& &i!cto! St#$ Spilb!*+ T" $o#l !#als t" "o!!o!' &!u&*!(' a$& 7o( of blac/ lif i$ !u!al o!*ia+ It *ts %uc" of its spcial fla#o! !oo% its us of t" -o!&s' !"(t"%' blac/ E$*lis" a$& f!o% its pistola!( st(l+ Tlli$* a sto!( t"!ou*" ltt!s -as a $a!!ati# st!uctu! co%%o$l( us& b( i*"t$t"0c$tu!( $o#lists' but it is $ot oft$ us& i$ co$t%po!a!( fictio$+ 3$li/ %ost pistola!( $o#ls' -"ic" "a# t" ffct of  &ista$ci$* t" !a&! f!o% t" #$ts &sc!ib& b( t" ltt! -!it!+ T" Colo! Pu!pl uss t" ltt! fo!% to &!at" !a&! i$to absolut i$ti%ac( -it" t" poo! u$&ucat&' but -o$&!full( obs!#a$t Cli' t" %ai$ c"a!act!  of t" $o#l+ So t" !a&! applau&s -"$ Cli &os $ot si%pl( su!#i#' bu! p!#ails+ 11+4"at is t" passa* %ai$l( about 5 AT" lif of Alic 4al/!  BA fil% b( St#$ Spilb!* C A boo/ b( Alic 4al/! a$& !actio$s to it+ DT" p!so$ -"o fou$&& t" Pulit)! P!i)+ 16+Acco!&i$* to t" passa*' T" Colo! Pu!pl is a boo/ of  APot!( B C!iticis% C Fictio$ D Bio*!ap"( 18+ 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is closst i$ %a$i$* t o t" -o!& &!u&*!( 5 A a!& -o!/ B Cultu! C Lo$li$ss D 3$iu$ss 19+T" aut"o! %$tio$s i*"t$t"0c$tu!( $o#lists bcaus A t"i! $o#ls "a# a s$s of absolut i$ti%ac( A T" Colo! Pu!pl is bas& o$ piso&s i$ t"i! boo/s B t"i! boo/s' li/ T" Colo! Pu!pl' %a& us of t" pistola!( st(l D t"i! boo/s -! also attac/& b( c!itics+ 1+T" attitu& of t" aut"o! to-a!& T" Colo! Pu!pl is bst &sc!ib& as o$ of  A a&%i!atio$ B ala!% C i$&iff!$c D a*!%$t

1;+ T" -o!& p!#ails %a$s ++++ TRI3MPSGt!iu%p"s 1<+ T" -o!& #i#i&l( %a$s ++++picto!iall( 1=+ T" -o!& #i#i&l( %a$s ++++picto!iall(

TEXT 8: COLORIN SHSTEM OF PLANTS Ma$( flo-!i$* pla$ts -oo i$sct polli$ato!s a$& *$tl( &i!ct t"% to t"i! %ost f!til blosso%s b( c"a$*i$* t" colo! of i$&i#i&ual flo-!s f!o% &a( to &a(+ T"!ou*" colo! cus' t" pla$t si*$als to t" i$sct t"at it -oul& b btt! off #isiti$* o$ flo-! o$ its bus" t"a$ a$ot"!+ T" pa!ticula! "u tlls t" polli$ato! t"at t" flo-! is full of fa! %o! poll$ t"a$ a! $i*"bo!i$* bloo%s+ T"at $cta!0!ic" flo-! also "app$s to b f!til a$& !a&( to &isp!s its poll$ o! to !ci# poll$ t" i$sct "as pic/& up f!o% a$ot"! flo-!+ Pla$ts &o $ot

"a# to sp$& p!cious !sou!cs %ai$tai$i$* !s!#oi!s of $cta! i$ all t"i! flo-!s+ T"us' t" colo!0co&& co%%u$icatio$ s(st% b$fits bot" pla$ts a$& i$scts+ Fo! ,a%pl' o$ t" la$ta$a pla$t' a flo-! sta!ts out o$ t" fi!st &a( as (llo-' -"$ it is !ic" -it"  poll$ a$& $cta!+ I$flu$c& b( a$ as0(t0u$i&$tifi& $#i!o$%$tal si*$al' t" flo-! c"a$*s colo! b( t!i**!i$* t" p!o&uctio$ of t" pi*%$t a$t"!o%(aci$+ It tu!$s o!a$* o$ t" sco$& &a( a$& !& o$ t" t"i!&+ B( t" t"i!& &a(' it "as $o poll$ to off! i$scts a$& is $o lo$*! f!til+ O$ a$( *i#$ la$ta$a bus"' o$l( 1@ to 1  p! c$t of t" blosso%s a! li/l( to b (llo- a$& f!til+ But i$ tsts %asu!i$* t" !spo$si#$ss of   butt!flis' it -as &isco#!& t"at t" i$scts #isit& t" (llo- flo-!s at last 1@@ ti%s %o! t"a$ -oul& b ,pct& f!o% "ap"a)a!& #isitatio$+ E,p!i%$ts -it" pap! flo-!s &%o$st!at& t"at t" butt!flis -! !spo$&i$* to colo! cus !at"! t"a$' sa(' t" sc$t of t" $cta!+ I$ ot"! t(ps of pla$ts' blosso%s c"a$* f!o% -"it to !&' ot"!s f!o% (llo- to !&' a$& so o$+ T"s colo! c"a$*s "a# b$ obs!#& i$ so% <9 fa%ilis of pla$ts

