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GMMMAR
ELEMENTARY
OP
THE LATIN LANGUAGE, WITH A SERIES OF
LATIN AND ENGLISH EXERCISES FOR TRANSLATION AND A COLLECTION OF LATIN READING LESSONS, WITH THE REQUISITE VOCABULARIES.
DR.
RAPHAEL KUHNER, CONRECTOR OF THE LYCEUM, HANOVKK.
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN
J.
T.
CHAMPLIN,
PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND LATIN
IN
WATERVILLE COLLEGE.
BOSTON: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY. 1845.
Entered according
to
Act of Congress, in the year 1845, by
J.
T. Champlin,
in the Clerk's Office of the District
Court of Maine.
ANDOVER: ALLEN, MORRILL AND WARDWELL, PRINTERS.
PREFACE The
unrivalled reputation of KiJhner as a grammarian in both
the Greek and Latin languages, renders
it
unnecessary that any
apology should be made for presenting to the American public the following translation of his Elementary Latin its,
before
made
Known
to
Grammar.
His mer-
a few of our riper scholars, have lately been
Greek
familiar to all through the excellent translation of his
School
Grammar by Messrs. Edwards and
Taylor.
understood
It is
same gentlemen have in preparation his Elementary Greek Grammar. It seemed but proper, therefore, that a beginning should be made towards bringing before the public some of the results of his gramalso, that the
matical labors (equally profound and ingenious) in the Latin lan-
And
guage. state of
no one,
it
Latin learning
is
to
among
be presumed, who duly considers the us, will
deem it improper that a begintreatise. The publication,
ning has been made with an elementary
within a few years past, of a translation of Krebs' Guide for Writ-
new and enlarged edition of Beck's Latin Syntax, much towards supplying American students with the gram-
ing Latin and a
has done
But with the exby Dr. Sears, which, admirably adapted
matical helps for studying the language critically. ception of the Ciceronian as
it is
to its purpose, is not
designed to supply the place of a gram-
mar, nothing of importance has been pubhshed during this period to supply the deficiencies for elementary instruction.
There
is
needed then, more
especially,
an elementary work on
Latin Grammar, which shall give a right start to our scholars and put them in possession of the essential principles of the language in the shortest and most effectual way. ed, the present will it,
be found to be.
without being impressed with
its
Such a grammar,
No
it is
one can take a
believ-
class
over
admirable order, precision and
adaptedness to the purposes of elementary instruction.
The
pupil
PREFACE.
IV
most happy arrangement of
will here find the
way
parts.,
each preparing
and most philosophical statement of principles, and every expedient resorted to, which genius and skill could invent, to aid the understanding and the memory. the
While
for the following, the simplest
does not profess to embrace every minute principle of the
it
language,
it
preseijf s
a selection of principles so judiciously made, so
comprehensively stated that
it
will
be found
and so extended
to contain quite as
withal, that
many
in reading the strictly classical writers of Latin, as
extended grammars
;
enough
certainly
to
The
believed,
many much more
meet the demands of
nary students in the usual course of preparation for plan of the work, as given by the author,
Every grammatical form
it is
principles, applicable
is
ordi-
college.
briefly as follows.
or principle of syntax, as soon as learned,
is to
be rendered practical and fixed in the mind, by translations
first
from the Latin into the English, and then from the English into
To
the Latin. tion,
prepare the pupil for these exercises in transla-
such forms of the verb as are requisite for constructing the sim-
and a few simple rules of syn-
plest sentences are given at the outset,
tax as they are required, while on almost every page, definitions are given to
words with their
most of which,
also,
translation as possible,
were
of Latin
are collected and arranged in alphabetical
As many
cabularies at the end of the book.
ers
lists
be committed to memory,
Vo-
of the examples for
were selected unaltered from the classics, othwhich they were em-
slightly altered to suit the cases for
ployed, and the remainder composed to
embody
English
classical ideas
may
by the author, yet always so as and turns of thought. The examples in
be translated into Latin, either viva voce or by writing,
at the discretion of the teacher.
The
translation here presented
original work, published in 1844. tion, the translator
lation of the
first
were found
to
He
;
is
from the second edition of the
Previously to receiving this edi-
had completed, within a few pages, the entire transbut on comparing the two editions, the alterations
be so great as
abandoned, therefore, his
to
make
the last almost a
first translation,
Although work a few months, no one,
the second edition de novo.
this
tion of the
it is
when he
reflects, that
ter book,
he
is
new work.
and commenced with
has delayed the publica-
presumed, will regret it,
thereby put in possession of a vastly bet-
and probably of a somewhat
better translation.
the interval between the publication of the
first
and second
During editions,
y
PREFACE. the author had prepared a larger Latin
Grammar and been
ployed in teaching his elementary work,
making very important changes
in
cess, the
book has been brought
which
here appears.
is
it
designed to contain
Besides all that
all
daily emwhich prepared him for
a second
By
edition.
this pro-
to the high state of perfection in its
general office as a grammar,
the pupil will need during the
it
first
year or more of his study of the language, serving as grammar, read-
The adaptedness of such a book
ing-book and lexicon.
of beginners, the experienced teacher will not
fail to
to the
wants
perceive.
should be stated, however, that while the translation has
It
been made from the second edition throughout, the translator has taken the hberty to introduce a few remarks and paragraphs (in one or two instances with slight modifications) from the first edition, which had been omitted in the second, apparently, because they were considered more appropriate to the author's larger grammar to which this
was
sition
to serve exclusively as
which the book
will
The
an introduction.
occupy in
this
different po-
country rendered
it
proper
that these should be retained in the translation, even though, in one
or two instances, they
may
appear a
Jittle
For the same
eral plan of the work.
inconsistent with the gen-
reason, the translator has ad-
ded three short Appendices, chiefly from KUhner's larger Latin
Grammar, of which
that
on Prosody, as
signed only for the scanning of
With regard
it
Hexameter
will be perceived,
is
de-
verse.
mode of using the book, the intelligent teachThe author, however, suggests that, after Etymology, the pupil should commence the more
to the
er will be the best judge.
completing the
simple of the Latin reading lessons in connection with the study of
And
the Syntax.
it
may be
added, that in some cases
ably be found best, to take the pupil over the
first
second Course, omitting the English exercises at turn and take
whole.
them up
Perhaps
also,
will prob-
first,
and then
re-
in connection with a thorough review of the
a judicious teacher, following out the general
plan of the author, of diminishing bution, will
it
and perhaps the
difficulties
by
division
and
distri-
think best, with very young pupils in particular, to
omit some other things the sequent reviews.
first
time over and take them up at sub-
But whatever course
book, a complete mastery of
all that it
is
pursued in teaching the
contains should be aimed at
from the beginning, and should be actually attained before left.
1*
it
is
PEEFACE.
VI
In conclusion, the translator would express his obligations to the Kev. Dr. Sears, of the Newton Theological Institution, who very kindly listened to the reading of the greater part of the manuscript
and suggested such corrections as his superior knowledge of German enabled him to do, and to Mr. James H. Hanson, Principal of the Waterville Academy, who has given very important assistance in correcting the sheets as they passed through the press. Waterville College,
)
Feb. 1845.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS. ETYMOLOGY. FIRST COURSE. CHAPTER I. Or THE Sounds ard Letters
of the Language.
Division of the Letters
§ 1
2
Pronunciation of the Letters
CHAPTER II. Of Syllables. Of the Measure Of Accent Of the Division
3 4 5
or Quantity of Syllables
of Syllables
CHAPTER HL Parts of Speech.
— Inflection
Partial treatment of the Verb
...
6 7-^11
8 9 10
First Conjugation
Second Conjugation Third Conjugation Fourth Conjugation
11
CHAPTER
IV.
Of the Substantive and Adjective. Classification of Substantives
12
Gender of the Substantive Number, Case and Declension Gender and Declension of the Adjective
13
First Declension
Second Declension Third Declension
14 15 16 17
18—21
CONTENTS.
YJii
Paradigms of Adjectives of the Third Declension
.
.
§
.
•
Fourth Declension Fifth Declension
25
Comparison of Adjectives and Participles
CHAPTER.
22
V.
Of the Adverb. 26
and Formation of Adverbs
Classification
Comparison of Adverbs
CHAPTER
VI.
Of the Pronoun. 28
Personal Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
"^
Relative and Interrogative Pronouns
^"
Indefinite Pronouns
on
Correlative Pronouns
CHAPTER
VII.
^^
Of the Numerals
CHAPTER Table of the Prepositions
........ VIII.
34
SECOND COURSE. Greek Nouns of the
Of the Gender
35
First Declension
36
of the Second Declension
Remarks on Particular Case-endings of the Third Declension Of the Gender of the Third Declension
.
.
37
38—40 38
Masculine
Feminine Neuter Of the Gender of the Fourth Declension .
.
.
.
.
.
39
•
40 41
THIRD COURSE. CHAPTER
I.
Of the Verb. Classes of Verbs
Tenses of the Verb Modes of the Verb Infinitive, Participle,
Supine, Gerund and Gerundive
^
CONTENTS.
........... ..... ............ ...
Persons and Numbers of the Verb
Conjugation
§46
Active of the Four Regular Conjugations
47 48 49 50
Passive
51
Formation of the Tenses
Conjugation of the x\uxiliary verb
Inflection of
Verbs
in io after the
5J/7M
Third Conjugation
Deponents of the Four Conjugations
.
^
54
Periphrastic Conjugation
Catalogue of verbs which vary
in the
formation of their tenses from
—69 —57 58 — 60 61 — 68
........
55
the paradigms given in §§ 50 and 51 First Conjugation
55
Second Conjugation Third Conjugation
Fourth Conjugation
69 70
Particular Irregular Verbs
2)
Possum Edo
3)
Fero
4)
Volo, nolo, male
1)
52 53
— 76 70 71
5)
Eo
6)
Queo, nequeo
7)
Fio
......... -
.
.
72
73 74 75 76
Defective Verbs
77
Impersonal Verbs
78
CHAPTER Preposition.
II.
— Conjunction. — Interjection CHAPTER
The Formation
of
....
79
III.
Words
80
SYNTAX. Sentence.
Subject.
Predicate
81
Limitation of the Subject and Predicate
82
Agreement Double Nominative
84
Classes of Verbs Tenses of the Verb
Modes of the Verb
Of the Cases
83
85 86 87 -91
Genitive
Accusative
Dative
90
Ablative
91
CONTENTS.
X
Construction of names of Towns
Remarks on
Of the Of the
the use of the Prepositions
§ ,
.
.
.
.
.
92 93 94
use of the Pronouns
95
use of the Numerals
Supine
9b 97
Gerund
98
Infinitive
99
Gerundive Participle
•
•
•
•
•
.100
COMPOUND SENTENCES. A, Coordinate Sentences
101
B. Subordinate Sentences Of the usp of the Modes in Subordinate Sentences Succession of the Tenses in Subjunctive Subordinate Sentences
102
.
I.
103 104
— 108 105
Infinitive
B. Ut, ne, ut ne, ut non, with the Subjunctive
.
.
.
106
......109
C. Quo, quominus, quin, with the Subjunctive D. Quod, thatj with the Indicative
III.
.
105
Substantive Sentences A. Accusative with the
II.
.
Adjective Sentences Adverbial Sentences
.
.
.
107
108
.
110
— 114
a.
Adverbial Sentences of Time
110
b.
Causal Adverbial Sentences
Ill
c.
Conditional Adverbial Sentences
112
d.
Concessive Adverbial Sentences
e.
Adverbial Sentences of Comparison
Of Interrogative Sentences Of the Form of Oblique Discourse
113 .
.
.
.
.
.114 115
.
.
.
.
116
First Appendix.
Of Prosody Of Syllables :
117
Hexameter Verse
118
Scansion
119
Second Appendix.
Of Abbreviations
120
Third Appendix.
Of the Roman Calendar Collection of Latin Reading Lessons.
Vocabularies.
121
:;
ETYMOLOGY. FIRST COURSE. CHAPTER
I.
Of the Sounds and Letters § 1. 1.
the Language.
Division of the Letters,
The Latin Language has
twenty-five
of
letters, viz. six
as signs of
its
sounds,
vowels and nineteen consonants.
abcdefghijklm nopq rs uvxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLM t
NOPQRSTUVXYZ Remark
a) at the beginning 1. The capital letters are used only of a sentence, after a period, an interrogation or exclamation point and ^b) in proper after a colon (:), where the words of another are quoted names, as Romulus. The letter k is used in but very few words. :
—
;
—
:
2.
The vowels
are distinguished
The
ces.
are either short or long'.
by
*.y,
the long ones
sign u signifies, that the
The :
stands can be used either as short or long, as 3.
ae.
The Latin Language has oe.
au.
etc.
e. g.
ei,
short vowels
by -, as a, a, perplavowel over which it :
a.
the following diphthongs
aequitas, equity^ foedus, league^
aurum, gold^ Eurus, the east ivind, hei, alas. Rem.
2.
When
ae
and
oe are to
be pronounced
separately, this is in-
dicated by two points (puncta diaeresis, points of separation) placed over the second vowel (e), as : aer, the air, poeta, a poet. The diphthong eu is found in only a few Latin, but in many Greek words, as: Eurotas
should be separated in pronunciation, as: In like manner, also, must ei be almost invariably pronounced separately, as: dei (pronounced, dei) of God, for ei as a diphthong occurs in but a very few words, as : hei, alas. in general,
therefore, eu
deus (pronounced,
deiis)
God.
.
; ;
:
;
;
;
;;
QUANTITY.
PRONUNCIATION.
12
—
;
[^ 2, 3.
consonants, according to the greater or less influence of the organs of speech in their pronunciation, are
The
4.
divided into
Liquids
a)
:
b) Spirants
Mutes
c)
m,
1,
:*
b, c, d,
:
before
e, t,
other cases like
g, k, p, q,
f,
x, z.
t,
Pronunciation of the Letters.
§ 2.
C
n, r
h, s, v, j
pronounced like s, but- in cymba, caecus,
y, ae^ oe, eu, is
as
k,
ceisus (selsus) cicer,
:
ceu, coelum; but, caro (karo), collum, custos, clamor;
Ch
pronounced
is
k
like
Gu before a vowel in the same syllable likeg-ii?, as Ph like our/, as pharetra Rh as a simple r, as K-hea :
lingua
:
;
:
Sch
Qu
like sk^ as
:
schola (skola)
pronounced
is
like
to, as
Sa before a vowel in the same Ti before a vowel
But if the
(acshio).
as
pronounced
is
like
shi^
:
suasor
as:
actio
sound disappears, short) is pronounced
long^ the hissing
i is
Besides,
totius.
:
aqua
:
syllable like siv^ as
ti
(with the
i
without the hissing sound a) if there is immediately beAttius, ostium, mixfore the t another ^, an 5, or an x^ as :
:
tio
;
b) in
Greek words as
:
Miltiades, tiara.
CHAPTER
n.
Of Syllables. § 3.
A
1
and
Of
the
Measure or Quantity of
syllable is short by nature^
this short
vowel
2.
as
:
A
*
:
deiis,
God^
syllable is long by nature^
mater, a mother, murus, a
bles are long in SpirantSy
i.
which
e. fetters
vowel
its
is
short
followed either by another vowel or
is
a single consonant, as
when
Syllables,
there
loall. is
^3,{er,
when
father. its
vowel
is
long,
Particularly, all sylla-
a diphthong, as: plausus,
formed principally by the breath.
Tr.
;
$
:
QUANTITY.
4.]
ACCENT.
13
and in which two vowels are contracted
applause^ as: lacus,
o/*
a
form of the genitive of lacus, a lake). 3. A syllable, which ends with a long vowel, position^
i.
e.
by
into one,
(contracted from lacuis, the original
lake^
the position of the vowel,
when
is
short by
the follow-
ing syllable begins with a vowel, as: de in deamliilo,
J
take a tualk^pro in proavu, a great-grand-father^ prae in
praeacutus, very sharp.
A
4.
when
syllable with
this
short
a short vowel
vowel
is
by j, or x, or z, as per in perdo alicujus but compounds oi jugiim^ the vowel before y remains
nants, or
in the
short, as
as
:
long by position^
is
followed by two or more conso-
:
bijugus.
;
;
:
JT with a consonant, forms no
position,
stomachus, the stomach.
The position before a mute tvith a liquid (§ 1, 4), for the does not make the short vowel long, as cerebrum, the brain, arbitror, / thivk, locuples, rich. But in two cases the position of a mute with a liquid makes the preceding short vowel long: a) in compounds, as abrumpo, from db ; h) when one of the three liquids I, m, n, follows one of the three mutes: b, d, g, as: hiblus, agmen, a march (from dgo\ magnus, great. Remark.
most
part,
:
:
:
§ 4. 1.
O/* Accent.^
Monosyllables with a vowel short by nature, are pro-
nounced with the acute accent ('), monosyllables with a vowel long by nature, with the circumflex accent (a), as: et, vir (viri), ut, dux (ducis) mos (moris), jus (juris), lex (legis), mons. 2. Dissyllables have the accent upon the penult, and indeed a) The acute accent, when the penult is short by nature, ;
:
as: virum (i), ducem (u), homo mate is long, whether the penult (u) mores (o) bonae (6)
(o), arte; is
long or
or
when
short, as
the ulti:
Musae
b) The circumflex accent, when the penult is long nature and the ultimate short, as mater (a), Musa.
by
:
3.
Words
of three or more syllables have the accent
This paragraph may be passed over, provided the teacher will see that the right pronunciation of the words is given in reading. *
3
—
;:
DIVISION OF SYLLABLES.
ACCENT.
14
Upon
a)
and indeed,
the antepenult,
the
[§ 5.
acute accent,
whether the last syllable is short or long, as homine, homines, hominibus, mediocris, tenebrae b) Upon the penult, and indeed, the acute accent, when both the penult and ultimate are long, as: acuto (u), amares
when
the penult
is short,
:
(a)
;
or
when
the penult is long only by position, in
case the ultimate
—
may be
either
long or
short, as
:
which
amantur,
^but the circumflex accent, if the penult is lojig by amantes * nature and the ultimate short, as acutiis, amare ;
:
Remark. The short monosyllabic enclitics (i. e. particles which always stand annexed to other words, and therefore lose their accent) que^ ve, lie, ce, met, etc. draw the accent of the word to which they are attached from the antepenult to the ultimate, as : sc^lera sceleraqne, homines homin/sque, hominibus hominibiisque. But if the accent is upon the penult, the drawing back of the accent to tlie last syllable,
when
already long, or by its union with the but if the last syllable is short and ; remains so, the accent does not change syllables, as : scel6stus scelestiisque, sceltsta scel^staque, pleiique pleraeque pleraque, litraque uttakes place only
enclitic
this
becomes long by
is
position
dtque. ^ 5. Of the Division of Syllables.^ General Rule. Syllables end with a vowel, and begin with a consonant. When, therefore, a consonant stands 1.
between two vowels, as pa-ter, a-ma-mus.
it
belongs to the following- syllable,
:
2.
When
Subordinate Rule.
two
or three consonants,
with which a Latin word can begin, stand between the vowels of two syllables, they are to be joined to the second
The most common combinations of consonants a mute with a liquid, and s with a mute or with a mute and a liquid, as: ma-gnus, great, ^-^i, fields, pe-stis,
syllable.
are
:
plague,
a-stra, the stars.
In
all
other cases, the consonants
* That is to say, in general, if the penult not, the antepenult. Tr.
—
is
long
it
has the accent, but
if
t These rules for the division of syllables are drawn from the ancient grammarians and are generally observed in Europe. In this country, it is more common (and perhaps better, especially for beginners) to follow the analogies of our own language in dividing a Latin word into syllables. For a fuller account of the principles of division here adop,ted, see Appendix to Beck's Latin Syntax. Tr.
INFLECTION.
PARTS OF SPEECH.
$ 6.]
between two vowels are divided, as nis, a river, mon-tes, mountains. Remark. ponent serted,
A
am-
an-nus, a year^
:
compound word must be divided according
to its
ab-avus, a great-great-grandfather. If a letter attached to the first word, as prod-esse, to profit.
parts, as it is
15
comin-
is
:
:
CHAPTER m. Parts of Speech.
§ 6. 1.
The Substantive
—
Inflection,
designates an object (a person or
thing), as: ma7i, ivoman, house. 2.
The Verb
expresses an action (something which an
object does), as: praise, sleeps 3.
g. the
e.
God
;
The
to
bloom, to dance, to sleep, to love, to
rose blooms;
loves
men
the
boy dances;
the child
the teacher praises the scholars.
;
Adjective expresses a property or quality, as:
small, great, beautiful,
e. g.
a small boy
;
a beautiful rose
;
a
great house. 4. The Adverb expresses the tvay and manner in which an action takes place, as beautifully, sweetly, e. g. the rose blooms beautifully ; the child sleeps sioeetly. ;
Rem.
1.
There are adverbs
also,
which express the
the time when the action takes place, as 5.
:
place where,
and
here, there, yesterday, to-day.
The Pronoun
points to an object, as
The Numeral
expresses number or multitude, as
:
/,
thou, he, this
that. 6.
:
one,
two, three, many, few. 7. The Preposition is a word which stands before a noun, and expresses the relations oi place, of time and other relations which an object sustains to an action, as the boy :
stands before the house; the child laughs /or joy. 8.
The Conjunction
is
words and sentences, as Rem.
:
a word which serves to connect and, but, because.
Besides, there are other words which are barely signs of emotion, and are called Literjections. 9.
2.
By
inflection
we
understand the variation or modifica-
:
PARTIAL TREATMENT OF THE VERB.
16
word
tion of a
[H
7, 8.
in order to express a particular relation, as
he loves, the child's clothes, the man's hat
thou
lovest,
The
inflection
of the substantive, adjective, pronoun an4 called declension, that of verbs, conjugation.
numeral, is The remaining parts of speech do not admit of inflection. Partial Treatment of the Verb,
§ 7.
All the verbs of the Latin Language are divided into four classes or conjugations, which are distinguished by the termination of the infinitive as follows: First Conjugation
— — — —
:
" "
Second Tliird
"
Fourth
are as
to love,
"
monere,
ere
"
regere, to govern,
^ire
"
audire, to hear.
First Conjugation
§ 8.
amdre,
:
ere
to
amare,
:
admonish,
to love.
PRESENT PASSIVE.
PRESENT ACTIVE.
Indicative.
Indicative.
am
h
amo, Hove
amor, 1
2.
amd.f, thou lovest
amdris, thou art loved
3.
amdt,
amdtur,
1.
2.
amdmus, we love amdtis, you love
amdmur, we are loved amdmlni, you are loved
3.
amant, they
amantur, they are
2.
amd,
2.
amdte, love ye.
he, she, it loves
love.
loved
he, she, it is loved
loved.
Imperative, love thou
L Words aro
1.
delecto
educo iaudo
to he
I.
1, 1.
/
Laudo.
1 ddight.
bring up.
salto 1.
Vituperas.
Tentat
Vituperamlni.
Educor.
I watch.
Viglla.
fightest.
He
I annoy.
I watch. / censure. vulnero 1. / wound. vitiipero 1.
Vigilamus.
Ornantur.
1.
vigilo 1.
I dance. I try.
Delector.
Edilcantur.
Laudamini.
Thou
Saltat.
saltare.
mur.
1.
translation.
vexo
I.
tento
mur.
nerantur.
and Exercises for
I adorn. pugno 1. Ifight.
I praise.
Pugnate.
learned
orno
I plough.
Pugnatis.
Vulneraris.
Educamlni.
Laudaris.
Delectamur.
A rant.
Vexatur.
Ornaris.
Lauda.
LaudaVitupera-
Saltatis.
Vul-
Saltate.
ploughs.
We
praise.
You
censure.
PARTIAL TREATMENT OF THE VERB.
*9.]
They
You art
Fight thou.
dance.
Thou
praised.
We
They
are wounded.
They
brought up.
He
is
We are They
wounded.
praise.
admonish.
Indicative.
3.
2.
mone, admonish thou
2.
monete, admonish ye.
1.
2.
Thou
You
PRESENT PASSIVE.
moneo, £ admonish mones, ihou admonishest monet, he, site, it admonishes monemus, we admonish monetis, you admonish monent, they admonish.
3.
are praised.
to
Indicative.
2.
am
praise.
PRESENT ACTIVE. L
I
are delighted.
brought up.
Second Conjugation : monere,
§ 9.
We
They
are annoyed.
to fight.
try
adorned.
is
are censured.
He
are adorned.
They
Praise ye.
art censured.
17
moncor, /
am
admonished
moneris, thou art admonished monetur, he, she it is admonished
monemur, we are admonished monemini, you are admonished mouentur, they are admonished.
Imperative,
II.
D#beo
Words
to be learned
I must, ought, gaudeo
and Exercises for translation.
I rejoice. doceo 2. I teach, instruct, maneo 2. / remain. exerceo 2. / exercise. mordeo 2. / hite.
fleo 2.
floreo
2.
/ weep. 2. / bloom.
Doceo.
Manete.
Taces.
Docentur.
Tacent.
Parete.
tamus
gaudemus.
et
Terreor.
Doces.
terreo 2. IfrigJden, et,
Tentate docere.
Flent
Movetur.
Doceris.
Educaris
Si paretis, laudamlni.
and.
Exercetis.
Exerceris.
Tacemus.
Manetis.
I laugh. I am silent.
si, if.
Gaudemus.
Ridet.
Exercemur.
Florent.
taceo 2.
raoveo 2. / move. pareo 2. / obey.
Tacere debes.
Mordemini.
rid^o 2.
2.
Tace.
Docemur.
Parere debent.
et doceris.
Moventur.
Si tacemus, laudamur.
Mordentur
bitten.
Thou exercisest. He weeps. We teach. You are Remain thou. Be ye silent. You must remain. Thou art frightened. He is instructed. You teach.
silent.
We
I rejoice.
They
laugh.
are moved.
We
exercised).
Rejoice ye.
You
instructed.
I laugh.
You dance and ed.
If you
Obey
rejoice.
weep you
must be
thou.
We
silent.
are brought
2*
silent.
am am I exercise my self (= am up and instructed. I am I
I
If thou obeyest thou art praised.
try to teach.
are censured.
Sal-
et vulnerantur.
We
are bitten and
wound-
[HO.
PARTIAL TREATMENT OF THE VERB.
18
Third Conjugation : regere,
§ 10.
Indicative.
Indicative.
regor, I
1.
rego, I govern regis, thou
3.
regit, he, she,
1.
regimus, we gov
2.
regttis,
3.
regunt, th^y gov em.
2.
rege, govern tho u
2.
regite,
am
governed
regerwf thou art governed
govemest it
govern.
PRESENT PASSIVE.
PRESENT ACTIVE.
2.
to
,
regitur , he, she,
governs
it is
governed
we are governed regvmi ni, you are governed r,
you govizrn
regurd\itr, they are governed.
-
Impera live. govern yi
Words
TIT.
to he learned
Bibo^i. I drink, cano i. I sing. cedo {J. I give way. defemio 3. / defend. diligo 3. / esteem, love. edo 3 I eat.
fallo 3.
{
Bene
I sing.
defend.
Thou
You
Thou
art stung.
Ede
He
et bibe.
Lude.
Canere ten-
Si cedis, vinceris.
He
drinks.
Paint ye. is
hurt.
We
We
read.
are deceived.
esteem.
Eat ye and drink.
to read.
You
paint.
You
vi^rite.
You must
Si male
They
We
read.
am
I
is
conquered.
are defended.
If you write well
you are praised.
They
esteemed.
are vanquished.
He
You
are hurt
Scri-
Diligimur.
Si vincitis, lauda-
If thou singest well, thou art praised.
are conquered.
Pinge.
Leglte.
Vincimini.
Edunt.
HI, hadly.
Defenditur.
are esteemed.
jou
well.
Bibunt.
Editis.
Vinceris.
Diligeris.
Laederis.
eatest.
They They try
bene adv.
Si bene pingltis, laudamini.
Write thou.
defend.
Play ye.
Cantmus.
Fallor.
scribunt.
ficribis, vituperaris.
3.
quish.
male, adv.
Defendimur.
Pingis.
mini.
vinco
Laeduntur.
Pungimini. tat
lego 3. / read.
ludo 3. I play. pingo 3. I pailit.
I prick, sting. / write. / conquer^ van-
3.
scribo 3.
debes.
Scribfire
translation.
pungo
laedo3. /Awrf
Laedit.
Legis.
Scribo. bite.
and Exercises for
I deceit e.
He If
You
writes well.
you give way
If you write badly you are censured.
:
PARTIAL TREATMENT OF THE VERB.
HI.]
Fourth Conjugation
11.
§
audire, to hear.
:
PRESENT PASSIVE.
PRESENT ACTIVE.
Indicative.
Indicative.
audio,
1.
/ hear
/ am heard
audior,
2.
audf5, thou htarest
3.
audit, he, she,
J.
audtmiw, we hear
audlris, thou art heard
audltur, he, she,
hears
it
19
heard
it is
aud imwr, we are heard audimlm, you are Jieard
you hear
2.
B-uditis
3.
audiunt, they hear.
2.
audi, hear thou
2.
audite hear ye.
audiuntur, they are heard.
Imperative,
Besides, the following forms of the irregular verb
sum
should be noted est, he, she, it is,
sunt, they are,
erat, he, she, it was.
erant, they were.
esse, to be,
rV. Words to be learned and Exercises for translation.
Custodio
erudio
4.
/ beat, strike. 4. I support.
Erudio.
IJind.
4.
Ferimus.
Vincior.
Valde ferimur.
Audi.
male
am
He Come
punishest.
Leap
sleep.
thou.
Thou
clothed).
leaps.
You
are well instructed.
If
He
instruct.
try to
You
(=
is
You
He
clothed).
chatter. I clothe
supports himself
They
are guarded. leaps.
you are vanquished, you are bound. clothes himself
Vincimus.
instruct.
He
art nourished.
Hear
guarded.
Dor-
custodimlni.
Vincimus.
We
They
ye.
are bound.
instructed.
Bene
et punimini.
We
ye.
Si bene
Si vinceris, yinciris.
Audite.
supported).
beaten.
Vestimur.
Bene erudimur.
Dormite.
Veni.
Saliunt.
Feritur.
erudis, vituperaris.
Valde vituperamini
Thou
I strike.
4.
Punitis.
Custodiris.
Bene erudiuntur.
Salitis.
myself (=
venio
Si male scribimus, punimur.
Vestiuntur.
(=is
si
;
4.
Heap. / come. vestio 4. / dothe, vincio 4. / bind, chain. salio 4.
valde adv. greatly.
reperire.
erudis, laudaris
They
I punish.
Fulciuntur.
Nutrimlni.
rrfimus.
punio
Dormit.
Garris.
Tento
Salite.
I chatter. / nourish.
4.
reperlo
ferio 4.
lulcio
nutrio 4.
ganio
Igtmrd. / sleep. I instruct.
4.
4.
They
He
We
is
are
well
are well
are badly in-
structed. 1 praise, I teach, I give
way,
I guard.
Thou praisest, thou
teachest,
;
;
:
SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIVE.
20
thou givest way, thou guardest.
way, he
You
We
guards.
censure, you
censure,
He praises, he we exercise, we
you read, you
exercise,
thou, punish thou.
obey
ye,
ye,
we
read,
12.
he gives
teaches,
sleep.
Adorn
they exercise, they read, they sleep.
Adorn
[^
They
sleep.
censure,
thou, obey thou, write
We
write ye, punish ye.
we must punish. I am annoyed, I am bitten, I am pricked, I am bound. Thou art annoyed, thou art bitten, thou art pricked, thou art bound. He is an-
must adorn, we must obey, we must
noyed, he
we
up,
is bitten,
he
is
pricked, he
we
are greatly frightened,
You
instructed.
write,
bound.
is
We
are well brought
are greatly esteemed,
are well brought up,
we
are well
you are greatly frightened, you
are greatly esteemed, you are well instructed. They are well brought up, they are greatly frightened, they are greatly esteemed, they are
well instructed.
CHAPTER
IV.
Of the Substantive and Adjective. § 12. 1.
The
Classification of Substantives.
substantive
designates
2i
(§ 6, 1.)
pendent existence, as: nianj
on
abstract,
called concrete^
is
the contrary,
flower army;
lion,
when
it
,
signifies
it
it is
called
an action or qual-
conceived of as independent of a subject, as
ity
when
person or thing which has an actual and inde-
:
virtue,
tvisdom. 2,
The Concretes
a)
Appelative nouns,
cies, or
are
when
an individual of a
they indicate a whole spe-
class, as
:
man, ivornan,
floiver,
lion
b) Proper nouns,
when
they designate only single per-
sons as things which do not belong to a class, as: Marius,
Rome c) terial,
d)
Material nouns, as
:
when
milk, dust, water,
Collective nouns,
they indicate the simple ma-
gold;
when
they designate a number of
single persons or things as one whole, as fleet, herd.
:
ar?ny, cavalry,
:
:
^
SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIVE.
13, 14.]
§
13.
The Gender
21
Gender of the Substantive,
of Substantives, which
three-fold, as in
is
determined partly by their meaning' and partly by their endings. The rules of gender founded upon the endings will be treated of under the particular declensions. English,
With
is
reference to the
meaning
the following general rules
obtain
Of the
1.
masculine gender, are the names and designa*
tions of males, nations, winds, months,
most
rivers
and
mountains.
Of
2.
the feminine gender, are the
most
tions of females, of trees,
names and designatowns and
countries, islands,
shrubs and small plants.
Of the
neuter gender, are the
alphabet, the infinitive,
all
names of
the letters of the
indeclinable words (excepting,
however, the names of persons from foreign languages) and every word used as the mere symbol of a sound, as
man 4.
is
a monosyllable.
Of
the
common
gender, are the
names
of persons
which have but one form for the masculine and feminine, as dux, a male or female leader. :
1.
Nations, men, rivers, winds
These 2.
3.
The
isles,
masculines.
lands, trees
of the neuter kind. is whatever can Include a woman and a man. is
Common
§ 14. 1.
months are
and town' These as feminine are found. Whatever cannot be declined This
4.
atid
Women,
Number, Case and Declension.
two and the Plur., cases in each number,
substantive and adjective have, like the verb,
numbers, the Sing., which denotes a
which denotes
3.
plurality,
and
six
unitij,
viz.: 1.
Nominative, answering the question tuho? or what?
2.
Genitive, answering the question, lohose ?
;
:;
FIRST DECLENSION.
22
[H 15,
16.
Dative, answering the question, to or for lohom ? or
3.
lohat ?
5.
Accusative, answering the question, ichom ? or lohat ? Vocative, the case of direct address
6.
Ablative, answering the
4.
questions,
with ? whereby ? luhen ? at lohat time,
Remark.
ivhere-
are called casus recti; the other Substantives and adjectives of the netder gender
The Norn, and Voc.
cases, casus ohllqui.
have the Nom. Ace. and Voc.
alike.
The Latin language
2.
whence?
etc.
§ 15.
hasj^t;e declensions.
Gender and Declension of the Adjective.
The adjective, in Latin, agrees with its substantive in number and case, as: filia bona, the good daughter,
1.
gender, filial
bona, the daughter
est
is
good, ^Wus honus, the good
son, filius est honus, the son is good,
helium est malum, the loar
tear,
Hence, the adjective,
2.
fold gender.
Still,
not
heWum malwm,
like the substantive,
all
the evil
is evil,
has a three-
adjectives have separate forms
many have only two distinct endone for the Masc. and Fem. and the other for the Neut., some, indeed, have only one form for all genders. 3. The declension of the adjective corresponds with the
for the three genders, but
ings, viz.
first
three declensions of nouns.
§ 16. First
Declension.
Nouns of the first declension ending in a are all femiThe feminine of adjectives of the second declension
nine. is
declined like nouns in Rem.
a,
see
§ 17.
Exceptions to this rule occur only out of regard to the general rules of gender (§ 13.), thus, e. g. agricola, a husbandman, is Masc. so also are most names of rivers of this declension, as Matrona, the Mame, Trebia, Sequana, the Seine. But the names of mountains, as Aetna, Ossa, remain Feminine. 1.
:
:
$
FIRST DECLENSION.
16.
Case-E n Singular Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Ablative
(]
23
in gs.
Nominative
Plural
a ae ae
ae
Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Ablative
am a
a
ariim is
as
ae is
Paradigms. Singular.
Nominative
mensa,
Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Ablative
mensae, of the mensae, to the
Plural.
mensae,
the table
mensdm,
the tables
table
mensdrum, of the
table
mensl5,
tables
to the tables
mensds, the tables mensae, tables mensis, by the tables.
the table
menstf,
table
mensd, by
the table.
Rem. 2. As the Latin language has neither tlie definite article the nor the indefinite article a or an, mensa may signify either in a general sense table, or a table, or the table. Rem.
3.
Some nouns
are used only in the plural, as
nuptiae, a
:
wedding, nuptiarum, of a wedding.
Rem.
The
and
ablative plural have the ending dhus (for is) a daughter, when they are to be distinguished from corresponding masculine forms, e. g. filiis et filiabus, to sons and daughters, diis et deabus, to gods and goddesses. in
:
4.
dative
dea, a goddess,
Rem.
5.
filia,
Concerning Greek nouns of the
V. Words
to be
Agricola, husbandman.
aqua, wcder.
learned
querela,
first
and Exercises for complaint,
planta, a plant.
turbo
1.
procella, a storm.
noceo
2.
green, has
two parts
I disturb. / injure.
Every sentence,
/
beget,
pro-
pulchre, adv. beautiful-
coaxo 1. I croak. devoro 1. / devour.
Rule of Syntax.
3.
duce.
herba, an herb.
tude.
§ 35.
translation.
gigno
plaintive cry.
rana, a frog. ciconia, a stork. copia, abundance, wiMZh'-' terra, the earth.
is
Dec. see
e. g. the
quam, a,
hoiv
"
!
ab (with the
abl.)
by
{a stands only before
plant blooms, the
meadow
;
;
SECOND DECLENSION.
24
The
a)
subject,
serted (the plant
The
b)
i.
[U7.
the person or thing of wliich something
e.
is as-
the meadow)
;
predicate,
i.
which
e. that
is
asserted of the subject {blooms
is green).
The tive
;
subject
commonly a substantive and stands in the nominais commonly a verb (e. g. blooms), or an adjective
is
the predicate
in connection with the verb
Rana ranae.
Plantae florent.
nocent
plantis.
terram
The
plant blooms.
bloomest.
am
I
O
plantae,
The herb of
The water
is
delighted with
(abl.)
O
Procellae
pulchre orna-
The storm how beautifully thou plant. The frogs croak.
the
plant
husbandmen.
storks devour the frogs.
O
The
frogs,
storks
croak ye.
disturbed by the frogs.
Second Declension,
§ 17.
Words
quam
the })lant blooms.
the plant.
I love
The
turbatur a
plantis.
plaintive cry of the frogs delights the
injure the frogs.
Aqua
rana, coaxa!
Terra gignit plantas.
injures the plant.
The
O
Terra vestitur copia plantarum.
Terra vestitur
!
Cicoma nocet
Agricola delectatur querela ranae.
coaxat.
Cicoma devorat ranam.
rana.
tis
to be (e. g. is green).
of the second declension (substantives
and adend in the Nom. in us, er, ir, and um, of which those in ns, er, and ir are of the masculine and those in um of the neuter gender. For the exceptions see § 36.
jectives)
Case-E n dings. Singular
Nom.
us
(er, ir)
Gen.
,
um
Dat.
Ace. Voc. Abl.
Plural
Nom.
orum
Dat.
um e (er,
ir)
6
;
um
Ace. Voc. Abl.
a
i;
Gen.
i
is
6s;
a a
i; is
SECOND DECLENSION.
U7.]
25
Paradigms. Singular.
N. hortw5,
garden hom^of the garden horto^/.o the garden hoxium^the garden hortc, garden horio, by the garden the
puer, the boy pueri, of the hoy puero, to the boy
puemm,
the boy
boy puer, puero, by the boy
ager^ the field agri, of the field agro, to the field a-grum, the field ager, O field agro, by the field
vir, the virf,
man man
of the
viro, to the rnan
virwra, vir,
t/ie man man
viro, by the
man.
Plural. hortt, the
gardens pueri,
the boys
agrt, the fields
virf, the
men
bortorum,
of the pueroriim, of the agrorwm, of the x'ngriim, of the gardens men boys fields horiiSy to the gar- pu§ri5, to the boys agTis, to the fields viTis, to the men dens horios, the gardens pu&Tds, the boys SLgros, the fields virds^ the men
gardens pueri, boys agri, O fields virt, O men horUs, by the gar- ipneris^by the boys. agri5, by the fields viris^by the
hortt,
men
dens.
war belli, of the war bello, to the war bellwm, the war bellwyn, O war beWum,
hello,
the
by the war.
bonw5, good bont bono
Singular. bona, good
boniim, good
bonae
boni
bonrtc
bono bonitm bonwwi bono
bonwm
bonam
bone bond
bona bona Plural.
bella, the
bello/w7W,
wars of the
bont bonoriim
bona«
bona
bonarilTn
bonorilm
bont5 bonds bonac boni*
bona bona
vmrs
wars bom^ wars bono* wars boni
be 11 15, to the bella, the bella,
O
be]lt5,
by the wars,
free
free
liber
libera liberae liberae liberdjn libera libera
bom*
bonf5
boni*.
Singular.
liber?
libero
liberiiw liber
libero
free liberwm liberi
libero
liberiim liberwAre
libero
liberae libgrS liberorttm liberdrwrn liberoriim libgr?
liberie
liberis
liberie
libero* liberi
libera* liberae
libera libera
liberi*
liberi*
libgri*.
beautiful
beautiful
beautiful
pulcher pulchri pulchro pulchritm pulcher pulchro
pulchra pulchrac pulchrae pulchrawi pulchra pulchra
pulchrwm pulchri pulchro pulchriim pulchrixm pulchro
Plural, pulchri pulchrac pulchrd pulchroriiwt pulchrdrtiz/i pulchroriim pulchri* pulchri* pulchri*
pulchro* pulchri pulchri*
pulchra* pulchiac pulchri*
pulchri pulchrd pulchri*.
SECOND DECLENSION.
26
[$
17.
In like manner decline : Vir bonus, a good man, femina bona, a good woman, exemplum bonum, a good example, hortus pulcher, a beautiful garden, rosa pulchra, a probeautiful rose, ovum pulchruin, a beautiful egg, ager fecundus, the ductive fkld, vir liber, a free man, scriba bonus, a good scribe. Rem. 1. Most words in er reject the e in all the oblique cases except in the vocative singular, as ager, G. agr-i ; only the following retain :
puer, G. pueri, socer, father-in-law, gener, son-in-law, vesper, evening, liberi, children, and the adjectives: asper, aspera, asperum, rough, lacer, torn, liber, /rec, miser, miserable, prosper, fortunate, tener,
the
c
;
compounds of/er and
g-er, as: frugifer,/rmY bearings Dexter, right, has both forms dexter, dextra, dextrum, G. dextri, dextrae; also, though less frequently: dexter, dextera, dext6rum, G. dexteri.-^ Rem. 2. The Voc. Sing, offlius, (a son) is fli and that of meus (my)
the
tender, QX\di
corniger, homed.
:
O mi fli, (but, O mea flia, O meum offidum). This Voc. in t found in proper names in \us, aius and eius, hence I (for 1e), Tulllus Tulli, Virgillus VirglU. Mercurius al (for aie), el (for eie), as MercUrl, Antonius Antonl, Gains Gal, Pompeius Pompei. Rem. 3. The word deus (God) is deus also in the Voc; in the pluN. dii, G. deorum, D. diis. Ace. deos, V. rfii, ral it is thus declined is
mi, as
:
also, is
:
:
:
Abl.
diis.
Rem. orum),
The Gen.
4.
e. g.
nummum
some nouns has the ending um (for (from nummus), of money, talentum (from talen-
plural of
tUm), of talents.
Rem. 5. Some Greek words, but rarely except in poetry, have the ending os (Ace. on) for the masculine and feminine, and on for the Greek words in eus (one syllable) are Ilios, llion. thus declined: N. Orpheus (two syllables), G. Orphei, D. Orpheo, Ace. Orpheum, Voc. Orpheu (two syllables), Abl. Orpheo.
newfer gender, as
:
VI. Words "Equua,
to be
molestus,
m. horse.
i,
learned
and a,
Exercises for translation.
um,
frumentum, i, n. grain. granum, i, n. corn.
varius, a,
juba, ae,f. mane.
vireo 2. Ifourish.
some.
I commit
to.
um,
various,
curro 3. I run. hinnio 4. I neigh.
musca, ae,f.fy. colo 3. / attend to, cvl- celeriter, adv. swiftly. fecundus, a, um, protivate, honor, revere. in (with the abl.), in, upon.
ductive.
A
Rule or Syntax. noun in the Gen., Dat, or Ace, which is connected with the predicate and limits it, is called the object ; e. g. in the sentence the man guides the horse, " man" is the subject and " horse" the object which limits " guides." When the noun is in the Ace. it is called :
the suffering object (receiving the direct action).
Eqiius hinnit.
Juba equi
est pulchra.
Muscae sunt molestae equo.
— §
SECOND DECLENSION.
17.]
Vir regit equum. Agi'i sunt fecundi.
Equo pulchro delector. Eque, celeriter curre. Herbae agroriim sunt variae. Agricola committit Agricola colit agros.
agris grana frumenti. tis
27
Agri,
quam
pulchi'e vire-
In agris multae herbae florent.
!
The
*
man
The herbs of the
field is productive.
husbandman commits
O
cultivates the field.
Various herbs bloom in the the horse
is
O
horses.
field,
field.
The The husband-
field are various.
the corns of grain to the
field.
how beautifully thou flourishest! The horses neigh. The mane of
Flies are troublesome to horses.
beautiful.
We
horses, run swiftly.
Men
govern
are delighted with (abl.) beauti-
ful horses. I*'
Vn. Words Deus, see Rem. 3. dea, see §16. Rem. fill
us, see
Rem.
to he learned
and
Exercises for translation,
mundus, 4.
magnus, a, urn, great. i, m. world. praesidium, i, n. pro- propitius, a, um, propitious, favorable.
tedion, aid.
2.
see § 16. Rem. 4. templum, i, n. temple. meus, a, um, see Rem. levir, i, m. hrother-in- benevolentia, ae, /. be2. nevolence. miser, era,erum,tDretchf law.
filia,
socer,
i,
laia.
gener,
Dii
i,
ed. m. father-in- carus, a, um, dear. improbus, a, um, toick- praebeo 2. / afford. exstruo 3. / build. ed. m. son-in-law.
mundum
regunt.
miseris praesidium. exstruuntur.
Deos
Benevolentia deorum est magna.
Socero est hortus pulcher. eri
propitios collte.
Dii improbos puniunt.
Boni
viri
Praebe, o deus bone,
Diis et deabus templa Filius leviri
bonis viris cari sunt.
bene
legit.
Filia gen-
pulchre pin git
The gods
are propitious to men.
Good men
are dear to the gods.
* With regard to the arrangement of the words in forming a Latin sentence, the teacher must be the principal guide. The rigid laws of arrangement in the English language, allowed of but little being done in the way of Something, imitating the Latin arrangement in the English exercises. however, has been attempted in this way, which, together with a desire to preserve a strictly literal and grammatical expression of the thoughts, will account for the apparently awkward construction of many of the sentences. It may be suggested, also, that a close study of the position of the words in the Latin exercises, will very often guide the student in translating the English exercises. As to particular rules on this subject, it would not be proper, perhaps, to state more than the following, applicable where no emphasis rests upon any word in the sentence. In this case, 1) The predicate follows the subject, as in English, 2) the adjective, or noun in the Genitive, comes after its noun, \\) the verb follows the case or cases which it governs, But when these words 4) the adverb pricedes the word which it limits. are emphatic, the order in each case is reversed. For fuller directions on 514. this subject, see Krebs' Guide for writing Latin, §§ 468 Tr.
—
—
THIRD DECLENSION.
28
The wicked by
The world
are punished by (ab) the gods. Afford,
(ab) the gods.
O
[U8. governed
is
good gods, protection to the wretched.
The gods honor the temples. The gods love the good. O God, punbh tlje wicked. Write, my sons. Sons-in-law are dear to fathers-inlaw. God is propitious to good sons and good daughters. Write, my son, paint,
my
daughter.
§ 18.
The
1.
Third Declension.
Declension has the following case-endings
third
Nom.
Sing.
Plur.
Nom.
es JVeut. a
um
Gen.
Gen.
IS
Dat.
i
Ace. Voc.
era, JVtut. like
Abl.
e(i)
Dat.
like the
Nom.
(ia)
(ium)
ibus
Ace. Voc.
Nom.
:
es
a
(ia)
es
a
(ia)
ibus
Abl.
Rem. 1. In the Nom. the pure stem is often changed. It may always be found, however, by removing from the Gen. is, the ending of that case, as: rex, king, G. reg-is the stem therefore is reg. Also t, rf, fi and nt, are rejected from the stem in the Nom. before s, as : laus,
stem laud ; Salamis, G. Salamin-is, Atlas, G. Atlantof the stem, often passes over into s, as mos, custom, G. mor-is. Most masculines and feminines whose stem ends in n, have rejected this letter in the Nom. as leo, a lion, G. leon-is. Greek proper names whose stem ends in ont reject the t in the nominative, as Xenophon, Xenophont-is. Rem. 2. J^euters, as a general thing, present the pure stem in the Nom., as: exemplar, a pattern, G. exemplar-is. Still, variations from this are introduced into many words out of regard to the laws of euphony in the Latin language, as carmen, a poem (for carmin), G. carminis, ebur, ivory (for ehor), G. ebor-is, corpus, the body (instead of corpor\ G. corp6r-is, caput, the head (for capit), G. capit-is. When the stem of a Greek word ends in ai, the t is rejected in the Nom., as: poema (for po€mat), a poem, G. poemat-is so also in the neuters cor, cord-is,
praise, G. laud-is,
The
is.
:
r,
:
:
:
:
;
:
(he heart, lac, lact-is, milk.
Rem.
3.
Concerning the endings
c
and
i,
a and
ia,
um and
ium, see
§37.
Concerning the gender^ the following general rules ob-
2.
tain 1) cr,
:
Of the
masculine gender are the nouns in
and imparisyllahles^
Rem.
4.
m
words with the same number of syllables Nom., as nubes, a cloud, G. nubis imparisyUa-
Parisyllahles are
in the Gen. as in the
o, or, 05,
es.
:
;
THIRD DECLENSION.
^ 19—20.]
on the contrary, are words which have more syllables
bles,
tlian in the Noin., as
Of
2)
(Gen.
the feminine gender are
utis or udis), x, s
Of
3)
4.
I.
The Nominative presents
color
goose (m.) anser
father (m.)
pater
anseri*
patri*
colon colorem
ansen'
patri
V.
color
patrew pater
A.
colore
anserem anser an sere
colore*
ansere*
patre*
colorwm colduhus
anserum
patrwm
anserl6u5
patriftu*
D.
patre
A. V.
colore*
ansere*
patre*
colore"*
an sere*
patre*
A.
Q.o\oYlhus
anserlhus
patribus
§ 20.
II.
The Nominative presents ing
to the laics
name
Nom. and Voc.
Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative P. N. Ace. and V. Genitive Dat. and Abl.
a, e, c,
to these rules see §§
co\bris
G.
S.
nouns in
G. D. A.
P.N.
it
and
us
pari-
ew, ar, wr,
/,
oris, eris, uris).
colour (m.)
S.N.
in, as^ is, aus,
^
For the exceptions
§ 19.
nouns
with a consonant before
the neuter gender are
and us (Gen.
Rem.
Gen.
in the
miles, soldier^ G. militis.
:
syllables in es.
ut
29
tht
38
—
pure stem.
animal (n.) animal animali* animali animal animal animali animalla animaliwm animali6u* animal?a animalla animaliftu*
the stem
40.
spur
(n.)
calcar calcari*
calcan calcar calcar calcari
calcarta
calcarlMm calcarl6i« calcarta cal carta calcartfeit*.
changed accord'
of euphony.
nomen
leo
body (n.) corpus
nomini*
leoni*
corpori*
maris
nomlm nomen
leoni
corpdri
man*
leonem
lion (m.)
(wf.)
sea (n.)
mare
corpus
mare
nomine nomina
leonc
corpore
leone*
corpora
nomlnwm
leonuwi
corporMm
womlrulus
\e6inbus
corponftit*
man* mar7a mar? um manbus.
3*
!
THIRD DECLENSION.
§21.
S.
The Nominative adds
III.
Nom. and Voc.
Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative P. N. Ace. and V. Genitive Dat. and Abl.
Rem.
1.
Nouns
[*21.
s to the stem.
cloud (/.)
root if.)
city (/.)
praise
radix
urbs
laus
nube-5 nubi-5
(/.)
radicis
urhis
laudw
radici
urbi
laudt
nubi
radicem
urbcm
laudem
nubewi
radicc
urbe
laude
radices
urbej?
\dudes
]au(\um
nube nube-5 nubi-wm
\'dU(\ihtis
nuhi-bus.
urbZum urhlbm
radicwm radicibus
in ter
and
ber,
as: pater, /afAer, mater, mother, frater,
and
brother, as well as adjectives in ber
sharp, reject the e in the oblique cases
cer,
as: celeber, celebrated, acer,
see pater above.
;
on or on, in good G. 6n-is; those, on the contrary, whose stem ends in Plato. Solo, Bito, G. on-is Xenophon, G. ont form their Nom., in the best writers, in on, as
Rem.
Greek proper names
2.
prose, form their
whose stem ends
Nom. almost always
in a, as:
in
Agamemno,
;
:
ont-ls.
VIII.
Words
to be
learned
and Exercises for
translation.
vester, tra, trum, your, Dolor, oris, m. ^ain, suf- populus, i, m. people. tormentum, i, n. torture, praedico 1. / extol, fering. acerbus, a,um,j5wn^enf. tolero \. I endure. orator, oris, m. orator, imimus, i, w. soitZ, mint?, disertus, a,um, eZo^weni. succumbo 3. / sink [quence. ignavus,
courage.
um, indo-
a,
under.
lent, cowardly. ae, f. elograviter, adv. facundla, ae, f. Jluency praeclarus, a, um, noble. violently.
eloquentla,
tuus, a, um, thy. of speech. numSrus, i, m. number, noster, tra, trum,
heavily,
patienter, patiently. our.
ob, on account
of
quantity.
Eloquentia oratoris movet animos nostros. Ora-
Orator est disertus. tori paret
quam
populus.
Oratorem praedicamus ob facundlam.
praeclara est tua eloquentia
lores sunt acerbi. bltis.
Numerus dolorum
est
O
orator,
oratore populus regltur.
magnus.
Do-
Doloribus succum-
O dolores, quam graviter
Vir patienter tolerat dolores.
Doloribus vincuntur ignavi
The
Ab
!
pungltis
viri.
Bear ye the tortures of the pain. Thou sinkThe man endures the pain patiently. O pain, how violently thou stingest. A cowardly man is vanquished by (abl.) Orators are eloquent. The eloquence of the orator movies our pain. minds. The people obey the orators. Orators are extolled on acest
pain
is
under the
pungent.
suffering.
count of their fluency of speech.
quence
!
The world
is
O
governed by
orators,
how
noble
(ab) the orators.
is
your elo-
:
THIRD DECLENSION.
$22.1
31
Paradigms of Adjectives of the Third Declension,
§ 22.
The following paradigms present the forms of the three classes of adjectives of the third Dec. with one, two and three endings. Adjectives of one ending terminate in Z, r, s, a:, and participles (Present Participles only) in ns, G. ntis, as: amans, loving, G. amantis. For the irregular adjectives of the second Dec. unus, ullus, etc., duo and ambo, see § 33. Preliminary Remark.
:
Singular. sharp. (m.)
(f.)
N. and V.
acer
Gen. Dat.
acris acri
acris acris acri
Ace.
acrem acrem acre
Abl.
acri
Cn.)
acris aeri acri
(m.&f.)
(n.)
suave
major
suavis suavi
suavem suave
majoris majoris majuri majori majorera majus
suavi
majore
suavis suavis suavi
acre
acri
|
greater.
delightful, (m. & f.) (n.)
suavi
majus,
majore
Plural N.V.&Ac.
acres
acres
suaves
acria
1
majores
suavia
majora
acrium acrium acrium suavium suavium majorum majorum Genitive D. &Abl. acribus acribus acribus suavibussuavibus majoribus majoribus. Singular,
Nom.
& Voc.
audax (m.f.
Genitive Abl. Dat. Ace.
audacis audaci
&
In like
audaeem
manner
(m./.),
odor.,
odoris acris
campus
(w.)
aqua acris, sharp water, acetum acre, sharp vinaquae acris aceti acris [^g^'>'t
green silva
viridis,
viridis
[field,
vir major, greater viri
audax
decline
odor acer, sharp
campi
Plural.
audaces (m.f) audaeia (n.) audaciuni audacium audacibus audacibus audaces audaeia.
n.) bold
majoris
viridis,
silvae viridis
green pratum viride, green [wood, prati viridis [meadow^
man, femina major, greater corpus majus, greater feminae majoris[70om£n corporis majoris [body,
miles audax, bold sol- leaena audax, bold lion- animal audax, bold an[ess. animalis audacis [imal. [dicr, leaenae audacis
militis audacis
Remark. and the Gen.
For the Abl. Sing, in i and c, the Nom. Plur. in ium and um, see § 36.
IX. Words Alacer,
to he
learned
cris, ere, lively, litterae,
and Exercises for
arum,/,
litera-
Plur. in ia
and
a,
translation.
virtus, utis,/. virtue.
vox, ocis,/ voice. m. scholar, consto 1. 1 consist in, of i, n. habeo 2. / have. gravis, e, severe, serious, fundamentum, incumbo 3. (with in and foundation. mortalis, e, mortal. ture.
spirited.
fortis, e, brave.
'
discipulus,
immortalis, e,immortal. avis,
omnis, plur.
e, each, the
whole,
all.
industria,ae,/. inrfiwfrj/.
i,
is,/, bird.
homo,
inis,
hostis,
is,
mos,
oris,
m. man.
m. enemy.
m. custom.
pittas, atis,/.j9ie
the ace.) / apply myself to.
non, not. ne fwith the not.
Imper.)
;
FOURTH DECLENSION.
32 Miles
forti
animo pugnare
Discipiili laus constat bonis
Suavi avium voce delcctamur.
debet.
moribus
[^23.
Pittas est funda-
et acri industrla.
mentum omnium virtutum. Viri fortes non vincuntur doloribus gravibus. Ne cedrte hostibus audacibus. Puer alacri animp in litteras iaHomines corpora mortalia habent, animos immortales
cumb^re debet
Fourth Declension.
§ 23.
Nouns ings
:
of the fourth Dec. have in the
us and
last of \\\v
of these the
w,
first is
For
fgmimnr gender.
Nom.
the
two endand the
of the masculine
the exceptions, see § 41.
Case-En dings. Sing.
Nom. Gen. Dat.
u
us; MvJt. or us; us ui or u
us;
Nom.
us;
u
ua
ibus
Dat.
Ace. Voc.
Mut.
uum
Gen.
u u u
um;
Ace. Voc. Abl.
Plur.
u
u^ ua
us; us; ibus
Abl.
Paradigms. Plural.
Singular.
N. G.
fructM5
corniid
fructMwm fructlbus
corn uum corn ibus
fructus
corntltt
fructus
fructiw
cornud
fructM
cornii
fructl6u5
cornl6u5.
{vi.), fruit.
fructus fructui or
D. A. V. A.
1
cornw (n.), horn. cornus or u cornu cornu cornu
fructM5
u
fructum
Rem. 1. The following words in the Dat. and Abl. Plur. have the ending ubus for Ibus : acus (f ), a needle, arcus (m.), a bow, artus (m.), a joint, limb, partus (m.), a birth, lacus (m.), a lake, pond, quercus, (f), fJie oak, specus (m.), a den, grotto, tribus (f ), a tribe, company, pecu (n.), cattle, (as a species), and veru (n.), a spit. Ficus (f ), us, ajigtree, forms the Dat. and Abl. Plur. according to the second Dec. ficis. :
Rem.
2.
The word domus
is
declined as follows
Dat.
Dat.
(\onubus
Ace.
domuwi
Ace.
domes
Abl.
donid
Abl.
domibus
Gen.
The form domi :
a house,
domu5 domus donmi
Sing. N. V.
thus
(f )
is
Plur.N. V. Gen.
domii5
domimm and domorum rarely
used only in the meaning at home, at
domi meae, domi
tuae,
domi
:
domiw
the
house
alienae, ai my, thy, another's house.
;
;
f
!
FOURTH DECLENSION.
23.]
X. Words
33
and Exercises for
to be learned
translatioru
um, hitter, indulgeo 2. /g^vc my«cZ/* um, agreeable^ up to. frango 3. / hreak, break sensus, us, m. sense^ grateful. praedltus, a, um, (with doum. feeling. succumbo 3. / w'nfe «nAh\.) endowed with. besiia, ae./. ammaZ. um, how der. vis (only Ace. vim and quantus, a, great. libenter, adv. with deAbl. vi) power force, Luctus, us, m.
amarus,
grief.
lusus, us, m. sport.
a,
gratus, a,
^
might,
puerilis, e, childish.
voluptas, atis, /. pleas- sapiens, tis, tme ure. a wise man.
genus,
eris, n.
gender, evito
kind,
i>aro
Lusus pueris gratus
.
Vis sensuum est magna.
hominibus paratis
The brave
Vir
O
grief, is
how
O
down by
There are various kinds of
The
sports,
how
minds of men
The
grief
(abl.)
The boys
sport.
serious
man
!
sports of chil-
give
avoids child-
you delight the minds of boys
pleasantly
sports the boys are delighted.
XI. Words
to be learned
and Exercises for
Fremitus, us, m. noise, tuus, a, um, thy. genu, us or u, n. knee, noster, tra, trum, our. tonitru, us or u, n. thun- vester, tra, trum, your, validus, a,
der.
um,
strong,
vigor, oris, m. power.
horribllis, e, frightful,
fulmen,
terribilis, e, terrible.
inis, n.
light-
supplex,
ning. robur, oris, n. strength.
multus,
non succumbit sensibus
grief.
themselves up to sports with delight
(abl.)
sua-
sensus, quantas voluptates
violently thou tormentest the
not broken
dren are agreeable.
ish sports.
O
quam
Sensus sunt
The power of grief is great. The The wise man endures grief
does not sink under
The wise man
lusus,
Animalia sunt praedita sensibus.
!
feeling of pain is bitter.
man
patiently.
In
fortis
Bestiae habent sensus acres.
doloris.
Pueri libenter in-
O
Pueri delectantur lusu.
!
vio-
lently.
Genera lusus sunt varia.
est.
animos puerorum delectas
acres.
vehementer, adv.
Vir gravis evitat lusum puerilem.
dulgent lusui. viter
light.
subst. suay Iter, adv. pleasantly,
I avoid. I provide.
1. ^
;
a,
icis,
suppliant
subst. the suppliant,
um, much, indico
1.
translation.
/ resound. / waver. permoveo 2. / move. resono
1.
vacillo
1.
antecedo 3. I precede. extimesco 3. 1fear. flecto 3. / bend. procu mbo 3. 1fall down. in (with Ace.
/ indicate.
in,
and
Abl.)
upon.
many. Tonitru
terribile
animos hominum permovet.
(tonitru) est horribllis.
timescunt tonitru.
O
Fulmen tonitru,
antec6dit tonitru.
quam
Fremitus tonitrus Multi homines ex-
horribllis est fremitus tuus.
Do-
FIFTH DECLENSION.
34
mus
24.
[$
Genua virorum sunt valida. Vigor genuum indiMagna vis est genlbus. Supplices procumbuut in In genibus est magna vis. ne vacillate
res6nat tonitru.
cat robur corporis.
O
genua.
genua,
!
The knee of man is strong. Power of the knee indicates strength of body. The knee has great power (== to the knee there is great In the power). The supphant bends the knee. O knee, waver not knee is great power. The thunder is terrible. The noise of the !
thunder
O
sounds with
and Exercises for
perniciosus,
puella, ae,/. girl.
a,
m. brother,
imber,
bris, ?m. rain.
piscis,
is,
um,
insignis,
e,
reinarkable.
aedifico
1.
/
habito
1.
adjaceo
m.Jish.
rex, regis, m. king.
um,
1 sit.
/
3.
gird,
contremisco 3.
sur-
/
quake.
pingo
I dwell.
2.
'2.
round.
timid.
(with Dat.)
/
3.
/ paint; acu
pingo, I embroider. saepe, adv. often.
by.
lie
con-
re-
translation.
sedeo cingo
build.
venator, dris, m. hunter, contorqueo 2. a,
cfe-
a,
timidus,
Boror, oris,/ sister.
continuus,
urn,
strudive.
Bagitta, ae./. arrow.
The house
terrible is thy noise.
thunderings (== thunders).
JVords to be learned
Pin us, us,/ jnne.
frater, tris,
how
thunder,
(abl.) frightful
Xn.
Fear thou
Lightnings precede the thunders.
frightful.
is
not the thunder.
/
hurl,
sub (with Abl.), under*
shoot.
tinux)us.
Aestate sub quercubus et in specubus libenter sedemus. gis ornatur multis pinlbus, ficis et lacubus.
Oratores timldi saepe omnibus artubus contremiscunt.
cubus
adjacet
trae
lacus.
domuum (domorum) Domos
tinui.
Dornus
contorquent
sagittas
is
We
remarkable. houses.
tiful
houses.
My
My
brothers
Many
In the lake are fishes. I
tremble in
sisters sit
The king dwells in a beautiThe height of the house The king has many and beau-
dwell in beautiful houses.
all
[my] limbs.
embroider.
in the
Many
A
great lake lies by our
houses are built in the city
garden under oaks, and
my
sisters in grottos.
arrows are shot by bows.
§ 24.
All nouns of the
and
perniciosi sunt imbres con-
regis chigunt multae pinus.
Oaks and pines surround our house. ful house.
Domui nosMagnus numerus est
domum.
Domibus
urbe.
Venatores ar-
altitudo est insignis.
Frater aedificat in
Hortus re-
Puellae acubus pingunt.
fifth
Fifth Declension.
declension end in the
are of the feminine gender.
Nom.
in es
; ;
FIFTH DECLENSION.
*24.]
35
Exceptions: MascuHtie are, dies, a day, and meridies, mid-day; yet when it signifies a definite day, a dayjbced upon or appointed, as dies dicta, dies constituta, a day appointed, also, dies in the Sing, is feminine :
when still,
signifies length
it
in both these
of
dies perexigua, a very short space sometimes used as masculine.
time, as
meanings
it is
:
Case-Endings and Paradigms. affair, thing.
S.
N. es
es
PI.
day.
res
dies,
rei
rerum
diei
S. res,
PI.
PI.
die-5
G.ei D.ei
erum ebus
ret
rebiis
diei
die6:s
A. em V. es A. e
es
rem
res
diem
dic5
es
res
res
die*
die-5
ebus
re
rebus
die-
diebvs.
Rem.
1.
The
c in ei,
the ending of the Gen. and Dat.
a consonant stands before it, as stands before it, as: diei, faciei.
Rem.
Only
die'riim
and
:
rei, fidei
is short
when
but long
;
when
a vowel
form
all the cases of the Sing, and Plur. declension are destitute of the Gen., Dat. and Abl. Plur., these cases being supplied by the corresponding cases of synonymous nouns of the other declensions. all
2.
res
the other nouns of the
Xin. Words
dies
fifth
to he learned
and Exercises for
translation.
ad versus, a, um, ad- dulcis, e, sweet. Spes, 6i,y*. hope. verse; res adversae, felicior, m. and^!, Sierumna, aef. hardship, cius,
adversity,
trouble.
certus, a,
vita, ae,/. life.
um, certain. um, uncer-
n.,
oris,
feli-
more
fortunate.
/ overwhelm. I refresh. conditio, onis, f. con- dubius, a, um, doubtful, amitto 3. / lose. humanus, a,um,/i7iman. oppouo S. I oppose. dition, state. facile, adv. easily. vanus, a, um, vain. tempus, oris, n. time.
solatium,
i,
consola- incertus, a,
n.
Spes incerta
Homines debemus
recreo
tain.
tion.
facile
et dubia est.
Vis spei est
indulgent spei vanae.
amittere in aerumnis vitae.
erorum hominum recreas sunt incertae et dubiae.
O
in
animis hominum.
feliciorum
Spe vana saepe fallimur. Conditio rerum humanurum
Ne
rebus adveris.
1.
temporum non
spes, dulci solatio
animos mis-
Res humanae Reest dubia.
extimescite res adversas.
humanae, quam saepe animos hominum afflictatur
magna
Spem
!
bus adversis opponite virtutem.
non
afflicto 1.
fallitis
!
Animus
O
res
sapientis
:
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES.
36
XIV. Words Fides,
6i,
learned
to be
rarus, a, u m,
/ Jidelity.
ship.
exemplum,i, n.exam/)Ze. verus,
a,
servo
rare.
um,
avolo
succedo
fidelity
etiam, conj. also.
call togeth-
modo /
of friends refreshes our minds in the hardships of
Examples our friends
we owe
now
are to
In the
!
bright,
all
now
men
The true friend
our safety.
O
also in adversity.
are
fidelity,
fidelity
lowery.
agreeable.
swiftly
delighted.
of the
1)
fly
Mid-day
away! is
of friends
3)
preserves [his] fidelity
we
men a The days
find satisfaction.
The arrival of the bright days of spring Lowery days follow bright days. We In
(abl.)
On
bright.
O ye
beautiful days of spring,
the bright days of spring
(abl.)
we
are
a certain day, the soldiers
Comparison of Adjectives and Participles,
There are three degrees of quality
The positive^ as The comparative^ :
the
man
as
the father
2) the son (pater est doct-ior
all
life.
the fidelity of
city are called together.
§ 25. 1.
you
To
thou providest for unfortunate
eagerly await the bright days of spring.
how
— modo, now —
now.
expect,
of true fidelity of friendship are rare.
haven
Ifollow.
await.
corrupted.
safe
3.
cito, adv. swiftly.
cupide, adv. eagerly.
adventus, us, m. arrival, convoco 1. 1 er. portus, us, m. haven. incorruptus, a, um, un- exspecto 1.
The
2.
isfadion.
true.
ish.
ver, eris, n. spring.
/ preserve.
/ owe. conquiesco 3. Ifndsat-
Ify away, van-
1.
1.
debeo
salus, utis,/. safety, wel- tristis, e, lowery, sad. fare.
35.
Exercises for translation.
and
ae, /. friend- serenus, a, um, bright, tutus, a, um, safe.
amicitia,
^
:
is
learned (vir est doctus);
more learned than
is
qumm fflius) ;
The superlative^ as Cicero was the most learned of Romans (Cicero erat doct-issimus omnium Roman:
the
orum). 2.
The
Latin,
superlative, in
is
used
also
general, a very high degree of a quality, as
:
to
express in
pater tuus est
doct-issimus^ thy father is very learned. 8.
For indicating
the comparative
and
superlative, the
Latin language has the following forms a) For the comparative : tor, Masc. and Fern., :
b)
For
the superlative
:
his,
isstmusy isstm,a, issimum.
neuter]
:
;
;
:
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND PAETICIPLES.
^25.1
37
These endings are joined directly to the stem, which all cases, by removing, in words of the second Declension, the Nominative-ending us, and in those 4.
may
be found, in
of the third, the Genitive-ending
Comp.
Laet-us, joiifvl
— — — — — — — — —
doct-us, learned
pudic-us, bashful^ modest imbecill-us, feeble lev-is, light fertll-is, fertile
dives (G.
divit-is), rich
prudens (G. prudent-is), prudent amaiis (G. amant-is), loving felix (G. felic-is),
5.
happy
is,
as Sup. \^eX-issimus,
laet-ior, ius
— — — — — — — — —
doct-ior
pudic-ior imbecill-tor lev-ior fertil-ior
divit-ior
prudent-ior
amant-ior felic-ior
a,
um
dioci-issimus
YiudXc-issimus
imbecill-miwiiw \ew-issimus {erxW-issimus
AWxi-isaimus
prudent-i*5imi«
amant-wMmiw felic-mmw*
Adjectives in er have the ending rimus,
a,
um
in the
superlative, as miser (G. miser-i),
a,
um
[unhappy) celer (G. cel6r-is),
miser-nmw5,
is,
e, [sim/l)
celer-ior, ius
miser-ior, ius
um
a,
celer-nmiw,
pulcher (G. pulchr-i),
a,
um
{heauii-
{poor)
pauper-ior, ius
ful) pulchr-ior, ius
pulcher-rimiw,
um
a,
pauper (G. pauper-is), pauper-rimws,
a,
a,
um.
um.
So also vetus, G. veter-is, old (Comp. veterior, ius, is rarely used) Sup. veter-rimus ; and nuper-us, a, um, recenty (Comp. wanting) Sup. :
nuper-rimus. 6.
tive
The
six following adjectives in
by adding limus
to the stem, viz
ilis :
form the superla-
facTlis, easy, difficTlis,
difficult, similis, like, dissimilis, unlike, gracilis, slim,
and humilis, facil-is,
7.
loiu,
C. facil-ior, ius
e
Compound
the comparative
by adding
slender^
as: S. facil-Zmii5, a,
um.
and volus, form and the superlative
adjectives in dicus ficus
by adding
entissimus, a,
maledlcus, slanderous magnificus, magnifcent benevolus, benevolent
um
entior, ius,
to the root, as
C. maledic-eniior
S. msX^AiQ-entissimus
magnific-en^ior
magmfic-entissimus
benevol-enfior
hcne}fo\-entissimus
:
;
:
;
COMPAEISON OF ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES.
38
But those
in dicus
(i
long) are
compared
; :
P25.
regularly, as
pudicus, bashful^ modesty pudic-ior, pudic-issimus. 8. Besides, the following adjectives of irregular compari-
son are
to
be observed
C
bonus, good malus, had
.
mel^oVf iuSj better
S. optimus, a,
pej-or
pesslmus
magnus, great
maj-or
parvus, small
min-or
maximus minimum
plures (m. (n.
nequam, wuhed senex, old
),plura
plurimi^ most
more S. nequissimus
C. nequ-ior, ,
wanting wanting
jun-ior
exterus, outward
exter-iovj
inferus, helow
infer-ior^
superus, above
super-ior^
posterus, hind
poster-ior,
9.
f.
sen-ior,
young
juvenis,
)
and
extremus, outermost ^
infimus and imus^ lowest supremus, and summvs postrtmuSj Undermost
Finally, there are several adjectives of
tive is
wanting,
best
plurimus, most
plus (neutr.) more
multus, much
Mm,
which the posi-
e. g. citer-ior, ius
citimus, nearest
(intra, within)
inter-ior, ius
intlmus, inmost
(ultra, beyond)
ulter-ior, ius
ultimus, last
(prope, near)
prop-ior, ius
proximus, next
(citra,
on
this side)
Rem. 1. Instead of the comparison by terminations, the Latin language often expresses the comparative by the positive with magis This (more), and the superlative by the positive with maxime (most). periphrastic form is necessary in those adjectives which want the terminational comparative and superlative. Rem. 2. Some adjectives have a superlative but not a comparative form, as: novus, new, novissimus; invictus, invincible, invictissimus. On the contrary, others have a comparative but not a superlative form, as diuturnus, lasting, diuturnior, maxime diuturnus procHvis, sloping^ inclined, proclivior, maxime proclivis especially, nearly all in "dis, llis, agllis, nimble, agilior, maxime agilis. dlis, bilis, as Rem. 3. To the adjectives which have not the terminational comparison, belong: a) those which have a vowel before the ending us, as; :
;
;
:
idoneus,
fit,
magis idoneus, maxime idoneus
;
plus, pious, affectionate
—
perspicuus, clear; egregius, excellent; necessanus, necessary all in, Icus, \mus, Inus, Ivus, orus, undus, andus, bundus, as slippery
;
:
b) nearly
lubricus,
legitimus, lawful, matutinus, early, fugitivus, fugitive, canorus,
—
harmonious, venerandus, worthy of veneration, moribundus, dying c) no particular class, as almus, nourishing, canus, hoary, cicur, tam^f claudus, lam£, compos, powerfvlj impos, impotent of curvus, bent^ several of
:
^
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES.
25.]
ferus, hiUd,
39
gnarus, acquainted with, mediocris, mediocre, inemor, mind-
mirus, wonderful, par, equal, proedltus, endowed with, rudis, rude, finally, some, which, on account of their signification, admit of etc. no degrees; e. g. those which denote a material; those compounded
fid
of,
—
;
and
•with per, prae (except praeclarus)
praedives, very
rich, subdifficilis,
diminutive form, as
:
XV. Words
to he
f
the
ae,/
nwon.
on is,/, reason.
simulatio, onis,/. ^re-
nature.
m. swn.
sol, solis,
sonltus, us, m. sound.
/
accommodatus, suited
swal-
secundus,
a,
um,/avor-
res secundae,
prosperity.
a,
um,
amabllis, e, amiable. velox, ocis,
surijl.
nihil, indecl., nothing,
to.
garrulus, a,
low.
um, mu-
a,
nificent
able;
tence.
sa\)\entm,ae,f. wisdom,
inis,
translation.
munificus,
odium, i, n. hatred. amor, oris, m. love. hirundo,
permagnus, very great, those having the ;
and Exercises for
learned
lux, lucis,/. light. ratio,
neficence.
natura,
:
difficult
parvulus, tiny, vetulus, oldish.
Beneficentia, ae,/. heluna, ae,
suh, as
somewhat
um,
chatter-
quam,
conj., than.
ing, loquacious,
liberalitas, atis,/ liberality.
quam beneficentia. Nihil quam sonitus. Nihil est Multi magis garruli sunt, quam hirundines. melius, quam sapientia. Pauperes saepe sunt munificentiores, quam divites. In adversis rebus saepe sunt homines prudentiores, quam in secundis. Divitissimorum Simulatio amoris pejor est, quam odium. vita saepe est miserrima. Nihil est melius, quam ratio. Sol major est, quam terra luna minor est, quam terra. Nihil est naturae hominis accommodatius,
est amabilius,
quam
virtus.
Lux
est velocior,
;
XVI. Words Patria,
to be
ae, /. native
country.
an ape. Syracusae, arum, / simia, ae,/.
malum,
i,
adulatio, 6nis,y!/af
m. a crow. n. evil.
murus, i, m. a wall. Homerus, i, m. Homer, Lacedaemonius, i, m. a Lacedemonian
beneficus,
a,
um,
6ene/*-
icent.
um, Greek. um, his, her^
similitudo, inis,/. simi- Graecus, a,
suus,
larity.
valetudo, inis,
/
health.
a,
its.
virgo, inis,
/
a young
woman.
black,
a,
quented.
bre vis,
crus, uris, n. shin, leg.
beatus,
grum,
celeber, bris, bre, fre-
ship.
happy.
beatissimus est sapiens.
e, short.
simplex,
um, peaceful, valeo
labor, oris, m. labor.
Omnium
translation.
affinitas, atis,/ relation- niger, gra,
Syracuse. i,
and Exercises far
ry.
poeta, ae, m. a poet.
corvus,
learned
2.
icis, simple.
I am
strong,
avail.
contemno
3.
/ despise.
Homerus omnium Graecorum
:
CLASSIFICATION AND FORMATION OF ADVERBS.
40 poetarum cusae
est veterrimus.
maxima
et
Adulatio est pessimum malum.
pulcherrima erat
26.
Urbs Syra-
omnium Graecarum urbium.
simi homines sunt maledicentissimi.
morum, quam
[§
Pes-
In amicitia plus valet similitude
affinitas.
God is the greatest, best and wisest The customs of the Lacedemonians were very simple. The horse is very swift. Crows are very black. The haven is very much frequented. The father is very benevolent and very beneficent. The king is building a very magnificent palace (=house). Young women should (= must) be veiy modest. The ape is very much like man. The leg of the stork is very slender. Nothing is sweeter than friendThe Lacedemonians were very brave. Light is very swift. ship. Nothing is worse than the pretence of love. The sun is very great The life of man is veiy short. The richest are often the most wretched. The poorest are often the happiest. The labor is very easy. The customs of men are very unlike. The king is very munificent. The worst men are often very happy. The best men are often despised by (ab) the worst. The health of my friend is very feeble. The garden of thy father is very beautiful. The labor is very hard. The Nothing
is
better than virtue.
-of all.
walls of the city are very low.
Most men love
CHAPTER
their native countiy.
V.
Of the Adverb. §
1.
26.
Classification
and Formation of Adverbs.
The common endings of adverbs
{iter) ;
(§ 6, 4.)
are e
and er
those derived from adjectives of the second declen-
sion, axe
formed by annexing
e to
the root of the adjective,
as: clarns, clar-e, liber (G. liber-i), liber-e, pulcher (G. pulchr-i), pulchr-e.
Only bene
(well)
(badly), from malus have a short
from bonus, and male
e.
Adverbs derived from adjectives of the third declenby adding er to the stem of those in ans and ens, and iter to the stem of all others, as 2.
sion are formed,
um, dear^ renoumed um, (G. Iib6r-i),/ree
clar-us, a,
clar-c
liber, a,
lib^r-e
:
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS.
$27.] pulcher, chra,
chrum
pulchr-e
(G. pulchr-i)
prudens (G. prudent-is), knowing
amans
prudent-cr
amant-er
(G. amant-is), loving
fortis (G. fort-is), brave
Audax
41
fort-iter
(G. audac-is), bold, has audac-fer (for audac-lter).
Besides adverbs of the above-named endings, there
3.
number which have
are a
the termination of neuter adjec-
tives in either the accusative or ablative case, as
micch,
plurimum, most, solum and tantum,
difficile
(and
:
multum,
ow/?/, facile, easily^
difficulter), 26;tYA difficulti/, lecens, recently
tuto, safely, raro, rarely, continuo,
,•'—>
immediately, cTehro, fre-
quently, falso, falsely, subito, suddenly, perpeiuo, continually, 4. itus,
There are
still
from heaven,
grees,
other adverbial terminations, as
passm, everyivhere ; caterva^im, by
by flocks,
:
coel-
penitus, deeply, entirely; sensim, by detroops,
grega^m,
etc.
§ 27.
Comparison of Adverbs,
Adverbs derived from adjectives use
for the comparative,
the neuter singular of the comparative of the adjectives
from which they are derived, and in the superlative change us of the superlative of their adjectives into laet-e, joijfvlly
Comp.
\aet-ius
e,
as
Sup laet-mime, most joyfully .
doct-e, learnedly
doct-ius
doct-issime
lev-iter, lightly
lev-ius
lev-issime
felic-Iter,
happily
magnific-e, magnificently
feVic-ius
felic-issim^
magnific-entitis
magnific-cn^wsi'mc
simil-iter, alike
sinn\-ius
simil-Zme
ben-e, well
mel-ius better
optime, best
mal-e, badly
pejus
pessimje.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
42
CHAPTER
Of the Pronoun § a.
28.
I.
[^28.
VI.
(Comp.
§ 6, 5).
Personal Pronouns.
Substanti ve Personal Pronouns. Singular.
Nom. 6g6,/ mei, of me mlhi, to me
Gen. Dat. Ace.
wanting
thou
tu,
tibi, to thee
self etc.
Abl.
me, me me, by me
Nom.
DOS,
<5en.
nostri,
of \jls nostrum, of armng
Dat.
nobis, to us
vobis
Ace.
nos, u^
vos,
Abl.
nobis, by us.
vobis, by you.
te, thee te,
of himself her-
sui,
of thee
tui,
sibi, to
by thee
himself etc.
himself etc. se, by himself etc. se,
Plural.
we
vos,
of you vestrum, of among
1.
The Voc. of
The
preposition
etc.,
thus
:
of themselves
sui,
you
us
Rem.
wanting
you
vestri,
all
to
you
sibi, to
you
themselves
se, themselves
se,
the pronouns, if used,
by themselves.
is
like the
Nom.
cum (with), which governs the Abl., is joined to me, te, mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, vobiscum, unth me, wiih
wiih one's self with us, with you. Rem. 2. In order to give more emphasis to the personal pronouns, the syllable met is added to all the forms given in the above table, with the exception of tu and the Gen. Plur. of ego and tu, as egomet, tethee,
:
met, siblmet, nosmet, vosmet ;^to tu is added te : tute, thou thyself se is doubled to render it more emphatic sese. For the difference of meaning between nostri, vestri and nostrum, vestrum, see § 94.
—
b.
:
Adjective Personal Pronouns or Possessive
Pronouns. Adjective-personal pronouns are formed from the Gen. of Substantive-personal pronouns. They are called possessive,
because they represent an object(B|as the possession first, second or third person.
of an individual of the
From
— — — —
wiei
comes mens, mea,
tui
sui nostri vestri
— — — —
meum,
my. (For the Voc. mi see § iV.
tuum, thy. suus, sua, suum, his, her, noster, nostra, nostrum, our. tuus,
tua,
vester, vestra, vestrum, your.
its.
Rem.
1.)
$
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
28.]
43
Remark 3. For giving greater force and emphasis, the ending pte joined to the Abl. Sing, of suits, as suopte manu, udth his (own, very) For the same reason also, met hand, suopte gladio (with his sword). (see Rem. 2) is joined to the oblique cases of suus, as suismet capitibus. is
:
:
XVII. Words Magister,
tri,
praeceptum,
m. teacher, aequalis, n.
i,
and Exercises for
to be learned
laboro 1. / labor. narro 1. I relate.
e. eqv^il.
pre- SRlutAils,
e.
salutary.
canto 1. / sing. clamo 1. I cry. tractatio, onis, f. hand- impero 1. (with Dat.) / ling, pursuit. command, govern. ^ Veritas, atis,/ truth. imperium, i, n. comcept, principle.
[er.
praeceptor,6ris, m.imcA-
gratus, a, urn, agreeable. iratus,
um,
a,
translation.
/ call. I grieve. disco 3. / learn. ludo 3. I play. voco
1.
doleo
2.
attente, adv. attentively, inter, praep. (with Ace),
mxind, dominion.
between,
offended,
among.
angry.
Rule of Syntax. The personal pronouns in the Nom., 6g*o, tu, etc., when there is some emphasis to be placed upon them, hence especially in antitheses. The same is true of the possessive are used only
pronouns, meus, tuus,
me amat
frater
Ego
(not
frater
meus
meus me
canto, tu clamas, amicus
fratres laborant.
docemus, vos,
Nos
etc., e. g.
:
Ego
Ego
tio
sibi
maximum imperium
litterarum nobis salutaris
XVIII. Words
Modus,
i,
i,
n.
to be
Ego
salio, tu ;
feris,
vos, boni
puer
discipuli,
Imnon est apud se. TractaVeritas semper mihi grata est.
est.
learned
dimico
saltatis,
Nos, praeceptores,
Virtutes inter se aequales sunt. Iratus
and Exercises for a,
um,
par, aris, equal.
a fault.
but:
ludo, tu discis, soror acu pingit
pingunt.
est.
m. measure, proximus,
manner. vitium,
Nos narramus, vos
Nos, magistri, vos, o discipuli, erudimus
attente auditis praecepta nostra.
perare
vocat.
legltis, fratres
;
amat).
rides, frater dolet.
discipuli, discitis.
scribimus, vos
dormit
fleo, tu
frater diligens est,
1.
next,
translation.
obrepo
3.
(with dat.) 1
creap up, steal upon.
Ifight.
acrlter, adv. spiHtedly.
m. citizen. discordo 1. I am at va- per, praep. (with ace), parentes, ium, m. pariance with. through. rents. porto 1. / bear, carry. propter, praep. (with caput, itis, n. head. faveo 2. Ifavor. ace), on account of. cantus, us/fn^ong-. splendeo 2. / shine. de,praep. (with abl), of, redltus, iis, m. return. expeto 3. / strive to obconcerning, over, at. civis, is,
tain.
Vitia nobis virtutum vetis nobis.
est
Tu me
nomine obrepunt.
amas, ego
te
amo.
Virtus splendet per se semper.
Nos favemus Mihi mea
Cantus nos
vobis, vos fa-
vita, tibi,
delectat.
tua cara
Parentes
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
44
[^28.
O mi fili, semper mihi pare Frater me et te Egomet mihi sum proximus. Tute tibi impera. Virtus prop-
a nobis diliguntur. amat.
!
Suapte natura virtus expetitur. Gives de suismet Sapiens omnia sua secum portat Nos vobiscum de patris reditu gaudemus. Tu tecum pugnas. Oratio tua tecum pugDeus tecum est. Saepe animus secum discordat Hostes nobisnat. ter sese
colitur.
capitibus dimicant.
cum
acrlter pugnant.
We
I relate, thou dancest, the brother labors.
friends call.
the teacher, teach
I,
weep, you laugh, the brothers
We
er paints.
scholar
;
The enemies
precepts.
not in
you
play,
O
instruct thee,
tJieir
mind
right
grieve.
I write,
fight
(=
write, the
We
thou readest, the broth-
learn, the sisters embroider.
thou,
you
sing,
thou, the scholar, learnest.
;
the teacher,
I,
good scholar, hearest attentively my Angry [men] are spiritedly with you.
O
God
by themselves).
with
is
You
us.
re-
joice with us at the return of [our] father.
my [secrets] with myself. O my son and my daughter, me You love us, we love you. Our life is dear to us, you. Bad men are always at variance with themselves. The
I carry all
always obey yours to
!
pursuit of literature
is
us.
Our
Men
love themselves.
thou favorest me.
Cura, ae, /.
Virtue
Our
XIX. Words
i.
n. long-
icis,
and Exercises for
um,
in-
preserver. icis,
benignus,
m. judge.
a,
um,
kind,
translation.
mindful
um, wonder- potens,
a,
a,
um,
/aifft.-
oris,
ntis, nofjsot^;-
erful, not
insiplens, ntis, unwise,
ango
oris,
2.
3.
powerful,
of.
impotens,
teneo
un-
of.
ntis,
master
absens, ntis, absent.
memor,^
I favor thee,
immemor,
less.
f.
equal) manner.
dear to us.
is
ful, extraordinary.
perfidus,
ing, desire.
conservatrix,
(=
beautiful in (per) itself
industrius, a,
mirus,
ae,/. anger.
always agreeable to
is
in (abl.) like
dustrious, diligent.
desiderium,
judex,
is
learned
cern. ira,
me
native country
to he
care, con-
Truth
salutary to me.
parents love thee and
/
master
of.
hold, possess.
1 trouble.
mindful
of
Omnis natura desiderium urbis,
est conservatrix sui (presei*ver
meorum
et tui
me tenet
of
herself).
(longing after the
Mirum
city, etc.).
Pater vehementer tua sui memoria delectatur (by thy remembrance of Ira est impotens sui.
him).
cura
me
cessui.
Sapiens semper potens sui
angit (concern for you).
Omnes homines
est.
Vestri
sunt benigni judi-
Vehementer grata mihi est memoria nostri tua (thy rememus). Amicus mei et tui est memor. Pater absens magno
brance of
;
;
;
:
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
$29.1
desiderio tenetur mei, et
memores.
nostri
tui,
mi
frater, et vestri,
45 Amici sunt
o sorores.
Plurimi nostrum te
Multi vestrum mihi placent.
valde diligunt.
The absent [man]
The
faithless friend is
The unwise unmindful of
Your remembrance of me is very agreeable. Care about thee The most of you, my scholars, are diligent.
me.
(=
(= of us).
father has a great concern /or us
not master of himself.
is
of thee) troubles me.
The most of
us love [our] native country.
§
29. II. Demonstrative Pronouns. Singular.
Nom.
