Counselling

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Introduction





















































Definitions of Counselling Webster’s Dictionary

Counseling is consultation, mutual interchange of opinions, deliberating together.”



























According to , James Michael Lee and Nathaniel J. Pattan

Counselling is a relationship between two persons in which one of them attempts to assist the other in so organizing himself as



























According to Carl Rogers

A series of direct contacts with individual which aims to offer him assistant in changing his attitude and behavior





























Willy and Andrew Counseling is mental learning process. It involves two individuals – one seeking help and





















































INFORMAL COUNSELING Important counseling is done by elders for years without any training, but is done better when some training is given to the counselor.



























Non-Specialist Counseling It is the counseling, which is done as part of the work of professional people such as Nurses, Doctors.



























PROFESSIONAL COUNSELING

It is given by fully trained professional person usually known as counselor. This training should consist of a master’s or a Ph.D. in Psychology or guidance and counseling with several years of supervised work in











































































































DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COUNSELLING & HEALTH



























COUNSELING AND MOTIVATION







































































































































































































































































































































































RAPPORT





















































UNDERSTANDING



























CHANGE IN EXPRESSIONS:

FEELINGS

AND



























PLANNING OF COUNSELING INTERVIEW





























PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

According to Hann and Maclean: • It is strongly dedicated to self-direction and selfrealization of the client or the student.



























• Let the client make voluntary informed decision.



























CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELLING

According to, E.W. Failer • It concentrates on the normal individual.





















































ACTIVE LISTENING





























Reflecting.















































































SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING



























EMPATHY







































































































































































































































































































































































2. Non-Directive Counseling

•

Assumption of non-directive counselling according to Carl R. Roger.

•

Man has dignity, so he is trustworthy. The client has the right to select the goal of his life.



























Steps of Non-Directive Counselling • Defining problematic situation • Free expression of feelings. • Positive and negative feelings classified. • Development of insight. Termination of Counselling situation.



























ADVANTAGE OF COUNSELLING

NON-DIRECTIVE

• It is slow but sure process to make the individual capable of making adjustment. • No tests are used in it and thus one avoids all that is laborious and difficult.



























Limitations of Non-Directive Counselling

• Slow and time consuming process. • The counsellor is expected to exercise excessive patience.



























3. Eclectic Counselling

Eclectic counselling defined as the synthesis and combination of directive and non-directive counselling. The counsellor first takes into consideration the personality and needs of the counselling. Assumption of Eclectic Counselling

It is possible to maintain a continuum from non-directive to directive method.





























Steps of Eclectic Counselling

• Making a tentative diagnosis. • Analysis of the problem. • Preparation of a tentative plan for modifying factors.



























Limitations of Eclectic Counselling



























Types of Counselling

According to Humler of Persons



























Tools and techniques used for individual counselling. • Standardized tools/techniques • Intelligence, Achievement, Aptitude,



























GROUP COUNSELLING























































Phase 5





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































APPLICATIONS OF COUNSELLING



























NURSING



























Employee counselling ounselling helps improve employee’s mental health, thus enhancin understanding,, self-control understanding self-confidence and consequently their ability to work effectively improves upward and downward communication allows employees to express their feelings to managemen managementt individual individu al homes must be kept confidential rective counselling occurs when counsellor listens to employee’s pr ↓ decides how to solve the problems



























• Outplacement counselling • Outplacement counselling can be used to minimize the emotional and professional scarring that results from being dismissed from one’s position.



























Student counselling

• Adjustment – Counselling Crisis – Counselling























































VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING





















































INTERPERSONAL COUNSELLING



























BEREAVEMENT COUNELLING





























PROBLEM SOLVING















































































PSYCHOLOGICAL





































































































Counselling

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