81: T" fi!st pa!a*!ap" of t" passa* i%plis t"at i$scts b$fit f!o% t" colo!0co&& co%%u$icatio$ s(st%  bcaus++ A+ t" colo!s "i& t"% f!o% p!&ato!s+ B+ ot"! i$sct spcis ca$$ot u$&!sta$& t" co&+ C+ t" b!i*"t colo!s att!act f!til f%als D+ t"( ca$ *at"! poll$ ffici$tl(+ 86: T" -o!& -ooK is closst i$ %a$i$* to A+ &ci# B+ att!act

C+ f!i*"t$

D+ T!ap

88: T" -o!& itK !f!s to A+ a blosso% B+ a$ i$sct

C+ a si*$al

D+ a pla$t

89: 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* &sc!ibs t" su$c of colo! c"a$*s t"at la$ta$a blosso% u$&!*o5 A+ Hllo- to o!a$* to !& B+ R& to (llo- to -"it C+ R& to pu!pl D+ 4"it to !& 8: T" -o!& t!i**!K is closst i$ %a$i$* to A+ %ai$tai$i$* B+ li%iti$* C+ acti#ati$*

D+ R$-i$*

8;: T" passa* i%plis t"at i$scts -oul& b %ost att!act& to la$ta$a blosso%s A+ o$ t" fi!st &a( t"at t"( bloo% B+ o$ t" t"i!& &a( t"at t"( bloo% C+ aft! t"( p!o&uc a$t"!o%(aci$ D+ -"$ t"( tu!$ o!a$* 8<: Acco!&i$* to t" passa*' -"at is t" pu!pos of t" ,p!i%$ts i$#ol#i$* pap! flo-!s a$&  pai$t& flo-!s5 A+ To p!o# t"at flo-!s &o $ot al-a(s $& poll$ to !p!o&uc+ B+ To &%o$st!at "o- i$scts c"a$* colo! &p$&i$* o$ t" t(p of flo-!s t"( #isit+ C+ To suppo!t t" i&a t"at i$scts !spo$& to t" c"a$*i$* colo! of flo-!s+ D+ To st!$*t"$ t" i&a t"at butt!flis a! att!act& b( t" s%ll of flo-!s+ 8=: T" -o!& "ap"a)a!&K is closst i$ %a$i$* to -"ic" of t" follo-i$*5 A+ Da$*!ous B+ Ra$&o% C+ Fo!tu$at 8>: 4"at is /$o-$ f!o% t" passa* about t" ot"! t(ps of pla$ts5 A+ T"( "a# $ot b$ stu&i& as t"o!ou*"l( as t" la$ta$a+ B+ T"( "a# ,actl( t" sa% pi*%$ts as t" la$ta$a+ C+ T"( follo- #a!ious su$cs of colo! c"a$*s+ D+ T"( us sc$t a$& ot"! %t"o&s of att!acti$* polli$ato!s+

D+ E,pct&

9@: Acco!&i$* to t" passa*' i$ app!o,i%atl( "o- %a$( fa%ilis of pla$ts "as t" colo!0c"a$*i$* p"$o%$o$ &sc!ib& i$ t" passa* b$ obs!#&5 A+ 1@@ B+ 1 C+ <9 D+ 1@ TEXT 9: POST MODERNIST B3ILDIN

TEXT : AMERICAN COMM3NAL PILOSOPERS 4"il %a$( $i$t$t"c$tu!( !fo!%!s "op& to b!i$* about !fo!% t"!ou*" &ucatio$ o! b( li%i$ati$* spcific social #ils' so% t"i$/!s -a$t& to sta!t o#! a$& !%a!/ socit( b( fou$&i$* i&al' coop!ati# co%%u$itis+ T" 3$it& Stats s%& to t"% a spacious a$& u$$cu%b!& cou$t!( -"! %o&ls of a p!fct socit( coul& succ&+ T"s co%%u$ita!ia$ t"i$/!s "op& t"i! succss -oul& la& to i%itatio$' u$til co%%u$itis f! of c!i%' po#!t(' a$& ot"! social ills -oul& co#! t" la$&+ A $u%b! of !li*ious *!oups' $otabl( t" S"a/!s' p!actic& co%%u$al li#i$*' but t" %ai$ i%ptus to fou$& %o&l co%%u$itis ca% f!o% $o$!li*ious' !atio$alistic t"i$/!s+ A%o$* t" co%%u$ita!ia$ p"ilosop"!s' t"! of t" %ost i$flu$tial -! Rob!t O-$' C"a!ls Fou!i!' a$& Jo"$ u%p"!( No(s+ O-$' fa%ous fo! "is "u%a$ita!ia$ policis as o-$! of s#!al t"!i#i$* t,til %ills i$ Scotla$&' bli#& t"at fault( $#i!o$%$t -as to bla% fo! "u%a$ p!obl%s a$& t"at t"s  p!obl%s coul& b li%i$at& i$ a !atio$all( pla$$& socit(+ I$ 1=6' " put "is p!i$cipls i$to p!actic at Na!%o$(' I$&ia$a+ T" co%%u$it( fail& co$o%icall( aft! a f- (a!s but $ot bfo! ac"i#i$* a $u%b! of