IS,
Gen.
ejus,
ea, id, Ae, she,
same
the
it ;
|
i-dem, ea-dem, i-dem, the very
same of him, same
Dat.
ei, to
Ace.
eum, eam,
Abl.
eo, ea,
him, her,
her,
it;
the
it ; to
the
of
same
him, her,
it ;
the
eo, ly him, her,
it ;
by
id,
same
ejus-dem, ofth£ very same to the very same eun-dem, ean-dem, idem, the very same eo-dem, ea-dem, eo-dem, by the
ei-dem,
the same.
very same. Plural.
Nom. Gen. Dat.
eae, ea, they
ii,
;
the
1
ii-dem, eae-dem, ea-dem, the
same
eorum, earum, eorum, of them of the same iis (seldom eis), to them; to
very same eorun-dem, earun-dem, eorundem, o/ the very same
iis-dem (eis-dem),
Ace.
eos, eas, ea, them
Abl.
iis
;
the
same
(seldom mj, by them
1.
very
tJie
;
by
eos-dem, eas-dem, ea-dem, the very same iis-dem (eis-dem), by the very same.
the same.
Remark.
to
same
the sarne
The pronoun
is,
ea, id
may
be translated as follows
1) the
same (the one just mentioned); 2) Gen.
son.
Dat., to him, to her, to
e. g.
filius
it.
eorum or earum,
Ace. him,
e. g.
her, it
their son, Dat.
to
;
filius ejus, his
Plur.
Nom.
or her
they,
them, Ace. them
—
Gen.
—
3) in
connection with a noun this, e. g. eum regem, this king; 4) he, shCf (who). In the oblique cases, it is distinguished from sui and suus in meaning, by not referring back, as they do, to the subject of the :
it
sentence.
:
;
;
;
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
46
[§29.
Singular. ill6, ilia, illud,
Norn.
istg, ista, istad, this, that
Gen.
istius,
Dat.
istI, to this, to
Ace.
istum, islam, istud, this, that isto, ista, isto, by this, by that.
Abl.
of this, of that
illi
us,
thM
of that
to that ilium, illam, illud, that
that
illi,
illo, ilia, illo,
by that.
Plural (after the II. Dec.)
N. N.
isti,
ae, a
illi,
G. istorum, arum, orum G. illorum, arum, orum
ae, a; ;
;
;
D. and Abl. istis; A. istos, as, a D. and Abl. illis ; A. illos, as, a. ;
Singular.
Nom.|hIc, haec, hoc, Gen. hujus, of this
ipse, ipsa,
this
ipsum, self
ipslus
Dat.
huic, to this
ipsi
Ace. Abl.
hunc, banc, hoc, this
ipsum, ipsam, ipsum
hoc, hac, hoc, by this.
ipso, ipsa, ipso.
Plural.
N. hi,hae,Aacc; G. horum,harum, horum; D. and Abl. his; A. hos, has, Aace; N. ipsi, ipsae, ipsa G. ipsorum, arum, orum; D. and Abl. ipsis; A. ipsos,as,a. ;
Remark
2. The enclitic ce is joined to hie, haec, hoc in order to indemonstrative power : hicce, haecce, hocce, this here ; the From following forms occur most frequently hujusce, hosce, hisce. these forms connected with the interrogative particle ne we have hiccine, haeccine, hoccine, this ? but in general only after a foregoing c. Also from the connection of this ce with iste and ille we have the folillic, illaec, illuc ; Ace. isSing. N. istic, istaec, istuc lowing forms
crease
its
:
:
;
:
tunc, istanc, istuc illoc
;
;
illunc, illanc, illuc
PL N. and Ace. Neut
The student may idem equus,
Abl.
istoc, istac, istoc
;
illoc, iliac,
istaec, illaec.
decline
very same horse,
the
;
eadem
idem ejusdem ranae, ejusdem
rana, the very same frog,
vitium, the very same fault, G. ejusdem equi, vitii
iste vir, this
man,
viri, istius
ista
femina,
this
woman, istud nomen,
this
name, istius
feminae, istius nomlnis
hie puer, this boy, haec puella, this girl, hoc praeceptum, this precept, hujus pueri, hujus puellae, hujus praecepti ille
sensus, that feeling,
illius
Rem.
sensus, 3.
ilia
illius rei, illius
res, that thing, illud cornu,
cornus
titat
horn^
(u).
Hie, haec, hoc, refers to an object in the presence of the one speak-
ing, which pertains to the one speaking or which he calls attention to
an object in
;
iste,
of the one addressed or which pertains to the one addressed ; ille, ilia, illud refers to an object which lies remote from the speaker and forms a contrast with hie, haec, hoc. ista,
istud refers to
the presence
$
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
29.]
XX. Words
and
learned
to be
Exercises for translation.
dux, uc\s,m. leader, gen-
Diligentia, ae, f. diligence, exactness.
47
mendax,
eral.
acis,
lying,
liar.
Xenophon, ontis, m. hebeto 1. / hlunt, enarum,/. a^e
.
/
elegans, ntis, elegant.
thority.
tarditas,
atis, /.
iners,
sloto-
ness, indolence.
Xenophon
Amicum
sima
sunt.
parent.
Haec
elegantissimus
est
lege
;
hunc expgte.
Illi
viro
sententia
;
scriptor
ejus
;
addictissimus sum.
ei
me
litterae graviter
omnes
trust.
libros libenter
Fratris
movent.
lego.
carmen valde ;
illam vita,
Haec carmlna
suavis-
Huic duci milites libenter Praeclarum est istud tuum praceptum.
favent.
mihi placet,
praeceptum.
maxima.
vitup&ro
illi
Iste tuus
Hujus
Hoc bellum
displicet.
ilia
industrlus est,
toritas est ;
/ believe,
homini mendaci ne crede.
mum. Hie puer illud
3.
Ignavia corpus hebetat, labor firmat
id.
Hae
Isti
to.
awkward, credo
inactive.
fidum babeo
mihi placet
ertis,
amicus
est saevissi-
Memoria teneo praeclarum
iners.
ille
est vir oj>timus.
discipuli diligentia
m
Ista vestra auc-
kudo,
illius
tarditatem
schola est gratissima, huic molestissima.
XXI. Words
to be
and Exercises for
learned
Fortuna, ae,//oriwne. clarus, a, um, clear, reAlexander, dri, m. Alexnowned. ander. Delphicus, a um, DelPompeius, i, m. Pomphic. inimicus,
pey.
a,
um,^05
tracto
translation. 1.
I pursue.
obsideo 2. / besiege. studeo 2. I strive. fido 3. d'lffido.
I trust. I distrust.
subst. enemy. nosco 3. I am acquainti, n. deed. seditiosus, a, um, sedimeritum, i, n. desert. ed urlth, know. tious. agnosco 3. [understand. oraculum, i, n. oracle. Caesar, aris, m. Caesar, admirabilis, e, wonder- resisto 3. Iresist. imperator, oris, m. gensentio 4. / feel, think, ful.
factum,
laudabllis, e,praisewor-
eral.
virtus, litis,/ bravery.
opus,
eris, n.
work.
expugno
1.
Multi homines de iisdem rebus sipiens
eidem sententiae modo
ditiosi milites resistunt.
judge.
[.fr.
pro, praep. (with abl.)
thy.
1 capture.
eodem
fidit,
Animus
die
modo
quia, conj. because.
non eadem
difFidit.
ipse se movet.
sentiunt.
In-
Ipsi imperatori se-
Virtus est per se ipsa
48
RELATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
laudabilis.
Saepe
animal se ipsum
Praeclarum
ipsi.
Xenophon
is
sibi ipse.
praeceptum oraculi Delphici
30.
Omne
quam nosmet
Carior nobis esse debet patria,
est illud
Mendax saepe
sum.
homini inimicius, quam
nihil est
diligit.
[^
:
Nosce
te ip-
sibi ipsi difFidit
a very elegant writer, I read him with very great debrother and his friend are very dear to me.
The
light (libentissime).
teacher praises and censures the scholars according to {pro with
The
abl.) their desert.
We
perceive
God from
parents, because their deserts to
enemies besiege the This book
I
city
and
[de
with
strive to capture
read with delight.
We
his works. abl.)
honor [our]
us are very great.
The
it.
This poem pleases me, that
dis-
The deeds of that great Alexander are extolled by (ab) all writers. Caesar and Pompey were very renowned generals to that, fortune was more favorable than to pleases.
I praise the
industry of this scholar.
;
this
the bravery of this
;
The king himself
is
and that [one] was wonderful. leader
of the army.
Thou
dost not always
The
judge the very same concerning the very same thing. the
son pursue the very same literary studies are
virtues
of (per) themselves praiseworthy.
(=
Man
§ 30. III.
and
The
loves himself.
[Thy] native country ought to be dearer to thee than
Understand yourselves.
father
literature).
thou thyself
Liars often distrust themselves.
Relative Pronouns.
IV. Interrogative Pronouns.
Singular.
Nom.
quod, who, which cujus, whose, of whom, of which qui, quae,
Gen.
quis{m. &/),.quid, who ? whaf^ cujus, whose ? of whom ? of what ?
whaf?
Dat.
cui, to
cui, to
whom'^
Ace.
quern, quam, quod, whom, which
quern,
quam,
Abl.
quo, qua, quo, by whom, by which
quo, qua, quo, by whom, by what ?
whom,
to
which
to
quid, ivhom ? what?
Plural.
Nom. Gen. Dat.
Ace. Abl.
'
which qui, quae, quae, who ? what ? quarum, quorum, quorum, quarum, quorum whose, of whom, ofivhich whose? of whom? of what? qiiibus, to whom, to which quibus, to whom ? to what ? quos, quas, quae, ivhom, which quos, quas, quae, ivhom? what? quibus, by whom, by which. quibus, by whom? by what? qui, quae, quae, who,
quorum,
Rem. 1. The preposition cum is joined to the Abl., as: quocum, for which quicum is often used. Rem. 2. In quisquis [quaequae rare), 92ac9iac?( whoever, whatever) both pronouns are declined, as: quoquo, quibusquibiis, e. g. quoquo modo
§
RELATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
30.]
res se habet, in whatever ever
On
it is ;
way
soever, whatsoever) cunque
Rem.
est,
what^
So
barely annexed to the different cases
is
G. cujuscunque, etc.
:
used
Quis, quid, are
3.
quicquid id
itself;
the contrary, in quicunque^ quaecunque, quodcunque (which-
^M?, quae^ quod, as
scribitiH' ?
thing has
the
49
substantively, as
Ace, as
also in the
quid agis
:
of
:
quis
:
scribit ?
quid
The remaining forms
?
do not differ from qui, quae, quod used interrogatively but qui, quae, quod in this case, is always an adjective, e. g. quern vides ? whom do you For the purpose of see ? quem houiinem vides ? what man do you see ? strengthening the interrogation, nam is annexed to the above mentioned interrogative pronouns, as: quisnam clamat ? who cries out thenf quidnam agis? what do you do then'^ quinam homo clamat.^ quaenam. mulier venit.^^ quodnam genus est.^ and so through all the cases. ;
XXII. fVords
to be
learned
Civitas, atis,/. state.
probus,
lex, egis,/. law.
sanctus,
' mors, rtis, /. death. mitis, immaturus, a, um, wn- euro
e,
a,
and Exercises for
um, um,
um, just. a, um,
maleficus,
devasto evil ;
sacred,
gero 3. I carry on. succurro 3. / assist.
(with 1.
guberno
subst. evil-doer.
1 honor.
honoro
mild.
1.
translation.
upright,
ace.)
I ex'dudlo
care for, look out for.
timely.
Justus, a,
a,
1.
4.
I
listen to.
ardenter, adv. ardently y
I lay waste. / govern,
eagerly.
1.
rule.
Rex, qui civitatem gubernat, civium salutem curare debet. jus imperium mite et justum
est,
omnes
cui leges sunt sanctae, cives colunt
O
amant.
rex, qui civitatem
Felix est rex,
mors eorum, qui immortale opus parant.
bonum, quod ardenter expetimus. praeceptis regitur.
Hostis,
Regem,
quem omnes
nostram gubernas, honora bonos
terre maleficos, succurre miseris, exaudi probos est
Regi, cu-^
cives libenter parent.
Beati sunt
quocum bellum
Acerba
!
immatura
et
Non semper ii,
quorum
geritur,
cives cives,
est illud
vita virtutia
terram nostram
de-^
vastat.
The
kings
who govern
welfare of the citizens. just, all citizens
all
states,
ought to look out for
(ace.)
kings,
whose government
mild and
by
all
the citizens.
the citizens.
the good citizens, frighten the
upright
!
The
The
obey with delight
sacred, are obeyed
are loved by
the
The
enemies, with
O
kings,
whom
the
the laws are
The kings are fortunate, who who govern our states, honor
evil, assist
whom
kings, to
is
the wretched, listen to the
you carry on war, lay waste our
land.
XXIII. Words
to be
learned
and Exercises for
translation.
Luscinia, ae, /. night- ij^eccki\im,\,n. sin, fault, honestus, ingale. opinio, onis, /. opinion. ous.
5
a,
um, w»/m-
;
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
50
[$
31.
indulgeo 2. 1 am indulcogito 1. I think of. um, false. gent to. / torment. a, um, disa- excrucio repugno 1. I am repug- ago 3. / drive^ do, treat, greeable, ungrateful, dico 3. / say, tell. nant to. utilis, e, useful. ambulo 1. I go to walk, habeo 2. 7 have; me quaero 3. I seek.
falsus, a,
ingiatus,
I
.
habeo, / have myself,
take a walk.
cur, why.
Quis me vocat ? Quid agis, mi amice ? Quis scribit has litteras ? Quid cogltas ? Quid ago? cur me excrucio? Quae amieitia est inter ingratos ? Quod carmen legis ? Quis homo venit ? Quis poeta dulcior est, quam Homerus ? Cujus vox suavior est, quam vox lusciniae ?
Quibus peccatis Quicquid
Quaecunque opinio
What
indulgemus
facillime
honestum, idem est
Quoquo modo
tempore. do.
est
sayest
thou
?
?
repugnat, falsa
veritati
Who
To whom
ever manner the thing has
§ 31.
Quicquid
vides, currit
res sese habet, ego sententiam
With whom does thy friend go book readest thou
?
utile.
that
to
walk
we
cum
defen-
est.
Who is that woman ? Whom seekest thou ? What
man ? ?
dost thou write this letter ?
itselfj
V.
1) quis, qua, quid,
is
meam
In what-
praise thy view.
Indefinite Pronouns.
any
Ace. quem, quam, quid.
one^
Nom.
any thing (substantively), Pi. qui, quae, qua; the re-
maining cases are the same as those of the relative qui^ quae, quod;—
ae, a;
—
Ace. aliquem, aliquam, aliquid, aliqui, aliqua (aliquae
adjectively).
PL
aliqui,
ae,,
Nom.
PI. aliqui,
very seldom), aliquod, (used
a;
3) quispiam,
quaepiam^ quidpiam, any one, some one, any thing, some thing (i. e. any one, etc., indifferently from a larger number), used substantively ;—qm^^mm, quaepiam, quodpiam, (used adjectively), G. cujuspiam, etc.; 4) quisquam, quicquam, (scarcely, hardly,) one, any one, any thing, used substantively; quisquam, (quaequam. rare), quodquam, used a^yec^iz;e/y, G. cujusquam, etc.; this pronoun is used principally in negative sentences 5) ecquis, ecqua, ecquod, lohether
any one
?
any
thiiig?
;
;
CORRELATIVE PRONOUNS.
32.]
$
61
used substantively ; ecqui, ecquae, ecquod, used adjectively, G. eccujus, etc.
quidam, quaedam, quiddam, ct certain one^a certain used substantively ; quidam, quaedam, quodam, used adjectively^ G. cujusdam, etc.; 7) quisque, quaeque, quidque, (as subst.)^ and quodque, (as adj.) each one^ each., G. cuj usque, etc. unusquisque, unaquaeque, unumquidque (as subst.), and unumquodque, (as adj.), each one (to a man), G. uniuscujusque, etc.; quivis, quaevis, quidvis (as subst.), and quodvis (as adj.), any one, any thing you choose, without exception, G. cujusvis, etc. quilibet, quaelTbet, quidlibet (as subst.), and quodlibet (as adj.), any one, any thing you please, indifferently, G. cu6)
things
;
;
juslibet, etc.
8) alius, alter, ullus, wullus, neuter, see in
XXIV. Words
to be
kamed and
<5>
33,
Graecia, ae,y! Greece.
d\gmta.s,a.t\s, f. dignity,
impendeo
mens,
inhaereo
locus,
i,
m. a place,
ing,
sit-
5.
Exercises for translation.
pecunia, ae,y! monei/.
t\s,
Rem.
f. understand-
intellect.
adlmo
3.
I threaten. I inJiere.
2.
2.
/ take away. I give. adv. on this ac-
jus, uris, n. wfuit is just, tribuo 3.
tuition.
augurium, i, n. presage, justitia, slg, f. justice. saecdlum, i, n. hundred futurus, a, um, future. years, an age. insitus, a, um, inborn,
idcirco, count.
quasi, adv. as
if.
terror, oris, m. terror.
Si mortem timemus, semper aliqui terror nobis impendet. Si cuipiam pecuniam fortuna adimit, idcirco miser non est Graecia parvum quendam locum Europae tenet Inhaeret in mentibus nostris quasi quoddam augurium futurorum saeculorum. In unoquoque virorum bo-
norum que.
habitat deus.
Justitia jus unicuique tribiiit
Cuique nostrum amor
§ 32.
pro dignitate cujus-
vitae est insitus,
Correlative Pronouns.
Under correlative pronouns are embraced all those pronouns which express a reciprocal relation (correlation) to each other and exhibit this relation by corresponding forms.
Thus
e. g.
OF THE NUMERAL.
52
Demonstrat.
Interrogative. qualis, of
what
talis,
of such
quantus, how great?
tantus,
quot,* hoto many ?
tot,*
Relative.
fndef. Relative.
qualis,o/icAaf
qualiscunque, of tchatever kind
Indefinite.
a kind^such
kind?
so
aliquantiis.
somewhat
great
P 32.
/cmrf, as quantus, as great
quantuscunque, however great
great 50 many totidem,*jwsf so many
XXV. Bonum,
a
imitator, oris, tor.
exsistunt.
first,
[fault.
Non tantum malum est
tot sunt sententiae.
quantum
illud,
Quales sunt duces,
quod permulti
Ne contemne homines
sunt, totldem oratorum ge-
tales sunt milltes.
Quotquot homines
sunt,
Qualis est tales solent
miseros, qualescunque sunt
bona, quantacunque
fortunae
hoc,
imitatores prin-
Quales in republica sunt principes,
rex, talis est grex.
et
translation.
prince.
Quot genera orationum
nera reperiuntur.
esse cives.
many.
herd.
Quot sunt homines,
poris
and Exercises for
the state.
-quod peccant principes,
cipum
ever
permultus, a, um, very pecco 1. I sin, commit a soleo 2. lam accustomed. much, many. exsisto 3. / exist, am. m. imita- fragilis, e, perishable. quod, conj. because, thai.
des.
.grex, egis, nu
many
respubllca, reipubllcae, princeps, ipis, m.
good,
m. Jtisti-
is.
quotunque*, or quotquot,* how-
as
qnot,*
some
Jfords to be learned
n. the
i,
Aristides,
1
aliquot,*
sunt, incerta
omnes vitam amant.
Cor-
ac fragilia sunt.
Quotcunque sunt
scrip-
^res, omnes Aristidis justitiam praedicant
CHAPTER
Vn.
Of the Numeral. § 33.
Classification
and Tabular View of the Numerals,
Numerals (§ 6, 6) according to their meaning, divided into the following classes
may
be
:
a)
Cardinals,
which answer the question, hoio many?
quot
one, two, etc.
?
as
:
* All these words are indeclinable and are used only in the plural, as ^uot homines sunt ? tothominumnumerus j aliquot hominibus ; tot homines,
OF THE NUMERAL.
$33.]
|RB
Rem. 1. The first three cardinal numbers are declined (Remarks but from 4 to 100 they are indeclinable, while 5 and 6, pp. 56, 57) from 200 to 900 they are declined like the phiral of adjectives of three endings in i, ae, a. For mUle see Rem. 4. p. 56. ;
b)
Ordinals^
which answer the question,
They
quotus?
a series?
lohich in
as:
ivhich in order ?
firsts
second^
etc.
are all declined like adjectives of three endings
in W5, a, um,
which answer the question, hoio many a time ? how many a-piece ? quoteni ? as one by one, two by two, etc. d) Numeral adverbs, which answer the question, how
c) Distributives,
at
:
many Rem.
mum
2.
times ? quoties
:
f)
as, once, tivice, etc.
The numeral adverbs
(rarely primo),
derived from the ordinals ; viz. priwhich iterum is generally used setertium, quartum, etc., answer the question, what
secundo
cundum'is very rare), place in order ? as in e)
?
:
(for
the first place,
;
second place, etc.
Multiplicatives, which answer the question, hoiv many fold? quotuplex. They end mplex and are declined after the third Dec. as: duplex (for all genders), ^i<;o fold, double, G. duplicis. Proportionals, which answer the question, how many
times as great ? quotuplus
plum, as
:
duplus,
a,
um,
?
tivice
They end as
in plus, pla,
g^reat, (as
something
else taken as a unit of measure).
All these classes of numerals, except the last two, are merely
numeral adjectives and but
parison with the others, in the following table.
5*
which
used in comare exhibited in parallel columns little
NUMERALS.
54
[$33.
TABLE OF Cardinal (how
many
1
?)
3.
ties, ia, three
tertius, third
4.
quartus, /oMr
5.
quattuor,/oMr quinque,j?ce
6.
sex, six
7.
septem, seven
quintuSj^/zA
8.
octo, eight
9.
novem, nine
sextus, sixth Septimus, seventh octavus, eighth nonus, ninth
10. 11. 12.
decem, ten undecim, eleven duodgcim, twelve
decimus, tenth undecimus, eleventh duodecimus, twelfth
13.
tredecim, thirteen qadit\uoTdecim, fourteen
tertius (a,
14.
qu\ndec\m^ fifteen sedecim, sixteen 17. septendecim, seventeen 16.
19.
20. 21. 22. 28. 29. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 99.
(a,
um)
duodeviginti, eighteen undeviginti, nineteen
Septimus decimus, seventeenth duode vicesimus, eighteenth undevicesimus, nineteenth
viginti, twenty
vicesimus, twentieth
unus (a, um) et viginti or v. un. tmus (a, um) et vicesimus (a, um) alter (a, um)et vicesimus (a, um)^ duo (ae, o) et viginti or v. d. "duodetricesimus
duodetriginta undetriginta
undetricesimus tricesimus
triginta
quadragesimus quinquagesimua sex age Sim us septuagesimus octogesimus nonagesimus undecentesimus
quadraginta quinquaginta sexaginta septuaginta octoginla nonaginta
undecentum.
100. centum 101. centum et unus (a, um) or c. un. 102. centum et duo (ae, o) or c. d. 200. ducenti, ae, a 300. trecenti 400. quadringenti 500. quingenti 600. sexcenti 700. septingenti 800. octingenti 900. nongenti
1000. 2000. 100,000. 1,000000. 2,000 000.
um) decimus
quartus decimus, fourteenth quintus decimus, fifteenth sextus decimus, sixteenth
15.
18.
?)
primus, a, um, first secundus, second
unus, a, um, one 2. duo, ae, o, two 1.
1
Ordinal (what one in order 1
mille ;
(a,
c.
(a,um) et primus (a,um)or c.pr.
c. (a,
um)
et alter (a,
um)
or c.alt.
ducentesimus tiecentesimus quadringentesimus quingentesimus sexcentesimus septingentesimus octingentesimus
nongentesimus millesimus
duo milia 3000 tria milia, centum milia decies centum milia vicies centum milia.
Or vicesimus
centesimus
um)
et alter (a,
um).
etc.
bis millesimus
;
3000 ter m.
centies millesimus decies centies millesimus vicies centies millesimus.
etc.
U31
NUMERALS.
06
NUMERALS " Distribu.
(how many
at a time
?)
one at a time bini, ae, a, two at a time terni, three at a time quaterni, /owr at a time quini,^»c ai a time seni, six at a time septeni, seven at a time ocion],'eight at a time noveni, nine at a time singtili, ae,
a,*^
.Adverbial
(how many times
?)
semel, once
I.
bis, twice
II.
ter, thrice
III.
quaier^ four times
IV.
quinquies^re times
V.
sexies, six times septies, seven times octles, eight times
VIL
novies, nine times
IX.
deni, ten at a time undeni, eleven at a time duodeni, twelve at a tim,e terni deni, thirteen at a time quaterni den\, fourteen at a time quini deni,^/i!eere at a time seni deni, sixteen at a time septeni, deni, seventeen at a time duodeviceni, eighteen at a time undeviceni, nineteen at a time
decies, ten times undecies, eleven times duodecies, tice/ve times terdecies or tredecies
X. XI. XII. XIII.
quatterdecies quindecies sedecies septiesdecies
XIV. XVI. XVll.
duodevicies
XVIII.
unde vicies
XIX.
viceni, twenty at a time viceni (ae, a) singuli (ae, a) viceni (ae, a) bini (ae, a) diiodetriceni
vicies, twenty times vicies semel or semel et vicies vicies bis
XX.
VI. VIII.
XV.
XXI. XXII. XXVIII.
undetriceni
duodetricies undetricies
triceni
tricies
XXX.
quadrageni quinquageni sexageni septuageni octogeni nonageni undecenteni
quadragies quinquagies sexagies septuagies
XL.
centeni centeni (ae, a) singuli (ae,a) centeni (ae^ a) bini (ae, a) duceni
C. CI. CII.
septingeni octingeni
centies centies semel centies bis ducenties trecenties quadringenties quingenties sexcenties septingenties octingenties
nongeni
nongenties
DCCCC.
triceni
quadringeni quingeni sexceni
singula milia bina milia; 3000 terna m,, etc. centena milia decies centena milia vicies centena milia ^)
Singulus, a,
um
is
XXIX. L.
LX.
octogies
LXX. LXXX.
nonagies undecenties
IC.
XC.
cc.
ccc. CD. D.
DC.
DCC. DCCC.
millies bis millies;
3000 ter m.,
centies millies decies centies millies vicies centies millies.
not used in the Singular.
etc.
M. or do. I1M;I1IM. CCc1d33. ccccloooa.
:
:
:
:
;
NUMERALS.
if$
[$
33.
Remarks. enter as one of the 1. The compound numbers into which 8 and 9 components, are expressed in a subtractive form, as 38, duodequadraginta, duodequadragesimus, 39 undequadraginta, undequadragesimus, 48 duodequinquaginta, duodequinquagesimus, 59 undesexaginta, unde:
sexagesimus, etc. 2. In the other compound numbers from 13 to 17, the smaller number Sedecim but from 20 to 100, either the is placed first without tt, as smaller number is placed first with et following it, or the larger without ;
:
as
et,
23
or viginti tres
tres et viginti tertius et
vicesimus or vicesimus
tertius.
3. In compounding smaller numbers with hundreds and thousands, the smaller number follows either with or without et, as
or centum tres, 103 centum et tres centesimus et tertius or centesimus tertius. If, however, such a number contains a unit and a placed last without tt, as
ten,
the unit
is
or quadringenti octoginta sex, 486 quadringenti et octoginta sex quadringentesimus et octogesimus or quadringentesimus octosextus gesimus sextus.
dux cum 4. Mille, a thousand (i. e. one thousand) is indeclinable, as mUle militibus but the Plur. milia (always of more than one thousand), is a neuter noun of the third Dec. and is followed by a noun in the 'Gen. case, as: tria milia hominum, cum tribus milibus militum. 5. The nine following numeral adjectives in us, a, um, and er, a, urn form their Gen. Sing, in all three genders in tus* and their Dat Sing. :
;
in
i:
unus, ullus, nuUuSj solus, totus, alius, uter,
alter, neuter,
and the compounds of Uter, as
:
uterque, alteriiter
—
E. g. solus, a, um, G. soltus, D. soli. Alius has aliud in the neuter and in the Gen. alius (for aliius), in Dat. aUl. In the compounds: Titerque, utervis, utercunque, uterlibet, uter is declined and que, cunque, joined to the different cases, as utriusqne, utrlvis, utrumcunIn alteriUer (one of the two), commonly only uter is declined and alter is placed before it without change ; but sometimes both alter and uter are declined, thus
etc. are
que
:
M^ralibet.
commonly: occasionally *
So
:
alteriiter,
alterutra,
also alterius, not (as
is
G. alteriitrius, utrum, G. alterius utrius.
alterutrum,
alter uter, altera utra, altfirum
inferred from the poets) alterius.
:
:
§
NUMERALS.
33.]
totus, a, urn, the whole,
Alius, alia, aliud, an-
uUus,
other
^rum,
alter, era,
one
er
tra,
the
utrumllbet,
um,
whoever,
'W^tcAever (you please
of
of
the two.
uterque, utraque,
two ?
utercunque,
utrumque,eacfe o/*f)ic
utracun-
two^ both,
whoever, whichever, of the two.
no.
6.
uterllbet, utralibet,
one.
um, no one; que, utrumcunque,
a,
solus, a,
um, any um, one.
uter, tra, trum, which
trum, neith-
of (he two.
nullus,
a,
iinus, a,
or the other of two.
neuter,
57
alone.
The numerals:
duo, two, ambo, both and
tres, three,
are declined
as follows
Nora, and V.
Gen. D. and Abl. Ace.
duae, duo duorum, duarum, duorum
duo, two
dudbus, duobus duo and duos, duas, duo
tres,
So
Like
duobus,
:
ambo,
XXVI. Words
tribus
ae, o, both.
summa,
learned
to be
mensis,
7u)ur.
is,
and
tria
trium tria
PI.
Hora, ae,yi
N.
tres, three
tria
is
of mille
declined the milieu
:
Exercises for translation.
m. month.
.
pono
1place, arrange,
3.
sepono 3. I lay aside, annus, i, m. year. nux, ucis,y*. nut. jam, adv. already, now, calculus, i, m. a pebble, in promtu esse, to be in memoriter, adv. from Camlus, i, m. Charles. readiness. memory. codicilli, orum, m. writ- exspecto 1. / wait, paulisper, adv. a little, ing tablet. await. recte, adv. correctly. thalerus, i, m. dollar. respondeo 2. / answer, deinde, adv, then, there' cerasum, i, n. cherry. responsio, onis, f anupon. malum, i, n. apple. swer. denique, adv.fnaUy, pirum, i, n. pear. ad do 3. I add to. porro, adv. besides, prunum, i, n. plum. attendo 3. I give aiten- turn, adv. then, exemplum, i, n. examtion. ae,y*.
hebdomas,
sum.
adis,y*.
week,
pie.
Pater.
Si habes
Attende, mi decem mala,
fili
tria
!
Scribe in codicillos tuos hoc
pruna,
unum
pirum, sex cerasa
duntur duo mala, quattuor pruna, septem
quinque mala, novem pruna, sedecim
pira,
pira, 6cto
exemplum et his ad-
;
deinde
cerasa;
undecim cerasa
;
turn duo-
decim mala, quindecim pruna, tredecim pira,quattuord€cim cerasa; porro viginti mala, undeviginti pruna, duodeviginti pira, septendecim cerasa
;
denique quattuor et viginti mala,
unum
et viginti pruna,
duo
et viginti pira, tria et viginti cerasa: quot sunt mala.^ quot
pruna?
quot pira
!
?
quot cerasa
?
responsio est in promtu.
Carolus. Exspecta paulisper,
Sunt
tria et
mi pater
spetuaginta mala
tuaginta pruna; septem et septuaginta pira;
novem
;
unum
Jam
et sep-
et septuaginta
— —
;
!
NUMERALS.
68
Jam
P. Recte, mi Carole!
cerasa.
33-
[$
sepone codcillos et memoriter
Quot menses habet unus annus ? C. Duodecim. P. Quot hebdomades habet unus mensis ? C. Quattuor. P. Quot P. Quot C. Trecentos sexaginta quinque. dies habet unus annus ? boras habet unus dies? C. Quattuor et viginti. P. Quot dies habent tres anni ? C Mille nonaginta quinque. P. Quot boras habet unus mihi responde
annus ?
C.
:
Octo milia septingentas sexaginta. P. Si tres nuces quater summa exsistit ? C. Duodecim. P. Si quinque calcu-
ponis, quanta
los ter millies sexcenties quinquagies septies ponis?
milia trecentos quinquaginta duo thaleros bis ponis
tum
C. Duodeviginti
P. Si septingenta quadraginta
milia ducenti octoginta quinque.
?
tria
C. Decies cen-
milia quadringenta octoginta sex milia septingenti quattuor.
Give attention,
Father.
following
(=
this)
my
son
upon your
write
!
writing-tablet the
example: If thou hast 20 apples, 6 plums, 2 pears,
12 cherries, and to these are added 4 apples, 8 plums, 14 pears, 16 cherries
;
then 10 apples, 18 plums, 32 pears, 22 cherries
apples, 30 plums,
;
then 24
26 pears, 28 cherries; besides, 40 apples, 38 plums,
36 pears, 34 cherries
;
finally,
48 apples, 42 plums, 44 pears, 46 cher-
how many apples are [there] ? how many plums? how many Wait a little, my father alpears ? how many cherries ? Charles.
ries:
!
ready
is
154 pears, 158 cherries.
XXVII. Words
Correctly,
Father.
to be
Incola, ae, m. inlmhi-
and
learned
my
victoria, ae,/. victory,
pretium,
i,
jor(natu)o7
fides, ei, /. Jidelity
dem
n. value.
assentator, oris, m.Jlat-
itis,
m. footman,
pars, tis,/. part, side.
;
fi-
irrumpo
/ make an
3.
irruption.
nunc, adv. now.
um, known, vix, adv. scarcely. um, wn/at7^- de (with abl.) of, concerning.
um, horn;
post Christum na-
tum,
/ am in
a,
a,
natus, a,
ago,
the year.
confidence in.
moderator, oris, m. gov- inf idus, emor. ful. %(\UQS,\\\s,m. horseman,
annum
habeo, / have
cognltus,
terer.
Charles
Exercises for translation.
(natu) younger.
tant.
pedes,
There are 146 apples, 142 plums,
the answer in readiness.
ex (with a&Z.)/rom. post (with
—
ace.) after.
—
of et et, both and. societas, atis,/. alliance. Christ. [what ? neque, and not ; neque exercitus, us, m. army, quotus, a, um, what one. neque, neither nor. natus, us, m. hirth ; ma- ago 3. / drive, pass after the hirth
—
—
Quota bora est?
Decima.
Annus, quo nunc vivimus,
est millesl-
mus
octingentesimus quadragesimus tertius post Christum natum.
Pater
meus
agit
annum quartum
et
sexagesimum
(or
sexagesimura
$
PREPOSITIONS.
34.]
mater octavum
quartun)
;
tavum)
;
frater
tium)
frater
um)
;
et
quinquagesimum
major natu tertium
minor natu alterum
Duo
quinquagesimum oc(or
tricesimum
tricesimum (or tricesimum ;
soror minor vicesimum.
urbem
milia hostium
The enemy makes an 10,000 soldiers.
(or
tricesimum
et
et
soror major duodetricesimum
;
sunt mille milites.
69
In urbe
obsident.
irruption into our country
A thousand soldiers
ter-
alter-
defend the
city.
(= land),
with
28,000 footmen
and 13,000 horsemen defend the country.
My
(= is passing his seventy-fifth my mother in her sixty-second my older brother in his fortyfirst my younger brother in his thirty-ninth my older sister in her What hour thirty-fourth and my younger sister in her twenty-sixth. How old art thou? (= what year art thou is it? the eleventh hour. passing?), fifty-eight years old (= I am passing the fifty-eighth year). year)
father is in [his] seventy-ffth year ;
;
;
;
Aliud
placet (one thing pleases one
alii
and another another), aliud
alii displicet.
Milites utriusque exercitus sunt fortissimi.
est vitium
omnibus credere,
:
et
Unius
habet.
fidi
quam multorum
hominis amicitia habet plus
infidorum societas.
hominis
vita
pretii (has
ulli
more
sapienti vera vis virtutis est
Soli
Nullius
{in)
trust to neither
flatterer.
fidem
value),
omni parte beata est. Habeo duo amicos Amicus meus habet duo filios et duas filias.
ex
valde diligo.
[man].
Utrumque
Perf idus homo vix
Incolae totius urbis de victoria exercitus laeti erant.
cognita.
We
et nulli.
;
ambo
of the two, neither to the wicked [man] nor the
The life of no man is more peaceful than the life of the wise God is the governor of the whole world. The father goes to
walk with
[his]
friends are as
it
two sons and [his] two daughters. were (quasi) one soul in two bodies.
Two faithful Two thousand
soldiers (gen.) defend the city.
CHAPTER § 34. 1.
Ad,
to,
to,
Table of the Prepositions.
Prepositions governing the Accusative. unto, according
for, at.
apud,
VIII.
ai, &3/.
juxta, next
to, by.
prope, near by.
propter, near by, on ac-
count
penes, i^7A (in the er of
some
ante, before. post, behind, after.
of.
pow- secundum,
one).
ob, before, on account of.
according
q/2er, oZowg*, to.
versus, towards.
PREPOSITIONS.
60 adversus and adver-
extra, beyond, without. on this side. on that side, infra, beneath, below. beyond, on that supra, over, above,
trans, over,
contra, contrary
to,
on
ultra,
the contrary, against.
per, through.
side.
among,
inter, between,
erga, towards, [around,
circum,
34.
cis, citra,
sum, against.
circa,
[^
praeier, hard by, besides.
intra, urithin.
about.-
Rem. 1. Versus generally stands in connection with the prepositions ad or in ; the Ace. is placed between ad {in) and versus, as: in Italiam But with versus, ad Oceanum versus, toioards Italy, towards the Ocean. names of cities ad and in are omitted, as: Roman versus, towards Rome.
Prepositions governing the Ablative.
2.
A, ab, abs, /rom, de,
doum from,
from,
of,
iprae,hefore,by reason of. sine, unthout.
by.
away ^ro,
in
before,
ledge of.
the
tenus,
presence of,
over. e, ex,
clam, unthout the know-
before, for.
concerning, coram,
out
cum,
of, from.
up
to.
urith.
Rem. 2. A and e never stand before a vowel or h ; abs is rarely used, Tertus is placed after the ^bl. most frequently before t For the forms mecum, tecum, quocum, etc., see § 28. Rem. 1. and § 30. Rem. 1,
—
3.
Prepositions governing the Abl. (in answer to the question where^) and the Ace. (in answer to the question, whither'?) upon
In, c. abl. in, at, by, into,
c.
;
super, over, concerning (generally
ace.
with
upon, against, towards.
sub, under.
ace. in
answer
to both ques-
tions).
subter, beneath, (generally with ace. in
XXVIII. Words
to be
Ripa, ae,/. &anfe. via, ae,/ way. castra, orum, n. camp, agger, eris, m. mound,
learned
answer
and Exercises for
libertas, atis,/.yrcef/om. altus, a,
um,
high, deep.
our borders.
2.
/ see.
fugio 3. Iflee.
/ lead.
pello 3. / drive, repel.
munio
water and upon
In the
enemy.
fields,
with delight under oaks.
walls.
out,
3.
spiritedly against (in) the
sit
I pour
3.
discharge.
duco
Promiscuous examples from live in the
translation.
effundo
video
pes, edis, m.foot.
Frogs
to both questions).
4.
Ifortify.
all the Declensions.
the land. The The enemies make an (in)
bloom various herbs.
The enemies
flee
In
soldiers fight
irruption into
(abl.)
summer we
(=
among) the
within
Parents are loved by (ab) good sons and daughters.
Orators
§
GREEK NOUNS OF THE FIRST DECLENSION.
35.]
61
The earth moves (= i» extol on account of {^h) fiuency of speech. moved) around the sun. Repel cares from [your] minds. SuppliantsEloquence adorns those with (penes)fall down upon the knees.
we
whom
it is.
fore (pro) the
has tue
Live thou according
camp.
Above
the city
magnificent house
is
The
to nature.
soldiers fight be-
river is discharged over the banks.
[things] beneath (subter) itself.
all ?
The
Who
Virtue
peaceful without vir-
is
Below our garden a very
a very high oak.
is built.
The army marches
(iter
the soldiers against the city.
towards Rome. The general leads Near by the walls of the city, the enemies
facit)
mound around the city. The citizens fight The enemies flee spiritedly for the freedom of their native country. On account of virtue men are esteemed. The eneover the river. mies within the walls of the city fortify a camp. The love of parents towards [their] children is very great. Many men act contrary to (conOn this side of the city a camp is fortified tra) the precepts of virtue. fortify the
Our
camp.
The enemies
build a high
enemies very
soldiers fight with the
spiritedly.
by (ab)the enemies. -Frogs live within and without the water. citizens
were joyful concerning
way, which leads from the
(de) the victory
city
up
our garden,
to
All the
of our soldiers. is
The
very beautiful.
Avoid the man, who by reason of (prae) anger is not in his right mind (= with himself). Before (ante) our house are many pines, behind the same,
is
Often
a very beautiful garden.
Between
before (ante) our
feet.
beautiful fields.
The enemies
ful besides the
wise [man]
the
flee
we do
city
not see that which
is
and our garden are very
through the
city.
Who
is
peace-
?
SECOND COURSE. § 35.
Greek Nouns of the First Declension.
Several nouns adopted from the Greek, have in the the ending, e Fern., as
and
these differs from the Latin the Plur. they are the same.
es IMasc. first
The
Dec, only
Nom.
declension of
in the Sing. ; in
!!
GREEK NOUNS OF THE FIRST DECLENSION.
[^35.
Paradigms. Masculine.
Feminine.
Aeneds, Mneas Anahmes^ATichises Anchisae Aeneae Anchisae Aeneae Anchisen x\eneam Anchise Aened Anchise". Aened.
Sing. N. crambe", cabbage G. crambe*, of cabbage
D. A. V. A.
crarabae, to cabbage
crambe'n, cabbage
cabbage
crambo,
crambe", by cabbage.
XXIX. Words
to be learned
and Exercises for
translation.
Aloe, es,/. the aloe.
cometes, ae, m. comet,
erraticns, a,
Circe, es,/. Circe,
planetes, ae, m. planet.
dering.
astutia, ae,/. cunning.
Boreas,
coqua, ae, f.
Epaminondas,
tener, era,
Gorgias, Pythagoras, celebro
(female)
1.
um, wan-
em rn, I
fenrfer.
celebrate.
culina, ae,/. kitchen.
Orestes, Pylades, ae, abstineo 2. (with / abstain from. m. are proper names
gloria„ ae, /. renown.
and
historia, ae,/. history.
Latin.
cook
Stella,
ae,/
remain
crinitus,
star.
nauta, ae, m. sailor.
abl.)
/ whistle. antepono 3. I prefer. a,um, wiih long coquo 3. / cook. as
in strideo 2.
pie,a6?i;. tenderly,piously.
hair.
Aloe est amara. Aloes herba est amara. Crambae est tenera herba. Cramben coqua in culina coquit O Circe, quanta erat astutia tua Crambe tenera delectamur. Boreas vexat nautas. Boreae procellae nautis perniciosae sunt. Boream fugiunt nautae. O Borea, quam ve-
hementer
strides
Cometes
ratica-
A
!
O
proedicamus.
Oresten
Epaminonda, quanta
amatur ab Aena.
quam
Borea vexantur nautae.
est Stella crinita.
pie amaris
Planetes est Stella er-
et
est tua
Pyladen ob amicitiam gloria
!
Pythagorae sapientia praedicatur.
ab Aenea
!
Epaminondam
Anchises pie
O
Anchises,
Pelopidam omnes
et
scriptores celebrant.
Cabbage
is
tender.
a bitter herb.
We
O
(abl.)
Circe,
We
how by
The herb of cabbage prefer
is
tender.
The
aloe
is
the tender cabbage to the bitter aloe.
thy cunning thou deceivest the minds of
abstain from the bitter aloe.
Gorgias had
{erat
with
dat.)
men great
The cunning of Circe was great, .^neas loves Anchises Pythagoras we extol on account of [his] wisdom. O Orestenderly. tes and Pylades, how great was your friendship Concerning (de) eloquence.
!
Orestes and Pylades, concerning Epaminondas and Pelopidas history relates.
§
GENDER OF THE SECOND DECLENSION.
36.]
Of the Gender
§ 36.
63
of the Second Declension. Rule.
Us, er and ir are masculine^ But wn is of the neuter kind.
Exceptions. towns and trees These aveftminine in use. Isles, lands,
in us,
Also alvuSj cohfs, hunms, Vannus, ptriodus and carhdsuSy Dipthongus too and dialectus.
The
neuter has but three in usz
Virus, vulgus, ptldgus.
Alvus,
periodiis,
/. belly.
i,
humus, earth.
ground, dipthongus,
/.
i,
Remark. The following (§ 13.) for
trees in
i.
countries,
as
:
n.
i,
the
com-
mon people.
/. diph-
pelagus,
word)
n.
i,
(a poetic
sea.
are jnasculine contrary to the general rule
towns and trees: Pontus, Hellespontus, Isthmus,
plurals in
also
;
er,
n. juice, poison.
i,
vulgus,
dialectus, i,f. dialect.
i./. corn-fan.
Bosporus
virus,
thong.
,
vannus,
period.
'i,f.
carbasus, i,/. linen.
colus, i,f. distaff.
oleaster,
i,
tri,
as
Delphi,
:
wild olive
Delphorum
tree.
also names of names of counand plurals in a, G. orum
Besides,
;
all
and mountains in um (on), G, i, Saguntum, Pelion, Leuctra (drum.)
tries, cities
are neuter, as: Latium,
XXX. Lingua, ae,
Wards /.
to he
language. silva, ae,/.
learned
iong-uc, pirus,
a wood.
i,
and
Exercises for translation. ignavus,
jomr-^ree.
^ruwu^, \, plum-tree. ulmus, i, an elm. avidus,
a, um,incfoZe7rf,
lazy, cowardly.
ligneus, a, una, wooden,
um, (with
of wood. g^n.), greedy. Aegyptus, i. Egypt. longus, a, um, long. Del us, i, I>eZo5 (island). frugifer,era,6rum/rui<- maturus, a, um, ripe, Rhodus, i, Rhodes (an early. ful. cibus,
i,
m./oorf.
compositus,
island).
populiis,
i,
apoplar.
cerasus,
i,
fagus,
beech-tree.
malus,
i, i,
Vulgus
silvis
cherry-tree.
apple-tree.
posita est.
a,
est stultum.
fecundus,
a,
ductive.
humldus,
a,
Diphthongus
Populi sunt procerae.
sunt ulmi et fagi altae.
um, com- procerus,
a,
rotundus,
a,
um, slim. um, round. um, pro- stultus, a, um, foolish. compesco 3. / check, um, moist. curb.
a,
posed.
est longa.
Periodus bene com-
Ignavi populi facile vincuntur.
Vanni sunt
lign^ae.
In
In horto nostro
—
;
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
64 magnus
est
37.
[^
numerus frugiferarum cerasorum, malorum, pirorum
et
prunorum.
many
In our garden are
many apple-trees, many plum-
cherry-trees,
and many pear-trees. The foolish people (vulgus) are easily deDiphthongs are long. The periods are well composed. The ceived. trees
poplar
our
is
A
slim.
Matura
cowardly people (populus)
many
garden are
cerasa, mala, pira,
Humus humida lus est clara.
The
slim poplars.
pruna sunt
easily conquered.
dulcia.
is
Virus est perniciosum.
Dialecti sunt variae.
sunt rotundae.
In
of wood.
Alvus est ciborum avida.
varias plantas gignit.
Coli
is
corn-fan
De-
Carbasus
tenSra.
Avoid the pernicious poison. One language has many dialects. The linen is beautiful. Egypt is productive. These apples, cherries, plums and pears are beautiful. See those high elms and slim poplars. Rhodes was renowned. The distaff is round. The earth (humus) is productive.
§ 37.
1.
Check
the greedy appetite
Remarks on
{=
belly).
Case-endings of the Declension.*
the several
Third
Gen, Sing. Proper names in es often have in the Gen.
the termination
i
instead of
Neocli, Carneadi, etc.
toteli,
is,
as
Ulixi, also, Pericli, Aris-
:
Some Greek nouns
only of the feminine gender) as
:
in o (but
Argo, Sappho, echo,
lo,
have us in the genitive as echiis from echo, Argus from Argo (the remaining cases are like the Nom. or are formed with Latin endings, as Dido, -onis, -oni, -onem, -one.) :
*
Greek nouns, sometimes, but generally only in poetry, retain their pecuterminations in Latin, viz.. Gen. os for is ; Ace. a for em^ or in (yn)^ en em ; Voc. i, y (from Nom, is, ys) for is, ys ; Abl. i for ide (rare). Plur. Nom. Neut. c (from Nom. Sing, ds) ; Gen. on for um (rare and only poetic) Dat. si, sin for dilms, tihus, ibus (rare and only poetic) ; Ace. a^for €s. Thus: Gen. Sing. PaUdd-os {from Pallas), Panos (from Pan), Thety-os (from Thetys) ; Ace. Platona (from Plato), Lyr.orida, (from Lycoris), basin (basis), Parin (Paris), Thetyn ; Voc. Lycori, Coty ; Abl. Daphni for ide. Plur. Nom. Neut. mele, epe (from melos, epos) ; Gen. Chalybon (Chalybs) Dat. Drydsi (Dryas, ad\s), metamorphosesi ; Ace. Senonas (Senones), Cyclopas (Cyclops.) The Gen. eos, for is from Nom. is as baseos for basis is not classical, and from Nom. -eus only poetic, as Peleus, Peleos (in prose, Peleus, Pelei). Good prose rejects the Greek genitive-form in os ; the Ace. in a, in, yn, en is very rare in good prose, as Pana, aethera, Zeuxin, po&sin^ Sophoden. The Ace. Plur. in as is found in prose writers of the golden period of the Latin language, only in barbarous names, as Senonas, Mlobrdgas. Caes. Kuhner's Larger Latin Grammar. liar
for im, idem,
;
:
:
:
:
:
§
CASE-ENDINGS OP THE THIRD DECLENSION.
37.]
Acc, Sing,
2.
G.
:
:
the ending
t5,
The Ace. has
in the following
im
First, invariably in
amussis,/. a rwZe.
a plough-tail,
huriSf f.
cannabis,/. Aernp.
(for em).
65
nouns in
is
:
a cough.
ravis, f. Jioarseness.
tussis, f.
sinapis, /. mwsfarrf.
vis,f. force, power,
abun-
dance, multitude.
sids,/. thirst.
Second, commonly in febris,/.
puppis,/. <^e sfcrn q/*a securis,/ an axe,
a fever.
pelvis,/, a basin,
a tower,
turrisj/.
ship.
restis,/.
a
ro/7e.
Also in the following names of rivers
Albis, the Elbe,
:
Athesis, the Adig-e, Araris, the Saone, Liris, the Liris,
Ta-
mesis, the Thames, Tiberis, the Tiber, Tigris, the Tiger, Vi-
Weser (all Masc. according to § 13) and finally, Greek nouns in is Gen. is, as basis, /. (a pedestal), basim, and in several words in is G. idis, as Paris, Parim, 3. Voc. Sing. The vocative of Greek nouns in s with a vowel before it, commonly drops the 5, as O Pericle but surgis, the
;
in
:
:
:
O
also Pericles,
O Pan
seus,
G.
antis, as
Socrate also Socrates,
The same
also Paris.
Atla
:
is
O
Perseu also Per-
true of those in as
others in as, but with a different form of
;
the Gen., have the vocative like the nominative.
Abl. Sing.
4.
nouns riably
;
has the ending
i,
and indeed inva-
e, al,
G.
dlis, ar,
G. ans, as marz, anima-
in ar, G* aris have
e,
as
:
nectar (nec-
nectar e.
tar),
Exceptions Caere, have
:
c in
sal (salt), far,
vim,
and
and
civis,
a
citizen.
key.
febris,/. a fever. fustis,
as
:
Praneste,
is
which always have im in the Ace. as in
is
G.
is
have
i
oftener than
e together
m. a
clavis,/.
names of towns in e,
vi.
The following nouns
5.
the
the ablative.
nouns in
b) In
i
it
But those
K, caloari.
or
has the ending e in most
ablative
:
In neuters in
a)
vis,
The
but in a few
m. a dub,
a
basin.
ignis, m.fire.
pelvis,/,
navis,/. a ship.
puppis,/. the stem,
neptis,
/
daughter,
6*
a
grand- securis,/ an axe. turris,/. a tower,
"
^,
:
CASE-ENDINGS OP THE THIRD DECLENSION.
66 Rem. eral
Also the names of rivers enumerated in No.
1.
2.
[$
37.
have in gen-
i.
6.
Nom.
In the
Ace. and Voc. Plur. neuters in
^liSy ar G. aris have ia instead of
a,
as
e, al,
G.
maria, animalia^
:
icalcaria.
have ium instead of um: am, as marium, anima-
7. In the Gen. Plur. the following a)
Neuters in
e, aZ,
lium, calcarium. place,
G.
dlis, ar,
Lar, lar
G.
(lar-is),
:
a household-god,
the fire-
Larum and Larium ;
has
b) Parisyllahles in es
bium, and in er
and
is,
as
:
navium
(navis),
nu-
boat, uter, leather hag,
linter, a a dog, panis, bread, proles, an offspring, strues, a heap, vates, a prophet, juvenis, a youth^ and commonly, apis, a bee, volucris, a bird, have um; c) Monosyllables in s and x with a consonant preceding them, as mons, montium, arx, arcium ; (but, [ops] opes, poiver, has opum and lynx, /. lyncum) ; and the following [faux] fauces, the throat, faucium, glis, a dormouse, glirium^ lis, strife, litium, mus, a mouse, murium, nox, night, noctium. Strix, a horned oiol, strigium; on the contrary, dux, (a leader) has ducum, vox, the voice has vocum, nux, a nut has wt^ cum, and so of others with a vowel before the x; d) Words of more than one syllable in s, or x, with an r or w preceding them, as cohors, a cohort, cohortium, aliens, a client, clientium, quincunx, quincuncium ; commonly dX^o, parentium (p^irens), of parents, sapientium (sapiens), of loise men, adolescentium (adolescens), of the youth; finally, always, compedium (from compes, generally in the plural
venter, the belly
:
;
imber, rain, but, canis,
:
:
; on the contrary, pes, pedum; most part gentile nouns (national denominadtis, is, itis, as Arpinas, Arpinatium, Samnis,
compedes), offetters e)
For
the
tions) in as,
Samnitium.
:
So
also nostras, optimas pendtes, as
:
nostra-
tium, finally, ci vitas, a state, civitatium. 8. In the Dat. and Abl Plur. Greek neuters in ma have mat4s more commonly than mat-ibus, e. g. po'ematis, instead
of po'ematibus.
;
$
c
:
;
CASE-ENDINGS OP THE THIRD DECLENSION.
37.]
Concerning the case-endings of may be given
9,
ing rules
Sing, of
nouns, has the ending
memori
fellci,
adjectives^ the follow-
:
The AbL
a)
67
(see
§
adjectives,
all
as
^,
22.)
am,
:
pari (from par),
from natdlis
natdli
;
even when used as
facili^
dies),
(viz.
birth-day, Aprili from Aprllis (viz. mensis), April,
Decembri
from December, The
Exceptions.
young man^ as
:
Abl. has e in the following cases: 1) Juvenis, a and the adjectives in is used as proper names,
aedilis, edUcy
Martialis, Martiale
The
2)
;
following adjectives of one ending
caelebs, ibis, unmarried, dives,
compos,
Otis,
possessed
impos, deses,
Otis,
powerful, pubes, eris, grou;n up.
sospes,
im pubes, eris,
impotent,
particeps, ipis, partak-
ing
idis, idk.
Compounds of
ipis, chief,
foreign^ a pauper, eris, poor.
of.
3) Comparatives, as 4)
itis,
princeps,
\guest.
itis, rich,
hospes,
cicur, uris, tame.
itis,
superstes,
beardless,
safe, secure,
surviv-
itis,
ing.
of.
major, majus (greater) majore
:
corpus, color
and
pes, as
:
bicorpor (having two
bodies), bicorpore, discolor (variegated), discolore, bipes (two-footed), bi-
pede 5) Adjectives
infans,
a
child,
of one ending used as nouns, as
Pertinax, Clemens, Felix, Abl.
6) Participles in ns i,
as
:
have as participles
c,
—
:
sapiens, a vnse man,
;
but as adjectives, generally
ftorente rosa, the rose blooming, in florenti rosa, in a blooming rose,
The
Norn. Ace. and Voc, Plur, Neut., have in adjecand participles, the ending ia, and the Gen. Plur, the ending ium, as acria, facilia, felicia, acrium, facilium, felib)
tives
:
eium
(§ 22.), hebetia,
ium (from
Remark. In the strictly Gen. Plur. homines.
had the
in ium,
Exceptions. Vetus,
hebes).
which have the and Fem. in is, as omnia
classical period, all adjectives
Ace
Plur. Masc.
:
veterum and all comparatives, as: complures, very many, ; several, has complwra and ia (Gen. always, complurium). Besides, the following have um in Gen. celer, sivift, consors, partaking of, degener, degenerate, dives, rich, inops, helpless, memor, immemor, supplex, supold,
has
Vetera,
majora, majorum (but plu^, plura has plurium)
:
To these may be adde
pliant, uber, rich, vigil, watching.
in ceps and/ea:, as
:
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
68
XXXI. Wards The words
Fama,
ae, /. rfpori^ re-
ae,/
fundamentum,
n.
i,
exascio
i,
funambulus,
laurus, i,f. laurel.
ferreus, a,
faber ligiiarius, carpen- dono edolo ter. n. leaf.
[iron,
edolat.
acuo
^rgus navis fama
faliit.
Agricola burim
vim argenteam donat
Funambuli per
Seciirim ferream
arum vocamus
basim.
are often deceived.
ter according to (ad) skilful
Vis
Carpentarius hurim e i
m
serit
Pater matri pel-
Milites
Per Alhim,
oppugnant
Fundamentum
very delightful.
many
poets.
statu-
The wanderings By (abl.) the echo
Against (contra) hoarseness, cough and fever, 2.) fitting
(aptus, a,
um) remedies (remedium,
The statue The wood (plur.) is hewed by (ab) the carpenrule. The carpenter handles (tracto 1.) the sharp
soldiers defend spiritedly the
has a solid pedestal.
magna.
sindpim.
of lo wei'c related by (ab)
thou must apply (adhlbeo
axe with a
w^jie
est
restim incedunt.
cote acuimus.
Apes petunt
The poems of Sappho
The
I expel.
Agricola c a n n a b
regit.
Ftbrim quiete mitigamus.
altam turrim.
n.)
3.
Faber lignarius ad amussim
Tamesim, Fisurgim, Tigrim multae naves navigant.
i,
Isharpen.
1.
Hi pueri ad ravim clamant.
Folia lauri tusssim levant.
we
3.
um, of iron, expello
Sitim tolerare difficile est.
lignum exasciat
(error, oris)
miti-
gate.
I present. incedo 3. I walk upon. 1. / hew properly, peto 3. I seek. sero 3. I sow. fashion.
Echus vox saepe homines
dura ulmo
hew (rough-
1 lighten. 1. / soften^
1.
mitlgo
f quiet.
ver, silver.
faber, bri, m. artisan.
expellit.
1
navigo ]. Inavigate. m. rope- durus, a, um, hard. argenteus, a, um, q/" 5i7- op\iugno 1. I assaidt.
i,.
dancer.
i,
levo
lignum, i, n. ivood. m. a cos, otis,/ whet-stone, quies, etis,
1.
ly.)
statue.
wheel-wright.
vim
Exercises for translation.
foundation.
carpentarius.
folium,
and
37.
introduced on the three preceding pages, are omitted.
noun. Btatua,
learned
to be
[$
hand.
high tower.
Soldiers must endure hunger (fames,
is)
and
thirst patiently.
XXXII. Words
to be
Porta, ae,/. gate.
learned a?ul Exercises for translation.
onus,
eris, n. load.
tragoedia, ae,/ ^og-erfy. nectar, aris,
humenis,
i,
gubernator,
m.
(drink for the gods). m. pi- acQtus, a, um, sharp.
dignus,a,um, (with
vigil, liis,
m. watchman,
m.
salt.
admiratio.oiiis,/ arfmtration.
incito 1.
I urge
on.
nectar, \-dh6ro 1. {with ab.) I suf-
shx)ulder.
oris,
iot.
sal, alis,
n.
worthy, deserving
a6Z.)
fer (fi-om something),
prospecto
1.
/
look
forth.
abigo 3. / drive away. of. um, cold. claudo 3. / dose. sumnms, a, um, highest, occludo 3. J lock. mordax, acis, biting^, conspergo 3. / sprinkle. frigidus, a,
$
CASE-ENDINGS OP THE THIRD DECLENSION.
37.]
O
Socrdte,
quam
Sophocle, tragoediae
quantum onus humeris
Ex
tur.
Acuta
turri
alta
secitri
Hostes
cibos.
A
Igni coquimus cibos.
art suffering
O
v»^ater.
upon
(=
sufferest)
O
from
wood
XXXIII. Words
In a
(plur.).
n. genius,
i,
we
who sits we split
civile) citizen
lock the gate.
The
Exercises for translation, procure 1. Ifurnish, perago 3. / carry
publicus,
aestimo
m. tra-
pilot,
and
a,
um,
dis-
a,
/
1.
through, perform. perstringo 3. I grazes
um, public.
docilis, e, teachable.
oris,
(quum)
and sword.
tant.
cis,/. wares.
mercator,
The
a sharp axe
war (bellum
(abl.) fire
learned
m. a Bo- longinquus,
intellect.
merx,
civil
liiems, emis,/. winter,
sport.
i,
(abl.)
an iron key
(abl.)
are oftener
When
aetas, atis,/. age.
to he
Satira, ae,/. satire.
man. ingenium,
ama-
a fever, abstain from cold
(abl.)
With
enemies lay waste the country with
Romanus,
patria
O Socrates, your deserts relative to
Pericles,
With
fights against citizen.
m.
force.
of the Athenians w^ere very great.
the stern, governs the ship.
i,
Nee-
urbem
Fusti abigl-
bono dvi
The customs of men
(abl.) force.
Themistocles,
(diffindo 3.) the
Indus,
AUttf
faber lignarius lignum exasciat.
Force expels force by
(de) the city
O
!
In puppi sedet gubemator.
vigiles prospectant.
improved by admonition and example than by thou
vi in
Febri laborat rater.
Clavi porta clauditur.
mus canes mordaces.
O
CaZcdn* incitamus equos.
portas!
tuis
tua sapientia
admiratione dignae sunt.
Sale consperglmus
tare delectantur dii.
irrumpunt.
summa
tuae
humane
generi
erat
salutaris
69
value, es-
satirize.
veho 3. / carry, bring, sperno 3. I spurn. sed, conj. bid.
teem.
der, merchant.
Avus cum vehit.
nepti ambulat.
Discipuli in schola
Mercator navi merces in longinquas terras non genere, sed bonis moribus, doclli inHostes
genio, et acri industria aestimautur.
XXXIV. Words
to be
learned
and
celeri
pede fugiunt.
Exercises for translation.
Autumnus, i,m. auiwmn. nepos, 6tis,m. grancfeon. juventus, coelum,
i,
initium,
i,
gaudium,
n. the sky. n. beginning. i,
n.joy.
monumentum,
i,
n.
parentes, ium, m. par- juvenilis, senilis,
ents.
m. a month.
mensis,
is,
munus,
6ris, n.
service^
monument. office, present. negotium, \,n, business, gelidus, a, um, cold. oblectamentum, i, n. de- insipiens, ntis, ununse. light.
utis,/. i/oit/^. e, youthjfvl.
e,
advanced,
aetas senilis, old age,
exhilaro
1.
/
exhilarate,
delight.
saevio 4.
I rage.
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
70
37.
[^
Mense Maitio initium est veris, mense Jnnio aestatis, mense Sepmense Decembri hiemis. Boni regis natdli omnis civiMense Jlprili coelum modo serenum est, modo triste, tas laeta est Mense JVbvembri gelldae procellae saeviunt. Juvenili aetate alacriore animo difRcilia negotia peraglraus, quam senili. A Juvendle, satirarum tembri autumni,
scriptore,
Romanorum
curantur.
A juvene
XXXV.
vitia perstringuntur.
Words
to be
modesty. n. kind-
ness, favor.
consilium,
etudium,
i, i,
study, zeal.
um,
lis,
mild.
consors,
tis
(c.
(c.
(c.
gen.),
pertlnax, acis, obstinate, dispar,
gen.),
unequal,
aris,
different.
domo
1.
tracto
1.
/ tame. 1 treat. atque, and; 2) as.
in.
tis
tis
destitute of, unihout.
lowest^
clemens,
exsors,
effort,
expers,
re-
[humblest.
sharing
n. counsel. n.
ludi publici pro-
Exercises for translation.
um,
a,
inflmiis, a, i,
and
learned
Culpa, ae,/ guilt. acceptus, immodestia, ae, f. imceived. beueficium,
Ab aedile
saepe virorum praecepta spernuntur.
gen.),
destitute of, without.
A sapiente bona praecepta discimus. Quicquid agis, sapienti consilio A Felice felld fortuna bellum gerltur. A Clemente dementi animo infimi homines tractantur. A Pertindce pertindd studio urbs defendiage.
tur.
The
grand-father
delighted by (ab) the little ^rand-son and the Old age ought to be, honored by the young
is
neat grand-daughter.
man.
A
good boy, on
sents from (ab) king,
it is
By
happy.
Virtus amatur ab
A
rationis experti.
(abl.) his
(ab) a
homine
wise
the state
man
acceptorum immemori.
et
Magiii
rationis participe,
amico gaudemus.
paupere
Praecepior a
Abstine amico beneficiorum exsorti
Virtus pari studio a princlpe et Discipuli
colltur.
dispdri
hospite
colltur.
Et
et
divlte, at-
studio litteras
digni sunt gloria vitae suae superstite.
Hospes ab
pre-
contemnltur ab homine
Gaudemus amico omnis culpae
consorti.
viri
(abl.)
ruled by (ab) a wise
viro virtutis compote deus pie colltur.
laborum nostrorum tractant.
is
virtue is loved.
discipulo beneficii accepti memori colltur.
que ab humlli
delighted by
birth day, is
When
parents.
liis
De
sospite
in impubere, et in
pubere aetate displicet immodestia.
XXXVI. Words 'Penna,Sie,f. feather.
to he
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
emolumentum, i. n. wse,
rM%-e (of mountain),
campus, i, m. plain. advantage. saxum, i, n. rock. detrimentum, i, n. in- horreum, i, n. granary, vinum, i, n. loine. jury, disadvantage. jugum, i, n. yoke, top, venator, oris, m. hunter.
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
§37.]
amnis,
is,
m. stream,
locuples, etis
rupes,
\s,
agmen,
f. rock. n.
inis,
petulans,
band,
is,
abhorreo
cipitis,
in-
provideo
sion
6tis, obtuse, dull.
I redound,
2. (ab)
.
I foresee.
2.
(keep).
tendo 1
/ Aave
to.
alo 3. / nourish, support
ture.
occupo
1.
an aversion
praecox, ocis, prima-
party-
colored, variegated.
Venator
licen-
dined, steep.
n. net, toil. oris,
redundo
volito 1. IJly around.
ntis,
praeceps,
swarm.
inis, n.
discolor,
hebes,
abl.),
tious.
Jlock.
examen, rete,
(c.
wealthy, rich.
river.
71
I take
posses-
/
3.
stretch,
ex-
tend.
of.
Hebetia ingenia a litterarum studio abhorrent.
retla tendit.
Onera sunt gravia. Horrea frumentis locupletia non sunt dulda. Cervus et equus sunt celena animalia. Disparia sunt hominum studia. Haec vina sunt Vetera. Majora emolumenta, quam detrimenta, a bestiis ad homines redundant Saxa sunt praecipitla.
Pira praececia
sunt.
Cui plura beneficia debemus, quam
diis ?
Compliira [compluria] sunt
genera avium.
Good
keep the precepts of
scholars
By
thoughtful (memor) minds.
with
(abl.)
(ab) rational (rationis particeps)
men,
[their]
teachers
irrational (rationis expers) animals are tamed.
The
men
their
by
are adorned
(abl.)
a
renown surviving
leads over (per) steep rocks (saxum).
The
virtues of great life.
The way monu-
ancient (vetus)
ments of the Greeks and Romans are worthy of admiration.
In the
blooming age of youth very many (complures) delights are afforded
The life
life
of good and wise
men
us.
has more and greater joys than the
of the wicked and unwise.
Plurimarum avium pennae sunt
discolores.
Rupium juga
magnum canum numfirum
hostis
Multorum juvenum animi sunt petulantes. Vatum animi futura provident. Nubes magnam imbrium vim effundunt. Lintrlum magnus in amne numerus Multa apum examlna per campos volitant. Multa agmina volUest. crum in silvis sunt. occupat.
Venatores
XXXVII. Words
to be
learned
and Exercises for
Gallia, ae,/. Gaul.
pax, acis,/ ^cace.
tenebrae, arum,/.
regio, onis,/. region.
rfarA:-
via, ae,/.
ness.
ars, artis,/ art.
frugea,
um, f fruit.
gens, gentis,/. people.
improbltas, atis,/. mcA;edness.
•
way. a,
um
(c.
gen.), conscious of. inscius,a, (c. gen.),
um
translation.
ignorant
unac-
of,
quainted with. consultus,
viator, oris, m. traveller.
conscius,
alunt.
a,
um
(c.
gen ),acquainted unth. cupldus,a,
um (c. gen.),
desirous.
gnarus,
a,
um,
(c.
;
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
72
(Kquaivied
gen.),
^^^-^ versed
tvith.
in, skil-
um,
a,
(c.
a,
um
studiosus,
a,
plenus,
gen.), unacquainted ivith.
infirmus, a,
um,
pauci, ae,
a few.
peritus,
a,
um,
a,
(c. gen.),
ignorant
um
(c.
gen.), zealous;
dious
sum
I pursue
(c.
gen.), pro-
(c.
rudis, e (c. gen.), rude,
full.
weak.
37.
dudive.
ful.
ignarus,
e
fertilis,
[§
stu-
remeo
of.
I return.
1.
que (always attached to a word), and.
(c. gen.),
earnestly.
Ingrati nobis sunt homines, qui litium sunt cuptdi.
majorum
Divites
Haec regiofaucium plena est. Bonus discipulus litterarum artlumque est studiosus. Gallia frugum hominumque fertilis Sapientlum et bonorum hominum animi nullius improbitatis sunt est.
opum
avldi sunt.
Samnitium gens
conscii.
rum
ignari sunt.
belli perita
pacisque artium rudes sunt.
Marius
belli
JVostratlum pauci littera-
erat.
Civitatlum fundamenta infirma sunt,
artium, Cicero pacis artium gnarus erat.
civitate auctoritas
magna
est, si juris
JVocMum tenebrae viatoribus viae
[of]
November
Cicero
et
Optimatium in
atque eloquentlae consulti sunt
insciis perniciosae sunt.
There are many (complures) kinds of
month
cives belli
si
Arpinatlum cives erant Marius
(gen.)
In
dogs.
(abl.)
the
great flocks of birds of passage (valucris adven-
Upon (in) the Thames, the titia) return from our regions to warmer. Weser and the Elbe there are a great number of great ships and small boats. The people of the Samnites were very brave. Boys of a lively genius and happy memory, apply themselves zealously to study of literature and the citizens
arts.
of Jhrpinum (Arpinas) was
XXXVIII. Words
to he
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
aedes, ium,/. AoMse.
custodia, ae, /. guardianship.
celeritas, atis,
misericordia, ae,/. jw7y.
consuetude,
libfiri,
(in
/
practice, intercourse.
children
relation
to their
foftitudo^Jnis, /. ry.
consilium, i,n.wze«5wre.
fatum,
i,
n. fate, for-
Achilles,
is,
m,
Achilles.
n. top.
&rirt;e-
[ents.
scure.
a,
um,
oh-
um,
a,
ntis,
telligent
; c.
ivise,
in-
gen. vers-
in.
frequenio' nidifico
1.
1.
//re^wenf.
/ make a
nest.
tego
Jf2o-
very great,
immense. prudens, ntis, ed
top.
parentes, ium, w. ^aridon^us, a, \im, fitted.
obscurus,
tune.
Romanus, man. ingens,
inis, /.
orum, m.
parents).
swift-
ness.
cacumen, inis, culmen, inis, n.
market,fair.
the
Cicero,
diflTerent.
Capra, ae,/ goof.
nundlnae, arum, /.
(in)
The fame of Marius and
3.
/
cover.
minus, adv.
less.
$
CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
37.]
Caprae montium cacumina petunt
73
Multi corvi nidifYcant in altarum
Vocum miilta genera sunt. Glirium magnus est Ingens murium, numerus in horreis est. Strigium vox inniimerus. grata est. Roinanarum cohortium fortitudo ab omnibus scriptoribus Parentlum in liberos amor est magnus. Compedium fer praedicatur.
ardum culminlbus.
'
,
rearum onus grave
Pedum
est.
Pe-
eeleritate Achilles insignis erat.
natium custodiae aedes committuntur.
Homlnmn
iur'is
prudentium
Alacfium
civitas regitur.
consiliis
disci^-
pulorum ingenla ad litterarum stndia sunt idonea. Celehrium urbium Celerum equorum crura nundinae a multis hominibus frequentantur. sunt tenera.
mur. era
Amicorum
laboris nostri consortum consuetudine delecta-
Homlnum omnis amicorum consuetudinis exsortum* fortuna Degenerum
est.
filiorum
patres
mis-
sunt
misericordia nostra digni
SuppUcum preces exaiidi. Urbs plena est locupletum homlnum. Hominum artificwn opera laudamus. Praedpitum montium juga nubibus teguntur. Andpitum fatorum via est obsciira. The captives are pressed by (abl.) the load of hard fetters. On (ad) the banks of the Rhine (Rhenus, i) are a great number of ancient (vetusThe works of the ancient (vetus) artists are tue) castles (arx).
Human
worthy of admiration. fortunes.
friendship
good.
The way leads over of men sharing in
life is full
of (gen.) uncertain (anceps)
The
(per) the ridge of steep rocks.
(consors)
our
all
toils
a very great
is
Great presents from (gen.) the rich, often delight our minds less
than small presents from (gen.) the poor.
XXXIX.
Words
to be
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
Bivitiae,
arum,/, ric/ie*. levltas, atis,/, levity. Centaurus, i, m.. centaur, pavo, onis, m. peacock.
immoderatus, a, um, in-
do\\\\m,\.,n. gift, present, sors, rtis, f. lot. oraculum, i, n. oracle, Delphicus, a, um, Del-
optabllis, e, rfe^VaWc.
announcement. certamen, inis,
n.
con- moderatus, a,
um,
tern-
perate.
Cicurum elephantorum ars magna multa a poetis narrantur certamlna.
vigeo
2.
/
am
strong,
active, vigorous.
phic.
test, fight.
temperate.
ut, as,
even as,
—
ita, 5aj.
thus, est.
Bicorporum Centaurorum
Discolorum pavonum pennae pul-
Homlnum virtutis compotum vita laudabllis est. Puerorum impuberum levitas a praeceptore coercetur. Ut hominum rationia participum vita moderata est, ita hominum rationis expertium immoderata est. Hominum glorlae suae superstUum sors non est optabilis. Puherum et corpora et anlmi vigent. Prudentioriim hominum consilio pachrae sunt.
*
7
Or exsortium
is
doubtful.
;
,
74
! ;
MASCULINE.
Plunum hominum
rere debemus.
animi
[^
divitias
38.
quam virtutem
magis,
Compluflum discipulorum ingenia a litterarum studio ab-
expetunt.
Oracula Delphica similia sunt ob-
PoBmdtis delectamur.
horrent.
scuris aenigmdtis.
Who
not delighted by (abl.) the
is
ber of
men
cepts
of wise and virtuous
Many
surviving their fame
is
(=
(praedico) happy the life
the pre-
men As we pronounce
possessed of virtue, compos)
of those
life
O boys,
Obey,
of the tame elephants walk upon (per) a rope.
plore the
The num-
poems of Horace?
very great.
we
friendship, so
sharing in
de-
The announcements of
of those destitute of friendship.
the ancient prophets were often ambiguous (anceps) and like enigmas.
Determination of Gender according endings.
* •
^,
§ 38.
Of
Rem.
(§ 18.
Examples. 1) O: le-o generosus, dol-or acerbus, a severe pain ; 3) Os 4)
Er
altuSy
:
agg-er altus, a kigh
a high
to the
»
Masculine.
the masculine gender are the
and imparisyllahles
.
.
4.)
nouns in
o, or, os^ er,
:
in es.
magnanimous lion; 2) Or: A-os pulcher, a beautiful Jlower
the :
mound;
5)
Es
m imparisyllahles
:
pai*i-c5
wall.
Exceptions.
1)0:
1)0;
Feminine are echo, cdrOf Also nouns in do, go, U :
Cardo, ;
But mascidine : cardo, harpdgo, Margo too, and ordo, ligo, Together with concretes in lo.
inis,
m. a hinge.
caro, carnis,/.^c5^.
echo, echus,/. reverberation, echo. harpago, onis, m. a grappling hook. ligo, onis, m. a hoe; mattock. margo, Inis, m. a margin, edge. ordo, inis, m. order,
Rem.
1.
The feminines
series,
rank.
in io are either abstract or collective nouns,
as: actio, an action, legio, onis, a legion, natio, onis, a nation ; still some have acquired a concrete meaning, as regio, aregion, (originally, a directing or direction). The concretes in io are all masculine, as scipio, a staff, papilio, a bidterfly, pugio, a dagger. :
:
J
2)
OP the feminine
Or: gender
Barely, arbor, arboris
The
n/cvier
is,
Ador, orisn. aequor,
;
has but four in or
Marmjor, aequor^ ador,
Or:
2)
cor.
spelt.
oris, n.
a
level
surface, (es-
pecially of the sea). arbor, oris,/ a
tree.
cor, cordis, n. the heart.
marmor,
oris, n. marble.
'
:;
GENDER OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
U8.]
Os:
3)
Of
Only these two
cos
:
Os:
3)
the feminine are in
Cos,
o5,
and
6tis,y*.
a
7fi
flint-stone, whetstone.
dos, 6tis,y. dowry, portion.
dos.
OS, ossis, n.
a bone^ and 6s, the face, These are of the neuter class.
t)s,
a bone,
ossa, lum).
{pi.
countenance, brow,
n. the
OS, oris,
mouth.
Er:
4)
The
many
neuter has
Ver, cadaver,
a maple-tree. cadaver, eris, n. a corpse. cicer, eris, n. a chick-pea. iter, itineris, n. a way, journey,
tuber,
iter,
Cicer, piper, siser, uber,
Zingiber, papdver, suber, Acer,
siler, verber, spintker.
But only feminine
Er:
4)
Acer,
in, er,
firis,
n.
inarch. linter, tris,/.
is linter.
papa ver,
a
boat, skiff.
€ris, n.
a poppy.
piper, eris, n. pepper. siler, eris, n. the willow.
Es
5)
imparisyllable
Impansyllables in
siser, eris, n.
[res,
m).
carrot (but pi. 5wc-
spinther, eris, n. a bracelet.
es.
suber, eris, n. the,cork-tree.
Give but one as neuter : aes But as feminine we have merces, Quies, requies
a
tuber, eris, n. tumor, hump.
uber, eris, n. a dug, udder.
and compes,
ver, eris, n. the spring.
Also, seges, teges, merges.
verber,
(commonly
plur. verbera,)
n. stripes, blows.
zingiber, eris, n. ginger. 5) Imparisyllables in
Aes,
merges,
aeris, n. brass.
comi)es, edis,
f fetters,
itis,/.
a
es.
sheaf,
quies, etis,/. quiet.
seges, etis,/. a crop. teges, etis,/. a?nat
merces, edis, /. recom- requies, etis (ace. requicm),/, rest, relaxation. pense. 2. Contrary to the general rule (§ 13.), some names of cities remain masculine, as Croto also, those in as, G. antis, as Taras, Tunes, etis, Tunis, and those antis, Tarentum ; those in es, G. etis, as in 165, G. wnfis, as SeHnus, untis.
Remark
in
:
:
;
:
:
XL. *Wbrds Assyria,
to he
ae,/ Assyria,
senator, oris, m. senator.
a
scipio, onis, m. legio, 6nis,y!
imago,
a
staff.
legion.
resonus,
caput,
itis,
n.
head.
chief city.
aeternus, a, um, eternal.
a,
1.
gard
as.
um, royal. um, rever-
a,
berating.
superbus,
].
I judge,
I judge,
nomino
um, proud,
magnificent.
re-
1. I call. habeo2. I have, regard
as. a,
re-
as.
um, of judico
ivory, ivory.
regius, a,
existimo
gard
eburneus,
image.
is,
Exercises for translation.
um, pleas-
a,
ant,
n. badge.
inis,
insigne,
and
learned
amoenus,
maneo
2.
/ remain.
MASCULINE.
76r
(Comp.
Pavo vocatur superbus. tur.
Hirundinem vocamus
manet
aeterna.
Babylon,
§ §
[$38.
84, 89. 5.)
Echo resona ab Horatio vocis imago vocaLegionuni Romanarum gloria garrulain. Mala
caput Assyriae, iiominatur superba.
Scipto eburneus in-
•consuetudo saepe homiiiibus exsistit perniciosa.
Regiones montium plenas judicamus amoenas.
signe regium habetur.
Seiiatorum ordo existimatur sanctus.
The peacock we
call
Horace
proud.
calls
chief city of Assyria, writers call proud.
der of senators as sacred.
O
Avoid,
XL
Words
I.
uavalis,
hattlt.
learned
m.
river.
bravery of the
vitiilus,
i,
m.
calf.
Roman
[thage.
/
a,
modestus,
m. butter-
inis,
Carr,
est.
sapidus,
extended, liberal. oris,
m. honor,
conspicuus,
a,
um,
con-
"• spicuous. post of honor. proceres, um, m. chief extremus, a^um,duter-
a,
um, pou)-
erfid, rich.
onis, m. Croton. pallldus, livid. m. a ram- amplus,a, um, spaa'oiw,
part.
um,/rw* a, um, mod-
opulentus,
um, o/ caZ/. Croto,
eris,
is
translation.
firmus,
origo, inis,/. origin.
Carthago,
legions
very pleasant.
is
Jiy.
echo
Babylon, the
The citizens regard the orwe regard as a royal badge.
and Exercises for
]ia\n\io, onis,
i,
honos,
The
!
This region
to be
coiv.
fluvius,
vitulinus, a,
ivoi*y staff
naval natio, on is,/, nation. ^
vacca, ae, f.
agger,
The
boys, a bad practice
extolled by (ab) writers.
Pugna
the reverberating
Swallows are called loquacious.
the image of the voice.
um,
a,
a,
um,
pale^
sapid,
ruber, bra, brum,
rerf.
hostiWs, e, hostile.
effundo, I pour forth.
most, last.
men.
Croto erat clams.
Carthago opulenta
erat.
Caro vitulina tenera
est.
Multarum nationum ac gentium origo obscura est. A deo omnia originem suam ducunt. Fluvius super extremum marginem effunditur, Portae cardines sunt firmi. Harpagone ferreo in pugna navali hostiles naves petuntur.
Discolores papiliones sunt pulchri.
Milo (Milo, onis) was a citizen of the renowned Croton. call
Carthage powerful.
Upon
(in)
The
Roman
the remotest margin of the river tMere are
hinges of the door are iron.
The
origin of the
The
Writers
natioulis obscure.
many
variegated butterfly
trees. is
The
beautiful.
grappling hooks are of iron.
Multae procerae arbores in
silva sunt.
Proceres
honorum
dignitate
Marmor estsplendidum. Corda rubra sunt. Camporum aequor amplum est. Ador maturum est. Mores hominum varii sunt. Dura cote acuimus securim ferream.
conspicui sunt.
Sorores fratribus caraesunt.
Filia a parentibus
ampla dote donatur.
Durum
est os.
Juv6nis os
^
GENDER OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
38.]
modestum
High is
vitulo turgida
trees surround the
The
swollen.
corpse
house of
father.
The udder of
the
cow
are praised, the bad are censured.
delight
we
heart
take a walk in
pond
the
The
Whetstones are hard.
house) of the king.
(in)
the spring over (per) the extended
Splendid marble adorns the palace
The
the daughter a liberal dowry.
On
is
(abl.)
surface of the pleasant plains.
minds.
my
A high rampart is built by (ab) the ene-
The good customs of men
men
(=
Zingiber est
The bones are hard. The red. The goose is cackling (= loqua-
The
city.
countenances of
With
pallida.
ubera praebet
pale.
is
lintres in fluvio
Hostes circa ur-
are various.
mies around the
cious).
Cadavera sunt
altum exstriiunt
Vacca
Multae
Garruli sunt anseres.
est
liberis cara
bem aggerem sapldum.
Ver nobis gratum est
esse debet
Mater
sunt.
77
parents present
pleasant spring exhilarates our
in (gen.) our garden, are
many and
beauti-
ful boats.
XLII. Words Camelus,
i,
domesticus,
m. camel.
condimentum,
i,
fessus, a, i,
n.
Exercises for translation.
um,
a,
member,
um,
hoiiestus, a,
paries, etis, m. wall, (of
celebrltas, at\s, f. concourse, multitude.
pilosus, a,
pretiosus,
ivearied.
um, hon-
covered
dous,
a um, pre-
costly.
crudelis, e, crud. a,
um,
noc-
turnal.
excolo 3. / cultivate. infligo
3.
Sorores meae^spinthera aurea habent
(with dat) /
upon.
inflict
Silera sunt utilia.
um,
ivith hair^ hairy.
orable.
nocturnus,
house).
dulce.
do-
mestic, private.
n.
seasoning.
membrum,
and
learned
to be
Siser est
Iter est longura.
Camelus habet tubera
pilosa.
Papavera rubra sunt pulchra.
Subera sunt Cicera parva
dura.
Piper est acre.
sunt
Acera sunt dura.
fligit
Orator non intra domestlcos parietes excolitur, sed in luce vitae
et
hominum
tur.
turna
celebritate.
Crudelis
Aera
Compedes durae sunt
hominum
fessa
homo equo dura
varia sunt
Laborum
membra
Campi
verbera
in-
segete laeta ornan-
requies grata est
recreantur.
fusti
Quiete noc-
Merces laborum honesta
existimatur.
The sharp pepper and sapid ginger are regarded as the seasonings (plur.) The walls of this house are high. The brass is splendid. The carrot is sweet The cork tree is hard. Chickpeas are round. The ass endures hard blows patiently. Maple trees are hard. My sister has a golden bracelet Long is the way through precepts, short and effectual through examples. The red poppy fe beautiful. The willow is useful. Recompense for (gen.) labor (pi.) we regar^ as
of food
7*
•
%•»• ^
:
78
FEMININE.
honorable.
Nocturnal rest refreshes the wearied limbs of men. Sleep
fetters press tender feet.
from
P 39.
The hump of the camel is hairy. The willow is
(gen.) cares.
Iron
an agreeable (gratus, a, um) relaxation
is
Joyful crops adorn
the plains of the extended country.
useful.
39. Feminine,
§
Of the
fejninine gender are nouns in as, is, aus, us, G. Mis or udis, x, those in s with a consonant before it and pari' :
Rem.
syllables (§ 18.
Examples.
As:
1)
pulchra, a beautiful bird
G.
litis,
in es.
4.)
aest-a* calida, a ;
Aus
3)
,
1-aits
warm summer; 2) Is: a\-is magna, great praise ; 4) f/s,
udis: juvent-M5(utis) \aeia, joijful youth, inc-us (udis) ferrea, iron
anvil, pal-iiw, (udis) alta, deep pool, pec-its (udis), single
perns, pecoris (cattle)
sonant before
it
:
;
X
5)
\u-x clara, clear light
:
hie-wi5 aspera,
rough winter
7)
;
head of cattle, but with a con-
6) .S
;
Es
in parisyllables
:
nub-es nigra, black cloud.
Exceptions.
l)^s:
l)^s: Three are masculine in as: As, adamas and elephas, And one is neuter namely, vas.
Adamas,
m. a diamond. m. an as (a coin). elephas, antis, m. (commonly elephantus, i, m.) elephant. antis,
as, assis,
vas, asis, n. a vessel, vase.
^)Is:
2) Is:
Amnis,
Masculine are these in is Panis, piscis, crinis, finis,
and
Sanguis, unguis,
m. a
river.
m. an axletree. caUis, is, m. a foof-path, path.
axis,
Ignis, lapis, pulvis, cinis, Orbis, amnis
is,
is,
canalis,
candlis,
is,
ium, m. hunter's net. [cabbage. caulis, is, m. a stalk, cabbage-stalk,
cassis, generally plur. casses,
glis, annalis,
Fascis, axis, funis, ensis, Fustis, vectis, vermis, Tnensis, Postis,follis, cucUmis,
cinis, eris, m. ashes.
Cassis, collis,
coll is,
is,
crinis,
is,
collis,
rSerUis, caulis, pollis.
cuciimis, eris, m. a cu-
cumber. ensis, fascis, finis,
m. a sword.
is, is, is,
m. a bundle, m. the end ;
plur. borders,
territo-
ry.
foUis,
is,
funis,
is,
m. bellows. m. a rope, cable.
fustisj is,
m. a club.
is,
lapis, idis,
mensis, orbis,
panis,
is,
is,
m. a stone.
m. a month.
m. a
circle.
•*'
m. a hill. m. hair.
m. a dormouse, m.^re.
glis, iris,
ignis,
•'
m. canal, water-course.
pulvis, eris, m. dust.
sanguis, inis, m.
6/oorf.
m. a bramble, generally plur. sentes, a thorn bush. unguis, is, m. a naU, sentis,
is,
m. bread. piscis, is, m. afi^h. claw. pollis, inis, m. fine flour vectis, is, m. a lever, (Nom. wanting). bolt. postis, is, m. a post. vermis, is, m. worm. is,
:
:
GENDER OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
$39.
70
Scrobis, is, a pit and torquis, a neck-cludn are mostly Masc. but sometimes Feminine.
S)X:
3)X; Masculine there are in ar, Fornix^ onyx and cdlix^
Apex, icis, m. a tufl, summit, bombyx, ycis, m. the sUk-worm. m. a cup.
Varix, calyx, coccyx, oryx,
calix, icis,
Tradux, hombyx, also sorix ;
calyx, ycis, m. a hud,
Add
most in ex, Grex, apex, codex, and murex,
caudex,
Gaudex, frutex, pollex, pulex, ; and then in ax All Greek nouns, except climax.
coccyx, ygis, m. a cuckoo. codex, icis, m. a book.
to these
sJiell.
m. trunk of a
icis,
tree.
climax, acis,/. a ladder, climax.
Sorex, vei-vex
fornix, icis, m. arch, vault.
a shrub, onyx, ychis, m. the onyx. sorix or sourix, icis, m. a kind of owl. oryx,yg\s,m. the gazelle. tradux, ucis, m. a vinegrex, egis, m. a Jlock, pollex, icis, m. thumb. branch. crowd. pulex, icis, m. ajlea. varix, icis, m. a varix. murex, icis, m. a pur- sorex, icis, m. Jieldvervex, ecis, m. a wether. ple fish, purple. mouse.
frutex, icis, m.
plur. a thicket.
