A CTIVE CTIVE o/m, s, s, t,t, mu mus, titis, nt ba+ bö+/am+
PRESENT IMPERF FUTURE
P AS ASSIV SIVEE r, ris, tu tur, mu mur, mi minï, nt ntur ba+ bo+/ar+
bö, bis bö, bis,, bit bit,, bim bimus us,, bit bitis is,, bun buntt am, ës, et, ëmus, ëtis, ent
borr, ber bo beris is,, bit bitur ur,, bim bimur ur,, bim bimin inï,ï, bu bunt ntur ur ar, ëris, ëtur, ëmur, ëminï, entur
ppp + sum sum PERFECT ï, ist istï,ï, it, imu imus, s, ist istis, is, ëru ërunt nt eram PLUPERF eram, eräs, erat, erämus, erätis, erant ppp + eram ppp + erö erö FUT PERF erö, eris, erimus, eritis, erint nom sing
gen sing
dat sing
acc sing
abl sing
nom pl
gen pl
dat pl
acc pl
abl pl
1st f
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-ä
-ae
-ärum -ä
-ïs
-äs
-ïs
2nd m
-us/-er
-ï
-ö
-um
-ö
-ï
-örum
-ïs -ï
-ös
-ïs
2nd n
-um
-ï
-ö
-um
-ö
-a
-örum -ö
-ïs
-a
-ïs
3rd mf
(var)
-is
-ï
-em
-ës -um/-ium -ibus
-ës
-ibus
3rd n
(var)
-is
-ï
(nom)
-e/-ï
-a/-ia -um/-ium -ibus
-a/-ia
-ibus
4th m
us
üs
uï
um
ü
üs
uum
ibus
üs
ibus
4th n
ü
üs
ü
ü
ü
ua
uum uu
ibus
ua
ibus
5th f
ës
eï
eï
em
ë
ës
ërum
ëbus
ës
ëbus
-e/-ï (adj) (adj)
Person P ersonal al prono pronouns uns singular singular plural singular singu lar plural sing/plur sing/ plur
nominative ego I we nös we nös tü you tü you you vös you vös
genitive meï of me nostrï of us tuï of you vestrï of you suï
dative mihi to/for me nöbïs to/for us tibi to/for you vöbïs to/for you sibi
accusative më me nös us të you të you you vös you vös së
ablative më by me nöbïs by us të by you vöbïs by you së
of him him/he /her/t r/them hemsel selves v es
to/for to/ for him/her m /her/th /thems emselv elves es
him/her/ m /her/the thems mselv elves es
by him him/he /her/t r/them hemse selve lvess
Modern English uses the same forms - ‘you’ - for singular and plural; Latin has separate forms. së has the same forms for singular and plural. së has no nominative since it is only used to refer back to the subject of the verb (see below). ego,, tü ego tü,, nös nös,, vös are used in the nominative only for emphasis, e.g. ego labörö, tü lüdis I am working, working, you are playing. playing. nös festïnämus, vös lentë ambulätis We are hurrying, you are going slowly. Personal pronouns can he used reflexively, i.e. referring back to the subject of the verb, e.g. ego më lavö I wash myself je me lave tü të laväs you wash wash yourself yourself tu te laves ille së lavat he washes himself il se lave nös nös lavämus we wash oursel ourselves ves nous nous lavons vös vös lavät lavätis is you wash wash yourselves yourselves vous vous vous lavez lavez illï së lavant they wash themselves ils se lavent Note that although Latin says më lavö (‘I wash myself), in English we can say simply ‘I wash’. So also Scintilla së parat (‘Scintilla prepares herself), but we usually say ‘prepares’, ‘gets ready’. And pater së vertit (‘father turns himself’), where we usually say ‘turns’. In Latin such transitive verbs (i.e. verbs requiring an object) usually have the reflexive pronoun as the object where English can use the verb intransitively (i.e. without any object).
Demonstra Demo nstrative tive pron pronouns ouns is he, ea she, id it; that. Endings prefixed by e. Bold Bold varies varies from standard standard endings endings.. sing. male male sing. female female sing. neuter neuter plur. male male plur. female female nom is ea id eï eae eius eius eius eörum eärum gen dat eï eï eï eïs eïs eum eam eös eäs acc id abl eö eä eö eïs eïs
plur. neuter neuter ea eörum eïs ea eïs
ille he, illa she, illud it; that. Endings prefixed by ill by ill.. Bold Bold varie variess from from standar standardd endings endings.. sing. male male sing. female female sing. neuter neuter plur. male male plur. female female plur. neuter neuter ille illa illud illï illae illa nom gen illïus illïus illïus illörum illärum illörum illïs illïs illïs dat illï illï illï acc illum illam illud illös illäs illa abl illö illä illö illïs illïs illïs hic,, haec hic haec,, hoc this (here). Endings prefixed by h by h. Bold Bold varies varies from standard standard endings endings.. sing. male male sing. female female sing. neuter neuter plur. male male plur. female female plur. neuter neuter nom hic haec hoc hï hae haec huïus huïus huïus hörum härum hörum gen dat huic huic huic hïs hïs hïs acc hunc hanc hoc hös häs haec höc häc höc hïs hïs hïs abl ipse,, ipsa ipse ipsa,, ipsum self (emphasizing, e.g. Flaccus ipse Flaccus himself; Horätia ipsa Horatia herself; eö ipsö tempore at that very time). Endings prefixed by ips by ips.. Bold Bold varies varies from standar standardd endings. endings. sing. male male sing. female female sing. neuter neuter plur. male male plur. female female plur. neuter neuter ipse ipsa ipsum ipsï ipsae ipsa nom gen ipsïus ipsïus ipsïus ipsörum ipsärum ipsörum ipsïs ipsïs ipsïs dat ipsï ipsï ipsï acc ipsum ipsam ipsum ipsös ipsäs ipsa abl ipsö ipsä ipsö ipsïs ipsïs ipsïs