social succsss+ Fou!i!' a co%%!cial %plo( i$ F!a$c' $#! #isit& t" 3$it& Stats+ o-#!' "is t"o!is of coop!ati# li#i$* i $flu$c& %a$( A%!ica$ t"!ou*" t" -!iti$*s of Alb!t B!isba$' -"os Social Dsti$( of Ma$ ,plai$& Fou!i!is% a$& its slf0suffici$t associatio$s o! p"ala$,sK+ O$ o! %o! of t"s  p"ala$,s -as o!*a$i)& i$ #!( No!t"!$ stat+ T" %ost fa%ous -! R& Ba$/' N- J!s(' a$& B!oo/ Fa!%' Massac"ustts+ A$ a!l( %%b! of t" latt! -as t" aut"o! Nat"a$il a-t"o!$+ No(s fou$&& t" %ost $&u!i$* a$& p!obabl( t" o&&st of t" utopia$ co%%u$itis' t" O$i&a Co%%u$it( of upstat N- Ho!/+  N&lss to sa(' $o$ of t"s ,p!i%$ts "a& a$( lasti$* ffcts o$ t" patt!$s of A%!ica$ socit(+ 1+ T" %ai$ topic of t" passa* is++ A+ $i$t$0c$tu!( sc"ools+ B+ A%!ica$ !fo!%!s C+ t" p"ilosop"( of Fou!i!is% D+ %o&l co%%u$itis i$ t" $i$t$t"+ 6+ 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is $ot *i#$ i$ t" passa* as o$ of t" *$!al *oals of co%%u$ita!ia$  p"ilosop"!s5 A+ To !%a/ socit( B+ To sp!a& t"i! i&as t"!ou*"out t" 3$it& Stat C+ To stablis" i&al co%%u$itis D+ To c!at oppo!tu$itis t"!ou*" &ucatio$+ 8+ T" S"a/!s a! %$tio$& i$ pa!a*!ap" 1 as a$ ,a%pl of+ A+ a co%%u$al !li*ious *!oup B+ !a&ical !fo!%!s C+ !atio$alistic t"i$/!s D+ a$ i$flu$tial *!oup of -!it!s+ 9+ 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* is closst i$ %a$i$* t o t" -o!& i%ptus i$ pa!a*!ap" 15 A+ Sti%ulus  B+ co%%it%$t C+ D!a-bac/ D+ Fou$&atio$+ + T" p"ala$,sK &sc!ib& i$ pa!a*!ap" 6 -! a$ i&a o!i*i$all( co$ci#& b(+ A+ Alb!t B!isba$ B+ Rob!t O-$ C+ C"a!ls Fou!i! D+ Jo"$ u%p"!( No(s ;+ 4"( &os t" aut"o! %$tio$ Nat"a$il a-t"o!$ i$ pa!a*!ap" t-o5 A+  fou$&& B!oo/ Fa!% i$ Massac"ustts+ B+  -as a c!itic of C"a!ls Fou!i!+ C+  -!ot a boo/ t"at l& to t" stablis"%$t of %o&l co%%u$itis+ D+  -as at o$ ti% a %%b! of t" B!oo/ Fa!% co%%u$it(+ <+ 4"ic" of t" follo-i$* co%%u$itis last& lo$*st5 A+ N- a!%o$( B+ T" O$i&a Co%%u$it( C+ R& Ba$/ D+ B!oo/ Fa!% =+ T" -o!& o&&st i$ pa!a*!ap" 6 is closst %a$i$* to -"ic" of t" follo-i$*5 A+ Ea!list B+ Most i$&p$&$t C+ La!*st D+ Most u$usual >+ T" aut"o! i%plis t"at' fo! !a&!s' t" co$clusio$ of t" pa!a*!ap" is++++++++++ A+ ob#ious B+ su!p!isi$* C+ absu!& D+ p!actical 1@+ 4"( &i& t" aut"o! p!obabl( &i#i& t" passa* i$to t-o pa!a*!ap"s5 A+ To co%pa! $i$t$t"0c$tu!( !fo!%s -it" t-$tit"0c$tu!( !fo!%s+ B+ To p!s$t a$ o#!#i- of a co$cpt i $ t" fi!st pa!a*!ap" a$& spcific ,a%pls i$ t" sco$&+ C+ To co$t!ast t" -o!/ of utopia$ t"i$/!s -it" t"at of p!actical !fo!%s+ D+ To *i# t" causs fo! a p"$o%$o$ i$ t" fi!st pa!a*!ap" a$& its co$su$cs i$ t" sco$& +