JRemark. Styx, Stygis, a river in the lower world, contrary to the (§ 13.) is of the /emmi'ne gender.
general rule 4)
Es parisyllable
Es
4)
palumbes,
Masculine parisyllahles in es, Are only two: pdlumbes and
vepres,
ve-
is,
parisyllable
m. wood-pigeon. m. a bramble. is,
pres.
a consonant
5) 5^ with
before
5) 5* with
it.
Masculine are in' ons and ens, Fons, mons, pons, dens, confiiiens, • » Bidens, tridens, occidens, Rudens, torrens, oriens ;
bidens,
Two
fons,
and
Hydrops
mons,
occidens,
(sc.
sol), tis,
m. sun-set, the west sol),
tis,
Albis,
i,
is,
i,
tis,
m. a
countries.
])ons, tis,
steel.
m. a confluence. tooth.
rudens,
(sc.
funis),
torl^^lpcil amnis), a torrent,
m. a bridge.
m. a rope,
tis
impetuous
sfream. tridens,
tis,
m. a
trident.
cable.
m
XLIII. Words
Nummus,
it.
m. a fountain.
sun-iise, the east, east-
western countries. (sc.
tis, tis,
before
hydrops, opis, tmb^iBsy.
m. a moun-
em
aurum,
dens,
ybs.
tain.
oriens
confluens,
an
tis,
a consonant
m. a hoe, mattock.
chalybs, ybis, m.
^
in ops
tis,
to he
m. money.
learned
Tiberis,
is,
and Exercises for m. Tiber.
n. gold.
anas, atis,/ a duck.
m. Elbe.
cassis, idis,/. helmet.
Venus,
translation. firis,/.
angustus,
a,
Venus.
um,
row, contracted.
nar-
j
80
FEMININE.
um,
flavus, a,
yellow
occultus, a,
um,
limpidus,
Anas
a,
timida
fecundas.
sordidus,
broad.
um,
cZear.
est.
a,
um, foul.
Veritas auro digna est.
perator auream cassidem gestat.
Amnis
Callis est angiistus.
Albis latus habet ripas
Vas
est.
As Romanus
est
est limpidus.
Im-
aureum.
Vena-
Multae aves pulchre canunt.
In patris hoito multi cucum6-
coUe occultos casses tendit
tor in alto
res crescunt.
rolled, roll.
Aprilis sacer est Veneri.
Adamas durissimus
parvus est nummus.
I am
sacer, cra,crum, sacrec?.
Tiberis est flavus.
39.
gesto 1. / carry, hear, cresco 3. 1 grow. volvo 3. I roll ; volvor,
con-
cealed.
flaxen. latus, a,
um,
P
Amnis
altus
multos
alit
pisces.
Multi parvi vermes in sordido pulvere volvuntur.
Validi sunt portarum postes.
Vectis est ferreus.
The Elbe is broad. The worm is small. These paths are very narrow. Many fish are in that clear river. That gate has strong The ducks are timid. The general wears (= bears) a golden posts. neck-chain. This river is broad and deep. The cucumbers in the garden of my father, are ripe. Diamonds are very hard. The rivers These cucumbers are
are clear.
ripe.
These
hills
are very high.
Upon that high hill the nets concealed by the hunter are spread. The helmet of the general is* q/* goZrf (= golden). These vases are very beautiful. In this wood are many birds. These bolts are of iron
(=
iron). Old age is strong, youth weak. These pools are very deep.
XLIV. Words
to be
Bibliotheca, ae,/. lihra-
Anvils are
iron
(=
iron).
learned and Exercises for translation.
Apollo, ini^^. ApoUo.
Juno, 6nis,f. Juno.
ry^
o/"
chorda, &eif. chord,
ov'is, is,
columba, ae,/. dove.
densus,
triticeig,
a,
um, of
wheat, wheaten.
r4y^ universus, a, f. sheep. whole. a, um, dense.
um,
the
asper, era, erum, rough. um, lofty, coWustrol.. I illuminate. um, wUd. rosa, ae,/. ^<^^^H frondosus, a, um, leafy, dilacero 1. / tear in musicus, i, m^KKcian. igneus, a, um, fiery. pieces. Vesuvius, i, m. T^u- lapideus, a, um, of excito I. I excite, raise, converto 3.' / turn vius. stone. sarmentum, i, n. twig, opimus, a, um, fat. around. [forth, branch. evomo 3. / emit, belch rapidus, a, um, rapid, solum, i, 71. the ground, tortus, a, um, twisted. tango 3. / touch. ecclesin, ae, f. church,
excelsus, a,
India, ae,/. Ii^fM^L
ferus, a,
'
Leo teneram ovem ungue acuto dilacerat. Sanguis ruber est. Miles ensem ferreum gestat. Torquis est aureus. Sentes asperi sunt. Scrobis est altus.
Panis triticeus est dulcis.
orbis sole coUustratur.
Universus
terrarum
Mensis Junius a Junone nomen habet.
Oc-
GENDER OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.
$39.]
Lapldes sunt
cultus est caiialis. excitatur.
Follis est plenus
E
tus finis ^st.
monte
alto
Funis tortus
Mors omnium malorum
multi sarmentorura fasces portantur.
silvis
summa
Terra circum axem suum
cer-
Poetae
Vesuvius igneos cineres evomit.
Apollini flavos crines tribuunt. les teneri sunt.
in
Fustis est durus.
venti.
Hostes in fines nostros irrumpunt.
est.
magnus
Ignis
duri.
81
Cau-
celeritate converti-
tur.
The
Man
The sword
is
is
This bread
month
[of]
June
is
The ropes
(victor, oris) general,
est nigra.
The
illu-
The
clubs are hard.
Bundles [of twigs] bound with laurd
that way.
Romans, were a badge of a
In excelso montis apice est
justae.
Pulices molesti vexant columbam.
Murex est
sorlces
Oryges sunt est.
velocissimi.
Musi-
Onyx
est
In bibliotheca regis mag-
Alti sunt ecclesiae fornices.
nus optimorum codlcum numerus
petunt
Traduces teneros solo
Varices sanguinis pleni sunt.
pretiosus.
cus docto poUice tangit chordas. pulcherrimus.
Magnus avium grex Timldos
Verveces opimi sunt.
In India sunt multi bombyces.
avidi sorlces.
victorious
y
Leges sunt
petit frutices frondosos.
inserimus.
The sun
are twisted.
The bellows are full of wind (gen.). The canals are concealed.
very pleasant.
High stones surround
turris alta.
The end
raised a great fire in the city.
(laureatus, a, um), with the
Nox
Vesuvius, fiery
given to Apollo by (ab) the poets.
(plur.) is
good, that bad.
minates the whole circle of the world.
The enemies
From
soldiers defend our borders against (contra),
Flaxen hair
is
tender.
is
in
Axle-trees are round.
Avoid ye the rough thorn-bushes.
The
uncertain.
the enemies.
has red. blood.
This cabbage
sharp.
ashes are belched forth.
of life
,The tender sheep are torn
teeth of the lion are sharp.
pieces by (ab) the lions.
Rosae calyx pulcher
est.
Calix
(=
black).
est plenus vini.
The cups
wine
are full of
Just laws are salutary to the (in)
the plains are
many
are very useful.
branches are tender.
My
nights are dark
The
Onyxes are very
varix
is
full
Purple-fishes are very costly.
The The
trunks of trees are full of branches gazelle
is
very swift.
flocks of (gen.) sheep.
(=
Silk-
beautiful.
of blood
Husband-men have many wethers. um) thumb was a sign of favor (favor,
very timid. sus, a,
many books. On The shrubs are leafy.
father has
flocks of (gen.) sheep.
In the church are high arches.
worms
The
(gen.) state.
(gen.).
Vine-
Field-mice are
The depressed (presoris) to the Romans.
branchy, ramosus,
a,
um).
The wealthy husbandmen nourish many
:
;
::
;
NEUTER.
82
[^
Vepres sunt densi.
Nubes sunt higrae. Palumbes sunt timidi. Hiems est aspera. Limpidus fons in alto monte torrentem pons lipideus ducit.
Omnes
40.
Super rapidum
est.
ferae bestiae duros et acutos
dentes habent. Durus est chalybs. Multi nautae ab exiremo oriente ad extremum occidentem navigant. Ru dentes torti sunt. Neptunus
magnum
tridentem gestat.
The cloud is
is
The wood-pigeon
black.
Dense brambles surround the
twisted.
of stone.
Many wares
The
timid.
is
cable
is
This bridge
clear fountain.
are carried (vehere) by (ab) the traders, from
the remotest east to (ad) the remotest west and from the remotest west to the remotest east.
Torrents are rapid. tains are
upon
The teeth of wild beasts are hard and The rough winter is disagreeable. Clear
that high mountain.
sharp.
foun-
Steel is very hard.
40. Neuter,
§
Of the neuter gender are nouns in ut, us, G. eris, oris, uris.
a, e, c,
:
/,
en^ ar, ur,
Examples: \) A: poem-rt pulchrum, a beautiful poem ; 2) E: marmagnum, a great sea; 3) C: only la-c (lact-is), and ale-c (ecis), end in lac tepldum, warm milk, alec sapidum, salt Jish-brine this letter, as 4) L: fe-Z amarum, bitter gall; 5) En nom-en clarum, a renowned nam£ 6) Ar calc-ar acutum, a sharp spur ; 7) Ur : rob-wr (oris) magnum, greaf sfreng^^ ; 8) Ul: caput humanum, a human head; 9) Us: e
:
:
;
gen-iis (6ris) clarum,
a renowned
race.
Exceptions
From the neuter are rejected, By the masculine accepted,
Two With
in
I :
sol
and
:
Furfur, uris, m. bran. lepiis, oris,
lien,
sal,
four in en
m. a hare.
enis, m. (ancient
form for
splen), the spleen.
Ren, splen, pecten, lien. Masculine too are three in ur
mus,
Furfur, turtur and vvltur Add to these two words in us
ren,
sal, is,
m.
Lepus, leporis and mus. But feminine there is in Barely the single word
sol, is,
m. sun.
us, telliis.
uris,
pecten,
m. mouse. m. comb.
inis,
commonly
plur. renes, kidney.
salt, wit.
splen, enis, m. spleen. tellus, uris,/. the earth.
turtur, uris, m. turtle-dove.
vultur, uris, m.
Remark. Contraiy e
remain
neuter, as
oris, live-oak.
:
to the general rule (§ 13.) the
a
vulture.
names of
Praeueste, and besides, Anxur, Tibur
;
cities in
also, robur,
;:,
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GENDER OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION.
41.]
XLV. Words Liber, bri, m. 600^.
and
learned
to be
Eizercises for translation.
fulgur, uris, n.
m. reader. ning. m. pleasant- Atticus,
83
pavidus,
light-
lector, oris,
a,
rutllus, a,
um,
shy,
um^Jiery
red.
um, Mic. mollis, e, sojl. ry,jest. dentaXus, a, um, toothed, perrodo 3. / gnaw Hannibal, alis, m. Han- festivus, a, um, delicate. through. l0por, oris,
a,
jocosus, a,u m,facetious.
nibal.
Sol igneus
Calcaria sunt acuta.
Romanorum sunt,
humidi
sunt.
Pecten est dentatus.
nomen
est clarum.
Furfur
Sal est sapid us.
est.
poetae comici
Fulgur
triticeus est
moUissimus.
Renea
est.
Hannibalis
est rutilum.
Vultures saevi
Juvenum corpora sunt
unguibus dilacerant turtures pavidos.
Timidos
Sales Plauti,
Splen tener
valde jocosi.
valida.
lepores venator quaerit in silvis, festivos lepores lector in libris.
Mures parvi saepe validos muros perrodunt.
The
to turtle-doves.
circle
dishes (== foods) for season-
Of the gender is
illuminates the
are toothed.
of the Fourth Declension.
Us of the fourth
And u
The warm sun
swift.
Combs
Vultures are destructive
Turtle-doves and wood-pigeons
Mice are very small.
of the earth.
§ 41.
many
for
is)
extolled by writers.
is
Hares are veiy
are very shy.
whole
(=
sapid salt serves
Attic wit (plur.)
ing.
masculine
is
of the neuter kind
But feminine
there are in us
Tribus, acus^ porticus^
Domus, idus and mamis. Tribus, us,/,
fri&e,
com-
domus, us,/
pany. acus,
us,/ needle. us,/ por/ico.
idus,
Anus,
us, old
Words
to be
man.
learned
motJier-in-
piter (ahl. Jove).
manns,
hand.
translation.
urbanus,
um, of certo
a,
us, f.
a,
um, of
the
city.
marble, marble. rusllcus, a,
May, July and Oct., but 13th of the other months),
and Exercises for
marmoreus,
law.
law.
the Ides
Juppiter, Jovis, m. Ju-
nurus, us, daughttr-insocrus, us,
uum,/
(15th day of March,
porttcus,
XL VI.
house,
palace.
I
aut, or
um, of
the
—
er
.
;
I contend. aut
—
aut, eith-
or.
country.
Magnificam
regis
domum
amplae
Tribus sunt aut urbanae, aut rusticae.
marmoreae ornant
porticus.
In silva sunt multae
vetustae
et
GENDER OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION.
84
[Ml.
Anus sunt garriilae. Socribus carae sunt nurus acum perita manu regit Cum rusticis tribu-
et altae quercus.
Puella acutam
bonae.
bus certant urbanae.
The
of the king
magnificent palace
and marble pines.
The The
adorned with
is
(abl.)
royal palaces are surrounded by
of the royal palace
portico
The king
guard our houses. palace.
The
porticos.
is
high
Dogs
very magnificent.
is
(= builds)
building
spacious
(abl.)
a very magnificent
Ides are sacred to Jupiter.
Promiscuous examples from all the Declensions.
XL VII.
Words
to be
and
learned
Exercises for translation,
jecur, jecoris or jeciAquila, ae,/ ert^/e. noris, n. liver. insidiae, arum,/.snarcs,
ambush.
nix,nivis,y!
petulantia, ae, /. lictn[cury.
tis,
i,
m. Mer-
s6nex,
rusticus,
m. farmer,
man,
a
seat.
senis,
old,
sene
{abl.
i.
n.
meadow,
supellex,
bos, bovis,
c.
cow
ox,
old
boum, bobus or bubus.
pi. boves,
pi. -ium).
Sapiens parva supellectile est contentus.
copiam supellectilium. coelum, terrae multos
Hieme
maria reguntur.
et
boum
greges
Multi homines aliud clausum lingua.
up. (c.
a,
um,
ready.
virldis, e, green.
compleo 2. IfII. tumeo 2. 1 swell. pasco 3. I pasture.
Divites
magnam
terra nivlbus
habent In sene
Juvenilis aetas viget corporis viribus.
valde displicet petulantia.
Rustici
/.
um, shut a, um,
abl.), contented.
promtus,
etc.).
ectllis,
a,
contentus,
pi.
;
utensils [abl. -e. gen.
;
pi.
;
etc.).
clausus,
householdfurniture,
bilis, is, /. bile.
abl. vi
vires, powers, virium,
m. Mors.
senes, senum,
rustic.
pratum,
vim and
snow (abl. c).
sedes, is,/,
Mercurius, i.
tity,
pectus, oris, n. breast.
wayward- Mars,
tionsness, ness.
qunn(forms only ace.
Vis, /.'power,force,
A
completur.
Jove
Jecinora saepe tument bile amara.
alunt.
Agricolae
bobus agros
in pectore habent, aliud
arant.
promtum
Primus hebdomadis dies appellatur dies Lunae,
alter
in
dies
Martis, tertius dies Mercurii, quartus dies Jovis, quintus dies Veneris,
Septimus dies
Solis.
The powers of
the lion are great.
To
Jupiter the eagle
is
sacred.
There are various kinds of house-furniture (pL). Keep, O boys, in (abl.) memory, the precepts of wise old men. Modest manners (= customs) please in the boy, the young man and the old man. In the months November and December the clouds discharge a great quantity (vis) of (gen.) rain (plur.)
and snow.
In the liver
is
the seat of anger.
Lions
;
!
CLASSES OF VERBS.
42.]
^
Upon
prepare snares for cows.
85
meadows
the green
(in)
are pastured
a great herd of (gen.) cows.
XLVIII. Words
learned
to he
and Exercises for
translation.
lavo 1. I wash. Praeniium, i, n. reword, voluntas, atis,/. will. principium, i, w. feeg-tn- casus, us, m. Jail, ca- immmeo 2. [threaten. ning.
eligo 3. I choose.
lamity, chance.
vincuhim,
i,
quoudie, adv. daily.
consensus, us, m. agree-
bond,
n.
autem, conj. but. an (in questions),
ment.
chain.
hebd6mas,adis,/
tiJceA:.
vitiositas, atis,/. vice.
arduus,
a,
appello
1.
um, c?t/^jiZf. I calL
or.
Manus manum lavat. Honos Mors pro[)ter incertos casus quotidie nobis Omnium rerum a deo immortali principia ducuntur. Nul-
Certus amicus in re incerta cernitur.
praemium
virtutis
immlnet.
him
est.
est certius amicitiae vinciilum,
liorum et voluiitatum
Duae sunt
quam consensus vitae viae
:
et
societas consi'-
virtutis et vitiositatis
alterutram eligere debes, o puer
Firm are two is
(=
certain) friends are seen in
ways of
life,
troublesome and
the other (alter)
which way
is
difficult,
[that]
way of the one (alter) a peaceful life the way of
but leads to
the
;
;
easy and agreeable, but leads to a wretched
(utra via
of virtue, or
There
an uncertain thing.
of virtue and of vice
= which of
of vice
the
life
;
two ways) dost thou choose, [that]
?
THIRD COURSE. CHAPTER
I.
Of the Verb. §
42.
Classes of verbs,
a) Active verbs, or the
floreo
;
form expressing as
:
activity, as
laudo puerum
active verbs are called intransitive, as
b)
2.). :
laudo,
those active verbs which take an object in the accu-
sative, are called transitive,
(alicui),
(§ 6,
gaudeo (de aliqua
:
floreo,
;
all
other
dormio, pareo
re).
Passive verbs, or the form expressing passivity or the
receiving of an action. 8
;
;
INFINITIVE, ETC.
MODES.
TENSES.
86
;
[H 43, 44, 45.
Deponent verbs are such as have the passive form but
c)
the active signification.
§43. Tenses of the Verb,
II.
I love,
1)
Present, am-o,
2)
Perfect, am-a-vi, /Aai;e /ovec?;
I.
3) Imperfect, ani-a-bam, //oy^c?, ?«;a5 /ovmo*,
I had loved; Future (simple), am-a-bo, I shall love, Future Perfect, am-a-vero, I shall have
4) Pluperfect, am-a-veram, III. 5)
6)
Remark. The
Pres., the Perf.
loved.
and the two Futures are called
—
princi-
The Perf. in Latin, pal tenses, the others historical or narrative tenses. deus mundum is used in a two-fold way a) hke the English Perf as creavit, (God has created the earth) b) like the English Imperf in narrating, as Romulus Roman condidit, (Romulus built Rome). In the first case it is called the Perf present, and is considered as belonging to the principal tenses, in the last the Perf historical, and belongs to the :
;
;
:
historical tenses.
§44. Modes of the Verb. I.
The
reality, as
Indicative,
The
II.
which expresses a
the rose blooms, bloomed,
:
ivill
fact,
phenomenon,
bloom
Subjunctive, which expresses what
supposed, conceived
of,
as
:
he
may
is
imagined,
come, he might come not-
loithstanding III.
of the
The ivill,
Imperative, which as
:
is
used in direct expressions
hear thou, teach thou.
§ 45. Infinitive, Participle,
Gerund and Gerundive.
Supine,
Besides the Modes, the verb has the following forms The Infinitive, which is of an intermediate nature be:
a)
tween the verb and the noun, as re,
I desire
to see thee
:
cupio
te
adspice-
(comp. cupio adspectum
tui,
/
desire a sight of thee) b)
The
which presents the idea of the verb in an adjective, as puer scribens (the boy writing), filia amata (the daughter beloved) ; The Supine in um and u, which presents the idea of Participle,
the form of
c)
:
:
m6,
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB.
47.]
the verb in the form of a
noun
hunt
thing' is
d)
hunting,)
(to
or,
res est
&f
in either the
or Abl. case, as: canes venatum duco, to
:
;
/
Ace.
take the dogs
jucunda auditu^
the
pleasant to hear (in the hearing)
The Gerund, which also presents the idea of the verb under the form of a noun, and indeed, in all the cases, as Nom. scribendum est, ive (one) must ivrite^ Gen. ars scribendi, the art of ivriting, or to ivrite^ Dat.. :
scribendo aptus est^fit for ivriting, or to write^ Ace. with a preposition, inter scribendum^ while loritingy Abl. scribendo exerceor,
/ am
exercised by
(in, etc.)
writing ; e)
The Gerundive
(or Part. Fut.
Pass.),
which presents
an adjective form, precisely as the Gerund presents it in a substantive form, as the idea of the verb in
epistola scribenda est, the letter is to be loritten,
so through
Remark. The finite or definite
all
and
the cases.
Indicative, Subjunctive
and Imperative are
called the
verb, because they always refer to a definite subject;
Ger. and Gerundive, on the contrary, are called the because these forms, on account of their meaning, do not admit of such a reference. the
Inf. Part. Su}3.
indefinite verb,
§
46. Persons
and Numbers of the
Verb.
The verb
has, like the noun, two numbers, Sing, and and three persons both in the Sing, and in the Plur., as /, thou, he (she, it) and lue, you, they, which are expressed by the endings, as: ^cnh-imus, ive write. Plur., :
Remark. Those verbs which are called Impersonal verbs, as
:
are used only in the third person Sing, pluit, it rains, tonat, it thunders.
§47. Conjugation.
Conjugation
is
the inflection of a verb according to
its
The Latin Persons, Numbers, Modes, Tenses and Voice. language has/owr Conjugations, which are distinguished according to the ending of the Inf. as follows
;
;
—
:
—
:
FORMATION OF THE TENSES.
88 I.
Conj.:
II.
"
III.
"
IV.
"
— — — —
are, as: ere,
"
^ire,
"
48.
Characteristic: a
am-are, to love,
"
e
reg-ere, to g-overn,
"
e
aud-ire, to hear.
"
mon-ere,
ere, "
[§
to adjjionish,
i.
In parsing a verbal form, the beginner should accustom himself to observe the following order a) the person, b) the number, c) F.. g. the mode, d) the tense, e) the voice, f) from whot verb, g) the meaning.
Rem.
1.
:
What kind of a verbal form is amdtis^ Aniatis is Sec. Pers. Plur. of the Indie. Pres. Act. from the verb amo, amavi, amatum, amare, to love. Rem. 2. Every verbal form consists of two parts, the stem, which :
is
the ground-form of the verb, remaining unchanged through all its and the inflection-ending which varies to express the
modifications,
number, person, etc. The last letter of the stem is called the characwhich the inflection-endings are joined sometimes with and sometimes without change. In the paradigms of the verbs, the characteristic and inflection-endings are printed in italics. teristic to
Formation of the Tenses.
48.
§
In every verb there are four forms to be observed, from
which, by adding different endings,
all
the remaining forms
are derived, viz. 1) Ind. Pres. I.
II.
III.
Ad.
2) Ind. Perfect Act.
amo moneo
amavi
rego
rexi
monui
IV. audio A.
From
audivi
the
;
4) Infinitive Act.
amatum monitum
amare
rectum auditum
regere
Indicative Present Active
take)
amo
:
m on ere audire.
;
moneo
;
rego, capio
(I
audio, as the stem, are derived
a) Indicative Present Passive
amor; moneor; regor, capior; audior; and from this SubJ. Pres. Pass. : amem ;
:
b) Subjunctive Present Active
moneam ;
3) Supine.
regam, capiam
;
audiam
—amcr;
;
monear;
regcrr,
ca-
piar; audiar; c)
Fut. Active and Passive:
regar
(eris, etc.),
capiar
regam
;
[es, et, etc.),
amabo
audiar;
;
capiam; audiam; mone.bo
;
—amaior;
Xfionebor d) Indicative Imperfect Active
and Passive
6am, capieftam ; aud\ebam;
:
amkbam ; monebam ;
—amabar; mone6ar;
reg^-
regeJar, capieftar
;
audif fear e) Participle
diens
Present Active
:
a mans
;
moncTW ;
regerw, capierw
;
au-
;
§
:
:
FORMATION OF THE TENSES.
48.]
f) Gerundive and Gerund : amarw^iw, amandum dv^, c&piendus
B.
Injiniiive Active
;
mouendv^ ; regen-
aud'iendus,
;
amare
:
89
monere
;
capere
regfire,
;
audire, as stem,
;
are derived: a) Imperative Active
re
;
regere, capere
h) Infinitive
;
mone
;
Subjunct.
rege, cape
;
form with the
in
audire
and amare
audi
and IV. Conj.
II.
Imperf. Act.
:
;
Imperat, ;
mone-
amari, moneri,
:
and Passive : amarewi ; monerem ; regerem,
—amarer; monerer;
From
;
Act
Conj. adds to the stem the ending i; regi, capi;
III.
caperem; audirewi; C.
Infin.
;
Present Pass, of I,
audiri; the c)
ama
:
which agrees
Passive,
amavi
the Perfect Active:
;
regcrer; caperer; audircr.
monui
;
rexi, cepi; audivi, as
a
stem, are derived a) Subjunctive Perfect Active
perim
;
amaverim ; monuerim
:
rexmm,
;
ce-
aud interim;
amaveram; monueram; rexeram, ce-
Pluperfect Active:
h) Indicative
peram; audiveram c)
Future Perfect
d) Infin. Perf. t)
amavero
:
Ad.
:
monuero
;
amavisse
Subjunctive Pluperfect Active
cepmem
;
;
rexero, cepero
monuisse
;
:
;
;
audivero
rexisse, cepisse
;
audivmc ;
;
amavissem ; monuissem ; rerisscm,
audivissem.
D. From the Supine : amatum
;
monitum
;
rectum, captum
;
auditum,
as a stem, are derived a) Partic. Perf. Pass. b)
Part. Fat. Act.
:
:
amatus
amaturus
8#
;
monitus
;
rectus, captus
moniturus
;
recturvs
;
;
;
audi^iw
audi^Mriw.
;
CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB SUm.
90
Verb, sum, fui,
Conjugation of the Auxiliary
§ 49.
[H9.
esse, to be.
This verb is extensively employed in forming the tenses of the verb in Latin, both by furnishing various endings to the stem of the verb, and by being joined to the participle of
Thus e. g. amsiY-istis, you have loved, is composed of the stem amav and estis (you are), amav-eraw, of amav and eram, so by aj^amatus sumy I have loved, etc.
the verb.
:
Subjunctive.
Indicative Present.
su-m,
/
am
si-ra,
/
may be
thou mayest be
es, thou art
sl-s,
es-t, ke, she, it is
Sit, he, she, it
su-inus, es-tis,
we are
sl-mus,
you are
sl-tis,
su-nt, they are
may
we may
you
si-nt, they
be
be
may be may be.
Imperfect. es-sg-ra, I might be
gr-a-m, r7cas gr-a-s, thou wast er-a-t, Ae, she,
it
es-se-s, thou mightest be it might be es-se-nius, we might be es-se-tis, you might be es-se-nt, they might be.
loas
es-se-t, he, she,
er-a-mus, we were er-a-tis,
you were were
er-a-nt, they
Perfect.
/ have been fu-isli, thou hast been fu-Tt, he, she, it has been fii-iinus, we have been fu-istis, you have been fu-erunt (ere), they have been
may
have been mayest have been fii-eri-t, he, she, it may have been] fii-6rT-mus, ?oe may have been fu-6ri-tis, you may have been fu-eri-nt, they may have been. fu-eri-m, /
fu-i,
fu-eri-s, thou
1
Pluperfect.
fu-era-m, / had been fu-era-s, thou hadst been fu-era t, he, she, it had been fu-era-mus, we had been fu-6ra-tTs, you had been fQ-era-nt, they had been
fu-isse-m, [might have been fu-isse-s, thou mightest have been fu-isse-t, he, she, it might have been fu-isse-mus, we might have been fu-isse-lTs, you might have been fu-isse-nt, they might have been.
^
:
CONJUGATION OP THE AUXILIARY VERB
H9.1
mm.
91
Future Indicative.*
we shall
gr-I-miis,
6r-b, / shall be 6r-i-s, thou wilt be
be
you will be
6r-i-tTs,
6r-u-nt, they will be.
er-i-t, he, she, it will be
Future Perfect Indicative.*
we
fu-eri-mus,
fu-ero, / shall have been fu-eri-s, thou wilt have been fu-6ri-t, he, she, it will have been
fu-eri-tis,
you
shall have been will have been
fu-eri-nt, they tcilL have been.
Imperative. 2. gs, be
2.
es te, he ye
2.
2.
es-tote,
3.
thou es-to, thou shouldest be es-to, he should be
you should be su-nto, they should be.
3.
Infinitive. esse, to be fuisse, to have been esse, to will he, (that something) will be. futurus, a, first of these forms is not used in English.
Present Perfect
um
Future
The
Participle.
only: absent, absent, from
Present
sum Future *
The
= praesto sum.
futurus, a, Subj. of the
ttiswrre ;
um, one who (what)
Fut
ia
wanting.
^x^esens, -present, ^rompraes
toill, is
See Rem.
about to be, a\30,future.
1 to the
following table of paradigms.
Rem. 1. In the compound pro-sum (I benefit), in all the forms where pro-d-esse, a vowel follows pro, d is introduced between them, as pro-d-es, pro-d-est, pro-d-eram, pro-d-ero, pro-d-essem. Rem. 2. Besides the above-mentioned forms, two others occur, viz. forem (fores, foret, etc.), I would 6e, and the corresponding Infin. ybre in:
stead
offuturum
XL IX. Absum,
esse.
Words
abfdi,
to be
learned
abesse, prosum,
and
Exercises for translation.
profiii,
prod-
foris, adv. without.
I am absent, removed esse, / am useful, heri, adv. yesterday. from, heneft, (see Rem. 1). longe, adv. far. adsum, affui, adesse, concilio 1. / unite. peregre, adv. abroad. I am present. fera, ae,/. wild beast. quamdiu, adv. and conj. intersum, fui, esse, (c. ])ngna, (ie,f fght, battle. how long; so [as) dat.) to be in, present arma, orum, n. arms. long as. at (something).
praesum, before,
attend
oratio, oiiis,
fui, esse,
preside
speech, ubi, adv. where.
/.
discourse.
over, mag'istrams, us,
dum, conj. while. m.mx^- msi, conj. unless.
istrate, magistrcLcy.
to.
Deus omnibus silium domi.
lam
locis adest.
Contemnuutiir
quutri, conj. when, as,
Parvi pretii sunt foris arma, nisi est conii,
qui nee
sibi,
nee
altSri
prosunt
Ut
THE AUXILIARY VEEB 5Wm.
92 magistratibus leges,
populo praesunt magistratus.
ita
neque
conciliant inter se homines,
Ego
ferarum.
sum, tu
laetus
[H9. Ratio et oratio
absiimus a natiira
ulla re longlus
Si sorte vestra contenti estis,
tristris es.
beati estis.
Dum
ego, tu et amicus in schola erdmuSy sorores nostrae in horto
Quum
erant.
Quamdiu tuus
Quamdiu
erat.
tristis
domi nostrae domi nostrae erdtis,
tu et Carolus heri
tu et frater tuus
tu laetus eras, sed frater
ego
et pater aberdtis,
tu
ego peregre eram.
erdlis^
et frater tristes
erdmus.
Cur
Quia cum patre peregre fui. QuamSex menses abfuimus. Cur milpugnae non interfuerunt ? Quia longius abfuerunt. Ubi quum domi tuae eram ?
ites
nostri
heri fueras, I
am
was
abfuistis ?
and thou
to
Wherefore are you sad ? We While lot, thou art happy.
me.
If thou art contented with thy
in the school,
?
my
sister
was abroad. because we were
wast at home, yesterday
fuisti ?
domo
useful to thee,
are joyful. I
non
heri in schola
diu tu et pater tuus
I
was
iii
Why (perf.)
As yesterday thou
the garden.
were (perf you not )
How long
abroad.
in the school
hast thou been
Ten months (ace.) have 1 been absent (abl.) home? Where had you been yesterday, as we were in your house ? While we and you were in the school, our sisters were in the garden. While you and Charles were in Our house yesterday, we were abroad.
absent from
Words
L.
to be
Desum, defui, deesse, I am wanting. obsum,
1.
session
of
Exercises for translation. gen- antea, adv.
no-body^ nuper, adv.
(Inis),
no one.
/ take pos- aegrotus, avarus,
seize.
before.
postea, adv. afterwards,
eraiion.
against^ injure.
occupo
and
aetas, atis, /. age^
am nemo
/
fui, esse,
learned
lately.
repente, adv. suddenly. a,
a,
um, um,
propterea, adv. for this
sick.
avari-
reason.
—
periculum, i, n. danger. [ble. quoeo (with compacious. praedium, i, n./arwi. tive), the so much invictus, a, um, tnmTiciadolescens, tis, m. atrox, ocis, the. terriblCf
young man,
Quamdiu laetitia
Pugna
yoxdh.
quum Ante
Tota
civltas in
omnium animos
summa
occupat.
propterea quod utriusqne exercitus milites forbelli initium
multi oratores magni
post6a defuerunt
erunt amici.
repente ingens terror
fuit atiocissima,
tissimi fufirauL
aetate
bloody.
felix eris, multi tibi
fuerat,
—
Ante
tres
et
in urbe fueramus.
clari
fuerunt, et
annos apud amicum
iHiper per duo menses fueratis.
Haec
res
non
Demosthenis
antea fuerant, nee fui, in
cujus praedio
profuit nobis, sed ob-
§
THE AUXILIARY VERB SUm,
49.]
Quo minus
fuit.
sorte
mea
compos
mortem
semper
Qualis in alios
minora studia
Quamdiu
erit.
fueris, tales hi in te
etiam post
virtutis studios! fuerimus,
beati erimus.
as you shall be fortunate, you will not
So long
My
upright always benefit the upright. injured me, but benefited
So long
men
erat poetis, eo
semper beatus
erit,
contentus ero, felix ero.
Si in hac vita
erunt.
Romanos
honoris apud
Si quis virtutis
fuerunt.
93
we
as
shall
If
men
will
want
The
friends.
enemies (immicus) have not
be virtuous, they will be happy.
be contented with our
lot,
we
shall
be happy.
If
always shall haye been virtuous, the reward of virtue will not
them.
fail
Rule of Syntax. In questions, to which the asker expects an answer by yes or no, the interrogative particle ne is attached to the word upon which the emphasis of the question is placed, as: Fuistine heri in schola
wast thou in school yesterday
?
Erasne sapiens
quum
heri
quum pauper
erit?
in schola,
erit,
Unusne, an plures sunt mundi grotusne fuisti?
nuper bus
?
domi tuae eram
Non Cur
?
?
Eram.
Laetusne, an
erit.
heri in schola
non
Deeritue
tibi
hominum
laus, si
es?
Ae-
fuisti ?
Non, sed quia cum patre peregre eram.
in horto nostro ?
Miserne tristis
Fuerasne
semper pro-
fueris ?
Were you
in school, as*
we were
at
wl\ich he
was (perf
dangers.
Aristides
)
a young man.
[as]
was
Yes
your house yesterday ?
(= we were). Will the wise be unhappy, (= they will not be). No one of (gen.) us
if
they shall be poor
No
?
same in old-age, Pelopidas was in (perf all is
the very
)
in (perf) the battle
of Salamis (pugna Salami-
Poets not merely delight, but also benefit us.
ma).
Yesterday
I
was
(perf) at thy house, but thou wast abroad.
avaricious in the abundance of
all
thy father and thy mother have benefited us
much
The Thou,
things, will be very poor.
(multum).
We,
were very joyful yesterday, as we were at your house. Were you yesterday abroad, as I was at your house ? Yes (= we were). While my brother was in the garden, I was in the
you and your
Were our
school.
We
it).
Our
sister
soldiers in
were (perf) not
the battle?
home
we
shall
No
(:= they were not in
yesterday, but abroad.
soul after death will be immortal.
tented with our fortune, *
at
So long as we
be happy.
shall
be con-
Where had you been
For the reason of using as in this and many other places in these exerwhere when would seem to be required, see Synt. § 110, 1, 1.— Tr.
cises,
—
THE AUXILIARY VERB SUm.
94 yesterday, as T
was
your house
at
We
?
(= there
The more modest thou
friends.
agreeable thou wilt be to men.
shalt be, so
49.
So long
had been abroad.
as thou hadst been fortunate, thou hadst had
many
\k
were
much
to thee)
more
the
If I shall benefit others, they [also]
will benefit me.
As fit
have been to
(qualis) I shall
will be to
me.
If
we
If thou, in this
us.
(in
with ace.) others, so
have benefited others, they
shall life,
have zealously pursued
shalt
(talis)
they
bene-
[also] will
thou
virtue,
shalt also, after death, be happy.
Words
LI.
I
to be
Cogito upon. dubito 1. I doubt. pondero I. I weigh,con1,
think, reflect
c. dat.
intelll»f0
2.
rant
Exercises for translation. igno- attentus,
urn,
a,
non sum ne/ know per-
;
scius,
ftdly
I foresee;
um,
a,
praeteritus, a,
um,pa»^
eras, adv. to-morrow.
3.
/ run
tis,
/.
state
of plane, adv. wholly. quidem, not inne deed, not even.
come.
turn, then.
non solum
victor, oris, m. conquer-
/ do not know.
little.
adv. previously.
—
mind.
over.
Rule of Syntax. sentence
\n'\\\s,
vectigal, alis, n. tax, in-
Bcio 4. / know. 4.
gality.
/ under-
3.
atten-
live.
well.
mens,
look out for.
stand.
nescio
and
parsiniouia, ae, /. fru- parutn, adv, too
sider.
provideo
repeto
learned nescius,
—
sed etiam,
not merely, hut also.
or.
In questions which
depend upon a foregoing always used, as: Narra
[indirect questions), the subjunctive* is
—
In indirect questions mihi, uh'xfueris, relate to me, where thou hast been. the enclitic ne is translated by whether, as: Dubito, laetusne sis, I doubt,
whether thou art joyful.
Non sum
nescius,
semper futiir us
sis.
qua mente tu
Non eram
et prius in
nescius,
nos fueris,
qua mente
tu
et
nunc
sis,
et prius in
et
nos
semper futurus esses. Qualis sit animus, ipse Deus non est nescius, qua mente quisque sit. CogUa, quantum nobis exempla bona prosint. Prae gaudio, ubi sim, nescio. Non intelVigunt homines, quam magnum vectigal sit parsimonia. Non, quantum quisque prosit, sed quanti pretii quisque sit, pondera. Quo
fuisses, et turn esses, et
animus
nescit.
quisque an'imo futurus
Saepe ne
utile
sit,
quidem
valetudo quamdlu affutura esselis, et
ubi fuissetis.
futuri simus.
Incertus eram, profuturusne
nescio.
est
scire,
quid futurum
sint,
incertum
JVdrro
tibi,
et
ubi
sit.
tibi essem.
Pecunia, honores,
Incertus eram, et ubi
est.
her fuerimus, et ubi eras
Dubitamus, fuerinine milites nostri
i
in piigna
laude digni.
* As the subjunctive form is not so extensively used in English as in Latin, the Subj. must often be translated into English by the forms of the Tr. Indie, as will be seen in the following examples.
!
$
THE AUXILIARY VERB SUm.
49.]
95
pugna
Diibium
erat^
civesne nostri, an hostes in
Dubium
eraty
profuissetne Alcibiades patriae suae, an ob/uisset.
What
ilia
victores faisaent,
we know but what will is and yesterday was (perf we know not. How long we shall be in this life, is unknew perfectly well, both of what state of mind towards us
to-day
),
;
be to-tnorrow, certain.
I
(=
you then were, and had been previously, and always would be about to
be).
the state, both ceitain,
I rejoice,
when
now and
before,
I think,
and
how much you have
still
will benefit
[it].
were
benefited It
was un-
where the enemies were and had been, and where they would
be.
Adestote omnes animis, qui adestis corporibus cipuli
!
Homines mortis memores
sunto.
!
Attenti este, dis-
Contenti estote sorte vestra
Parum provident multi tempori futuro, sed plane in diem vivunt Vir prudens non solum praesentia curat, sed etiam praeterita mente repetit et futura ex praeteritis provldet. Scholars, not merely with (abl.) the
mind
(plur.),
body
should be in the school.
(plur.),
Man
but also with the
should be mindful of
death.
In school, you should be attentive,
contented with
(abl.)
precepts of virtue.
thy lot!
Men
O
scholars
!
Thou
shouldest be
should always be mindful of the
ACTIVE OP THE FOUR EEGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
96
[^50.
AC
§50.
Of the four re^lar The
Preliminary Remark. 1.
A mo,
dwi,
amd<«m, amdre.
Characteristic
Indicative. I.
:
following paradigms need not II.
be
Mon^o, monwi, xnonUum^ monere.
a long.
Characteristic
Subjunctive.
all
Present.
:
e long.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Present.
I.
admonish moncdwi, I may ad, amd-s, thou lovest ame-5, thou mayest moncsjtiiou admon- moncd5, thou maylove est admonish ishest
amo,
ame-m,
I love
I
may
love
amd-f, he, she, it am^-f, he, she, it loves may love amd-7nM5, we love ame-ww5, we may love amd-it5, you love amc-tw, you may love ama-n<, they love ame-nf, they may
I
moncf, he, she,
it
admonishes
moncdf, he, she,
monemws, we monish you monish
ad-
moncnf,
ad- monewnf, they
monc^i^,
they
ad-
it
may admonish monedmws, we may admonish monedtis^ you may admonish
monish
love. II.
monco,
may
admonish.
Imperfect.
II. Imperfect.
amd-idTO, I loved, amd-rcm, f might monc6flm, I admon- monercrw, I might was loving admonish ished, was ad. love amd bdSy thou lov- amd-rc5, thou mone^as, thou ad- mo«erc5, thou edst, wast loving mightest ad. monishedst, was a. mightest love amd-//df, he, she, it amd-7-e<, he, she, raone6«f, he, she, it monercf, he, she, it loved, was loving might admonish might love admonished, was a.
amd-6dwm5, we lov- amd-rcTnit^, we ed, were loving might love a.md-batis^ you lov- dimd-retls^ you ed, were loving might love amd-^anf, they lov- amd-renf, they ed, were loving might love. III.
Future {Indicative).
amd-fco, I shall love amd-ii5, thou wilt love amd-65^f, he, she, it will love amd-iir/m5, we shall love dLind-hltis^ you will love amd-6M7it, they will love.
IV. Perfect.
*
xtionehdmtLS^
we
ad-
monished,were a. xnonebdtis^
you
ad-
monercmw5, we might admonish monerc<^s, you might admonish
monished, were a. xwonebanty they ad- monercni, they might admonish. monished.were a. III.
Future (Indicative).
^
monefco, I shall amonish monebis^ thou wilt admonish vaonebit^ he, she, it will admonish
monebXmus, we
shall
admonish
will admonish monebunt., they will admonish. monebltis.,
you
IV. Perfect.
amd-ut, I have lov- amd-(r^)r?m, I may monui, I have ad- mouMerm, I may have admonished ed monished have loved a,md-{vi)stl, thou amd-(we)ri5, thou rxionuisli^ thou hast monueris^ thou mayest have ad. hast loved admonished mayest have 1. amd-w<, he, she, it amd-(re)ri«,he,she, montiif, he, she, it monucrif, he, she, it may have ad. has loved admonished i' may have 1. has amd-t>lmw5, we amd-(re)r?mw5, we monMi7nM5,we have monMcrim«5, we may have ad. have loved may have loved admonished monuerUis^ you amd-(»i)sft5, you amd-(»c)r?f?5, you vdonuistis^ you may have ad. have loved may have loved have admonished monMC7m<, they dimd-{v€)runt{vtre)^ amd-(?5g)7m<, they vcyoxiuerunt (ere), may have ad. they have loved may have loved. they have ad.
ACTIVE OF THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
$50.1
97
TIVE. Conjugations. learned at once but in the order of the exercises which follow.
Rego,
ill.
:
Indicative.
Present.
I.
:
she,
Subjunctive.
I hear aud^am, I may hear mayest aud?5, thou hearest aud?a5, thou may-
it
regdt,
est hear
she,
he,
governs. may govern regimus, we govern regdmus, we
it
audW, he, she,
may
hears a-udimuSj
may
Siuditis,
it
may we hear
you govern
regdtis,
he, she,
a.adidt,
it
hear
audtaww5, we may
govern
hear
you
govern regunt, they govern regant, they
you hear
SLudMtis,
you may
hear
may
govern. II.
long.
Present.
I.
regis, thou govern- rega5, thou est govern
regitis,
i
regam,! maygovern aud?o,
regOj I govern
he,
audi??i, audifwrn, audire.
Characteristic
e short.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
reg^^,
IV. Audio,
rexi, rectum, regere.
Characteristic
emdtunt, they hear SLudiant, they hear.
may
II. Imperfect,
Imperfect.
govern- regerem, I might diudiebam, I heard audircm, 1 might was hearing hear ed, was gov. govern thou regebas, thou gov- regeres^ihou might- audie6a5,thou heard Audires, est, wast hearing mighesthear miffhe ernedst, wast g. est govern
legebam,
I
,
regebaty he, she,
it
regeret, he, she,
it
was
III.
audiei, he, she, it will hear aud«C7ftM5, we shall hear a.adietis, you will hear audien^, they will hear.
IV. Perfect.
rexerit, he, she,
it
audiri, .(aud?i)
you have
governed
xexeritis,
you may
have governed
Texerunt (ere), they vexerint, they
have governed
may
have governed.
1
have heard Siudi(vi)sti, thou hast heard audivit,
he, she,
has governed may have gov. has heard rexhnus, we have rexertmus, we may a.adivimus, we governed have governed have heard lexistis,
you
might hear audirent, they might hear.
Future (Indicative).^
IV. Perfect.
it
audiretis,
they
aud?am, I shall hear audie^, thou wilt hear
have govern rexen'm, 1 may ed have governed xexisti, thou hast rexeris, thou may governed est have govern she,
might hear
heard, were h.
Future (Indicative).^
we
SLudlremus,
heard, were h. diudiebant,
it
might hear
you
a.ndiebdtis,
text, 1
he,
audircf, he, she,
heard, were h.
regam, I shall govern regc5, thou wilt govern regef, he, she, it will govern regemus, we shall govern regetis, you will govern regent, they will govern.
rexity
it
h.
we
dindiebdmus.,
erned, were gov. migiit govern vegebdtis, you gov- regeretis, you erned, were gov. might govern regebant, they gov- regerentj they erned, were gov. might govern. III.
viudiebat, he, she,
heard,
governed, was g. might govern regebdmus, we gov- regeremus, we
a.udi(vi)stis,
you
a,udi(v)erim, I
may
have heard 3.\3di(v)eris, thou mayest have h. it
a,udi{v)erit, he, she, it
may have
h.
we may have heard
a.udi(v)erimus, diVidi(v)eritis,
you
have heard may have heard audi (v) erunt (ere), a.udi(v)erintj they they have heard may have heard.
ACTIVE OF THE FOUR llEGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
98
I.
Amo,
dLinavi,
amatum^ amare.
Characteristic
Characteristic
lUBJUNCTIVE.
Indicj
Moneo, monui, monitum, monere.
II.
a long.
:
U50.
:
e long.
Subjunctive.
Indicative:
V. Pluperfect. monwgram, I had monuissem^ I might had a.md-(vi)ssem, I admonished might have loved have admonished a.md-(ve)rdSy thou a.md-{vi)sses, thou monwcm*, thou monuisseSy thou hadst admonished hadst loved mightest have 1. mightest have ad. aina-(?;e)raf,he,she, araa-(w)ssc<,he,she, monuerat, he, she, monulsset, he, she, it had loved it had admonish. it might have ad. it might have 1. dimd-{ve) ramus, we a.md-(vi)ssemus, we tnonuerdmus, we monuissemus, we had loved had admonished might have ad. might have loved V. Pluperfect.
ama-(t?e)rdm, loved
I
you monuerdtis, you had admonished might have loved simd-(ve)rant, they amd-{vi)ssent, they monuerant, they had admonished had loved might have loved.
you
a.md-{ve)rdtiSj
a.md-{vi)ssetis,
monuissetis,
had loved
VI. Future Perfect.^ amd-(c^)rd, I shall have loved a.md-(ve)ris, thou wilt have loved a.md-(ve)rU, he, she, it will have loved a.md-{vg)rimus, we shall have loved a.md-{ve)rUis, you will have loved dimd-lvi)rint, they will have loved.
you
might have monuisscnt,
might have
ad.
they ad.
VI. Future Perfect.^
monuero,
have admonished
I shall
monueris, thou wilt have admonished mouuerit, he, she, it will have admon.
monuenmws, we shall have admonished monueritis, you will have admonished monuerint, they will have admonished. Imperative.
Imperative.
amd, love thou
mone, admonish thou
amd-io, thou shouldest love VLind-to, he, she, it should love amd-fe, love ye a.md-t6te, you should love a.md-ntOy they should love.
monefo, thou shouldest admonish moneto, he, she, it should admonish moncfc, admonish ye monetote, you should admonish monento, they should admonish. Supine.
Supine. 1) a.md-tum, in order to love 2) amd-iw, to love, be loved.
1)
moh^^Mm,
2)
momtu,
Infinitive.
amd-re, to love
Perf
amd-(vi)sse, to have loved Peif. Simd-turus, a, um, esse, to will Fut.
Pres.
love,* (that one) will love. Participle,
Pres. Fut.
ama-ns, loving dimd-turus,
a,
um,
monens, admonishing moniturus, a, urn, intending, wishing, about to admonish.
Gerund.
Gerund, Norn. dima-ndum est, one (we) must Gen. s.ma-ndi, of loving, or to love axna-ndo, to loving, or to love Dat. Ace. ama-ndum (e. g. arf), loving dima-ndo, by loving.
monere, to admonish monuisse, to have admonished moniturvs, a, um, esse, to will admonish, (that one) will ad. Participle.
Pres. intending, Fut.
wishing, about to love.
Abl.
admonish
admonish, be admon.
Infinitive.
Pres. Fut.
in order to
to
1.
N. monendum est, one (we) must ad. G. monendi, of admonishing, or to ad. D. moncnrfo, to admonishing, or to ad. A. monendum (e. g. ad), admonishing A. mone7tdo, by admonishing.
amaturus, moniturus* ') The Subjunctive Future is expressed periphrastically rectutus, auditurus (a, um) sim, sis, etc., I will love, thou wilt love, etc., or amaturus, etc., essem, / wjomW ^oce. ') Also the Future Perfect has no Subjunctive. :
ACTIVE OF THE FOUR REGULAL CONJUGATIONS.
§50.1
IV. Audio, audiri, audtfwm, audtre.
Rego, rexi, rectum, regere.
lil.
Characteristic
:
Characteristic
e short.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
i
long.
V. Pluperfect.
rexeram, I had rexissem, I might audi(r)gram, I had have governed governed heard rexeras, thou hadst rexisses, thou dindi{v)eras, thou mightest have g. governed hadst heard rexisset, he, she,
it
:
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
V. Pluperfect.
Texerat, he, she,
99
it
di\xdi{vi)ssem,
might have
I h.
thou mightest have h.
diVidi{vi)sses,
audi(c)era«, he,she, audi(?;i)55ef,he,she,
had governed might have gov. it had heard it might have h. rexerdrnus, we had rexissemus we audi (?5)erdmu5, we dMAi(vi)sse,mus, we governed might have gov. had heard might have h. rexerdtis, you had vexissetis, you a.\x(ii{v)erdtisy you dMdii{vi)ssetis, you governed might have gov. had heard might have h, rexerant, they had rexissent, they audi(»)cr«ni, they dMdi{vi)ssent, they governed might have gov. might have h. had heard ,
j
VI. Future Perfect.^ rexero, I shall have governed rexeris, thou wilt have governed rexerit, he, she, it will have governed lexerijnus, we shall have governed rexerttus, you will have governed rexerint, they will have governed.
VI. Future Perfect.^ audi(r) cro, I shall have heard
thou wilt have heard have heard aindilv)erimus, we shall have heard a.udi,{v)critis, you will have heard di\idi{v)erint, they will have heard.
?i[xdi{v)eris,
a.vidilv)erit, he, she, it will
Imperative.^ rege, govern thou regito, thou shouldest govern regito, he, she, it should govern regite,
govern ye
regitote,
Imperative.
audt, hear thou andito, thou shouldst hear diudito, he, she,
audi^e, hear
you should govern
reguntOj they should govern.
diuditote, Sixidiunto,
they should hear. Supine.
rectum, in order to govern 2) rec^M, to govern, be governed.
1) diuditum, in order to hear 2) audt^M, to hear, be heard.
1)
Injinitive.
regere, to govern
have governed
Perf.
rexisse, to
Fut.
recturus, a, um esse, to will govern,* (that one) will gov.
Pres,
regens, governing rccturus, a, um, intending,
Injinitive.
Pres.
audtre, to hear
Perf. Fut.
aiudi{vi)sse, to
Pres. Fut.
audicn*, hearing
Participle.
wishing, about to govern.
um, intending, wishing, about to hear.
Siuditurus, a,
Gerund. N. regendum est, one (we) must gov. G. regendi, of governing, or to govern D. regendo, to governing, or to govern A. regendum (e. g. ad), governing A. regendo, by governing.
have heard
um
diuditurus, a, esse, to will hear,* (that one) will hear.
Participle.
Fut.
should hear
you should hear
Supine.
Pres.
it
ye
Gerund.
N. G. D. A. A.
SLadiendum est, one (we) must hear audicndi, of hearing, or to hear a.\idiendo, to hearing, or to hear ?iudiendum (e. g. ad), hearing. R\xdiendo,
by hearing.
These four imperatives without e are to be noted die, duc,fac,fer, from: di *) The English language has no Infin. Future (to wil CO, duco, facio, fero. love) but uses in its stead the Inf. Present.
^)
:
PASSIVE OP THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
100
§ 51.
[^51.
PAS
II.
I.
amor,
1
am
Present.
loved
amer, 1 loved
Present.
I.
may
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
be
monger, 1 am ad- monear, 1 may be admonished monished moneris, thou art monSdris{e), ihou mayest be ad, admonished monefwr, he, she, monea^wr, he, she, it may be ad. it is admonished
amari5, thou art amcr?5(c), thou mayest be loved loved ama^wr, he, she, it amcfiir, he, she, it may be loved is loved amamiir, we are amc7ri'ur, w^e may monemwr, we admonished be loved loved
are
moneamwr, we may be admonished monSdmini^ you may be admon.
amem?nl, you may moncmmi, you are admonished be loved aman^wr, they are amcwiwr, they may monentur^ they are monSayitur, they may be admon. be loved. admonished loved
amammt, you
are
loved
II.
II. Imperfect.
Imperfect.
was
might be mone^ar, I was admonished loved mone:bdris(e), thou a.mdbdris (e), thou dimdreris(e) thou mightest be 1. wast loved wast admonished a.mabdtur, he, she, a.mdretur, he, she, monebdtur^ he, she, it might be loved it was loved it was admon. amdremwr, we dLvadbdmur^ we mone^amwr, we might be loved were loved were admonished amarcminl, you a.mdbdminl, you monebdmini, you might be loved were loved were admonished amdrentur., ihey a.mdbantur, they monebantur, they might be loved. were loved were admonished ama/yar, 1
amarer, loved
I
III. Future.
monerer, 1 might be admonished moncreri5(e), thou mightest be ad. moneretur, he, she, it might be ad.
moneremMr, we might be ad. moneremmi, you might be ad. monerentur, they might be ad.
III. Future,
monebor,
amaftor, I shall be loved dimdberls (e), thou wilt be loved a.mdbUur, he, she, it will be loved a.mdblmur, we shall be loved ama/nm?7ti, you will be loved dimdbuntur, they will be loved.
I shall
be admonished
moneieris(e), thou wilt be admonished monebltur^ he, she, it will be admon. monebimur, we shall be admonished monebimini^ you will be admonished monebuntur^ they will be admonished
IV. Perfect. a) Indicative.
sum, 1 have been loved es, thou hast been loved um est, he, she, it has been loved amati, sumus, we have been loved ae. estis, you have been loved sunt, they have been loved.
amatiis, a,
monitus. sum, I have been admonished es, thou hast been admonished a, um est, he, she, it has been ad.
momti, sumus, we have been admon estis, you have been admon. ae. sunt, they have been admon.
b) Subjunctive.
amatus, sim, I may have been loved monitus, sim, I may have been admon a, sis, thou mayest have been 1. sis, thou mayest have been ad a, um sU,he, she, it may have been 1, um si7,he,she, it may have been a amati, simiis, we may have been 1. moniti, simus, we may have been ad. ae,
sUis,
a
sint,
you may have been they
may have been
1. 1.
ae.
sitis,
sint,
you may have been may have been
they
ad. ad.
PASSIVE OF THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
^51.]
101
SIVE. IV.
III.
Present.
I.
regor, I
am govern-
regar,
1.
I
may
regem,
thou governed
art regdris(e)^
thou
Present.
am
heard aud^ar, I may be heard audtW^, thou art 3.udidris(e) thou heard mayest be heard
be audeor,
governed
ed
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
1
rnayest be gov. regitur^ he, she, it regdtur, he, she, it audt^wr, he, she, it is governed is heard may be governed regimur, we are regdmur^ we may aud? mwr, we are heard governed be governed xegiraini^ you are regdmini, you may a.ndi7nini, you are heard governed be governed reguntury they are regantur, they may a,udiuntur, they are heard governed be governed.
was gov-
erned
it
may
he,
she,
be heard
audittT/mr,
we may
be heard a.adidmini,
you
may
be heard audianiwr, they may be heard.
II. Imperfect.
II. Imperfect.
regebar, I
audiaiwr,
might be governed
regerer, I
diudiehar,
1
was
audircr, I might be
heard
thou vegereris(e)^ thou s.udiebdris(e), thou wast governed mightest be gov. wast heard
xege,bdris{e),
heard thou mightest be heard
audi;rer?!5(e),
xegebdtur^ he, she, vegeretur, he, she, a.ndiebdtiir, he, she, audtre/wr, he, she, it was governed it might be gov. it was heard it might be heard regebdmur^we were vegeremvr, we di\idiebdmur^ we audircTOMr, we governed might be gov. were heard might be heard regebdmlni^ you xegerernini^ you a.udiebd7ninij you SLudiremini, you were governed might be gov. were heard might be heard regebantur^ they regSrentur, they Siudiebantur, they diudirentur, they were governed might be gov. might be heard. were heard III.
Future,
III.
regdr, I shall be governed regerls{e), thou wilt be governed regetur, he, she, ii will be governed regemur^ we shall be governed rege/n?n.i, you will be governed regentur, they will be governed.
Future.
aud^ar, I shall be heard audien5(c), thou wilt be heard a.udietur, he, she, it will be heard a.\jdiemur, we shall be heard audjemmi, you will be heard audicnfwr, they will be heard.
IV. Perfect. a) Indicative.
rectus, a,
um recti,
ae.
sum, I have been governed auditus, sum, I have been heard es, thou hast been governed a, es, thou hast been heard est^ he, she, it has been govern'd um est, he, she, it has been heard sumus, we have been govern'd auditi, sumus, we have been heard estis, you have been governed ae, estis, you have been heard sunt, they have been governed sunt, they have been heard. b) Subjunctive.
rectus, a,
um recti,
ae.
sim,
1
may have been govern'd
may have been heard thou mayest have been h. sit, he, she, it may have been h. simus, we may have been h. sitis, you may have been h. sint, they may have been h.
auditus, sim, 1
a, thou mayest have been g. sit, he, she, it may have been g. um simns, we may have been g. auditi, sitis, you may have been g. ae, sint, tliey may have been g. a sis,
sis,
PASSIVE OF THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
102
[551.
V. Pluperfect. a) Indicative.
had been loved monitus, eram, I had been admonished eras, thou hadst been ad, Iras^ thou hadst been loved a, um erat, he, she, it had been ad. irat^ he, she, it had been loved moniti, eramus, we had been ad. erdmuSy we had been loved ae, eratis, you had been ad. erdtis, you had been loved erantj they had been ad. a Srant, they had been loved.
amatus, eram^ a,
um amati, ae,
a
I
b) Subjunctive.
amatus, essem, I might have been loved monitus. essem, 1 might have been ad. esses, thou mightesthave been esses, thou mightest have been admonished loved she, it, might have been loved essemus, we might have been esset, he,
amati,
loved
you might have been 1. they might have been 1.
ae,
essetis,
a
essent,
amatus. ero,
I shall
it might have been admonished moniti, essemus, we might have been admonished essetis,y ovi might have been ad. ae, a essent,\hey might have been ad.
esset, he, she,
VI. Future Perfect, {Indicative). monitus, ero, I shall have been admonhave been loved ished
thou
eris,
wilt
have
been
eris,
ertt,
amati,
he, she,
it
will
have been
erit,
he, she,
it
will have
been
admonished
loved erimus, loved erlils,
thou wilt have been ad-
monished
loved
we
shall
you
will
loved erunt, they will
have been
moniti,
have been have
been
we shall have been admonished eritis, you will have been admonished erunt, they will have been aderimus,
monished.
loved.
Imperative.
Imperative.
amare, be thou loved ama^or, thou shouldest be loved a.mdtdr, he, she, it should be loved amawitrat, be ye loved amamtftor, you should be loved dimantdr, they should be loved.
monerg, be thou admonished monetor, thou shouldst be admonished monetor, he, she, it should be adra'd monemini, be ye admonished moneminor, you should be admonished monentor, they should be admonished. Infinitive.
Infinitive.
Pres. amdrl, to be loved Pres. Perf. a.mdtus, a, um esse, to have been Perf
monen, to be admonished monUus, a, um esse, to have been
admonished
loved Fut. dimdtum irl,^ to will be loved, (that one) will be loved.
Fut, monUum iri,^ to will be admonished, (that one) will be admonished.
Participle.
Participle.
Perf. a.mdtus, a, um, loved Perf. monitus, a, um, admonished Fut. umandus, a, um, what should be Fut. monendus, a, um, what should be loved. admonished.
*)
amatum, monitum, rectum, auditum
are Supines
and hence cannot be de-
PASSIVE OF THE FOUR REQUL^AR CONJUGATIONS.
$51.]
103
V. Pluperfect.
1
a) Indicative.
|
auditus. eram, I had been heard rectus, eram, I had been governed eras, thou hadst been heard eras, thou hadst been governed a. a, erat, he, she, it had been g. erat, he, she, it had been heard
um
um
recti,
we had been governed you had been governed they had been governed
eramus,
ae,
eratis,
a
erant,
auditi.
we had been heard
eramus,
ae.
eratis,
a
erant,
you had been heard they had been heard.
b) Subjunctive.
|
might have been g. auditus, essem, 1 might have been heard esses, thou mighlest have been esses, thou mightest have been a, heard governed esstt, he, she, it might have um esset, he, she, it might have been heard been governed essemus, we might have been auditi. essemus, we might have been governed heard essetis, you might have been g. essetis, you might have been h. ae. C55e7ii, they might have beeng. essent, they might have been h. a
rectus, essem, I a,
um recti,
ae,
a
VI. Future Perfect^ {Indicative). rectus, ero, 1
shall
have been gov- auditus,
erned thou wilt have been governed
a,
eris,
um
erit,
he, she,
it
have been
will
eris,
thou wilt have been heard
um
erit,
he, she,
we
erimus,
a
eritis,
you
shall
will
have been
we
shall
have been
have been
heard
will
erned erunt, they governed.
have been gov-
ae,
you
eritis,
will
have
been
heard will
have been
Imperative, reg^re, be thou governed regifor, thou shouldst be governed regttor, he, she, it should be governed
reglvdni, be ye governed regl minor, you should be governed reguntor, they should be governed.
a
they
ermit,
will
have been
heard. Imperative.
i
audtre, be thou heard auditor, thou shouldst be heard auditor, he, she, it should be heard a-udimini, be ye heard SLuduainor, you should be heard a.ndiuntor, they should be heard.
Infinitive.
Pres. regi, to be Perf. rectus, a,
it
heard auditi. erimus,
governed ae,
have been heard
a.
governed recti.
\
ero, I shall
Infinitive.
governed
um
Pres. audtri, to be heard esse, to have been Perf dLudUus, a, um esse, to have been
heard governed. Fut. unditum iri,^ to will be heard. (that one) will be heard. (that one) will be governed.
governed Fut rectum
iri,^
to will be
Participle.
Perf. rectus, a, um, governed Fut. regendus, a, um, what should be go verned.
clined.
Participle.
Perf. VLudltus, a,
Fut.
um
a.xidiendus, a,
heard
um, what should
be he ard.
That the English language has no
Inf. Fut.
has already been stated.
t
104
W
VfiRBS IN
§ 52. Inflection
ACTIVE,
OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION.
[k62.
of verbs in To of the Third Conjugation.
Infill,
PASSIVE,
capere, to take.
Infiii. capi. |
Suhjunct.
Indicative. *2
cap-i-o
cap-i-am cap-i-or
cap-?s, cop-ii
cap-i-as
cap-imus, capitis
1
cap-eris,
cap-i-ar
cap-Uur
cap-I-aris
cap-lmur, cap-imlni
etc.
etc.
cap-i-untur.
cap-r-unt.
cap-i-ebam
S
Subjunct.
Indicative.
cap-erem cap-i-ebar
cap-erer
1—
s
cap-i-am,
cap-i-ar, -i-eris, etc.
-i-es, etc.
cap-e, cap-ito, cap-Ue, cap-Uote,
cap-ere, cap-itor, cap-imini,
cap-iminor, cap-i-untor.
cap-i-unto.
s
Perf. cap-tus, Fut. cap- i-endus
Pres, cap-i-ens, Fut. cap-turus
Supine: cop-fwm,
Words
LII. Decerto
1.
/
elaboro
1.
{in c.
to be
abl.)
/ labor (zealously). / blow, wave. iritro 1. (o. ace.) / go flo 1.
libero
navo
erum,/ree.
/ deliver. / pursue some-
1. 1.
and
|
Exercises for translation.
/ interitus, us, m. destrucoccupy myself with. tion. numero I. I number. aptus, a, um,JUted. opera, ae,y! toil, labor. placldus, a, urn, gentle. somnus, ventus,
into, enter.
liber, era,
learned
ram navo
contend.
cap-
(c. dat.)
vehemens,
m. sleep. m. loind.
i,
i,
tis,
potissimum,
timor, oris, m.fear. cupiditas, atis,/. desire,
passion.
violent.
adv.
es-
pecially.
quomodo, in what manner,
how.
thing ardently; ope-
A) Active of the first Conjugation.
Quum milites urbem intra bant, omnes Quum in silva ambulabamus, vehemens flabat.
Quamdiu
Quomodo
Ad
is
libero
nos
felix,
quercus
litteris
placidus
imperabit,
quas res aptissimi erimus, in
diu eris
domi
operam somnus recreabat, vos vigilabatis. qui non suis cupiditatibus imperat?
tu in horto ambulabas, ego
Dum
navabam.
cives timoris pleni erant.
ventus per altas
iis
potissimum elaborabimus.
multos amicos numerabis.
Quam-
Bonos semper laudabo,
;
§
106
FIRST CONJUGATION.
50.]
improbos semper vituperabo. patriam ab interim
Si acriter armis decertabitis, o milites,
Si virtutem amabis,
liberabitis.
omnes boni
te
emabimt.
LIU. Words Comparro
/
1.
to be
learned
acquire.
conjugo
/ join
1.
career, eris, m. prison,
to-
narratio, ouis,/. narra-
devoco 1. / call down. migro 1. / migrate. emlgro 1. I Tmve out. e\6\o 1. I fy out from,
tive.
rus, ruris, n. country ruri, in the country,
rure, from the country,
escape.
ace.
mterrogo 1. I ask. observo 1. / observe.
Ea
est
rus, into
num, (an interrogative word used when a negative answer is expected),
the
sible
quam
qui ex corporum vinculis,
praecepta observastis,
totem noctem
Quum
omnium civium animos
me
narraveras, vehementer
Quia semper
urbem
milites
ornaveris,
semper beatus
occupabat.
Narratio,
Quum
erit
responsio
eris.
Ut
alios
virtu-
Cur per Acriter
intraverant, ingens
delectaverat.
urbem oppugnaverat, nos jam emigraveramus. nos tractabunt.
conjugavit.
Praeceptores meos semper amavi.
vigilasti ?
pos-
it
carcere, evolaverunt.
magnam vobis Jaudem comparastis.
contra hostes pugnavimus. terror
is
thaf^
morum
similitude
tanquam
Socrates primus philosophiam devocavit e coelo. tis
um, pleas^
a,
adhuc, adv. stUl. [ally, perpetuo, adv. continutanquam, as if, as.
country.
jucundissima amicitia,
ii,
translation.
ant, agreeable.
losophy.
gether, unite.
Vivunt
and Zeroises for
philosophia, ae, f. phi- jucundus,
prepare,
Si
quam mihi nuper exercitus
animum
hostilis
virtutibus
homines tractaverimus,
ita hi
num
dubia
Si quis te interrogaverit, qualis
sit
animus,
Si perpetuo in hac vita virtutum servaveritis, etiam
?
in altera vita beati
Quum Quum ego
eritis.
ipsam oppugnabunt
hostes agros devastaverint,
urbem
rus migravero, tu adhuc in urbe
eris.
LIV. Words "Recito 1.
revoco caussa,
1.
to be
1 read to, I recall. cause
ae, /.
;
abl. cau55d withg-en.,
on account
sophista, ae, m. sophist. i,
Frenchman.
Germanus,
Exercises for translation.
diligenter, adv. dUigent-
m^nt.
m.
is,
ly, carefully.
an Athenian.
fortiter, adv. bravely,
approbatio, onis,
m. a Ger-
How many called)
m. \man.
i,
and
Atheniensis,
of.
Francogallus,
learned
supplicium, i, n. capi- scelus, eris, n. offence, crime. tal punishment, 2) (any severe) punish- quaestus, us, m. gain,
probation.
/
ap-
studiose, adv. zealously.
\tation.
ostentatio, onis,/. osten-
has the fear of the divine punishment reclaimed
from crimes
!
The Germans have
(= re-
fought bravely against the
;
106
ACTIVE VOICE.
French (== Frenchmen).
So long
as
we
for the sake of ostentation or gain
we
frequented school,
The Athenians
sued literature dihgently.
50.
[^
pur-
who
called those sophists,
To-morrow we
pursued philosophy.
of our father. So long as you shall be number many friends. The more any one (quis) shall love virtue, so much the more peaceful he will be. The more zealously thou shalt occupy thyself with literature, so much the more will celebrate the birth-day
fortunate,
you
will
When
agreeable wilt thou be to thy teachers. shall
native country
[their]
be in danger, the citizens will fight spiritedly against the ene-
mies.
As
were entering the
have
Because thou hast always kept the precepts
As
of virtue, thou hast acquired for thyself great praise.
my
We
thou shalt have treated others, so will they treat thee.
always loved our teachers.
city, all
the citizens were
full
the hostile ar-
of (gen.)
You
fear.
When we shall have migrain the city. When the hostile army
have fought spiritedly against the enemies. ted into the country, you will shall
have
waste the
laid
still
be
fields, it will assault
have adorned [your] souls with
virtues,
you
the city itself will
you
If
shall
always be happy.
As the enemies had assaulted the city, a great part of the citizens had already moved out. While thou wast watching, me gentle sleep refreshed. While we were taking a walk in the garden, you occupied The whole day
yourselves with literature.
my
When
friend.
dition of the citizens will
observed the precepts of
be wanting friend, as
to
I
have eagerly expected
the enemies shall have assaulted the
me.
be very wretched. virtue, the
my
the concarefully
approbation of the good will never
Scarcely hadst thou read to
he entered (perf }
city,
If I shall have
house (ace).
me
the letter of the
If thou shalt pursue
lit-
erature diligently, I shall praise thee.
LV. Wards Opto
1.
persano
to be
/ wish. 1. / cure per-
mihi
and Exercises for
est,
/ am anx-
ious.
/ demand. redamo 1. / love in
opera, ae,/. pains
1.
re-
turn.
rogo \. I entreat, ask. supero 1. / surpass, overcome. evfenit, 4. it
;
occupy myself with. condiscipulus, i, m./eZ-
cura, ae,/. care
;
curae
animal,
advan-
cognitio, onis, /.
know-
alis,
n.
living
being.
rectus,
a,
um,
right
conscientia recta, a
good
low-student.
me(\icus,\,m. physician, happens.
utilitas, atis, /.
statio, oniSy f. post.
op-
eram do, I take pains,
conscientia, ae, /. conledge. sdousntss, conscience, honestas,
translation.
tage.
fabula, ae,/./a6/e.
ftctly.
postulo
learned
conscience.
persaepe, adv. very often.
ut (with Subj.), that, in atis,
rightness.
/.
up-
order
tfiat.
§ 106.
See Syni.
FIRST CONJUGATION.
$50.]
Persaepe
cum Omnes
genter operam navent.
hil
magis mihi curae
ut
me
quam
filii litteris dili-
debemus, ut in omni re rectam conadhibet, ut aegrotum persanet.
animum
ut
imperavit, ut milites stationes suas servarent.
diu scholam frequentabamus, nihil magis nobis curae
animos bonarum rerum cognitione ornaremus.
animum
tristem
urbem ab Every
to take pains, that
the good.
You
Quamquam ut
Heri ambulabam, ut
obey them
(sibi).
it
may
this
we may
demand,
state
I entreat thee, that
preserve
you
love
my
We
ought always so to
that the citizens
we may
I
should
me
thou wouldst relate to
live, that
of
in return.
teachers might
pursue literature very zealously, in order that
parents.
itself.
for yourselves the praise
[my] powers, in order that
all
The laws of
praise me.
you acquire
love us, in order that
labored (peif ) with
my
erat,
interitu servaret.
living being looks to this (id agit), that
I
tc,
Exercitus noster acerrime pugnabat, ut
exhilararera.
You ought
fable.
Ni-
Amo
ornem.
virtutibus
Cura, ut condiscipulos bonis moribus et diligentia
redames.
Dux
est,
Vide, ne peccea
parentes optant, ut
viribus elaborate, ut litteras diligenter
omnem curam
Medicus
superes.
Ita vivere
Omnibus
scientiam servemus. tractetis.
honestate certet.
ut utilitas
evfinit,
contra virtutis praecepta.
107
may
I
the
delight
observe the pre-
cepts of virtue.
We that
we might
fought very spiritedly, in order that
country from destruction.
You were more
you might adorn [your] souls with
manded
(perf), that the
army might enter
frequented the school, I labored with
adorn [my] mind with
LVI. Words
(abl.)
to be
save our native
anxious for nothing, than
virtues.
The
general com-
So long as
the city (ace).
all
[my] powers, that
I
I
might
the knowledge of literature.
learned
and Exercises for
translation.
perturbo 1. / throw inscholastica, scholastic Accelero \.Iliasttn. to confusion. advento 1. / approach^ instruction. specto 1. / behold, con- multitudo, inis,/. mularrive. castigo
1.
/
reprove,
template.
titude.
[tacking.
oppugnatio, onis, /. atcolloco 1. (in aliqua re) mitto3. 1 send, dispatch, ortus, us, m. rising. risus, us, m. laugh. I place, bestoiv (upon uva, ae,/. grape. argumentum, i, n. con- praepropere, adv. presomething). tents (of a book). congrego 1. / assemble. dpitately. [lously. vasto
punish.
delibero
explico
gusto
1.
1. 1.
1.
1 lay waste.
/ deliberate, auxilium, institutio, I explain.
/ taste,
relish.
i,
n. aid.
onis, f. instruction ; institutio
religiose,
ubi,
adv. sa^upu-
where;
(as)
soon
when,
so
as.
Rule of Syntax. The conjunction quin, with the meaning that, takes
ACTIVE VOICE.
108 the subjunctive after
See Syntax
Non
est
pugnaturi
non
:
dubium non
douhts,
50.
/ do not douht^ nemo dubitat, nohody and quis dubitat ? who doubts ?
dubito,
est, it is
[^
not doubtful^
§ 107, 3.
dubium, quin
Quis
sint.
cives, ubi patria in periciilo futura
sit,
fortiter
dubitat, quin e scholastica institutione pulcherri-
mus ad pueros redundaturus sit fructus ? Dubium non est, quin bonorum animi post mortem in sedem beatorum migraturi sint Non dubiNon dubitabam, quin vos to, quin milites nostri hostes superaverint. patriam a servitute liberaturi noster
omnes
labores et
quin Hannibal contra
tat,
tabrtis,
Cui dubium
essetis.
aerumnas
quin exercitus
erat,
Quis dubi-
facile toleraturus esset ?
Romanos
fortissime pugnaverit
Non
?
dubi-
Quis dubitat, quin bonos sem-
quin ego vos semper amaverim.
per laudaverimus, malos semper vituperaverimus ? Non est dubium, quin in omni vitae conditione fidem servaiitis. Non dubito, quin lit-
maximam operam
tfiris
expugnavissent.
Nemo
navaris.
dubitabat, quin hostes
Nemini civium dubium
Nemo
acerrime pugnavissetis.
erat,
Quum
nabant, non erat dubium, quin ingens terror
Nemo
occupavisset.
omnem operam
dubitabat, quin
collocavissemus, ut hostes superaremus.
urbem
quin pro patriae libertate
hostes
in eo
urbem oppug-
omnium civium animos Ne-
dubitabat, quin tu risum ilium excitasses.
mini eorum qui aderant, dubium
erat,
quin recte de
illius
argu-
libri
mento judicavissem. It is
doubtful to no one of those w^ho are present, that concerning
(de) the character of that
man, thou hast judged
doubts, that the enemies have taken the
from scholastic instruction the
Who
the young.
Nobody be
doubted, that
in danger,
would
the
all citizens,
?
city,
has thrown
we
all
is
(=
not doubtful, that fruits)
Romans
to
Who
doubts, that you have raised
army
will
endure
all
the
the citizens into confusion.
No
toils
and
attacking of
not doubtful, that the
one of
us doubted, that our soldiers had overcome the enemies. the
redound
from servitude ?
so soon as their native country should
that our It
advantages
Nobody
correctly.
It is
shall deliver the land
fight bravely.
Nobody doubts, hardships of war patiently. a laugh
fairest
doubts, that
city.
No
(gen.)
one of
doubted, that Hannibal had fought very bravely against
Who
doubts, that we have bestowed all pains upon this we might overcome the enemy ? Who doubts, that I have Nobody doubted, that we had always praised always loved thee ?
them
(se).
(in eo), that
the good, [but] had always censured the bad.
have kept
my word (=
fidelity)?
occupied thyself earnestly with that
Who
Nobody doubted,
literature.
you had always kept the precepts of
doubts, that I
that thou hadst
To no one was virtue.
it
doubtful,
ACTIVE VOICE.
§50.] Diligenter cura,
rebus judicate,o
Ne praepropere de mi amice, valetudinem tuam Ne dublta de animorum immortalitate Per!
piieri
petuo servato, mi
100
!
!
conscientiam rectam
fili,
Discipulus amato prae-
!
Omnes
Laudatote probos homines, castigatote improbos!
ceptores.
homines amanto deum.
Look
men and
things,
O
boy!
the immortality of the soul (plur.)!
Thou
ers.
You
Judge not precipitateDoubt ye not concerning
out carefully, friends, for your health
concerning
ly
shouldest praise
my
should always,
!
Scholars should love their teach-
the upright, [but] reprove the wicked.
sons, preserve a
(Comp. Synt.
good conscience.
§ 97.)
Parentes mei in urbem migraverunt habiiatum.
Legati in
urbem
nostram acceleraverunt auxilium postulatum cives sui ex Italia tes
Hannibalem invictum Hosrevocaverunt patriam ab hostibus liberatum.
pacem postulatum
legatos ad nos mittunt.
ventavit agros nostros vastatum.
Exercitus hostilis ad-
Ingens hominum multitude in urbem
congregatur ludos publicos spectatum.
Uva immatura
Multa sunt dura
peracerba gustatu.
est
Quaestio de animi natura difficillima est explicatu.
facilis
Pira dulcia sunt gustatu.
est toleratu.
The
toleratu.
non
Sitis
soldiers hastened (perf), in order to
relieve the
city
from
The ambassadors assembled themselves (== were assembled), in order to deliberate concerning the peace. The hostile army approached, in order to assault the city. To-morrow my the siege of the enemies.
parents will go [there]
A
(=
ripe grape
is
sweet to
This thing
behold.
LVII. Words Duro
1.
migrate) into (ace.) the country in order to dwell
through the summer.
is
to be
/ endure, con1.
1.
rising of the
learned
and i,
n.
/
cumstance, particular,
trace out,
mico 1. I glitter. obtempero 1. I obey. sxido \. I sweat. supplico 1. I implore.
beautiful to
is
ornatus, us,
cir-
officium, i,n. duty, ser-
investigate.
sun
Exercises for translation.
avaritia, ae,/. avarice.
/ reproach
[one) for. investigo
The
momentum,
tinue.
exprobro
taste.
easy to explain.
loss,
oma-
exiguus,
a, a,
teter, tra,
um, foreign, um, little. um, odious,
trum, foul.
coelestis, e, heavenly.
praesertim,
actio, onis,/. action. jpoftio, ouis, f.
alienus, a,
odiosus,
vice.
calamitas, atis, f. misfortune.
m.
ment.
drinking,
adv.
espe-
dally.
drink.
Luscinia cantans animos nostros delectat.
10
Coelum plenum
est stel-
FIRST CONJUGATION.
110
Nullum vitium
larum niicantium.
tetrius
[^50.
quam
est,
tim in principibus rem publicam gubemantibus.
haec nostra ut exigua
hominum
minima contemnimus.
et
Ex
ofRcia exprobrantium.
aquae potio perniciosissima
avaritia, praeser-
Cogitantes coelestia,
Odiosum
genus
est
labore sudanti frigldae
(after)
Vir bonus viro bono non supplicanti
est.
succurrit.
Rei veritatem investigaturi omnia ejus momenta ponderare
debemus.
Sapiens bona
sibi
comparare studet perpetilo duratura.
Ciconiae, in alienas terras migraturae, in
hominum
Ingens
unum locum
congregantur.
multitudo in urbem congregatur ludos publlcos spec-
tatura.
How
great
whole world!
is
wisdom of God who governs (= governing)
the
The
larks sing as they Jly
(=
love God, when he does not observe
The power of
virtue.
the souls of
men
The
{=
it
fairest
(=
it
assaulting) the city.
The
citizens
(=
citizens) recalled
to deliver) his native country
Rule of Syntax.
adorns
How great
illuminating) the
citizens fought spiritedly with the enemies,
(== intending to assault) the
(=
adorning)
are the bene-
whole earth
army came up in order to The invincible Hannibal, his
from
might
Italy, that he
!
who were assaulting
hostile
city.
the
does not
not observing) the precepts of
ornaments.
illuminates
Man
flying).
virtue is very great, since
with the
of the sun, since
fits
(=
deliver
assault
fellow-
(=
about
from the enemies.
The Gerund
takes
same case as
the
its
verb.
In the Nom. with est and the Dat. of the agent, it should be translated by / [thou, he) must, ought, should, we (you, they) must, ought, should, one [ive) must, ought, etc. but without the Dat. of the agent by should (comp. Synt. § 98.). :
:
;
De animorum immortalitate nobis non est dubitandum. Obtemperandum est virtutis praeceptis. Propter belli calamitates multis civibus e patria in alienas terras migrandum est. Si beati esse studemus, diligenter nobis est elaborandum, ut in omni actione virtutis praecepta observemus.
dum
Quis
dubltat,
quin nobis pro patriae libertate pugnan-
sit.
LVIII. Words Avoco
to be
I call away. d\iu(]icoli. I distinguish. 1.
learned
and Exercises for
fortem),
I show my- occasio,
self [hraye).
translation. onis, f.
occa-
sion.
nato 1. I swim. teneo 2. / hold, under- planities, ei,/. plain. praebeo, 2. / afford; stand. [lectics. idoneus, a^ un\, suited. praebeo me (e. g. dialectica, ae, /. dia- prudenter, adv. unsely.
Rule of Syntax. The oblique cases of the Gerund form the cases of the Infinitive the Ace, however, can be used only in connection with a preposition. Comp. Synt. § 98. ;
§
PASSIVE VOICE.
51.]
Nom.
Ill
JVatdre est utile, stvimming is useful.
Gen. JVatandi sum peritus, /
am skilful in
stvimming, or
swimming
di ars utllis est, the art of
or to
to sivim
swim
of governing a state is is fitted to swimming, or
civitatern guhernandi, the art
Dat. JVatando
homo
aptus
est,
man
natan-
;
Ars
is usefid. difficult.
to
swim.
Ace. JVatdre disco, / learn swimming or to swim, but ad naiandum homo aptus est, man is fitted for swimming or to swim. :
Abl. JVatando corporis vires exerceiitiu*, by sivimming the powers of the body are exercised.
Navigare utilissimum
Haec
falsa dijudicandi.
tuum dum.
Boni
sed ars navigandi est difRcillima.
debent civitatem gubernandi.
esse
periti
est,
sunt Htteras diHgenter tractandi.
discipuli cupidi
Dialectica est ars vera ac
pqgnando. Ego fratrera quod tam aptum se praebet ad natanapta
planities
natare doceo, gaudeoque,
Principes civitatis
est
aliis imperandum. Virtus hompugnando milites urbem ab interitu
Pauci homines idonei sunt ad
ines avocat a peccando.
Acriter
liberaverunt.
To art
govern a
state,
very difficult; [only] a few understand the
is
ning.
Thy
lect is
nourished by
brother
LIX. Words CrucAO
\.
very skilful in (gen.) riding.
is
learned
to be
emendo
thing),
I improve.
dat.)
(c.
B.)
Quum
;
I
n. con/la-
adv.
kindly,
benevolently.
misere, adv. loretchedly, in a loretched way.
Passive or the First Conjugation.
Quamdlu virtutis
Malefici post
tractaverltis, ita
benevole,
hodie, adv. to-day.
gration.
delectabare (delectabaris).
tamdlu homines
um, unre-
a,
strained.
lent, slothful.
ohVivio, onia, f. oblivion, decus, oris, n. honor.
occupabantur.
obscurabatur.
of effusus,
of.
disease.
urbs ab hostibus oppugnabatur,
teiTore
erunt.
abl.
ment.
(with ace. of
1.
Exercises for translation.
/ deprive
morbus, i, m. incendium i,
please.
spolio
sin-
intel-
poena, ae, f. punish- piger, gra, grum, indo-
nuntio 1. / announce. obscuro 1. / obscure. probo 1. / approve
probor
and
person and
I torment.
1.
The human
thinking.
(abl.)
cruciatus, us, m. torture.
ti
Avoid thou every occasion of
of governing a state wisely.
ab
iis
omnium civium animi
ingen-
Dum ego cantando delectabar, tu saltando Quum pugna atrocissima erat, sol nubibus virtus decore et dignitate sua
non
spoliabitur,
compotes etiam in summis cruciatibus beati
mortem
Ut alios operam nava-
justis poenis castigabuntur.
tractabimini.
Si
litteris
diligenter
verimus, a parentibus nostris pulchris muneribus donablmur.
Quo
re-
FIRST CONJUGATION.
112 ligiosius
[f
omnes
erat,
cives acerbissimo dolore cru-
Si liberi vestri bene a vobis educati erunt,
ciabantur.
Quum
praecepta servabo, eo magis dec probabor.
virtutis
urbs ab hostibus expugnata
51.
magna ad
vos
laus redundabit.
As
yesterday thou wast with me, I
pains, but to-day I love)
ed
men, thou
men
happy,
am
(abl.)
(abl.) violent
If thou lovest
(=
shalt
The remembrance of renownno oblivion. The wise will even then be
wilt be loved
obscured by
is
when
was tormented by
dehvered from them.
by them.
they shall be tormented by the severest (acerbus) pains.
While we delighted ourselves
(=
were delighted)
in (abl.)
song (Ge-
The more scrupulously you shall observe the precepts of virtue, so much the more will you please God. As the victory of our army was announced, unrestrained joy prevailed (agitarij through the whole city. As
rund), you delighted yourselves in
the dance (Gerund).
the city had been taken possession of by the enemy, at
same time three Christmas
(=
conflagrations
thou shalt please
be presented with
will (fut.
perf )
LX. Words /
1.
1.
Iform.
oppose,
J.
(abl.)
to he
am a
hindrance.
praeparo
all
(abl.)
As thou
/prepare.
expleo 2. Ifulfil. prohlbeo 2. I prevent.
metuo
3.
/
apprehend,
fear.
much
the
If
God.
more kindly
the arrival of thy father.
learned
and Exercises for
translation.
metus, us, m. apprehen- ignavia, ae,/ cowardice, otium, i, n. ease. sion,Jear. officio 3. / hinder, stand infirmitas, atis,/. weakin the way.
[tiniie.
1.
turhed, apprehensive.
also please
enteredst the house (ace.)
pergo 3. / go on, conI hear off. sollicito 1. I disturb. impedio 4. I prevent. soUicitus, a, um, dis- impedimentum, n. i,
reporto
the very
beautiful presents.
good men, thou wilt
be treated by them.
thou wast delighted by
Conformo
(abl.)
Rejoice, boys, lo-morrow
kindly I shall have treated others, so
shall I also
obsto
raised.
the birth day of Christ) will be celebrated, and by your
good parents you
The more
were
hindrance
mento
;
est,
hindrance. constantia,
ness.
timidltas, atis,/. timidity.
divlnus, a,
um,
divine.
impedi- immanis, e, cruel. it is a terrestris, e, earthly. temere, adv. inconsid-
ae, f.firm-
erately,
vnthout rea-
son.
ness.
Rule of Syntax. after the
The conjunction g'Momiwtts with the Subj. stands verbs and phrases which signify a hindrance, and is to be
translated into English by that.*
(Comp. Synt.
§ 107, 2.).
* Or more elegantly, often, by the prepositions, of, from, to, with a corresponding modification of the words which stand in connection with it.— Tr.
PASSIVE VOICE.
$51.]
113
Levitas animi miiltis pueris impedimento
mores emendentur
tum
est,
quominus eorum
conformentur.
et ingenia litterarum studio
Mili-
ignavia obstabat, quominus hostilis exercitus superaretur.
Unius
ducis constantia obstabat, quominus cives ab immanibus militibus mi-
Terrestrium rerum cura saepe prohibet, quominus
sere vexarentur.
Infirmitas vocis et timiditas animi saepe
res divinae a nobis curentur. oratori officiunt, pedit,
quominus laude dignus
tas saepe impedit,
Senectus non im-
judicetur.
quominus litterarum studia studiose a nobis
quominus animus noster contra
Timidi-
tractentur.
pericula,
quae nobis
imminent, praeparetur.
Weakness of voice stood in the way of your being accounted (= hindered you, that you should be accounted) a great orator. The firmness of the general alone prevents the citizens from being annoyed by
Already has
the cruel soldiers.
levity
been an hindrance
to
many
boys, that their manners should be improved and their minds be formed
by the study of literature. The cowardice of the army should be overcome.
soldiers hindered,
that the hostile
Rule of Syntax.
After the words and phrases which express j/^ar is to be translated by that, and ut with
or apprehension, ne with the Subj.
(Comp. Synt.
the Subj. by that not.
§ 106, 3.).
semper metuit, ne a praeceptoribus castigetur. Mevituperer. Timeo, ut victoria ab exercitu nostro de hos-
Piger discipiilus tuo,
ne a
te
Si
tibus reportetur.
non
giose expletis
ut
morbo
tam
ne ab
est periculum,
was
superemur.
liberaremini.
Vehemens cura animos Sollicitus
I
semper
should be disturbed in
nostros sollicitabat, ne
be censured by thee.
my
ease.
The
I
soldiers
apprehension that victory over the enemy would not be borne violent apprehension
noyed by
the'
(=
enemies.
care) disturbs our minds, that we
Why
?
If thou hast
= not)
it
may be overcome by them.
we
fulfilled all.
We
should be accounted ungrateful by you.
out reason so oppressive an apprehension seized you, that
be annoyed by the enemies. 10*
an-
thy
If our
no
Indolent scholars always
they shall be punished by [their] teachers.
prehension, that
A
to fight so bravely against the enemies, there is
fear, that
fear, that
in
off.
may be
always
do not fear that thou may est not please (probor)
army continues (
appre-
were
did they apprehend, that they should
not be delivered from sickness duties,
reli-
In metu eramus,
eram, ne in otio turbarer.
in apprehension that I should
hended, that
Si officia vestra
ne metuite, ut omnibus probemini.
;
ab hostibus vexaremur. I
contra hostem dimicare pergimus,
fortiter iis
were
in ap-
Not withyou would
!
!
114
!
FIRST CONJUGATION.
LXI. Words Contamino
to be
Icon-
1.
taminate.
and
learned
I trans-
ace.
1. c.
1.
equanimity.
foul
n.
i,
sceleratus,
proditor, oris, m. traitor.
1 punish.
sancte, adv. sacredly, sanctitas, atis,/. sacre^t-
dor.
noto 1. I mark, brand, occo 1. / harrow. reparo 1. / repair.
civitas,
atis, f. citizen-
ship, right
ness. sin, conj. but if
citizen-
of
ship.
Si industrius es, laudator ; sin piger, vitupei*ator migraveritis,
multaminor
O
mi
Be
Ne
animo vituperare
flagitiis
(=
fault (fut.
sured with equanimity
you
indolent,
!
Precibus nostris exorare, o
(abl.)
O my
!
perf ) allow yourselves
Thou
!
father
will be
observed.
The
If thou transgressest
fields,
shouldst be punished.
{=
to be
If
;
but
if
you are
Virtue should always be sacredly
the right time, should be ploughed
at
(fut.
O
Thou,
you
be ye) cen-
shouldest not be contaminated with
censured.
harrowed.
boys, delight
the study of literature.
If you are diligent, you will be praised
foul deeds.
Si quid
!
Exoramini, o mei parentes
!
my
entreaty,
be delighted) in
have committed a
Pro-
!
contaminaminor
upon by
prevailed
yourselves
occator
Vos, o scelerati cives, ignominia
!
puer, delectare litterarurn studio !
et-
Leges divinae ab hominibus sancte observantor
!
peccaveris, aequo
judex
Si leges civitatis
!
Ager justo tempore arator
!
diiores patriae civitate spoliantor
notaminor
um,
a,
wicked.
splendor, oris, m. splen-
gress.
multo
JEkercises for translation.
ignominia, ae, /. ^tm)- aequus, a, iim, equal; miny. aequus animus,
exoro 1. I prevail upon flagitium, hy entreaty. deed.
migro
[$51.
and
perf) the laws of the state, thou
wicked
be branded
citizen, shouldst
with ignominy
LXII. Words Adaequo
1 / appropinquo .
to be
ZeveZ.
1.
/ ap-
proach.
exstirpo
1.
/
muto
1.
I rule,
Exercises for translation.
1.
humamtas,
.
offen-
reign.
pernicies,
accido 3. I happen. dimitto 3. I dismiss.
Iflourish, / rush.
efforesco 3.
solum,
Melior est certa pax,
hu-
ei,
f
destruc-
lion.
ded.
3.
atis,/.
manity.
pueritia, ae,/. boyhood,
cJiange.
regno
1
violo
/ change^ ex- ruo
1.
and
1 hope. I violate. succenseo 2. 1 am
spero
extirpate.
extermino 1. / expel. fundo 1. Ifound. labefacto 1. / shake.
learned
quam
i.
n, the
eximius,
a,
um,
distin-
guished, excellent.
jam pridem,
adv. long
since.
interdlu, adv. by day.
ground.
sperata victoria.
Terra mutata non
§
PASSIVE VOICE.
51.]
Multa in hac
mutat mores.
exspectata.
Dux
sunt.
eximiam virtutem laudatos. Multi juvenes, tibus male educati, in perniciem ruunt.
The
non
vita accidunt
minus acerbi
dolores patienter tolerati
115
in
ob prima pueritia a paren(J
(= united) between good nothing (= no thing). Dangers,
and wise [men]
friendship formed
disturbed by
(abl.)
Omnes
dimittit milites
is
which were not ex-
by us, discompose our minds more (magis) JVhen thou art censurthan dangers which were long since expected.
pected (=^ not expected)
ed
(=
having been censured) on account of a
the censurer
(
= the
one censuring).
be not offended at
fault,
After the walls had been leveled
(=: the walls having been leveled) to the ground by the enemies, they
By day we do
are repaired by the citizens. they are obscured
(=
not see the
stars, because
they having been obscured) by the splendor of the
Bun.
(Concerning the Ablative absolute Comp. Synt. 100,
4, b).
Regnante Xerxe^), Graeci de Persis splendidissimam victoriam ral).
deum
Inter bonos viros et
portaverunt.
Appropinquante
hieme-'),
re-
amicitia est, conciliante natu-
multae aves mitiores regiones petunt.
Regibus exterminatis^), Romani liberam rempublicam fuudaverunt. Terra mutata^), mores hominum non mutantur. Legibus divinis sancte observatis"), vita nostra Recuperata pace*), artes efflorescunt.
beata
erit.
While Numa Pompilius reigned, the Romans were very prosperous. While the larks sing, we go to walk over (per) the plains. While Augustus reigned, the splendor of the empire was the greatest. When a just king administers the
state,
the laws also are just.
When
the
swallows migrate into milder regions, winter approaches. After the plains were laid waste, the enemies assaulted (perf ) the city.
When
the state
is
the sacredness of the laws
was
flagration
When
shaken.
violated, the
foundation of
the city had been taken, an
immense con-
is
raised.
«
LXIII. Words Coerceo,
ui,
restrain.
itum
2.
to be
/
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
etum
deleo, evi, destroy.
2.
/
pareo, ui 2. I obey,
am
obedient, follow.
^) While Xerxes reigned, or under the reign of Xerxes. ^) Since nature forms (it). ^) When the winter approaches, or on the approach of winter. *) After peace is restored, or on the restoration of peace. *) After the kings had been expelled, or after the expulsion of the kings. ^) When the country has been exchanged, or after an exchange of countries. ') When the divine laws are sacredly observed. :
:
:
:
:
PARALLEL EXERCISES FOR ALL THE CONJUGATIONS,
116
/ stand
pat6o, ui 2.
instruo,
upon.
to
itum
valeo, ui,
/ am
2.
strong, well.
nctum
cingo, nxi, to
xi,
ctum
conjuratio, onis,/. conspiracy.
aditus, us, m. approach.
3. to
acies, ei,/. 1) edge; 2)
/ hunger.
4.
line-of-hattle.
/ thirst.
sitio 4.
tenuis, e, thin.
corona, ae,/. garland.
quoad,
membrana,
fere, adv. almost.
3.
surround.
detego
3.
arrange.
write.
consume.
3. to
uctum
to
ptum
scribo, psi,
absumo, sumpsi, sump- esurio
tum
uxi,
furnish,
ae,/.
mem-
m. eye. he dis- incendium, i, n. confla-
excello, ui 3. to tinguished.
i,
long as,
conj. so
probe adv.
brane.
3. to
oculus,
detect.
[^50.
excellently^
properly.
gration.
C) Parallel exercises for all the Conjugations. and Future Active of all
a) Indicative Present, Imperfect
Laudo, exerceo, duco, erudio. Laudat,
exercet,
ducit,
gebam,
Laudabam, exercebam,
emdit.
ducebam,
duces,
exercebis,
Gaudebam, quod
Laudebat,
Laudabo, exercebo, ducam, erudiam.
exercebat, ducebat, erudiebat.
erudlet.
ducis, erudis,
Laudabas, exercebas, ducebas, erudiebas.
erudiebam.
Laudabis,
Conjugations.
the
Laudas, exerces,
Laudabit,
erudies.
exercebit,
tu et pater tuus valebatis.
tu scribebas, et frater legebat.
Dum
ducet,
ego pin-
Milites nostri castra muniebant.
Hostes aciem instruebant.
Dum nos Quum hostes
Praeceptor gaudebat, quod vos ejus praeceptis parebatis.
acu pingebant.
legebamus, vos scribebatis
et sorores
urbem nostram obsidione
cingebant, cives earn custodiebant.
placebas,
Dum
displicebas.
aliis
Omnes
boni legibus divinis semper parebunt.
vives.
Dum
tu dormies, ego te custodiam.
We
we
praise,
you
lead,
praised,
we
exercise,
you
We
they instruct.
Quoad vives, bene honorem nulla
Virtutis
Si virtutem coletis, aditus in coelum vobis patebit
oblivio delebit.
exercise,
Tibi
tu dormiebas, ego te custodiebam.
lead,
They
instruct.
praised,
we
you exercised, you
we
exercised,
led,
you
You
instruct.
praise,
you
praise, they exercise, they lead,
we
led,
instructed.
we
instructed.
They
You
praised, they
We will praise, we will exercise, You will praise, you will exercise, you They will praise, they will exercise, they
exercised, they led, they instructed.
we
we
will lead,
will lead,
you
will instruct.
will instruct.
will lead, they will instruct.
While we wrote, you
read,
We
rejoiced, that (quod) thou
While the enemies were arranging the fortified the
camp.
The
wast well.
and the brothers painted. line-of-battle,
our soldiers
teachers rejoiced, that (quod) the scholars
§
ACTIVE VOICE.
50.]
obeyed
While I was singing, thou wast learnWhile the enemy surrounded our
their (eorum) precepts.
ing,
and the
city
with a blockade,
you
shall live,
embroidering.
sister
we
will live
You pleased yourselves, others it. we guarded you. So long as you While you shall sleep, we will guard
guarded
While you
you displeased.
117
slept,
well.
you.
b) Indicative Perfect Active of all Laudavi, exercui,
Laudavit,
erudi(vi)sti.
artibus floruit.
the Conjugations.
erudivif^ Lauda(vi)sti,
duxi,
exercuit,
*
duxit,
Hostes aciem instruxerunt.
Laudo
sitierunt et esurierunt
studio probe exercuistis.
Multas
litteras
duxisti,
Graecia omnibus
Milltes per
quod mentes
vos,
exercuisti,
erudivit.
totum diem
vestras in litterarum
hodie scripslmus.
Natura
membranis vestivit. Duces cupiditates milltum coercuerunt. Bellum atrocissimum gessimus. Cur domQs vestrae parietes coronis ornavistis et vestivistis? Cur taciiistis? Bellum oculos
tenuissimis
urbis nostrae opes absumpsit.
Incendium totam
fere
Cicero conjurationem Catilinae detexit
urbem absumpsit.
We
have praised, we have exercised, we have led, we have instructYou have praised, you have exercised, you have led, you have instructed. They have praised, they have exercised, they have led, they have instructed. The general has arranged the line of battle before (ante) the city. The Greeks were (perf) distinguished by (abl.) ed.
the glory of [their] arts
hast exercised thy written the letter.
We
soldiers.
and
I praise
literature.
mind properly in The general has
thou
thee, that (quod)
the study of literature.-
I
had
restrained the passions of the
have carried on a very bloody war.
Wherefore hast
thou adorned and hung (== clothed) the walls of thy house with garlands
Why
?
hast thou been silent
?
The wars have consumed our
resources.
LXIV. Words Convolo
to be
Iflytogeth-
1.
er^ hasten together.
specto
1.
/
hehold, have
on
2.
one^s guard,
xi,
lead out.
ctum
3.
to
ectum
3.
expedio
4.
vix, adv. scarcely.
priusquam
to neglect.
/
disentan-
gle, get ready.
quam) .
.
.
{or
prius,
conj.
sooner
than.
/ end, conclude, simulatque, conj. obedio 4. / obey. [as) soon as.
finio 4.
3. to despise.
diu, adv. long time.
3. to fear.
negligo, exi,
cautum
contemno,mpsi,mptum educo,
metuo, ui
temeritas, atis,/ inconsiderateness, rashness.
to cultivate.
in view.
caveo, cavi, to be
learned and Exercises for translation.
excolo, olui, ultum 3.
so
PARALLEL EXERCISES FOR ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
118
c) Indicative Pluperfect Active
of all
[^
50.
the Qonjugations.
Lauda(ve)ram, exercueram, dux^ram, erudi(v)eram.
Lauda(v6)ras,
Lauda(ve)rat, exercuerat, duxerat
exercueras, duxeras, erudi(v)eras.
erudi(v)erat. Haec civltas diu floruerat, quia semper legibus paruerat. Vix Caesar aciem instruxerat, quum hostes in unum locum convola-
Tu
ceptis obedieratis.
non coercueras.
nobis valde nocueras, quia temeritatem
Incendium
fere
totlJfi
milites nostri castra muniverant,
We
eorum praetuam
Praeceptoribus vestris placueratis, quia semper
verunt.
quum
we had exercised, we had you had exercised, you had
had praised,
You had
Vix
urbem absumpserat.
Caesar aciem led,
instruxit.
we had
instructed.
you had instructed. They had praised, they had exercised, they had led, they had instruct-' ed. Why hadst thou been silent ? Scarcely had the enemies arrang-
ed the
praised,
of b/ittle, as Caesar led out (perf) the soldiers from the
line
The war had consumed
camp.
led,
Thou
the resources of our state.
hadst pleased thy teacher, because thou hadst always obeyed his pre-
You had
cepts.
injured that [man] greatly, because you had not res-
trained your rashness. d) Indicative Future Perfect Active
of all
Lauda(ve)ro,^ exercuero, duxero, erudi(v)ero. ris,
duxeris, erudi(v)eris.
the Conjugations.
Lauda(ve)ris, exercue-
Lauda(ve)rit, exercuerit, duxerit, erudi(v)erit
Nisi virtutis praeceptis parueritis, adltus in coelum vobis Divites
eritis, si divitias
contempseritis.
negotia nostra finierimus. eritis.
Simulatque
litteras
castra muniverint, ad
We
shall
you
will
have
scripserlmus, ambulablmus.
led,
patebit.
quam
Quum
milites
se expedient.
we shall have exercised, we You will have praised, you
have praised,
non
prius dormiemus,
Si cupiditates vestras coercuerltis, beati
pugnam
"we shall have instructed. cised,
Non
you
will
have instructed.
have
shall
will
led,
have exer-
They
will
have
praised, they will have exercised, they will have led, they will have If thou shalt have
instructed.
thou wilt be loved by despised riches.
my
business
Not sooner
(plur.).
to walk.
So soon
general will lead
shall I sleep, than I shall
have concluded
If thou shalt have restrained thy passions, thou
So soon as
wilt be peaceful.
obeyed (parere) the precepts of virtue, wilt be rich, if thou shalt 'have
Thou
all.
I shall
have written the
letter, I will
go
as the soldiers shall have got ready for battle, the
them out of the camp.
!
ACTIVE VOICE.
^50.]
e) Subjunctive Present
and
119
Imperfect Active of all the Conjugations.
animum
Curo, ut pueri mores emendem, corpus exerc6am,
mentem animum
Curo, ut
erudiam. excolas,
mentem
^ei*ufl^as.*''^uro, ut
animum
emendet, corpus exerceat,
excolam,
emenrffes, corpus exerceas,
piWi'i. rh3re[S
excolat,
praeceptor pueri mores
mentem
Cura-
erudiat.
mores emendarem, corpus exercerem, animum excolerem, mentem erudirem. Curabam, ut pueri mores emendares, corpus exerceres, animum excoleres, mentem erudires. Curabam, ut praecep-
bam,
ut pueri
tor pueri
mores emendaret, corpus exerceret, animum excoleret, men-
Non
tem
erudiret.
vos,
ne parentium praecepta
Moneo
dubitamus, quin nobis fidem habeatis.
Cavete, pueri, ne garriatis
negligatis.
Lacedaemoniorum leges id spectant, ut laboribus erudiant juventutem. Metuebam, ne vobis displicerem. Timebam, ne inimicus mihi noceret. Metuebam, ne taceres. Cur metuis, ne taceam ? Hostes timent, ne dux milites e castris educat.
We
look out [for
we may
that
this],
improve the manners of the
boys, exercise [their] bodies, cultivate [their] minds, instruct [their] in-
We
tellects.
look out [for
this], that
you may improve the manners of
the boys, exercise [their] bodies, cultivate [their] minds, instruct [their]
We
intellects.
look out [for
this], that
manners of the boys, exercise
We
instruct [their] intellects.
looked out
prove the manners of the boys, exercise minds, instruct
the teachers
[their] intellects.
We
minds, instruct
[for this], that
we might
im-
looked out
[their] intellects.
that
[for this],
you
[their] bodies, cul-
We looked
out [for
this],
improve the manners of the boys, exercise
that the teachers might
minds, instruct
[their] bodies, cultivate [their]
I
the
[their] bodies, cultivate [their]
might improve the manners of the boys, exercise tivate [their]
may improve
cultivate [their] minds,
[their] bodies,
[their] intellects.
doubt not, that thou hast confidence in me.
I
admonish
thee, that
Be on The laws of the
thou shouldest not (ne) neglect the precepts of thy parents.
your guard, boy,
how (=
Lacedemonians had bors.
We
that, ne)
thou chatterest.
this in view, that they
feared, that (ne)
we might
(ne) the
enemies might injure
silent.
Why
us.
We
did you fear, that (ne)
might instruct youth
displease you.
We
feared, that (ne)
we might be
in la-
feared, that
you might be
silent ?
The
ene-
mies feared, that (ne) the general might lead out the soldiers from the camp.
I fear, that (ne) I
(ne) thou
may displease
mayest displease us
?
you.
Why dost thou
fear, that
PARALLEL EXERCISES FOR ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
120
LXV. Words
to be
learned
and Exercises for
[$50.
translation.
Constat 1. it is known, lenio 4. / relieve, soothe, aeger, gra, grum, sick puto 1. 1 believe, think, mollio ^.. / render pit(of the mind), adspicio,
turn
spexi,
spec-* > *ant^.(ibaie.
nuntius,
3. to look at.
ij
wi.
>
gnaviter, adv. zealoiisly.
^
unde, adv. whence.
nSim.-
comburo, ussi, ustum consolatio, 6nis,y. consolution. 3. to burn up. corrigo,
exi,
ectum
longinquitas,
3.
to correct, improve.
atis,
/.
length, distance.
f ) Subjunctive Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Active of
all the
Con-
jugations.
Nemo
dubitat,
monuerim, bitat,
quin ego puerum semper bene educa(ve)rim, benevole
diligenter correxerim, gnaviter custodi(v)erim.
Nemo
quin puerum semper bene educa(ve)ris, benevole monueris,
genter
correxeris, gnaviter
puerum semper bene
Nemo
rexerit, gnaviter custodi(v)erit.
bene educa(vi)ssem,
Nemo
custodi(v)eris.
educa(ve)rit, benevole
benevole
gnaviter custodi(vi)ssem.
Nemo
dudili-
dubitat, quin pater
monuerit, diligenter cor-
dubitabat, quin
monuissem,
puerum semper
dilligenter
dubitabat, quin
correxissem,
puerum semper bene
educa(vi)sses, benevole monuisses, diligenter correxisses, gnaviter custodi(vi)sses. ca(vi)sset,
Nemo
dubitabat, quin pater
puerum semper bene edu-
benevole monuisset, diligenter correxisset, gnaviter custodi-
(vi)sset.
Nescio, cur tacueritis.
Metmmus, ne
hostes
Narrate mihi, qua consolatione aegrum amici dubito, quin puniveritis.
dux temeritatem militum Narrate
nobis,
urbem combusserint.
animum
coercuerit.
leniveritis.
Nescio, cur
quid parentes scripserint.
Non
puerum
Nescimus,
unde amici hunc nuntium audiverint. Non dubito, quin pueri praecepta mea memoria custodierint. Hostes timent, ne dux milites e Nesciebam, cur tacuissetis. Metuebamus, ne hostes castris eduxerit.
urbem obsidione cinxissent. Non dubitabam, quin praecepta mea memoria custodivissetis. Non dubito, quin puerum bene educaturus Non dubito, quin dux temeritatem militum coercitiirus sit. Nesis. mo dubitat, quin hostes urbem obsidione cincturi sint. Non dubitabam, quin longinquitas temporis dolorem tuum mollitura esset. Non dubitabam, quin praecepta mea memoria servaturus esses.
Nobody
doubts, that
v^^e
have always brought up the boys well, have
kindly admonished them, have carefully corrected them, have zealously
guarded them.
Nobody
doubts, that you have always brought
up
the boys well, have kindly admonished them, have carefully corrected
!
ACTIVE VOICE.
^50.]
Nobody
them, have zealously guarded them.
have always brought up the boys
121
w^ell,
doubts, that the teachers
have kindly admonished them,
Nobody
have carefully corrected them, have zealously guarded them. doubted, that
v^^e
had always brought up the boys
monished them, had well,
had zealously guarded you had always brought up the boys
carefully corrected them,
Nobody doubted,
them.
that
had kindly admonished them, had
zealously guarded them.
ways brought up fully corrected
We
know
that the
why
thou hast been
know
not,
whence
(abl.)
not, that the
We
me what
know
not,
the father has
the enemies have heard the news.
my
precepts in
(abl.)
The enemies feared, that the general had led out the camp. We knew not, why thou hadst been silent. the enemies had surrounded the city with
soldiers
We
city
from the
feared, that I
doubted
doubted not, that the
I
We
general would restrain the rashness of the soldiers.
enemies would surround the
I
remembrance;
a blockade.
(abl.)
wouldst bring up the boy well.
not, that length
what consolation
doubted
I
Relate to
doubt not, that the boy has kept
that the
the
I feared, that (ne)
silent.
Relate to me, by
the city.
thou hast punished the boy.
not, that thou
al-
them, had zealously guarded them.
not,
general had restrained the rashness of the soldiers.
I
parents had
had kindly admonished them, had care-
thou hast relieved the sick mind of thy friend.
written.
had
carefully corrected them,
Nobody doubted,
the boys well,
enemy had burned
why
had kindly ad-
well,
doubted
with a blockade.
I
not,
doubt
of time will abate thy suffering.
g) Imperative
and Supine
Active of all the Conjugations,
Lauda, exerce, scribe, obedi.
Laudato, exerceto,
scribito, obedito.
Praeceptor puerorum mores emendato, corpora exerceto, animos excoIito,
mentes erudito
Tacete, pueri
!
Liberi parentibus obediunto.
temnlto
Cupiditates coercitote
!
gistrorum tuorum tra hostes
!
te
Vox
mecum
difficlles
Educ
liumana con-
nos,
O
ma-
dux, con-
Uva matura Haec regie
ambules.
sunt coercitu.
dulpul-
You
should praise, exercise, write,
Teachers should improve the manners of the boys, should ex-
ercise [their] bodies, should cultivate [their] [their] intellects.
boy!
garrite, pueri
lusciniae est suavis auditu.
Praise ye, exercise, write, obey.
obey.
Ne
!
spectato,
Puer, ne contemnito praecepta
!
rogatum, ut
Cupiditates
chra est adspectu.
semper
Die, quid pater scripserit.
!
Venio
cis est gustatu.
Disce, puer
!
Coelestia
Be
silent,
boy
The boy should obey 11
!
Learn,
O
the precepts
minds, should instruct
boys of
!
[his]
Do
not chatter,
teachers.
You
PARALLEL EXERCISES OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
122
human
should always regard heavenly, [but] despise
O We come, in order (Supine)
general, the soldiers against the enemies. to ask you, that
gent to
taste.
you would go
The
These regions are
Infinitive Active
Exercitus pugnans urbem
urbem oppugnaturi, rus, quid
the Conjugations.
urbem
The
soldiers,
tering) in school, are troublesome.
sault the city.
Strive,
O
(=
chatto as-
chatter
We
to assault the city.
The
come wishing
of writing
art
thinking and learning, the intellect (mens)
opportunity
to
hear {:= of hearing)
is
is
is
to
very
nourished.
rarer than the opportunity
of seeing).
(Concerning the Ace. with the
Infin.,
comp. Synt.
deum mundum gubemare (we know
Credo,
pleases thee).
meum
consilium
tibi
Credo, fratrem pingere.
castra munire.
placere
§ 105.)
God governs
believe that
meum
probaturos esse.
itum coerciturum
esse.
cives sperant, milites
?
Constat,
the
plan
Quis nes-
Credo, te dormisse.
Ciceronem Spero, vos
Credimus, ducem temeritatem mil-
Puto, patrem eras scripturum esse.
urbem
my
Audimus, hostes ante urbem
Audivi, milites nostrosacerrime pugnasse.
conjurationem Catilinae detexisse.
I believe, that
that
(I
Socratem semper virtutis praeceptis paruisse
consilium
defending) themselves
The enemies come wishing
hear what the friend has written thee.
By
(=
Boys, who
boys, to obtain goods, ever about to please.
The enemies came wishing
world).
Mi-
Souls, not seeing themselves,
who defend
bravely against the enemies, are jjraised.
Scimus,
vi-
est
Cupi-
Liberi parentes suos colore debent.
soldiers fighting entered the city.
(=
Sensus
Obediendum
vivendi.
est ars
Venio auditu-
utilissima est.
custodire debent.
see other [things].
difficult.
alia
Hostes,
Hostes urbem nostram expugnare student.
debemus.
ditates coercere
The
Ars navigandi
Sapientia
est.
praeceptis virtutis.
cit,
of all
Sapiens bona semper placitu-
castra muniverunt.
pater scripserit.
dendi acerrimus
to see
to restrain.
Animus, se non videns,
intravii.
Hostes veniunt, urbem obsidione cincturi.
ra laudat
The
difficult
city is difficult to guard.
Miles, se fortiter contra hostes defendens, laudatur.
cernit.
lites
The
beautiful to look at
Lead,
An unripe grape is pun-
us.
rashness of the soldiers was
Gerund and
h) Participle,
walk with
to
Thou
[things].
Say, what thou hast written.
shouldst restrain the passions.
50.
[^
Omnes
custodituros esse.
thou approvest
I believe, that the father writes.
my
plan.
I
know,
I believe, that
that
you obey me.
the boy sleeps.
The
$
PASSIVE VOICE.
51.]
128
my
brother relates to me, that thou hast approved
have
We
that the father has written.
lieve,
fortified
a
camp
fight spiritedly.
plan.
the rashness of the soldiers.
that the general has restrained
before the
have heard, that the enemies
I believe, that the
city.
soldiers will
hope, that the plan will please thee.
I
We hear, We be-
All
Romans
hoped, that Cicero would detect the conspiracy of Catiline.
I
hope,
that I shall soon hear this news.
LXVI. Words Despero augeo,
to be
I despair.
].
ctum
xi,
2.
to
[fU.
etum 2. to exi, ectum 3.
oppleo, evi,
i)
i,
extemplo,
adv.
imme-
diately.
n.
pur- strenue, adv. vigorous'-
/
diffi-
ly.
postquam,
culty.
conj.
ajler
thai.
um, sudden.
and Future Passive of
Laudor, exerceor, ducor, erudior.
all the
Conjugations.
Laudaris, exerceris, duceris, eru-
Laudatur, exercetur, ducitur, eruditur.
Laudabar, exercebar,
Laudabare, exercebare, ducebare, erudiebare.
erudiebar.
ducebar,
translation.
naturalis, e, natural.
3. to live.
difficultas, atis,
Indicative Present, Imperfect
diris.
3.
pose.
subitus, a,
to discover.
nctum
ctum
/ frighten propositum,
from. conspicio,
and Exercises for
tojoin^ connect. vivo, xi,
increase, enrich.
deterreo 2.
learned
jungo, nxi,
Laudabatur, exercebatur, ducebatur, erudiebatur.
Laudabor, exerce-
Laudabere, exercebere, ducere, erudiere.
bor, ducar, erudiar.
Lau-
dabitur, exercebitur, ducetur, erudietur.
We are praised, we are exercised, we are led, we are instructed. You are praised, you are exercised, you are led, you are instructed. They are praised, they are exercised, they are led, they are instructed. We were praised, we were exercised, we were led, we were instructYou were praised, you were exercised, you were led, you were ed. instructed. They were praised, they were exercised, they were led, they were instructed. We shall be praised, we shall be exercised, we shall be led, we shall be instructed. You will be praised, you will be exercised, you will be led, you will be instructed. They will be praised, they will be exercised, they will be led, they will be instructed.
Quum
in litteris
exercemur, animi nostri multarum rerum utilium
cognitione augentur.
Quum
subito periciiio terremur,
extemplo de salute nostra desperare.
Quoad
litteris
Graeci et Latini scriptores in scholis legentur. vixeris,
Quum
ab omnibus
diligere.
Virtutis
non debemus
honos suus
Si
erit,
semper bene
honos nulla oblivione
delebitur.
urbs ab hostibus oppugnabatur, a civibus acriter defendebatur.
PARALLEL EXERCISES OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
124
When
you are exercised
the kno.wledge of
(abl.)
ed by
(abl.)
your souls are enriched by
in literature,
many
51.
[§
When
useful things.
thou art frighten-
a sudden fear, thou shouldest not immediately despair of
The Greek and
thy safety.
Latin writers are read in the schools.
always have lived well, you will be esteemed by
you
shall
city
which was assaulted by the enemies, was defended
If
The
all.
spiritedly
by
the citizens.
and
k) Subjunctive Present
Imperfect Passive of all the Conjugations,
Pater curat, ut ego bene educer strenue exercear, probe excolar,
dil-
Curo, ut bene educere, strenue exerceare, probe exco-
igenter erudlar.
Curo, ut puer bene educetur, strenue exer-
lare, diligenter erudiare.
ceatur, probe excolatur, diligenter erudiatur.
Pater curabat, ut ego bene educarer, strenue exercerer, probe excolerer, diligenter erudirer.
Curabam,
bene educarere, strenue exercerere, probe excolerere,
ut
Curabam, ut
igenter erudirere.
filius
dil-
tuus bene educaretur, strenue
exerceretur, probe excoleretur, diligenter erudiretur.
Our
father looks out [for this], that
we may be
well brought up,
Your
vigorously exercised, properly cultivated, carefully instructed.
you may be well brought up, vigorously
father looks out [for this], that
exercised, properly cultivated, carefully instructed.
manners of
[for this], that the
Parents look out
[their] children (liberi)
may be improved,
[their]
bodies vigorously exercised, [their] minds properly cultivated,
[their]
understandings carefully instructed.
this], that
we
Your
ly cultivated, carefully instructed.
that
manners of
exercised, [their]
Quis studiis
nescit,
[their]
father looked out [for this],
The
quam
augeantur?
Lacedaemoniorum
juventus.
nostri
in litterarum
exercitus noster ab hostibus vinca-
leges id spectabant, ut laboribus erudiretur
est,
ut a te diligar.
Cives metuunt, ne castra ab
urbem muniantur.
doubt not, that the soul
in the study
bodies
cives metuebant, ne urbs ab hostibus obsidione cingere-
Curae mihi
hostibus ante
fructibus animi
praeclaris
Omnes
this], that
[their]
cultivated, [their] understandings instructed.
Timemus, ne
tur.
parents looked out [for
children might be improved,
minds
tur.
I
out [for
you might be well brought up, vigorously exercised, properly cul-
tivated, carefully instructed.
the
Our father looked
might be well brought up, vigorously exercised, proper-
of
literature.
quered by the enemies.
may be
We
enriched with
feared, that our
(abl.)
excellent fruit
army might be con-
All citizens fear, that the city
rounded by the enemies with
(abl.)
a blockade.
We
may be
sur-
look out [for
PASSIVE VOICE.
$51.] this], that the
Indicative
We
instructed in (abl.) labors.
The
be esteemed by you.
camp might be
that a
1)
may be
youth
we may
ious, that
125
fortified
by the enemies before the
and Subjunctive
Perfect, Pluperfect
are anx-
apprehended,
citizens
city.
and Future
Perfect
Passive of aU the Conjugations.
MiHtes ob fortitudinem a duce laudati sunt. Oculi tenuissimis membranis a natura
est.
Pueri in litterarum
Conjuratio Catilinae a Cicerone detecta
studiis gnaviter exerciti sunt.
militum a duce fortissimo coercitae sunt.
vestiti
Cupiditates
sunt.
Tria bella atrocissima gesta
sunt inter Romanos et Carthaginienses. Quum rex urbem intrabat, omnium civiura domus coronis et floribus vestltae et ornatae erant. Maximo incendio tota fere urbs absumpta erat. Vix acies a Caesere instructa erat, quum hostes in unum locum convolaverunt. Non eris dives, nisi divitiae a te
Non
contemptae erunt.
prius dormiemus,
eritis, nisi
quam
munita, erunt, milites se ad
quadam
naturaii
castris in
I
Die mihi, quid
tibi
have been tormented by
(abl.)
mies have been frightened by lia^-been loved
and esteemed by
been soothed by
(abl.)
quum
a sorore scriptum lenitus
Metuo, ne milites subito periculo
sit.
Multae urbes ab
erant,
territi sint.
all.
sudden
The
our consolation.
I
fear.
sick
The
mind of
upright
the boys have been (subj.) punisLed by you.
I
know
had been frightened by
not what
fear, that (ne)
the city
my
We
(abl.) tlie
the friend has
The
why
apprehended,
that,
know
sudden danger.
(ante) the
gates of the city.
business (plur.) shall be concluded I will go to walk.
soon as the enemies shall be seen,
we
will get ready for battle.
by the conflagration, many houses had been cities
So I
We feared, that, consumed. We fear, that
doubt not, that riches have been despised by thee.
many
sol-
not,
I
may have been written you by the sister. We may be encompassed by (abl.) a blockade. The
enemies were discovered (perf ) before After
en-
man
doubt not, that the passions
been led out of the camp by the general.
(ne) the soldiers
The
the most pungent pains.
(abl.)
Die
sit.
Die, cur puer
sit.
of the soldiers have been restrained by the bravest general. diers have
milites a
Metuebamus, ne urbs ab hostibus
qua consolatione aeger amici animus
punitus
Beati non
Simulac castra
Labor voluptasque
expedient.
Vix hostes conspecti
aciem educti sunt.
obsidione cincta esset. nobis,
pugnam
inter se juncta sunt.
societate
hostibus combustae sunt.
duce e
negotia vestra finita erunt.
cupiditates vestrae a vobis coercitae erunt.
have been burned up by the enemies. 11*
v4.
* •
!
PARALLEL EXERCISES OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
126
m)
O
Imperative, Infinitive
and
Participle Passive
of
all the
[^
51.
Conjugations.
puer, bene educare, strenue exercere, probe excolere, diligenter
erudire
O
!
puer, bene educator, strenue exercetor, probe excolitor,
diligenter eruditor
Puer bene educator, strenue exercetor, probe exSi quid peccaveris, aequo animo castigare.
!
colitor, diligenter eruditor.
Ne rerum difficultatibus a Ne vincimini cupiditatibus.
proposito deterremini
O
Temeritas ratione coercetor.
bi puniuntor.
in litterarum studiis
Bonus
!
!
Deus
pie colitor
Impro-
Leges divinae ne contemnuntor.
puer, strenue exercere
Boni
discipulus studet laudari.
disci-
Sapientes semper ratione
puli student exerceri in litterarum studiis.
regi student.
Bonus
Puer, bene
discipulus litterarum cognitione erudiri studet.
educatus, omnibus placet.
Hostes
Homo eruditus non
obsidione cincta, multis malis vexatur.
sed etiam
prodest.
aliis
Urbs,
in castris manent.
territi
solum
sibi,
Pueri bene educandi, strenue exercendi, probe
excolendi, diligenter erudiendi sunt.
Scimus, ante
mundum
urbem
Speramus, vos rerum
tectam esse.
tum non
O
Audimus, castra ab hostibus
a deo gubernari.
Constat, conjurationem Catilinae a Cicerone de-
muniri.
difficultatibus a proposito deterri-
iri.
boys, be ye well brought up, vigorously exercised, properly culti-
vated, carefully instructed
O
!
boys, you should be well brought up,
vigorously exercised, properly cultivated, carefully instructed
Boys
!
should be well brought up, vigorously exercised, properly cultivated, If you shall have committed a fault in anything
carefully instructed.
Be thou not frightened from Be ye guided by (abl.) reason. Be thou not overcome by the passions. The divine law should not be despised. The impious [man] should be punished. The passions should be restrained by (abl.) reason. (quid),
be reproved with equanimity.
thy purpose by
O
(abl.)
boys, exercise yourselves
study of literature scholar seeks literature.
son.
the difficulty of the thing.
to
!
Good
exercise himself
The wise [man]
Good
{= he
ye exercised) vigorously in the
scholars seek to be praised.
{=
to
seeks, always to be governed
scholars seek to be instructed in (abl.) the
Well-brought-up boys please
literature.
remains in the camp.
annoyed by
(abl.)
many
Cities evils.
themselves, but others also.
all.
The
encompassed by Instructed
The boy
The good
be exercised) in the study of
is to
men
by
(abl.) rea-
knowledge of
frightened
(abl.)
enemy
a blockade are
benefit not merely
be brought up well,
to
be
vigorously exercised, to be properly cultivated, to be carefully instructed*.
5
50
SECOND CONJUGATION.
52.]
127
We hear, that a camp is fortified by the enemies We hope, that the conspiracy will d| detected. We
before the
city.
believe that
we
have not been frightened from our purpose.
LXVII. Words
to be
2.
duco,
xi,
lead
gether.
jaceo, ui 2. to
lie,
Exercises for translation.
captum
machinatio,
3.
;
ctum
diuturnus,
to
3.
(as
a,
um, long
continued.
2) to believe, to
account
be in
onis, /.
machination, artijke.
to take.
hold to-
to
and
caplo, cepi,
Careo2.(c.abl.)/t^anf. haesi, hae-
cohaereo,
sum
learned
some-
um,
nefarius, a,
execra-
ble. thing). a low state. permaneo, mansi, man- caussa, ae, / a reason, stabilis, e, stable, firm. cause ; ea caussa, ob nimium, adv. too much, sum 2. to last. eam caussam,ybr this eo, adv. on this account. torpeo, ui 2. to be torpid,
nam,
reason.
inactive.
DJ Exercises to the Second Conjugation
Multa sunt admirabiha, sed
me
(that), see
Synt.
quam quod
magis,
quod civium nefariorum contra
deterruit a proposlto,
quod tuum
quod
nisi
nihil
§ 108.)
stabilis est
ita
Non ea res me machinaNon vitupero
atque tarn praeclare cohaeret ad permanendum.
tiones timebam. te,
in particular.
of the Second Conjugation.
a) Active
(Concerning the conjunction quod
mundus
conj.for.
Gaudeo, quod tu et pater tuus
tibi
consilium
maxime
placuit sibi, ducunt.
diuturnum bellum jacebant.
placet
;
valetis.
nam
plurimi nihil rectum,
Vehementer dolebdmus, quod Laudo te, quod mentem tuam
litterae
ob
in littera-
rum studio tam probe exercuisti. Omnes cives gaudent, quod duces militum cupiditates coercuerunt. Magna laude digni estis, quod malef icos deterruistis, quomlnus nefaria consilia contra
quad
tibi ipsi
rempublicam caperent. Ob eam caussam Ingens in urbe
placebas.
Haec
simos se praebuerant.
ignavia torpebatis.
non coercueras. I rejoice, that
Tu
thing has frightened
We
meo, quod
nobis ea re nocueras, quod temerltatem tuam tibi
thou and thy father were well.
I rejoiced, that
he has displeased
opinion.
displicebas,
diu floruerat, quod sem-
deterrueratis a proposito
Gaudebant parentes, quod ego
ers.
I
aliis
quod milites fortis-
placueram.
thou hast always followed the precepts of thy teach-
(eo)
courage.
civitas ed caussa
Eo me
per legibus paruerat.
laetitia erat,
rejoice,
us,
me
On
this
account
because he pleased himself too much.
from
that
my
you have maintained
praise you, that
This
purpose, that thou hast wanted (tenere)
all
well your
you had always obeyed the precepts of
;
!
!!
SECOND CONJUGATION.
128
We
your parents.
scholars in school.
The
grieve, that
1.
veto,
ui,
ha^always shown themselves
my
have grieved, that
I
we have
Words
to be
learned
persuadeo,
and si,
(c. dat.), to
to
1.
The
counsel has displeased
We
not obeyed the precepts of our parents.
I appease. itum
52.
diligent
teacher praised me, that I had obeyed his precepts.
L XVIII. Placo
60
grieve, that thou hast displeased thy teacher.
father rejoices, that [his] sons
thee.
[§
Exercises for translation,
sum
nervus,
2.
persuade^
m. nerve^
i,
sinue.
convince. impius, a, um, impious. forbid. pigritia, ae, /. slothful- nullus, a, um, no one audeo, ausus sum, ness. audere, to dare. nullus non, every one. pru- praesens, ntis, present. emineo, ui 2. to be end- prudentia, ae, dence, unsdom. nunquam, adv, never. nent.
f
jubeo, jussi, jussum 2. to bid,
Legi divinae
et
humanae omnes
enough.
secundum naturam
parfebunt, qui
Si virtutis praeceptis semper parebis, in coelum
vivere studSbunt. tibi
satis, adv.
command.
Si ignavia torpebitis, praeclaris rebus
aditus patebit.
Si virtute carebimus, bonis non placeblmus.
eminebltis.
tes vestras coercueritis, in virtutis via
nunquam
vacillabitis.
magis mentem litterarum studio exercuerit, eo magis
iis
nunquam
Si cupidita-
Quo
quia
delectabltur.
Quo
plura beneficia parentibus nostris debuerimus, eo gratiores ani-
mos
in eos habere debebimus.
praebuerint, victoria
non
erit
Si milites nostri fortes se in
The more we shall have exercised our minds in much the more shall we be delighted by
the study of litera-
ture, so
you
shall not
good men.
have obeyed the precepts of
If thou shalt have
wilt please all the good. tion to
my
pugna
dubia.
shown
virtue,
the same.
(abl.)
you
If
will not please
man, thou and consola-
thyself an upright
If I shall have afforded refuge
enemies, they will restrain their anger against me.
Vide, ne ob pigritiam a praeceptoribus castigere
!
Parete, pueri
Illud tenete, nervos atque artus esse sapientiae,
non temere credere
Impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum
Pueri mentes
!
litteris
Ut ocul us, sic animus, se non videns, alia cernit. Metus est opinio magni mali inipendentis, et aegritudo est opinio magni mali NuUi non ad nocendum satis virium est. Acerrimus ex praesentis. omnibus nostris sensibus est sensus videndi. Prudentia ex providenexercento!
do
est appellata.
parentibus parere
Lex
est recta ratio in
debent.
vehementer et placuisse,
et
Persuadeto
jubendo tibi,
et vetando.
Liberi
tuum consilium mihi
semper placiturum esse
§
50
SECOND CONJUGATION.
52.]
129
See [to it], that, on account of [your] slothf^jlness, Be silent, boys you are not censured by your teachers. Thou shouldest obey thy parents and teachers. The boy should exercise [his] mind in litera!
The impious should not dare The citizens feared the
ture.
presents.
(= about)
thing, destined
LXIX. Wards Concito
to be
I raise.
1.
appease the anger of
to
God by
Youth
threatening danger.
is
a
ever to please, never to displease.
learned
torqueo,
and
rsi,
Exercises for translation.
rtum
exercitatio,
2.
onis, f,
/ complain. exercise, practice. to twist, torment, torreputo 1. / consider. ture. seditio, 6nis,y*. sedition. commoneo 2. / remind, video, vidi, visum 2. impetus, us, m. attack. commoveo, ovi, otum to see; videor, I am ohltus, us, m. departure, ejulo
1.
2. to move. edoceo, cui,
seen, seem.
ctum
2.
death.
concordia, ae,^/tarmo-
to instruct, inform.
pristlnus, a,
diligens,
ny.
misceo, miscui, mistum
um, ybrmer. diligent.
tis,
orinixt[im,tomix,dis-
fuga, a.e,f. fight.
continuo, adv.forthivith, sedulo, adv. bibsily.
turb.
moeror,
mirif ice, adv. wonder-
perterreo
2. to
frighten,
discordia, ae,y! discord,
oris,
m. grief,
crudelitas, atis,/. crttcZ-
put in fear,
,
fully,
quoque,
ty.
con/, afoo.
b) Passive of the Second Conjugation.
(Concerning the temporal conjunction quum (when,
Quum
Quum
docemur, tacert dehemus.
Synt.
eris,
dubitahisne, quin
Quum nobiscum
?
§ 110. 1.)
Quum
concordiam omnibus modis servare dehemus.
ceatur, civium
schola diligens
bus habeare
as), see
optdmus, ne respublica misin
bonus discipulus a praeceptori-
reputamus, quantis et
quam
praeclaris
fructibus animi nostri in litterarum studiis augeantur, mirifice delecta-
Quum magnorum
mur.
gloria nos
virorum laudes legimus, optamus, ut eadem
Quum
quoque digni habeamur.
consilio co&rcebdtur, tota civitas laeta erat.
militum crudelitas ducis Litterae,
quum ob bellum
diujacuerunt, nunc, recuperata pace, eo acriore studio exercentur..
Quum
meum
urbem oppugnaverant, omnes
hostes
opplebantur.
Quum
acerbissimae
calamitatis
cives
maximo timore omne
nuntio terrebar,
collocatum esse existimdbam.
Quum
tristissimo de amici carissimi obitu nuntio graviter, commovebdre
animo,
perfugium ac solatium in
etiam nos moerore opplebdmur.
te
Quum
de culpa nostra a parentibus
commonebdmur, acerbus dolor animos nostros occupdbat. atque
litterae in civitate nostra forebunt, ejus
milites nostri de bunt.
Ne
turn
Quum
splendor augebUur.
artes
Quum
hostium adventu edocebuntur, pugnandi ardore^c^d-
quidem
ejvidbo,
quum
acerbissimis doloribus torquebor.
SECOND CONJUGATION.
130
Quum
[§
magnum
hostium impetu perterrehiminiy urbi nostrae
50
52.
periculuni
imminebit.
Quum milites seditionem condtassent, ducis consilio et virtute coemh* Quum hostes terrlti essent et jam in fugam se dareni^ dux eos Quum exercitus de hosmonuit, ut pristinae virtu tis memores essent. tium adventu edoceretur^ continue summo pugnandi ardore JlagrdvU. Ne tum quidem ejuldvi, quum acerbissimis doloribus torquerer.
sunt.
When
thou art taught, thou oughtest to be
silent.
The wise [man]
When good scholars are exercised in literature, they are delighted. When I see by how great pains thou art tortured, I am deeply {= violently) moved (commoveo). When you consider by (== with) yourselves, how many (quot) and how is
when he
happy, even
great (quantus) toils for
yoi^ good
When
(=
tortured.
is
and cares have been bestowed by your parents you ought to be moved by (abl.) gratitude.
welfare);
how actively I am exercised in the Latin language, As we were pressed by the severest (acerbus) mis- ^
thou shall see
thou wilt fortune,
rejoice.
we
placed (coUoco) our whole hope in {in with
abl.)
our friends.
enemy seemed to approach the city, each one (unusquisque) of the citizens was filled with fear. As you were informed of the arAs I read the life of rival of the enemies, you were not frightened. Agricola, I was violently moved within (animus). As thou wast tortured with severe pains, I was filled with pity. As the cruelty of the soldiers was restrained (subj.) by the wisdom
As
the
and firmness of the general, [there] was (perf) great joy in the city. As the city was assaulted (subj.) by the enemies, all the citizens were put in fear (perf) As the camp of the enemies was moved (subj.), we exulted (perf). As we were frightened from (subj.) our purpose by the difficulty of the thing, thou hast recalled us to the same.
As
I
news of the death of my friend,* thy pity was very agreeable to me. As thou se'emedst (subj.) to desert us, I was grieved (perf) very much. When the army ^all be infc«-med of the arrival of the enemies, it will burn with a desire to fight (gen. of Ger.). Wise rpen will be
was moved
(subj.)
happy, even fear
by
tfie
if
within (animus) by the sad
tortured by the bitterest pains.
attack
If thou shalt be
&f^. eneniies,
When we shall be put in
great danger will threaten our.city.
yifeious(= partaking of
virtue),
thou wilt not even
then complain, wheti thou shalt be tortured by the severest pains.
Ne rerum
difficultatibus
impetu perterremlni! Milites,
®
a proposito deterrere
!
Milites,
ne hostium
puer, strenue exercetor in litterarum studiis!
ne inani timore oppleminor!
Leges
civitatis
ne discordia
$
50
THIRD CONJUGATION.
52.]
civium miscentor
131
Territis hostibus, nostri milites victoriam reporta-
!
verunt.
Be ye thing.
enemies is
not frightened from [your] purpose by the difficulty of the
Soldiers,
The
!
known,
ened
(=
you should not be put
evil passions
in fear
by the attack of the
should be restrained by the reason.
LXX.
Words
to he
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
Versol. /fwm; versor, surgo, surrexi, surrec- perversitas,
/ turn
tum
myself^ find
sugo,
myself^ live.
confligo,
ctum
xi,
pluck
3.
off.
3.
to
go, con-
3.
to
fruit; plur. /rmV. pavor, oris, m. fright, trepidation.
protlnus, adv. forthurith. statim, adv. immediate' ly.
ut, conj. just as, as.
cem
primum
omni continuo
perversitate versamur, ut
locum
paene
cum
Ut nostri
convolaverunt.
quam amicum
hortum duxero, dicam
Uhi
poma
1.
1.
allicio, exi,
draw
litteras
scripsi,
Ut
decerpsenmus, edemus.
to he
/search 0M<,
to,
learned elicio, ui,
draw
examine.
propulso
errorem suxisse
cum
tibi,
fratre
amhuldvi.
Post-
quid pater mihi scripserit.
surrexistis, statim
ad negotia vestra
debetis.
LXXI. Words Exploro
lacte nutricis
omnes hostes in unum cum hostibus confiixerunt, magnus eos
SimUlac
accedere
summa opinionum
instruxit,
occupdvit pavor. in
Simulatque lu-
te perrexlmus.
pravitate et in
Postquam Caesar aciem
videamur.
simulac, see Synt.
nostros equltes conspexerunt, (eos) celeriter per-
Ut surreximus, proilnus ad
adspeximus, in
ut, ubi,
110, a.)
§
Hostes, uhi
in particular.
of the Third Conjugation.
(Concerning the temporal conjunctions postquam,
turhaverunt.
most.
E) Exercises to the Third Conjugation a) Active
/. per-
atis,
paene, adv. nearly,
lac, ctis, n. milk.
nutrix, ids, f. nurse.
tinue.
pravitas,
verseness, wickedness. eatable
n.
i,
atis,/. j9cr-
verseness.
ctum
xi,
pomum, ptum
pergo, perrexi, perrec-
tum
3. to arise.
suck, suck out.
3.
Ifight. decerpo, psi, to
It
powers of the body and of the soul are strengthincreased) by exercise. that all the
I repel. ectum 3. allure
;
coquo, to
but,
and
Exercises for translation.
itum
3.
out, elicit. xi,
ctum
cepi,
3. to receive, 3.
cook.
ningo, xi
recipio,
to
ceptum se reci-
pere, to hetake one^s self back.
3. to
snow.
restinguo, nxi,
nctum
;
132 3.
THIRD CONJUGATION. er^^ '
[^
50
—
52.
put coenf, ae,/. a meaL pluviosus, a, um, rmny. sollicitudo, mis,/ 5oZia- heaXe, adv. peacefully. lictiim tude. antequam, conj. before
extinguish,
to
out.
relinquo, liqui,
3. to leave behind, de-
tempestas, atis,/. w>eafA-
that, ere, before,
storm.
er,
sert.
(Concerning the particles of time
priusquam and antequam, see Synt.
:
8
110, 3.) a)
Priusquam animum tuum
rare debes, quid b)
quod
sit,
te
sollicitudlne
angas
et crudes, explo-
angat et cruciet.
Priusquam bellum atrocissimum gessimus, artes
civitate nostra floruerunt.
potentissima fuit
sumpsit,
et
in
litterae
Antequam bellum urbis nostrae opes abAntequam ninxit, tempestas fuit valde
pluviosa. c)
Non
beate vivetis, antequam
Non
tinxentis. edetisj te
quam coqua coenam
ad misericordiam
recipiet, d)
urbem
LXXII. Wards ctum
xi,
3.
draw together. demo, mpsi, mptum, to take
to describe,
stringo, inxi,
3.
point out.
ictum
touch upon,
ae, /. figure,
3.
to
(a sword).
tius, legit,
um,
as,
conj. so {as)
re-
until
long
until that,
until,
even until
known,
that.
tsundiu, adv. so long as.
:
dum, quod, donee, see Synt.
scribebam,, tu legebas, et frater ludebat.
mus, vos discebatis,
mus
e,
until,
nowned.
plur. troops.
gratus vives.
a,
as,
that.
quoad,
mathematician.
long
until that,
conj. while, so {as)
long
i,
geometrlcus, nobllis,
conj. so [as] until,
even until.
dum,
m. sword. mathematicus, i, m. gladius,
(Concerning the particles of time
ego
m. a con-
geometrical.
cop'm, ae,f. abundance
Dum
i,
translation.
donee, as,
eonjuratus,
cingerent.
exstruxissent.
spirator.
ptum
describo, psi,
draw
3.
away.
se
hostes combussissent.
and Exercises for
learned
figura,
quam
domum
obsidione
eam
form.
to
to
urbem
priusquam
priusquam aggerem
to be
relinquent,
illi
elicuerit.
liberaverunt,
obrepsit hostibus,
te
res-
Non prius
Exercitus noster non prius
Hostes propidsati sunt, antequam
Contraho,
cupiditatum ardorem
Non prius
coxerit.
allexerint.
quam hostes ad pugnam
Milites nostri
Dies
omninm
dives eris, jsnWg-uam divitias contempseris.
et sorores
Homines, dum
mathematicus,
dum
pingebant.
Quoad
docent, discunt.
in pulvere figQras
totam urbem cinxerat.
Dum
110. 4, 5.)
nos canebd-
omnibus
Archimedes,
tuis
nobilissi-
georaetricas descrlbit atten-
Syracusae a Romanis expugnatae sunt. conjurati gladios strinxerant.
Dum vives,
§
Dum
dux aciem
consul
litteras
instrUit, hostis
Cicero omni quiete abstinuit, donee Catilinae
;
;
$
50
THIRD CONJUGATION.
52.]
conjurationem
Exspectamus, dtim nobis
detexisset.
Milites cupide expectabant,
tes scripserint.
133 dicdtis,
dum dux
quid paren-
se e castris con-
Tamdiu interrogasii, quoad omnem meam sentenTamdiu manebo, dum omnem sollicitudinem tibi demp-
tra hostes educeret.
tiam
elicuisti.
sero.
While I was singing, thou wast learning, and the sister was paintWhile we were writing, you were reading, and the brothers were playing. So long as Cicero lived, he occupied himself with ing.
So long as I live, I shall be mindWhile the general arranged the army in order of battle, the enemies had drawn together all [their] forces. Wait, until we tell you, what the father has written. The general waited, until the enemies had placed the army in order of battle. I waited, until thou saidst to me what the father had written. As soon as I had arisen (perf ), I went (perf immediately to you. After Caesar had led out (perf.) the soldiers, the enemies arranged [their] army in order of battle. As soon as we shall have written, we will take a walk with you. As soon as thou art arisen, thou oughtest [navo operam ful
dat.) literature.
c.
of this kindness.
)
to
go (accedere) forthwith
drawn together (perf
Thou
)
to thy business.
their troops,
Before the enemies had
Caesar had captured (perf) the
city.
wilt not live peacefully, before thou shalt have extinguished the
ardor of
moved (=
You
passions.
all
My
spised riches.
will not
be
rich, before
you
have de-
shall
friend will not leave thee, before he shall have
Our
sympathy.
allured, cdlicere) thee to
soldiers will not
betake themselves home, before that they have allured the enemies to
Before
battle.
we
mind with solicitude, we which vexes and troubles us. Tho before they had arranged the army in
trouble and torpient our
ought to,inquife what
[it]
enemies were repelled
may
(perf),
be,
Night overtook (perf)
order of battle.
us, before
we had
extinguished
the conflagration.
L XXIII.
Words
/
separate,
Separo
1.
to he
benefacio,
do
factum sermo,
feci,
well.
circumspicio,
spectum
3.
to
look
3.
(c.
Exercises for translation. m.
I reproach. 3. 1foretell. €ri,
onis, m. conver-
afFabilitas, atis, /. qffability.
comltas, atis,/. courtedat.)
praedico vesper,
oris,
sation, speech.
spexi,
around, regard.
maledico
fabricator,
and
framer.
divide.
3. to
learned
ousness. facultas, atia,f.foLCulty
plur. means.
m. evening.
12
arcanus,
a,
um,
arcanum,
i.
secret
n.
a
secret.
ceteri, ae, a, the rest
perfectus, a,
um,
per-
fed. ante, adv. before, rather.
quantop^re, adv. how much. simpliciter, adv. simply.
THIRD CONJUGATION.
134
[^
50
52.
Mihi crede, nunquam vir perfectus fortimae Fac, lit ante circumspicias, quiNimium ne crede colori buscum edas et bibas, quam quid edas et bibas! Die, quid patri scripseris O stulte, ne praedic futura Ne credlte mendaribus Pueri,
urbem absumpsit.
Ignis
maledixit.
!
Puer
!
concordiae consulunto
tis
mos hominurn amicus mihi
in schola attendito
dicenti,
separavit a ceteris animalibus,
quam
se inter
quid
dicturus,
Ex
dicendi facnltate.
cendo maxima ad nos redundat voluptas.
rum
tibi
Deus, fabricator mundi, nulla re magis homi-
scripserit.
cendo animos nostros
Mendaci homini, ne
Venio
credere solemus.
Principes civita-
!
quantopere conciliet ani-
Difficile dictu est,
!
comltas afFabilltasque sermonis.
verum quidem
nem
!
!
!
strenue litteras discitote
dis-
Optiraus est orator, qui
di-
Mores puero-
et docet, et delectat, et permovet.
ludendum simplicius detegunt. Hominis mens discendo Tamdiu discendum est, quamdiu vivas. Pulchrum
et cogitando alitur.
Scisne, patrem scrpisisse
est e virtute (conformably to virtue) vivere.
Quis
na
scit,
se
ad vesperum esse victurum ?
?^
Speramus, nos vobis arca-
elicituros esse.
Trust ye not too
Eat and drink thou, moderately.
Do
thou well to try friends.
thee.
what the
Tell me,
Boy, thou shouldst zealously learn
be attentive in school.
It is
incredible
to
much
to color.
father has written
The boys should
literature.
say (Sup. in
how
u),
bravely
Lying men we are not
our soldiers have fought with the enemies.
even accustomed to believe, when they tell the truth (part.). We mrgp, in order to tell (= wishing to tell) thee, what our brothers have written (subj.) us.
By
and
teachers.
y LXXIV. Words Urgeo,
ursi,
ursum
learned
to be
2.
3.
to
.
and
break
;
conjungo, nxi, nctum
frigo,
join {together).
xi,
ctum
mola 3.
to
expingo, pinxi, pictum, insculpo, psi, ptum 3. to engrave. 3. to paint out, draw. fingo, finxi, fictum 3. ungo, xi, ctum 3. to
desum,
fui,
c.
dat.
to
mola, ae, /.
mi'W.
vigilantia,
ae, /.
[lance.
vigi-
gladiator, oris, m. fencer,
novus,
gladiator. a,
um, new.
profecto, adv. surely.
anoint.
frango, fregi, fractum
wanting ; neglect.
roast, parch.
to form, feign.
.
Exercises for translatwn.
frangere, to grind.
to press, oppress.
3. to
them-
diligently learning (gerund), scholars acquire for
selves the approbation of [their] parents
esse, to he
quoniam,
conj. because.
b) Passive of the Third Conjugation. quoniam, (Concerning the conjunctions: quod, quia, qiwniam, §11J.)
Quia semper e
virtutis
praeceptis
vixisti,
(h (heca.use), see
ab omnibus
diligeris.
Synt
Ci-
^
50
ves
THIRD CONJUGATION.
52.*!
summa
sumptae
inopia urgebantur, quia
Quoniam de hac
erant.
ad novam. vigilantia
omnes eorum
re satis
dictum
Cicero pater patriae appellatus detecta
conjuratio Catilinae
135
est,
facultates bello ab-
quod ejus
Omnes
est.
jam accedamus
est,
oi^^es-
consilio et
angebantur,
quia metuebant, ne urbs ab hostibus obsidione cingeretur.
Multae fabulae a poetis
Apud Homerum omnia Omnibus
descripta sunt, ut quasi expicta videantur.
animo quasi insculptum
in
fecto laudanda,
cum
quae conjuncta
Cave, ne
Non
Si ceditis, metuo, fte"*vincamini.
Quum
yor occnpavit. noster,
dum
mag-
!
a duce e castris
Timebamus, ne exercitus
quam
ut a te diligar.
dubito, quin fortiter a militibus
milites nosiri conspicerentur, hostes ingens pa-
Quoad honeste
quoad bonus dux
temnemini,
fallarj^
quae
obsidione cingebatur,
Nihil magis mihi curae est,
noster vinceretur.
Omnia suntprocum vitiis (so.
deum.
esse
Milites cupide exspectant,
contra hostes educantur.
defendamur.
est,
virtute sunt, et,
Quoad urbs
conjuncta sunt), vituperanda.
no metu angebamur.
Gladiatores uncti decertabant
sunt.
fictae
ita
non
diligere.
Exercitus
Ab omnibus
vincetur.
Quamdiu
vestris deerltis.
si officiis
omnibus
vives,
ei praeerit,
tu aberis,
ego de
con-
te an-
Si tam fortiter pugnare pergemus, non vincemur. Postquam hostes conspecti erunt, nostri milites e castris educentur. Postquam hordeum frictum erit, molis fragetur. Ubi poma decerpta
gar et cruciabor.
erunt, a nobis edentur.
Take reason.
care
(=
be on thy guard), that thou
I fear tliat(ne)I shall
nothing than that that
we
shall
we
shall be
be deceived.
We
I
art
It
was
happens
often
not troubled without
We are
more anxious
(accidit), that
the good
troubled, because I feared that I should
feared that the city would be burnt up by the enemies.
All desired (opto), that the conspirators might be discovered.
ed anxiously, until
for
If we give way, I fear
esteemed by you.
be conquered.
are injlired by the bad.
be deceived.
we were
led against the enemies.
not doubt, that we should be conquered.
We wait-
The enemies
Why didst thou fear, that
did
thou
was surrounded by a So long as the enemies were seen, our [soldiers] remained in the camp. So long as the war was carried on, literature was in a low state. So long as the enemies besieged the city, we were troubled with great fear. As, lately,
shouldst be injured by us
?
So long
as the city
blockade, you were oppressed with great want.
thou wast sick, thou wast very to fight so bravely,
you
much
will not
long as you shall be absent,
we
troubled.
If
you
shall continue
be conquered by the enemies.
shall
So
be troubled concerning (de) you.
Thou wilt be despised by all, if thou shalt neglect {desum) thy duties. Our soldiers will not be conquered, so long as a good general shall
;
THIRD CONJUGATION.
136
Homer
preside over them.
soon as the
When
LXXV.
I perform,
1.
praesto,
itum or
atum
1.
adduco
ctum
xi,
color,
lead
3. to
ctum
xi,
tum 3.
to
comb, adorn.
3.
to
obsessio, 6ms, f. siege. faclnus, oris, n. deed,
foul deed. appetitus, us, m. desire,
ele-
"
consume.
conveho,
ctum
xi,
offortune.
nitidus, a,
sight, providence.
together. xi,
um,
ctum
curriculum,
3.
i,
neig-^-
boring.
um,
splendid,
bring providentia, ae,f.fore- innumerabilis,
to bear together,
destruo,
um, diverse,
different.
finitlmus, a,
miseria, ae, f. misery, want.
3.
longing.
diversus, a,
consumo, mpsi, mptum ]uxuria, ae,f. luxury. 3. to
gain, ad-
n.
i,
timation, opinion.
ae, /. /orfwne
plur. gifts
with the
existimatio, onis,/. c«-
3.
gance.
move.
como, compsi, comp- fortuna,
As
vantage.
form.
elegantia, ae, /.
to,
will fight
it
draw asunder,
tingo,
to.
52.
walk with you.
lucrum,
.3.
waste.
dat.) to
(c.
be superior
50
Exercises for translation.
ctum
xi,
distraho, to
iti,
will take a
draw away, remove.
to
perpetrate.
and
learned
to he
/ man- detraho,
age,
perpetro
we
be led out from the camp,
shall
Words 1.
[§
always be read in the schools.
will
be written,
letter shall
army
the
Administro
rnnw-
e,
merable.
n. circuit,
tantopere, adv. so much,
course.
to destroy.
Ne
Regere ratione! sed
;
virtutis studio
angltor,
regimlnor
amice!
Animi
!
O
cives,
ne
lucri cupiditate,
appetitus ratione reguntor
Ju-
!
morumque elegantia tinctus, omnibus placebit. Comomnes cives maxima miseria vexantur. Romani multis
v^nis, litterarum
busta urbe,
rebus praeclare gestis
summam sibi comparaverunt gloriam.
ta virtute, vita beata nulla
luxuriam consumptis
Dempta omni
est.
et distractis,
reliquam vitam miserrime agunt.
sollicitudine, laetitiae
Terso genere dicendi nitidus contra hostes eduxit.
fuit
Cofttemp-
Multi homines, omnibus fortunis per
et
Frumento ex
indulgeamus
comptus. finitlmis
Isocrates in di-
!
Aciem instructam dux regionibus in urbem con-
vecto, cives urbis obsessionem acquis animis exspectaverunt
contractis copiis in to gladio,
dux
unum
milites contra hostes eduxit.
multis malis urgetur.
Gloria detracta, quid
igiio vitae curriculo tantis
Caesar,
locum, hostium impetum exspectavit.
Stric-
Urbs, obsidione cincta, est,
quod
nos in laboribus exerceamus
in
hoc tam ex-
?
Si bona existimatio divitiis praestat, et pecunia tantopere expetitur
quauto gloria magis est expeteuda
Certum Quis
est,
universum
mundum
ignorat, innumerabiles
!
Justitia propter sese
colenda
est.
divina providentia regi et administrari.
urbes a Romanis destruclas esse
}
Om-
;
[^
50
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
52.
nes sciunt, viros bonos
137
nimquam spe mercedis adductum
iri,
ut facimis
aliquod perpetrent.
Be thou not conquered by the passions. Be ye governed by reason. Thou shouldst not be governed by the desire of gain, but by the purYou should not be troubled, friends. The divine law suit of virtue. Parents should be honored by children.
should not be despised.
hope
tions of Isocrates
were splendid and adorned.
The
I
ora-
soldiers believed,
The
enemies would be drawn together.
that the troops of the
The
be taken away from thee.
that all solicitude will soon
soldiers
having been led out of the camp, fought (perf ) bravely with the eneIn Homer,
mies.
Who
painted out. loith
we
see
all
things not described, but, as
does not know, that
each other (inter se).
LXXVI. Words
I
to be
all
hope, that you will be led to
learned
were,
it
the virtues are connected
and Exercises for
my
views.
translation.
/ taste. gestio 4. / demean mym£nt ; plur. demencontingo, tlgi, tactum tary principles. self, am transported. 3. to touch ; contin- sepelio, ivi, ultum 4. aequltas, atis, /. equity. git, it falls to my lot. jucunditas, atis, /. deI inter, hury.
Degusto,
1.
servio 4.
licet 2. it is permitted.
minuo,
ui,
utum 3. / di-
minish, Tnake fastidio,
4.
hility,
less.
(c.
ace.)
/ serve.
lightfulness,
iracundia, ae,/. irasd-
accuratus,
anger.
/ numerus,
i,
m. number
2) harmony, rhythm,
feel disgust, spurn.
elementum,
i,
n.
agreea-
hleness. a,
um,
accu-
a,
um,
rate.
grammaticus, grammatical.
eZe-
F) Exercises to the Fourth Conjugation in Particular. Sic vive cum hominibus, tanquam deus videat Cave, ne et videt. tanquam parva fastidias grammatica elementa! Philosophiae servire debemus, ut nobis contingat vera libertas. Nullus dolor est, quem non ;
longinquitas temporis minuat ac molllat.
quam
ut
Nihil magis mihi curae obediam praeceptis magistrorum meorum.
est,
Quum milites nostri castra muniebant, hostes aciem instruebant. Dum urbem nostram custodiebamus, hostis eam oppugnare non audebat.
Celeritas
equltum nostrorum impediebat, quominus hostis se ad
pugnam expediret. Quum milites ducem sepelirent, ingens luctus omnium animos occupavit. Litterae tuae mihi tam gratae fuerunt, ut laetitia plane gestirem. Semper operam navavimus, ut orationem nostram verborum numerorumque jucunditate condiremus. Nihil vos impedivimus,
cur tantopere
quominus negotia vestra
laetitia gestires.
Scisne, cur
Nescio, unde hunc nuntium audiveritis.
12*
finiretis.
Nescivi,
hunc puerum puniv^rim?
Dicam
tibi,
cur
domum
nos-
!
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
138
tram coronis ornaverinius
vestiverimus.
et
50
52.
Die, cur ferierltis
hunc
[§
puerum. Placebas praeceptoribus
Vix
di^ras.
Jam
est.
mos
laetitia
nostros
gestieramus,
summo moerore
vissent et esurivissent,
Quum
tuis,
semper eorum praeceptis obe-
quia
milites nostri castra munierant,
hostis se
quum
quum
hostis conspectus
repente tristissimus nuntius ani-
Quum
opplevit
ne nocte quidem
totum diem
milites
quieti indulgere
ad pugnam expedivisset, milites nostri
siti-
licuit.
iis
gestie-
laetitia
runt.
Non
fastidies,
rabis.
quam
prius dormiam,
nunquam accuratam
serviturus esses.
Quum
finivero.
exercitus
Si grammatica elementa
linguae Latinae cognitionem
Si quid novi audiverimus,
dubitabam, quin,
mea
negotia
ad pugnam expedlet.
castra muniverit, se
curabimus, ut brevi
tibi
compa-
Non
sciatis.
semel philosophiam degustavisses, toto animo ei Ne garri, puer! Audite, pueri: si praeceptoribus
si
vestris obedieritis, a parentibus vestriiS praemiis ornabimini dito praeceptoribus
Homo
!
ne
servito cupiditatibus
!
Puer obe-
Milites
!
urbem
custodiunto
Puer, in scholis garriens, molestus
animo philosophiae esse fastidituros. ii,
servisse
?
Prohibenda
Bonus
est.
praeceptis magistrorum obedire studet.
Quis
Spero, vos grammatica elementa non est ira in
puniendo.
qui praesunt rei publicae, legum similes
non
semper Ciceronem toto
discipiilus
nescit,
iracundia, sed aequitate ducuntur.
sint,
Optandum
est, ut
quae ad puniendum
Legendi semper occasio
est,
audiendi non semper.
Terra
bus
Urbs a Speramus, urbem a militibus custoditum iri.
vestita est floribus, herbis, arboribus, frugibus.
custoditor.
To good
parents, nothing
than that they
may
is
a source of greater care
[est
with dat),
instruct their children in (abl.) literature.
your guard, boy, that thou dost not chatter
!
I
militi-
Be on
punished the boy, be-
cause he chattered. As the enemies were discovered, our soldiers were transported with (abl.) joy. So long as I was in school, I was anxious (= it was for a care to me), that I might obey the precepts of
my teachers. Many with their whole soul, have given themselves up (= served) philosophy. Often already has length of time abated
to
the severest sufferings.
We
have kept
in
memory
the precepts of our
teachers.
Tell me,
whence
thoigjgaaj^ heard this news.
teachers have punished/lfejj^s with
hungered and ready for
thirsted the
battle,
when
I
(abl.) justice.
whole day.
doubt not, that the
The
soldiers
had
Scarcely had our soldiers got
the enemies were discovered (perf .).
As
the
§
50
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
52.]
king entered into the
city, all
139
the citizens had adorned
(^
clothed) the
The soldiers did not doubt, that the [their] camp. I knew not whence thou
houses with flowers and garlands.
enemies had already
fortified
^
hadst heard this news.
The good will
abate
kept in
you
will
always obey the principles of virtue.
thy
suflTering.
(abl.)
will
The
remembrance.
Length of time
precepts of our teachers are always
When
be transported with joy.
you
If
we
shall shall
have heard
principles of virtue, the approach to heaven will stand
Serve wisdom, not the passions. shouldst not rage against [in
c.
Do
ace.) the
should obey [your] teachers and parents.
not
The
The
to the teacher.
Soldiers ought (oportet) to guard the
We
fortified the
city.
A
O
to us.
boys. soldier.
Thou You
should not serve
boys, who chatter (part.) in school, are troublesome
length of time will abate thy suffering.
guard the
news,
scholar should keep
Men
their passions.
enemies have
open
chatter,
enemies,
the principles of his teacher in remembrance.
this
always have obeyed the
camp ?
thoughtless boy
must (gerund) serve
virtue.
We is
city.
I
hope that
Hast thou heard, that the
come
difficult
in order to (sup. in
um)
to instruct (sup. in u).
DEPONENTS OF THE POUR CONJUGATIONS.
140
[§53. § 53.
DEPO
Of the four 1.
Hortor, hoxXatus sum, hortdri. Characteristic
:
Characteristic
Subjunctive.
Indicative. hortor, I exhort
I.
horte-r, I
may
:
vereri.
e long.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Present.
I.
sum,
II. Vereor, vexltus
a long.
Present.
ex- vereor, I rever-
vere-dr, I
may
rev-
erence verc-ri5, thou rev- verg-dHs(c) thou mayest rev. erencest
ence
hort hoxid-ris^ thou ex- horte-ri5(e), thou hortest. mayest exhort hortd-iwr, he, she, horte-fwr, he, she,
vere-fwr,
he,
she, vere-diar, he, she,
it may exhort it may reverence exhorts it reverences hortd-mwr, we ex- hortc-wmr, we may yere-mur^ we rev- veve-dmur, we may reverence hort exhort erence hortd-?»?wf , you ex- horte-rn?ni, you vere-mini, you rev- vere-dw^ni.) you may exhort hort may- reverence ence horta-ntwr, they ex- horte-Kiitr, they \ere-nlur^ they rev- vere-antur, they hort may exhort. may rev-erence. erence it
II. Imperfect.
II. Imperfect.
hortd-^dr, I exhort- hortd-rer, I might ed, was exhorting exhort hoTtd-bdris{e), thou horid-rer1.s(e), thou exh., wast exh. mightest exhort hortd-^dZwr,he, she, hortd-reiwr, he,she, it exh., was exh. it might exhort hortd-^dmur, hortd-rcr/mr, we exh., were exh. might exhort
w
'
you hortd-remiwi, you might exhort
hortd-^/drnint,
exh., were exh. hortd-bantur, they exh., were exh. III.
horidrentur, they
might exhort.
Future [Indicative).
vere-iflr, I reveren- vere-rcr,
might thou
mightest rev. r vere-bdtur, he, she, vere-retur, he, she, it might rev. it rev. was rev. vere-bdmur^we rev. vere-rcmwr, we might reverence were rev. vere-bdmini^ you yeie-rem1,ni, you might reverence rev. were rev. \ere-bantur., they yere-rentur, they might reverence. rev. were rev.
reverenc'dst,wast
^
III.
hortd-bor, I shall exhort hortd-bSris{e), thou wilt exhort horid-bitur^ he, she, it will exhort hortd-bimur., we shall exhort hoi id- biminii^ you will exhort hortd-buntur, they will exhort.
I
reverence ced, was rev. yere-bdris(e), thou yeTe-reris{e)
Future (Indicative).^
yere-bor, I shall reverence yere-beris{e), thou wilt reverence yere-bitvr^ he, she, it will reverence yere-bimur, we shall reverence yere-himlni, you will reverence vere-buntur., they will reverence.
IV
Perfect.
a) Indicative
horta-tus, a,
um horta-ti,
ae.
sum, I have exhorted es, thou hast exhorted est, he, she, it has exhorted sumus, we have exhorted cstls, you have exhorted sunt, they have exhorted
veri-tus sum, I have reverenced a, es, thou hast reverenced est, he, she, it has reverenced
um
veri-ti,
ae,
a
sumus, we have reverenced estis, you have reverenced sunt, they have reverenced
b) Subjunctive.
may have exhorted thou mayest have ex.
horta-tus, sIm, I a,
um horta-ti, ae,
a
sis,
sV, he, she,
simus,
it
may have
ex.
we may have exhorted
you may have exhorted sint, they may have exhorted.
sltls,
may have reverenced thou mayest have rev. it may have rev sit, simus, we may have rev. sitis, you may have rev. sint, they may have rev.
veri-tus, sim, I a,
um veri-ti,
ae,
a
sis,
he, she,
y DEPONENTS OF THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS.
^53.]
141
NENTS Conjugations. III.
Fungor, funcfu5 sum, fungi. Characteristic
Characteristic
1.
fung-ari5(c), thou
mayest manage
managest
part?-or, 1 divide parti-ri5,
thou
videst
t
long.
Present. parti-or,
age fung-er?5, thou
:
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Present.
manage fung-ar,I may man-
fung-or, I
IV. Partior, pdniitus sum, parttri.
c short.
Subjunctive.
Indicative. I.
:
di-
1
may
di-
vide parti-dm(e), thou mayest divide
inng-ltur^ he, she, fung-afwr, he, she, parti-^«r, he, she, parti-d^M7-, he, she, it divides it may divide it may manage it manages partt-rnur, we di- parti-d77mr, we fung-^mwr, we fung-am^r, we may divide may manage vide manage fung-dwim, you partl-mTni, you di- psLxii-dmlniy you fung-imtni, you may divide manage may manage vide parti-aniur, they ]^a.r ti-untur, they fung-Mwf r/r, they fung-aniwr, they may divide. divide manage may manage. II. Imperfect.
11. Imperfect.
fung-ebar, I man- fung-erer, I might part?-c6a?',ldivided, parti-rer, 1 might aged, was m. manage was dividing divide fung-e/;dr/5(e),thou fung-erer is(e), thou parti-e^ttri5(e),thou partt-rem(c), thou managedst,was m. mightest manage mightest divide dividedst, was d. fung-e6diMr,he,she, f ung-ereiMr,he, she, part?-e^dZur-,he,she, parti-reZwr, he, she, itm., was m, it, might manage it divided, was d. it might divide fung-ebdmur^ we fung-eremr/r, we parti-rewwr, we psLTii-ebdmur, we managed, were m. might manage might divide divided, were d. fvLng-ebdvUni, you fung-^rer/i?/ii, you psiTii-ebdmlni, you parti-rernJm, you managed, were m. might manage divided, were d. might divide fung-ebantur, they fung-ercreiwr, they pdiTti-ebantur, they parti-rentur, they managed, were m. might manage. divided, were d, might divide. 111.
Future
III.
(^Indicative.
manage fung-m5(c), thou wilt manage fung-etur, he, she, it will manage fung-cmur, we shall manage fung-e^mm, you will manage fung-ar, I shall
fung-cTifMr, they will
Future (Indicative.)^
part?-dr, 1 shall divide parti-eri5(c), thou wilt divide parti-c^wr, he, she, it will divide parti-C7«Mr, we shall divide parti-cmim", you will divide
manage.
parti-cnfur, they will divide.
IV. Perfect. a) Indicative.
func-tus, a,
ura func-ti, ae,
a
have managed thou hast managed
5M771, I
65, est^
he, she,
it
has managed
sumus, we have managed estis^ you have managed sunt, they have managed.
partl-tus.
um partl-ti,
ae,
a
sum, I have divided es, thou hast divided est,
he, she,
it
has divided
sumus, we have divided estis, you have divided sunt, they have divided.
b) Subjunctive. partl-tus, sim, 1 may have divided may have managed a, sis, thou mayest have divided thou mayest have m. um sit, he, she, it may have d. sit, he, she, it may have m. partl-ti, simus, we may have divided simus, we may have m. ae, sitis, you may have divided sitis, you may have managed a sint, they may have divided. sint, they may have managed.
func-tus, sim, 1 a,
um func-ti,
ae,
a
sis,
DEPONENTS OF THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS.
142
[§53
V. Pluperfect. a) Indicative.
had exhorted irds., thou hadst exhorted ^rdt., he, she, it had exhorted Srdmus, we had exhorted erdtis^ you had exhorted erant, they had exhorted
horta-tus, erdm^ I a,
um horta-ti,
ae.
veri-tus, eram, I had reverenced a, eras, thou hadst reverenced erat, he, she, it had rev.
um
veri-ti,
we had reverenced you had reverenced they had reverenced.
eramus,
ae,
eratis,
a
erant,
b) Subjunctive. J might have exhorted veri-tus, essem, 1 might have rev. thou mightesthave ex. a, esses, thou mightest have rev. um e5se/,he,she,it might have ex. um es5c<,he,she,it might have re V. horta-ti, essemus, we might have ex. veri-ti, essemus, we might have rev, ae. essetis, you might have ex. ae, essetis, you might have rev, essent, they might have ex. a essent, they might have rev
horta-tus, essem, esses,
a,
vr Future
Perfect {Indicativey
horta-tus, Sro, I shall have exhorted a, erts, thou wilt have exhorted erit, he, she, it will have ex. horta-ti, erimus, we shall have ex. ae, eritls, you w ill have exhorted a irunt, they will have ex.
veri-tus, ero, I shall have reverenced eris, thou wilt have rev. erit, he, she, it will have rev veri-ti. erimus, we shall have rev. eritis, you will have rev.
Imperative.
Imperative,
um
um
erunt, they will
have rev.
hortd-re, exhort thou hoxid-t6r, thou shouldest exhort horid-tor, he, she, it should exhort
vere-re, reverence thou vere-^or, thou shouldest reverence \ere-tor, he, she, it should reverence
hortd-m?nl, exhort ye hoxtd-minor, you should exhort hortd-nfor, they should exhort.
vere-mlni, reverence ye vere-mlnor, you should reverence veve-ntor, they should reverence.
Infinitive.
Infinitive.
Pres. hortd-rl, to exhort Perf. hoxid-tus, d, ww, esse,
to
have
Pres. vere-ri, to reverence Perf. ver-Uus, a, um, esse, to have rev-
exhorted Fut.
enced
hortd-turus, d, um to will Fut. veH-turus, a, um, esse, to will exhort^, (that one) will exhort, reverence'^, (that onej will rev. Participle.
Participle.
Pres. horia-ns, exhorting Perf. hortd-«w5, d, um, having exhorted Fut. 1) Act. hovXd-lurus, d, um, intending, wishing, about to exhort Fut. 2) Pass, horiandus, d, um, what
'
Pres. were-ns, reverencing Perf. yerl-tus, a, um, having reverenced Fut. 1) Act. weri-turus, a, um, intending, wishing, about to reverence Fut. 2) Pass, vere ndus, a, um, what
should be exhorted.
should be reverenced.
Gerund.
Gerund.
N. horta-7irfi/.m est, one (we) must ex. G. horia-ndi, of exhorting, to exhort D. horia-ndo, to exhorting, to exhort A. horla-ndam (e. g. a
N. G. D. A.
vere-ndum
The Subjunctive of both
!
one (we) must rev.
yexe-ndi, of reverencing, to rev. vere-ndo, to reverencing, to rev. vere-ndum (e. g. ad), reverencing, to reverence A. vexe-ndo, by reverencing.
Supine.
Supine.
Ace. hoxid-tum, in order to exhort Abl. hortd-iw, to exhort, be exhorted. I)
est,
the futures
is
Ace. vexi-tum, in order to reverence Abl. ven-tu.to reverence, be reverenced. wanting.
See Remark
1)
and
2) to $
50.— 2) Set
DEPONENTS OF THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS.
$53.1
143
V. Pluperfect. a)
Indicative.
managed eras^ thou hadst managed erat^ he, she, it had managed eramus^ we had managed eratis, you had managed erantj they had managed
func-tus, eram^ I had a,
um func-ti, 'ae,
a
partl-tus, eram, I had divided eras, thou hadst divided
urn
erat, he, she, it
partl-ti,
ae.
eramus, eratis,
erant,
we had
had divided divided
you had divided they had divided.
b) Subjunctive.
func-tus, essem,
1
might have managed
thou mightest have m. esset, he,she, it might have m essemus, we might have m. esscds, you might have m. essentj they might have m.
uin func-ti, ae,
a
might have divided thou mightest have d. esset, he,she, it might have d. esseinus, we might have d. essetis, you might have d. essent, they might have d.
partl-tus, esserrij 1 esses^
a,
esses,
a,
um partl-ti,
ae.
VI. Future Perfect (Indicative). func-tus, !cro, I shall have managed partl-tus, ero, 1 shall have divided a, a, eris, thou wilt have divided eris, thou wilt have managed um erit, he, she, it will have man. um crit, he, she, it will have d partl-ti, erimus, we shall have divided func-ti, erimuSj we shall have man.
you will have man. erunt, they will have man.
ae,
you will have divided erunt, they will have divided
ae,
eritis,
a
eritis,
a
Imperative.
Imperative. fung-^rc, manage thou fung-itor, thou shouldest manage fung-i^or, he, she, it should manage i'ung-imini, manage ye
fung-trnmor, you should manage i'ung-untor, they should manage.
thou thou shouldest divide pa.rti-tor, he, she, it should divide pa,rti-mlni, divide ye parti-mwior, you should divide psitti-untor, they should divide. parti-re, divide parii-tur,
Infinitive.
Pres. fung-z, to manage Perf. func-
Infinitive.
Pres. partl-ri, to divide Perf. partt-tus, a, um, esse, to have
managed Fut.
divided
manage^,
um,
esse, to will Fut. (that one) will man.
{yxnc-turus, a,
um, esse, to will divide^, (that one) will divide.
pa.rti-t1irus, a,
Participle.
Participle.
Pres. fung-ens, managing Perf. func-fw5, a, um, having
Pres. pdiTii-ens, dividing managed Peif. partl-iM5, a, um, having divided Fut. 1) Jict. func-tiirus, a, um,, intend- Fut. 1) Act. pa.rii-turus, a, um, intend ing, wishing, about to manage ing, wishing, about to divide Fut. 2) Pass, fnng-endus, a, um, what Fut. 2) Pass, pairii-endus, a, um, what should be managed. should be divided.
Gerund. N. G. D. A.
one (we) must mfung-cfidi, of managing, to manage fung-ewrfo, to managing, to manage fying-endum (e. g. ad), managing,
fang-endum
to
est,
manage
to divide
A. fung-ewdo, by managing. Supine. Ace. func-^wm, in order to manage Ml. func-«M, to manage, be managed.
'
cmark
Gerund. N. pa.Yii-endum est, one (we) must d G. pa.rVi-endi, of dividing, to divide D. part?-e«rfo, to dividing, to divide A. pavtl-cndum, (e. g. ad.), dividing
4) to $ 50.
A.
parti-cnrfo,
by dividing. Supine.
Ace. partl-iMw, in order to divide Abl. parti-fM, to divide, be divided.
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
144
LXXVII. Words Admiror
]
.
to be
/ admire.
and Exercises for
learned
conor
translation.
/ attempt, ven- somnium,
1.
53.
[^
i,
n. dream,
aspernor 1. I spurn. ture. pulcliritudo, inis, /. comltor 1. 1 accompany, interpreter 1. / iriterbeauty. pret. demum, adv. Jirstf at contemplor 1. /confem.consigno 1. 1 point out. length. plate, consider.
PART FIRST. Quis non admiretur splendorem pulchritudinemque milites hortatus est, ut
Dux
virtutis ?
Jam
hostium aciem pertubare conarentur.
hos-
urbem oppugnare conati erant, quum repente a civibus propulsati sunt. Turn demum beatus eris, quum aspernatus eris voluptatem. Con-
tes
templamlnor praeclara
Venio
sunt!
virtutis
comitatum
te
in
exempla, quae in historia consignata
Somnia
hortum.
difficilia
sunt inter-
pretatu.
We
admire the splendor and the beauty of virtue.
The
general ex-
horted the soldiers, that they should attempt to throw the line battle
of the enemies into confusion.
I
The enemies have ventured
into the garden.
of
have accompanied the brother
Thou
to assault the city.
shouldst contemplate the noble examples of virtue, which are pointed
out in history. sault the city.
Tell me,
ly.
The I
citizens apprehended, that the
enemies might as-
doubt not, that thou hast interpreted the dream right-
why
thou hast not accompanied the father into the gar-
den.
LXXVI]I. Words Fateor, fassus sum, fateri 2. to acknowledge,
learned and Exercises for translation.
aggredior,gressus, gre- labor, lapsus sum, labi 3. to glide, fall.
di 3. to attack.
expergiscor, perrectus
admit.
I keep, protect. intueor 2. / look upon, tueor
to be
2.
sum 3.
to
misereor, misertus
or
abl.)
to
frui
sum,
locutus
loqui 3. to speak.
fruor, fructus or frui-
tus sum,
contemplate.
awaken.
loquor,
3. (c.
enjoy (part.
morior, mortuus sum,
mori
3.
to die (part,
fut. moriturus).
sum, misereri sequor, secutus sum, fnX.. fruiturus). gen) to pity. sequi 3. (c. ace.) to fungor, functus sum, polliceor 2. 1 promise. fungi 3. (c- abl.) to follow. abator, usus sum, uti inops, opis, destitute. administer. ritus
2. [c.
3. (c. abl.) to abuse.
adipiscor, adeptus 3. to obtain.
sum
irascor, iratus to be
angry.
sum
3.
audacter,
adv.
confidently.
boldly,
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
§ 53.]
Semper miserorum hominum miserebimur, Fatetor, o puer, verum Miseremi-
Artes se ipsae tuentur.
Veremini, o pueri, senectutem
nor inopum
!
!
Non
Discipuli verentor praeceptores.
!
145
praesidium mihi polliciturus
dubito, quin tuura
Cum magna voluptate intuemur prae*
sis.
clara virtutis exempla, quae in historia consignata sunt.
Quis pace tur.
ves,
quam miilti eloquentia abutantur ? Per rnultos annoa Omnes cives metuunt, ne hostes urbem aggredian-
nescit,
fruiti
sumus.
Simulatque experrecti sumus, ad negotia nostra accedimus. libertatem
adepti,
sumraa
Ne
Tani audacter cum amico loquere, quam tecum. quos amare debetis
Si virtutis
!
lum aliquando nobis
Ci-
lapsia^
irasciminor
iis,
viam semper sequemur, aditus in coe-
Munere tuo bene
patebit.
Succurre
fruentur.
laetitia
fungere.
Metuo, ne
amicus moriatur.
The
themselves will always protect themselves.
arts
that thou wilt
rich
always pity the poor.
You
should pity the destitute.
(==what teacher.
O
is true,)
I
A
boys!
O
good scholar
will
we may
Many have abused
enjoy peace.
whom thou
angry with those,
always managed thy
LXXIX. Words lapsus
go
way of
The
to the
virtue,
which
We
desire
eloquence.
All the citizens apprehended, that
the enemies might attack the city.
wilt always follow the
!
always reverence his
You
You should speak Thou shouldst not be
are fallen.
with a friend as confidently, as with yourselves.
labi 3. to
doubt not,
should acknowledge the truth
Contemplate ye the noble examples of
are pointed out in history.
Dilabor,
I
boy, old age
doubt not, that thou hast promised thy protection
destitute friend.
(opto), that
Reverence,
oughtest to love. All
virtue.
I
doubt not, that thou
know, how well thou hast
office.
to be
sum,
to ruin.
learned ficisci
3.
and to
Eoixrcises for translation.
depart,
proceed, march.
mentior metior,
/ Zie. mensus sum,
4.
sum, li- assentior, sensus sum metiri 4. to measure. and 4. to assent to. decet 2. (c. ace. pers.) ace.) to forget. blandior 4. Ifatter. it is ft. obsequor, secutus sum, experior, pertus sum modestia, ae,/. modesty.. sequi 3. to comply 4. to try. umbra, ae,/. shade. with, obey. largior 4. / give freely, commendatio, onis, /. proficiscor, fectus sum, bestow. commendation. obliviscor, litus visci 3. (c.
Quum vitia
gen.
aegrotus es, obsequi debes praeceptis medici.
cernunt, obliviscuntur suorum.
ciscitur a modestia.
dilabuntur.
Stulti
aliorum
Prima pueri commendatio
profi-
Concordia res parvae erescunt, discordia maximae
Gloria virtutem tanquam
13
umbra
sequitur.
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
146
Ne
blandire malis hominibus
bus multa bona
Puer,
!
lie
omnes
finivit,
quam
that
Natura honiini-
!
metimur, non
for-
Omnia
ejus sententiae assensi sunt.
prius experiri verbis,
armis, sapientem decet.
We
doubt not, that thou wilt obey me.
I
why
me,
Tell
virtute
Postquam orator orationem
Voluptasblanditursensibusnostris.
tuna.
mentitor
Magnos homines
largita est.
53.
[§
by
(abl.)
thy father has proceeded
discourse of
men
lie
deceives (==
Who
!
never forget thee.
We
Italy.
how
does not know,
feared,
often the
Measure men according
lies)!
to (abl.)
Always follow the way of virtue.
according to fortune.
virtue, not
shall (in)
discord the resources (opes) of the citizens might go to
Boys, you should not
ruin.
to
PART SECOND. a)
LXXX. Adulor
I.
Deponents of the First Conjugation.
Words
(c.
dat.
to be
or
auspicor auxilior
I think.
\.
1.
1.
dominor mod6ror
1
.
/
mW.
Zenrf
/ commence. her. innocentia, ae,y! / ai
1.
I.e. dat.
libens, inTio-
cence.
Imod- angor,
non
viri
oris,
m. vexation,
mundi se incolam
et
adv.
some-
properly.
dolore flagi^ sua recordabltur.
civem arbitrabatur.
Disce libens
:
Homo
im-
Socrates totius
quid dulcius
est,
discere multa?
res.
Ubi libido
fallit,
quum
Discentem comitantur opes, comitantur honodominatur, innocentiae leve praesidium est. Eventus
aliter accidit,
Antonio non
silio,
delighted.
adv. otherwise,
voluptate, sed officio consilia moderantur.
cum
ti
aliter,
rite, adv.
probus aliquando
quam
tis,
aliquando, time.
eraie; c. ace. govern.
Boni
translation.
libido, inis,y'.wnre5irain-
recorder 1. (generally ed desire, caprice. with ace.) I remem- eventus, us, m. event
acc.) IJlatter.
arbitror
and Exercises for
learned
opitulor
atque homines arbitrati sunt.
Atticus poten-
Nihil rite sine dei immortahs ope, con-
est adulatus.
honore auspicab^re.
LXXXI. Words Aemulor
1.
(c.
to be
emulate.
auguror
1.
imltor
1 divine,fore-
I.
shun. consector
I turn from,
and
Exercises for translation. veneror
1. /rfeZa?/.
1. (c.
ace.)
Ijest.
1.
laetor 1.
(c.
abl.)
1 pursue,
precor
1.
/ entreat.
/revere.
1.
rivulus,
Ire-
i,
m. stream.
majores, urn, ancestors. mediocris,
joice. 1.
1.
I hunt. occulto 1. / conceal.
I im- venor
itate.
jocor
tell.
aversor
learned
ace.)/ cunctor
e,
moderate.
quotidie, adv. daily.
!
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJtTGATIONS.
53.]
$
Venerare deum, venerare parentes. vJtia
eorum aversamini
Virtutes
147
majorum aemulamini,
In silvis venator venatur lepores
!
;
in scholia,
Ubi res bona Iractanda est, ne cunctator Discipuli bonos condiscipulos imitantor, malos aversantor. Quotidie, Tardi inpuer, precator a deo immortali, ut servet tibi tuos parentes pueri, venainini lepores
!
!
genii est, rivulos conseclari, fontes laetari soleo,
quain
meorum
rerum non
Nulla re tam
videre.
officiorum conscientia.
In ira moderari
non mediocris ingenii est. Nescisne, Socratem in carcere paucis diebus ante mortem jocatum esse ? Quis speret, se au-
animo
et orationi,
guraturum esse
L XX XII Adhortor
ea,
quae menti humanae a deo sunt occultata.
Words
to he
learned
insidior 1.
1. /encottrag-e,
exhort.
I
and Exercises for lie
in wait
suspicor
age, exhort.
/
suspect,
ingenuus,
uni,im-
a,
um,
noft/e-
born, dignified.
vagor \. I wander. praecludo 3. / dose.
profusus,
temperantia, &e,f.
nemo
a,
um, unre-
strained.
tern-
non, every one.
excors, cordis, senseless.
perance, moderation,
[late,
sex.
1.
conjecture,
consolor 1. / console. consplcor J. I discover,
a,
modest,
for.
cohortoxl. I encourage, exhortor 1. / encour-
transition.
immodestus,
1. / congi'atu- aper, pri, m. wild boar, admodum, adv. very. indignor 1. (with ace. legatus, i. m. ambassa- aperte,ac?v. openly. dor. nequicquam, adv. in or de with abl.) lam vain, to no effect. dissatisfied with some- facetus, a, um, delicate,
gratulor
witty.
thing.
nemo non vidit, nisi qui admodum est excors. tam inimicum, quam voluptas nee enim, libidine domi-
Aperte adulantem
Menti
nihil est
;
nante, temperantiae locus
est.
Caesar, cohortatus milites, ut acrlter
urbem oppugnavit.
contra hostes dimicarent,
Aliorum miseriam con-
exempla laudare debemus viprum fortlum, qui in acerbissimis fortunae tormentis non sunt indignati sortem suam. Genus jocandi non solaturi
profusum, nee immodestum, sed ingenuum venatore insidiandum est apris.
et
facetum esse debet.
A
Multi legati congregati sunt in urbem
ad gratulandum nobis de recuperata libertate. Quern neque gloria, neque pericula excitant, nequicquam hortere timor animi aures praeclu:
dit.
Narra, ubi per tam longum tempus vagatus
sis.
quin hujus hominis consuetudmem aversatus esses.
Non dubitabam, Non dubito, quin,
istum adolescentem conspicatus, continuo de ejus ingenio praeclarum
quiddam suspicaturus
We rejoice at
our
at.(abl.)
own (=
(=s vexations).
sis.
the joy of friends in like nmnner (aequae) as (ac)
ourg),
and grieve
Be convinced
in like
that thou
manner
art dear to
at
[their]
grief
me, but that thou
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
148
[^
53.
wilt be much (miilto) dearer, if thou wilt rejoice in good principles. ^-vThe example of the leader encouraged (perf.) the soldiers, that they
might imitate him. ber his foul deeds
Be convinced
that
aid, counsel [and] itate
doubt not, that thou wilt ever
I
shun the bad.
[but] wilt
I
(ace.)
you
doubted
not, that
commence nothing
honor of God.
I
with thy fortune.
[man]
!
properly without the
exhort thee, that thou shouldst im-
good men, [but] shun the bad.
dissatisfied
good,
the
Flatter thou not a powerful
with pain. will
assist
he would sometime remem-
Relate to me,
why thou
hast been
I
doubted not that the enemies had
O
boy, thou shouldst contemplate both
lain in wait for thee.
When
thou pursuest history,
the examples of virtue and of vice, and emulate those, [but] shun these.
The
In a good thing, thou shouldst not delay.
The
the destitute.
When
against the enemies.
(=
rich should lend aid to
soldiers hasten, in order to lend aid (sup.) to us evil
desires reign (abl.
abs.), there
is
no
not) place for (dat.) virtue.
b)
Deponents of the Second Conjugation.
LXXXIII. Words Confiteor, fessus
to be
sum
2. to confess.
and
sum,
sum
2.
dublto
acknowledge freely,
tale,
promise.
reri,
1. c.
c. dat. to
cure,
edy.
impetro rem- imploro informo
perf.)
1. 1. 1.
scru-
I obtain. I implore. / instruct.
mereor, Itus sum 2. to nego 1. I deny. deserve; dealiquare, trado, didi, ditum deserve
of
deliver vp, give
som^e-
thing.
venia, ae,/ pardon. exemplar, aris, n. pat-
inf I hesi-
entertain
pies.
medeor (without
to
Exercises for translation.
2. to think.
profiteor, fessus to
learned
reor, ratus
malitia, ae, f.
tern, model.
um, all c«mctus, a, (combined), whole. inanis, e, empty, vain. cito,
more 3. to
up
to.
wicked-
quickly
adv.
more
tins,
;
ci-
quickly^
easily.
liberaliter, adv. freely.
nondum,
adv. not yet.
penitus, adv.thoroughly^
ness.
wholly.
eras, quum pater tui misertus est. Jam quum denuo negasti. Nondum vestrum auxiquum jam id nobis professi estis. Vix inopiam
Vix peccatum tuum fassus te errasse
confessus eras,
lum imploraveramus, nostram
fassi
eramus, quurn liberalissime vestrum praesidinm nobis
polliciti estis.
Magna
est vis philosophiae,
nes detrahit, cupiditatibus sidinm,
quum
se
ipsae per se tuentur «ingulae.
merentuf ^jraeceptores, informant.
quum medetur animis, inanes sollicitudiArtes magnum nobis praebent prae-
liberal.
Praeclare de patria
quum juventutem bonarum
litterarum studiis
$
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
53.]
140
Rule of Syntax. When the conjunction quum expresses a supposed ground and may be translated by the causal since (seeing that,) (Comp. Synt. 110, 1.) or although, it is connected with the subjunctive.
Quum
philosophia animis mededtur, totos nos penitusque ei tradSre
Omnes
debemus.
miserebantur
vestri,
quum non propter mahtiam, sed
Quum mihtes periciila verereniur^ confligere. Quum is, qui verum amicum
propter fortunam in miseriis
essetis.
non audebant cum Iiostibus intuetur, tanquam exemplar aliquod intuedtur sui talem amicum aeque Avarus, quum in omnium rerum ac nosmet ipsos amare debemus. affluentia sit, fatebiturne, se esse satiatum ? Quum, virtutem satis in ;
se praesidii habere ad vitam beatam, /a/edre; etiam confiteb^re, sapien-
tem
in cruciatibus
professurus
sis,
When we
beatum
confessus
freely
acknowledge our
guilt,
non
eris,
dttblto,
quin
we more easily obtain parmay have in itself
of (gen.) protection for a happy
sufficient
shall
have confessed
this, I
ledge, that the wise [man]
had
from
acknowledged
I
thee.
Thou
(quum) thou hast
life,
may be happy under
that the wise [man]
ly
si
Since you have acknowledged, that virtue
don.
you
Id
esse.
sapientem in omni vitae conditione beatum esse.
will also confess,
tortures
and when
;
doubt not, that you will freely acknow-
happy in every condition of life.
is
my
you
(in)
Scarce-
fault to thee, as I obtained (perf )
pardon
hast acquired for thyself great praise, inasmuch as
pitied the destitute citizens.
Medemlnor,
Miserere nostri!
O
cives, inopiae
nostrae!
Suum
Nemo, cunctam intuens terram, de divina proCives, hostes urbem oppugnaturos esse, rati, eos
quisque tuetor munus. videntia dubitabit.
Omnibus modis a
rus.
meum
Venio
acriter propulsare studuerunt.
vobis inopiae civium
escentis officium est, majores natu vereri.
republica meritum esse
Reverence,
want of when we
O
The
contemplate
ised
me !
!
Pity ye
me
!
Thou
de
shouldst cure the
God ?
Thinking
(part. perf.), that
Shall we, to
thou hast prom-
Believe me, who will freely acknowledge (part,
thou wilt promise to
the
Adol-
contemplating) the whole earth, doubt as
Thou must remedy
want of
est.
nescit, te praeclare
thy protection, I have not hesitated to undertake (accedere) the
business. true
Quis
scholar should reverence his teacher.
(=
(de) the foresight of
tibi pollicitu-
medendum
Spero, te mei miserturum esse.
?
boy, old age
others.
praesidium
others.
Roman
me
Who
(Ger.)the
want of thy
thy protection.
fut.)
friend.
It is beautiful, to
I
what
is
hope, that
remedy the
does not know, that Cicero deserved nobly of
state ^
13*
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
150
53.
[$
Deponents of the third Conjugation.
c)
LXXXIV.
Words
to be
learned
and Exercises for
translation.
adnitor 3. 1 endeavor, reddo, didi, ditum 3. to plexus restore ; 2) to make, «um, plecti 3. to emexert myself. hrace. paciscor, pactus sum, gratia, ae f. thank. congredior, gressus pacisci 3. to make an angulus, i. m. corner. philosophus, i, m. phisum, gredi 3. to enagreement. losopher. gage, reverter, pf. reverti, nascor, natus sum, naspart, reversus, inf. pestis, is, /. pest, de-
Complector,
ci 3.
born,
be
to
spring from,
reverti 3. to return.
to
ulciscor, ultus
(part,
cisci
fut. nasciturus).
innascor
born, implanted. nitor,
siriiction.
ul-
ace.) to
(c.
avenge one^s self on
in-
be
to
3.
3.
sum,
semen, mis, visum,
n. seed.
n. appearance.
detestabilis,
one.
detesta-
e,
ble.
uixus or nisus cuumlo \. 1 heap, load, urti 3. (c. abl.), persevero 1. I continue.
superior, us, superior;
«um,
io rest
i,
conqueror.
ad discedo, cessi, cessum quotiescunque, however often, strive after 3. to go away, depart.
upon
aliquid, to
;
conj.
2)
something.
Salus
cum
hominum non
veritate
hostibus pacti, pace
Deum
et
ulciscimini inimicos vestros
!
nititur.
Gives,
divinum animum cogialiis
rebus vescimur.
Romani Numidis
poUiciti sunt, si
Lacte, carne multisque
tatione complectimur.
Ne
solum, sed eliam fama
fruiti sunt.
perseverarent bello urgere Carthaginienses, se adnisuros esse, ut bene
cumulatam gratiam redderent.
Nemo parum
fectae perfecto functus est munere. in
somnio contemnlmus.
biles alii philosophi tabilis est pestis,
angulo natus
:
LXXXV.
mea
Words
tired out. la-
bi 3. to glide away.
sum,
niti
one's
self.
3. to
Zeno, innumeraNulla tam detes-
reverterunt.
nixus exert
mundus.
Non sum
uni
Sunt ingeniis nostris
Hannibal, quotiescunque
to be
fetisci 3. to be weary,
sum,
totus hie est
semper
Italia,
enitor, nisus or
qui virtutis per-
quae non homini ab homine nascatur.
patria
Defetiscor, fessus sum,
elabor, lapsus
vixit,
Aristoteles, Theophrastus,
nunquam domum
semina innata virtutum. gressus est in
diu
Simulatque experrecti sumus, visa
cum Romanis
con-
discessit superior.
learned
patior,
and Exercises for
passus sum, pati
3. to suffer.
translation.
stultitia, ae,y!/o%. dominus, i, m. lord,
master. excedo, cessi, cessum proelium, 3. (c. abl) to retire.
tendo, tetendi, tentum 3. to
stretch
out
;
ad
aliquid, to strive after
something.
\ter, i,
n.
encoun-
diuturnitas, at\s,f.long
continuance. vicinitas, atis, /. neigh-
borhood.
;
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
53.]
$
wrong,
ne£a:s{indecl.),n.
proprius,
a,
um (c.gen.),
one's oivn, peculiar.
151
quo, adv. whither.
gentium, wherever in
ubicunque, adv. wherever; ubicunque.
the world,
Optimi cujusque animus maxime ad immortalem gloriam adeptus
erit,
ubicunque
quo
riculi virtus, et,
domlnum
erit
tendat,
non
se appellari
Avida
gentium, a nobis diligetur.
non quid passura
sit,
Animalia
est passus.
nititur.
Qui virtutem
Hostes, diuturnitate pugnae defessi, proelio excedebant.
est pe-
Augustus
cogitat.
sunt rationis ex-
alia
Animo elapso, corpus nihil valet. apud nos clarorum hominum memoria, etiam mortuorum. pertia, alia ratione
ia
Proprium
res est, succurrere lapsis.
nefas est, quos
iis
est
amare debemus.
Amicitiae, consuetu dines,
Juveni parandum, seni utendum
utendum
vitia
debemus.
eniti
carendo magis intelligimus,
vicinitates quid habeant voluptatis,
fruendo.
Reg-
aliorum
stultiliae,
Ut plurimis prosimus,
suorum.
cernere,. oblivisci Irasci
Valet
utentia.
Suo cuique
est.
quam
judicio
est.
L XX XVI.
Words
Ingredior, gressus sum,
gredi 3.
(c.
ace.)
to be
accuso
I go
into, enter, enter upon, perfungor, functus sum, fungi 3. (e. abl.)
and
learned
JElxercises
/ complain
1.
of,
usitatus, a,
um,
usual,
long
time
common,
accuse.
deflagro
for translation.
1.
/ hum up
diu,
adv.
diutius, longer.
(intrans.).
vices plur. {gen. not intemperanter, adv. inpass through. used,) f. vidsitudes. temperately, without persequor, cutus sum, perexiguus, a, um, very moderation. sequi 3. to pursue. small. plerumque, adv. gento
erally.
All wish, that they
may
reach (adipisci) old age, but when they have
reached {== having reached), they complain of
out by the long march, gave themselves up to
We
follow the example of the good.
Common
peace.
leisure
whom those,
and it
literature.
who have
they
may
sued
(perf.) the
it
to
me
memory, remarkable
abuse without moderation to
have lived happily, to
has been permitted to enjoy the praise of wisdom.
passed through.
but
Many
Those appear
soldiers tired
Boys, you should
have enjoyed a long-continued
things escape easily from the
and new things remain longer.
The
it.
rest.
favor
we have
many do not know, whence and great joy. Alexander purFortune is not merely blind itselfj
All strive after joy, but
obtain permanent
generally
We
entered upon the very same dangers which
(stabilis, e)
enemies eagerly.
makes those
blind also,
whom
it
embraces.
Man
is
not born for himself alone, but for his country and for his [friends], so that (ut) a very
small part
is
left
to himself.
The
condition of
;
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
152
mortals has such
from prosperity
(is)
vicisitudes, that adversity (res adversae) springs
obeys the law^s not on account of
them, because he thinks that
He
and prosperity from adversity.
(res secundae),
who
lives the best,
53.
[§
may be most
this
but follow^s
fear,
In
salutary.
the
(abl.)
very same night in vs^hich Alexander w^as born, the temple of the
Ephesian (Ephesius,
d)
a.
4. (c. abl.)
to be
I pos-
sum,
from ;
part.
turus (not
the
oriri
spring from,
Ind.
rise
praeloquor,
oritur,
arise, break
vultus,
us,
locutus
sum, loqui 3.
fol-
inf.),
Frons,
Quicquid est.
attack,
(I
ociili,
oritur,
animadverto,
tergum,
at-
qualecunque
multi indigni luce
manibus
is
c.
ace. et
necessary.
eo, adv. thither, so far.
ti,
sum
tamen,
conj. yet.
n. back.
the its
first
clause)
conj. but.
mentiuntur, oratio vero saepissime.
est,
caussam habeat a nitura necesse
!
Mihtes,
si feroci
Dmn
nostris est!
impetu
in
hostem cooHmur,
urbem oppugnare
Suo quisque metu
hoBtes a tergo nos aggressi sunt.
animadvertat, quanta sint ea
ita potitur,
ut
quamque jucunda.
Cave, ne honores eblandiare
quaedam praeloquuntur.
adorimur,
periciila metitur.
Sapiens et praeterita grate recordatur, et praesentibus
adhibenda nobis
m. expres-
eandem lucem eundemque calorem largitur. Quam sunt et tamen dies oritur. Unde tandem tam re-
pente nobis exoreris^ victoria in
i,
vultus persaepe
Sol universis
/.
grate, adv. gratefully.
ise.
ori-
it
mur; so its comS. to observe, perceive, vero (after word of pounds except ado- praeda, ae,/. booty. rior
onis,
preparation.
junctive or
flattery.
orturus);
lows the third Conj. oreris,
/. forehead.
4.
fut. ori-
Pres.
tis,
/ appear, sion, countenance. spring from, arise. privatus, a, um, priva/c. demolior 4. / demolish, ferox, 6c\s, ferce. eblandior 4. / obtain by necesse est (c. sub-
exorior
4.
to begin.
4. to
/
4.
translation.
calor, oris, m. kta^t.
praeparatio,
out, break forth.
ordior or exordior, or-
orior, ortus
fol-
fourth Conj.
coorior
ordiri
and Exercises for
which
lows throughout the frons,
periri 4. to mvait.
sum,
learned
tempt),
sess myself of. opperior, pertus sum,
sus
up.
Deponents of the fourth Conjugation.
LXXXVII. Words Potior
um) Diana burned
Oratores, priusquam exordiantur,
!
In omnibus negotiis, priusquam ordiamur,
est praeparatio
diligens.
Omnes
floribus et coronis ornaverant et vestiverant, quia
Dum
exercitus hostilis urbis
cives
maximo moerore
domos
opplebantur.
cives domos suas regem opperiebantur.
privatas publicasque demoliebatur,
Quum
hostes
praedam
partiebantur, nos vehementissimo impetu eos adoriebamur.
inter se
Dux
mill-
!
§
DEPONENTS OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS.
53.]
tes coliortatus est, ut
omnia experirentur,
qiiibus
urbem
153 obsidioiie lib-
omnes nau-
Quiiin saeva tempestas cooriretur, ingens pavor
erarent.
tas occupavit.
LXXXVIII. Words Etnentior
/
4.
state
falsely.
mensus sum,
emetior, metiri off,
cite,
to
4.
1.
and
Ejcercises for translation. prodigiosiis,
preserve,
1.
atis,
f
convenience.
ridiculus, a,
atis,/. boimti-
us,
um,
ridicu-
lous.
tantus, a,
adspectus,
um,
a,
wonderful.
fulness.
move, ex-
attempt.
advolo
/ commoditas,
/ measure ubertas,
4.
travel through.
molior
learned
to be
coriservo
um,
so great.
consulto, adv. designed-
wi.
sight.
ly.
I Jly up, has- usus, us, m.
use, want,
by chance.
fortuito, adv.
ten up.
Ridiculi sunt, qui,
Omne
quod
animal se ipsum
conservet.
ipsi
diltgit ac,
experti
non
Ad hominum commoditates
et
decent ceteros.
sunt, id
simulatque ortum
est, id
agit, ut se
usus tantanr rerum uberta-
tem natura largita est, ut ea, quae gignuntur, dQiiata consulto nobis, non fortuito nata videantur. Herod6tus, multasAerras em^nsus, multas quidem res prodigiosas narravit, sed eas non ipse ementitus est, sed Jam per tres menses opperti eramus amicum, alii, ex quibus audivit. quum nobis ejus mors nuntiata est. Repente Romanis Sulla exortus et atrocisslmum bellum Sapiens falsi
nunquam malis hominibus blandietur, nunquam nunquam fortunam experietur, nunquam aliis
aliquid
calami-
ementietur,
tatem molietur.
Si celerlter
hostem adoriemur, non
brevi tempore urbe potituri simus. ficificemur.
Ne
nautas ingens pavor occupavit.
Ne
dubium, quin
est
sol
ortus
erit,
pro-
opperimini fortunam
Nume«i|s aequalis
Sole oriente, profecti sumus.
titu.
Simulatque
blandire malis hominibus.
Hostes advolaverunt urbe potiturn.
tate
''
civile exorsus est.
facilis
est par-
Coorta saeva tempestate, omnes
Solem
oritiirum
cum maxima
volup-
spectamus. .
The sun does Scarcely had the
*•
->'-
not always rise and set in the verj^ s^^jg pla^JK,
enemy been discovered, as we ijqse (^Jerf and at-^. ,^en measure the yelir by (abl.) the re-% J*
tacked (perf ) them spiritedly. turn of the sun.
Nothing prevented you, that
you should begin your
Three days long (== through three days) have
we
awaited the
Every living being, as soog^s it is born both itself and all its parts. "Manj having
the friend. (diligo)
many
countries, have stated falsely
ma^^ wonderful
(=
of
sprung), loves
travelled *
business. ai-rival
things.
through History
154
PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.
relates, that Sulla arose (perf.)
began
my
(perf.) the civil
opinion.
in order
to
why
the
(dat.)
all ?
soldiers will attack the
gerund) the city
When
enemy.
camp
the
If thou
shalt
shall lie,
they attacked (subj.) the
in (abl.) a short time possess themselves
fortune soldiers
(=
Flatter ye not
!
lie.
rise),
The
would
54. Periphrastic
fortified,
Our
will
the trust
soldiers did
quickly, they might
city.
Await thou not
rose (abl. abs.), the
sun
the
sun, on the point of rising
presents a splendid sight.
All believed, that a storm
§
of the
As
!
marched against the enemies.
about to
never
bad men
enemy
be
nobody
thee, even i/*(etiamsi) thou speakest (subj.) the truth. that, if
[means],
business, before that the previous [business]
have been completed.
not doubt,
Romans and
{= ad with
new
54.
thou hast not assented to
Hast thou heard that the enemies have tried
possess themselves of
LxA^tA-^We will not begin a shall
suddenly against
Tell me,
war.
[^
I
hope, that thou wilt
arise.
Conjagation.
By joining the verb esse with the participles and with the gerund, a new conjugation is formed, called the periphrastic
conjugation; under this the following forms are to be
noted: 1) AmatHruSj a,
um
sum, /
luish,
intend^
am
about to
(ivill) love.
Subjunctive.
Indicative. Present.
amaturus sum, I am about to {will) amaturus es, [love, amaturus est, hortaturi samu8,we are about to{will)
SimaturussimJ may he about to {tvill) [love. amaturus sis, amaturus sit, hortaturi simus, we may be about to
hortaturi estis,
hortaturi
[exhort,
sitis,
[{iviU) exhort.
hortaturi sint.
hortaturi sunt.
Imperfect.
moniturus eram, / would admanish. moniturus essem, / would admonish. Perfect,
veritarusfm,! would have reverenced,
veriturus fuerim, T would have rev.
Pluperfect.
recturas fueram, / ivould have gov.
recturus fuissem, / would have gov.
Future.
functurus ero J shall be about to manage,
wanting.
:
PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.
54.]
155
Future Perfect, auditurus fuero, I shall have been
wanting.
[aboiU to hear.
partiturus fueris.
Infinitive.
amaturus Per/. amaturus amaturus Fut
esse, to he about to {will) love
Pres.
2)
fuisse, to' have been about to love fore, to
Amandus,
a,
tvill love,
(that one) will be ready to love.
um sum, /
must be loved, one must love
me Subjunctive.
Indicative. Pres.
amandus sum, I must be loved, amandus sim, / must be loved, one must love me one must love me amandus es, thou must beloved, amandus sis, thou must be loved, one must love thee
one must love thee
amandus
must be loved, one must love him hortandi sumus, we must be exhorted, one must exhort us hortandi estis, you must be exhorted, one must exhort you hortandi sunt, they must be exhorted, one must exhort them. Imperf. monendus eram, / was to be
Per/.
est, he
amandus
sit,
he must be loved,
one must love him hortandi simus, we must be exhorted, one must exhort us. hortandi sitis, you must he exhorted, one must exhort you
must he exmust exhort them. monendus essem, / might be to admonished, one was to adhe admonished, one might be monish me to admonish me verendus fui, / should have verendus fuerim, / may have been
reverenced,
have reverenced
one
should
me
liortandi
sint, they
horted, one
been to
may
he
admonished, one
have been
to
admonish me
Plupf. regendus fueram, I ought to regendus fuissem, I might have have been governed, one ought been to be admonished, one to have governed me might have been to admonish me.
Fut
persequendus ero, /
be
wanting.
FP.
pursued, one unll be under obligation to pursue me audiendus fuero, / shall have been to he heard, one will have been under obligation to hear
wanting.
shall
to be
me metlendus
fueris, thou unit have
been to be measured, one will
have been under obligation
measure
to
thee.
Infinitive.
Pres. Perf.
Fat.
amandus esse, to he under obligation to he loved. amandus fuisse, to have been under obligation to be loved. amandus fore, to will he under obligation to he loved, (that one)etc.
PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.
156 J)
Amandum
one must love, mihi
est
Comp.
w,
Synt.
amandum
ium
Subjunctive.
tibi
one must love
est,
amandum
est,
hortandmn
est
/ must love thou must
amandum sit, one should love mihi amandum sit, I should love tibi
timendum
est, he
nobis fatendum
est,
sit,
tJmu shouldst
must fear illi timendum sit, he shouldfear we must nobis fatendum sit, we should confess
confess
vobisjegendmn
est,
you must vobis legendmii
sit,
you should
sit,
they should
read
read illis
hortandum
exhort
exhort illi
/ must
est,
98.
§
Indicative.
^r..
[§54'
loquendum
est,
they
must
illis
loquendum
speak
speak
puero audiendum
est,
vw^iS^lendum
est, the
hoy puero audiendum should hear
the
man
experiendum
viris
must tiy^
should
Imperf. amjw^ijjffitf rat, one
was
to love
boy
the
sit,
men
sit,
try.
amandum
esset, one
might be
to love
mihi
amandmn
erat,
/ was
mihi
to
amandum
Perf.
amandum
one should have
fuit,
amandum
fuerat, one
ought
to
amandum
/ might
amandum
fuerit,
/ mny have
fuisset,
/ might have
been to love.
have loved Fid.
esset,
been to love
loved
Plupf.
amandmn
be to love
love
to
wanting.
one shall have
wanting.
one shall be
erit,
love
F.P.
amandum
fuerit,
been to love.
Patria amanda
est,
one's native country should be loved, one should
'
;'
love his native country
patria nobis
amanda
should love our native country ;' thou shouldst read this book ;' adhortandi fuerunt, ' the general should have incited tho
hie liber tibi legendus est, milites
dud
we
'
est,
'
soldiers.'
Examples for
the Gen., Dat., Jlcc.
and
Synt.
k
Abl. of the Gerundive.
Comp.
99. ;'"
Ars navis gubemandae, the art of governing a ship sum equorum regendorum, I am skilful m governing horses asiritus idoneus est magnis oneribus portandis, the ass is fitted to bear'
peritus
'
;'
'
ing great loads,'
or,
corporis exerdtationes
cise of the
body
'
to bear great loads.'
plurimum
avails
valent
much
ad valetudinem firmandam,
for confirming the health.'
*
exer-
:
4
55^
IRREGULAR FIRST CONJUGATION.
tradandis enstt littens
animus excoUtuTj
'
by the pursuit of
157 letters the
cultivated.'
Catalogue of the verbs, ichich in the formation o^heir tenses. paradigms given in § 50 "rf 51.
FIRST CONJUGATION. § 55. T.
The Perfect
•.r^^ar'-
R^tplicatiom^f^
ivith
^
Remark. The reduplication in do, consists in repe ating thei first fconsonant of the stem with e, but in sto, in ^^P^^t>"§|ii|j||^H|K'^ ^^^' ^Bpnants of the stem with e, and then the s is dropj^P'f^WFF'XIiB stem,
Hrence
:
r
Do
3.
steti
for
ste-sti.
dedi,
J
Comp.
"
^, 7). give. The n of the stemdabam, dabo, darem ex.^MHjpk.
sp(indeo, spopondi (§
datum, dare, to
syllable is short throughout, as
cept das and da.
:
;
its compounds of which the first part is a word of two syllableSt Its circumdo, circumdedi, circumdatum, cireumdare, to surround. compounds with monosyllables, on the contrary, have -do, -didi, -ditum, -dere, and follow the third Conj., as :' addOj^ addidi, gddltum,
So
as
:
:
addere, 2.
arfc?.
Sto,
,.>.?
steti,
stdtum, stare, to stand
;
(c.
abrtS^e gained
at the expense of, cost).
compounds with
monosyllahic prepositions have sUti in the Per£, stand by), adstiti, but those compounded with dissyllabic prepositions retain the steti, as: circumsto (I stand around), circumsteti. The Sup. of only a few of the compounds is used and is stdtum ; only praesto (to stand before, bestow), has both praestitum and praestdtum. The Part. Fut. on the contrary, is always stdtiirus, as Its
as
:
adsto
(I
praestaturus, constaturus, obstaturus, etc.
L XX XIX.
Words
to he
dare
(c. dat.
or
ace. et abl.), to
c.
et
learned
atum
Circumdo, dedi, datum, ace,
fore,
ed
;
1.
be c.
to
and Exercises for
distinguishsur-
dat. to
servation.
pass, to
make good,
invitus,
with something), to (something place around something).
pay ; se praestare (e.
ling,
atum
fortem)
to
a,
show insperans,
one's self [brave).
um, untvUtis,
not hop-
ing, contrary to
ex-
forum, i, n. market. pectation. abl.) to consist of, to stipendium, i, n. wages, uber, eris, c. rich, valbe gained at the ex- interfector, oris, m. mwruable. pense of, cost. derer. certo, adv. certainly. persto, iti, atum 1. to propugnator, oris, m. extrinsecus, adv. wOh persist. champion. ouii. consto,
iti,
praesto,
iti,
\"
is,
swrrownc? (something
g.
translation."
f. garment. conservatio, 6ms,f.pre-
stand be- vestis,
1. (c.
itum and
classis, is, f. fleet.
14
i
— IRREGULAR VERBS.
^^56. Multo san-
nobis dedit animum, quoi nihil est praestantius.
Mater omnium bonarum artium sapientia
'^ictoria stetit.
est
qHS**hiA a deo immortali
:
datum |^B Deus ^pus,
vitae
hominum
quandam vestem, animo circumd^-
Quorum
et vestivifiHFtrinsecus.
T
uberius, nihil praestabilius
ut
patres, aut majores aliqua gloria
n student plerumque eodem in genere laud is excellere. i'arcntes cm issimos hai^re debemus, quod ab iis nobis vita tradlta est. Quinam magis sunt tui N(fn dedit heneficium, qui invitus profuit. praestiteruiit,'
quam {jjjtkfffiki^ tu salutem insperantibus reddidisti ? Gives acerri mos pflKignatore^libertatis se praestiterunt. Ingens hominum mul tudo (^j^BMHttKoro circumstetit.
eloquenlHHPmtura ad
salutem
Quid
est
hominum
I
tam inhumanum, qua
et
ad conservationem da
bonorum pestem perniciemque convertere dium ejyM|flH|ta|pore non esset praestitum, seditio
tam, ad
est^^^^^^^^^kaihi
fidem praestaturum esse.
(imltorum
cio,
]ii
v^^Ri
stipen-
inter milites orta
Credo, nihil nobis
Non
obstptnr»OT^Si^^^B|rnus victoriam adipiscamur. quill
Quum
?
dubitabamus,
fortium morte victoria constatura esset.
rstaturusn^^PRi sententia
Nes-
tua.
The Tft^pppi^^ave (perf.) to Miltiades a fleet of (gen.) 70 ships. pest has cost the human race (= race of men) more (pluris) than
No
anger.
Darius promised, that he vs^ould give 1000 talents to the mur-
What
derer of Alexander. ing,
with
(abl.) this
Socrates surpassed (perf)
dom
?
of (gen.) time
is
he should be contented. all
given to each one for
Who
liv-
does not know, that
the philosophers of antiquity in (abl.) wis-
much blood. The body, God around (dat.) the soul. You
victory will cost us
I fear, that the
as a garment, has been placed by
should hold [your] parents very dear, because they have given (trado) life to
Who
you.
pectation,
more
is
Hannibal, so long as he all
the
Roman
generals.
not paid the soldiers against him. ity).
»
thine, than
thou hast restored
I
life
[he], to
(i^'feaf^^)?'
may have been
whom,
contrary to ex-
History relates, that
in Italy, surpassed (perf subj.)
Since the general for (ex) a long time had
[their]
wages, a sedition arose (perf)
among them
doubt not that thou wilt make good thy word
(=
fidel-
Believest thou, that thy brother will persist in his opinion ?
§56.
11.
Perfect:
ui
;
Supine:
—
itum,
crepuij crept tu m, crepdre^ to creak. cubit um, cubdrCy to recline.
1.
CrepOj
2.
Cubo, cubuij • *
—
than which (aoul).
—
— '
j
than which (wisdom).
;
FIRST CONJUGATION.
56.]
§
3.
;
159
Domo, domui, domttum, domdre,
to tame, curb,
subdue.
micu
Mico,
4.
So
emico,
:
Sup. wanting, micdre, to
t.
emlcui,
eniicdtum, emicdrey to
glitter
gush forth
;
but, di-
mico, IJight, has dimicavi, atum, are.
pUcdvi and pltcui, pticdtum and plicitum, This verb is used only in compoext^|*^avi and ui, atum and itum, are, to sition, as avi, atum. Cl^^K^e^ers the regular form explain.
5. Plico,
plicdre, to fold. :
:
Sono,
6.
sonui, somtum,
—
sondre, to sound, (but Part. Fut.
sonaturus). •
7.
Tono^ tonui, (Sup. wanting);
8.
vetui vetttum,
Veto,
XC. Words Increpare,
percrepare,
accuhare,
to be
learned
to
resound.
to recline
and
complicare,
by
gether
to sit at table.
to
(to
appHc,
cremo
upon
to
ap-
proach, to attc^h
oriels
se
self (to
one), to
fold
to-
to set
re-
notlo, onis,/. notion. inis,
f
spring.
gemitus, us, m. groan. nutus, us, m. nod, com-
1.
mand.
/ burn up.
aduro, ussi,
ap-
^
compHcatus, s^aturigo,
;
recall.
applicare, to lean
verecundia, ae^f. sped.
complicated^ obscure. excubare, to keep watch. perdornare, curb, sub- replicare, to roll back,
due.
thunder.
Exercises for translation.
ply oner's self something).
to reproach.
^o/^are, to
vetdre, to forbid.
ustum
on fire,
up.
[3. to
to*
3.
ploratus, us, m. cry.
burn passim, adv. far and wide.
unfold.
evolvo, volvi, volutum
Quis venit ? Fores crepuerunt. Dux nnhtes vehementer increpiiit. Tota urbs vocibus civium de victoria ex hostibus reportata exsultantium Romani multas gentes ac Age, cubitum discedamus percrepiiit. !
Docemur auctoritate nutuque legum, coercere omnes cupiditates. Ex hoc fonte
nationes armis perdomuerunt.
domitas habere hbidines,
ingentes scaturiglnes aquae emicuerunt.
Indorum
sapientes,
quum ad
flammam se applicaverunt, sine gemitu aduruntur. Cicero Rhodii ad Molonem philosophum se applicdvit. Sapiens studet animi sui complicdtam notionem evolvere.
Quum
metnoriam temporum
virtutum et vitiorum multa exempla reperies. esset,
Quum
replicaveris, et
urbs expugnata
omnia passim mulierum pnerorumque ploratibus sonuerunt. quum serena tempestate tonuit. Nitimur in vetifum. Au-
Terremur,
»
at
Rhodes.
See Synt.
§ 92.
:
:
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
160
[$
57.
gustus carmina Virgilii cremari contra testamenti ejus verecundiam vetuit.
I have forbidden thee to go to walk, but 'precisely because (ob id ipsum,
quod)
I
have forbidden
forbidden
(=
[it],
thou hast striven against
The
the forbidden).
what has been
(in)
question concerning (de) the im-
mortality of the soul (plur.), is nobly explained by Cicero in the first book Cicero appHed (perf.) himself with of the Tusculau Disputations. [his] whole soul to the study of eloquence. ^Hm^ hundred soldiers kept watch before the camp. Who does not H^^-lhat many nations and peoples were subdued by the Romans. If thou shalt have curbed thy passions (libido) and restrained (teneo) thy desires, thou wilt live happily. Already we were sitting (pluperf at the table, when suddenly s^ )
flame gushed forth
of emico) from the roof
(perf.
retired (discedere) to sleep city
(=
it
thundered (perf) yesterday in
As th^oors had creaked
we
when the whole cries. Thy brother
resounded (perf of persono) with discordant
related to me, that
Scarcely had
in order to recline, sup.),
(abl.)
clear weather.
doubted not (perf) that thou wast
(subj.), I
eomi^(subj.).
§
1.
Frico^
—
57. IH. Perfect
ui ;
fricui, fricdtum
Bupine
—
turn.
fnear e^
(raxely frictum),
to
rub. 2.
Ne6"o, dviy atum, are, to kill
at um, enecdre^ to
but eneco^ enecui, e ne-
;
by inches,
kill
to
ve^
to death, to
entirely exhaust. 3.
>Seco,
secui, sectum^
secdre, to
cut (but Part.
Fut
secaiurtis).
IV. Perfect:
i;
Sujnne
1.
Juvo, juvij jiitum, juvdre
2.
Ldvo,
(c.
to be
ace), to
aid, assist, support.
desecstre, to cut
resecare, to cut
off.
off,
re-
move. perfricare, to rub thor-
oughly.
(c.
—
turn.
ace), to aid, assist.
Idvdtum and lautum^ IdvdrCj to wash.
Idvi^
XCI. Words Adjuvare
r
—
learned
and
Exercises for translation.
refrlcare, to rub again,
aWlgo
1.
coeno
1
attingo,
I bind. / sup. tigi, tactum
ivi,
i,
n. oil.
itum
i,
n. begin-
ning ; principio, in the beginning.
.
to touch.
peto,
oleum,
principium,
renew.
3.
garrulitas,
[fetch.
quacity.
3. to seek,
purus,
atis, /.
a, urn, jpure.
lo-
:
:
:
SECOND CONJUGATION.
$58.]
summa
aqua, vivus,
solatus,a,um,Mn&oMnrf.
est;
summus,
surface of the water.
um,
a,
high-
161
um,
a,
living,
fresh. frustra, adv. in vain.
Vereor, ne refricuerim meis
Dubium non
est,
caturus
Tantalus
sis.
litteris
desiderium ac dolorem tuum.
quin tuis sceleribus reipublicae praeterita fata
summam aquam
attingens, enectus
a poetis.
Nescisne, quantopfire garrulus
ecuerit
Caius Marius
?
quum
iste
secaretur,
homo me
siti
refri-
fingitur
garriendo en-
principio vetuit se alligari,
nee quisquam ante Marium solutus diciiur esse sectus. Agricolae frumenta desecta in horrea congerunt. Nisi libidines resecueris, frustra
Quis
studebis beate viv6re.
Non solum
juv^rit ? adjuvit.
nescit,
quantopere Cicero patriam suam
fortuna, sed etiam tua industria te in negotio tuo
Si quid fortuna milites nostros adjuverit,
non dubitamus, quin
splendidam de hostibus reportaturi simus victoriam.
mis
Exercitus maxi-
Ne
itineribus profectus est, cives obsidione cinctos adjutum.
quam manus
coena,
prius
Corpus lavaturus aquam puram e vivo
laveris.
flumine pete. Boys, rise right early (bene mane), wash yourselves, and,
have washed (iste)
man
me
has vexed
had marched
to death
thirst.
It is
and Greeks, rubbed (perf) shall
be assisted
by his loquacity.
This
After the soldiers
the whole day, they were (perf) entirely exhausted
(perf.)
by hunger and
when you
proceed immediately to your business.
(fut. perf.),
known,
perf) by fort^une,
(fut.
enemy.
victory over (de) the
that the gladiators of the
their bodies thoroughly
his native country very
It is
we
known,
much (permultum).
By
oil.
Romans If
we
bear off a splendid
shall
that
with
Cicero assisted (perf) (abl.)
the
war
carried
on between Caesar and Pompy, the recollection of the horrid (foedus, The farmers a, um) war of Marius and Sulla was (perf) renewed. Unless the passions and desires are re-
have already cut the grain.
moved, we
strive in vain to live happily.
SECOND CONJUGATION. § 58.
I.
Perfect
—
Hi
;
Supine
—
turn.
Preliminary Remark. Many verbs of the second Conj. have no which adjectives in use, chiefly in idus, are form-
Sup., viz. those from ed, as
horreo,
:
ui, to
shudder, horridus, hideous, paveo, pavi, to dread,
pavidus, timid. 1.
Arceo,
^he
(Sup. wanting), arcere, to keep from. used as an adjective. The comwhich a of the stem passes into c, follow mjoneo, as
arciii, i*art.
pounds, in coerceo,
ui,
artus, (strait), is
itum, ere,
to
14*
keep together.
:
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
162 2.
;
:
doc turn,
DoceOj docuij
[$
two ace),
docere (with
58 to
teach. 3.
miscui, mix turn and mi stum,
Misceo,
miscere,
to mix. 4.
TeneOj tenuis
5.
Torreo, II.
Censeo,
tentum,
Unere, to hold.
torrui, to stum^ tornre^ Perfect
—
Rapine
ui ;
censui, censum^
:
to dry, Ijake.
—wm, only
:
censere^ to rate, judge.
So its compounds, but with the associate form of the Sup. in Uum, as receiiseo, recensui, recensum and recensitum, to examamine ; except succensere, (to be displeased), jaerccTwere (to examine accurately, go through), which have no Sup. :
Remark. Taedet
(it disgusts), has together with taeduit, also taesum but this is not used in the classical language the compound periaedet, has in the Perf only pertaesum est, e. g. pertaesum est (me) levitatis, whence by later writers pertaesus, a, um (c. gen. or ace), disgusted.
€st,
;
III.
Perfect:
1.
Deleo,
2.
Flere, to weep.
3.
Nere,
4.
The compounds
evi,
—
evi;
Supimim:
—etum.
etum, ere, to destroy.
to spin.
of the obsolete plere (to
as
fill),
:
com-
Here belongs the compound of the obsolete oleo (I grow) Aboleo, abolevi, abolitum, ahoUre, to abolish still this verb does not occur till after the Augustan plere.
5.
period. Finally 6.
we have
Cieo, clvi,
So lar,
also the
ciere, to stir, raise.
compounds, as
:
concieo,
according to the fourth Conj.
excieo, ivi,
in this class
citum,
ivi,
itum, iere or excio,
Itum, iere or percio,
ivi,
accivi, accitum, accire, to
:
ivi,
itum,
ivi,
concio,
itum,
itum, iere, or regu-
ivi,
ire,
itum, to
ire, to stir up, raise
send for, desire
to
ire, to excite,
arouse, ;
percieo,
but, accio,
come, is of the fourth
Conj. alone.
IV. Perfect: Preliminary Remark.
—
The
i;
Supine:
—
turn.
short vowel of the stem
is
lengthened
in the Perf.
1.
Caveo, cdvi,
cautum, '.'4
cdvere, to
be on one's guard
:
SECOND CONJUGATION.
$58.]
(ab aliquo, against
some one)
;
163
to give security, pro-
vide. 2.
Faveo,fdvi,
(fautum
T3xe)favere
(c.
dat.),
be
to
favorable, to favor. 3.
4. 5.
fo V % fotu w, fov're, to warm, nurse, Moveo movi mo turn, movere, to move.
cherish.
Foveo,
Voveo, V ovi, v 5 turn, vovere, to vow,
offer.
Also the following without a Supine
fervi and ferbui^ fervere,
to boil.
6.
Ferveo,
7.
Paveo, pdvi, pavere, to dread (commonly expaveS' Cere).
8.
Connlveo, (-nlvi and -nixi^ neither of them used in
good
prose), conmvere, to close (the eijes)^ wink.
XCII. Words Admiscere,
to be
fo intermix,
mingle.
[occupy.
distinere, to hold apart,
sustlnere, to hear.
es,
non
sum
3. to
1.
pullus,
admirabllis est.
testis, is,
witness.
c.
ascensus, us, m. ascent, anxie, adv. anxiously.
a hen. arum, f. ivatch- horno, adv. publice,
night watches. i,
m. the young
(of animals), c^ic^en. clades, is,/, defeat.
Ciceronem Minerva omnes hi
si,
gallina, ae, /.
1.
maxime
dignity.
to seize, take.
excludo,
vigiliae,
/ breathe. I quiet. amplexor 1. I embrace, Bedo
and Exercises for translation. di, sum 3. gravitas, atis, /.grav%,
exclude, hatch.
removere, to remove. dedico 1. I consecrate, implico 1. / involve. respiro
learned
deprehendo,
on
the
state,
of
this year.
adv. publicly^
part
at the
of
the
expense
the state.
Gravitas modestiae mista
artes edocuit.
Tot tantisque negotiis distentus sum, ut miNescisne, quot labores, quot pericula,
liceat libere respirare.
quot miserias milites in itinere sustinuerint? piditatibus arcuerit, vita tua beata
Si virtus te a malis cu-
Cicero, per legatos cuncta
erit.
edoctus, praetoribus imperat, ut in ponte Allobroges deprehendant.
Quo minus
animi se admiscuerint atque implicaverint
atque erroribus, eo facilior
mi natura sole tostis.
dam
est,
ascensus in coelum
illis
erit.
nee habet in se quicquam admixtum.
Horno multas uvas
esse, censuit.
torruimus.
Quinto quoque anno
hominum
vitiis
Simplex ani-
Vescimur uvis
Cato, Carthaglnem delen-
tota Sicilia
censa
est.
Duae urbes potentissimae, Carthago et Numantia, a Scipione sunt Graecorum Romanorumque gloriam nulla unquam oblivio deletae. delevit, nee unquam delebit. Deus bonis omnibus mundum implevit, mali nihil admiscuit.
Dum
Jujsest
dux, milites seditionem civerunt
IRREGULAR VERBS.
164
quam
Nuntiata clades majorem,
neque
Catilina
vigiliis,
tem excitam vastabat. Cautum est legibus,
ut mortui post tertium
ignore, te mihi
meisque semper
ita conscientia
:
diem
men-
Non
sepelirentur.
caveris.
Pulli a matribus exclusi
favisse.
Dubitabisne, quin
fotique anxie custodiuntur.
59.
res erat, terrorem in urbe excivit.
neque quietibus sedabatur
semper ab hominum impurorum consuetudine
dubito, quin
Non
[§
summum
semper
in te
amorem ? Me sic amplexati estis, sic in manibus habuistis, fovistis, ut nunquam illius diei obliviscerer. Brutus et Cassius,
foverim sic
interfectores Caesaris, ingens bellum moverunt.
Ingratus
est, qui, re-
Romanorum imperatores pro salute Eodem anno tria templa sunt publico
Multi
motis testibus, agit gratias. patriae sua capita voverunt.
vota et dedicata.
Cicero was instructed
who
Tell me,
ed
(=
(perf!)
has taught thee
by Minerva grammar.
in (ace.) all literature.
If thou shalt have join-
(ace.)
mixed) dignity with modesty, thou wilt please
If thou hadst
all.
abstained from the intercourse of bad men, thou wouldst tented with thy
thou wouldst
(=
founded
If virtue
lot.
now be
con-
had restrained thee from bad passions,
happy. By the war all [things] have been conKnowest thou not, that we have dried many Under the reign of Augustus (abl. abs.) the Roman
now be
mixed).
grapes this year?
empire was rated
(perf).
All the senators judged (perf), that they should (Gerund) lend aid to
the citizens of the city destroyed by the enemies. Scipio destroyed (perf) two very powerful tia.
why
Tell me,
been lamented
two hours, with filled
all
(=
I will
good
thou hast wept.
wept) by
all
take a walk.
The
known,
It is
Carthage and
cities,
that
Numan-
death of the good king has
the citizens.
The world
When
is filled
have spun
I shall
God
(complere) by
[things], nothing of evil is intermixed.
When
thy body with food and drink, thou wilt not use thy
thou hast
mind
well.
Hast thou heard that the soldiers have raised a conspiracy against the general
?
It
is
not [possible] to quiet a
mind
up by an
stirred
evil
conscience.
When I shall have sent for (accio) you, you will not My brother, sent for by a letter, will come to-morrow.
delay to come. Philip, king
the Macedonians (Macedo, onis), sent for (perf) Aristotle [as] for his son Alexander.
The laws have
should be buried after the third day.
I
established, that (ut) the
know,
of
teacher
dead
that thou hast always
been on thy guard against the intercourse of bad men.
It
was
es-
tablished (perf)»by the will of the king, that grain should be distribu-
:
$
SECOND CONJUGATION.
59.]
165
ted to the destitute citizens on his birth-day.
thou hast always favored
me and my
{in c. ace)
always cherished great love for
I rejoice, that (quod)
know that me. The hen
studies.
I
thou hast anxiously
An
guards the chickens which she has hatched and nursed.
mense war
murderers of Caesar.
I
doubt not, that thou hast been greatly moved
(commovere) by the news.
Romans, Livy
im-
by Brutus and Cassius, the
w^as raised (perf. of moveo)
many
History relates, that
generals of the
offered (perf.) their heads for the welfare of their country.
relates, that
dedicated at
in the
same year three temples were vowed and
expense of the
tlie
state.
—
V. Perfect
§ 59.
Supine
i;
(Comp. Prelim. Rem.
—sum.
to § 58. IV.)
prandi, pransum, sediy s e s sum, sedere,
1.
Prandeo,
prandh'e^ to breakfast.
2.
8edeo,
to
So the compounds with sedeo, edi, essum, ere, syllabic propositions
to sit
around,
change the
e
to beset
Strideoj
VtdeOy vidi,
visum,
circumbut those with mono:
?,
as
sit by.
stridi, (Sup. wanting),
3.
;
of the stem-syllable into
assideo assedi, assessum, assidere, to
4.
sit.
dissyllabic prepositions, as
^^nt/ere, to whiz.
videre, to see.
Also the following, of which the Perf. takes the Reduplication.
momordi, mo r sum,
5.
Mordeo,
6.
Pendeo,
7.
Spondeo,
8.
Tondeo,
mordere, to
bite, af-
flict.
ise, to
pependi, (Sup. uncertain), pendere, to hang. spopondi, sponsum, spondere, to prom-
become responsible for. totondi, ton sum, tondere,
to shear, cut.
The
reduplication in these verbs, consists in a repetition of the first consonant of the stem with the first vowel of the stem. Concerning spopondi, see § 55. Rem. The compounds of these
—
verbs follow the simples, but are without the reduplication, as admordeo, admordi, admorsum, to bite into; praependeo, pendi, to hang before, respondeo, respondi, responsum, to answer; detondeo, detondi, detonsum, to shave off.
VI. Perfect: 1.
Aug-eo,
—
si;
Supine:
auxi, auctum, augere,
—
turn,
to increase.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
166
59.
[$
indulsi, (indulttim rare), indidgere^ to to give one's self up to. Lug-eo^ luxi (without Sup.) lUg-ere, to mourn, lament. Torqueo, torsi, tor turn, torquere, to twist, torture.
2. Indulg-eoy
be indulgent,
3.
4.
XCIII. Words Extorquere,
to be
wrest
to
from. pervidere,
contem-
to
residere, to remain behind. 1.
/
enrich.
barba, ae,/. beard. epistola, ae,y.
and
Exercises for translation.
ae,/ tmr. ae,f dagger.
occasus, us, m. setting.
sica,
rabies, ei,/. madness.
sicarius,
collum,
plate, examine.
locupleto
learned
lacrima,
i,
m. assassin,
rabiosus,
exterus,
n. neck.
i,
tonsor, oris, m. barber.
foreign.
a fe-
tonstricula, ae ,/. male barber.
of a maid,
aricillaris, e, servile.
probltas, atis,f upright-
acute,
ness.
letter.
um, mad. um, external,
a, a,
adv.
sharply,
acutely.
Postquam prandero, ambulabo. Audistine, nos eras in horto pranQuoad uUa spes in animo meo resedit, pro patriae liber? tate dimicavi. Jam tres menses obsederunt hostes nostram urbem. suros esse
Non ego sum
ille
ferreus, qui
lacrimis, a quibus
me
fices in suos amicos visum
Ne
rabies
eum
Quoad
Spopondistine pro amico ?
quam eam
diligenter pervideris.
Si quis a cane rabioso
tu locutus es,
responsa sunt
et in
ita
:
vel in
iis,
senatu et
filias
suas
sordido ancillarique officio regias virgines ut tonstriculas
barbam
totondisse
est,
Cicero narra-
Dionysium, ne tonsori collum committeret, tondere
docuisse
Episto-
morsus
puer ab ore tuo pependit.
Multa a Laelio
Spopoudi.
in foro vel provisa prudenter, vel acute vit,
Multi putant, se bene-
videtis.
locupletent eos quacunque ratione.
me momordenmt.
occupat.
non movear horum omnium
ut ego)
iri, si
prius de re aliqua judica,
lae tuae valde
(=
circumsessum
et capilium patris.
quos nunquam vidimus,
vel,
Tanta vis probitatis est, ut eam quod majus est, in hoste etiam
diligamus.
Callisthenem Alexander non tantum necavit, sed eiiam
manae
reipublicae magnitudo atque amplitudo bellis
tibus ac nationibus gestis
manibus
est
extorta.
Occasum atque maxime luxerunt.
erit.
Come
to
me
mirum
in
Quo magis
modum
interitum reipublicae
we
will
Ro-
exteris gen-
Sicario sica de
Romanae optimi quique
When we
shall
Our ciiy has already been The enemies have beset the
take a walk.
beset three months by the enemies. city.
est.
torsit.
indulseris dolori, eo intolerabilior
to day, in order to breakfast (sup.).
have breakfasted,
whole
aucta
cum
Hast thou already seen the friend
?
no, but I
hope
that I
:
$
:
SECOND CONJUGATION.
60.]
shall see
him to-morrow.
I fear that the
we
:
dog
my
I grieve, that
will bite
letter
become responsible
responsible for me.
has answered your
has
afflicted
So long as thou hast been
me.
have felt anxiety for thee (pendere animis de
yet indeed
167
for
me, but
te).
hope
I
My that
thee.
absent,
friend has not
he will become
have heard with great pleasure, that your friend
I
The
letter quickly.
captives have cut
(=
sheared)
neither the beard nor the hair for (ex) three months.
History relates, that Callisthenes was (perf.) not only killed by Alex-
was
ander, but before also
The
tortured.
dagger from the hands of the assassin.
mind and
creased) [his] fierce
By
wicked
arts.
soldiers
was increased
soldiers wrested (perf.) a
Catiline
(perf).
much we have lamented
I rejoice, that
VII. Perfect
—
si ;
mulsi, mulsum,
Miilceo,
2.
Mulgeo, mulsi,
3.
Tergeo.
4.
Ardeo,
5.
Rideo, r'lsi, r'xsuw,,
thou hast not been
Supine
—sum.
mulgere, to milk.
tersum, tergere, to wipe. arsi, arsum, ardere, to burn, take ter
in-
Thou knowest, how very
mitlcere, to sttoke.
mulsum,
si,
r'ldere,
6.
Suddeo,
sua si, sua sum,
7.
Mdneo,
man si, man sum,
8.
Jubeo,
fire.
to laugh.
suddere, to advise.
mdnere, to remain.
jussi, jussu m, jubere, to bid, command, order. Haereo, haesi, haesum, haerere, to hang, stick.
The 10. Algeo, 11.
in-
the death of our friend.
1.
9.
(=
the discourse of the generals, the courage of the
dulgent towards (dat.) the faults of thy son.
§ 60.
emboldened
consciousness of foul deeds by
[his]
following also without a Supine
alsi,
algere, to suffer
Fulgeo, fulsi, fulgere, to
from
12.
Turgeo, tursi, turgere, io ^weW.
13.
TJrgeo,
ursi, wr^ere,
(frixi
14. Frigeo, 15. Liiceo,
luxi,
cold, freeze.
glitter, lighten.
to press, oppress.
x^cre) fngere, to freeze.
lucere, to shine.
VIII. Perfect with ^^^^i^e ioxm (Neuter Passives) ; without a Supine. 1.
Audeo,
2.
Gaudeo,
3.
Soleo,
ausus sum, audere, to dare. g avis us sum, gaudere, to rejoice.
solltus sum,
something).
sdlere,
to
be accustomed
(to
do
IRREGULAR VERBS.
168
XCIV. Words Abstergere,
to
wipe
remanere,
off,
oblecto
off.
dissuadere, to dissuade,
permulcere,
Ita
caducus, a, um, destined to fall, Jailing.
in
I remain
ing, composition.
militum animos permulsit.
carmina animus meus miriflce oblectatus
Non
confectio
libri
Non
andriaei arserunt. est,
cui
fuit,
prius ad te veniam,
Detersane jam est tabula
Quis
mak-
canfectio, onis,^!
peti 3. to endure.
tutis molestias.
sit.
hanish-
n.
perpetior, pessus sum,
mitibus verbis excitos
jucunda mihi hujus
eero.
2.
i,
ment.
concealed.
charm, soothe.
Virgilii
exsilium,
.
ui
lateo,
stroke,
to
1
a spark.
scintilla, ae, /.
commx>n.
2. to deride.
elucere, to shine forth.
Dux
Exercises for translation.
remain be-
/ delight. shine upon, convivor 1. / eat
detergere, to wipe
deridere
and
to
hind, remain.
dispel, remove.
afFulgere, to
learned
to be
[^60,
?
ut
omnes
Legendo
permulsus
est.
absterserit senec-
quam luctum omnem
abster-
Quadraginta milia librorum Alex-
dubito, quin brevi tota
semper
et
arriserit fortuna ?
Germania
bello arsura
Nescio, cur a te derisus
non esse animos nostros mortales. ? Quis conf idit, semper sibi illud stabile et firmum permansurum esse, quod fragile et caducum Romanorum gloria usque ad nostram memoriam remansit. Lysit ? curgus convivari omnes cives publlce jussit. Non qui jussus aliqjjid Persuasum mihi est, memoriam facit, miser est, sed qui invitus facit. hujus atrocissimi belli non modo in hoc populo, sed etiam in omnium gentium sermonibus semper haesuram esse. sim.
Sic mihi persuasi, sic sentio,
Quis
credat, cives
pacem
dissuasuros esse
Milltes in itineribus multos labores perpessi sunt, sudaverunt et al-
Superatis hostibus, nova spes salutis
serunt. litteris
modo
me
me
ursit, ut
primo quoque tempore
in viro latebit scintilla ingenii,
tantis beneficiis auxisti,
amici
tui
est,
Pater
Quo-
Tu
quae jam in puero eluxit!
sum
quanta nunquam ausus
De
optare.
Athenis^ optimo cuique acci-
comitate valde gavisus sum.
solltum
dfire
afFulsit.
ad se darem.
civitati
litteras
ut in exsilium pelleretur.
^\.
The poems of Virgil have delighted and charmed my mitid wonderThe orator hoped, that he should soothe the excited minds of fully. the citizens by mild words.
already been wiped hast removed from {imperare,
abl.
abs.)
off.
me
»
at Alexandria.
all
I
pain by thy consolation.
hope, that
all
Under
citizens, will
of gerund) for the safety of See Synt.
§ 92.
?
it
has
thee very great thanks, that thou
of Napoleon (Napoleo, onis) nearly
burned (perf ) with war. desire, to fight (gen.
Hast thou wiped off the table
I give (ago)
2
^t
all
tlie
burn with a
[their] country.
Athens.
reign
Europe
See Synt.
Who
§ 92.
:
^
THIRD CONJUGATION.
61.]
169'
knows, whether fortune will always smile upon him
why you
not,
have derided me.
I
have been convinced, that neither will you dissuade Tell me,
our souls will remain after death.
The
thy opinion.
commanded
the city, forthwith executed
manded).
The
the
We
it.
(part. perf. i^ass.
city.
The
of jvieo) to assault
command (= what had been comever stick in my mind. The re-
(=
bloody war, has rernamed
(gen.) this
hunters have sweated and frozen.
I
hope, that
thou hast persisted in
The
soldiers have pressed the
stuck) in the
After
has lightened,
it
it
From
enemies veiy much.
ana modera-
countenance of the man, shone (perf) dignity
tion.
know
all.
thunders. the
I
I fear, that this pain will
membrance of minds of
why
general ordered the soldiers to attack the
having been
soldiers,
(sibine).
have not dissuaded the peace, and
have rejoiced, that (quod) thou hast dared to speak thy opin-
ion freely.
The
Carthaginians were accustomed (perf) formerly to
use elephants in war.
THIRD CONJUGATION. ^ 61.
Perfect
I.
a) 1.
—
Supine
si ;
The stem ends
in
clausum,
Claudo, clausi,
In the compounds ud^re, to include.
au passes
d or
:
—sum
;
t:
daudere, to close. into w, as
:
includo, usi,
2.
Divido, (^ivlsi, di visum, dividere, to divide.
3.
Laedo, laesi,
laesum,
compounds
In the
usum,
laedere, to hurt.
ae passes into
i,
as
:
iUido,
isi,
isum, idere,
to strike against.
4.
Litdo, lusi,
5.
Flaudo,
So
p
lit
sum,
Ivdere, to play.
plausum,
la usi,
also applaudo (I applaud)
au passes
into o, as
:
explodo,
;
osi,
plaudere, to clap. in the remaining
compounds
osum, odere, to
off^
clap
8.
rdsum, rddere, to shave, shear. Rodo, rosi, r osum, rodere, to gnaw, slander. Triido, trusi, trusum, trudere, to thrust.
9.
Vddo, vddere, to go
6.
7.
without Perf and Sup. But the compounds have both, as evado, e v a u m, evadere, to come out, escape.
off.
;
:
s
To ••
drive
Rddo, rdsi,
10.
Cedo, cessi,
11.
Mitto,
these succeed the following
cessum,
mi si, mis sum, 15
ce<5?c/g,
to give
:
way.
mittere, to send.
s
i,
e v a-
::
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
170
quassum,
Qudtio, (Perf. wanting,)
12.
[^
The compounds change qua
into cu
^^a^e/*^, to
and form the
61.
shake. Perf., as
decutio, decussi, decussum, decutere, to shake down,
The stem ends
b)
13.
Mergo, mersi,
14.
SpargOy
in g^ c, or ct
mer sum,
wer^e/e, to phinge.
spar si, spar sum,
spargere,\o scatter (sow).
In the compounds a of the stem passes into go, ersi, ersum, ergere, to besprinkle.
16. 17.
Flecto,
18.
Necto,
19.
flexu m, fiecttre,
flexi,
c) Finally, the
to bend.
compounds
In the
comprimo,
Fluo
XC V.
essi,
concedere,
to he
to
concede^
imprlmere,
join
to-
fe-
to join. to
abl.),
n.
i,
reign,
kingdom.
mock.
discludere, to separate,
sit,
orum,
praecordia,
bis post
vituperatur
confitendum
tibi est,
n.
bility,
magna in utramque partem, miserint, et poenam semper ante
viritim,
tis,
mundum ut
adv.
una-
man
by
Si ridere con-
est.
deum omnium
Si concesseris, esse administrari.
Magna
neque timeant
In
;
vis est conscien-
[ii],
qui nihil
oculos versari putent
Virtutes ita copulatae connexaeque sunt, ut
particlpes sint.
actor.
perpetuity.
imprudens,
Numae regnum clausum
tamen cachinnatio.
ejus consiho
on is, m.
man.
animis dei notionem impressit ipsa natura. tiae, et
tator.
cachinnatio, onis,^. an unrestrained laugh.
tvares.
diaphragm.
Temphim Jani
spectator, oris, m. spec-
perpetuitas, atis,/. sta-
m. a bushel.
i,
regnum,
to deceive.
to flow.
histrio,
Hbra, ae,/. a pound.
modms^
gether.
to
break,
to impress.
c.
passes into i, as
Exercises for translation.
place, set.
corradere, to scrape
eludere
ffctsft,
I'ocare {in
gether, connect.
deludere,
and
learned
copulare,
connectere,
m
to press together.
fluxu m, fluere,
fl u xi,
elidere,.
allow.
premere, to press.
of the stem before
commit.
to
to
e
essum, imere,
(for Jluvo),
Words
Committere,
two following belong here.
pr e s si, pres sum,
Fremo,
21.
carint.
consper-
:
nexui, nexu m, neatere^ to unite, plait. Pecto, pexiy pexum, pectere, to comb. Plecto, (plexi,) pie xum, plectere, to iplait
20.
cessum
as
Tergo, tersi, t ersum, tergere, to wipe, (kindred form oUerg^e HO. VII 3). F'lgo, fi X i, fi xum, f'lgere, to fix.
15.
22.
c,
[ii],
com-
qui pec-
omnes omnium
Caesar populo praeter frumenti denos medics ac toj
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
61.]
tidem
olei libras
dit perpetuitati
amissis
illis, sit
locis disclusit
Omnis ne
nummos
trecenos quoque
est,
difFi-
ne aliquando,
Plato duas partes amnmi, iram et cupiditatem,
miser.
iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia
:
locavit,
Si quis irnprudens te laeserit,
Si vitae molli et efFeminatae te dederis, brevi tempore
ei irascere.
omnes
nervi virtutis
amico
me delusum
sententia ab
Qui
virritim divisit
bonorum suorum, timeat necesse
Gallia in tres partes divisa est.
sustinuerunt,
171
elisi
esse
omnes
Cur me
erunt.
elusistis
!
Nescisne, a perf ido
Histrionibus, qui heri praeclare partes suas
7
spectatores applauserunt.
Epicuri de
beata
vita
Sunt multi,
omnibus acutioribus philosophis explosa est
qui in pecunia corrasa vitae felicitatem »collocatam esse putent
XC VI.
Words
learned
to he
and
Exercises for translation.
emerge^ exagitare, to disquiet Concludere, to include, emergere, to up^ work one's exanimare to kill, rise confluere, to Jlow to-
tofowasun-
run
der,
exsibilare, to hiss
self out.
gether^ assemble. diffluere,
thrust
fugare, to put to fight.
to
thrust
nebula, ae,f. a mist. clypeus, i, m. a shield. stimulus, i, m. goad.
down.
into.
defigere, to fix, render firm^ to turn upon
hasta, ae,/. spear.
extrudere,
from.
[dispel,
discutere, to drive away,
something. transfigere, to transfix,
dispergere, to disperse,
deflectere, to deviate.
dispicio,
plunge
tum
under, sink, suppress.
eyes.
demergere,
Te
to
tantum luctum
orto,
spexi,
3.
to
open
the
caligo, in is,/, darkness.
um,
salvus, a,
mobilis,
e,
safe.
changeable.
quondam, adv formerly.
et
?
laborem detrusum Spero,
ducis fortitudo et consilium discussit
demersum
occultavit.
Animus
est.
demersae, tandem emerserunt.
vi
Marius senile corpus paludibus ex altissimo domicilio depres-
coelestis
sus et in terram quasi demersus
tium
spec-
esse, graviter doleo. Cur amicum aegrotum e morbo evasurum Si animus e corpore evaserit, tum demum vivet et vigebit. Sole caligo discussa est. Omnia pericula, quae urbi irapendebant,
in
aedibus istum extrusisti esse.
off.
to
detrudfire,
Leges, per longum tempus hos-
Deus immortalis
sparsit ani-
mos in corpora humana. Omnia, quae nunc artibus conclusa sunt, quondam dispersa et dissipata fuerunt. Epaminondas quum superasset
Lacedaemonios apud Mantineam, atque ipse gravi vulnere exani-
mari se
Quum hostes. fixus,
una
videret, ut
primum
dispexit, interrogavit, salvusne esset clypeus.
salvum esse a flentibus suis audisset, rogavit, essentne Quum id quoque audivisset, evelli jussit eam, qua erat hastam.
fugati .traiis-
Alia omnia incerta sunt, caduca, mobilia: virtus est
altissimis defixa radicibus.
Cicero omnes suas curas cogitationes-
IRREGULAR VERBS.
172 que
\
in reipublicae
Terum quidem virtutis via
Qui
salute^ defixit.
dicenti fides haberi
deflexurum
hominuin multitudo
in
[^ 61.
serael a veritate deflexit, ei
Non
solet.
credo, te
Die, cui banc coronatn nexueris.
esse.
urbem
ne
unquam de Ingens
confluxit, ludos publicos spectatum.
,^
The Romans closed (perf.) the temple of Janus twice after the reign of Numa. If it is conceded to me by thee, that there is a God, ihou must confess that the world is managed by his counsel. What thou hast promised, thou must hold to [tenere, gerundive). The idea(= notion) of God, is impressed upon (abl.) the souls of all men by nature Men, by whom crimes have been committed, are disquieted by the goads of conscience. God has connected all parts of the world
lierself.
together (inter
se).
Hast hoji heard, that grain has been distributed
to (dat.) the poor by the king?
man tune.
will
be happy, even
Plato
believes,
that
It is
A
virtuous
shall
have
(=
partaking of virtue)
lost all the gifts
of
for-
anger and passion are separated from
the reason and understandin;^ into four parts.
•
when he
The
general has divided
all
the troops
not doubtful, that a soft and efifeminate^life will,
in a short time, enfeeble all the
powers
(=
of virtue. Knowme ?^~]tjasi'{i= -yes^^^
nei-ves^t
est thou not, that the faithless friend has deceived
were (perf) applauded by all. Hast thou the actors have been hissed and clapped off?
terday) evening, the actors
heard, that lately
all
Many think, that, if they have scraped together (subj.) much gold, they may be happy. The heads of the captives were sheared (perf) by the fioldiers. What misery has brought thee (= thrust thee down) into so great grief? That (iste) man hast justly been thrust from the house. When once (quando) a I hope, that we shall escape the danger. (aliquod) dream has turned out (evadere) true, many men believe, that The sun has driven away the mists. this has not happened by chance. which threatened the state, are dispelled by the wisdom and bravery of the general. I hope, that thou wilt soon emerge from Immortal souls the misfortune into which fortune has plunged thee. Our soldiers have been placed (= sown) by God, in mortal bodies. All the attacked (perf) the enemies dispersed and put them to flight. cares and thoughts of Cicero were turned upon the welfare of the republic. I know, that thou wilt never deviate from the path of virtue through wickedness. For (dat.) whom is this crown plaited? I beAll dangers
lieve there is a great multitude of
to behold (sup.)
men
the public games.
later (posterior) times,
assembled
It is
known,
ran into (diffluere) luxury.
in the city, in
that the
order
Romans
^
^
:
THIRD CONJUGATIOIC.
$62.]
§ 62. 1.
—
Perfect
II.
colui,
Colo,
Supine
ui ;
cultum,
:
173
—tum^—
colere,
\tiim^
attend
to
—sum,
to,
cultivate,
honor. 2.
c.
;
some 3.
4.
consului, cdnsultum, consulere, to delibersome one c. dat, to consult for
Consulo,
ate
ace, to consult
occiilui, oc
Occvlo,
Compounds:
—
ripio,
—
ripui,
—reptum,—
ripere, as: arrlpio,
/
erui, s ertum, serere, to join together. texui, textum, texere, to weave.
Sero, s
6.
Texo,
7.
Ah,
ahii, altum, dlere, to nourish. Cumbo, cuhui, cuhltum, cumber e, to lie. The simple verb is not used, but its compounds, bfire, to lie
9.
occvlere, to conceal.
appropriate to myself.
6.
10.
cultum,
Rdpio, rapui, raptum, rapere, to snatch, plunder, carry off seize,
8.
;
one.
as: discum-
down.
Depso, depsui, depstum, depsere^ to knead.
fremui, fr emitum,
Fremo,
fremere,
to
murmur,
grumble. 1 1.
Gem/),
1 2.
Gigno,
13. 14.
g emui, g emitum, gemere, genui, genltum, gignere,
sere, to
bray, pound.
posui, posltum, ponere
Pono
17.
to beget, produce.
molui, m, oil turn, molere, to grind. Pinso, pinsui, pinsltum (and pinsum, pistum), pinMolo,
15. Pono,
16.
to groan, deplore.
arises
to place, lay.
c. abl. ),
vomere, to vomit.
V^TTW, vomui, vomltum,
Frendo,
{in
from posino, and posui from posivi.
frendui, fresum
or
fr essu m,
frendere, to
gnash. 1 8.
Meto,
messui, messu m^ metere, The
Remark. snore, strepo,
to
mow,
reap.
following want the Sup. sterto, stertui, stertere, to sound, resound ; tremo, ui, ere, to trem:
ui, ere, to rustle,
compounds of pesco,
compesco, compeseui, compescere, and the compounds of cdlo except percellere : excello, antecello, praecello / excel, Pf cellui excelsus and praecelsus (lofty, distinguished) are used adjectively. ble ;
the
to restrain
;
as
:
volo, ui, velle, to unsh
;
;
15*
IRREGULAR VEEBS.
174
XCVIL Ampere,
Wards
to seize
to be
dirlpere, to plunder.
conserere,
to
gether, to be
learned
and Exercises for
depugnare,
upon,
to fight (for
or death).
life
disserere,
to
discuss,
to
implant.
tity,
praeponere,
to
n. grave^
i,
3. to step
n. cover,
covering, onis,
f,
change. migratio, onis,/.
m^ra-
tion.
caerimonia, ae,yi sane- recordatio, onis, f. re-
speak,
ingignere,
gressus
Jorth.
letfail.
i,
commutatio,
down, progredior, let down, sum, gredi
to cut
demittere, to
translation.
sepulcrum,
tegumentum, to
sew.
demetere,
62.
burial.
join to- jurare, to swed^. hand to suo, sui, sufiim 3.
hand.
[§
religious
many. praetorium, aPs tent.
place be-
fore.
i,
n.
cere-
collection.
mutus, a, um, dumb. gener- supremus, a, um, last, mature, adv. speedily.
In omnibus negotiis, priusquam aggrediare,
consulto opus
estl;
rem ipsam aggredere. Socrates supremo vitae die multa de immortalitate animorum disseruit. Manibus consertis, milites nostri fortitudlne excelluerunt Animus moderatur Zeno in una virtute beatam et movet id corpus, cui praepositus est. vitam posuit. Natura ingeniiit homini cupiditatem verum inveniendL Omnibus animalibus a natura ingemta est conservandi sui custodia. Alexander, victor tot regum atque populorum, irae succubuit. Spero, te semper maximo studio in litteras incubiturum esse. Caerimonias ubi autem consulueris, mature
sepulcrorum homines, maximis ingeniis
praediti, non tanta cura coluiseorum mentibus, mortem non interltum esse omnia delentem, sed quandam quasi migrationem commutationemque Si vitae, quae in claris viris et feminis dux in coelum soleret esse. ingenium tuum artibus litterisque excultum erit, et tibi et aliis utilis
sent, nisi haerferet in
eris.
Dux, ne
luit
Ne
corpdrum
milites
animum
vel texta,
Oratio tua totos nos ad se ripuerimus, direpta
si
Scipio pugnavit
est.
etiam mCiit,
mundo.
cum
demessum
quum
cum
Cui non locus
mente non solum jam demessuerunt, sed
in horrea congesserunt
Ajax multa
ar-
hostibiis
Hannibale, prope nato in praeforio
est,
Agricolae frumentum
animum
Expugnata urbs ab
atque educato inter arma.
mutus, ubi altus aut doctus
versetur?
Quaerit Socrates, unde
rapiiit.
nullus fuerit in
patris, fortissimi ducis, alto ille
demitterent, vulnera sibi inflicta occu-
peccatum deo occukum manere. Tegumenta Quis pulchram illam vestem texiiit ? vel suta sunt.
crede, uilum
grata recordatione in
Ipse Hector toto pectore tre-
cum hilaritate progrederetur depugnaturus cum
illo.
there
is
need of one's deliberating.
:
:
J
THIRD CONJUGATION.
63.]
Tne Romans act.)
:
sent (perf.) ambassadors, in order io consult (part fut
the oracle.
soldiers
know,
I
that thou hast cared for
me and
mine.
The
hand to hand with the enemies. The soldiers they would not desert [their] general. God has placed
were
swore, that
(perf.)
Nature has produced gold,
the soul before the body.
in short (denique) all metals for the use of (gen. of the gerund) the truth
human
175
race by nature.
(=
what
true),
that thou
I rejoice,
so great zeal to literature.
is
silver, brass, iron,
The
men. is
desire tojind
implanted in the
hast applied thyself with
doubt not, that the wise [man] w ill never
I
If thou shalt have cultivated thy
sink under the pains of the body.
genius by arts and literature, thou wilt be useful both to thyself and to [thy] native
Why
land.
I
hope, that thou wilt always honor thy parents.
me ? didst thou think, that me ? The enemies, ajler they
hast thou concealed thy faults from
thou wouldst always conceal them from
had taken
the
their goods.
of fortune place (ace.)
city, (abl. abs.),
and plundered
killed (perf) the citizens
The wise [man] will be happy, even when all the gifts may be snatched from him. Gratefully we remember the where we were nourished and brought up.
§ 63.
III.
Perfect
The stem of the
Pres.
1.
Li-n-o,
2.
Si-n-o,
sivi,
lltum, situm,
3.
Se-r-Oy
sevi,
sdtum,
Ie
V
i,
— is
vi
Supine
;
:
—
turn.
strengthened by n or r
/iwe?-g,
to
;
besmear.
sinere, to let, permit. screre, io
sow.
In the compounds, a of the Sup. passes into i, as consevi, consltum, conserere, to seed down, plant.
The
:
consCro,
following have suffered a transposition of letters in the
Perf and Sap. 4.
5. 6.
crevi, cretu m, cernere, to sift, discern. The Perf and Sup. occur only in the compounds. Sper-n-o, sprevi, spr etu?n, spernere, to spurn. Ster-n-o, strdvi, stratum, sternere, to spread. Cer-n-o,
Finally there belong here the following in sco 7.
crev i, cr etum,
Cre-sc-o,
So
:
grow 8.
to decrease,
together
No-sC'O,
;
grow
grow.
excrescere, to grow up, grow again, concrescere, to the remaining compounds want the Sup.
accrescere, to
decrescere,
crescere, to
to,
increase,
recrescere, to
novi, no turn,
noscere, to
be acquainted with.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
176
So
[^
63.
internosc^re, to distinguish, ignoscere, to pardon, pernos-
:
cere, to become thorovgMy acquainted with, praenoscere, to become
acquainted with before ; but, cognoscere, to become acquainted with, agnoscere, to perceive, praecognoscere, to become acquainted with previously, recognoscere, to become acquainted with again, to re-
view,
form the Sup. in ilum, as
:
cogmtum.
pdvi, pa stum, pascere, to pasture, feedguievi, quietum^ quiescere, to rest. Sci-sc-o, sclvi, scitum, 5mce/e, to decide. Sue-sc-o, suevi, sue turn, 5we5cere, to be accustomed.
^. Pa-sc-o, 10. 11. 12.
Quie-sc-o,
XCVIII.
and Exercises for
Wbi'ds to be learned
Decemere,
under, place under, to
deter-
to
mine, to discern.
subject.
seceriiere, to sever, sep-
traction,
importare,
sow
inserere, to
in,
rangue
im-
invidia,
plant.
oblinere,
besmear,
to
daub.
har-
to
the people.
corpor«us,
f
poreal.
ae,
pros-
to
envy,
butyrutn,
i,
n. butter.
consternere,
spread messis, is,/, crop.
Insita est nobis corporis
satum non
est.
Omne, quod
substravit animo. prostravisti.
nostri
cor-
adv. there.
opportune, adv. opportundy. sublto, adv. suddenly.
Ibi
carltas.
messis non
est,
ubi
erat
Probus, imperator,
Aureum montem apud Moesiam
Proelio commisso,
Die, cur consilium
spretae virtulis exagitat.
rogat, tiur
Displicet, qui se externis
vox opportune emissa.
panem
moribus
Venustas
meum
spreveris.
butyro oblitum oblUus
oblevit.
su-
telia,
sis
Audi, edere.
Rem
dubiam decrevit saepe non comitia haberi non siturum
et pulchritudo corporis secreta
Cato concionatus
vinum ad
omnia longe lateque
Sceleratum hominem conscientia
armis, cadaveribus constrata erant.
Mater te
um,
a,
concretum atque corporeum, deus Vita tua malevolorum obtrectationes et invidias
periorem vineis consevit,
est a valetudlne.
ibi,
as-
sembly of the people.
to strow.
substernere, to
n.
loveli-
communis, e, common, known by all.
hatred.
comitia, orum,
trate.
grudge.
aUs,f
ness.
vinea, ae,/. the vine.
prosternere,
puer!
venustas,
to import.
concionari,
arate.
translation.
obtrectatio, onis, /. de-
est, se
omnino importari non siverunt. Cur desisti (desivisti) istum librum leg6re ? Thebanorum potentia, quoad iis Epaminondas et Pelopldas praefuerunt, mirum in modum crevit. Amicitia nostra cum aetate accrevit. Non dubitamus, quin flumen, quod (esse).
Galli
se
sublto accrevit, etiam sublto decreturum sit
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
63.]
XCIX. Words
deponere,
assuescere,
sacra,
(c.
dat.) to
accustom one's self, to accustomed (to he
luxuries, ei,/.
on my reWgxo,
me
auctore,
perstition.
[c. ahl.) to relieve,
abl.), to
a,
um,
dear.
quotidianus,
a,
um,
dilucidus,
hleness,
de-
prive.
daily, fiitlVis, e,
suavitas, atis,/. amia(c.
sition.
voce versus multos uno
tempesta-
pronuntiare consuevit.
spiritu
Cereris sacra populus
quum
Demosthenes sum-
Pompilium, regem alienigenam, patribus auctoribus, adscivit.
Romanus
sibi
Numam
ipse populus
maxima
a Graecis adscita
Ubi animus paululum e negotiis requieverit, ad
religione coluit.
advolabo, in cujus amore et suavitate spero
que curas doloresque depositurum veris, spero, te ejus
me
mores perno-
Si amici mei
esse.
do
innocentiam agniturum eique ignoturum esse.
eum
fame dominante, plerumque ad
Quid
temere assentiare.
est
tarn
locum, ubi pastae aliquan-
quam quicquam approbare
futile,
Populus Romanus eo
magnitudinis (= Quid
magnitudinera) crevit, ut viribus suis conficeretur.
jucundum cognitu atque que verbis ornata narratio est.
rum
auditu,
oratio ?
Quo
Cato, quoad
quam
Nature has implanted is
in
ad earn
est tarn
sapientibus sententiis gravibus-
brevior, eo dilucidior et cognitu facilior
vixit,
virtutum laude crevit.
natura cognita, levamur superstitione.
hast not sown, there
Si
tiiebere.
Cave, ne incognita pro cognitis habeas iisque
sunt, revertuntur.
noncognitum?
te
conquieturum omnes-
luxuriem orationis tuae depaveris, magni oratoris laudem Bestiae,
little,
amiable dispo-
caussa prodire prohibentur, ludis delectantur.
ma
frivolous.
paululum, adv. a
Multi homines, labori assiduo et quotidiano assueti, tis
country,
mitting, constant.
f religion,
superstitio, oiiis,/ su-
free.
privare
from another
assiduus, a, urn, iinre-
advice.
on'is,
scrupulousness.
approbare^fo approve,
extrava-
gance.
sacred
n.
alienigena, ae, foreign,
adviser;
accustomed.
levare
orum,
rites.
be
to
Exercises for translation.
to lay aside,
auctor, oris, m. author,
something). consuescere, to accustorn one^s self,
and
learned
to be
Adsciscere, to adopt.
177
us a love for (gen.) our body.
not a crop.
Omnium
re-
^
Where thou
Believe not, that thou wilt put an
(== prostrate) the detraction (plur.) and envy (plur.) of the wicked.
end
to
We
feared, that the soldiers
(fut.
perf ) spurned virtue, thou wilt not be happy.
had prostrated
advice has been spurned by thee.
spread with
butter
it
It
If thou hast
why ray Boy, hast thou eaten the bread
by thy mother?
mother had not spread
all [things].
I
thought
Tell me,
(= believed)
that
has been determined by the general, to
:
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
178
64.
[§
Before thou shalt have separated thyself from the
attack the enemy.
wicked, thou wilt seek
vain the intercourse of the good.
in
It is
cer-
which have decreased in winter, will increase in the spring. I am accustomed (perf. act. of consuesco), to read someNuma P|rnpilius was adopted (perf) thing from (gen.) Homer daily. by the Roman people [as] king. It is known, that the Roman people tain, that tlie rivers
adopted .
(perf.)
the sacred rites of Ceres from the Greeks.
prived of public
When I
Cicero, de-
found satisfaction in the study of
offices,
(=
the sheep to pasture
§ 64.
IV.
Perf.
The shepherd
field.
brother,
The sheep
doubt not, that thou wilt perceive his preeminence.
have eaten down the herbs of the
literature.
my
thou shalt have become intimately acquainted with
drives (agere)
in order to pasture, sup.),
—
ivi
Supine
;
:
—itum
the fourth
(like
Conj.). 1.
Cupio, c
2.
Peto,
up Ivi,
something,
3.
c
up Itum,
p etituvi,
petlvi, .to
cupere, to desire, wish. petere,
attack something;
some one. quaeslvi, quae sltuni, i,
after
request of
aliquo, to
quaerere, to seek.
Quaero,
In the compounds, ae passes into
seek, strive
to cd)
as: exquiro,
isivi,
isitum,
irere, to examine, trace out.
4.
Rudo,
rudivi and
5.
Tiiro,
tr'ivi
rUdltum,
rudi,
(for terwi )
trltuni
,
rudere, to roar.
(for teritum) terere, to ,
rub.
6.
The following also in esso arcesslvi, ar c e ssitum,
Arcesso,
7.
Capesso,
8.
Facesso, ivi,
Ivi,
make 9.
itum, itum,
trouble, tp
Incesso,
ivi,
Saepe homines
ere, to
vex)
Itum,
pax quaesita
petiveris, tria vix
deponere parati exquisiveris
civium.
!
make
res,
{nego\\\\ra.facessere, tp
to take one's self off
ere, to
ere, to attack.
provoke.
quas vehemter cupiverunt, adepti fastidiunt.
Audistine, ut leones rudiverint.? nisi
;
(Sup. wanting,)
ivi,
10. Lacesso,
arcessere, to bring.
ere, to seize.
Bellum
ita suscipiatur,
ut nihil alilid,
videatur.
Quum omnem
amicorum
paria invenies, qui alter pro altero vitam
erant.
Erechthei
Ne
antiquitatem
judlca de re prius,
filiae
Omnis Romanorum
memoria
quam eam
re-
accurate
cupide mortem expetiverunt pro vita
philosophla repetita est a Graecis.
So-
;:
:
^
THIRD CONJUGATION.
65.]
emendandis aliorum mocommunia, tamen a
crates totam vitam aique aetatem contrivit in ribus.
Praecepta
virtutis,
quamvis contrita
Importunus
attrivisse.
Non
dubito, quin
fugamque
quum arma
Vix hostes milites nostros ad pugnam lacesaratro arcessivisse.
Romani
nationibus adscita atque arcessita,
Scarcely had the lion roared,
The
beasts took (perf.) flight.
when
have been
death the
Do
sufficiently
was sought by
provoked by the enemies,
soldiers,
examined by
known
It is
(perf )
me
fear,
friend by thy licentious jests.
It
is
65.
§
V.
Compounds
:
—
riipi,
Siipvne in h or
I
b)
ritptu
:
:
turn.
/
as
:
perci-
and lambo, Iambi,
lambere^
*^ in c,
age7-e, to
g
or
qii
lead, drive, do, act,
make;
to spend.
So: circumagere, have
—
rumpere, to break.
tyi,
to
drive round,
satag^re, to have enough to do trary,
:
copere, to take, seize, receive.
The stem ends
actum,
of time
p
begin.
want the Supine.
Ago, egi,
power (opes) of
— cepi, — ceptum, — cipere,
Scdho, scdhi, scdbere, to stitch,
3.
provoked the
hast
that the
cipio,^^
pio, 1 perceive, incipio,
Rumpo,
i ;
TheVtein ends
dpi, capt%m,
Capio,
known,
—
Perfect a)
because troublesome
city,
that thou
by Hannibal.
(perf) formerly wasted
to lick,
of
Romans have brought
that the
I
2.
life
nations.
daily.
1.
it
History relates, that
thee.
of Erectheus for the
have taken myself'so hastily from the
was
have
As so6n as the enemies they seized their arms and fought. I
sacred rites from foreign
attacked (perf ) our soldiers,
Italy
would
We
not judge concerning a thing, before
the daughters
plough by the RomaHS.
men vexed
general, that he
tiie
W!g^read, that the consuls were brought from the
citizens.
many
religiosissime coluerunt.
from the camp against the enemies.
(se) forth
sought peace, not war. shall
Leglmus, Ro-
Multa sacra, ab ex-
the other (ceterae omnes)
all
w^ished (perf.) to fight, and asked (perf.) of
them
Nisi
sit.
capessivissent, cives
capessiverunt eosque incessiverunt.
mauos saepe consules suos ab
lead
Italiae
negotia.
facessivic
nova lege civibus negotium facessitum
eos armis incessivissent.
teris
Hannibalem
homo multa mihi
iste
milites propere ex urbe facessivissent
siverunt,
sint et
Constat, bello Punlco secundo
paucis observantur.
opes
179
—
^igo,
egi,
;
peragere,
the other
actum, igere, as
:
cari-y
through,
compounds on
the con-
to
ablgo, / drive away, exigo,
—
:
lEREGTTLAR VERBS.
180
/ expel, (of time) Ipass, has
codgere), 4.
:
65.
I subjugate ; cogere, to compel (from
subigo,
coadum.
coegi,
factum,
Fdcio, feci,
[^
Concerning the Pass.
facere, to make, do. factus sum,
fio,
:
fieri,
and
its
compounds
The compounds with prepositions have in the Imper. see § 76. —flee, as: perfice; the rest retain /ac; from calfacere, however,
we 5.
have
Ico,
calfdce.
ictum,
lei,
strike
to
icere,
;
of a league
to con-
:
clude. 6. Jacio,
j eci, j actu m,
Compounds:
—
-jicio,
—
throio hack, reject, subjicio, 7.
So, allego, /
—
jectum,
/ throw under,
lectum,
legi,
J^ego,
jdcere, to throw.
jeci,
—
as:
jicere,
rejicio,
/
subject.
legere, to collect, read.
perlego, / read through, praelego, / read
elect to,
before, relego, I read again, snblego, I gather from below ; the folligo, as colligo, / lowing, on the contrar}', have in the Pres., collect, (coUegi, coUectum, colligere), deligo and eligo, / choose, re-
—
colligo,
/ collect again,
seligo,
/
select ;
:
but diligo, Hove, intelligo, / :
understand, negligo, / neglect, have in the Pei*f dilexi,
8.
exi,
as
:
diligo,
dilectum, diligere.
franger
fr actum,
Frango, fregi,
The compounds
:
—
fringo,
—
^fregi,
—
e,
to break.
fractum,
—
fringere, as
perfringo, perfregi, perfractum, perfringere, to break through. 9.
10.
Lmquo, Vinco,
11
qui, lictum, linquere, to
victum,
v'lci,
Fugio,
fugi, fUgere, c)
Compounds: mere,
to except
;
in
m
emere, io buy.
The stem ends
dcutum,
AcOo, dciii,
overcome.
has no Supine.
Imo, Imere, as: eximo, exemi, exemtum, exIbut in coemo, / buy in quantiiies, the e remains, d)
12.
to flee,
The stem ends
em turn,
emi,
11. F^mo,
\eB.ve.
t;mce7e, to conquer,
The comjwunds want
in
u or r
.•
dcOere, to sharpen.
the Supine.
13.
ArgOo,
14.
Fxuo,
argui, argutum, ar^uere, to accuse. ex Hi, exutum, exuere, to put off.
15.
Indm,
etc. I
16.
Imbuo,
17.
Lao, lui,
18.
Minuo,
put on, clothe.
etc. I dip in lit
etc. I
turn,
;
c.
abl. I
/were, to
diminish.
imbue with. wash.
;
THIRD CONJUGATION.
65.]
$
Nuo,
19.
nod, in compounds, as
etc. I
rutum,
rui,
20. Riio,
sputum,
21.
Spuo, spui,
Statuo, etc. I place firmly.
The compounds change
nod
adniio, I
:
to.
rush (but Part. Fut. ruiturus),
ruere, to
22.
181
to spit.
.spitere,
the a of the stem into
as
i,
:
destituo,
/ desert. Suo, etc. I sew.
23.
24.
TribOo, etc. I gfve.
25.
Solvo,
26.
Volvo,
olvi, soliitum, volvi, voliLtum,
s
solvere, to loose;
volvere, io xoW.
Metuere (ui), to fear, pliiere want the Supine.
(plui),
sternuere
to rain,
(ui),
to
sneeze,
Words
C.
Afficere, to
to be af-
affect
learned
fectus, affected.
spend foedus,
be
throw
a-
league.
eris, n.
potestas, atis,y. ^ot^^cr.
excerpere, to make ex-
furiosus,
tracts from.
to
a,
urn, mad,
insane.
benefactum, i,n./avor. modo, adv. only, jvst»
delinquent. disjicere,
Exercises for translati&n.
to
(time).
delinquere, to do some-
thing wrong,
and
transigere,
to
dominatio, onis,/. si/jai/.
sunder, scatter.
Eodem modo Priusquam
to
opus
testate est
Unus
;
affecti
consult©
mature
ipsos.
fa c-
Sola virtus in sua po-
omnia praeter eam subjecta sum fortunae dominationi. bene
ex praeceptis philosophiae actus, peccanti immor-
et
anteponendus
est.
Conscientia bene actae vitae multorumque
benefactorum recordatio jucundissima
est.
Appetitus rationi sunt sub-
Victus est Xerxes magis
ject! lege naturae.
quam
simus, quo erga nosmet
et, ubi consulueris,
Acti labores jucundi sunt.
est.*
dies,
talitati
erga amicos
incipias
armis Graeciae.
Themistoclis,
consilio
Quid hominem octoginta anni
juvant, per in-
Quos viceris, amicos tibi esse cave (ne) credas. Proquum, corporibus relictis, cupiditatum erimus expertes. Quid est tam furiosum, quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis, nulla subjecta sententia ? Pecuniam ertiam exacti
?
fecto beati erimus,
si
cuipiam fortuna ademit, tamen,
consolatur honestas egestatem.
runt in hostes
quod modo
;
hi
dum
existimatio est integra, facilo
Milites, captis armis,
autem propere fugam ceperunt.
impetum
ic6rant, rupto, sublto in castra nostra irruperunt.
philosophus in ratio ne vitae deliquerit, eo turpior *
There
is
est,
need that you should consult, and
16
fece-
Hostes, foed^re,
quod act.
Si quid
artein vitae
IRREGULAR VERBS.
182
Plinius nullum librum legit, quern
profitetur.
[§
non excerperet.
65.
Gives,
omni libertatisrecuperandae spe adempta, mis^ram transegerunt vitam. Milites yiostium aciem perfregerunt et disjecerunt ab hostibus
Foedera
subacti,
ab hostibus
icta
Wards
CI. Destituere,
to
fracta sunt.
learned
to he
desert,
leave behind.
and
gloriari, to glory.
pallium,
'mdu\gent'm,ae,f.indid-
discrimen,
gence.
instituere, to instruct.
to
involvere,
to
envelope, to
reject.
spectably.
Quis, honesta in familia institutus
eum
stetisset
laesnra
Num
naturam evolverunt.
educatus ingenue, non ipsa
et
cives inermes destituerunt.
tibi
unquam
placebit,
Milites
Pacis nomine
Quum
quod omnium mentes
in ipso discrimine periculi
animus, cognitis perceptisque virtu-
obsequio indulgentiaque discesserit, voluptatemque op-
omnemque
mortis dolorisque timorem effugerit, cultumque
puram religionem improborum
prosperitates redarguisse dei bonitatem
non solum omnes
artes,
Num
erit beatissima.
ra Herciili sanguine Centauri tinctam tunlcam induit. ta gloriatus est, se
aciem ad bona
susceperit, et exacuerit ingenii
deligenda et rejiciendacontraria: turn vita nobis credis,
Carthago diruta
ofFendltur.?
sit,
Philosophi involutam multarum rerum
aspernatae sunt et respuerunt?
tibus, a corporis
non
annos sexcentos sexaginta septem.
bellum involutum reformido.
dei et
\posite.
i,
dience.
turpitudine, etiamsi
presserit,
atis,/.j9ro5-
m. ring. contrarius, a, um, opsoccus, i, m. sock, shoe, liberalis, e, liberal. disprove, obsequium, i, n. obe- ingenue, adv. nobly, re-
respuere, to
quum
inis, n. c?w-
perity.
annulus,
involve,
redarguere,
est,
n. cloak,
under gar- prosperitas,
ment.
sharpen.
i,
tinction.
effiigere c. ace. to escape, tunica, ae,y.
exacu6re,
Exercises for translation.
?
Dejanj-
Hippias sophis-
quibus liberales doctrinae
atque ingenuae continerentur, scire, sed annulum,
quem haberet, palmanu confecisse.
lium, quo vestitus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se sua
Words
CII. Deflcere,
to be
and Exercises for
dissolvere,
to fail.
praef icere, deminuere,
learned
persolvere, to pay.
to diminish,
evuere, to dig up.
diluere, to dilute, wea-
lessen,
severitas, iitis,/. sever-
obruere, to cover up.
ity.
designare, to designate.
ken.
Homines metalla
extenuare, to extenuate^
reZcrx.
to set over,
translation.
terra obruta eruerunt.
Milites in expugnatae ur-
bis cives ita saevierunt, ut
omnem
Divina lex non scripta
sed nata : qua non
est,
humanitatem exuisse viderentur. instituti,
sed imbuti su-
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
65.]
Nemo
mus.
tam immanis, cujus mentem non imbuerit deorutn
est
Pueri aiiimum tenerum virtutis praeceptis imbiiinius.
opinio. itatio,
183
omnes
humanas
res
fragiles et
Quae
tias exteniiavit et diluit.
Cog-
caducas esse, omnes meas moles-
observata sunt in usu ac
tractatione
dicendi, haec ab hominibus doctis verbis designata et partibus distributa sunt.
Divitiae,
morum
quae ad exteris nationibus
Romam
disciplinam severitatemque dissolverunt.
militibus promiserat,
The
non
confluxerunt,
Stipendiis,
quae dux
persolutis, seditio concitata est.
If thou shall
passions ought to be subjected to the reason.
have spent thy hfe according to (ex) the precepts of virtue, the entrance to heaven will stand open to thee. friendship,
when
It is
hard to retain (tenere)
God has set the may be made by
thou shalt have fallen from virtue.
Some
soul over the body.
doubt, whether the world
chance (ne whether^ attached to casu) or (an) by the divine reason.
Romans had (subj.) conquered,
uncertain, whether the
Then (tum) first (demum) will the soul enjoy a happy life, when The enemies have broken (rumpere)
quered. it
was
It
or had been con-
have deserted the body.
shall
When anything has been done wrong by a philomore base, because he teaches (= professes)
the concluded league.
sopher,
it is
the art of
much
so
If
life.
the light of
life
the
any one
from
camp.
Thou
liberty,
Caesar, after the line-of-battle
us.
of the enemy was broken and scattered into the
from us
(quis) has taken (fut. perf.)
will be taken
(abl. abs.),
wilt not enjoy a peaceful
led his soldiers back
life,
before that thou
The
shalt have subjected the passions to the reason.
defenceless
cit-
izens were (perf.) deserted by the soldiers, in the very (ipse) crisis of
danger.
The
It is
known,
soldiers fled
that the
Romans
should be conquered by the enemies. hid in
(abl.)
the earth, are
the belief in (gen.)
destroyed (perf) Carthage.
because they feared (perf of metuo), that they
God
?
The
dug up by man. Parents,
state.
soldiers
is
which nature has not imbued with the
minds of
and have instructed them
in
deserve well, not only of (de) their children, but also of the
We
have weakened the wine by
reflection will
By
Who
who have imbued
their children with the principles of virtue literature,
metals,
weaken
all
thy troubles.
(abl.)
water.
I
hope that
this
Already the powers of our
were diminished, when the enemies made (perf) an
the riches, which flowed together (perf)
to
(ace.)
attack.
Rome
after
the destruction (abl.) of Corinth, the ancient discipline and severity
were relaxed (perf). Since the general had not paid [their] wages to the soldiers for (per) two months, a sedition was excited (perf ) in the camp. Hast thou heard, that the city has concluded a league with the enemies, but that
:
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
184 they have broken
I believe, that I
§ 66.
1.
Cando
sum, 2. 3.
4.
in
camp of
the
have sufficiently disproved thy reasons.
VI. Perfect a)
66.
After the troops were collected
(frangere) it?
general determined (perf.) to attack the
(abl. abs.), the
enemies.
[$
—
i ;
Supine
md
The stem ends
:
—sum.
or t:
compounds, as: accendo, accendi, ace en-
accendere, to kindle, inflame.
cudi, cusum, ciidere, to forge. d i, esum, edere, to eat. Fendo in compounds as defendo, d efe ndi, d efe Ciido,
Edo,
e
:
sum,
defendere, to defend.
5.
Fodio,
fo d i, fo ssum, foderCy
6.
Fundo,
to dig.
7.
fu di, fusu m. fundere, to pour. Mandoy mandi, man sum, mandere, to
8.
Fando,
9.
Prehendo,
pa ndi, pa ssum,
n-
pander e,
chew.
to spread.
pr ehendi, prehensum,
prehendere,
to
grasp. 10.
scandi, scan sum,
Scando,
—
as 11.
scandere, to mount.
—
—
—
scensum, scendere, scendo, scendi, In the compounds adscendere, to ascend, scale, descendere, to descend. : :
Sido, sldi, (Sup. wanting,) sldere, to In the
compounds
sidere, to sit
12.
Str'ido,
13.
Verto,
:
—
sido,
sit.
— —sessum,— sedi,
sidere, as
:
con-
down.
str'idi, (Sup. wanting,) strldere, to hiss.
verti,
versum,
vertere, to turn.
Finally, there belongs here the neuter passive 14.
Fido, f'lsus sum, So
:
conf idere,
fidere, to trust.
to confide in, diffidere, to distrust, despair. b)
The stem ends inlorr:
vein, vulsum,
vellere, to
pluck.
15.
Velio,
16.
Psalh, psalli, (Sup. wanting, )j05a//e?"e, to play the lyre,
17.
Verro,
Remark.
verri, (Sup. wanting,)
verrere, to
sweep.
be noticed, that the stem-vowel of these verbs, The two followis long in the perf. ing verbs form an apparent exception Findo, JMif fissum, iindSre, to split, (so also its compounds),
when
It
is
to
short in the other parts,
:
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
66.]
185
scissum, scindere, to ad (so also its compounds). The same is originally took the reduplication. percello, perciUi, perculsum, percellere, to strike true of the compound See § 62, II. Rem. violently (from the obsolete cellere, to impel).
Scindo,
scidi,
But both these verbs
:
Words
CIII.
Comprehendere,
to
to he
learned
em- exedere,
and
Exercises for transkition.
consume,
to
liquefacere,
incendere,
confbdere, to stab. effbdere, to dig out.
diffundere,
to
enkindle,
to
procudere,
money)
disperse.
proficere, to benefit.
pervehi,
inflame.
diffuse,
make
to
liquid.
corrode.
brace.
to forge
(of
;
convey.
colonia, ae,y! colony.
to coin.
;
lacerare, to Utcerate,tear.
velum,
2) throw q^(the rider),
digerere, to dispose, di-
furor, oris, m. madness,
efFundere,
to
offundere,
pourforth
flow a-
to
gainst, diffuse, spread
n. sail.
vetustas, atis,/. age.
gest.
inscribere
dat.)
(c.
inscribe, write
over.
i,
to
upon,
conspectus, us, m. sig*^. antiqultus, adv. anderUly, formerly.
Constat,
Tyriorum colonias paene
toto orbe terrarum diffusas fuisse.
Quo
In morte portum nobis paratum [esse] et perfugium putemus.
utinam
velis passis
revocatus
Italia
offusus
est.
pervehi liceat
Hannibal patriam defensum ex
!
Nihil proficiunt praecepta,
quamdiu menti error
Beate vivendi cupiditate incensi omnes sumus.
est.
Ingens
nummorum numerus hoc anno procusus est. Aegritudo animum meum laceravit, exedit planeque confecit. Epigrammatis, monumento inscripti, litterae
vetustate exesae erant.
oppugnatam, acerrime defenderunt. vis in
Hispania est efFossa.
Milites urbem, ab hostibus
Antiquitus
magna auri argentique ducem confoderunt.
Milites, furore capti,
Equus repente corruit consulemque lapsum super caput efiudit. Cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo (= ut eo) facilius digeran-
Quo magis virtutis vim animo et cogitatione comprehenderimus, eam admirablmur. Proditores urbis deprehensi in conspectu omnium civium necati sunt. Nonne vides omnium ora atque oculos in te conversos ? Multi facultatem dicendi ad hominum perniciera tur.
eo magis
converterunt.
CIV. Words
to be
Convellere,
learned
and
rescindere,
to
Exercises for translation. tear,
to
break doum.
convulse.
desidere, to sink down,
transgredi, to pass over.
diffindere, to split.
mora, &e,f. delay. nodus, i, m. a knot.
discindSre, pieces.
to
tear
in
scrupuhis,
16*
i.
m. anxiety.
motus, us, m. motion.
motus
terrae,
quake.
earth-
[ersoever.
quocunque, adv. whithadv. namdyt
scilicet,
doubtless.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
Wl$ Qiuocunque
vel oculis, vel
te
plena esse omnia,
dum ense
converteris, divinae bonitatis
Alexander, rex Macedonum, Gordli no-
intelliges.
diffidit, scilicet
animo
[$ 67.
diffisus,
eum
a se solutum
Quum Han-
iri.
nibal Alpes transgredei-etur, multa ingentis magnitudinis saxa diffissa
Quis tibi vestern discidit? Quid? discissane est? Pompeii motu desederunt. Quis nescit, apud Romanes eloquentiam ad summum honorem adscendisse ? Caesar, militum virtuti coufisus, sine mora hostilem exercitum adortus est. Litterae tuae omnem sunt.
terrae
scrupialum mihi ex animo evellerunt.
Est boni regis
rempubllcam labefactatem eonvulsamque
The goodness of God The sails are spread. over
(dat.)
My
do).
When we
shall
quum
diffused through (abl.) the
whole world.
Superstition has spread (offundere) darkness
The king has coined a
the souls of men.
this year.
money
is
oflEicium,
videt, opitulari patriae.
mind
is
torn and
have eaten,
we
great quantity of-
consumed by
grief (aegritu-
will take a walk.
The
city,
which was assaulted by the enemy, was (perf ) very bravely defended by the citizens. Anciently, the Spanish (Hispanus, i) dug up much gold and silver (= much of gold and silver). By thy bravery, thou hast turned
all
eyes and minds upon
Never has a wise [man]
(in) thee.
trusted to the stability of the gifts of fortune, but rather, has always It is known, that the knot of Gordius was not loosed by Alexander, but severed by the sword. The general was stabbed by the soldiers, because he ventured to quiet their sedition.
distrusted them.
How often has the faculty of speaking (gen. of ger.) been turned to (ad) the destruction of
Mountains and
men
!
The enemies have broken down
the bridges.
We
have been sunk down by earthquakes.
cities
already descended from the mountain, as
we
had
heard (perf), that you
were ascending (subj.) it. All anxiety has been removed (evellere) my mind by thy letter. Who does not know, that the long war has shaken the state violently ? Caesar by a few words inflamed the
from
soldiers for the battle.
§
67. VIII.
Perfect with the Reduplication.
Preliminary Remark. The Reduplication consists here, in those verbs of which the first vowel of the stem is i, o, or m, in the repetition of the first consonant of the stem with this vowel, but with the remaining verbs, in the repetition of the first stem-consonant with c 1.
CddOy cecidi, cd5wm,
Compounds
:
—
cido,
cd^^ere, to fall, to
— — cidi,
casura,
—
happen.
cidere
;
so
:
occido,
/
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
67.]
go to ruin, incido, Ifall upon and want the Supine, as: concido, idi, 2.
:
—
cido,
— — cidi,
cisum,
Ifall back ; the others
tofaU
togeihtr.
fell, kill.
—
cidftre,
as
occido,
:
/JfciK.
Cdno, cecini, cantum, canere, to sing.
Compounds 4.
recldo, idere,
Caedo, cec'idi, caesMWi, caec?eYe, to
Compounds 3.
187
:
—
cino,
—
cinui,
cucurri, cursum,
Curro,
—
cinere, as
:
conclno,
ui, ere.
currtrCy to run.
Most of its compounds are both with and without the reduplication. 5.
Disco, didlciy (Sup. wanting,) discere, to learn.
So
also
its
compounds, as
perdisco, perdidici, perdiscere, to
:
learn thoroughly. 6.
Fcdh^ fefelli, falsum,fallere, to deceive. Fallit
me, U
—
The Part, falsus is commonly used Compound: refello, refelli, (Sup. want-
escapes me.
as an adjective, /a?5e. ing), refellere, to refute. 7.
Pango, peplgi, pactum, pangere, to fasten, to bargain, agree to on condition.
Compounds
:
—
pingo,
—
pegi,
—
^pactum, pingere, as
:
compin-
go, to fasten together. 8.
Parco,
peperci, parsum, parcere
9.
Pdfio,
pep eri,
(c.
dat), to spare.
partum, par ere, to bear (ova parere,
lay eggs), to acquire.
Particip.
to
Fut.^an^Mrw5 (for^ar^u-
rws). 10.
Pelh,
pepuli, pulsum, pellere,
Compounds
:
—
pello,
expuh, expulsum, expellere, 11.
Pendo,
pep end
i,
to drive, repel.
— — puH,
to
—
pulsum, drive away.
^pellere,
as
:
expello,
pensum,pendere,io^\xspend.,wei^,Xo
pay, compensate.
The compounds have no appensum, appendere, 12.
Posco,
to
to,
:
appendo, appendi,
append.
poppsci, (Sup. wanting,) joo5ce re,
So also its compounds, demand of request of 13.
reduplication, as
hang
Pungo, pupugi, punctum,pungere,
Compounds: terpungo,
to
demand.
as: exposco, expoposci, exposcere, to
to prick, hax^LSS.
— pungo, — punxi,—punctum,—^pungere,
to distinguish.
as:
in-
;
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
188
67.
[}
Tango, tetigi, tactum, tangere, to touch.
14.
Compounds:
—
tingo,
— — tigi,
attactum, attingere,
tigi,
tactum, tingere, as: attingo, at-
to touch, reach.
Tendo, tetendi, tentum smd temum, tender e, to stretch,
15.
spread, extend (tendere insidias, to lay snares).
The compounds with the
Sup.
contendere,
:
are without the reduplication and generally
— tentum,
draw
to
as
contendo, contendi, contentum,
:
together, exert one's self, strive.
Tundo, tutudiy tuns'um, tmidere, to beat, stun.
16.
Compounds
:
—
tundo,
— —tusum — tudi
contudi, contusum, contundere,
tundere, as
Rem. 1. The two following verbs have and retain it in the other tenses
the reduplication in the Pres.
brbo, bibi, bibltum, bibere, to drink (so also sisto, stiti,
Rem. 55,
statum
sistere, to place, stop (so its
The compounds of
2.
compounds), compounds).
its
dare with monosyllabic
also belong to this class, as
II, 1.)
contundo,
:
break in pieces, crush.
to
words (comp
^
addo, addidi, additum, addere,
:
to add,
C V. Words Concinere,
sound
gether,
to he
sing
to
to-
off,
to
go
render
to
pemianent.
tofy away.
arum,
Et
discas oportet,
innoxius,
pulsae recedunt
simulatque sit,
est.
et
Ingenuas didicisse
Non
delectat.
praesto, adv. present.
quod
ita falsi
;
amicum senem (eos).
um, inno-
didicisti,
agendo confirmes.
Male parta
Ut hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt, frigore
hiemem
incertum
a,
cent.
noctu, adv. by night.
meal, feast.
et,
a stringed in-
frigus, oris, n. cold.
a
/.
populari, to lay waste.
male dilabuntur.
fidi-
strument.
emollire, to soften.
epulae,
pro-
n.
is,/ siring;
with
back,
retire.
restituere, to restore.
lot.
confirmare,
i,
bus, canere, to play
recedere, to
fall
fides,
view.
des-
troy. to
proverbium, verb.
inspicere, to look upon,
obtingere,
devolare,
Exercises for translation.
ovtrthrow,
to
demolish.
to-
gether.
excidere, to cut
one^s
and
learned
evertere,
amici sereno vitae tempore praesto sunt
fortunae viderint, devolant omnes.
Quod
cuique
obtlgit,
innoxium a se occisum fideliter artes, emollit
tarn utilitas, parta per
Hannibalem non Ex quo
tes gesturos esse.
reruni honor occidit
fefellit,
(sc.
Quid casurum Clitum
id quisque teneat. esse,
Alexander dolebat.
mores, nee
sinit esse feros
amicum, quam amici amor ipse
ferocius,
quam
consultius
tempore) pecunia in honoi-e
Silva vetus ceddit, ferro
rem hos-
fuit,
quam nemo
verus cecidit.
;
$
THIRD CONJUGATION.
67.]
Epaminondas
Datur cohortibus signum cornuaque ac tubae con-' Trasimenum anno CCXVII ante Christum'
In pugna, ad
natum commissa, quindecirn
in acie caesa sunt;
Etruriam, diversis itineribus
Numantiam a Scipione excisam
dixi, falsiim erat
;
me non
cur
eversam
et
quum
dierum essent
triginta
Si id,
esse.
Hostes pacem nobis-
refellisti ?
pepigerunt, ut milites a nobis captos restitueremus.
Lacedaemonius, tiae,
omnem
petierunt.
Constat,
cum
Romanorum
milia
decern milia, sparsa fuga per
quod
pris-
scribit,
ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes
in epulis cecinisse
atque virtutes. cinuerunt.
urbem
Cato
fidibns praeclare ceciiiisse dicitur.
Romanos
cos
189
cum
Cleomenes,
hoste pactae indu-
noctu populabatur agros, quod dierum essent pactae, non noctium
Dux,
indutiae.
quum urbem
expugnanda cum
ad ea defendenda, non
urbem intrasset. Urbe expugnata, milites, non aetate confectis, non mulieribus, non
exercitu,
furore capti, juraverunt se
Ovorum
infantibus parsuros esse.
omnibus, publicis et
cepisset, aedificiis
privatis, sacris et profanis, sic pepercit, quasi
inter se similitudo est in proverbio
tamen Deli* fuerunt complures, qui, permultas gallinas alentes, ovum inspexerant, quae id gallina peperisset, dicere solebant.
maximam laudem
crede, te tua virtute
C VI. Words Compungere,
to be
to prick,
learned
to
cry out
to
found, pre- stimulare,
to
goad.
distinguere,
to
distin-
to
run
to destroy, ruin.
loquacltas, atis, /.
break
to
potus, us, m. drink. spurius, a^
m. ad-
i,
tudit.
Die, a
ficiscitur
Garrulus
spuri-
versary.
Admiramur
praeclaros
per summis laboribus et periculis ad contenderunt.
um,
ous.
Catilina multas insidias Ciceronis vitae tetendit, sed hie
machinationes contudit.
lo-
quacity.
[forth.
nota, ae, /. sign, mark,
adversarius,
through.
perdere,
sustain.
erumpere,
guish.
percurrere,
n. cellar.
i,
ahleness.
sustentare, to preserve,
serve.
translation.
doliarium,
festivitas, atis,/. agree-
together.
condere,
Mihi
pariturum
and Exercises for
conclamare,
mark.
tibi
quum
homo
quo haec grana tunsa
magna spe civium
;
summam laudem
loquaciiate sint.
avaritia
omnes
illos viros,
illius
qui sem-
gloriamque
sua aures meas plane tuMetellus in
Numidiam
enim magistratuum ante
id
pro-
tem-
Numidia Romanorum opes contusae hostiumque (opes) auctae Verres, simulac tetigit provinciam, maximae avaritiae totum erant. Duae in Capitolio se tradidit. Totum librum legendo percucurri.
pus
in
* at Delos.
See Synt.
§ 92.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
190 aedes multaque
uno anno de coelo
alia aedificia
cum
quotiescunque congressus est
rum
Tu
copias pepulit.
[$
tacta
snnt
Agesilaus,
hostibus, multo majores adversario-
temeritatis tuae
maximas poenas
pependisti.
Conclamabant omnes Carthaginienses, satissuppliciorumase pro
pensum
meritate unius hominis, Hannibalis,
Milites,
esse.
nrbem
Tu
Buerunt.
ex animo scrupuluni
mulavitac pupugit. pupugit,
Philosophia,
me
dies noctesque
pau[)ertas moniordit,
si
grammaticus,
Aristarchus,
Homeri
versus, qui spurii ei videbantur, notis
Omnes
cives, belli calamitatibus confecti, paceni expoposcerunt.
in doliariis cond^ta
ciae civitates,
dum
eos
quibusdam compunxit.
habebantvina, pipere et melle condUa.
RoGrae-
imperare singulae cupiunt, iniperium omnes perdi-
Perdltis rebus omnibus, ipsa virtus se sustentat.
derunt.
The Gauls [their] cities
a bad
sti-
ignominia
Festivitatem habet narratio, distincta per-
sermonibus.
interpuncta
et
qui
evellisti,
si
quid tenebrarum ofFudit exsilium, singularum rerum pro-
si
prias consolationes adhibet.
mani
te-
in-
non cibum, aut potum poposcerunt, non armorum onus depo-
gress!,
sonis
67.
way
(Gallus,
i,)
with walls.
(male),
he
have learned from the Greeks, to surround
any one has acquired
If
will also lose
them
has turned out otherwise than (atque)
perf ) riches in
(fut.
The
a bad way.
in
had expected.
I
thing
Alexander,
seized (capere) by anger, killed (perf.) [his] friend Clitus, an old man.
Thy
friendship has always afforded
faithless
alone
friend has deceived me.
(solus),
we
all
upon a
my
The
old oak,
sister
It is known, that Scipio which stood before (ante)
Since Cleomenes had agreed
felled yesterday.
he had agreed upon a truce of days, not of nights.
have heard, that peace has been agreed upon
The
the enemy. facere)
The
(=
bargained) with
ship having struck against a rock,
made
(perf of
shipwreck. citizens of the city hoped, that Caesar,
would
other captured
cities,
that our army,
which under
also spare theirs. the conduct
who had It is
conduct of a good general,
A
its
will acquire for itself
victory gained by treachery, redounds
conqueror not for praise but for disgrace.
was crushed by (emittere) so
the prudence of Cicero.
much
the
more
already spared
not to be doubted,
of a bad genercd (duce malo im-
peratore) has acquired for itself great praise by
praise.
The
had sung (perf)
truce of thirty days with the enemy, he laid waste the fields by
night, because
We
the greatest pleasure.
After
sang together (perf).
demolished (perf) Numantia. our house, was (perf)
me
violently, the
bravery, under the still
(=
(etiam) greater is)
to (dat.) the
The rashness of Catiline The dart will be discharged more (magis)
the
bow has As
been drawn together (contendere) and drawn up (adducere).
;
$
;
Caesar entered (ingredi,
hands
(perf!) [their]
that
:
:
THIRD CONJUGATION.
68.]
ed
;
;
subj.)
Who
been struck.
The
the captured city, the inhabitants extend-
him, and entreated
to (ad)
Why
he would spare them.
191
dost thou
has struck thee
[orare,
weep boy
?
perf.)
because
I
him,
have
?
firmness of the general and the bravery of the soldiers, have
weakened
Scarcely had I
the attack of the forth-breaking enemies.
reached the house,
when
was
it
(perf.)
struck
(=
touched) by lightning
Our soldiers repulsed the enemies at (abl.) the first attack. The whole book has been run through by me [in] reading (abl. of gerund). The traitor has paid just punishment for his offence. As soon
(de coelo).
as the horns sounded (perf. of canere\
Virtue sustains
gether.
§ 68.
itself,
even
all
the soldiers ran (perf.) to-
if (etiamsi)
it
may have
lost all.
VIII. Inchoative Verbs.
All inchoative verbs (in sco), i. e. verbs which express a hecoming or beginning of the idea contained in the primitive, fol-
low the
and coincide
third Conj.
their primitives, as
and Sup. with
in the Perf.
:
inveterasco (from inveterare), inveteravi, inveteratum, inveterascere, to
grow
old;
exardesco (from ardere), exarsi, exarsum, exardescere,
come inflamed,
to be
to be-
kindled
indolesco (from doUre), indolui, indolitum, indolescere, to feel
pain revivisco (from vivere), revixi, revictiim, reviviscere, to come to life
again, revive
concupisco (from cupere), conciipivi, concupitum, concupiscere, to desire (earnestly)
obdormisco (from dormlre), obdormivi, obdormitum, obdormiscere, to fall asleep.
Remark. The
inchoative verbs from the absolete oleo,
grow., (§ 58, HI, 4.) vary in their formation in the following adolesco, adolevi, adultum, adolescere, to grow up.
ui,
olere, to
way
exolesco, exolevi, exoletum, exolescere, to become old, inolesco, inolevi, (Sup. wanting), inolescere, to
grow
Also, obsolesco, obsolevi, obsoletum, obsolescere, varies
from
its
primitive, solere.
to
into.
grow
old, obsolete^
Very many inchoative verbs want the
warm (from caleo, ui, both Perf and Sup., as ni.gesco, /increase (from, augeo, xi, ctum, ere). Here especially, belong the inchoatives which are derived from substantives and adjectives, as
Sup., as
:
itum, ere,
incalesco, incalui, incalescere, to become to be
warm).
Some want
:
IRREGULAR VERBS.
192 repuerascere,
form the to
to
68.
; only a small number of these maturesco, maturui, maturescere,
become a boy again
which
Perf.
[§
is
in ui, as
:
become mature.
C VII. Words Coalesce, to
lui,
grow
to he
lltum 3.
together, coa-
lesce.
consanesco, nui 3.
come well. consenesco, nui
learned
and
adv^rtere, to turn (hith-
come light, daivn. recrudesce, dui 3.
auditor, oris, m. hearer.
er).
to
break out afresh.
to be-
rescisco, ivi or 3.
Exercises for translation.
illucesco, luxi 3. to be-
ii,
viscus, eris, n. bowels.
itum adulterinus, a, um,adtU-
3. to ascertain.
to
teraied, counterjeit.
condemnare, to can- contra, adv. on the conconvalesco, lui 3. to bedemn ; capitis, to trary, other side. death. come better, recover. quando, adv. when. to defervesco, vi 3. to burn permanare, Jiow
grow
old.
through, Jlow along.
out, subside.
omnem diem
Crede,
quum
narent.
Ratio,
pientia.
Quaeritur,
dens pro bonis, dibile
quum
memoratu
Quum
:
quam
nummos
soluturusne
facile
Romnai
sit
ei
acceperit impru-
eos pro bonis.
Incre-
Aborigines coaluerint.
pecunia, nee adhibita continuo ratio, quae sanet
est concupita
earn cupiditatem
perfecta est, norainatur rite sa-
sapiens adulterinos
id rescierit,
est,
Socratis responso
hominem innocentissimum condem-
capitis
adolevit atque
si
supremum.
illuxisse
tibi
sic judices exarserunt, ut
permanat
in
venas
et inhaeret in visceribus illud
ma-
lum. Endymio, nescio quando, in Latmo, Carlae monte, obdormlvit, nec-
dum
Oratori abstinendum est verbis, quae propter ve-
est experrectus.
Convaluistine tandem ex morbo, quo tamdiu
tustatem obsoleverunt. borasti
mos ad se advertebat quod jam consanuisse
rapiebatque, videbatur,
my journey. A bloody war Romans and
(inter) the
associates with these
the soul
and
riches.
As soon
recruduit.
when
;
I
commenced
broke out
Carthaginians.
words: Our
strong (valere)
is
jam plane
nunc
Scarcely had the day dawned, gredi)
la-
omnium auditorum anidefervit. Vulnus meum,
Ulius oratoris ardor animi, qui prius
?
(=
(
perf.
of ag-
was kindled) between
Catiline addressed (perf.) his
to us)
on the other
(= age
is
side, all is
as Caesar ascertained
vigorous (vigere),
grown
old by years
(perf), that the enemies
were approaching, he led out (perf) the soldiers from the camp. In a short time, the minds of all had coalesced into (abl.) so great (tantus) friendship, that every distinction of rank (ordo et locus) was forgotten.
I
have perceived with great pleasure from thy
hast recovered from thy long continued sickness.
The
letter, that
thou
sedition of the
—
:
$
:
:
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
69.]
soldiers,
1935
which had been quieted by the wisdom (consilium) of the
general, broke out afresh (perf) during his absence (eo absente.)
§
L 1.
Sepelioy
2.
Sdlio,
69. Fourth Conjugation.
—
Perfect
sep
el'ivi,
The compounds have II.
:
assultum,
Perfect
Hi
;
Supine
epultum,
s
sdlui, sal turn,
assilio, assilui,
1.
—
and
ivi
bury.
sdlire, to leap.
—
—
— Supine —
silio,
i ;
sultum,
silui,
assilire, to leap :
turn.
"sepellre, to
—
silire,
as
upon. turn.
:
comperi, compertum,
Competio,
—
:
comptrlre, to
as-
certain. 2.
reperi,
Reperio,
r
epertum,
reperire,
to
dis-
find,
cover.
But
aperio, rut, rtum, rire, to open, uncover, operio, rm*, rtum,
:
rire, to cover.
3.
V eni,
Ve7iio,
ventum,
venire, to
—
Supine
III. Perfect 1.
Amicio, {a
mix i and
si ;
come.
—
turn.
:
amicui, both rare),
amictum,
ami-
clre, to clothe.
2.
fa rsi, fartum,
Farcio,
The compounds have
:
—
farclre, to stuiF.
fercio,
—
fersi,
—
fertum, fercire, as
refercire, to stufffull, JUl up.
fulsi, fultum,
3.
Fulcio,
4.
Haurio,
5.
Sancio,
fulcire, to support.
hausi, haustum, sanxi, sancltum
haurlre, to draw.
6.
sanctum ; but sanctus, um, as adjective, sacred), sancire, to sanction. Sarcio, sarsi, sartum, sarcire, to patch, repair, re-
7.
Sepio,
8.
Vindo, vinxi,
(rare
a,
store.
sep si, septum, IV. Perfect:
Sentio,
with.
—
si;
sen si, sen sum,
C VIII. Words Consentire,
sepire, to
vine turn,
to
to be
learned
hedge around.
vinclre, to bind, confine.
—sum.
Supine:
sentire, to feel, think,
and
Exercises for translaMon.
agree dissentire, to disagree, dissent.
17
suppose.
desilire, to leap
down,
transilire,'to leap over.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
194
[$
69.
exhaurire, to exhaust.
dumfetum,
i,
n. thicket,
coetus, us, m. assembly.
indagare,
ludibrium,
i,
n. sport.
affluenter,
to
search out.
d\spe]]ere,to drive asun-
parricidium,
der, disperse.
i,
par-
n.
immortaliter, adv.
ricide.
cateiia, ae,/. chain.
munificentia, ae,/.
ciiratio, 6nis,y! cure.
mw-
spy.
documentum,], n.proo/I
rector, oris,
m. gover-
Regis sepulcro haec verba inscripta sunt hostes
xity
vicit.
Hostes
victi
:
all
sides.
Probe
catenis vincti in
et
im-
mortally.
m. a rursus, arfu. again. \nor. undique, adv. from
explorator, oris,
nijkence.
adv. plenti-
fully.
vixit,
improbos vin-
servitutem
abducti
Imperium justis Icgibus fultum esse debet. Rex, pace composita, rempublicam labefactatam sua virtute fuJsit. Virtus difficilis invenrectorem ducemque desiderat. Artes innuinerabiles repertae tu est sunt.
:
sunt, docente natura.
Vita,
si
undique referta bonis
Homines urbes moenibus sepserunt.
quam
est,
beata dicitur.
Occultae inimicitiae magis timen-
est tarn miser, ut non dei munificentiam humana, fabulas poetis suppeditaverunt, hominum autem vitam superstitione omni referserunt. Continuis bel-
dae sunt,
senserit 7
lis
apertae.
Quis
specie
Dii, induti
Quo
reipublicae opes exhaustae sunt.
undique hauserit, eo graviusardenti usque
sensurum
esse.
Spero, te
mecumcon-
Cicero Archimedis sepulcrum, septum undique et ves-
Fama
titum vepribus et dumetis, indagavit.
mum
quis affluentius voluptates
sitiet.
novos urbis muros
transiluisse.
est,
Lycurgus
ludibrio fratris
Re-
nihil lege ulla in alios
non ipse primus in se documenta daret. Hipplas gloriaquo amictus esset, se manu sua confecisse. Speramus, pacem omnia belli damna brevi sarturam esse. Una victoria omnia prius accepta detrimenta sarsit. Caesar, ubi per exploratores
sanxit, cujus
tus est, pallium,
comperit, hostes adventare, protinus milites e castris eduxit. liora
quarta sole dispulsa, aperHit diem.
sepultus
Eodem
est.
loco nostra
Nebula,
Academia Carolus Odo-
Plato Athenis* in
memoria sepultus
est
fredus Mlillerus, professor Gottingensis, vir praestantissimus et de antiquitatis disciplina
The the
state
king.
immortaliter meritus.
shaken by the war, has been supported by the virtue of Trajan alone of (gen.)
in (intra) the city [of]
Rome.
Men
nature teaching them (abl. abs.).
all
the citizens
is
buried with-
have invented innumerable
Cicero's writings
upon
(de)
arts,
philoso-
up with the most excellent principles of virtue. The government by just laws. O king, thou art to be pronounced (= extolled) happy, who hast always lived upThe rightly, hast bound the wicked, hast conquered the enemies. Many philosocities are surrounded (= hedged around) with walls.
phy, are
filled
just king has supported his
* at
Athens.
See Synt.
§ 92.
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
no.]
pliers say, that tlie soul
The horsemen
nature.
fought (perf) on foot (sentire)
from
concerning
What
it.
men.
man
of
leaped
has been drawn from (ab) the divine
down
(= footmen). my plan but
I
I
;
it
sanctioned perf.) nothing con-
ascertained, that
(abl. abs.) believing that
my
brother will
As
[it].
covered (perf)
(abl.)
come of
to-day
?
the sickness
discovered, find the ability of curing (gen.
man
entered
heads; but as he
God
heads again.
[their]
eyes with
is
the old
[their]
the cause
they have discovered the cure, so shall we,
the cause of sorrow
of gerund)
tirm
his
the losses of the
all
former (superior) losses are repaired by one victory.
hast thou
Just as physicians, when they have discovered
when
thou hast thought
had not been committed before
Peace, in a short [time], has repaired
All the
Whence
and
(ex) their horses
hope, that thou wilt not dissent
(=
Solon (Solo, onis) ordained
war.
from
(perf.)
know not, what
has been sanctioned by the laws, must be observed by
cerning parricide, because
(=r him).
195
(subj.) the
left (subj.)
it,
has enclosed (== hedged
assembly, all
in)
all
un-
covered (perf)
and covered the
very delicate membranes.
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS. § 70. 1)
Pos-sam^ pot-Hi, posse,
Preliminary Remark. Possum
is
to
be able (can).
composed of pot-is,
e (able),
and
the verb sunu
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
Present.
pos-*um, I able (can)
am
Subjunctive.
Perfect.
pos-sim,
I
may
be able
I have been able
pot-m,
pot-uerim, I
p6t-e5,
pos-sw.
pot-uisti
pot-ueris
pot-est,
pos-sit,
pot-uerit
pos-sumuSf
pos-simus,
p6t-uU pot-uimus
^t-estiSf
pos-sUis,
pot-uistis
pot-ueritis
pos-sunt.
pos-sint.
p6t-uerunt{ere)
Imperfect.
pot-eram,
I
able (could)
pot-uerlmus pot-uerint.
Pluperfect.
was pos-scm,
pot-eras, etc.
may
have been able
might pot-Meram, 1 had pot-uissem, I be able been able m'ht have been
pos-se*, etc.
pot-ueras,
et<5.
a.
p6t-uiss€S, etc.
Future Perfect. been able
Future. pot-ero, I shall be able
p6t'Uero, I shall have
pot-erw, etc.
pot-ueris, etc. Participle.
Infinitive.
Pres. pos-5e, to be able Peif. pot-wme, to have
|
I
p6t-en5 (only as adjective), able.
been able
The remaining Part
Fut. wanting. Imperative wanting.
are wanting.
!
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
196
CIX. Words (aliquem
Celare quid),
meditari
to
(c.
and
[situation,
m. condition,
desistere, to desist, cease,
situs, us,
[ate.
inducere,
adeo, adv.
enumer-
induce.
ace),
to
mitescere
lead
to,
pejerare, to swear false-
so, so very.
injuste, adv. unjustly.
(without
Perf or Sup.)
think [of something).
m. crea-
effector, oris, tor.
to
70.
Exercises for translation.
constitute.
from
one).
enumerare,
learned
constitiiere, io establish,
conceal
io
(something
some
to be ali-
[^
be-
\mnium,adv.Jirst. proinde quasi,jw5< a*
i/*.
bPergite, pueri, atque in id studium, in
quo
bis honori, et amicis utihtati, et reipublicae
Nemo
adeo ferus
est, ut
non mitescere
estis,
incumbite, ut et vo-
emohmiento esse
possitis
Hoc quotidfe meditare, Quidam idciico, deum esse,
possit.
ut possis aequo animo vitara relinquere.
putant, quia non apparet, nee cernitur proinde quasi nostram ipsam mentem videre possimus. Universum mundum quum cermmus, possumusne dubitare, quin ei praesit aliquis effector et moderator ? Nihil tarn difficile est, quin (= ut non) quaerendo investigari possit.
Bon
:
tanquam aliquis in pectus intimum inspicere pospersuasum esse debet, etiamsi deum hompossimus, nihil tamen injuste esse faciendum. Potes-
Sic cogitandum sit
;
et potest
inesque celare
est,
Satis nobis
tisne dubitare, quin
deus universum
mundum
gubernet
Non
?
possu-
Cur nobiscum ambulare non potes ?
mus.
Alcibiades Athenas Lacedaemoniis servire non poterat pati.
Marcel-
primum, deinde equites, quanto maximo possent, impetu Agesilaus non destitit, quibuscunque rebus in hostem erumpere jussit. j>osset, patriam juvare. Caesar, quam potuit maximis itineribus, exerlus pedites
citum contra hostes duxit.
non
Casus
est,
evenire, vel aliter evenire potuerit.
neque ad usum meliores potuerint
stitutae sunt, ut
ciem pulchriores.
quum
esse,
neque ad spe-
Ante occupatur animus ab iracundia, quam provi-
dere satis potuit, ne occuparetur. potuerat,
quum sic aliquid evenit, ut vel Omnes mundi partes ita con-
Vix Caesar
hostes impfitum fecerunt.
milites e castris educere
Quid enumerem artium
multitudinem, sine quibus vita omnis nulla esse potuisset mentiatur, inducere possumus
;
?
Quern, ut
[eum,] ut pejeret, exorare facile poter-
Dolorem, si non potero frangere, occultabo. Facile intelligitur, nee figuram situmque membrorum nosirorum, nee ingenii mentisque
imus.
vim
effici potuisse fortuna.
Hoc primum
sentio, nisi in
bonis, amici-
tiam esse non posse. If
you earnestly apply
will be able to
(fut) yourselves to the study
of literature, you
be useful, as well to yourselves as to [your] friends and
.
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
^71.]
Socrates thought daily of
the state.
Canst thou
with equanimity.
come to me
to-day
When
No.
?
are not able to doubt, that
wise can be happy, even lere) virtue,
Why
is
it
when
we can always
this, that
why
me,
tell
197
he might be able to die
thy brother
is
not able to
you contemplate the whole world, you
The
ruled by a divine mind (mens).
they are tortured.
If
we
cultivate (co-
be happy.
cannot thy brothers come to
me
to-day
1
?
do not know, why
But why could they not come yesterday ? They could not come yesterday on account (per) of much business (plur.). What could have been (= has been able to be) given to the human race,
they cannot.
fairer
and more noble than reason
able to
upon
draw
(in)
The enemies had not as yet been Caesar made (perf an attack
?
their troops together, as
them.
Who believes,
that the
have been a We to be) made by chance
§ 71. 2)
The whole
Edo^
)
world can have been
essum, edere
edi,
(= may
?
and
irregularity of this verb, arises
esse, to eat.
from
its
having forms like
those beginning with es of the verb sum, which are used at the same time with the regular form ; but the form es from edo is long, from sum short.
and
Pres. Ind.
6do, Sdis and es, edit and
fmperf. Subj.
ederet and esset, ederem and essem, ederes and esses, ederemus and essemus. ederetis and essetis. edereni and essent
Imperative.
Sing. 2. 2.
and
3.
est,
ediinus, editis
ede and
es Plur. 2. ediio a.nd esto
cslis,
edunt.
edite and este. 3. edunto. ediioie a-nd estate.
Remark. So also its compounds, as comedo, / eat, consume, comedis and comes, etc. The forms not given in the above table are regular. :
ex. Words Symbola,
to be
learned
and Exercises for translation.
argentum
vivum, n. familiaris, e, belonging quicksilver, to the family ; res faof money orfood; de symbo- spatium, i, n. space. miliaris, estefe. lis edere, to eat at curculio, onis, m. com- perrumpere, to break common expense. worm. through. ae, /.
a con-
tribution
adolescentulus,
young man,
i,
m.
moles, is,/,
mxiss.
vae, interj. alas!
yovih.
Modice bibite et ; non viv6re, ut edamus. Heri aliquot adolescentuli convenerunt, ut de symbolis essent. Haec herba acerba esu est. Aegritudo lacerat, exest animimi planeque Esse oportet, ut vivamus
este.
17*
:
!
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
[^2.
Curculiones frumentum exesse incipiunt
Argentum vivum
198 confitciL
Majores nostri cavere non potuerunt, ne ve-
exest ac perrumpit vasa.
Quae unquam moles tarn firma fiiit, quam tustas monumenta exesset. non exessent undae ? Vae vobis, qui oranem rem familiarem luxuria comestis
Saturnus ex se natos comesse fingltur
!
quia consu-
solitus,
mit aetas temporum spatia.
Eat thou and drink moderately. Ye should eat moderately. Age consumes all monuments. Where dost thou eat to-day ? I came, that I know not, where you ate yesterday. (ut) I might eat with thee. My brother had called us in order to eat
sume
I feared that
(sup. in w).
to eat
Alas to thee,
thy mind.
§
72. 3) Fero^
tuli,
An
(sup.).
who consumest
Present Active.
thy whole estate
Present Passive. Ind. ^ror, ferrisj fertur,
ferim u s, fertis, fer u nt.
ferimur, ferlmini, feruntur.
Infinitive, ferre, to bear.
per.
is bitter
would con-
latum^ferre^ to bear, bring.
Ind. ferOjferSfJert,
Im- S. ^.ferJeHo
unripe grape
the sorrow (aegritudo)
Infinitive, ferri, to
be borne.
PI. 2.ferte,fert6te S. 2.ferre,fertor PI. 2. ferimrni,-nor
S.ferto.
3.
ferunto.
3. feruntor.
S.fertor.
Imperf. Subj. Passive,
Imperf. Subj. Active,
ferrem, ferres, ferret,
ferrer, ferreris
ferremus, ferretis, ferrent.
ferremur, fen-emini, ferrentur.
Rem. latum
:
1.
The remaining forms
(e),
ferretur,
are derived regularly from fero,
Subj. Pres. feram, as, ferar, aris (e)
;
tuli,
Ind. Imperf. ferebam, fere-
bar; Fut. feram, es, ferar, eris (e) Subj. Perf. tulerim ; Plupf tuleram, tulissem ; Inf. Perf. tulisse Inf. Fut. laturus, a, um esse ; Part. Ad. ferens, ntis, laturus, a, um ; Pass, latus, a, um, ferendus, a, um ; Ger, ;
;
ferendum.
Rem.
same manner the compounds,
the
2. In
oblatum, ofFerre,
to offer.
tollo, sus-tuli,
From
sub-latum, tollere,
to raise, take
The Perf and Sup. are from sufiero from which, suffer© (L e. sub. and fero), is to be carefully dietinguished.
CXI. Words Affero, 3. to
attuli,
bring
to he
allatum
to,
bring.
aufero, abstuli, ablatum
learned 3. to
as
:
offero, obtuli,
the stem of the Perf. tuli
and
(i.
e.
is
away, carry
sursum
fero,
derived off.
/ carry
aloft),
sustuli, sufferre, to bear, endure^
Exercises for translation.
bear away, take
away. confero, contuli, coUa-
tum
3.
to
bring to-
gether, compare.
defero, detuli,
delatum
}
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
72.] 3.
down, praefero,
bring
to
elatum refero,
extuli,
efFero,
3. to bear forth, bury.
illatum,
infero, intuli,
bring against
to
lum
latum
tuli,
bel-
;
to
tuli,
latum
bring back,
decedere,
gigas, antis, m. giant. aeternttas, atis, /. eter-
to
go
nity.
3.
funditus, adv.
refer.
die.
cum
whom, by what,
etc.
Confer nostram longissimam
Quid quaeque nox,
aeternitate, et brevissima videbitur.
aut dies ferat, incertum
summam
tibi
the
one.
Ferte misero atque inopi auxilium.
aetatem
from
foundation, wholly. qui (for quo), how, by
forth,
infero alicui, / doctor, oris, m. teacher.
make war upon
quae
3.
to prefer.
offer.
190
Incumbe
est.
earn curam et cogitationem,
in
dignitatem et gloriam afFerat
Ferre laborem con-
Pecuniam praeferre amicitiae sordidum est. Ut quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecunque agit ita minime Bonum civem reipublicae dignitatem suis omnibus est vir bonus. commodis praeferre oportet. Hoc doctoris intelligentis est, videre, quo ferat natura sua quemque. Is denique honos mihi videtur, qui non propter spem futuri beneficii, sed propter magna merita claris
suetudo docet.
;
viris defertur et datur.
..
Aristides in tanta paupertate decessit,
Poetae ferunt, gigantes bellum
rit.
vultum
domum
argenti,
quod ornamentorum
referebat, quern
ut,
qui efFerretur, vix reliqu^-
diis intulisse.
domo
Socrates
Quod
extulerat.
in urbibus Siciliae fuit, id
eundem quod
auri,
Verres
abstulit.
Multi etiam naturae vitium meditatione atque exercitatione sustulerunt.
deum sublata, fides etiam et societas humani deum esse, negant, nonne omnem religionem
Pietate ad versus
Qui,
tollitur.
sustulerunt
Caritate benevolentiaque sublata,
?
omnis
generis funditus
est e vita sub-
lata jucunditas.
Bring thou aid
to the
wretched and the destitute!
our longest age with eternity, (subj.) that
virtue.
it
is
very short.
The noble
and shivered
it
will
What
be necessary that
can bring to us a
(probus) youth bore (fero) and did
{perf. in
each
case).
Julius Caesar took
king Ptolemy, almost six thousand talents
my
boy
?
I
If we compare we acknowledge
bring a present which
my
(gen.).
fairer joy, all,
away (perf from
What
)
bringest thou,
father presents to thee.
thou not know, that Epicurus has referred
all
than
he sweated
Dost
[things] to (ad) plea-
Pleasure is i)referred by many to virtue. All (plur.) that we ? must be referred to virtue. The giants are said (feror) to have made war upon the gods. Cicero relates, that immense treasures were taken by Verres from the cities of Italy. A fault of nature has often been removed (= taken away) by exercise. The enemies were sure do,
;
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
200
[U3.
SO cowardly, that they did not even bear an attack of our soldiers.
I
did not doubt, that you
would (imperf.) bear the injustice offered (affero) you with equanimity. Through cruelty we are borne [on] to the foulest crimes. We feared, that war would be preferred by you to peace.
Thou
tude takes
away
wilt be borne [away]
the enjoyment of
all
by avarice
to base gain.
Thou
pleasures.
Soli-
shouldst not
When the news was be borne [away] by avarice to base gain. brought (subj.) that the enemy approached, Caesar led out (perf ) his would bring aid § 73.
The wretched [man] asked
from the camp.
soldiers
him
to
that
us,
we
(sibi).
Voloj volui^ velle, to will, wish.
4)
no/o (from ne volo), nolui nolle ^ to be unwilling
mala (from magis (would) rather.
volo), mdlui^ malle^ to
choose
Subjunctive.
1
Indicative,
.
volo
nolo
malo
velim
nolim
mdlim
vis
non vis non vult nolwmiw non vultis
mavis mavult maliimus
veils
noils
malls
velit
nollt
xnallt
vellmus
nollmus
malimus
mavultis
velUis
nolUis
malltis
nolunt
malunt.
velint
nolint
rmdint.
nolebam
malebam
\vellem
nollem
mallem
g vult vo\ii,mus
i^
'^ vultis
volunt
'^ volebam •-^
volebas,etc. nolebas,etc.malebas,etc.'veWc5, etc
volam, es.
nolam,
etc.
Imperative (of volo S. 2. nol
i,
nol
i
1
;
3. nol
i
t
o
;
.
nolles, etc. malles^ etc.
malam,
es, etc.
es, etc.
and malo wanting).
PI. 2. nol
i
t e,
nol
i
to
1
t
e
;
a
nolunto. |
Participle.
volens, ntis
nolens, ntis
;
Remark. The forms derived from malui
;
of malo
;
it is
wanting.
the Perf are regular: volui, nolui,
voluerim, noluerim, maluerim
;
Inf. voluisse, noluisse, inaluisse
;
Plupf. volueram, nolueram, malueram ; voluissem, noluissem, maluissem Fut. Perf. voluero, noluero, maluero. The remaining forms are ;
wanting.
<*fi'
/
/
CXII. Words
Defatigare,
maM
to
q
to he
weary,
weary ; pass, become weary.
i
to
a/-
,
learned
nobilitare,
and to
Exercises for translation.
make
knoum, renowned,
publicare, to make public.
^
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
73.]
make Unding.
sectari (c. ace), to fol^
adstringere, /o bind, to
Qui
mortem
poetae post
non
Si vis amari,
senex, quae volui, adolescens.
esse volumus.
Ego non eadem volo ama. Bono mentis fru-
Docilis est, qui attente vult audire.
euduin
est, si beati
Omnia
benefacta in luce se collocari volunt.
esse vultis, facere,
magna saepe
ex
intelligetis
simul attentunr facias
Si acres ac diligentes
Quem
parvis.
Sic
o})ortet.
quemadmodum nobiscum superiorem crates
sed gloriae.
virtuti laborat,
volunt?
uobilitari
serious.
ejusniodi, of this sortf of this nature.
cessity.
virtutein suarn publicari vult,
Nonne
um,
serius, a,
ne-
necessitas, atis, /.
low after pursue.
201
cum
docilem velis vivamus,
inferiore
Praeclare So-
velimus vivere.
banc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse, si quis id ageret, haberi vellet, talis esset. Si quis veram gloriam adipisci
ut, qualis
volet, virtutis officiis fungi debebit.
Nolilmus in conservandis bonis
eundem
Si quid per
cessitate, ut mihi,
sum judicio,
Libero
serium convertere.
velim nolim,
quum
Homines nolunt, jocum dixi, nolito in
defatigari.
viris
pluribus rebus excellere.
nulla ejusmodi adstrictus ne-
certa tuenda sententia.
sit
Socrates
Ego me Phidiam esse mallem, quam vel optimum fabrum lignarium. Utrum corporis, an Multi sibi malunt melius esse, quam ingenii vires tibi augeri mavis? noluit ex carcere educi,
alteri.
est, ut
facile
posset.
Quibus
Virtute in alia alius mavult excellere. nihil malint se
Amicitiae est ea
doctrina.
Vae
malueritrtrHUa-&it.
Malumus cum
vultis!
quam bonos
esse,
vis, ut,
viros
simulatque
vobis, qui divitias,
sibi aliquid,
quam
persuasum
id
reliqua facilis est
iis
;
quam
alteri,
virtutem sectari ma-
virtute paucis contenti esse,
quam
sine virtute
malebat,
quam
If w^e wish to bear (fero) our virtue before (prae) ourselves,
we do
multa habere.
Atheniensis, bonus
Aristldes,
esse
videri.
not labor for virtue but for glory.
Men
[when]
old,
you wish
to
If thou wishest to
be
very same which they wished (perf ) [when] ypung.
be loved by others, you must also love others. happy, thou must cultivate to take a
walk with us
?
virtue.
Thou
askest
Why
do not wish the If
does not thy brother wish
why he
does not wish
to undertake a great
undertaking (negotium), you must
ere) diligent preparation.
thou not? pres.
If
(Sub. pres.) to know.
to
he does
make
(adhib-
us to-day, or (an) wilt
May you (= you
will svhj.
of volo) also [when] absent, love us as you are accustomed to love.
it is
not,
we wish
Wilt thou come
;
If you wish
wish indeed, but he cannot on account of (per) business.
not allowed to live as
why you
did not wish to
we wish, we live as we come to us yesterday.
can.
We
know
:
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
202
Be thou unwilling good men.
We
cel in several
become weary
to
in the
are unwilling, that the very
who
They,
things.
are
must defend
live in
the country, rather than in the city
it,
[whether] they will
acquire riches, rather than
to)
preservation (gerund) of
same [man] should ex-
bound by a
timent,
[or]
?
certain (certus) sen-
not
Wouldst thou
Many would (= choose (perf.) to
be
The wise choose
to
Timoleon chose
virtue.
esteemed, rather than to be feared (metuo).
own judgment,
stand upon (abl.) their
[^4.
rather than [upon that] of an-
Who
other.
would not rather be virtuous (=: partaking of virtue, Would you rather live in the city, than in the we would rather live in the country.
compos), than rich?
country
?
§
74.
5) Eoy
ivi,
itum, ire, lo go.
Ten-
Subpmdive.
Indicative. ses.
Pres.
Ifnpf Futur. Perf.
eo, is,
It,
i-mus,
eunt
itis,
earn, eas, eat,
i-bam, i-bas, i-bat, etc.
Imperative.
P. 2.
i,
i-to, 3. i-to
i-te, i-tote,
Supine.
eant
i-verim, i-veris, i-verit, etc.
i-vi, i-visti, i-vit, etc.
Plpf i-veram, i-veras, i-verat, etc. F. Perf i-v6ro, i-veris, i-verit, etc.
S. 2.
edtis,
I-turus, a, uni sim, etc.
i-bunt
l-6o, i-bis, i-bit, etc.
edmus,
i-rem, i-res, i-ret, etc.
i-vissem, i-visses, I-visset, etc.
Participle.
Gerund,
t-tura,
Pres. I-ens,
eundum
l-tu.
Gen.
eundi
euntis.
Fut.i-turus,a,um. eundo etc.
3. eunto.
Rem. I. In the same manner the compounds are declined, as exeo, / go out, go foHh, abeo, / go away, redeo, / return. So also ven-eo, ven-ii, (see Rem. 2.), ven-Itum, ven-ire,
:
tion, it being entirely regular according to the fourth Conj., as: Pres. ambio, ambiam, Impf -ambieftam, ambirem. Part, anibiens, G. amhientis, Perf ambm. Sup. amhltum, Part, amhitus (but the substantive is ambitus, us, a going around), Ger. amhiendum. Rem. 2. The compounds generally drop the v in the ending of the Perf and the parts derived from it and vi if an s follows it, as abii, abisti, abiit, abierim, abisse, abissem, etc., venii, venieram, veniero. Rem. 3. In the simple verb of this class, only the third Pers. Sing, is used of the passive forms, as: itur, one goes, ibatur, one went, Itum est, one has gone ; the Infin. Fut. Pass, of all verbs is formed by the Infin. in joined to their Supines, as amatum iri. But the compounds with a transitive meaning, form a complete Pass, like other transitive verbs, as praeterire, to pass by before, pass over, praetereor, / am passed by^ prae:
:
:
^
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
74.]
teriris,
— —
^imnr,
^itur,
—
imlni,
—
euntur;
303
praeteribar, etc.;
amlnor {am-
biuntur, ambiebar) also in the Pass, is regular according to the fourth
Conjugation.
CXIII. Words Adire,
to
corm
c'lrcumire, to
to be
emori,
to.
go aroundy
obire, to die.
go
to
to
niti decet,
tibus, qui e
paratum
bello
redibant, laeti
cives mili-
obviam
Si ita natura
ibant.
cubitum
Illud
irent.
erat insitum
priscis, esse in
hominem,
deleri
sic
ut funditus
dum
et sexto aetatis
in corporibus essent mortalibus, vivere
Quicquid
emori.
statim te adibo.
inter
homines
urbis praealtum
Be on
alii clari viri
Abiit ad deos Hercules esset,
mare
cam
sibi
decay
Go
not know,
at
is
viam munivisset.
set before
our eyes,
some time; but
is
to
Muros turresque
go
often great
meet them.
to
one untimely.
that our soul will decay,
men come
the soldiers were returning (subj.)
went (perf )
I,
abisset, nisi,
passed over by us.
spiritedly against self-confidence
how
foede perierunt.
nunquam
:
exissent
rure rediero,
ambiebat.
thy guard, that thou dost not
much which
quum
;
Quum
translit temporis, perlit.
Pompeius multique
te fata vocant.
lieve.
quam nun-
Omnes
Romulus ad deos transisse credltus est. Augustus obiit anno. Mihi nunquam persuaded potuit,
circumiretur.
septuagesimo
will
Potius sero,
Augustias Themistocles quaerebat, ne multitudine hostium
interiret.
quum
Quis du-
silentio transeant.
ea dormientes agei-ent, quae somniarent, alligandi
esset, ut
morte sensum, neque excessu vitae
quo
Cor-
Omnes
tamen saepius pereunt.
ne vitam
est audaciae temeritatique.
domum
essent, qui
animos,
Pleraque, ante
Pereunt aliquando
est.
quin ex casa vir magnus exire possit?
quam, obviam eundum
iis,
sero, adv. late, too late.
necesse
interire
to
meet.
Abeunt hirundines hibernis mensibus.
innocentes; quis neget.^ nocentes
ex
very
high, very deep.
pus mortale allquo temi)6re
omnes
timely.
ad nos intempestive adeunt, molesti saepe sunt.
ociilos posita, transimus.
bitet,
um,
praealtus, a,
over,
homines summa ope
some-
obviam, adv. against,
tare.
pass thj'ough, away.
Qui
aliquando, adv.
3. to die.
excessus, us, m. depar-
ruin,
perish. transire,
translation.
a hut. time. angustiae, arum, y.nar- foede, adv. basely, in a row pass. base way. silentium, i, n. silence, intempestive, adv. un-
surround.
to
and Exercises for
casa, ae,/.
interire, to decay.
perire,
learned
(=
we
Very
Our body cannot be-
Who
does
go) forth from huts!
As
and rashness.
home from
the war,
all
the citizens
In the spring the swallows return to us,
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
204 in the
[§75.
autumn they go away. As Caesar was coming out (subj.) of was (perf.) surrounded by the enemies. When the
the woods, he
soul shall have left the body,
meet our
who
parents,
are
it
will
We
be happy.
go out
shall
returning from the country to the
to
city.
Hast thou not heard, that Pompey has perished in a base way ? The orators pass over all (plur.) that appears base to speak (sup. in u).
The men, who pass
(part,
of transire) their lives in silence, die (obire)
without fame.
QueOj quivi^ quitiim, qmre, to be able (can)
§ 75. 6)
;
and
ne-
qneo, nequivi, neqiiitum, neqvlre, not to be able (cannot).
Both these verbs are inflected throughout like eo, ivi, itum, ire, to go. of their forms, however, occur but rarely and, indeed, in good
Many
prose, not at
all.
These forms are omitted
in the following table.
Subjunctive.
Indicative queo
Pres.
queunt
nequeo
queam
nequls nequit
queas queat
nequlii^us nequltis
queamus
nequeamus
queatis
nequeatis
nequeunt
queant
nequeant
nequearn nequeas nequeat •
nequTrem
nequlbam
Impf. Perf.
quivi
nequivi
quiverim
nequlverim
Plpf.
quivfiram
nequlveram
quivissem
nequissem
nequlvero
wanting.
F. Perf. quivero
Participle.
Infinitive.
nequiens quivisse
Perf.
quitum, quitu (of nequeo are w antinsj, or occur but rarely.
Supine
:
nequeuntis, etc.
nequivisse it
is ^vanting).
The remaining forms
PARTICULAR IRREGULAR VERBS.
^76.]
§ 76.
2^S
Flo, factus sum, fieri, to become, to happen.
7)
Preliminary Remark. This verb forms the Pass, of fado,
(See
§65, 4.)
Subjunctive.
Indicative.
fl-am, f i-as, f i-at, fl-amus, fl-atis, flant
fl-o, fl-s, fi-t, fl-unt
Pr.
Infinitive. Pres. fieri ; Pf factus, a,
Fut. factum
Imp. fi-ebam,
Fut. fl-am, fi-es, fi-et, fi-emus, fi-etis, fi-ent
Prf
um
factus, a,
PJpf factus, Fut.
a,
factus, a,
Participle.
Pres. wanting.
sura
Perf factus,
um eram
um
esse ; or fu-
tftrura esse, or fore.
fi-erem, fi-eres, etc.
fi-ebas, etc.
um iri,
um
a,
Fut. faciendus (a, um) what should or must be done. futurus (a, um), 70 hat will come to pass. All the remaining for ms are wanting or oc-
ero
Prf
cur but rarely.
Remark. The compounds
ofjacio, which are formed from verbs, reand Jio in the Pass., as: calefScio, calefeci, calefactum, calefacere, to make warm (calere), calefio, calefactus sum, calfieri, to become warm ; but the compounds with prepositions have in the ficere, and in the Pass. feci, fectum, ficior, fectus ficio, Act. sum, fici, as perficio, perfeci, perfectum, perficere, to accomplish, perOnly a few compounds with prepositions ficior, perfectus sum, perfici. form the Pass, with Jio and these only in particular forms, as: confit tain /acio in the Act.
—
— — — —
—
—
:
(for conjicitur], it is accomplished, confieri
CXIV. Words Exulcerare,
fo
make worse.
e\6(\u\, to
adversus,
generare,
to
make.
retinere,
to
hold back,
solem adversum neqmmus. Risus interdum
separari.
fataliter, adv.
conforma-
bly to fate.
[times.
interdum,
adv.
some-
polite, adv. elegantly.
Decori vis ea ita
est,
ut ab honesto
eum mecum
repente erumpit, ut
Die, utriim queas,
an nequeas
cuire.
hostes exercitum nostrum fundere nequirent, in castra munita
sese receperunt.
Quum
adhibendam
censuit.
exulcerant.
Quum
Ex
de/iet.
crebro, adv. frequently,
um, oppo-
cogitato, adv. with pre-
pientes tenere nequeamus.
fecit,
a,
wanting,
Exercises for translation.
pronoxmce.
meditation.
non queat
Quum
and
defit, it is
site.
prevent,
Intueri
learned
to he
imtefe,
;
dux precibus
retinere militem nequiret,
Saepe imperiti medici
ea,
vim
quaesanare nequeunt,
Demosthenes " rho" dicere nequiret, exercitatione
ut planissime diceret
inimico cogita posse
fieri
18
amicum.
Nemo
fit
casu bonus.
Si
DEFECTIVE VERBS.
206
[^77.
NePermultum interest, utrurn perturbatione aliqua animi, quae plerumque brevis est, an consulto et cogitaHomo, quod crebro videt, non miratur, etiamsi, cur to fiat injuria. Non ita generati a natura sumus, ut ad ludum ei jocum fiat, nesciat. facti esse videamur, sed ad severitatem potius et ad quaedam studia omnia
fato
mo
fiunt
;
nos adnionere potest, ut cautiores fiamus.
nihil
ignavia immortalis factus
graviora atque majora.
est.
Prudentior
fis,
ternitate definita dico
esse fataliter.
quae fierent futurave essent, quis sentiat, et
Men
id,
quod
Qua de contineri
fato
sentit, polite eloqui
together (inter se),
?
omni
ae-
caussa dicebas, omnia, Fieri potest, ut recte
nequeat.
cannot look upon the opposite sun.
connected and joined
Nego
accedente senectute.
esse fortunam, et omnia, quae fiunt, quaeque futura sunt, ex
The
virtues are
so
(ita)
that they cannot be separated
Ofl;en we cannot prevent a laugh, although (quamwe would. Say, whether you can go with us, or canThere are many diseases which cannot (subj.) be cured. De-
from each other. vis
with Subj.)
not
mosthenes could not (perf )
he effected
(=
at first
pronounce " rho," but by exercise
made), that he pronounced
[it]
If thou wishest to be learned, learn early.
very plainly.
From
an enemy, [onej
becomes suddenly a friend. Men do not become good by chance. If all [things] happen (subj.) by chance, all (omnis) foresight is useless. Dost thou believe, that a man may ever become immortal by cowardice ? Men become wiser by age. Some philosophers were often
uncertain, whether
all
(omniane) might happen by chance
;
I
am
con-
vinced, that nothing happens by chance.
§
77. Defective Verbs,
i.
e.
verbs of which only a few forms
are used. 1) Aio, I say, affirm, say yes, assent. Trts. Ind. aio,
ais, ait
and
aiunt.
Subj. aias, aiat and aiant.
hnpf. Ind. aiebam, has, bat ; bamus, batis, bant. (Subj. wholly wanting.) Part, aiens, aientis (as adjective, affirming, affirmative).
2) Inquam, I say. Pres. inquam, inquis, inquit; inqulmus, inquiunt.
[Subj. inquiam].
Impf. inquiebat or inquibat, inquiebant (Subj. wanting). Put. inquies and inquiet. Perf. inquisti and inquit.
3)
Memini, meminisse
(c.
gen.
and ace),
to
remember.
Odi, odisse, to hate. Coepi, coepisse, to a-
have begun.
Novi, n&visse (nosse), to
be acquainted with, know.
ni]
DEFECTIVE VERBS.
All four Perfects
207
and the forms derived from them are
entirely reg-
ular.
Perf. Ind.
memlni, /
re- odi,
memher Subj. meminerim
/ hate
coepi,
have
I
novi, I
begun coeperim
odgrira
know
novgrim
(no-
rim) Plpf. Ind.
memineram, / odgram, I hated coeperam,
Subj.
meminissem
coepissem
odissem
memingro, / odero, 1 shall rememhate
Fut. Ind.
noveram (noram), / knew
/
hud begun
remembered
novissem (nossem)
coepero, I shall novero (noro), 7
will
have begun
shall
know
ber
memento, remember thou
Imperat.
mementute,
wanting.
wanting.
wanting.
re-
member ye Inf. Perf.
meminisse wanting. wanting.
Fut. Particip.
odisse
coepisse
osurus esse osus, exosus, perusus, one
coepturus esse coepturus, one
who
novisse (nosse)
wanting. wanting.
xcho will begin hates, or coeptus, begun.
has hated very much.
Remark. Kovi is nothing else than the Perf. of nosco (I am acquainted with). Instead o^ coepi, coeperam, etc., coeptus sum, coeptua eram, etc., must be used, when the accompanying Inf is in the Pass., as: urbs aedificari coepta est, the city has begun to be built. The same is the case with desino.
CXV. Words Abominari,
to he
tion, call to
evanesco, nui
to
men- institutum,
mind.
i,
n.
i.
haruspex,
icis,
n, reproach,
3. to
m. sooth-
produce.
a,
a,
um
um.
credu-
lovs.
dum,
um,
envious.
(with
conj.
the
Subj.) provided that. sive
beatdifvl.
consentaneus,
operative.
credulus,
invidus, a,
probrura,
hebesco (without Perf. sayer. and Sup.). I am in- bellus, a, um, proferre
an insti-
tution.
3. to dis-
appear.
Exercises for translation.
comoedia, ae,/. comedy,
to execrate,
commemorare,
and
learned
(seu),
(seu)
— —
or
;
sive
whether
sive (seu),
or, either
suitable.
sapio, ui 3. to be wise.
Rule of Syntax. When
the words of some one are quoted prehe spoke them, inquam is used, and is introduced among the words quoted but if only the sense of what one has said is quoted,
cisely as
;
aio is used.
Contraria ea sunt, mirari se aiebat,
quorum alterum
quod non
ait
quid, alt^rum negat
rideret haruspex,
haruspicem
quum
Cato
vidisset.
:
DEFECTIVE VERBS.
208
[^77.
Ut quimus, aiunt, quando, ut voliiinus, non licet. Sus, ut aiunt, docet Minervam. Tu ais, ego nego. Negat Epicurus, quenquam, qui honQuasi ego id curem, quid ille este non vivat, jucunde posse vivere. aut neget
aiat,
;
quum
tu ?
gasne
ullam, quae cognosci possit
Tu
dicimus.
Ain' (for
Ne-
Aio.
?
saeculo prosint, ut
credlmus, inqultis, vera esse, quae
homo beHus?
est
Aisne
?
alieri
vero, inquisti, mihi molestus
mens, inquies, nonne quit, cui
Non
Menandri comoedia.
ait ilJe in
ego tue-
;
Negantia contraria sunt aientibus.
Agricola serit arbores, quae
Nego.
?
negas
ais, sive
res occultissimas aperueris in lucemque protuleris
rem
negabis, esse
Sive tu hoc
dicere.
sit
bor sententiam meam. aisne)
summum bonum
illud quaero, quid ei, qui in voluptate
consentaneum
putat,
niinquam
Amicus
eris.
Praeclare Plato: Beatum, in-
etiam in senectute contigerit, ut sajjientiam verasque opin-
iones assequi possit.
deny
I
if I say,
which thou
(deny),
know
I
city.
that,
no
whether thou
not,
he
If I say yes,
assertest.
he also says no.
It is said,
affirniist
[also] says
yes
;
that thou wilt leave the
the thing, or deniest
[it].
Affirmative (== affirming) opinions (sententia), are contrary to negative
(=
They
denying) [opinions].
Rome.
It is
delightful
Thou
country.
said,
that thy father set out for (ad)
and becoming, says Horace,
hast erred, thou wilt say perhaps.
a friend troublesome
to
to die
for one's
Never, says he,
is
me.
Meminerimus, etiam ad versus infimos justitiam esse servandam.
Animus memlnit neficia
qui contulit. nequit,
Qui
Illud
nequicquam
in quern colJata sunt,
is,
semper memento: Qui
Quod
sapit.
patriae beneficia meminerint,
cos, effTci
oderunt eum, qui
non
num alienum
oderunt.
me
(=
do osuri simus.
Dimidium
Libertatis inimi-
est beneficii.
Invidi virtutem et bo-
dira et
abominanda
:
Non dubito, quin dum metuant.
Oderint,
Judicem neque studere cuiquam de-
Non ita amare debemus, Romani regum nomen perosi sunt.
odisse,
facti,
neque
irasci.
qui bene coepit, habet,
quam homines minus
meminero.
arma capes-
salute
Virtus necesse est res sibi contrarias aspernetur
Vox
oderint.
neque
semper pro ejus
ut non) odgrim.
Cicero, penitus oderat Clodium. cet,
ipse sibi sapiens prodesse
Probos amamus, improbos odimus.
atque oderit.
mali
potest, quin
non commemorare,
tu mihi dixisti, pulchre
Memento mori. immemor
sere parati erunt.
Omnes
Be-
praeteritorum, praesentia cernit, futura provldet.
meminisse debet
ut
si
aliquan-
Oracula evanuerunt, post-
creduli esse coeperunt.
Postquam
divitiae ho-
nori esse coeperunt, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebalur
:
he-
IMPERSONAL VERBS.
^8.]
bescere virtus, paupertas probro
coeptam male
Undique
finire.
Urbs obsideri coepta
esse
in
209 Turpe
coepit.
murum
est,
rem bene
lapldes conjici coepti sunt
est,
Deum colit, qui novit. Nihil milii stultius videtur, quam existimare eum studiosum tui, quern non noris. Qui se ipse norit, aliquid sentiet
munere
se habere divinura, tantoque
Quam
faciet et sentiet.
remember
shall
even when thou
thee,
ber the favors conferred upon us
(in
happily passed (agere),
remembered
aliquid et
men
hate the men,
who
teachers, a desire after (gen.)
(subj.) the
Men
enemies of freedom
who
is
We
?
love the upright, [and] hate the
The
doubt not, that the wicked hate me.
agreeable (gratus) to us,
Who
are unmindful of favors received.
who does not (quin) hate did not know, why he hated us. I
youth
often as (quotiescunque)
seized (occupare) me.
there,
wicked.
my
we rememwe shall nev-
If
When we remember As
are delighted.
the good principles of
those excellent
We
we
art absent.
nos) by our parents,
er be ungrateful towards (adversus) them.
I
semper dignum
should forget favors conferred, [but] remember those received.
You
We
dei
quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat.
(is)
friend
is
loves us as one about to hate us.
not
It is
known, that the Romans hated (perf ) the name of kings very much. Him, who is unfortunate, all hate. Thou hast begun the thing well, but ended badly. Scarcely had the soldiers discovered.
begun
to fortify the
camp, when the enemies were
Already had the enemies begun
to
suddenly our soldiers came (perf) for (dat.) aid
(perf.)
assault the city, as
to the citizens.
After
banishment of the kings, (abl. abs.), two consuls began to be chosen
the
yearly. I
know
with
my
not,
wilt love him.
Do
whether (ne attached
friend, but if thou shall
to the verb)
Judge not concerning a man, before you know him.
you know the way ? we do not know
to preside over the republic,
ed with
its
laws and
he should
ed with him), but
When
any one wishes
with Suhj.) be acquaint-
my friend? (=
I desire (opto) to
§ 78.
it.
(oportet
Art thou personally
institutions.
pearance, de facie) acquainted with
1)
thou art acquainted
become acquainted with him, thou
know (=
I
that I
(=
from ap-
am not acquaintmay know) him.
Impersonal Verbs (46. Rem.)
Verbs which indicate certain appearances of Nature.
fulgurat,
it
lightens, [it
fulminat, thunders,
18*
it
lightens,
gelat, it freezes.
grandinat,
it hails,
:
:
210
IMPERSONAL VERBS.
illucescit,
comes
uxit,
he-
it
light, day.
Rem.
ningit, xit, ptiit, it
vesperascit, ravit,
78.
he-
it
comes evening.
rains.
These verbs may be
I.
snows.
it
[^
inflected through all
modes and
the
tenses, as
tonare
tonat tonet tonuit tonu^rit
tonabat tonaret
tSnnerat tonuisset
tonuisse.
The
other Impersonal Verbs here introduced of the
have
avit.
2) decet, uit (c. ace.) is
it
becoming.
dedec^et, uit (c. ace.)
it
Ubet or lubet,
uit
(one's) pity.
uit,
it
oportet, uit,
3) There are also
many
in a particular meaning, as {ut
essit
quod),
is
it
or
added
{that).
accfdit,
it
happens.
apparet, uit
;
is evi-
it
dent.
pertains
it
[fid. is
it
need-
conducit,
xit,
it is
ser-
igit,
it
constat,
stltit,
it
is
known.
it irks.
poenitet, uit,
pudet,
it
taedet, uit,
repents.
shames,
uit, it it
falls juvat, juvit,
disgusts.
convenit, ehit,
it is Jit.
patet, uit,
evenit, enit,
Imppens.
placet, uit,
expedit,
it
it
praestat,
is useful.
fefellit(me),
i7 65-
it
is
un-
interest,
it
itit,
clear.
obvious.
pleases. it
het-
is
[cape^ {me). iit
(me),
it es-
refert,retulit, i
it
remains.
sufFicit, ecit, it is suffir fuit,
cerns.
Rem. 2. These impersonals, and tenses.
it is
it is
ter.
praeterit,
capes {me).
capes (me),
it delights.
liquet, quit,
to one's lot.
known.
viceable.
dis-
personal verbs used as impersonal
fugit, fugii, (me), it es-
to.
it
:
contingit,
fallit,
attinet, uit,
it
est,
gusts. piget, uit,
excites pity.
pleases.
accedit,
excites
it
miseretur, rltum est,
becoming.
is not
pertaesum
licet, it is allowed.
miseret,
Conjugation,
first
also,
it
con-
dent.
superest,
can be inflected in
it
all
remains.
the
modes
4) Finally there belong here the third Pers. Sing. Pass, of especially of intransitive verbs, through all the modes
all verbs,
and
tenses, as
may plough ; arabatur, they ploughed, aratum est, they have ploughed, aratum sit, they may have ploughed; aratum erat, they had ploughed, aratum esset, they might have ploughed, aratum erit, they will have ploughed ; Inf in dependent discourse arari, (that) they plough, aratum esse, (that) they Ridetur, they laugh; have ploughed, aratum iri, (that) they will plough. ludebatur, they played; dormietur, they will sleep ; itur, they go ; ventum Aratur, they plough, aretur, they
araretur, they might plough;
:
est, they
have com^.
—
— —
— $^9,
prep6sition, etc.
80.]
—formation of words.
CHAPTER Preposition.
§ 79.
^:
211
n.
— Conjunction.—
Interjection.
In addition to the parts of speech which have already-
1.
been treated
Of these,
conjunction and interjection.
there remain the
of,
the conjunction, as
employed
it is
in connecting sen-
be more properly treated of in the Syntax, and the interjection needs no special treatment beyond a mere definition for which see ^ 6. Rem. 2. tences, will
;
The preposition,
2.
in addition to the table of prepositions
and the remarks upon
given in
^
requires
some
34,
its
use in the Syntax
'
are used also as adverbs, as: ante, post, prope, juxta, pra, citra, ultra, intra, extra, contra, circa
prepositions are used in compositixyn, as
pono
i^com,
co
con,
= cum
(di),
an) around, as
again), as
—
:
sits
tive ne, as
:
;
dis-cedo, di-spergo
su-spicio
§
80.
2.
dis
se-p6no; the nega-
i.
III.
e.
Verbs.
verbs which express a repetition of the
formed from other verbs by adding Uare
I drive, ag-lto, / drive clam-ito, I cry continually.
of the Pres., as clam-o,
finally,
;
;
re (back,
Formation of Words. I.
Frequentatives,
action, are
;
ne-scire.
:
CHAPTER
1.
Inseparable
se (aside, apart), as:
sus-cipio,
:
all
in composition, viz
amb-ire, am-plector, an-fractus
re-vertor, re-cludo
:
(su), up, upon, as
infra, su-
m^errogo, c/ecedo, com-
in composition), etc.
asunder, from each other, as
93.),
Nearly
(circum).
which occur only
prepositions are those anil> (ann,
:
(^
Most prepositions
additional illustration here.
I cry,
Intensives,
ago,
:
i.
e.
hither
to the
and
stem
thither
verbs which ex[)ress a permanence or con'
tinuance in an action, are formed from the Sup. of other verbs,
as
:
and
verto, verti, thither ;
versum, vertere,
they follow the
first
to
turn, verso, to tarn hither
Conjugation.
:
FORMATION OF WORDS.
212 3.
Desideratives,
i.
urio,
I desire
esu-rio,
:
80«
verbs which express a desire or striving
e.
after the thing indicated urio, as
[$
by
their primitives,
to eat
(from edo,
Ilong far supper (from coeno,
avi,
have the ending
edi,
essum), coenat-
atum); they follow the
fourth Conjugation. 4.
Inchoatives,
e.
i.
verbs which express a becoming or begin-
ning of that which
their primitives
asco, esco, isco, as
exhorr-esco,
cup-isco,
I desire
(from puer) 5.
;
;
I
express,
have the endings
shudder (from horreo), con-
(from cupio), repuer-asco,
I become a boy again
they follow the third Conjugation.
Diminutives,
i.
verbs which express a diminution of
e.
the idea expressed by their primitives, have the ending, as
illo,
(canto) cantillo, 1 chant.
:
n. Substantives. 1.
Nouns
in tor (fem. tdx), are
formed from the supines of
verbs and designate j^er^ow^ in active relations (actors), as: victor, victrix,
2.
Those
a conqueror (from vinco, vici, victum). ill io, are formed from the supines of verbs, and
like English substantives in ing, express the action of the verbs
from which they are formed as taking place, as laesio, an injuring (from laedo, laesi, laesum), emendatio, an emeruiing (from :
emendo, 3.
avi,
Those
atum). in
j
o, miis,
are derived either from verbs or nouns,
and designate persons with an idea of contempt, as
:
caplto
(from caput), blockhead.
Those
its (gen. us), are derived from supines, and siga completed action, an effect, as morsus, a bite (from mordeo, momordi, morsum). 5. Those in ulus, \da, vlum ; bias, dla, olum ; elhis, eUa, eUum; iUus, ilia, ilium, indicate an object as small (diminutives), as hortulus, a little garden, vocula, a slight voice (from vox) ; filiolus, a little son, filiola, a little daughter, assellus, an ass colt.
4.
in
nify mostly
:
Remark. The gender of diminutives
follows the gender of their
primitives. 6.
by
Those
in etum, signify
their primitives, as
thorn-thicket (from
:
a place abounding in thai expressed
quercetum,
oun oak-grove,
dumus, a thorn bush).
dumetum, a
;
§
:
FORMATION OF WORDS.
80.] 7.
;
;
Those
G. tudimis;
ill
la (itla), G. lae;
—edo and
ido,
G.
—
inis,
tds,
G.
213
tdtis
;
tus,
G.
tutis
tudoj
;
express an abstract quality, as
audacia (from aadax,) boldness, sapientia (from sapiens), wisdom; laetitia (from laetas),joy, avaritia (from avdrus), avarice;
—bonitas (from ness — (from
bonus), good?iess, celeritas (from celer), swift-
—
servics), servitude;
servitus
fortitudo (from fortis),
—dulcedo
bravery, magnitiido (from magnus), greatness;
8.
(fiom
cnpido (from cupldus), desire.
dulcis), sweetness,
Gentile Nouns,
e.
i.
names o^ peoples and
countries.
Names
of countries are mostly formed from the names of peoples, with the ending
as: (Macedo, 6n-is) Macedonia; (Thrax, ac-is)
ia,
On
Thracia, etc.
the contrary,
adjective-endings
:
lus,
names of peoples having the
dnus^ inus, enus, ensis (iensis), ds{G.
dtis),
formed either from names of countries or cities, as: (Cyprus) Cyprius; (Roma) Romdnus; ( Venusia) Venusmiis ; (Pergamus) Pergamenus ; (Athenae) Athenicasis (Arpinum) Arpiiias; (Colchis) Colchicus; (Aegyptus) Aegyptide us ; (Thebae) Thebdicus.
icus, idcus, alcus, aire
9.
Patrmiymics,
i.
personal appellations derived from one's
e.
These have the endings ides, G. idae, Fem. is (from primitives in its and or) ; ides, F. eis (from primitives in eiis) ;
descent.
:
ddes or iddes, F. as (ias) (from primitives in as or es of the
first
Dec. or in ius),dis: (Priamus) Priamides ; (Agenor) Agenorides; (Tantalus)
F
— (Aeneas)
Theseis;
Tantdlis
— (Peleus) Pelides;
J.ewed<5fe5;
(Theseus) F.
(Thestius) Thestiddes; F. Thes-
tias.
III.
1.
Those
in
iron, ligneus, 2.
Those
e'us, a,
Adjectives.
um, are adjectives o{ material, as:
in inus, a,
um, and ntus,
a,
um, are principally de-
rived from the names ofplants and minerals, as en,
of
:
faglnus, heech-
of beech, querneus, of oak, crystallinus, of crystal; aburneus, ivory.
3.
to
ferreus,
wooden, marmoreus, of marble.
Those
in nv^, a,
um, emus,
a,
um, and
designations of time and place, as:
inus, a,
um, relate
vernus, behmging to
spring; externus, external ; hodiernus, of to-day, Sieieinus, eter-
nal; diutinus, of long duration. 4.
Those
in inus, a,
um,
relate, mostly, to the different kinds
:
FORMATION OP WORDS.
214 of animals, as
:
[^
80.
leporinus (lepus, leporis, the hare), of the hare^
caro anserina, goose-meat.
Those
6.
in Uis
and
utilis, 'useful, docllis,
Those
6.
express a capability or fitness, as
in hundus, express
but with more i}[\aLXi
bilis,
teachable; amabllis, amiable.
intensity, as
:
the idea of a present participle
popiilabundus, ravaging (stronger
populans), mirabiindiis,yi^// ofwcmder; those in cwidus ex-
press
Q,
permanent quality or
Iwbit, as
:
facundus, fluent, iracim-
dus, passionate, verecundus, respectful. 7.
Those
in osus, tus, olentus or ulentus, Idu^ express fulness,
abundance or
excess, as
:
arenosus, sandy (abounding in sand),
auritus, long-eared, auratus, gilt (furnished
with gold), onestus,
loaded down, vetustus, ancient, violentus, impetuaus, turbuleniViS, full
of commotion, herbidus, covered with grass.
;
;
: ;
SYNTAX OR THE PRE^CIPLES OF SENTENCES.
§ 81.
A thought
1.
Sentence,
—
expressed in words,
the rose blooms^ rosa floret
chra
—
Subject.
is
Predicate.
called a sentence^ as
:
the rose is beautiful, rosa pul-
;
est.
The necessary parts The subject, i. e.
2.
a)
serted, as
b)
The
of a sentence are
which something
that of
is
as-
the rose, rosa
:
predicate,
that
e.
i.
which
asserted of the
is
subject, as: blooms, floret; is beautiful, pulchra est.
The
3.
other
subject
word
an
adjective,
is
a substantive, as
:
rose, rosa,
or clause used substantively, Infin., as
:
e. g.
some
The
thou, he, this, the ivise.
/,
or
a pronoun, an sub-
ject stands in the nominative. 4.
The
predicate
is
a verb, or an adjective or substantive
in connection with the verb esse,
which in
this case is call-
ed the copula (bond). TXossi foret.
—Rosa
pulchra
est.
—Rosa^o*
est.
In the Latin language each form of the Jlnite verb may form a sentence for it signifies at the same time, a person of whom
Remark.
;
something
is said,
§ 82. 1.
and
that
which
By
d)
amo, / love.
limited in the following
:
virtutem
By the preposition with
a substantive, as
By the infinitive, as scribere cupio By an adverb, as bene scribis. :
:
is
ways:
then called
amo
pugnamus; c)
:
a case of the substantive which
the object, as
b)
of him, as
Limitation of the Subject and Predicate.
The predicate may be a)
is said
:
pro patria
;
;
:
216
:
AGREEMENT.
The subject, ways
2.
By an
a)
or object
adjective
[$
may be
83.
limited in the following
[attributive
adjective), as
:
rosa
pulchra
By
b)
as
the genitive of a substantive (attributive gen.),
hortus regis
:
By
c)
a substantive which stands in the same case
word which it limits, as Macedonum, Magnus appellatur.
as the
kind
this
Remark. The limits in gender,
is
:
Alexander, rex
A substantive
of
said to be in apposition.
attributive adjective agrees with
number and
This
case.
is
the
noun which
it
so even in the adjectives
prinms, ultimus, extremus, postremus, intimiis, summus, medius, inJimuSy imus and reliquus, although they designate only particular parts of ob-
and are rendered into English by
jects
partitive phrases [Jirst part, last
part, etc. of a thing).
Agreement.
§ 83.
The verb
1.
the adjective in gender,
Ego
scribo
Amicus
tu scribis
;
Puella parva.
num maximus
;
its
ille
scribit.
Virtus pulchra
fidus est.
magnus.
subject in person and number; number and case (nominative).
agrees with
est.
Rosa
floret.
Rosae
Corpus caducum
Corpus caducum.
Indus
florent.
est.
Puer
omnium
flumi-
est.
Sometimes, however, the predicate does not agree with the grammatical form of the subject, but with a noun implied in it (Constructio ad intellectum), which is particularly the case in collective
Rem.
1.
nouns, as
:
pars bestiis ohjedi sunt.
The
2.
multitudo convenerant.
substantive, as predicate, agrees with the subject
only in case ; only w*hen
it
it
number and case, and hence, either has sepamasculine and feminine, or is of the com-
agrees with
it
in gender,
signifies a person,
rate forms for the
mon
—Magna
gender.
The same
is
the case with the substantive
in apposition.
Rosa fuit
flos est.
regina.
devicit.
Rem.
Athenae fuerunt urbs.
Romulus
Bactra, regionis caput, sita sunt sub 2.
fuit rex.
Tomyris
Tomyris, reglna Scytharum, Cyrum, regem Persarum,
When
monte Parapamiso.
the neuters of adjectives, pronouns and numerals are
used as nouns, and signify a number of single things, they do not, as
is
§
AGREEMENT.
83.]
21'?
generally the case in English, stand in the singular, but in the plural. Omnia humana sunt fragilia (everything human). FiUura incerta sunt
Haec sunt
(the future).
When
3.
vera, iUa falsa (this
—
Multa, pauca, etc.
that).
two or more subjects
there are
the verb stands in the plural.
in
If the subjects
one sentence, have the same
gender, the adjective as predicate, takes the same gender
and stands
in the plural
;
but
if
they have different genders^
in designations of persons, the adjective agrees with the
masculine subject in preference to the feminine, but in names of things the adjective generally stands in the neuter plural, PompeiuSf
Scipio,
Pater et mater mihi cari
luna sunt glohosae.
et
Inter se contraria sunt benefidum et injuria.
sunt.
Rem.
—
Caesar et Pompeitts for-
Afranius foede perierunt
Terra
tissimi fuerunt.
3.
When, however,
—
the subjects are connected by aut—aut,
—
et
designed lo make one subject more prominent than the others, the predicate agrees with the nearest subject, which, in the last case, is always the subject to be renet
(as well
as also), nee
nee, or
when
it is
dered prominent.
When
4.
subjects o^ different persons are connected, the
first
person predominates over the second and third persons,
and
the second over the third,
and the predicate stands in
the plural.
Ego
Tu
Nos
CXVI. Our body
is
Ego
et fratres
Vos
Exercises for translation.
mortal, our soul immortal.
God
lie.
History
is
Ego, tu
frater scribimus.
et fratres scribimus.
the expressions often
whole world.
et
et frater scribitis.
fratres scribitis.
I.
Ego
scribimus.
et tu
Bcribimus.
is
et frater
scribimus.
Tu
et
et fratres scribitis.
($§
81
The
—
83.)
forehead, the eyes,
the creator and governor of the
The
a good instructress.
Scythians were
Alexander, king of the Macedonians, carried
a very warlike people.
The divine is eterunknown for (pro) known hear much [but] speak little!
on (perf a war with Darius, king of the Persians. )
nal, the
human
and assent Gold,
to
silver,
it
frail.
We
inconsiderately.
my
friend,
O
boy,
brass, iron, in short (denlque) all
(gign^re) for the use of
of
often hold the
have
all
are very dear to me.
ance, are united
The
men.
father, the
died within a year.
Thy
metals are produced
mother and the
sister
son and thy daughter
Lahor and pleasure, by a (quidam) natural
togetlier
(inter se).
19
alli-
Arrogance, hatred and envy are
;
;
DOUBLE NOMINATIVE.
J|18
foreign to the
mind of
the wise.
yesterday from the journey.
We
brother play. II.
:
Life
and
my
is short, art is
Experience
lightfully.
I
and
my
my
brother returned (perf.)
brother learn, thou and thy
parents rejoice at (de) your return.
long.
the
is
I
and
[J 84.
were a treacherous people.
The
lark
and the nightingale sing de-
The
best instructress.
Wisdom
is
Carthaginians
governess of
tlie
all
things.
Writers extol Solon, the law-giver of the Athenians, on account of his wisdom.
change.
Everything earthly
The
future
is
is
The
fleeting.
past
we
cannot
Corinth and Charthage were (perf)
uncertain.
destroyed by the Romans. Dominion (plur.), posts of honor, riches, power (opes) are fortuitous. The walls and gates of the taken city were destroyed (perf) by the soldiers. The king and queen are very dear to all the citizens. The father and mother have set out on a journey.
Thy
brother and sister are very good.
thou and thy brother are well.
I rejoice, that (quod),
We
and our parents shall set out on a Thou and thy sister remain in the city.
journey to-morrow.
Double Nominative,
§ 84.
As there are two nominatives with the copula esse, the nominative of the subject and the nominative of the predicate, so also the following verbs take
The b) The a)
pear)
The
c)
verbs of becoyning
:
fio^
two nominatives
evado, existo, nascor;
verb maneo (I remain), and videor (I seem, ap;
verbs which
mean
:
/ am
called, as
:
appellor,
vocor, dicor, etc.
The
d)
verbs which signify,
something, as
The
e)
:
verbs which
something, the like, as
I am :
I am made, chosen, appointed
creor, eligor, etc.
mean
:
I am
considered, accounted
recognized, found as something, and
putor, existimor, judicor, habeor, cognos-
cor, inventor, etc.
Romanorum libertatis vindex exstitit. JVemo dodus nascitur. Romanorum aetema manet. Cicero consul creatus est. Cicero patriae appellatus est. Virtus summum bonum judicanda est.
Brutus Gloria
pater
CXVII.
Exercises for translation. ($84.)
L No one has become immortal by
cowardice.
Cicero, in the
Catilinian (Catilinarius) war, appeared (existere) [as] the defender of
—
— ^
CLASSES OF VERBS.
85, 86.]
the
The
state.
born
king by the Romans.
(=
Piety
Philosophy
eternal).
the investigator (fem
life,
is
is )
i3l#
No
(evadere) beggars.
Numa
one
Pompilius was elected
justly considered
The renown of Roman
the virtues.
all
become
rich often
After Romulus,
rich.
TENSES.
is
(perf.)
the foundation of
bravery will remain forever
by Cicero, the guide {== leader) of
called
of virtue and the banisher (fem.) of vice, the
UnDemosthenes is
inventress of laws, the instructress of customs and of discipline.
expected evils appear greater than [those] expected. justly considered the
most distinguished orator of the Greeks.
Cicero
and Anthony were elected consuls. Quintus Fabius was chosen
II.
Men
beconie wiser by age.
The
A
are considered models of eloquence.
the law-giver of the Lacedemonians. Aristides
renown of some of the Persians
will
bad poet never becomes
Lycurgus came forward
(evadere) a good [one].
highest good.
by the Romans. Demosthenes and Cicero
general
(perf.)
orations of
was
remain
Virtue
called the just eternal.
The sun appears
is
(perf.
of
exisiere)
The
by the Athenians.
Cyrus was elected the to
as
justly considered the
us smaller than
king
first
Thou
it is.
wast born good, but hast become bad.
§ 1.
85.
Classes of Verbs.
There are two kinds of verbs,
active
and
passive.
In an active verb, the subject appears as active^ as: sa floret;
— puer
which take an accusative are epistolarn scribit ^di floret;
active
ro-
verbs
called transitive^ as: puer
but the rest are called intransitive, as
;
—sapiens meminit mortis:—
cus g-audet adventu amici; 2.
Those
epistolarn scribit.
eo in
pater
\.ih\
:
ro-
—ami-
favet;
urbem.
In \he passive the subject appears as suffering' (receiv-
ing the action), as
:
bonus discipulus laudatur a preceptori-
bus, malus vituperatur.
Deponent verbs are those which have a passive form but an active signification, as: dux hortatur milites; 3.
morior. I
§86. Tenses of the Verb, 1.
The
tenses are divided into
a) Principal
Tenses:
the
two
classes
Pres.
Perf.
:
and Future:
220
MODES OF THE VERB.
{
I have loritlen^ I shall have icritten;
scribo, 1 shall
scribo, Iivrite, scripsi, ivrite, scripsero,
87.]
b) Historical Tenses: Imperf. Piuperf. and the narrative Perf.
seram, Rem. The
scnbeb3.m,
:
I had
I ivrote, ivas ivriting-^ I lurote.
scrip-
turitten, scripsi,
narrative Perf.
called the Perf. historical
is
and
is
trans-
PerC and is translated into English by the Perf The Latin historical Perf ^ways expresses the action as past, and so also does the Latin Imperf but yet always as standing in relation to another past aclated into English by the
Imperf
the pro{)er Perf
;
called the
is
present,
scribebam, qimm veniebas (veneused in relating principal events, the ImperC in relating accompanying circumstances. Caesar urbem intravit ; omnes cives laetabantur victoriamque de hostibus reportatam ei gratulabantur, tion to which
it
Hence
ras).
corresponds in time, as
the Perf
CXVIIL L God
:
is
Exercises/or translation.
(^
86.)
made the whole world. Romulus built Rome. Hannibal vanquished the Romans in (abl.) the second Punic war. The enemies assaulted the city, which lay upon a hill. The city was captured by the enemies, but the citizens had already deserted it. So long as thou shall be fortunate, thou wilt number many friends. In a short [time] I shall
we
has
have finished
shall
If we shall have fulfilled our duties,
this business.
Even
be hap])y (beatus).
we
as
shall
have treated others,
will they treat us. II.
The
book, which you sent me, I have
read through
many wars with
carried on
who were a very brave peomen had come together into [in with The remembrance of renowned men will be obscured
An immense number
ple.
ace.) the city.
by no
oblivion.
shall have
more we
much
the
carefully.
The Romans
Carthage and Corinth were destroyed by the Romans. of
After a few days
sown (sementem
shall
the Germans,
I
shall
facere), [so]
have returned.
have exercised our minds by the study of
more we
shall delight in
it.
As thou The
thou wilt reap(metere).
literature, so
If thou shall have adorned the
Boul with virtues, thou will be happy. § 87. 1.
The
Indicative
is
Modes of the
the Verb.
mode which
expresses /ac^5, re-
alities, 'Rosa.Jloret.
2.
The
Pater epistolam
Subjunctive
is
expressing what
is
scripsit.
the
Ambulaho.
mode which
is
employed in
imagined or barely conceived of.
;
$
MODES OP THE VERB.
87.]
The Subjunctive
a)
of the principal tenses^ especially
used in principal sentences to express a supposition or presumption, a doubting question, an may often encouragement, exhortation, a wish. translate this Subjunctive into English, by the Subj. of the Pres.,
is
We
Imperf.
or
by
ought, might, could^
the auxiliaries,
should, loould with the Infin.
Nemo
sanus de
cus convcdescat
us go
(let
or
!
:
we would go !) Utlnam ami-
!
The Subjunctive
b)
Quis de animorum immorta-
virtutis pretio duhittt
Eamiis !
litate duhittt ?
of the historical tenses
is
used in
principal sentences to express a supposition the opposite
of tohat really
is,
or
is
not, as
:
errares, thou loouldst
err ; errasses, thou ivouldst have erred;
shouldst say
errares, if thou sic
hoc
dixisses,
this,
si
hoc diceres,
thou icoiildst err^
errasses, if thou hadst said
thou ivouldst have erred; so
:
non
erra/res,
non
this,
erraS'
hence crederes, putares, cerneres, videres (one might believe, might see) besides, the Subj. of these tenses is used to express a ivish of which one knows ses]
;
that
it loill
not be realized (imperfect), or has not been
utinam amicus convalesceutinam amicus convaluisset I finally, the Subj. Imperf. is used in a doubting question in reference to past time, as quid facerem ? (what should I have done?) The Imperative is used to express commands, as scriThe two forms of the second person of the imperative realized (pluperfect), as
:
ret !
:
3. be.
:
are thus distinguished
:
the shorter forms (ama, amate) have
a milder, the longer forms (amato, amatote) a stronger meaning hence these last should be translated by should or must ;
and are used
especially in directions
Ferte misero atque iuopi auxilium. varUor.
and injunctions.
Cotito virtutem.
Leges
obser-
Discipulus amato praeceptores.
Remark.
The
negative with the Imper.
encouraging and exhorting,
is
and also with the Subj. of expressed by ne (not by non), as : we scribe
19*
?
:
222
!!
GENITIVE.
s
[^88,
However, instead of ne with the Imper.
ne eamus.
nolij nolite
with the
lufinitive are often used, as: noli scribere, do not im-ite; nolite garrire,
puerii
GXIX. I.
The view
Exercises for translation. (^87.)
of Epicurus concerning the highest good,
approve.
Why
the soul
(pi ur.)?
We
we would
all
could not
I
doubt concerning (de) the immortality of
We
should love our native country!
bear with equanimity, virtue
we
should
which happens
us
to
The
!
The beginning (principium
not neglect!
plur.) of all
What
things should be taken (ducere) from the immortal gods! fallen to the
O
(tenere).
(obtingere) of each one, this each
lot
would
that all
strive
after
virtue
one should hold
!
Without thy
had been the most unhappy man. O that thou hadst been What should I have answered ? Flatter ye not bad men. shouldst obej [thy] parents and teachers.
O
(vereri) their teachers.
only with II.
(abl.)
The
boys,
Who
O
that
happily (beate)
live
should not
now
not .chatter, boys
all
Nobody
should praise.
!
We
!
the reason.
We
(quo)
as
!
O
that thou hadst
been present soon-
Whither should we have
fled
should always contemplate the heavenly
Evil desires should always be restrained by
?ire
§ 88.
(illustris,
e)
ex-
pointed out i||. history.
OF THE
?
friends
should contemplate the illustrious
amples of virtue whrck
The o-em^tW
way towards
men would honor virtue Mayest thou The sedition of the soldiers, a word of
be so unhappy.
and despise the human.
of ivhom
school not
!
the general would have quieted.
Do
at
We would not without reason expose (offerre) ourselves We should rejoice at the prosperity of others We
!
towards ourselves.
I
Thou
should not admire the beauty of
should be affected in the very same
er!
aid, I silent
Scholars should respect
you should be present
betraying of his country no one
to dangers.
always
has fast
your bodies, but also with your minds.
should believe a lying man. the world
would
principles of
C^^i:S.
Jr.,
A. The Genitive.
stands in answer to the quesiionn tohose
of lohat
?
and indeed, with
and expressions 1. With misereor^ I pity^ and
the following
words
^y.
the impersonals
me pudetj
;
$
GENITIVE.
88.]
repent
at^
Infelicium
Hi
223
and miser et^ I am ashamed
piget, poemtetj taedet
ed
:
disgust-
of^
of^ loathe^ pity (something).
hominum
Me
misereor.
Me
deum poenltd.
vUae
Nunquam primi
miseret tui.
consir
taedet.
2. With egere and indigere^ to need^ ivant, (which also sometimes take the a^/a^we), and the adjectives: cupidus^
aviduSy studiosus. Aegrotus medicinae sapiens
eget.
Vir
Virtus plurimae exercitationis indiget,
veritatis est studiosus.
—
admO' With the verbs memini^ reminiscor, ohliviscor with the adjectives commoneo^ commonefacio aliquem memor, immemor ; conscius, nesciu^, inscius ; gnarus, igndrus ; prudens, imprudens; perltusy imperltus ; consuttuSy 3.
:
neoy
;
—
rudis,
Boni homines pradenti temporis
Pueri, meminerint verecundiae.
Verus amicus amid nunquam
voluptate reminiscuntur. Veteris te amicitiae
Cono prudens
commonefado.
rei
cum
ohlivisdiur,
mUitaris
Be-
fuit.
ne/idorum memores estote.
Remark
1.
Memini, reminiscor,
most always connected with the 4.
the
With many
meaning of
ohliviscor are often,
and
recordor al-
accusative.
and ens, when they have and with many verbal adjectives
participles in ans
adjectives,
in ax.
Homo gloriae amantior domini
appetens saepe a virtutis via est,
quam
canis
Quis famulus
deflectit.
Ciceronis aetas virtutum ferax fuit
?
Vir probus tenax est propositorum bonorum. 5.
With and
victing
verbs of accusing, criminating, condemning, conacquitting, the charge or crime is put in the gen-
itive (occasionally in Abl.).
Rem.
The punishment when
2.
capital (caput) or
Gen. and sometimes in the Abl. are generally put in the Ace. after ad.
sometimes
in the
Miltiades proditionis
est accusatus.
Themistocles absens proditionis minis.
Athenienses Socratem
accusatus 6.
est
when
it
is
a
Jiive is
Other punishments
Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. damnatus.
Judex
capitis condemnarunt.
absolvit
reum
cri-
Roscius parriddii
est.
With
the adjectives
:
particeps, expers, consors, exsors^
;
GENITIVE.
JK^'
proprius
[$
(which are also found
similis^ dissimilis^ superstes
;
with the dative)
88.
polens^ impolens^ compos ; plenusj fertilis^
;
inops (which are aJso found with the ablative).
Homo raiionis est pariiceps,
Bestiae rationis et orationis sunt expertes.
Omnes maxima
genitive with esse signifies
or thing) in which something
is
peculiar, in
to the object is last genitive
which
be translated by
md
est
Virorum fortium
Rem. here,
:
the infinitive
It is
;
this
the part, manner,
mark of some one ;
it is
in-
my
brother).
Imbedlli animi
Petulantia
est
ado-
superstitio (belongs to).
est
toleranter dolorern pati.
est,
Instead of: mei,
3.
;
like.
(belongs to
lescentium (is inherent in).
which somewhich which is peculiar
b) the object to
case, that
custom, characteristic, duty, sign,
liber yrflrfriff
a) the object (person
commonly expressed by
may
cumbent on one, and the Hie
:
inherent, or to
is
thing belongs (possessive genitive)
something
Viri propria
Terra variorum herbarum plena est
fortitude est.
The
7.
Ira impotens sui est.
virtvtis compotes beati sunt.
tui,
sui,
nostri,
meum, tuum, sunm, nostrum, vestrum
est,
vestri est,
as
:
we must
nostrum
est,
use parentes
amare. 8.
The
genitive or ablative of a substantive joined with
an adjective stands with
esse, in order to
express the nature
or quality of the subject (genitive or ablative of quality) this
Gen. or Abl.
may also, without esse,
be joined to a noun
as an attributive.
The Gen.
denotes
essential,
the Abl. accidental qualities, hence, the
the designations of m£asure by number, time and space are always ex-
pressed by the genitive (never by the qualities
ablative),
these being essential
of an object.
Vir bonus summat pietatis (or summa, classis mille et
pietate)
erga
ducentarum navium longarum fuit.
deum
habuit Aruntem, mitis ingenii (or miti ingenio) hominem. \ir summo ingenio (or 9.
est.
Xerxis
Tarquinius fratrem Aristoteles,
summi ingenu,) prudentiam cum eloquentia junxit
The Genitive
stands as an expression of the value,
with verbs of valuing and esteeming, of buying and selling, as puto, duco, aestimo. pendo, facio, habeo, emo, vendo,
—
:
veneo.
Of
this
—
kind are the genitives: magm,pluris, pluri-
—
;
GENITIVE.
$88.]
parvi, Jloccij minimi^
mi,
very much,
tanti, quanti^ niliili
quasdam mngni aestimamus, quanti debemus,
Divitias minuris aestimare
!
(much, more,
(Genitive of price).
little, etc.)
Si prata et areas virtus
—
22^4
Quanti emisti hunc librum
a sapienti viro viinimi putantur.
aestimanda
est
quarri virtutem.
Divitine
Discipuli
?
praeceptores />/Mrimi (or maximi) facere debeiit.
With
10.
the impers6nal verb interest
(it
concerns), the
whom
person
something concerns, stands in the genitive. Instead of the genitive of the personal pronouns: mei, tui, sui, nostri, veslri 7ned, tud, sua, nostra, vesird, are always used, and in this case refert can be used instead of interest :
same
in the
sense.
Hoio much or hoiv little one is interested in a thing is expressed a) by adverbs, as magnopere, multum, magis^ maxime, nihil, paritm, minime b) by the adverbial neuters multum, plus, plurimum, minus, minimum, tantum, etc. magni, pluris, parvi, tantiy c) by the genitives :
:
—
:
—
:
quanti.
The thing which
interests or
concerns one,
not ex-
is
by an infitdtive ; b) by the accusative luith an infinitive ; c) by a subsidiary sentence with ut (that), ne (that not) and the Subjunctive; The general d) by an indirect question (in the Subj.). expressions this, that, what one is interested in, are expressed by the accusatives : id, illud, quod, quid. pressed by a substantive, but
;
a)
—
;
Interest
omnium, rede facere.
Anionium'^
Praeceptoris
teras incumbere.
Quid nostra
midtum
Magni mea
interest
vidum
refert [interest,)
interest, discipulos [refert),
ut
sunirno studio in
te
esse lit-
Omnium
videam.
m/igni interest feliciter vivere. 1
1.
Finally, the genitive stands with a substantive as a
nearer definition of
Comp.
it,
as
:
hortus regis
(=
hortus regius).
§ 82, 2, b.)
Hence
the genitive with the substantives: caussd, gratia, render by on account of for the sake of and with instar, Instead of the genitives mei, tui, sui, nostri, vestri med ivd, like. sua, nostra, vestrd, are used with caussd and gratia, as med, tud^ sudf
Rem.
4.
ergo which
we
:
:
:
nustrd, vestrd caussd or gratid (on
my
account, thy account,
etc.).
:
;
880
GENITIVE.
[$
88.
12. This attributive genitive signifies a) the author or cause, as
:
conjuratio Catilinae
;
de-
sideriurn patriae (longing after (excited by) one's
country) b) the possessor, as: hortus regis; c) the ivhole,
from which a part
genitive), as
taken (partitive
is
partes corporis.
:
The partitive Gen. stands also with other words besides when they signify apart of a lohole, viz with com-
nouns,
:
paratives and superlatives, pronouns and numerals, and the
minimum;
neuters: multum, plus, plurium; nihil, minus,
tantum, quantum, and the like used substantively, with adverbs of quantity, as
satis
:
parum, and with adverbs of place
in certain connections.
Duorum
fratrum major natu.
quentiae.
Ubi terrarum
nowhere in
the world.
Rem.
Cicero
Romanorum
tissimus fuit orator.
?
omnium Romanorum praestan-
unus,
where in
all the
Multum pecuniae.
Satis elo-
JS/usquam terrarum,
worlds
The genitive in these cases must often be rendered into English by the prepositions: ofjor, after, about, concerning, before, with, as memoria praeteriti temporis (of), desiderium patriae (for), consuetu5.
:
do amicorum
(with).
CXX. L
A
a.
We
scholar,
Who
Exercises for translation.
pity those
who
repent
(= whom
it
(^88.)
repents) of their faults.
make progress in literature. be ashamed of ignorance ? Many are dissatisfied with
loathes labor, will not
would not
their fortune.
who
I pity thee
my
boy
!
We
should pity those, who, by
fortune not by wickedness, find themselves (esse) in adversity (miseriae,
The
arum).
greedy
truth
(studiosus
sum) with
eager for war.
The
needs not approbation.
A
after greater riches.
literature.
The people
rich are often
good scholar occupies himself zealously
The
ancient
(gens) of the Gauls
Germans were very were very greedy for
gold. I.
one
b.
Who
repent of their sins,
will repent
of a good deed
time repent his indolence. pity others. det) of
life.
may hope The
(actio).
wilt
pardon
(venia).
indolent [man] will
No some
God pities thee, so thou shouldst Bad men are often wearied (taesome time be ashamed of thy bad life. The Just as
Pity thou the destitute.
Thou
[for]
^
GENITIVE.
88.]
227
powers of the body and the soul need exercise. Caesar and Pompey were very eager for fame. The wise [man] earnestly seeks (studiosua sum) a quiet life. We hate the men who are greedy of gold. Catiline was eager for a revolution (res novae). II.
men
Vespasian was unmindful of injuries (ofFensa,
a.
happily
live
members
who
are conscious of
Those
the past, perceives (cernere) the present [and] foresees
The Romans were
future.
ae).
The mind
no wickedness.
(=
ae) very familiar
plorare) the (nescius)
The
future fortune (fatum).
which he had received of Augustus. wretchedness
The
(plur.).
fought (perf) spiritedly.
remember
Deserters (perfuga,
very skilful in war.
acquainted) with the country, had spied out (ex-
march of the enemies.
[its]
re-
the
soldiers,
We
spirit
of
man
is
ignorant of
Cinna forgot (perf ) the favors Remind not the wretched of his
mindful of
[their]
former bravery,
should forget favors conferred (conferre),
The people of the Samnites were The Scythians were unskilful in literature and the arts. The Romans always longed (appetens sum) after fame and were eager for praise. We hate the man despising divine and human [but]
very
skilful in
Camels endure
laws. II.
[those] received.
war.
The mind
b.
easily forgets
those men.
an
who
mans were rude
(patiens
sum) hunger and
The
are unmindful of favors received. in the arts
good
man
We
hate
always remembers a favor.
and
literature.
ancient Ger-
Already the youth should
Dionysius, the older, tyrant of Syracuse,
and acquainted with war.
The wise [man] human frailty. Caesar and Pompey were two warfare. Foolish men forget their faults, but
is
was brave
always mindful of
generals very skilful in see (cernere) the faults
Pursue those things diligently in which thou
art skilful,
The
general re-
but abstain from those in which thou art unskilful.
minded
A
conscious of crimes cannot be quiet
injury, [but]
be mindful of age.
of others.
thirst.
(perf) the soldiers of [their] former bravery.
sary to remind an upright
man
of a favor.
It is
not neces-
Cicero was versed (consul-
and eloquence. The fate (fatum) of many peoi)les reminds us of human infirmity (infirmitas). The ancient Germans did not love (amans sum) arts and literature, but endured (patiens sum) thu-st, cold, heat and labors. Man, by (abl.) nature, seeks (appetens sum) after propriety of conduct. We esteem a man loving virtue. tus) in justice
III.
a.
Many men
accuse (insimulare) themselves of a
have spoken anything cheeiful
(=
victed (perf) by Cicero of a conspiracy against [his]
Alcibiades, while absent (absens),
was condemned
sin, if
Catiline
bright) in grief
to
they
was con-
native country.
death.
Brutus,
)
228
GENITIVE.
Roman
the vindicator (vindex) of
freedom, condemned even (etiam) his
Phocion was accused of treason, because he had con-
sons to death.
The judge
sulted (consulere) badly for (dat.) his country.
who had
solved him from injury,
The human
Alexander, not master of
Germany
his friend Clitus.
upon an
orator, to
ed
who
he,
is
speak
fitly,
is
Coelius ab-
expressly (nominatim) injured (lae-
dere) the poet Lucilius on the stage (scena).
taking of reason.
is
88.
[^
very fruitful of grain.
is
par-
(perf
incumbent
It is
Wretch-
and ornately.
clearly (distincte)
destitute of friends.
soul
[his] anger, killed
Fish are destitute of a voice.
Greece, at the time of the Trojan war, was very productive of brave
Human
men.
III. b.
son.
pietas
life is full
of cares and troubles.
Pausanias, king of the Lacedemonians,
The Athenians charged (insimulare) adversus deos) and condemned him
Roscius was accused of
was accused of treachery and condemned to was absolved from capital punishment (caput).
Miltiades
death, but afterwards
Man
trea-
Cicero charged
to death.
(coarguere) Verres with the greatest avarice. parricide.
was accused of
Socrates with impiety (im-
many kinds of living beings is partaking of reaThe drunken [man] is not master of his understanding (mens).
alone of (ex) so
son.
Alexander, king of the Macedonians, was not master of his anger. Beasts are destitute of reason and speech.
The
in the highest degree (maxime).
The
flowers and trees. poets,
is
peculiar to
man
of various herbs,
is full
period of Augustus was productive of good
of good orators.
destitute
[but]
Bravery
earth
Sicily is
very productive of
grain.
IV.
To
is
inherent in youth, providence in old age.
in (abk) the
time of Augustus, belonged almost the
Inconsiderateness
a.
Romans,
the
whole of the then known belongs also to
my
man
It is
soldiers.
men.
It is
of the earth.
What
belongs to me,
Great bravery was inherent in the Ro-
friends.
the duty of the wise to teach the ignorant.
a sign of inconstancy, '
circle
now
to trust
and now
to
our duty to defend our country.
distrust the very It
is
It is
same
the duty of the
scholar, to apply himself with all his powers, to. the study of the liberal arts
and
letters.
to think correctly
course.
A man
It is
and
not always a quality of the very
to express
his thoughts
of elevated soul despises riches.
large stature, but of a brave
mind and a
the enemies consisted of 253 ships.
markable
(singularis)
wisdom
same man,
elegantly in (abl.) dis-
fierce
Caesar was not of spirit.
Cato possessed
The
(= was
fleet
of
of) a re-
in all things.
IV. b. In boys and youths waywardness
is
inherent, in
men and
old
GENITIVE.
88.]
i
men
All Syria belonged to the Macedonians.
seriousness.
duty of the
28#
intelligent, to
It is
guide the unintelligent by counsel.
people of the Samnites, a great knowledge of war was inherent.
up
the duty of parents to bring
is
bent on you,
O
man may
esse) err,
(by
children well.
[their]
It is
boys, to obey the precepts of your teachers
but no one, except
esse) to persist in error.
It is
(nisi)
!
the
In th9 It
incum-
Evei^
the unwise, is wont (by
incumbent on the chiefs (princeps) in of the humble and poor.
(gen.) the state, to look out for the welfare
want of the
the duty of the wealthy, to relieve the
It is is
incumbent on young men,
now
the wise [man],
your duty,
It is
O
cumbent on the
to
honor old age.
and now
to trust
It
destitute.
to distrust the very
same view.
boys, to esteem your parents and teachers.
principal
men of
It
not the part of
is
It is in-
the state (optimates), to listen to
the
was of humble stature and small body. Boys of a quick genius and happy memory are adapted to (ad) the study of literature. The fleet of Xerxes The ancient Germans possessed (= were o^ consisted of 1200 ships. etc.) an immense size of body, incredible bravery and familiaritjr prayers of suppliants with benevolent hearts.
(^
exercise) with war.
V.
a.
In every (omnis) service,
much
as (quantum) he gave for
bought)
We
it.
Pericles valued
For hour
despise the
erature.
are b.
you apply yourselves with
All good
much
We
(parere) not
are
much
interested in this,
this
should value that
love virtue.
all
Parents are
?
well.
I
am much
zeal to the study of
interested, to be
(is)
victory
We
[but] desire another's.
dearly (tantundem), as
lit-
loved by others.
much, which
value those
The wise [man] esteems little,
book up
what good men judge concerning
by arms but by words.
esteem their own
wares not so
men
men who
Anaxagoras, his teacher,
interested, that [their] children be brought
interested, that
V.
(=
little.
For how much did you buy
very much.
We
should value the will of the giver
has thy father sold [his] gRrden? for just so much (tantumdem)^
esteem virtue [but]
much
we
Alexander valued Hephaestion very high.
the highest.
who
Agesilaus
is
us.
gained
men much, little. Many
(is)
riches very
The traders sell
[their]
(quantum) they have bought them.
How much has thy father bought the horse [for] ? All citizens are much interested, that peace be restored. We are much interested, I am much interested, that that we be instructed by good teachers. thou mayest soon return from (ex) the journey. The state is much interested, that literature flourish
(=
bloom).
h\\
be much interested, carefully to observe the laws.
20
good
citizens should
230
ACCUSATIVE.
VI. tes
Homer
a.
was
is
the oldest (vetus) of
the wisest of
ed Cicero
all
poets.
Socra-
Romans
surpass-
in itself sufficient assistance for is to literature,
so
from
pleasure
The
you pursuing?
much
of the
Tarquinius Superbus was the
in (abl.) eloquence.
Roman kings. Virtue has ful life. The less honor there there are. We draw much in school, not so
Greek
the
all
No one
the Greeks.
the
(quid) of business are
P 89.
much
last
of
a peace-
the less studies
What kind
literature.
scholar should be diligent
(tam) on account of his teachers, as on his
own
account.
We
do on our
own account. The Greeks built before Troy, a house like Many Romans had houses like mountains. Misfortune
do much on account of
friends,
which we should not
a mountain. is
an occasion for
We
virtue.
good men.
(gen.)
Not the
The memory of renowned men
should keep us from wrong.
The
obscured by no oblivion. VI. b.
Greek
Who
The
cities.
city
should strive to obtain intercourse with
fear of punishment, but the love of virtue
passion for honor
is
Syracuse was the greatest and
be
will
a hard mistress. fairest
of
all
the
much gold and silver. From the reading of a
Anciently the Spaniards dug up
has sufficient joy.
lives in prosperity,
good book, we draw very much (plurimum) pleasure.
Hannibal was the
most renowned general of the Carthaginians. Crassus had sufficient money, but too little (parum) prudence. More disadvantage lies (est) in the
wrong itself, than advantage in the (is) things acquired by the Those were called sophists by the Athenians, who pursued
wrong.
philosophy on account of gain or
pyramids
like
Cicero) equal
to (instar) all
tercourse with true friends is
is
§
The
whom ? tatem
accusative
or ivhat ?
regit, or that
It
True and dangers. InThe remembrance of time
for labors
Hannibal burned (ardere) with
Romans.
89. B. Accusative.
stands in answer to the question, signifies a passive object^ as
which
as: scribo epistolam.
agreeable.
agreeable.
great hatred against the
1.
built
on his own, but on our account.
no recompense
virtue desires (desiderare)
(abl.)
The Egyptians
Plato
(facere) kindly (benigne), not
happily spent (exigere)
os^tentation.
in\^ estimation ^Cicero (= was to He is beneficent who acts philosophers.
mountains.
:
rex civi-
produced by an action (effect), Hence it stands with all transitive is
verbs,
The following verbs take the accusative, although they might seem from their meaning to require a different case. 2.
:
^
ACCUSATIVE.
89.]
and some of them
:
23'1
are in fact accasionally constructed with
juvo and adjuvo ; deficio and fug'io; aequo and aequiparo ; decet and dedecet ; sequor, sector, ae-
prepositions in English
mulor and
:
imttor.
Marium juvit opibus
Atticus adolescenUm
Tempus nm
deficit.
the good.)
So
Mnlusfugit bonum
before the good == flees
also: defugio, effugio, suhterfugio.
So
su aegwafeani (kept up with). rum.
Fortes fortuna adjuvat.
suis.
(flees
Pedi'tes equitem cur-
Yerecund'ia deoet pue-
also adaequo,
taiiquam umbra sequitur.
Gloria mrtutem
subsequor.
Equites regem sectabardur.
imitetur'^
Virtutes niajorum
So
So
also: consequoVj
also consector.
Quis. Sidlam
aemulemur!
Rem. 1. Many strictly intransitive verbs, also, govern the Ace. in Latin, when compounded with prepositions which govern the Ace. or uncompounded when used transitively, or when the noun is from the ;
same stem
as the verb, as
The
3.
hoia long ?
hoiu far ?
deep ? hoio thick ?
Quaedam
bestiolae
unum diem
natus (old) excessit e
4.
(broad) ?
Jioio luide
how many (much)
?
hoiu high ?
hoio great ?
hoio
etc.
as
;
(Greek, Ace).
to ivhat 1
abest
vivere vitam.
:
accusative stands in answer to the questions
vita.
Turris pedes ducentos alta
The
vivunt.
Zama
Cato annos quinque et octoginta
quinque dierum
iter
ab Carthagine
Vite caput tegitur.
est.
accusative stands in an exclamation either with or
without an interjection.
Me
miserum
5.
A
a)
Ofallacem
!
hominum spem !
double accusative stands in the following cases
With
verbs which signify to call (name)
;
to
make,
choose^ appoint one something ; to account, consider as
something; take,
show
to
one^s self as something ; to give,
have as something.
Julius Caesar dictatorem se fecit. avaritia.
Homines
universus populus consulem declaravit. tistius se praestitit
sibi
torem habuit Lysim. 2.
The
vocavit.
Ciceronem
Sapientem beatum habemus.
acerrimum propugnatorem communis
nienses Miltiadem
Rem.
caecos reddit cupiditas et
Romulus urbem ex nomine suo Romam
imperatorem sumpserunt.
Romani Ciceronem patrem
libertatis.
AnAthe-
Epaminondas praeceppatriae appdlaverunt.
passive of these verbs has a double nominative (§ 84),
as : pavo superbus
dicitur.
;
:
ACCUSATIVE.
232
With
the verbs
gito
finally, posco, postulo.
b)
;
:
interrogo
celo^ doceo,
Ne
Ciceronem Minerva omnes artes edocuit.
Ego
te
JVullam rem
sententiam tuam rogo,
[$
89.
—
oro^rogo^fla-
quid turpe amicum roga
!
te celo.
Rem. 3. But peto (properly : / strive after), I request, entreat, is constructed with ab, and quaero (properly I seek), I ask, with ab or ex, as peto a te librum, quaero a (ex) te sententiam. Rem. 4. With most of the above verbs, in the passive construction, the personal object becomes the nominative and the accusative of the thing :
Cato rogatus est senMinerva omnes artes edoctus est. with verbs of demanding, the accusative of the thing becomes the nominative, and the accusative of the person remains and is governed by a preposition, as pecunia a me poscitur, flagitatur. Cicero a
remains.
tentiam.
Still
:
CXXI.
the duty of intelligent
It is
a.
I.
Eoi^rcises for translation.
men
(^89.) with counsel.
to assist others
honorable (honestus) to emulate the good, [but] base to imitate the
It is
No
bad. (abl.)
Time
It
becomes us
to follow the
often fails the orator sooner (citius) than
Fortune
Romans
people of antiquity equalled (aequiparare) the
bravery.
the
assists
The
bold.
soul
in
example of good men.
words
(=
the discourse).
escapes the view of the eyes.
The women and children were accustomed to follow the army of the Germans. The temple of the Ephesian Diana was 400 feet long and
No
200 broad.
power of
one of the Grecian orators equalled Demosthenes in
discourse.
Want and contempt
follow indolence.
dates reigned 60 years, lived 72, [and] carried on (perf )
with the Romans.
Much becomes
Alcibiades died (perf) about 40 years old (natus).
a boy, which does not become a man.
most powerful
city
something
1000 paces from the sea.
I.
like
We
b.
assist
Saguntum, the
of Spain, which Hannibal destroyed, was removed
him with
delight
who
We
the
Romans
followed swiftly, could not escape
should imitate those
does not become men. the bad
who It
is
love virtue.
our duty to
and emulate the good.
trench 600 feet long, 8 feet broad, escape.
Not courage, but strength
was besieged
The
No
has assisted us.
the Thebans could equal Alcibiades in bodily powers.
whom
Mithri-
war 40 years
their
What becomes assist the
soldiers
10" feet
deep.
(plur.) failed
(perf) 10 years .by the Greeks.
A
demonians held (perf) the supremacy of Greece.
one of
The enemies, hands.
boys, often
wretched.
Flee
made (= drew) a Death no one can our soldiers.
Troy
long time the Lace-
Theophrastus died
§
ACCUSATIVE.
89.]
In hatred against the Romans, no one
84 years old (natus).
(perf.)
233
equalled Hannibal. will, made the Roman The Romans called the supreme (summus) council (= counsel) senate. The people chose Ancus Martins king. Duty demands, that {ut with Subj.) we behave (praestare) ourselves religious-
Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, by his
II. a.
people his
heir.
We
and uprightly not only in great but also in small matters.
ly
should acknowledge virtue as the greatest good to men.
should conceal nothing from [their] parents. dors, entreated Metellus for peace.
Children
Jugurtha, by ambassa-
The ambassadors of Darius
quested (petere) help of the Carthaginians against Greece.
Give
re-
me
the book, which I long since (jam pridem) requested (perf) of thee.
Grain was demanded by the citizens.
ask of thee thy opinion.
man
son makes
The
who
[They] are ridiculous,
ney, which he ivns designing
were concealed from
Eumenes concealed from make
to
{Subj. periphrast.).
me by thee.
ed) by the ambassadors of
Cicero, informed
[things],
all
commanded
The ambassadors demanded back of
had been taken from the
manded of bantur),
those,
his
the jour-
all,
The
greatest
(=
instruct-
(imperare) the
Allobroges by am-
the enemies,
citizens during (per) the truce.
who enjoyed
no money
con-
teach others what they have not them-
pretors, that they should take (deprehendere) the
buscade.
we
labor
for
Parian marble the Greeks considered precious.
selves learned (=ascertained).
affairs
Recompense
lord of the earth.
sider honorable.
I
Rea-
all
which
Socrates de-
instruction (ejus consuetudine ute-
for his instruction.
Caesar demanded of the Edui, Cicero was asked his
the grain which they had promised (polliceri).
opinion in the senate. II.
b.
Friendship makes prosperity more
lighter (levis).
The resounding
Prosperity
voice.
is
ed
all
the
arms of the
calls
and adversity
the image of the
makes demandAll arms were deobject. The am-
not merely itself blind, but also generally
(efficere) [those] blind,
manded of
splendid,
echo, Horace
whom
it
has embraced.
The
citizens of the captured city.
the citizens.
I
ask thy opinion of this
soldiers
The Romans electwe maybe able to teach others what we know. The Tarentines demanded of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, aid against the Romans. The future has bassadors of the Gauls requested peace of Caesar.
ed Camillus dictator.
rightly
Eloquence
effects, thnt{ut
with Subj.)
been concealed from men, by the divine Providence. I have he had requested of me. The
given thy brother the book which
Athenians requested (petere) a general of the Lacedemonians.
20*
He
is
a
834
DATIVE.
true friend,
who
wisdom by
Socrates.
Many youths were
conceals nothing from us.
My friend, asked by me
We
cealed nothing from me.
esteem those
ed defender (propugnator) of the (edocere) the youth,
whom
taught
[as to] his opinion, con(is)
men much, who
Cicero showed himself the most
sider virtue the highest good.
The
P 90.
common
freedom.
he had led away
Tarentiues, involved in (abl.) a
Catiline instructed
bad deeds.
(illicere), in all
war with
the
con-
spirit-
Romans, requested
aid of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.
C. Dative.
§ 90.
1.
The
whom ?
stands in answer to the questions: to
dative
for luhom 1 for luhat 1 for whose advantage 1 for ivhose disadvantage ? for what end 1 It generally stands with verbs and adjectives where, in English, the to lohat 1
where by these
prepositions to ox for are used to govern the case, or the relation involved prepositions, as
:
is
similar to that expressed
do^ placeo^
prosum^ noceo
etc., uitlis, inutilis,
aptus, idoneus, gratus, similis^ par^ aequdlis, communis, etc.
Rem.
1.
Hence
verbs
transitive
all
the Dat. of the person (or thing)
remote
Do
may
who
take together with the
Ace,
shares in the action (Dat. of the
olyect).
donum.
tibi
cimus.
Epistolam
Non
tibi scribo.
scholar,
Litterarum studium hominibus utillissimum Ratio omnibus hominibus communis
similis est.
Rem.
2. Similis
and
dissimilis are often also
est.
sed vitae dis-
Canis lupo
est.
connected with the gen-
itive.
2. The following verbs take the dative in Latin, while in English they take the accusative: nubo^parco, benedicOy—'
maledico, supplico, suadeo,
— medeor
Y eims
—
ohtrecto, studeo,
nupsit Vulcano.
tur (not even chiklren
dicimus (censure) malis. vldet n£mlni.
Parce mihi.
were spared).
litteris
after).
tibi
arrldeo, invideo per-
Ne
infantibus
Benedidmus
qmdem parceba-
(praise) bonis^ male-
Donum tuum valde mihi arrisit. Probus in(I am envied). Omnibus amicis pro te
Mihi invidetur
libentissime supplicabo (entreat).
Nunquam
—
3,nd patrocinor.
persuadebo.
studere debent (study).
Mali bonis obtredare (disparage) solent.
Mihi persuadetur
(I
Omnes homines
Philosophia m^detur animis.
am
persuaded).
libertati
Pueri
student (strive
Bonus bono pairocinatur
(protects).
:
DATIVE.
$90.]
235
3. Also, many verbs by composition with prepositions, espewith the following ab, ad, ante, cum [con], de, ex, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub and super, acquire a meaning which makes them take the
Rem.
cially
:
dative.
The
3.
dative stands with est and sunt to express the per-
who
son or thing
The
has or possesses something.
thing
possessed stands in the nominative as subject. Suus cuique mos
est.
Rem.
In nomen mihi
4.
Semper
in
Multi mihi sunt
sunt, bonis invident.
est (I
civitate
[ii],
quibus opes nullae
libri.
have the name,
stands either in the dative or nominative, as
:
am
called), the
nomen mihi
name
est Carole
{Carolus).
The
4.
is
answer to the question which besides, a dative of the person
dative of the end (in
for ivhat end
?),
to
commonly added, stands a) With sum^ which, in this :
duce
to^
With
b)
etc to
serve for
case, is to
be rendered con-
;
do^ accipioy relinquo, deligo^ mitto, venio, habeo,
also with do, duco, tribuo, verto in the
;
impute
Bonum non
potest esse
gloriaeque sunt.
meaning
to.
cuiquam malo.
Virtutes hominibus decori
Virtus sola neque datur dono, neque acdpitur.
sanias venit Atticis auxUio.
Vitio
Pau-
mihi dant, quod mortem hominis
necessarii graviter fero.
CXXII. I.
a.
Exercises for translation.
($
90.)
Nobody errs for himself alone, but spreads (spargere) folly (deamong (in) those next [to him]. Pleasure flatters our
mentia) [also] senses.
much
A
good man labors
did not supplicate the judges. first
for virtue, not for fame.
Sleep
Socrates, conscious of no wickedness
like death.
Julia,
to
is
very
himself,
daughter of Augustus Caesar,
married Marcellus, then Marcus Agrippa,
finally
(postremum) Ti-
Time cures grief best. The more fortune smiles upon one It is base, to disparage (ob(quis), so many the more friends he has. The Germans /rowi childhood (ab trectare) the fame of a great man. berius.
parvulis) earnestly
cian can cure
pursued labor and hardness
all diseases.
Death spares no mortal. the two should
we
(duritia).
No
i)hysi-
The sister of Atticus married (perf ) Cicero. Bad men reproach the good. Neither of
praise (benedicere), neither the impious nor the
236
DATIVE.
The orator convinced the The wise [man] envies no
flatterer.
counsel. b.
I.
We
live
[?90.
of the advantage of his
citizens
one.
not merely for ourselves, but also for our country and
The dog is like the wolf A good citizen obeys the laws with delight. Whoever reviles others, reviles himself [also]. It is easy to convince a good man of the value of virtue. It is base to disparage others (aker). It is ^ mark of an ill-disposed man, never to They have many friends, upon whom fortune praise a good man. other men.
smiles.
to those,
who preserve
upright [man] envies nobody, [but]
smile upon.
It
is
wicked man,
to
restrain the
of (propter)
many wicked [men]
a.
body and
by the
to
In Sicily there
soul.
kingdom
Bad customs conduce
to the
Romans
Romans
aid.
hast thou received this book as
has given
me
book
the
gave to Themistocles Industry b.
II.
is
Where
for a present.
Myus (Myus,
imputed
My
friend
A
to the praise
Man
victoiy
for
Two
Caesar is
man for
a reproach.
The
father
Persians,
of Asia, for a pres-
little
has a mortal body, [but] an im-
The God is
struggle
(=
effort)
not accustomed to
thrust (immittere) themselves inconsiderate-
won
(parere)
by treachery, does not con-
of the conqueror, but to
[his]
reproach.
Caesar chose a
fit
It is
fault.
city.
The
Modesty
is
desire after
our
place for the
thousand footmen and a thousand horsemen were
behind for protection to the puted to Caesar for a
to
besieged by the
a present?
untis), a city
be-
left
imputed
^-Xerxes, king of the
ornament.
duty to come for aid to the wretched.
camp.
Attains, a king of
city,
called Charles.
is
men aid(auxilio esse) those who duce
are for de-
caprice reigns (dominari), innocence has [but]
after truth serves all
ly into danger.
(=
for praise to the scholar.
protection (praesidium).
mortal soul.
many
has
to the destruction
Bravery
Poverty should be imputed to no
enemies, for
From whom
(levis)
Man
for a present.
Caesar came to the
for praise.
the priestesses
marry a man. a volcanic mountain,
is
hind 500 soldiers for protection to the camp.
ent.
To
spare one.
to
Just laws serve for safety to a state.
state.
Asia, gave his
the
punishment of one
capital
was not permitted
many men.
struction to, etc.)
O
wickedness of many, than on account
Riches conduce to the destruction of
called Aetna.
Save time,
of mortals, does fortune always
Cicero possessed a remarkable eloquence.
faculties of
of a
it
The
fidelity.
envied by many.
is
better (praestat),
(sacerdos, otis) of Vesta, II,
(conservare) [their]
Scarcely any one (ullus)
boys!
We are attach-
Philosophy cures sick (aeger, gra, grum) souls.
ed (studere)
dominion
imputed to a boy
is
left
im-
for praise,
;
$
:
:
ABLATIVE.
91.]
immodesty
The ablative The place
imputed
is
besieged
to
men
for
city.
expresses in which something takes place (where?),
marique, hoc loco, also in connection with totus
terra
:
tlie
91. D. Ablative.
§
1.
237
Contempt of money
for censure.
Caesar sent 3000 soldiers as aid to
praise.
as
-
mid omnis,
as: totis campis^ tola urLe,
similar expressions
;
and so
in
many
other
but otherwise in generally stands with
ablatives of this kind.
The
2.
and
time in or ivithin ivhich something happens (when ?
at or ivithin ivhat time ?)
Qua node
natus Alexander
Agamemno cum
flagravit.
Epaminondas
cepit urbem.
The ground
3.
whence
?) ;
hence
—
die
eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum de-
uno Graeciam
or cause
:
—
on tvhat account?
—
gaudeo^
laetor, glorior,
excello^praesto, supero, —-f^do, confldo,
laetus^fretus, contentus, natus ^ ortus, genitusj etc.
In culpa sunt, qui officia deserunt moUitid animi (from). toris ars utilitate,
non
account
arte laudatur (on
vae crescunt, discordia maximae dilabuntur. Salus
gaudere oportet.
Nemo
nitiiur.
unam
liberavit.
(wherebij?
stands with
it
laboro, valeo, floreo, nitor
est,
universa GTraecia vix decern annis
hominum non
of).
Guberna-
Concordia res par-
Delicto dolere, corrections
veritate
solum, sed etiam
fama
potest aut corporis Jirmitatty aut fortunae stabilitate con-
[Fido and confido are quite as often, and difftdo almost always
Jidere.
joined with the Dat)
Conienti estote sorte vestra.
4. The means and instrument, also the material (wherewith? wherefrom? whence?). Octdis videmus, auribus audimus.
Britanni lads et came vivunt
When
a person is employed as a means or instrument, the acused with per, as per tuum patrem miseria liberatus sum. With passive or intransitive verbs, the agent or doer is expressed by the ablative with the preposition o, as mundus a deo creatus est. The accompanying person is expressed by the ablative with cum,
Rem.
1.
cusative is generally
:
:
as: cumfraire ambulavi.
5.
more
Hence
the ablative of the instrument or material stands
particularly
238
ABLATIVE.
With
a)
91.
[§
verbs o^ fwrnishin^, formings instructing^ be-
ing accustomed. Natura oculos tenuissimis memhrdnis
filium
litteris
vestivit
summo gaudio me
erudivit (or instituit,
imbuit, instruxit).
(fill).
So
et sepsit.
Litterae tuae
affido, I affect
also with
Pater
aff^cerunt
Milites continuo
labore assueti [assuefadi] erant.
With
b)
expressions of fulness^ plenty and loant^ as
abundo, reo,
and
affluo,
Germania abundat Jluminibus. Miserum est
ipse eget consUio ?
Delos
scateo,
—egeo and indigeo
—compleo,
and
satio,
:
ca-
refertus, inops, praeditus.
;
Quid
afFerre consilii potest [is], qui
carere consuetudine
amicorum.
Insula
referta erat divitiis.
Rem.
Egere and indigere are oftener found with the
2.
See
genitive.
§88,2.
With
c)
the impersonal opus est (there is need of), the
thing stands in the ablative, the person in the dative.
But when opus
'
est is
used personally, the thing
stands as subject in the nominative. Multis non duce tantum opus
opus
Rem.
est,
When
3.
infinitive
the thing which
or the ace. with the
bis commemorare.
Si quid
is
needed
erit,
quod
is
a verb,
Nihil opus
infinitive.
te scire
opus
d) With, utor, fncor, fungor, potior Multi tus
henefijcio
dei })erverse utuntur.
Vescimur
est.
Rem.
Dux
sed adjutore et coadore.
nobis
Duces nobis opus sunt.
est.
bestiis.
Potiri rerum
4.
est, sit,
it is
generally the
rem
pluribus ver-
scribam.
and
vescor.
Augustus Alexandria brevi
Cicero consulatu bene functus
means,
to
poti-
est.
appropriate to one's self {obtain) supreme
power. 6.
The
ablative expresses that according to ivhich
measured ox judged of {according to ivhat ?) Magnos homines virtute metimur, nonfortund. Quod rectum
thing
some-
is
est,
nee
magnitudine aestimdtur, nee numero, nee tempore. 7.
Hence with
another
is
with the
the comparative, the object with
compared
Nom.
is
which
put in the ablative instead of quam
or Ace.
Pater ^M? doctior est, than the son, or Patrem^io modestiorem cognovi.
pater doctior
est,
quam
filius
:
§
ABLATIVE.
91.]
8.
Especially
is
the ablative used to express a respect or
nearer definition (vjherein
1
in %uhat respect
Epaminondae nemo Thebanus par
1).
Multi sunt corpo-
fuit eloquentid.
Magnus, major, maximus natu.
re validi, mente infirmi.
duB
239
9.
The
ablative expresses the measure,
In answer to the question
a)
Sol multis partihus major atque amplior
and indeed
bp hoiv much (many)
:
particularly with comparatives
and
quam
est,
and quanta,
the, eo
after 1
vidi.
c)
Here belong
terra.
little, little,
quo
the.
to the question:
hoio long before or
before the prepositions ante and post,
amicitia habuit
fuit,
pauds
quam
Lae-
Pythagoras.
diebus post
mortem
Africani.
how long before or after the present time ? used with either ante, abhinc or post, as ante tres anPost paucos dies te videbo. Tres abhinc dies amicum vidi.
But
5.
the accusative
nos te
much
Pompilius annis permultis ante
sermonem de
Rem.
tanto, so
answer
b) In
Numa
and
?
superlatives.
the ablatives : multo, by much, much, parvo, paullo, by
lius
Me-
JVatione
fuit.
in the question
:
is
:
With
expressions of buying and selling, costing,
hiring, exchanging, the price,
and with dignus and
indignus, the thing of ivhich something
\^
worthy or
unioorthy, worth or not ivorth stands in the ablative.
Hunc librum Poenis
stetit
parvo prctio emi.
victoria.
invidia digna est.
Rem.
6.
Multorum sanguine
Excellentium
Veritas auro digna
Here belong
also the
hominum
et vulneribus
virtus imitatione,
ea
non
est.
ablatives
:
magna
(for
much,
dear),
parvo (for little, cheap), plurimo, minima, tanto, quanta and the Kke, with Instead of the Abl. the Gen. is also used, verbs of buying and selling. as magni, parvi, etc. ($ 88, 9). :
10.
The
ablative signifies the toay
and manner in which
something takes place. Vir sapiens aequx) animx) injuriam
fert.
11. Finally, the ablative stands
with expressions of remov-
ing and separating, oi freeing and depriving. Caesar castra naturae nos
loco mavit.
Hospitem
arcere tedo nefas est.
levat suptrstitione, liberal mortis mttu.
excelsus omni est
liber
aura et angore.
'
Cognitio
Robustus animus et
240
ABLATIVE.
CXXIII
[$
Exercises for translation.
91.
($ 91.)
Xerxes brought (perf ) war upon Greece by land and by sea (mare). The enemies were discovered upon all the plains. In the second Punic war Hannibal wasted (perf! ) the power (opes) of Italy. a.
I.
Socrates, on the last (supremus) day of his
much concerning
life,
spoke (disserere,
perf.)
the immortality of the soul(plur.).
Xerxes was conquered (perf) more by the wisdom of Themistocles than by the arms The minds of men are often tormented by distressing of Greece. (acerbus,
a,
um)
We
cares.
ought to grieve
[their] correction (correctio).
dominion [and]
Upon
of fortune.
humbled
(opes),
Gauls
(frangere, perf.) the
The wise [man] does
trusting to (fretus) their bravery.
I.
to glory in
Crassus suffered from an immoderate desire
gloiy.
Caesar, by his arrival,
for riches.
stability
rejoice at
man
Greece formerly flourished (== bloomed) in power
his faults.
can
at faults, to
the part of a bad
It is
not trust to the
the goods of the soul alone (solus,
a,
um)
we depend (niti). Nature is satisfied with little attention. b. The Romans by sea (mare) and by land have carried on many
wars.
The
were spread
colonies of the Syrians
most the whole
circle
ble place the attack of the enemies.
Navigation
In the months October and
Not from
the fruits are collected from (ex) the trees.
man
but from choice the upright is
avoids
(=
?
fear
wicked deeds. Who would glory
flees)
praised on account of the advantage.
in his ignorance
in a suita-
In the spring the swallows re-
autumn they go away.
turn to us, in the
November
(difFundere) over al-
The Romans awaited
of the world.
Parents rejoice at the welfare of [their] children
and grieve at their adversity. At nothing are we accustomed to rejoice so much (tam) as at the consciousness of our duties. The Roman Aristides was disstate suffered from two vices, avarice and luxury.
Happy
tinguished (floreo) by the fame of [his] justice. trusts to virtue,
unhappy
goods of fortune.
[he]
The enemies,
their ti'oops, desired to fight. shall II.
who
he
who
number of
are contented with our
lot,
we
be happy (beatus). a.
The sun
illuminates the
whole earth with
defends himself with the horns, the horse with the the teeth. tal
is
upon riches or any other
trusting to (fretus) the
we
If
rests
fame.
its
light.
feet,
Cicero, by his eloquence, had acquired for himself
Cicero was expelled from
Rome by Clodius.
The ox
the boar with
immor-
Parents,
who
have imbued the minds of their children with the principles of virtue,
and instructed them
in literature, deserve well
of their children but also of the
state.
The
(=
deserve) not only
earth, in the spring, is
§
ABLATIVE.
91.]
clothed with herbs and flowers.
gold and
the world with
filled
full of [scatere) fishes.
We
is
all
The
sea is
need (egere) the aid of
There
general to even the bravest army. labors, to the
captured
body and the
The
city.
(= who)
need of repose
(=
Pronounce
extol)
after
to the
him happy who
Use the powers which God has given
joys good health.
wishes
generally /e
Cimon, the son of Miltiades, had (adolescentia, ae).
en-
Who-
thee.
renown, must perform the duties
to obtain true
The Numidians
of virtue.
is
There was need of ready aid
soul.
Carthaginians were accustomed (perf.) formerly
to use elephants in war.
ever
iron, silver [and]
[things].
The earth abounds in all things which men need (egere). endowed with reason and speech. There is need of a wise
others.
Man
good
all
a misfortune (miserurn), to be deprived of
It is
intercourse of friends.
(carere) the '
Crassus, king of Syria, abounded in
Spain anciently abounded in lead,
silver.
God has
gold.
241
(uti) a very
hard beginning of youtli
Alexander, king of the Macedonians, possessed
himself of the whole Persian kingdom. b.
II.
We
see with the eyes, hear with the ears, smell with the nose
(nares, ium), taste with the palate, feel with the nerves.
Very high
mountains are covered with perpetual (perennis) snow and often attain
more by goodness than by
force.
God has
delivered from destruction by Cicero.
rich
who
are
who need
endowed with
virtue.
the unfortunate are destitute [things] with its light.
(indigere)
The
our aid most. fortunate
(carere) of friends.
The Roman
state
was
enclosed (sepire) and
covered (vestire) the eyes with very delicate membranes. to aid those most,
We
ice.
The Roman
We They
abound with
The sun
ought
are
all
friends, fills
all
consul, Aemilius, enriched (di-
Our mind is filled (afficere) with when we have done something good. Greece abounded in great poets. The body has need of food and drink (potio). When we act rightly, we have need of neither dissimulation (simulatio) nor deception (fallacia). Any one you please of the sailors can govern the ship in (abl.) a quiet sea, [but] when (ubi) a violent (saevus) The Helots storm has arisen, then they have need of a pilot
tare) his soldiers with great booty.
joy
(Helota, ae) with the
Lacedemonians, performed the
oflSce
of slaves.
That (is) ship performs (confic6re) the course best, which has (uti) Many men abuse reason. Discharge scruputhe most skilful pilot. lously the
oflfice
committed
The covetous [man] does not enThe Greeks anciently ate acorns. Alex-
to thee.
joy the riches which he has.
ander possessed himself of the kingdom of Darius. III.
a.
Scholars in school, are judged of and estimated not accord-
21
242
ABLATIVE.
(= genus),
ing to rank
but good manners, a teachable
The wise man measures men
tive (acer) industry.
There
fortune but according to character.
than virtue.
Ireland
[§
is
nothing more amiable
is
been expelled, was recalled
Cimon,
and ac-
not according to
smaller by a half than Britain.
founded eighty-two years before Rome.
spirit
91.
Carthage was
five
years after he had
to [his] native country.
In the sixty-sec-
Rome
urbem conditam), the third war against the Carthaginians was undertaken. The friend, whose an'ival I had expected three days before, has come to day, and ond year
after the founding
of the
city
will depart again after ten days.
thian vase for an
he has sold
his horse?
bought
it
grateful
it
is
Chrysogonus bought (perf ) a Corin-
price.
For how much has thy
for so
much
The war has
for.
mind
of man.
immense
(post
cost
us
(stare)
unworthy of favors.
much
Virtue and
Receive those into friendship
father sold
(tantum), as (quantum) he
whom
The wise man endures
blood.
wisdom
An
un-
are worthy
thou shalt consider
the hardships of
with
worthy of thy
love.
equanimity.
Cicero, deprived of public offices, found satisfaction in
the study of philosophy.
The winds
life
purify the air from noxious vapors.
Timoleon, with incredible success (fortuna), expelled Dionysius from all Sicily.
Not according to greatness of stature, but from a brave and mind we judge of a soldier. According to character, not accordNothing is ing to property (facultates) we should estimate men. more excellent than truth. No (nemo) Theban was equal to Epaminondas in eloquence. Pompy was only two years (biennium) older Carthage was founded eighty-two years after Rome and than Cicero. ni. b.
fierce
destroyed in the 700dth year afterwards. sixth year of his age, the tenth
day
Agricola died in the
hefore the Calends
fifty-
of September (ante
My brother, who departed six days ago, will The trader sells the wares for a greater price than he has bought them for from others. Thou canst buy neither They are unworthy of favors who are unvirtue nor wisdom for gold. mindful of them. The victory over the Romans cost Pyrrhus, king of The deeds of Caesar are worthy of eternal renown. Epirus, much. They deserve praise who honor virtue. Folly is unworthy of man. Kalendas Septembres). return after two years.
Pausanias, king of the Lacedemonians, lived, after the custom of the Persians,
(perf)
more luxuriously than was proper (par). Jugurtha expelled ally and friend of the Roman people, from his
Ad herbal, an
kingdom and
all [his]
possessions (fortunae).
Themistocles, a general
of the Athenians, delivered Greece from servitude.
;:
^
CONSTRUCTION OF NAMES OF CITIES.
92.]
§ 92.
Construction of the
The names
1.
Names of
the third Dec.
Cities,
and small islands) stand, in answer to the
of cities (toivns, villages
of the first and second Dec. Sing-,
question where
243
? in the
and of
genitive; but the
names
the Plur. of the first
in the ablative, without
of cities of
and second Dec,
In answer to the question,
in.
ivhither ? they all stand in the accusative,
and
answer
in
to
the question, lohence ? in the ablative, in each case without
a preposition. Ut Romae consules, Talis
Romae
Carthagine quotannis bini reges creabantur.
sic
mare Dyn-hachii et Apolloniae Cono plurimum Cypri fuit. Curiiis
Lesbi.
Pompeius
Fabricius, qiialis Aristides Aihenis fuit
primus
constituerat.
Iphicrates in Thracia,
vixit,
Romam
Mhenis
et se
est ibique
Rhodum
perpetuum exsilium egit
Rem. Domus and rus have domi (at home), domi
my
Consul
contullt.
cities:
domum
Timotheus
Pompeius
elephantos quattuor duxit.
Lucerid proficiscitur Canusium atque inde Brundisium.
tam profectus
the
hie-
Delphis Apollinis oraculum
Roma
Lycurgus CreAeschines
Athenas profectus
same construction
as the
cessit est,
names of
meae, tuue, suae, nostrae, vestrae, alienae,
house), domo (from the house, to, the country), rure (from the country). Besides, humi (on the ground), domi militiaeque or domi bellique (at home and abroad, in peace and in war). (at
house, etc.),
home);
—run (not
The words
2.
urbs,
swer
?
(chief city), in
names of
answer
cities,
as
to the question,
stand in the ablative generally without in ; in an-
to the question, ivhither ? in the accusative
answer
in
country, rws (into,
in apposition with the
oppidum, caput
where
(to the
rare), in the
without in
to the question, ivhence ? in the ablative
without
ab.
Archias poeta Antiochlae natus
est, celebri
quondam
Cicero profectus est Athenas, urbem celeberrimmn.
urhe et copiosa.
Demaratus
Corintho,
urbe amplissima, Tarquinios fugit
CXXIV. I.
phy.
As long
as Cicero
Exercises for translation.
was
at
($ 92.)
Athens, he earnestly pursued philoso-
At Ephesus, a city of Asia, was a very renowned (celeber) temAt Sparta was the most honorable (honestus) abode of
ple of Diana.
CONSTRUCTION OF NAMES OF CITIES.
244
The
old age.
Demaratus of Etruria. state,
up
arts
and
literature flourished
from Corinth, a
fled
city
(= bloomed)
at Athens.
of Greece, to Tarquinii, a city
Timoiheus, compelled by the hatred of the ungrateful
Marius was born'and brought
betook (perf) himself to Chalcis.
Arpinum, a city of Latium. At Alexandria, a Brutus proceeded Egypt, was a renowned (eximius) library. dea to the camp. Hannibal proceeded from Carthage to Spain. (perf.)
city
at
Dio-
Plato from Athens.
gustus died at Nola, a city of lower Italy
(Italia
idved three years at
Rome, one year
:two at Philippi, three at Sparta.
morrow from the country, home into the country and I
am
in
tvhat is without
friend,
he
is
my house,
I
AuI
have
Corinth, two years at Athens,
at
My
home
father will return
whole summer
will pass the
to-
in the countiy.
do not trouble myself (curare) about
When
a friend
own
were, in his
it
inferior).
and, after three days, will go again from
(alienus, plur.).
(versari) as
of
Ar-
to
oysius, the tyrant, sent for (arcessere, perf)
When
92.
[§
is
in the
(ace.)
house of a
house, not in anothers.
The Egyptians embalmed (condire) the dead and laid them away (condere) at home. The Athenians were very renowned in peace (domus) and in war (militia). Many men would rather (malo) live in the country than in the city. By good counsels, the welfare of the state will be secured (constituere) at home and abroad. I shall remain at home,
my
[but]
brother will go into the country.
n. In Sparta, the boys were scourged (caedere) with thongs (lorum) at the altar
of Diana.
re) to Molon.
Cicero, in Rhodes, attached himself (se applica-
Artemisia, the wife of a king of Caria, built at Halicar-
nassus a famous renowned men
In the times of Pericles,
(nobilis) sepulchre.
Athens.
lived at
many
Hannibal was born at Carthage.
Themistocles, presented with great presents by Artaxerxes, returned (perf) to Asia and established
The
lon, the chief city
(constituere) his abode at Magnesia.
was removed
(transferre, perf.)
from Baby-
of Assyria, to Alexandria, a city of Egypt.
Dionysius,
corpse of Alexander
the tyrant, fled (perf) from Syracuse, the most powerful city of Sicily,
renowned
to Corinth, a very
(perf) his
life at
(celeber) city of Greece.
Utica, a city of Africa.
Italy to Carthage.
Scipio often hurried
away
(evolare) from the city
into the country, [and] then returned to business
the
Alexander died
city.
The
soldiers returned (perf.)
the body the
(perf.) at
first
is,
as
it
home
came
to
Rome.
from the country into
Babylon, the chief city of Assyria. joyful at the victoiy.
were, in a foreign house.
elephants
Cato took away
Hannibal was recalled from
Nowhere
conveniently (commode) as at home.
The
soul in
In the time of Pyrrhus, dots one live (vivltur) so
Archimedes was
killed (perf.)
— §
REMARKS ON THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONS.
93.]
at Syracuse, a city
of
city,
Roman
by a
Marius died
soldier.
at his
Laelius hastened forth (evolare) into the country
house an old man.
from the
Sicily,
245
The superiority (virtus) home and abroad. Socrates
as if (tanquam) from ehains.
of Caesar had been acknowledged at
brought back to the house the very same expression which he had carried forth from
Cicero often lived in the country.
it.
Ovid lived a long time (aliquamdiu)
§
Remarks on
93.
Ab and
1.
at
Tomi, a
The
of Moesia, in
city
poet
exile.
of the Prepositions,
the use
de (from, by, of) differ thus
:
a) of place,
ah
—
means, aivay from a place, de, doivn from, or away from, b) ah is used with an active object, and hence stands with the agent or doer after passive verbs, de
used with
Si
Lucretius de muro se dejecit.
cives discesserunt (away from the forum).
(many
pottis fictae sunt
by the
is
passive object.
Milites ab urhe profecti sunt.
les
on the contrary,
fables
Multa de
poets).
te
Deforo
Multae fabulae de Hercule a
have been invented concerning Hercua
much
tuo audivi (I have heard
fraJtre
of thee from thy brother).
Circimi
2.
axem
The
verbs
3.
some
used only of place (not of
is
se circum
time), as
terra
:
convertit :
others take
pono,
loco,
m with the
colloco,
ablative
defigo and where the accusative
constittk),
seems to be required, since they express motion. and suhter are very rarely used with the ablative.
CXXV.
Exercises for translation.
Super
(^ 93.)
I. The Gauls were conquered (perf by Caesar. Caesar has related much of the Gauls. Cornelius Nepos wrote (perf) a book concerning the life and customs of Cato. The life and customs of Cato were written by Cornelius Nepos. The citizens, besieged by the enemies, placed all hope in the wisdom and firmness of the general. From whom hast thou heard this news concerning the arrival of my father ? from thy brother. We would place the highest good in virtue The )
!
wise
man fixes (defigere) his thoughts not upon pleasure, but upon virtue.
n. Cicero wrote (perf) three books concerning duties.
concerning duties were written by Cicero.
been
left (tradere)
Three books
Excellent precepts have
us by Plutarch concerning the instruction of children
21*
!
246
OF THE USE OF THE PRONOUNS.
94.
[$
Plato placed the reason in the head, anger in the breast
(puer).
Cicero, in the
first
book of the Tusculan Disputations, speaks (disputaMuch has been related to us by
of the immortality of the soul.
re)
our teacher of the bravery of the Romans.
a peaceful
life
The
Of
the use of the Pronouns.
personal pronouns in the Norn.
are expressed with the
upon them, hence,
rest
sessive
all
Let us place
in virtue
§ 94.
1.
Cicero fixed (defigere)
upon the welfare of his country.
his cares and thoughts
pronouns also
:
when
verb, only
:
tu^ nos^
eg-o,
The
especially in contrasts.
meus, tmis,
etc.
vos
a particular stress pos-
are used only in this
case, or for the sake of perspicuity.
Ego
me
ter
2.
Mens frater meus me
fieo, tu rides.
amat
The
(not: frater
genitives nostri
But Fra-
diligens est, tuus piger.
:
amat).
and
vestri, like met,
objective (not possessive), but nostrum
tui,
are
sui
and vestrum are used
partitively.
Memoria
should distinguish being), e. g.
some of
or
3.
Nemo
:
animus
pars
:
4.
from
se diligunt.
opposed
Oravi amicum, ut
When these
Infin., or
we
= of our, your
Haec
um, are used
when
to itself.
oratio sibi repugnat.
JUexander,
man us abstinuit. Dux cum militibus suis
civitate
reflexive
with a
ejecerunt.
sibi consuleret.
pronouns stand as the subject of dependent clauses and refer
Part., or in
to the subject of the leading clause, they
him, her,
Animus its
Quis
Besides,
interemisset Clitum, familiarem suum, vix a se
translated into English by, he, she,
by
vesiri.
pars nostrum, vestrum, a part
:
sui, sibi, se ; suus, a,
thing), is
Hannibalem sui cives e
an
of us, you,
nostri, vestri (a part
est pars nostrij
The pronouns
Omnia animalia
fiigit.
Memini
vtstri.
vestrum, sua officia explevit.
us.
an object (person or quum
Memor sum
nostri (of us).
nostrum haec dixit ?
it,
to
may
generally be
him, to her, to
it,
they, them, to them.
sentit, se
own
it,
power).
sua
vi
moveri (the soul
is
Caesar exercitu per
conscious, that
se
it is
moved
comparato rempublicam
:
$
OP THE USE OP THE PRONOUNS.
94.]
an army collected by
liberavit (with est, ut se
Caesar milites adhortatus
him).
sequerentur (that they should follow him).
The oblique cases of 15, ea, id, on the contrary, are when an object is not opposed to itself, but to another
5.
used,
object
ejus, eorimi,
;
into English Pater
by
e.
or her^
his son,
g.
Pater eum valde
friends).
in this case, are translated
his, her, their.
ignovit [him,
ei
and earum
Caesar fortissimus
fuit
ejus
:
his daughter
memor
;
but
erit [his, e. g.
Dux
Mater eam valde amat.
diligit.
et
dux cum militibus suis facta admiramur [his deeds). Hos-
milites ejus fugerunt (and his soldiers fugit).
e. g.
Pater semper ejus
pater sihi ignovit, himself).
but
;
:
multas urbes exciderunt, earwwique incolas in servitutem abduxe-
tes
runt (and
their inhabitants).
The pronoun
6.
al
247
um
ipse, a,
often stands with the person-
pronouns, either in the same case with the subject,
the subject
Ego me
contrasted ivith other subjects, or in the
is
as the object,
when
the object
ipse vitupero (/
[myself and not another). cent, aliis
maxime
The
7.
same
contrasted ivith other objects.
Ego me ipsum vitupero sibi ipsis maxime plaloquor. De me ipso loquor.
and not another). Saepe
displicent.
genitives:
is
when
ii
homines, qui
De m£
ipsius,
ipse
ipsorum and ipsarum, which
often stand in connection with the possessive pronouns, axe
be translated into English by,
to
Meus ipsius
pater
(my own
er).
Meum
Dux
sua ipsius culpa victus
rum mater.
ipsius consilium
father).
otvn.
Mea
(my oum est.
ipsius
mater (my ot^n moth-
Tuus
counsel).
JVoster ipsorum pater.
Duces sua ipsorum culpa
victi
sunt.
ipsius
frater.
Vestra ipso-
Sorores
mea
»ud
ipsarum voluntate domi manent. 8. Besides what was said of the difference in usage between the interrogatives quis ? quid ? and qui ? quae 1 quod ? in Rem. 3. § 30 it should be here stated, that, when ;
quis has a
noun with
apposition with
it
;
it,
the
noun
the person or thing (what), qui after
as:
quis philosophus
phus
?
(what
is
to
be regarded as in
that quis inquires barely after the
?
its
nature (what sort of),
(what philosopher?),
sort of a philosopher
?),
name of
^m
philoso-
OP THE USE OF THE PRONOUN.
248 Rem. finite
1.
For the
pronouns
The
9.
pronoun quis
indefinite
after
quae, quod, quo or quanto (the,
si,
nisi,
num, quum,
ne,
iN'um quis dubitat hac de re ?
laedas.
eo (tanto) modestior
tior est,
When
0.
sibi, se,
suus,
quisque it
When
Vide, we
est.
Qito {quanto) quis sapien-
est.
connected with the pronouns
is
Minime
notus
sibi quisqae
quisque stands after superlatives,
est.
may
it
by precisely the, the very, and when it stands ordinal numbers by each, every. translated
Sapientissimus quisque virtutem (Quarto quoque
sui,
stands immediately after them.
Trahit sua quemque voluptas.
11.
qui^
with the comparative).
quis de immortalitate aniraorum dubitat, insanus
iSi
quem
1
qua (quae), quid aliquis, etc., and
(qui),
emphatic than
is less
commonly
stands most
between the double forms of the indeSee k 31.
distinction
quisy qua, quid, qui, quae quod, etc.
some one^ one,
(quod),
P 94.
anno (every fourth
maxime amat
be
after
(precisely the wisest).
year).
Uterque (each of two, both) in connection with a
12.
noun takes the same gender, number and case as the noun but
when
noun
uterque
is
connected with a pronoun,
stands in the genitive.
;
this pro-
In both cases the predicate
is
in the singular. Uterque dux
eorum clarus
clarus
fuit
fuit
trum (we both, you both).
Rem.
2.
of, to both
The
(both leaders
were renowned).
(both these were renowned).
Quorum
uterque (both of
plural of uterque is used
when
whom).
two parties are spoken
or at least, one of which, several belong, or
connection with nouns used only in the plural, as generals, of which there are several on both sides). Utrdque castra (both camps). hostes.
13.
liter, alter,
neuter are used
when
:
,,•
is
it
stands in
duces (the Utrique, Caesar et
when
the dis-
of several.
Uter fratrum ad te venit (which of the
'hoc dixit (which of you two)
operam dat
when utrique
the discourse is of
only tivo; quis, alius, nullus, on the contrary,
cpurse
Uterque
Uterque nostrum, ves-
;
alter (the
?
Duo sunt
other) miles est.
two brothers) ? fratres
:
JVeuter
Uter vestrum
alter (the
one)
litteris
nostrum (neither of
;
:
$
;
;
OF THE USE OP THE PRONOUNS.
94.]
When
US two). parative
which of
fortior est ?
The
14.
lated
a comparison occurs with
we sometimes
used where
is
the
two
249
uter^ alter, neuter,
the
com-
use the superlative, as: uter
is the bravest ?
phrases, alius aliud, alius aliter^
are trans-
etc.,
tke one this, the other that; the one in this iv ay, the
:
other in that. Alii aliud probant.
Rem.
The
3.
JUii allter vivuht.
indefinite pronouns,
one, they,
we are expressed
in
Latin a)
b) c)
By the third Pers. Plur. Act. as: dicunt, ferunt, tradunt By the third Pers. Sing. Pass., as narratur ; bene, vivttur By the personal Pass., as amor, one loves me, amaris, one :
loves
:
sapientes beati existimantur, we account the wise happy the first Pers. Plur. Act. (in this case the speaker must be in-
thee,
d)
By
e)
cluded under the one), as: viro sapienti libenter paremws By the second Pers. Sing. Act., particularly of the Subj., as dos (one may believe).
CXXVI. I.
Exercises/or translation.
Parents love their children.
a.
be agreeable to soul
is
us.
To
each of us the love of
The hand
the governor of us.
to-morrow, will betake
Few
wretched. less for
($ 94.)
Manlius punished (multare) the
The remembrance of you
bravery of his son with death.
cre-
:
is
will
always
inborn.
is
life
A
a part of us.
The
part of us,
ourselves into the country.
Pity thou me,
A
good king cares
of us have
fulfilled their duties.
himself than for the welfare of the
The wise man
citizens.
So long as Hannibal was (acies). After the general had
zealously corrects the faults inborn in him. in Italy,
nobody
resisted
him
in battle
fallen (perf ) in battle, the soldiers fled.
set out for (ut
Rome.
The Allobroges
with Svhj.) he would pity them.
that [ut with Subj.) Curius Catiline.
The Germans
My
friend
and
his son
Cicero had
might disclose
eflfected
(aperire) to
him
by Fulvia,
the plans of
occupied themselves (studere) with agriculture,
and the greatest part of their food with abl.) milk, cheese and flesh.
(victus, us) consisted
I
of [consistere have often reflected (cogitare)
with myself concerning the immortality of the soul (plur.). (cernere) faults (delictum) soul itself
moves
itself.
Our
ought to care (inservire,
but also for [that] of others.
others
in
soldiers
by the wisdom (consilium) of
We
have
entreated (orare) Umbrenus, that
more than
see
The
have conquered the enemies, not
their general, but
c.
We
in ourselves.
by
own bravery. own advantage,
their
dat) not only for our
250
OP THE USE OF THE PRONOUNS. Children love their parents.
b.
I.
out for the welfare
monians,
we
left
shall
Lysander, king of the Lacede-
Each of us
With
will always recollect thee
A
and
delight
thine.
I
part of us had remained at
The best part of us is home. Many of us have de-
The
general and his soldiers have
always preserve a recollection
immortal.
the duty of the king to look
It is
of his subjects.
behind (perf ) a great report of himself
pity thee.
94.
[^
served [well] of (de) our country.
of you.
Men
distinguished themselves in battle by bravery. their advantage.
use beasts for
[His] friends exhorted Darius, that [ut with Suhj.)
he should subject Greece
to
The king Eurystheus command-
himself
ed (imperare) Hercules, that (ut with Suhj.) he should bring (afFerre) to
him
arms of the queen of the Amazons.
the
(admittere) a viper (aspis, idis) to herself and
by
perf.)
its
and his daughter, were taken
ought to govern (imperare)
Many
ourselves.
are wise for themselves indeed, but not for others.
The companions of
himself (se ipsum).
own
Many
folly.
Each one is each his ovm. With II.
We
captives.
a.
evils
happen
who
The
(is)
does not restrain
Ulysses perished (perf) by
us by our
to
ourselves
Virtue itself protects itself
general cannot restrain (continere) [his] army,
their
killed (extinguere,
After the encounter at Issus, the mother of Da-
poison.
rius, his wife
Cleopatra admitted
was
own
fault (culpa).
the architect (faber) Of his fortune.
the greatest difficulty
(=
most
Assign to
difficulty)
does
each one judge correctly of himself Each one ought to protect his own. Precisely the best [man] undertakes most easily dangers and
Money has always been
labors for his country.
Every
despised by the very
was rated (perf) Demosthenes and Cicero were the most renowned orators of antiquity to which dost thou give the preeminence (palma) ? Virgil, Ovid and Horace were very distinguished poets of Rome which dost thou consider the best ? Each is a fault, both to believe each and [to believe] neither. I believe neither, neither thee nor thy brother. Both, Homer and Virgil, were distinguished poets; the one of them was a Greek and the other a Roman. Both, the Romans and the enemies, best [men].
fifth yeai', all Sicily
;
;
One
fought bravely.
himself with
this,
IL b. Each Each has (by
virtue deserves (deberi) esse) his
according to his
The veiy
best,
for imitation.
excels in this, another in that.
fear.
we
One
occupies
another with that.
way.
Each
is
its
particular (proprius) praise.
accustomed
to
measure dangers
Fortune will form each one by his character.
ought always to place before (proponere) others olive (olea) does not bear every year, but general-
The
OP THE NUMERALS.
95.]
$
two
ly every
Who
(alter) years.
of you has heai*d
the greatest orator of antiquity
is
renowned
generals, the one
of the Carthaginians
was
the general of the
men are the most modest. Both, men which dost thou consider the ;
Germans were very brave
Neither of us
all
[man] nor the
flatterer,
from
here
(=
ought
Who
?
Romans, the other
?
which considerest thou the bravest ?
;
from
free
is
news
The very most learnCaesar and Pompey were great gi-eatest ? Both the Romans and
which dost thou prefer
;
this
Scipio and Hannibal were very
?
ed
the
251
Neither, neither the
faults.
we
hence), another /rom
(=
there
wicked
Dangers threaten one
to praise.
This pleases
thence).
one, that another.
who act rightly from (prae) fear. when one departs (discedere) from right. One One has praised me. The earth is surlaughs. They praise me. rounded (circumfundi) by that sea which we (= one) call ocean. We prepare the mind for (ad) all. He who fears what one can avoid, III. a.
All
Justly one censures those
uncertain,
is
can in no manner
with a quiet mind.
live
we
Without virtue
pride and arrogance.
whom
sweeter, than to have [a friend] with as with himself? III. b.
They
It is
becoming,
to
In prosperity,
may
one
They
They
We
me.
will censure
run.
who pursued
How
short
the
whom
one
perversities
Hi^ and of man,
correctly) calls faults.
means oj living (victus) and care of the body, property.
The
philo-
(=
Honorable conduct
deride fools.
(=
(pravitas) of the soul, one properly
strength, not to
is
dare to speak
honorable) excites (movere) the approbation of those with lives.
us flee
What
do religiously what one does.
called those philosophers sophists,
sophy for gain or ostentation.
let
cannot be happy.
is
we
refer to health
longest
the
What one
life
has promised,
when one compares he must make good.
(subj.)
than by force.
becoming, not to censure that which one does not
It is
By
it
to eternity!
entreaties,
one often
effects (perficere)
more
understand (intelligere, Subj.). §
9o.
O/" the
Numerals.
Concerning mille and milia, see § 33. Rem. 4. 2. The distributives, which answer the question, hoio many each 1 or how many at a time ? are used when one 1.
wishes to express, that a number several objects, or a certain Pater
filiis
is
divided equally among'
number of
times.
senos libros dat (six books a piece,
each of his sous six books
;
hence,
if
i.
we suppose
e.
the father gives
three sons, the father
:
OF THE NUMERALS.
252
[$
Sex
divides eighteen books into three equal parts).
des
altae,
3.
95.
fossae, quinos pe-
ducebantur (each six feet deep).
Besides, the
distributives
used
are
for the
cardinal
numbers with nouns which have only the plural, as bina castra, tivo camps. For singulis ae, a, in this case, uni, ae, a is used, as una castra, one camp, iinae nuptiae, one tuedding, unae litterae, one letter, trina castra, three camps (but :
:
terna castra, three camps a-piece).
CXXVII L
A thousand
Exercises for translation.
have defended the
soldiers
3000 enemies which assaulted
it.
(§95.)
city
spiritedly against
Gaul which
(oninis)
All
is
em-
braced (continere) by the Pyrenees mountains, the Alps and the Se-
venns (mons Gehenna)
The
3,200,000 paces.
is
has pursued the enemy with 1000 soldiers.
As
at
so at Carthage two kings, were annually elected.
leader of our
army
Rome two consuls, The Roman legions
consisted (esse) at certain times of 5000 footmen and 300 horsemen.
The army of wrote a
the enemies
letter to
had pitched 2 camps, ours
each of his 4 sons.
already enfeebled powers of an
Veiy
army been
often
by a
3.
The
truce,
restored (reparare).
acres of land a-piece were divided (perf ) to the people.
gave to each child 1 apple, 6 pears, 7 plums, 8 cherries.
father
have the
Two
The mother The enemies
pitched (perf) 3 camps, each of which 3 trenches surrounded.
IL
The army of
the enemies consisted (esse) of 28,000 footmen
and 13,500 horsemen.
According
to (ex) the
there are 20,000,000 stadia
from the earth
stadia thence to the sun.
The
fended the
city against the
boy 2 apples, 3
pears, 4
opinion of Posidonius,
to the
moon
[andj 5,000,000
citizens with 1000 soldiers
enemy.
plums and 12
The mother gave cherries.
have de-
(perf) to each
Caesar divided (perf.)
among (dat.) the people, man for man, 10 bushels of grain and just so many pounds of oil and 300 sesterces (nummus). The enemies drew (perf) around the camp 3 trenches, 11 feet deep and 6 feet broad.
Two
walls surround the
The towers upon
city,
18 feet high and 8 feet broad.
were about 10 feet higher than the walls. In each camp of the enemies, there were 7000 footmen and 4000 horsemen. Cicero received (perf) in one day, 3 letters from (ex) the walls of Babylon,
each of three different places. (gen.) your school? about 30.
thumb
2.
A
father divided
How many The
scholars are in a class in
fingers of
(perf) equally
men
among
have 3
joints, tlie
(dat.) his
4 sons
^
4444
dollars,
how many
Yesterday
has 6 towers, each of which
city
is
268
Si vales, bene est
:
(perf.) ? 1111.
received (perf.) 2
I
and
time, at length (tandem) a letter came, (esse) of these 22 letters
253
dollars did each receive
brother has 3 writing-tablets.
The
SUPINE.
INFINITIVE.
96, 97.]
feet high.
this
whole
ego
;
My
letters.
After a long letter consisted
valeo.
96. Infinitive.
§
The Infinitive is used As subject, as dulce et decorum b) As object ; this is especially the :
a)
est
:
nifying to
pro patria mori;
case with verbs sig-
to be able, ought, should,
ivill)
as: volo (cupio,
studeo, possum, debeo) discere.
Rem.
1.
In animated description, the Latins often used the Infin.
Pres. for the finite verb (historical infinitive)^ as:
multum
ipse jpwgnore,
saepe hostemyenVe.
Rem.
2.
For the Ace. with the
see § 105.
Infin.,
§97. Supine. 1.
The Supine
in
um
stands with verbs of going, com-
ing, sending, calling, in order to express the
verbs. In
takes the
It
urbem migravi
same case
hahitatum.
as
its
hominum
Ingens
end of these
verb. multitudo in urbem
convenit ludos publicos spedatum. 2.
The Supine
a nearer
in
u stands
dignus, indignus, facilis, ful),
nefas est
To
with
dulcis,
difficilis ;
many
Fas
adjectives as
jucundus, molestus,
b) with fas est
est dictu.
(it is
law-
est.
Nefas
est didu.
Ddiber'-
est.
CXXVIII. I.
:
not lawful) and opus
(it is
Pira dulcia sunt gustatu. atu opus
a)
:
definition of them, as
Exercises far translation.
a cultivated and learned man, to think
fathers or
ancestors
some renown, seek
is
(^
96, 97.)
to live.
have distinguished (praestare)
to excel in the veiy
teaches to bear (ferre) labor.
They, whose themselves by
same kind of praise. Practice virtue nobody can be happy.
Without
The army hastens, in order to deliver the city from the siege. The Romans sent (perf.) ambassadors to Delphi, in order to consult the oracle. What is so pleasant (jucundus) to perceive and to hear, as a 22
:
GERUND.
254
adorned with wise thoughts and weighty
discourse
An
[^98.
unripe grape
The
to taste.
is bitter
(gravis)
words
?
easy to catch in disturb-
fish is
ed water. 11.
To
light
and
prefer
money lo friendship The soul cannot
than to correct [them].
we
A
ought to bear patiently.
(perf ) in [in with ace.) the
The
games. it is
to
comes
All that
by our
to pass
fault (culpa),
men assembled
order to see (spectare) the public
and easier
the plainer (dilucidus)
is,
The
understand (cognoscfire).
easier to see errors
It is
multitude of
great
city, in
shorter a narrative
Poets wish both to de-
base.
is
decay.
to profit.
orators pass over all
which
is
base to speak.
§ 1.
The gerund
scribendum
est, is
in the
98.
Gerund.
Nom.
translated
connection with
in
English
into
must or should do something translate
it
put in
is
by
into English
:
/,
should (write), 2oe must, should (write), 2. its
The
Obtemperandum
See
The remaining
Nom.
the
same
JVatare est utile
Gen. jVaiandi ara
Ace. of the gerund
The use
(swimming
of
Dat. JVatando
Ace. JVatare
disco
Inter
used only in
is useful).
sum peritus (1 am skilled homo aptus est (man is
homo
is
of the cases of the
as the use of the cases of substantives.
utilis est (the art
(I
§ 99. 1.
own judgment).
connection with a preposition. is
must,
cases of the gerund supply the cases
Still the
of the Infin.
gerund
it
Suo cuique judicio utendum
est virtutis praeceptis.
(each one must use his 3.
thou, he, she, etc.
of the gerund with an object in the
accusative, the gerundive is used.
est
to be (writ-
gerund, like the infinitive, takes the same case as
But instead
verb.
as
The person which the dative. Hence
ten) or: one must, one should (write).
we may
it is
:
est,
(is
in
is
useful).
JVatandi
swimming).
fitted for
swimming).
swimming) but ad natandum fitted for swimming, or: to swim).
learn to swim, or
aptus est
swimming
;
:
natandum [whWe swimming); ob natandum (on ac-
count of swimming). Abl. JVatando cori)oris vires exercentur (by swimming). (in
In natando
swimming), a natando (by swimming), ex natando, de
natando.
§
GERUNDIVE.
99.]
%55
Remark. The Gerund being of the nature of a noun, same manner as a noun.
is
governed
in its different cases in the
The gerund
4.
in the oblique cases also, like the Infin.,
same case as its verb. the Dat. and Ace. with an
takes the
rund in
See
the gerundive is used.
Ara pueros bene educandi
instead of the ge-
Still,
object in the accusative,
99. 1.
§
Pauci idoni sunt ad
difficilis est.
im-
cdiis
perandum.
CXXIX. Man
I.
Exercises for translation.
should always think that
short.
is
life
(^ 98.)
The laws of Lycur-
gus formed (erudire) the youth by labors, by hunting, running, hungering, thirsting, freezing, sweating.
of others,
Not
to (gen.) sinning (peccare).
A
should learn.
good scholar
is
One must
with arms.
Avoid thou
one ought not
misery
enticements
we
Who
Caesar and
to
During
contend (decertare)
Boys and youths should
not spare an enemy.
command.
all
for (dat.) the school, but for life
use exercise of body and mind. (idoneus) to
effort to relieve the
desirous of learning nmch.
(inter) the deliberation (consultare)
fit
The
very agreeable to good men.
is
has not learned to obey,
Pompey were
not
is
inclined (propen-
By nothing do men approach (accedere) By teaching we learn. known, that good men must contend with the
sus ad) to spare the enemies.
nearer to God, than by giving safety to men.
ing
is
It
II.
(=
asking) to
discoursed
body, but
We
sufficiently
Socrates was accustomed, by inquiry (percontari) and question-
bad.
elicit
the sentiments (opinio) of those with
One must come
(disserere).
much
(multo)
more
punity
is
One must
their country.
of using time wisely
speak.
Man
riding.
The
(inter)
is
born to
per/.)
Few men
act.
One must
From
The
All the
citi-
Learn,
O
boys, early the
are fitted [idoneus with dat) to
Persians were very skilful in (gen.) is
discovered
(=
delaying (cunctari) Fabius
uncovered) in
was
called the
abstain from ignoble pleasures.
§ 99. 1.
he the
understanding and the mind.
use the occasion.
!
to
with desire to fight for the safety of
character (mos, plur.)
playing freely.
delayer.
the
whom
merely
does not know, that the hope of im-
a very great enticement to (gen.) sin (peccare).
zens burned (exardescere,
art
to
Who
should forget injuries.
for aid, not
Gerundive,
When the gerund would take an object in the accusative^
::
256
:
GERUNDIVE.
[^
99.
commonly used instead of the gerund in the Gen. and Abl. and always instead of the gerund in the Nom., Dat. and Ace. The agent or doer^ as with the ge-
the gerundive is
rand, stands in the dative.
The change
2.
of the construction
of the gerund into
that of the gerundive takes place in the following
The noun standing
a)
manner
Ace. with the gerund,
in the
put in the same case in tvhich the gerund stands
The gerund
b)
But
c)
is
changed
is
;
into the gerundive.
the gerundive is put in the
same
case,
number and
gender as the noun. E.
g.
If in the phrase
:
a)
:
put the Ace. pueros in the
case of the gerund educandi, hence in the Gen.
orum)
b)
;
educandus, der,
would use the ge-
ars pueros educandi one
rundive instead of the gerund, he must
puerorum (ars puerhe must then change the gerund educandi into the gerundive a,
um ;
number and
c) finally,
must put
gerundive in the same gen-
case as puerorum, hence educandorum.
Nom. Nobis bene educandum ros,
this
:
must be changed
est pue-
into
Pueri nobis bene educandi sunt.
:
Ars dvitatem gubernandi est dif- Ars civitatis gubemandae ficillima for which commonficillima.
Gen.
est dif-
;
Asinus idoneus est oneraportan- Asinus idoneus gbX oneribus pordo, must be changed into tandis. Puer aptus est ad Htteras trac- Puer aptus est ad litteras tractandum,must be changed into tandas.
Dat. Ace.
:
Litteras tractando
.Mbl.
tur, for
ingenium acui-
which commonly
Idtteris tradandis
ingenium acui-
tur.
Remark. But
the gerund in the Gen., Dat. and Abl. is not changed Gerundive when the object in the Ace. is the neuter of an adjective or pronoun, as studium vera cognoscendi (not verorum cognoscendorum), cupidus sum hoc audiendi (not huju^ audiendi). into the
:
3.
The gerundive
take, to give, care,
stands also with verbs signifying to
attend
to,
give up, cause and the
like,
in
order to express an intention or end. Urbs a duce
dux vit
mihtibus diripienda data
militibus diripiendam dedit.
(caused to be led back).
est (for
plundering).
Urbem
Perfugam Fabricius reducendum cura-
$
GERUNDIVE.
99.]
CXXX. I.
When
Exercises for translation. (§99.)
much
wrath moves thee very
thy tongue very carefully. well and wisely,
very
is
267
The
Many
difficult.
wisdom
the
for preserving
rimum)
dat.) for
our health.
[his]
avail very much The Phenicians were
health.
No
possession
of the contempt of death
;
whole
life
in
abl.) all
Some
dren.
care
upon the proper
(=
to
much
to investigate truth,
eflfort
life
of the wise
man
[collocare in
good) bringing up of their chil-
(nonnulli) sports are not unprofitable for (dat.) sharpening
in delivering the soul
woman, the
domestic
(perf.)
To be drawn
Good parents bestow
The contempt of
(acuere) the wits (ingenium) of boys.
veiy
very
be esteemed
Socrates passed
The
with duty (contra officium).
consists in the exercise of virtue.
with
to
improving the morals of others.
(abduci) from active duties (res gerere) by the is inconsistent
is
(plu-
the second of the enduring of
the third of the relieving of sorrow.
;
is fitted
very useful
The soldiers tried (experiri) all [things] in order to The first book of Cicero's Tusculan Disputations
(ad) capture the city.
pain
is
Gymnastic exercises
of governing ships.
higher than virtue.
treats (est)
Water
bearing great loads.
for (ad) confirming the
skilful in the art
The camel
of living well and peacefully.
art
um, with
state
more desirous of increasvirtue. One must account
are
ing [their] riches than of exercising [their]
(aptus, a,
(maxime), thou must curb
of governhig (gubernare) a
art
from
fear.
death avails
Nature has given (tradere)
attending to (procurare) and managing (administrare) the
affairs (res).
Caesar gave up (concedere) the taken city
Good
the soldiers, for plundering (diripere).
to
parents take care (curare)
to instruct then' children well.
He
II.
(is) is to
(turpitudo).
The
be accounted (existimare) desire (cura) to preserve
in every living being.
temperance.
The
who
free,
itself, is
serves no vice
inborn by nature
we must preserve
In joking (jocari),
faculty of curbing the tongue
is
(adhibere)
very useful.
Many,
on account of a desire for fame, are desirous to carry on war. We should pronounce nobody happy before death. Virtue has the greatest power of freeing minds from the passions. Soldiers should know
how
(=
be acquainted with)
to
ble things have been created
Many
endure hunger and
by God
in
thirst.
Innumera-
order (dat.) to delight men.
How many things Thou must try all [things] to obtain the praise of the good. The winds are very useful dispersing the injurious dust. By the pursuit (tractare) of
plants are useful for (dat.) healing wounds.
are necessary for the preservation of in order for (ad)
literature,
we
life
!
should become (evadere) not merely more learned, but
22*
;
:
258
PARTICIPLE.
[^
The book of Plutarch concerning many useful precepts.
better also.
children (puer) contains
(persequi) of
Be
soul.
trare) of
all duties,
one must bestow an
which thou
art not competent
we
lection (eligere) of friends,
Conon caused
in
The
We
give the
:
In the se-
boys good books to read.
Roman
citizens in (abl.) the
100. Participle.
governs the same case as
epistolam scribens, hostibus parcerts, and like an
adjective, agrees in gender,
as
kill all
participle, like the Infin.,
verb, as
hast not grown).
one day.
§
1.
of the
management (adminis-
should bestow the greatest foresight.
Mithridates took means (curare) to
its
In the performance
(curare) the walls of Athens, destroyed by Lysander,
to be repaired (reficere).
whole of Asia
(=
up of
the bringing
effort (contentio)
unwilling to receive an office to the
lOa
number and
case with
its
noun,
puer laudatus^ puella laudata.
:
2.
a)
The participle is used as follows Wholly as an adjective^ as rosa :
blooming blooming) (the
rose).
Rosa
florens pulchra est
b) Instead of the relative toho^ lohich with the finite verb, as
:
(the rose is
est florens
cives acriter
cum
some form of
hostibus dimica-
bant urbem oppugnantibus (who were assaulting the city); c)
Instead of the conjunctions,
lohile, as,
after, lohen,
because, since, although with the finite verb, as
:
if,
cog-
haec nostra ut exigua et minima contemnimus (when we think upon heavenly things).
itantes coelestia,
Hostes,
amnem
transgressi, castra
muniverunt
(after
they had passed over the river). 3.
The
to express a be rendered by that, verb, or by in order to with the
Part. Fut. Act. is often
used in order
design or purpose, and in this case in order that with the finite
is to
Infin.
Ingens horainum multitudo in urbem convenit ludos publicos spedatura.
4.
There are two kinds of participial construction in
:
$
PARTICIPLE.
100.]
Latin
259
the one is called the conjunctive participial construe-
:
tion^ the
the difference between these
we
Since
other the ablative absolute.
generally
by a subordinate
translate the participle into English
clause,
two constructions may be
ex-
plained as follows
The
a)
conjunctive participial construction
has for
its
Sol oriens pellit noctem
tides
had been expelled from
Jlristldes, patria
rises, it (i. e.
the sun) chases
Lacedaemonem
his country,
he (Aristides)
fugit (as Arisfled to
The
Lace-
(after
the
obtained the victory, they (the enemy) returned to the
Caesar flight,
b)
pulsus,
Hostes, victoriam adepti, in castra se receperunt
camp).
put to
case with this subject or object.
(when the sun
the night).
enemy had
when
own, but
In this case, the participle agrees in
number and
away
demon).
its
subject either the subject or object of the
principal clause.
gender,
used,
is
the subordinate clause has no subject of
hostes fugatos persecutiis est, after the
enemy had been
Caesar pursued them (the enemy).
ablative absolute is used,
clause has
own
its
subject,
when
which
is
the subordinate
neither the subject
nor the object of the principal clause.
In
this
case
the subject of the subordinate clause stands in the ablative Sole oriente, artes
td pace,
and the
nox
fugit
participle is
(when the sun
added in the same
rises, the
efflorescunt (as soon as
peace
night is
flees).
case.
Recupera'
regained, the arts
flourish).
Rem. Very
both the conjunctive participle and the ablative by a substantive with or without a preposition, as : the rising of the sun dispels the night ; after obtaining the victory, the enemy returned to the camp ; with the setting of the sun night flees. Rem. 2. Substantives and adjectives also, are often used in the same way as participles, as bellum Gallicum, Caesare imperatore, gestum JVaturd duce, errare nullo pacto est (under the conduct of Caesar). Natus est Augustus, Cicerone potest (under the guidance of nature). et Antonio consulibus (in the consulship of Cicero and Anthony). absolute
often
may be
translated
:
CXXXI I.
a.
which
What is
is
Exercises for translation. ($100.)
so inhuman, as to convert (convertere) eloquence,
given by nature for the safety and preservation of men, to the
260
PARTICIPLE.
100.
[§
Change of country does not always change pitched a camp in a place which was surrounded by marshes (palus) and woods. When we wish to begin (exordior) a work, we must (gerundive) bestow a careful preparation. Tarquinius Superbus was deprived of [his] dominion, as he was besiegSince the Romans feared the snares of the Germans, they ing Ardea. After Dionysius the tyrant had been expellreturned over the Rhine. destruction of the good ?
The enemies
the morals.
ed from Syracuse, he instructed (docere) boys
we
at Corinth.
cannot, even
A
laugh
when we
sometimes breaks forth so
violently, that
desire, restrain (tenere)
Hephaestion, of all the friends of Alexan-
der,
was the most
When
ner with himself.
semble
[it].
dear, because
he had been brought up in
with ace.) one place.
at [in
like
man-
the storks wish to migrate (abire) they as-
In the third Punic war, Scipio
passed over to Africa in order to destroy Chathage. I.
What do
b.
which dwells
a
man ? Two
When
two bodies.
in
which are spent
eighty years,
activity (inertia), profit (juvare)
arms against
Alexander had possessed himself
Hipparchus, a son of Pisistratus,
of Egypt, he built Alexandria. in the battle
of Marathon (Marathonius, country.
his
Sulla
on war with the king Mithridates. themselves of the
city,
(exig^re) in (per) in-
friends are like one soul
was sent
to Asia, in order to carry
After the enemies had possessed
they plundered
By
it.
day (interdiu)
we do not
We
see the stars, because they are obscured by the light of the sun.
have confidence
mies dispersed selves, if
by
in upright
men, even
(dilabi, per/.)
we
fear death.
n.
a.
When we
arts,
of all
Since
When
fear.
We
God
guides
humanity
When
ceases to be man.
of Plato, he took his
is
if the fear
human
sion follow. to
piety
We hope,
happily (beate),
and
At the
Men have What solici-
of capital punishment were
affairs,
we
should be destitute the
man
Cato had read through (passive) the Phedo After the troops were
camp of
religion, disturbance
of
the enemies.
life
After
and a great confuXerxes was The wise man re-
instigation (by audor) of the magians,
have burned (inflamare) the temples of Greece.
mains rich even
live
extirpated from the soul,
general determined (perf) to attack the
away
ene-
Under the reign of Augustus, the Roman drawn together, the
life.
empire was rated (perf ).
taking
The
order to protect them-
cannot
while nature taught [them].
tude would torment the wicked, ?
they are not sworn.
strive against nature, the labor is vain.
invented innumerable
taken away
if
into the city, in
the walls (moenia).
(abl.)
fell
um), while he was bearing
a,
after the
that our army,
loss (amittere)
of
all
the goods of fortune.
which has distinguished
itself
under the con-
:
^
COORDINATE SENTENCES.
101.]
duct (regere) of a bad general, will acquire for
261
itself still (etiam) great-
er glory under the conduct of a good general.
IL
b.
When
pleasure (voluptas) reigns (dominari),
The wise man
are in a low condition. loss of all
scattered (discuti, per/.).
we
after the
After a knowledge (cognoscere) of the nature
are freed (levare) from
after the line-of-battle
great virtues
all
be unhappy,
After the rising of the sun, the mists were
his goods.
of all things,
will not
Caesar,
superstition.
(abl.)
of the enemies was broken through and scatter-
ed, led back his soldiers into the camp. The sedition of the soldiers, which had been quieted by the wisdom (consilium) of the general,
broke out again (recrudescere, per/.) in his absence.
sion of the kings, Junius Brutus consuls.
After the expul-
and Tarquinius Collatinus were made
Under the reign of Augustus, Christ was born
The Greeks took
reign of Tiberius, he died.
;
under the
possession of
Thermo-
Caesar, although he had conquered
pylae as the Persians approached.
The Greeks, under
(passive) the Gauls, did not dismiss the army.
the conduct of Cimon, fought against the Persians at Marathon.
Be-
cause the night came on (ingruere), Caesar led back his soldiers into the camp.
COMPOUND SENTENCES. §
1.
101. A.
Coordinate Sentences.
Coordinate sentences are those which have a
common
reference to each other, but otherwise are independent of
Demosthenes was a great was a great orator. 2. The relation of coordinate sentences each other, as
1)
orator, Cicero also
:
Copulative,
which
expressed
is
ac (never before a vowel or
h),
is :
by
a)
:
et,
atque,
que, and; b) by:
etiam, quoque, also; c) neque or nee (and not,
—
—as also; non modo (solum, tantum) — sed etiam, not only —as quum—tum, so {merely) — hut also; modo —modo, or nunc—nunc, or neque (nee) tum —tum, now —now, then—then; — neither—nor;
—
also not); d) et
et,
both
and, as loell
e)
ivell
f)
especially;
g)
h)
ne(\ViQ (nQc),
2) Adversative,
which
is
expressed by
:
sed, but, hut
;
;
262
;
SUBORDINATE SENTENCES. rather; autem,
102.
verum, hut; tamen, yet;
vero,
at,
[§
attamen, veruntamen, but yet 3)
Disjunctive^
which
sive 4)
—
sive,
aut
whether
Causal^ which
is
—
—
a) aut, vel, ve,
:
— —or;
aut, vel
vel,
nam and enim
expressed by:
is
either
—or
;
or, either
expressed by
which
5) Deductive^
expressed by
is
sive (seu), or ; b)
ergo, hence^ therefore
ideo,
;
on
(for)
igitur, itaque,
this account^
and
the like.
Rem.
^ue and
ve always stand attached to the word to which they pater matergwe, pater msXerve ; autem, vero, enim, quoque^ igitur do not stand at the beginning of the sentence, but after the first 1.
belong, as
:
word.
Rem.
—
used with the indicative, as sive id verum est, be true or false). Aut aut and vel vel differ from each other in this, that in aut aut the one clause really and nece55an7?/ excludes the other, so that one can be conceived of as holding good only when the idea of the other is excluded but in vel vel 2.
Sive
sive falsum
sive are
(whether
it
—
—
—
:
—
;
the exclusion
only allowable or optional.
is
§ 102. 1.
Subordinate sentences are those which complete or de-
fine other sentences 2.
B. Subordinate Sentences.
The
and hence are dependent.
sentence to which another belongs as a dependent
part, is called the principal sentence, the
or clause,
E.
g.
on the contrary,
in the
compound
is
sentence
and
the
first
"
:
the trees bloom," the last clause
principal sentence,
dependent sentences
called the sudordinate sentence.
when
the spring comes,
" the trees
:
when
"
bloom,"
is the
the spring comes,"
the subordinate sentence. 3.
Subordinate sentences are: a)
Substantive sentences,
i.
e.
such as are but the ex-
panded idea of some case of a 'substantive, joice, that thou art in health
(=1
as
:
I re-
rejoice at thy
health)
b) Adjective sentences,
panded idea of an
i.
e.
such as are but the ex-
adjective (or participle), as: the
;
$
;:
:
USE OP MODES IN SUBORDINATE SENTENCES.
103.]
rose, lohich blooms^ is beautiful
(= the
263
'
blooming'
rose)
Adverbial sentences^
c)
e.
i.
such as are only an expan-
sion of an adverb or an expression of the nature of an adverb^ as: after the enemij loas conquered,
(= after
our soldiers returned
the conquering'
of
the enemy).
§
Of the
103.
Modes
use of the
in Subordinate Sentences,
In the subordinate sentences which are introduced
1.
the indefinite relative pronouns
:
by
quisquis, quicunque, qualis-
cimque^ quotcunque, ubicunqite, quocuqnue, quotiescunque, utcunque, quotquot^
etc.
the indicative
is
used in Latin, while
we, in English, generally use the pronoun ivhoever,
with
etc.
the subjunctive. Sapiens, ubicunque
modo res sese
may
be).
2.
Quicquid
The use
more
est,
may be). Quoquo mea permanebo (however the thing non deseram (whatever it may be).
beatus est (wherever he
hahet, in sententia est,
ego
te
of the Subj. in subordinate sentences will be
fully explained in treating of particular subordinate
sentences.
For the present the following may
suffice
a) Ut, that, in order that, ne, in order that not, that not,
quin
(after the
phrases
:
it is
I do
not doubtful,
not doubt), that, always take the Subj. b) In questions depending
upon another sentence
direct questions) the. Subj. is
mihi, cur rideas cio,
(tell
me,
always used, as
why you
laugh).
ubi fueris (I do not know, where
:
(in-
die
Nes-
you have
been).
§
Succession of the Tenses in Subjunctive Subordinate
104.
Sentences.
The
following rules
may
be given
for the succession of
the tenses in subjunctive subordinate sentences a)
Upon a
principal tense:
Pres. Perfect-present
and
SUCCESSION OF THE TENSES.
264
[{
Fut., there follows again a principal Tense
:
104.
Pres. Perfect,
present and the Future Periphrastic Present, according as the discourse in the subordinate sentence
is
of a like timed,
completed ox future action;
Upon an
b)
historical tense: Imperf.
Plupf., there follows again
and
Plupf.
Perfect-historical
an historical tense
and Future Periphrastic
:
Imperf.
Imperf., according as the
discourse in the subordinate sentence
of a like timed,
is
completed or future action. Sdebam, quid
Sdo, quid agas. Sdo, quid egeris. Sdo, quid adurus sis. Cognovi (I have learned), quid agas. Cognovi, quid egeris. Cognovi, quid audurus Audiam, quid agas. Jludiam, quid egeris. Jludiam, quid adurus Opto, ut ad
me
rem tuam bene tuam bene
Sdebam, quid adurus esses. Cognovi (I learned), quid ageres. Cognovi, quid egisses.
Cognovi, quid adurus
sis.
esses.
Cognoveram, quid ageres. Cognoveram, quid egisses. CognQ^eram, quid adurus
sis,
venias.
Te
mihi succenseas.
ageres.
Sciebam, quid egisses.
Optabam, ut ad
me
Te
venires.
rogabam, ne mihi succenseres.
Non
esses.
rogo,
ne
dubito, quin
Non dubitavi (I have not doubted), quin rem Non dubiiabo, quin rem tuam bene gesturus sis.
geras.
geras.
dubitabam [dubitavi,! doubted, dubitaveram), quin rem tuam bene
Non
gereres (gessisses, gesturus Besses).
CXXXII.
Exercises for translation.
In whatever M^ay the thing has
I.
itself, it is
to desert (deserere) the post cornrnitted to thee.
ed [man] may
be,
we would l^d
aid to
him
!
103, lp|.)
{§
not permitted to thee
Whoever that wretchThe goods of the body
and of fortune, however great they may be, are uncertain and Wherever thou mayest be, thou shouldst live uprightly. Who powerful, that he can dispense with (carere) the aid of others.
frail. is
so
Telt me,
what thou doest now, did yesterday, and wilt do to-morrow. The had been, where he was, and where he
friend related to me, whjere he
would the
be.
Who
Romans?
against the
doubts, that Hannibal fought very bravely against
Nobody doubted,
Romans.
I
that Hannibal
fought very bravely
do not doubt, that our soldiers will bear off
the victory over the enemy.
Nobody doubted,
that
we
should bear off
the victory over the enemy. II.
Whatever the opinion of the philosophers may be concerning
:
§
ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.
105.]
266
the highest good, virtue has in itself sufficient protection for a peace-
Whatever we may
ful life.
do,
we should do
it
deliberately.
doubt, that you have benefited your country.
wisdom may
be, thou shouldst
still
However
always be modest.
I
do not
great thy
Whithersoever
thou mayest turn thy eyes, thou seest the traces of the divine wisdom.
What man
so wise, that he can never be deceived
is
that thou art
now
contented with thy
wast contented with thy whither thou art about country
[their]
may be
Tell
lot.
I
It is
in danger, the
I
?
do not doubt
did not doubt, that thou
me where
to [journey].
was not doubtful, that, when zens would fight bravely.
L
lot.
thou hast journied and
not doubtful, that, when (ubi)
citizens
will
fight
bravely.
country was in danger, the
[their]
It citi-
SUBSTANTIVE SENTENCES.
Preliminary Remark. In the English language, substantive sentences are introduced by the conjunctions: that, that not, in order that, in order that not. In Latin they are expressed by : a) the accusative with the Infin.
b) by substantive sentences with
;
ut, ne, quo,
quommus,
quiny
quod.
§
When
1.
105. A.
Accusative ivith
a sentence, as
:
rosa
floret, is
of the verbs mentioned below (No. (rosa) is
changed
When
2.),
rosam
the predicate
the object of
one
in Latin, the subject
into the Ace. (rosam)
into the Infin., as: video
blooms).
Infinitive.
and the
finite
verb
florere (I see, that the rose is
expressed by an adjective
or substantive with the verb sum^ fio^ etc. (§§ 84.), the adjective or substantive is also put in the Ace, as: aqua/rtg'^
aquam frigidam esse (I perceive, that the water Audimus, Cyrum regem Persarum fuisse (we Cyrus was king of the Persians). This construc-
est; sentio is
cold).
hear, that tion
is
Rem. with a 2.
called the Ace. with the Infinitive. 1.
In English, this construction
Jinite verb
The AcG, with a)
is
generally expressed by that
and a noun, adjective or participle
in the nominative.
used in the following cases After verbs of believing', thinking, feeling and perthe Infin. is
ceiving; of saying and relating;
23
;
.
ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.
266
105.
[^
b) After verbs of loilling, desiring', letting, bidding and forbidding-
c)
mala, ctfpio, stndeo
volo, nolo,
;
and patior ; jubeo and
veto
After the expressions
apparet,
stat,
(it
:
known), and
is
necessary),
licet,
justum
the like
est,
evident), con-
is
(it
opus
;
aequum
sino
;
est,
est,
mos
(it is
est,
and
the like. Sentlmus calere ignem^ nivem
Romam
Romulo
a
contMtam
non patitur nos luxuria Caesar
milites
esse albam, dulce
Folo
esse.
ex
Caesar
indulgere.
ponteni rescindere
te
Historia narrate
mtl.
iiinere
milites
mox
Romanos
Constat inter omnes,
vetuit.
Virtus
redire.
castra munire jussit.
fuisst fortissimos.
Rem.
2.
When
no agent
expressed after juhere, vetare, sinere and Pass, is used in Latin. Caesar castra Caesar pontem resdndi vetuit. Caesar urbem diripi pasis
pati in the Infin., the Infin.
mmiiri jussit. sus
est.
Rem.
3.
With
permitted)
licet (it is
there
commonly found
is
the
Dat. (of the person) with the Infin., instead of the Ace. with the Infin. as: quieto esse
Rem.
4.
tibi licet.
Oportet and necesse est are connected either with the Ace.
tvith the Infin.
or with the Subjunctive without
studeamm oportet. sapiens semper beatus
stvdere, or, virtuti
tum
esse,
'3.
or
:
The Nom. with
dicor,
Necesse sit
ut,
est
necesse
as
oportet nos virtuti
:
sapientem semper bea-
est.
the Infin. stands with the passives
trador, feror (they say that
credor, existimor (they believe that
or
I,
I),
/ am
videor
said) (it
;
:
putor,
seems
that
\),jubeor, vetor (they bid me, forbid me).
(Ego) bonus
esse dicor
(Tu) bonus
esse diceris
(they say, that I
am
good, or
:
am
I
(they say, that thou art good, or
said, etc.)
thou art
:
said, etc.)
Romulus fortissimus fuisse (JVos) boni esse
(Vos) boni
esse
dicitur (traditur, fertur)
putamur (they beUeve, that we are good),
putamini (credimini, existimamini, judicamini)
Romani fortissimi fuisse dicuntur (traduntur, putantur). Romulus ad deos transisse creditus est. (Ego) rem intelhgere videor (I seem to understand the seems that esse videtur.
I
understand).
(Tu)
(Ego)
(Vos)
laeti
laetus esse videbar, etc.
^
thing, or:
laetus esse videris.
(JVos) laeti esse videmur.
lUi laeti esse videntur.
.
it
Ilk laetus
esse videmini.
^
ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.
105.]
me
(Ego) jubeor scribere (they bid (they forbid thee to write).
commanded
Romans
facere jussi sunt (they
Exercises/or translation.
my body
that
Orpheus never
Some
destroyed Carthage.
(§
my
mortal, [but] that
is
Aristotle shows, that the poet
the
(Tii) vetaris scribere
pontem
the soldiers to build a bridge).
CXXXIII know
I
I.
write).
Milites
267
existed.
105.) is
It is
known,
Titus
was
God
governs the whole world
It
?
very bravely against the Romans.
wars
(bella Persica),
Who can
from (ex) the journey. is
known,
unwilling,
We
any one (quisquam) should go away from him sad.
that thou wilt soon return
that
philosophers believed, that
the world came into existence (nasci) by chance. that
immortal.
soul
hope,
deny, that
that Hannibal fought
History relates, that, in the Persian
innumerable troops of the Persians were routed
Darius promised, that he would give 1000 talents to
by the Greeks.
It is not permitted to many men, to be The Germans suffered no (non) wine to be imported (importare, Rem. 2.) to them. We should be willing (velle) to live with an
the murderer of Alexander. idle.
see
inferior (inferior), as
There
is
we wish
(superior) to live with us.
a superior
no one, who should not wish, that
his children
should be
Demosthenes did not permit, that the Athenians should make peace with Philip, king of Macedon. It is related (tradi) that Aristides, was the most just of all the Athenians. They relate that the Milesian
happy.
Thales
Who
first
(primus) predicted an
eclipse
of
ed.
We
may
fall to
our
lot.
A
good
to all his
soldiers to assault the city. saulted.
solis).
The
citizen should (oportet) prefer the digni-
own
advantages.
city to
be as-
general forbade his soldiers, to plunder the taken
general forbade, to plunder the taken
first
(prima) taught the use of grain to men.
grave of Cyrus to be opened. er than the earth.
It is said,
W^ho does not know,
nis) condition of life ?
known of all,
literature.
Caesar bade (perf.) his
Caesar caused (jubere) the
The
It is
sun (defectio
should (oportet) serve philosophy, in order that true freedom
ty of the state
II.
the
reigns well, must (necesse est) sometime (aliquando) have obey-
It is
that
It
that the
say, that
city.
Ceres
Alexander allowed the
war
is finished.
man
is
peaceful in every (om-
can deny, that he has ever done wrong ?
Athens was the inventress of most
better (satius)
that
we
we
benefit even the
arts
and
bad on ac-
be
wanting (deesse) to the good on
The wise man
frankly (ingenue) acknowledges,
count of the good, than that
account of the bad.
They
seems, as though the sun were small-
that the wise
Who
city.
UT NON.
UT, NE, UT NE,
he does not know much.
that
We
of all things.
know,
Thales
[§
water
said, that
that the course of life
is
is
106.
the beginning
short, [but] that [the
It is known, that the conspiracy of was detected by Cicero, Who does not know, that the health The laws do not permit, is strengthened by the exercise of the body ? I would rather, that the that an injury should bo done to the citizens.
course] of fame will be eternal.
Catiline
•enemies should hate me, than that
Euphrates (Euphrates,
I
Hadrian wished, that the
them.
might be the border of his kingdom.
is)
could not endure
Men
I
Alcibiades
hope, that by length of time, thy sorrow will be abated.
Athens should serve the Lacedemonians.
(pati), that
same [man] should be distinguished was not permitted to the Romans, to depart
are not willing, that the very
in very
many
things.
It
uninjured from the country of the enemy.
Romulus and Remus,
Faustulus, a royal shepherd.
war upon
the gods.
Phenicians.
God.
It is
It is
It is
related
(tradi), that
Rome, were brought Up by They relate (ferri), that the giants made
the founders of
believed, that letters
It is
were invented by the
necessary (necesse est), that the world be ruled by
needful (oportet), both that thou shouldst learn, and that
thou shouldst establish (confirmare) what thou hast learned by deed
Whom you
(agere, gerund).
you must
(oportet) at the
(second pers. subj.) would make learned,
same time make
(oportet), that virtue should despise
(=
posed
opposite) to
Marcellus
ii.
attentive.
first
us, to
obey (obtemperare) the passions.
three
camps It
to
be
fortified.
is
necessary
what
is
The
Reason forbids
general caused (jubere)
Caesar forbade the
soldiers, to desert the
appears, as if thou hast not understood the thing.
pears, that you have read this
book
op-
bade (perf ) the footmen,
then the horsemen to break forth against the enemies.
camp.
It
(aspernari) and hate
carefully.
It is said, that
the
It
ap-
enemy
have broken into our camp.
106. B.
§
lit
non with the Subjunctive.
Ut, that (ne, ul ne, that not,
1.
nor), in the {ut final), ing-
67, ne, ut ne^
;
first
place, is
and stands
used
neve (neu), and thai not, end or object
to express the
after expressions oi
making m\d
effect-
caring and striving; asking, demanding, exhorting,
persuading, advising, exciting, urging, commanding (impero),
ordering; of wishing, alloivivg or permitting (concedo,
permitto); finally, after every sentence, in order to express
an end or object
(ut
= in order
that,
ne
= in order that
not).
;
§
UT, NE,
106.]
Sol
effidt, ut
rem;
omn'm Jloreant.
UT NE,
Dux
dimicarent.
269
Oro
bene
curavi, ut
vive-
vt mihi succurras.
te,
Caesar milites hortatus
rogo, ne defatigere, neu diffidas.
ut vivamus
NON.
Ante senectutem
bene moriar.
in senectute, ut
TJT
Te
ut acritef
est,
imperavit, ut milites stationes suas servarent.
Edimus,
non vivimus, ut edamus.
;
Rem. The verbs tolo, nolo, mala, cupio are more frequently used with the Ace. with the Infin., than with ut and the Subj. Comp. §§ 105, Impero is used with the Ace. with the Infin. only when the 2. b}. Infin. is in the passive, as dux imperavit urbem difipi. Concerning jubeo and veto see § 105, 2. b.) and Rem. 2. :
:
In the second place, ut
2.
in order to express
pecially after: restat
and
acctdit, everiit, conting-it ;
reliquum
estj
in order to express a result {ut
that).
Persaepe
arum
not., is used and stands es-
after ita^ sic, adeo, tam, tantus, talis, etc.
;
any sentence,
finally, after
= so
est^fit.,
the like
non, that
(that), ut
result (ut consecutive)^
a,
evenit, ut utilitas
cum
Ita vivere
utilitate Zo9?
Restat, ut de litter-
honestate certet,
debemus, ut
m omni re recti conscien-
tiam servemus.
After expressions of fear and solicitude, ne
8.
translated
Omnes
by
and
that
and ne non by
C XXXIV.
Exercises for translation. all
[things]
commanded the pretors, that they should seize bridge. The laws of the Lacedemonians looked that the youth should be
formed by
we may please God and man. The
with uprightness.
It
desnes.
be
Ti?neo,
labors.
($
106.)
by the ambassadors, the Allobroges at the
(spectare) to this (id),
Virtue alone
eflfects,
that
often happens, that advantage contends
teacher exhorted the scholars, that they should
Reason demands,
not devote themselves to indolence. the
to
non perfidani, quod suscepi.
Vtreor, ne
Cicero, informed (edocere) of
restrain
is
that not.
cives metuebant, ne urbs ab hostibus expugnaretur.
ut hos labores sustineas.
I.
ut
The
citizens
of the
Caesar, that he would spare their children.
that
we
should
captured city entreated
Love
virtue, in
order that
Themistocles sought a narrow pass,
thou mayest
live
in order that
he might not be surrounded by the multitude of the ene-
mies.
happily (beate).
At Athens
he was banished to act rightly
it
was accustomed
by virtue
to
happen
to
the very best, that
The wise man is excited (movere) itself, not by advantage. The power of upright23*
(in exilium pelli).
270
QUO, QUOMINUS
^
ness
we
so great, that
is
have never seen, or
esteem
great poverty, that he scarcely
correctly,
and
thy pain by
my
one (quis) may think (sentire) which he thinks may not be expressed (eloqui)
A great
letter.
whom we
Aristides died in so
behind wherewith (qui) he might
left
I fear (vereor), that I
elegantly (polite).
(vel) in those
107.
possible, that
It is
[yet] that
whether
[^
even in an enemy.
(vel)
be buried (efFerre).
it,
AND QUIM.
may have renewed
(refrlcare)
Roman
(ingens) fear had seized the
would be chosen from the plebeians our measures had displeased you. The ene-
senate, that a tribune of the people
We
(plebs).
feared, that
mies apprehended, that their
could not bear the attack of the
allies
Romans.
we
IL Before old age,
we
that
admonish
should look out, that
we
live well, in
old age,
happen (fieri) by fate, nothing can we should be more cautious. Nature incites us, to
die well.
If
us, that
all
[things]
strive to obtain the agreeable, to flee the disagreeable.
The sun
and herbs bloom and reach maturity.
that all trees, plants
It
effects,
comes
pass by (abl.) nature, that children are loved by [their] parents.
to
Pa-
children are not surrounded by bad men.
rents look out, that [their]
Themistocles advised, that the Athenians should desert the walls and
The
defend themselves with ships.
zens should deliver up their arms.
may be
they
soldiers
Many
praised [in turn] by them.
Romans (abl. Caesar commanded
demanded,
that the citi-
praise others, in order that
The
Gauls, after they
had
received the gold of the
abs.), returned, in
besiege the capitol.
the soldiers, not to go out
from the camp.
He
(ass^qui) wisdom.
was so
happy (beatus), to whom it happens, to obtain The composing of the book concerning old age, is
delightful to Cicero, that
burdens (onus) of age.
forgotten.
So
great
it
took from (abstergere)
him
all
the
In a short time, the minds coalesced into
(abl.) so great friendship, that
was
order to
is
every distinction of rank (ordo et locus)
the multitude of stars, that they cannot be
It happened, that the very same night in which Alexander was born, the temple of the Ephesian Diana was burned (conflagrare). There was very great fear at Rome, that the Gauls would return the second time (iterum) to Rome. The Romans fear-
counted.
the great
ed, that the victory
would cost them much blood. AD the would not be of longer continuance.
citizens
ieared, that the peace
§
107. C. 1.
Quo
is
Quo, quo7nmus and quin with the Subjunctive.
used
for ut eo,
and indeed
:
a) in the
meaning,
in order that thereby ; b) in the meaning, that [in order that, so that) so
much
the,
when a
comparative follows.
:
§
QUO, QUOMINUS AND QUIN.
107.]
Haec
lex data est, quo malefici deterrerentur.
quo animo foriiore
tatiis est,
Quommus
2.
by
stands after expressions of hindering', pre-
and
is to
be translated into En-
that.
Aetas non impedit, quominus ohstare,
Caesar milites cohor-
essent.
venting', resisting, refusing-
glish
271,
quominus beatus
litteras
Non
sit ?
Quid
trademus.
sapienti potest
repugnabo, quominus hunc librura
legas.
Quin
3.
is
a) In
used
meaning
the
that not, instead of ut
non
after
a
negative principal clause. Facere non possum, quin quotidie ad te mittam litteras (I cannot for-
bear to write to you
daily).
caperetur.
quin sim miserrimus.
JVihil abest,
Homines
hostes vinccreniur.
non
Fieri
potuit, quin urbs
JVun mulium
ab hostibus abfuit,
quin
barbari sibi non iemperabant, quin in
Italiam contenderent.
b) In the
meaning
that, after non dubium non est
quis dnbitat? JVon dubito, quin verum tiae
Quis
dixeris.
Dubium non
shU positae ?
nemo
dubito,
dubitat,
dubitat, quin in virtute divi-
quin victoriam de hostibus reporta-
erat,
turi essemus.
Rem. Besides, quin is used after a principal negative clause instead of qui non, quae non, quod non, as nemo est, quin optet, ut liberi sui virtutem ament. :
CXXXV. I.
Good
Exercises for translation,
scholars bestow
all
better progress in literature.
ancestors, to
make
and
{k
institutions.
progress in literature.
troops.
it
was prevented,
not possible, that
who
is (subj.)
may
God ?
we it.
(esse).
It is
of nature
the swiftness
enemies should attack our soldiers.
should not consider (judicare) him foolish,
not master of himself
not violate
Homer, poets Hved ruled by
that the
faults
By
Caesar could not forbear, to reprove the seditious
It is
ness
may make the way to our
Indolence prevents, that
Not even
could deter Demosthenes from studying eloquence.
of our horsemen
107.)
they
care, that
Pride did not stand in the
imitate foreign
scholars should
toil
It
Nothing
is
so sacred, that rash-
cannot be doubted, that already before
Who
can doubt, that the whole world
not doubtful, that
all
which
is
considered
is
evil,
;
QUOD WITH
272 seems severer
who may found II.
(gravior, us)
THE INDICATIVE.
which
in nature,
Good
is
may
may grow
to
better
would stand
All the soldiers believed, that nothing
(= reaching) much true knowledge of things. No man from
is
exhort
[their]
daily (in dies). in the
way of
Superstition prevents attaining
(adipisci) the victory.
Alexander from penetrating (penetrare) a wise
nobody
Nothing
love virtue.
do not cease (intermittunt)
parents
is
108.
not very wisely constituted by God.
children to virtue, in order that they
their gaining
There
[when] unforeseen.
not wish, that his children
[$
to the
pursuing (studere) virtue.
hindrance deterred
Ocean.
Nothing keeps
Avarice prevents
men
from enjoying the good [things] which they possess. Who [ever] contemplates (fut.) the heavens, the earth and the order of the whole world, will not doubt, that there
The
souls are immortal.
off a victory over the enemies.
contented with their
lot
We
a God.
is
do not doubt, that our
soldiers did not doubt, that they should bear It
do not
is
live
not possible, that they
We
happy.
who
are
cannot forbear des-
who prefer money to virtue. Nothing was so sacred to who had captured the city, that they might not violate it. There was then no one in the city, who did not desire peace. There
pising those the enemies
is
almost nothing so
cannot do
§ 1.
difficult, that
Quod
108. D.
Quod
(that)
word
(that)
with the Indicative.
introduces a substantive sentence, which
gives the explanation or other
man, by the exertion of his powers,
it.
ground of the predicate
The
of the principal clause.
with quod^ only
when
timent of another.
the sentence
The
is
or
some
subjunctive stands
expressed as the sen-
cases in which quod
is
used are
the following: a)
After certain expressions, as
facio
;
:
bene^ male, prudenter
bene, male evenit, accidit
and the
like
;
b) In order to introduce the explanation of a substantive or c)
pronoun in the principal sentence of the mind, as J aegre gaudeo, doleo, indig-nor, fero, moleste
After verbs signifying laetor,
a7i affection
fero, queror, miror, glorior
;
also after verbs oi prais-
ing, censuring, accusing, thanking.
Bent feuds, quod
me
adjuvas.
Magnum
beneficium est naturae, quod
!
§
ADJECTIVE SENTENCES.
109.]
273
Gaudeo, quod vcdes. Laudo te, quod rem tuam bene Laudat Africanum Panaetius, quodfueiit abstinens.
necesse est mori. gessisti.
Remark.
Verbs signifying an affection of the mind are more
quently connected with an Ace. with the
CXXXVL I.
Thou
this book.
hast done
The
as:
Exercises for translation.
me
a
jrreat favor, that
te vcdere,
fre-
gaudeo,
108.)
(^
me
thou hast sent
{ad
me)
generals of the king of Persia sent ambassadors to
Athens, in order (sup.)
to
complain
(queri), that
on war against the king of Egypt. sadors to Athens,
Infin.,
who
Chabrias was carrying
The Lacedemonians
sent ambas-
should accuse Alcibiades, that he had
made
a
league with the king of the Persians, for subjecting (opprimere) Greece. I rejoice, that
We wonder, that
Greece,
in fame, glory, learning (doctrina), the greatest
number
thou and thy brother are well.
which excelled
of arts, in dominion and warlike
Europe.
re) so small a place in
(bellicus) praise (laus),
Nobody
occupied (tene-
will censure thee, that thou
hast aided thy friend.
n.
It is
very agreeable to me, that thou hast already returned from
(ex) the journey.
Thou
doest well, that thou wishest to live in the
country for the strengthening (gerundive) of thy health. that thou
and thy brother are returned
safe.
It is
boys, that they are instructed in literature in school.
much,
that
you are not able
to
come.
Unjustly
We
rejoice,
a great kindness to
We
grieve very
was Socrates accused
by the Athenians, that he corrupted (corrumpere) the youth.
Caesar
praised the soldiers, that they had fought so spiritedly against the enemies.
All citizens rejoiced, that the city
That Caesar was great
is
was
delivered from the siege.
by Brutus, we complain
killed
(=
censure).
How
the goodness of nature, that she produces so many, so various
and so agreeable
§
The
[things]
109.
II.
Adjective Sentences.
quod agrees in gender and numwhich it refers the case of the relative, on the contrary, depends upon the construction of the clause to which it belongs. 1.
relative qui, quae,
her with the
Beati sunt est,
qui
2.
ii
word
to
komines^
quorum
omnem hunc mundum
The person
;
vita virtutis praeceptis regitur.
Deus
regit.
of the verb in adjective sentences,
is deter-
;
!
:
274
ADJECTIVE SENTENCES.
mined by
[$
the person of the substantive or pronoun, to
109.
which
the relative refers. Ego, qui scribo vos, qui scribitis
tu,
;
qui scribis
pater, qui scribit
;
The subjunctive stands
3.
nos, qui scribimus
;
;
fratres, qui scribunt.
;
in adjective sentences in the
following cases
When
a)
and qui seems
result, is ;
the adjective sentence expresses an aim or to stand for
after is (such), talis, ejusmodi,
With
b)
nemo
qui ;
With
est,
nullus
est,
the expressions,
habeo, quod, there
est, sunt,
nemo
qui ; nihil
est,
When
est,
quod; non
is
;,
qui; re-
nullus
est,
quod quod:
est,
nihil
reason (no reason), I have
reason (no reason), that (with the (with the Infin.),
est,
quod; habeo, non habeo,
nihil est (quid est?),
d)
ut tu, ut
tantus;
tarn-,
the indefinite expressions:
periuntur, inveniuntur, qui;
c)
tit eg'O,
especially after dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus
finite verb) or to
etc.
the adjective sentence gives a reason,
qui can be translated by since
I,
where
since you, since
he,
Hostes ad Caesarem legates miserunt, qui pacem ab eo peterent (who
were
to ask).
Vir probus dignus
est, cui
fidem habeamus (deserves,
him our confidence). Sunt, qui censeant, una animum et corpus occidere. JYuUum est animal praeter hominem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam dei. Non is tram, qui ahorum miseriam ad me non
that
we
give
pertinere censerem.
praeconem
O
fortunate adolescens, ^mi tuae virtutis
CXXXVII. L Thou ice
Exercises for translation.
worthy (dignus
es)
should have confidence in
thee
art
{§ 109.)
on account of thy uprightness, that (= to whom). Who does not love
unworthy, that he should be loved by any one (ullus). has given us reason, in order that by it we may govern the ap-
his parents,
God
Homerum
inveneris
is
petites
(appetitus, us) of the soul.
avarice
is
not accustomed to
There are men, who think
There is no duty so sacred, that (comminuere) and violate it. There is that the soul is mortal.
infringe
(censere),
!
'
^
ADJECTIVE SENTENCES.
109.]
nothing so
difficult, that it
Who
ing (==seeking).
him
receive
Antiochus,
275
cannot be traced out (investigare) by search-
does not honor virtue,
not
is
The Romans
into our friendship.
we
that
fit,
should
sent ambassadors to
who might remind him of the Roman alliance. Many who were ready to devote (profundere) not only What is sweeter, than to have life even to their country.
have been found,
money
but
self?
There
edge
(notitia)
whom state
whom
with
[a friend]
no
is
There
of God.
is
of the soul, as injures nobody.
You
suavis).
life
(=
all)
as with thy-
man, which has any knowlno reason, that one should envy those, Innocence
the people (populus) call great and good.
you considered
O
thou canst share every thing
living being, except
You
is
such a
have always been such, that
without the pursuits of literature disagreeable
we
are worthy, that
should obey your will in
fortunate (fortunatus) youth, since
all
you are eminent among
(in-
things.
by so
all
many noble deeds II.
Who
obeys modestly, seems worthy sometime (aliquando) to
Every upright man
command.
is
undeserving (non dignus
the ungrateful citizens should deride him.
Fabricius
he could not be corrupted by the money of Pyrrhus.
men
cultivate the earth, in order that
horsemen,
who might
nature (idoneus), that
it
may
bear
it
mind of
the
the
that that
The husband-
fi-uit.
pursue the fleeing enemy.
by
est),
was such,
Caesar sent
History
boy may be
is
of thai
cultivated.
There are and have been philosophers, who think (censere), that God has no concern (procuratio) at all (omnino) about human affairs. Thou art worthy, that
There time.
is
we
should have
no grief of the
soul,
confidence
in
thee
in all things.
which may not be abated by length of
There were philosophers, who said, that property is the highNero was not worthy, to reign over the Romans. What
est good.
(quis) so great advantange
not a friend self?
who would
there in prosperity, it
There
rejoices at
I
my
reason, that
hadst
that
it
are not such
was not
(ii),
that
violated
we
by the
should obey
nothing by which a boy can please others more, than
is
by modesty.
You
when thou
in like manner (aeque) as (ac) thy-
There was nothing so sacred,
insolence of the enemy. you.
was
rejoice at
pronounce myself happy, that
I
have
[a friend],
prosperity even as (aeque atque) I myself.
we
should fear death.
There
who is
no
;
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES.
276
III.
.
llO.
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES.
110. a. Adverbial Sentences of Time,
§ 1
[$
Adverbial sentences of time are introduced by the con-
junctions
:
guum,postquam,ui,ubi, simulatque, ex quo (since),
priusquam and antequam^ dum, quoad^ donee. These conjunctions generally take the Indie, but sometimes the Subj. The temporal 1) Quum is used either of titne or cause. quum (when, while, as) is used with the indicative of all the with the subjunctive of the
tenses, yet almost invariably
imperfect
^n^ pluperfect^ when
The
pal clause.
causal
quwn
3.
perfect stands in the prin-
(since), is
always
cottflected
with the subjunctive. a)
Quum coelum contemplamur^ dei magwtudinem admiramur (ivhen). Ager, quum multos annos quievit, uberiores fructus efFerre solet {ivhen, after).
non b)
ejulabit,
qmim
doloribus
torquebitur
Sapiens (lohen).
Quum ad me litteras dederis, ad le proficiscar (ivhen), Quum milites de hostium adventu edocerentur, continuo summo pugnandi wcdorejlagraverunt (as). Alexander, vix a se
Quum
c)
tusque
quum interemisset Clitum, familiarem suum, manus abstinuit (as).
philosophia animis medeatur, totos nos peniei trad ere
ricula vererentur,
debemus (since). Quum milites penon audebant cum hostibus confli-
gere (since). 2) (as),
Postquam
that), ut
(after
(jusj
as
= as soon
as),
ubi
simulatque (simulac never before a vowel or A), as soon
as, are
connected with the indicative, and indeed, most
quently with the perfect which
we commonly
fre-
translate into
English by the Plupf. Postquam Caesar aciem volaverunt.
Ut dies
tes conspexerunt, fugerunt.
3)
inst/uxit,
illvxit,
omnes
profectus sum.
hostes in
con-
Simulatque aliquid audiero, ad te scribam.
Priusquam and anttquam (before
connected
unum locum
Hostes, ubi nostros equi-
that, ere, before), are
;
;
§
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES OP TIME.
110.]
With
a)
;
more
Subj. Pres.,
the
277
rarely with the
Indie.
Pres.
With With With
b) c)
d)
the Indicative Perfect the Indicative
Fut
the Subj. Imperf.
Perf.
and
Pluperf.
a)
Tempestas minatur, antequam
b)
Antequam bellum urbis nostrae opes absumpsit, potentissima
c)
Non
surgat.
d) Hostes propulvsati sunt, antequam
obrepsit hostibus, priusquam
Dum
4)
in the
and quoad
as,
ftiit.
dives eris, priusquam divitias contempseris.
aggerem
urbem obsidione
cingermf.
Dies
exstruxissent.
meaning ivhile, at the same time^ as long" meaning as long' as are connected with
in the
the indicative.
Dum gens
Lacedaemoniorum
haec geruntur, hostiurn copiae conveniunt.
fortis fuit,
dum Lycurgi
leges vigehant.
Cato, quoad
vixit, virtu-
tum laude crevit. Remark. Dum
in the meaning at the same t{m£ that is commonly used with the Indie. Pres., whatever tense stands in the principal sentence, as dum dux aciem instruit, hostis totam urbem cinxerat. :
Dum, quoad and donee
5)
and Fut.
dum dux dum dux se
se e castris contra hostes educat.
Mili-
Cicero
quiete abstinuit, donee Catilinae conjurationem detexisset.
Milites
restiterunt,
dum omnem rem
we
until, till
e castris contra hostes educeret.
tamdiu
I.
till,
Perf.
Milites exspectant, tes exspectabant,
omni
meaning
Imperf. and Pluperf., or with the indicative of the
Pres.,
Perf.
in the
connected with the subjunctive of the
that are generally
a.
are
quoad hostes fugam cupessiverunt.
Tamdiu manebo,
cognovero.
C XXXVIII. Exercises for translation. (HlO.) When we contemplate the lives of abandoned men (maleficus) deterred from vices. When a wise man is derided (fiit.) by
the foolish people, he will not be indignant
As Caesar entered
gredi) the captured city, the inhabitants extended [their]
hands
him, and intreated (orare) him, that he would spare them. are then at length (turn
when we have
demum) accustomed
years,
24
he was struck
Health
we
to estimate high (multum),
recovered from a severe sickness.
had reigned 32
(in-
to (ad)
As Tullus Hostilius by lightning. As
(icere, perf.)
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES OF TIME.
278
Caesar had ascertained
(ubi)
by
(perf.)
that
spies,
[HlO. the enemies ap-
As
proached, he led (perf.) forth his soldiers out of the camp.
(quum)
the
enemies could not rout the army of the Romans, they
As soon
camp.
betook (perf) themselves back to the
fortified
enemies were discovered
soldiers seized (capess6re, perf.)
their arms.
Why
(perf.), the
should vfe fear death, since our souls W\\\ not de-
cay at the same time w^ith our bodies
b.
After Caesar had seen (perf.)
conduct (transducere) his army over (ace.) the
perf.) to I.
?
of the enemies approached, he hastened (maturare,
troops
that the
as the
We shall
when we
be happy,
shall
river.
be free from passion
(plur.).
who does not prevent (defendere) injustice nor repel (propulsare) it when he can, acts (facere) unjustly. A virtuous man will be happy (beatus), even when he shall have lost all the gifts of fortune. Since the weather is clear, we will take a walk. As Caesar came out of the
He,
wood, he was surrounded (perf) by the enemies.
As Alexander had As
taken Thebes, he spared (perf) the family of the poet Pindar.
soon as Verres had reached (perf) the province, he gave (tradere) himself wholly (totus) to avarice.
As
soldiers fled (perf).
(ubi) the
After the general had fallen, the
Romans
heard, that the enemies
approached, they went (perf) spiritedly against them.
enemies did not cease (desistere) to flee, before they II. a. The came (perf) to the Rhine. When Epaminondas went to a [social] circle, in which a conversation was (subj.) held (habere) either concerning the state or concerning philosophy, he never went away from there before the conversation had been brought to an end.
must
reapest, thou
thou
(transfigere)
could come
(oportet)
sow.
Before
Mithridates thrust through
Datamas with a sword, and before any one (quisquam) his
to
aassistance (succurrere), killed
[him].
As long
as
(quoad) the city was guarded by the citizens, the enemies did not dare (perf) to assault
I shall
it.
held back the iron in
[his]
nuntiare, perf.)
the
that
Epaminondas was announced (re-
wait until thou returnest. body, until (quoad)
it
mained II.
they [it],
in the
camp,
b.
The storm
fall
(corruere).
thou shouldst
until the
day dawned
threatens before
In
make
The Romans The soldiers re-
Boeotians had conquered.
waited, until the enemies had approached the camp.
all
it
(illucescere).
arises
;
buildings creak before
business (plur.), before thou enterest
(adhibere) careful preparation.
upon
The Gauls
came into (transcendere) Italy 200 years before they took (imperf.) Rome. Ere Ariovistus had arranged the line of battle, Caesar atThe Romans pursued the enemies until tacked (perf.) the Germans. Wait thou, till I come. As long as it was evening (advesperascere).
;
;
^H 11,
ABVERBIAL SENTENCES.
112.]
Hannibal
he burned
lived,
(flagrare)
279
with anger against the Romans.
As long as (quoad) Epaminondas and Pelopidas presided (perf!) over the Thebans, their power increased (perf.) in a wonderful (unicus) manner. I remained at home yesterday, till my brother had returned. Until the citadel was suirandered {dedere per/.), slaughters took place {caedes At) every where (passim) through
(abl.)
the
whole
We
city.
offended
§
they are
anger burns out (defervesc6re).
at, till [their]
^
should (ge-
whom
rundive) remove (subtrahere) from the enraged, those
Causal Adverbial Sentences.
111. b.
Adverbial sentences expressing the cause ox ground.,
diXe
by the conjunctions quod., quia., quoniam. These conjunctions are properly used with the indicative the subjunctive is used with them, only when the cause is given as the sentiment or from the view of another. (Con-
introduced
:
cerning the causal
quum
see
§
Cicero pater patriae appellatus Catilinae conjuratio deteda
est.
110, 1). quod ejus consilio
et vigilantia
Quia natura mutari non
potest, idcirco
Quoniam jam nox
in vestra tec-
verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt.
est,
est,
ta discedite.
§
1.
Conditional Adverbial Sentences.
c.
Conditional adverbial sentences are introduced by
(if), nisi
2.
112.
and
The
si
non
(if
indicative is used in sentences of this kind,
the condition is expressed as real
the Indie, Si hoc 3.
is
si
and
certain.
when
In this case
generally used in the principal sentence also.
dicis, erras.
The
:
not, unless).
Si hoc dicebas, errabas.
subjunctive
is
used,
when
the condition
is
spoken
of as something barely imagined; and in the principal sentence, in this case, the subjunctive is
used
also.
and Perf. is used, when the condition is represented as a mere supposition b) The Subj. Imperf. and Pluperf., when the condition a)
The
is
Subj. Pres.
represented as a supposition the contrary of ivhat
actually
is
or
is not.
;
280
CONCESSIVE ADVERBIAL SENTENCES.
Si hoc
hoc
;
dicas, erres (if
diceres^ errares (if
didst not say
it
thou hadst said not said
it;
Remark.
;
thou shouldst say
thou saidst
this,
hence thou didst not
this,
JVisi
thou wouldst
this,
thou erredst
but
;
Si
err.)
know thou
I
Si hoc dixissts, errasses
err).
thou wouldst have erred
hence thou hast not
[Hl3.
but
;
know thou
I
(if
hast
erred).
makes a supposition
negatively but leaves the thing
supposed affirmative : " if it be not su])posed, that something is ;" but si non makes a supposition affirmatively while the thing supposed i^ negative : " if it be supposed, that something is nof." Non potes jucunde vivere, nisi cum virtute vivis. Homo beatus est, si cupidatibus non succumbit. 4.
only;
Dum, dummodo, modo in the meaning provided that, if dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne (provided that not, if
only not) always take the subjunctive. Multi omnia recta et honesta negllgunt, dummodo potentiam consequantur.
§113.
Concessive Adverbial Sentences.
d.
Concessive sentences are introduced by a) etsij tametsi
(even
commonly with b) etiamsi (even
if,
if,
although),
:
quamquam
(although),
the indicative
although),
more frequently with the
subjunctive than with the Indie. c)
quamvis (although, however), and
(although) are
licet
always connected with the subjunctive of one of the principal tenses. Viri boni recte agunt, etsi dent.
tute cares.
Sapiens dolorem patienter
CXXXIX. I.
nullum consecuturum emolumentum
Etiamsi secundissimis rebus vtdre, tamen beatus non
Exercises/or translation.
Themistocles
said, that
quamvis acerbus
(§§
sit.
111, 112, 113.)
he walked (ambulare) by night, because
he could not sleep (somnum capere).
way
tolerat,
vi-
eris, si vir-
If
we
shall
always follow the
of virtue, the entrance to heaven will sometime stand open to us.
If our friend had obeyed (obsequi) the prescriptions (praeceptum) of
the physician, he surely would not have died.
removed
Men
(resecare) the passions,
desirous of fame endure
what they wish
(subj.).
we
all
Although
shall
strive
If
we
hardships, if they (etsi)
shall not
have
in vain to be happy.
the place
may
was
only obtain unfavorable,
§
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES OF COMPARISON.
114.]
enemy.
nevertheless Caesar determined to attack the
281
However thou
mayest have suffered under misfortune (incommodum, shouldst not be offended at fortune.
no chains are placed (offendere)
by a
foul
The
lavt^s
we
n.
upon the
(injicere)
deed
Even
itself,
even
if it
Who is
soul.
we judge, that why he was almost
this is
ed,
always
most
have been
you hate those
silent (tacere).
If
If
we
have spoken
whom
not nourished.
may it
all
(omnis) foresight would be useless.
fate, all it is
If
We
If
tlie
victory.
may
wealthy he tivate
what
(adipisci)
virtue
be, can
it
we
we do
not follow
happened by
and burdens,
be without the aid of others.
(honestas), even if no advantage
inable (abominandus) saying
(=
It is
if
we
may
(etsi)
has ob-
it
Nobody, however
We should follow
good [man] does not avenge himself on his enemies, even obtained (nancisci) an opportunity.
love,
shall en-
Folly thinks (credere), that
(concupiscere).
desires
it
Fire becomes extinct, if
has never obtained (consequi) enough, although
tained
ask-
Because
you should
[things]
are ready to endure toils
oply obtain (adipisci)
:
but never to
discharge our office religiously,
live peacefully (beate).
?
follow them,
(dicere),
joy the good opinion (bona existimatio) of men.
we cannot
not offended
he answered
me
to
bound, yet
As Xenocrates was
salutary.
silent (silere),
has often (aliquando) repented
virtue,
we
thou
plur.)j
is
does not hurt him
obey, not from (propter) fear, but
because
you act wickedly.
body
if the
cul-
The
it.
if
he has
a terrible (dims) and
abom-
word): They
may
hate, if only they
fear.
114.
§ 1.
e.
Adverbial Sentences of Comparison.
The comparing
of the subject of the principal sen-
tence in respect to manner, or greatness
pressed a)
and degree
is
ex-
:
By
:
ut
(uti, sicut,
— — —quam, not ita
quemadmodum) with
even as—so; (quantopere, quantum), much—
(sic), as,
qua77i
tarn
so
the indicative
(tantopere, tantum)
so great
—
as
;
nan
tarn
as.
Rem.
1. In a barely iwic^'nari/ comparison, the subordinate sentence introduced by: quasi, tanquam and the like, with the subjunctive. The succession of the tenses in this case is according to the principles
is
already stated (^ 104.).
b)
By
Mdior
the comparative with
tuiiorque est certa pax,
24*
quam
quam
(than).
sperata victoria.
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES OP COMPARISON.
288:
[$
114.
Rem. 2. Instead of quam with the Nom. or Ace, the ablative without quam may be used with the comparative of the first member. See 101, 7. The Enghsh eren, still with tlie comparative, is expressed by etiam, as: etiam
major or major
etiam.
2. When two qualities or actions of one object are compared with each other, both adjectives or adverbs are put in
and the
the comparative
last is
connected to the other by
quam. minador quam pemidosior, cogitationes hominum a cer-
Pestilentia
taminibus publicis avertit (a more threatening than destructive pesti-
Belhim a civibus nostris fortius, quam fdicius gestum est (with more bravery than success). Rem. 3. The comparative is very often used without the second lence).
member of the comparison, and may then be translated by too, too much, very, somewhat with the positive, as senectus est loquacior (somewhat loquacious properly more loquacious i. e. more loquacious than is proper). Rem. 4. When the comparison is limited definitely to two objects, in Latin, the comparative and not the superlative is used, as : uter vestrum est major natu ? (which of you two is the older ?) :
:
;
Quo
3.
—
eo, or
quanto
—
tanto (the
—
so
much
the) in con-
nection with two comparatives, express a uniform proportion
between two
qualities or actions.
Quo plura habent homines,
When
4.
:
ut
quisque—
ita
the
more modest he
CXL. I.
Many men,
plain of their
been born
one
we commonly
ita
Exercises for translaZion.
as if
{h 114.)
had not been permitted
it
way of
could
Many men live, One should so think, as
virtue.
(perf.)
them
comto en-
as though they if
look into his inmost breast.
ening than destructive disease turned the minds of duties (munus,eris).
man
est modestissimus (the wiser a
is).
to pleasures.
(aliquis)
of expressions
forgetting (perf. part.) the precepts of virtue,
lot,
ter (ingredi) the
of an indefinite subject, instead
with two superlatives.
Ut quisque est sapientissimus is,
is
mode
of the last mentioned find
to ampliora expetere solent.
the discourse
had
(tanquam) some
A
more
men from
threat-
public
Alexander pursued the enemies more cautiously
(prudenter) than eagerly.
When
pleasure
is
too great and too long.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
ni5,] it
extinguishes
much
au* (aer) is so
The
eai-th (plur.).
are
better
the thicker, the nearer
any thing
is,
so
and the
better one
more prudent one
is, is,
so
the
much
the less
men
is
the rarer
(=
We
it is.
effort) after praise;
the more is he governed by fame. more cautious he is. The more one (ad) his
to
lo-
to the
it is
much
whatever (quaecunque) he does (agere) so
much
influenced (trahere) by the struggle
all
Old men are too
(oninis) the light of the soul.
all
The
quacious.
283
own
The refers
advantage,
he a good man.
and power, [and] negupon virtue, but upon richAlways act thus (sic), as though thou wast seen and heard by es. The words of the orator were more acute than true. It did others. not escape Hannibal (fallo, ptrf.), that the enemies would dispatch n. Most
strive eagerly to obtain riches
lect virtue, as if true prosperity rested not
(gerere) affairs, loith more spirit (ferociter) than deliberation (consulto).
The wise man book
abstains from too violent emotions of the soul.
somewhat
is
understand.
difficult to
vine the excellence in minds, so
much
The more eminent (==
digere).
condescending they should be
with so
is,
much
the
greater
This
and more
the greater care they
need
di-
(in-
men are, so much the more more humble. The better one is, descendants. The better one is, so
higher)
to the
so much the more he serves his much the more his mind strives to
one
The
rmre
obtain immortal fame.
The
better
he considers others
difficulty (difficile)
bad.
§ 1.
thou
Of
115.
Questions
Interrogative Sentences.
are either independent (direct), as
at school yesterday
?
or dependent
tence going before (indirect questions),
:
Wast
upon another senas: I do not know,
ivhether thou toast at school yesterday, 2.
In the direct question the indicative
asked positively, the subjunctive
when
In the indirect question the subjunctive
Quid 3.
a^is")
Both a.
Quid agamus
direct
By
and
?
(what can
we
is
is
used,
when
and
relative
is
always used.
do.?).
Die, quid agas.
indirect questions are introduced
interrogative
it
asked doubtingly.
it is
pronouns, as:
uter, qualis, quantus, ubi, unde, qux),
:
quis,
quando, quomo'
do, cur, etc.
Qwis hunc librum
legit ?
liter
vestrum major natu
est ?
Cur ad
;
284
:
;
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
me non
Die, quis
venisti ?
major natu b.
115.
Nescio, vier vestrum
Narra, cur ad
sit.
By
hunc librum legerit. me nou veneris.
[$
words ne, nonne, num, utrum. iVe, which is always attached to the accented word, leaves it undecided whether the interrogator expects an affirmative or negative answer b) Nonne (not ?) always implies that the interrogator expects an affirmative answer c) Num (is it possible that?) always implies that the interrogator expects a negative answer d) Utrum is used only in double questions. the interrogative
a)
;
;
Rem. 1. JVe and utrum, in direct questions, can be translated into English by no particular word. In indirect questions, ne^ vtrum, num, may be translated by whether, and nonnz by whether not. Fuistine
in schola?
lieri
J^um vitabeata posita 4.
heri in schola ?
Tiic, futrisne
JStonne sapi-
Quaeris ex me, nonne putem sapientem beatum esse?
ens beatus est?
in divitiis posita est
?
Duhito,
num
vita beata in divitiis
sit.
In disjunctive questions, in which one
cludes the other, the the enclitic we,
first
member
member
ex-
introduced by utrum or
is
and the second by an
(or),
both in direct and
indirect questions.
Utrum unus, an plures sunt mundi? Quaeritur, utrum unus, an Mortalisne, an immortalis est animus humanus ?
plures sint mundi.
Quaeritur, mortalisne, an immortalis
Rem.
2.
Or
sit
animus humanus.
Twt is expressed in Latin,
by annon
in dired,
by necne
in indirect questions.
5.
The answer a)
Yes
:
yes or no
by a
is
expressed
;
but with non placed before b)
Yes
:
by,
ita, ita
by, non, non rather, by,
word upon which the and no in the same way,
repetition of the
stress of the question lies
ita,
est,
it
sane, vero
immo with
the like
like
;
the addition of a
pressing the opposite of what question.
and
minime and the is
;
no
:
Yes (no)
word
ex-
implied in the
§
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
115.]
Fuistine heri in schola
domi
frater
cus tuus
JVon
?
Immo
?
est.
Fui.
?
domi
Fuistine heri
Venitne pater tuus?
285 Estne
Vero.
?
Minime.
Egebat ami-
locuples erat.
CXLI
Exercises far translation.
115.)
(§
What each night and each day may bring [with itself], is uncertain. On account of fear, I know not who I am. Who has said this ? I know not, who has said this. When (quum) we behold (cernere) the whole earth, we cannot doubt, that a governor presides over it. Is the I.
sun greater, or smaller, than the earth
?
Is
our souls decay after death
?
I doubt,
lievest, that
Ere thou beginnest a
is true.
it
possible that thou be-
whether the news
whether
thing, deliberate,
it
be good or
Has not God filled the earth with all good things ? Was the world made (efficere) by chance, or by a divine power ? Is thy brother at home ? Yes. Is it possible that the three-headed Cerberus in the lower regions frightens thee ? Wast thou yesterday at my house, or bad.
Tell me, whether thou hast been at
not.^
whether
not,
day, or not
my
can come to thee to-morrow.
I
house or not?
Wilt thou go
to
I
know
walk
to-
Tell me, whether thou wilt go to walk to-day, or not ?
?
Who
knows, whether fortune will always smile upon him. There were philosophers, who doubted, whether the world was made by chance, or by the divine reason. Hast thou read the book, which I No.
happy, or not.
Will thy father return to-morrow from (ex)
journey ? Yes.
Wast thou heavier est
at
What
II.
Is the
home
deeds
?
It is
man
wise
yesterday
?
alone to be accounted happy
no rather
will be to-morrow,
Did
?
men
a question, whether wisdom makes
lately sent thee ?
(perf.) Philip, or his
Is not virtue to
I
was
we know
far
not.
[his]
Yes.
?
from home.
Is
son accomplish
lead, or gold the
(efficere) the great-
be preferred to the greatest riches
Is it
?
possible that thou doubtest concerning the immortality of the soul ?
Who
wrote
(perf.) this letter ?
Tell me,
who wrote this letter. know where thou wast
possible that thou believest, that I do not
terday
?
We
would
providencQ of God
man
strife,
then,
;
Among
affairs.
see,
first
whether the world
whether he
[also]
should go against the enemies. ?
Yes.
It is
cares (consulere) for hu-
(abl.)
not know, whether
approve thy view or reject
my
view, or not ?
I
great
wisdom alone makes
Hast thou read
approve
was a
the walls, or
Hast thou read Cicero's book concern-
a question, whether
us happy (beatus), or not. I shall
yes-
governed by the
the generals of the Athenians there
whether they should defend themselves by
ing friendship
is
Is it
this
book, or not
do not know, whether
it
?
I
do
Dost thou
I shall
approve
;
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCOrRSE.
-886
thy view, or not.
It
was
earth
was round.
Wast thou
me, what the soul
tell
Of the Form
1.
con-
doubted, whether, the
Canst thou
Yes.
in school yesterday ?
Hast thou received joyful news con-
No.
is.''
many
Anciently
cerning the health of thy brother
§ 116.
Romans had
uncertain, whether the
quered, or been conquered.
116.
[^
?
No
rather, very sad [news].
of direct and Indirect Discourse.
Oratio recta {direct discoarse),
that kind of discourse,
is
which the words of a person are repeated precisely as they were pronounced by him, as The messenger announced peace is concluded.
in
:
:
2.
Oratio obliqua {indirect discourse),
course, in
that kind of dis-
is
which the words of a person are made dependent
upon some verb of perceiving' or communicating^ messenger announced that peace vms concluded.
as
The
:
:
Remark. Of the two verbs
inquam and aio, the first is used in and the second in indirect discourse. Inquam is never placed before the words quoted, but is introduced among them. :
direct
3.
Principal sentences in indirect discourse, are express-
ed:
By
a)
the Ace. with Infin.,
ple statement, as
:
when
compositam {direct discourse
By
b)
the subjunctive,
dux
or ivish, as:
they express a sim-
nuntius allatus
when
dixit,
:
pax
pacem
est,
est
they express a
omnia
esse
composita)
command
esse perdita; milites
suae saluti consulerent (direct discourse
:
omnia
sunt perdita; consulate, milites, vestrae saluti).
Subordinate sentences in indirect discourse are express-
4.
ed by the subjunctive. Caesar
dixit, se,
postquam hostes fusi
Apud Hypanim fluvium unum diem vivant.
CXLII.
We ceal
jusie).
Exercises for translation.
should be sufficiently convinced,
[it]
from God and men, I
still
muniturum esse. quasdam nasci, quae
essent, castra
Aristoteles ait bestiolas
that,
($
11 G.)
[even] if
we
could con-
nothing should be done unjustly
can never be persuaded, that the soul
(plur.),
while
(in-
it is
in
;
PROSODY.
§*117.]
287
the mortal body, lives, [but] when it has departed from it, dies. The Lacedemonians wrote to Pausanias, that, if he did not return home, they would condemn him to death. Tanaquil said. The king still lives let
one to
Romans be
the
quiet
Nobly Socrates
II.
and obey Servius TuHius.
said, that the
exerts himself [id agere) that
When
be considered.
renown (qualis)
when
is,
he wishes
(regnum).
were laying waste the country
;
it
unless
which he had taken, should return
The ambassadors announced
That the Aeduans had pitched
senate.
to
answered, that he would not give
deserting the fields
own kingdom
into his
way
ambassadors had come from king Mithrida-
tes requesting peace, Sulla (nisi) he, after
nearest
he may be such as
that
to the
their tent in their territory
and
Romans should come and
the
bring aid to them.
FIRST APPENDIX.
OF PROSODY. §
117.
Quantity of Syllables.
Preliminary Remark. The general rules of quantity have already been given ($ 3.) and should be reviewed before proceeding to the following special rules.
The
1.
derived
primitive^ as
Rem.
—
1.
:
word generally follows
the quantity of
its
amor, amabilis, amicus, amator, redamo.
In declension are excepted;
Idr,
par,
sal,
Gen.
laris,
paris,
a general principal, that, the forms of the different tenses, have the same quantity as the tense-forms from which salis
;
In the verb
it is
they are derived, i. e. either as the Pres. Perf Sup. or Infin. according as they are derived from the one or the other; e g. (divido), divldam (divisi), diviseram (divisum), divisurus (dividere), dividerem. Rem. 2. Concerning the quantity of the Perf and Slip, the following ;
;
;
should be observed: 1) All dissyllabic perfects
the stem, as
:
SMI according to
Ten
and supines lengthen the short
video, vidi visum §
;
moveo, movi m^tum,
of ^m,
syllable
etc. (but, Mi,
3, 3).
have the stem-syllable short: datum, statum, ratum, satum, itum, qultum, cituni, litum, situm, rutum, from do, sisto, dissyllabic supines
:
;
;
;
;
;
;; ;
;
;
;
;
PROSODY.
[$
::: ;
117.
The compounds of sto have two compounds of nosco, notum also
reor, sero, eo, queo, cieo, lino, sino, riio.
together with stdtum, sUtum also
cognosce and agnosco, have
;
supine
in the
2) Reduplicated perfects, besides the
:
cognitum, agnitum.
short syllable of reduplication,
cado, ceddi, disco, have also the stem-syllable following its short, as didici, etc. (but momordi, cuciirri from: mordeo, curro are long accord:
ing to
§ 3, 4).
To
reduplicated perfects belong also
bo
;
:
dedi, steti,
stlti
tuli is
;
con-
comes, apparently, from an obsolete stem fina\]y,fidi and sddi have rejected their syllable of reduplication.
tracted
from
bibi
tetiili;
Rem. 3. In derivation and composition also, there are some departures from the general rule (rule 1), as sopor and sopire, due (in dux ducis) and diico, reg (in rex, regis) and rego, etc. :
For the quantity of the penult we have the following (The quantity of the penult in declension alphabetical list. and conjugation is best learned from the paradigms). 2.
meracus, caducus, lactuca ; Exc. as -acus in Aegyptiacus, Corinthiacus and others of the kind^ Priamides, Atlantiades ; but Ides -ddes, and -Ides in Patronymics, as -dcus, -iicus, -uca,
:
:
:
Patronymics from primitives in eus and cles, as Pelides, Atrides, Heraclides, and in Belides, Lycurgides, Amphiarides, Coronides vorago, vertigo, lanugo (but the -ago, -ego, -igo, -ugo in nouns, as Greek harpdgo has a short) -dis, -eis, -Uis, -otis, -ois, -me, -one in Patronymics, as Ptolemais, Chryseis, Memphitis, Icariotis, Minois, Nerine, Acrisione Exc. Danais, Thebais, Phocais, Nereis -alis, -elis, -ela, -ulis, -ura, as canalis, conjugalis, fidelis, querela, eduin
:
:
:
:
;
:
lis,
pictura
-amen, as
examen, flamen
:
-dnv^, -ana, -enus, -ena, -inus, -Ina, -onus, -ona, -imus, -una, as
nus,
:
monta-
membrana, egenus, habena, peregrinus, caninus, Gabinus,
na, piscina
but inus
is
sagi-
(except pagina), patronus, annona, tribunus, lacuna short in adjectives which express time or material, as
cedrinus, elephantinus, except in matutinus, repentinus crastinus, diutinus,
-drus, -dris, -orus, -osus, as
;
:
vespertinus,
avarus, singularis, canorus, pilosus
;
Exc.
barbarus, opiparus, hilaris -dtim, -itim, -utim, as
a belongs
to the
:
privatim, viritim, tributim (in affatim, stdtim the
stem);
-dvus, -Ivus, -Iva, as
:
octavus, aestivus, saliva
-edo, -ido, -iido in substantives, as
-ego, see ago; -eis,
see ais see alis
-elis, -ela,
-emus, as
:
extremus
:
albedo, cupido, consuetude
;;;; ;
^
;;
;
;
; ;
;
;
;
:;
289
QUANTITY.
117.]
-e'm
;
and
-Ini in distributive adjectives, as
-enus, -entty see
anus
:
bini, viceni
;
-ero, -ICO {icor), -igOj -ino {inor, cinor), -ilo, -vlo [ulor\ -i/o,
verbal endings,
as: vitupero, claudico, rustieor, levigo, fulmino, destino, criminor,
but the i is long when gratiilor, ventito belongs to the stem and is long there, as cornicor (from comix^ lds\ festino, sagino, opinor, propino, inclino, from festinus, sagina, besides, i in the ending ito is long when the opinio, TTivco, nXtvco ; stem has an i immediately before it, as dormito (for dormi -ito) ; patrocinor, mutilo, pullulo,
;
it
:
:
—
:
-etuSy
as
fletus
:
;
-erusy as: inferi, posteri;
cerus
-etum, -eta, as -ICO,
but erus in: austerus, sincerus, severus, pro-
;
dumetum, moneta
:
see ero
modicus, famellcus, so also adverbs in icus, as : modicus ; Exc. : amicus, pudicus, apricus, anticus, posticus mendicus, umbilicus formica, lectica, lorica, urtica vesica ; -ides, see ades -ido, see edo; -idus, as cupidus -Igo, see ago
-icus, -lea, as
:
;
:
-igo, see ero; -His, -ilus (a, urn), -olus (a, lis, utilis,
sterilis
;
and
all in
His
um),
-vl\is (a,
um), as: humilis,
which come from
rutilus, filiolus, filiola, catulus, canicula,
derived from personal appellations have the rilis -ilo,
;
also, exilis, subtilis,
parilis, simi-
verhs, as: facllis,
i
baculum
long, as
:
;
fertilis,
adjectives
servilis,
and the names of the months, as
:
pue-
Aprilis
see ero
specimen, regimen
Exc. those derived from verbs of the lenimen, farcimen -imus in bimus, trimus, quadrimus, of two, three, four years, and in opimus, matrimus, patrimus, primus, imus (lowest) ; but -Imus in superlative-endings, as : probissimus, and in finitimus and intimus -ine, see ais -Ini, see eni; •^no [inor], see ero -Inus, ina, see anus -Uim, see atim ^is, see ais -ito, see ero -imen, as
:
fourth Conj. have Imen, as
:
;
:
:
;
;
-itor
and
(from
:
exiturn)
-itus, -iter,
adverbial endings, as
-Ivus, -iva, see -ois,
the quantity of the supine from which they are monitor (from monitum) auditor (from audUum), exTtua
itus retain
derived, as
:
divinitus, acriter
avus
see ais
-one, see ais;
-onus, -ona, see
anus
25
^
;;;;
;
;
;
:
290
;
;
;
PROSODY.
;
::
P
117.
-orus, -osus, see arus; -otisy
see ais;
-ucus,
see acus
-ilea,
-iigo,
edo see ago
-ulis,
see alls
-udo, see
-iUo {ulor\ see ero
-umen in tegumen
men
-iinus, -una, -lira,
For
we have u a
acumen, cacumen,
:
flu-
see anus
long:
;
the quantity of Jinal syllables ending in a vowel,
the following general rule
To
are long. is
but -umen in
see alis
-utim, see atim
3.
(for tegimen),
(contracted from^uvtmen);
are short;
i,
o,
following exceptions
Dec, as: mensa; 2) in the Voc. of Aenea (from Aeneas, ae), Palla (from the Voc. of those in es has partly a and partly a, as Abl. of the
1) the
Greek proper names Pallas, antis)
a, e, y,
:
this rule there are the
;
first
in as, as
:
Anchisa, Atrida 3) in the Imper. of the fii'st Conj., as ama, except pvid in the meaning namely, to wit 4) in adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions of two or more syllables, as circa, juxta, intra, infra, supra, antea, postea, praeterea, frustra ; Exc. ita, quia and the interjection eid ; 5) in the indeclinable numerals, as : triginta is long: 1) in the Abl. of the fifth Dec. as: re, specie, die (hence also, hodie, postridie, pridie, quare ; also fame) ^2) in all Greek words of the first Dec, as crambe, epitome, and those used in the plural only, as : Tempe, mele, cete ^) in the Imper. of the second Conj., as : doce but e is double-timed in : cave, habe, tace, mane, vale, jube, vide (hence virfesis for: vide, si vis) 4) in adverbs derived from adjectives of the second Dec, pulchre, longe, acerbe, valde (from vcdidus) ; so also : fere, ferme and the interjection ohe ; but is short in bene, male, temere, as well as in all adverbs derived from adjectives of the third Dec, as facile, impune ;
:
—
:
:
c
;
—
:
;
—
;
—
;
fc
:
:
and cut two syllables; but it is commonly one syllable and is long, so also its compounds cuidam, cuilibet 2) in the Voc. of Greek words, as Alexi, and in the Dat. of Greek imparisyllabic words, as Paridi (from Paris, idis);—3) in nisi and quasi (although si is long), sicubl, necubi but ubi and ibi are double-timed, in ubinam, ubivis,
t is
short: 1) in
when
mihi,
:
tibi, sibi (in
the arsis sometimes long),
it is
;
:
—
:
:
:
;
ubicunque
i is
generally short, while in
long, generally also in ibidem
;
—
4) in
:
:
ubique, ibique
it is
always
utique, utinam the i is short,
although they come from uti : 1) in the adverbs cito, immo, illico, cedo (give here, say), mods with its compounds, as : dummodo, postmodo, quomodo (but separated, quo modo) ; but commonly ambo ^2) in : ego, duo, octo 3) in verbal endings and in the Nom. and Vocative-endings of Latin words
is short
:
—
;
—
;
:
;
;
;
QUANTITY.
H17.]
;;
291
of the third Dec. the poets of the golden age generally made o long, amo, araavero, amato, scribo, scribito, scripsero origo, consuetude in Greek words o is always long, as echo, Argo ; u is always long and y always short according to the rule, except in the contracted Dat, as Coty for Cotyi. as
;
:
:
;
:
For
4.
more
the quantity of final syllables in
syllables
we
ending in a consonant^
words of two or
have the following
general rules I.
Exc. II.
makes
c final
the preceding
vowel
lo7ig^
as
:
alec, illuc
;
donee:
:
long ; w,
05, e^, OS are
al rule, there are the
us^
ys are short ; to this gener-
following exceptions
:
Nom. of Greek words of
the third Dec. lampas, adis, Pallas, adis ; so of Greek words of the third anas, atis ^2) in the Ace. Plur. Dec. as heroas, Arcadas from heros, Areas b) es is short : 1) in the Nom. and Voc. Sing, of imparisyllabic words of the third Dec. whose genitive has the penult short, as: miles, itis, seges, etis, praeses, idis, hebes, 6tis ; Exc. Ceres, abies, aries, paries and the compounds of pes, as : tripes, except
a) as is short
1) in the
:
which have adis
—
in the Gen., as
:
;
:
:
praepes, etis in
;
—
2) in the
Greek the termination
=
Voc. Sing, of Greek words in is fc,
—
C5,
where
as: Demosthenes (but Demosthe-
ijg) nes in the Nom. 3) in the Nom. and Voc. Plur. of Greek words, as Arcades, Troades but in Latin words, or such patres, matres as were naturalized in the language, es is long, as 4) in the compounds of es (thou art), as ades, abes, potes 5) in the preposition penes compos, impos (otis), exos (from os, ossis) c) OS is short: 1) in 2) in Greek words, when os corresponds to og in Greek, as Delos, ijgag, Minos chads, melds; Pallados, Gen. of Pallas (but: heros NixoxXswg Mlv(og, Nicocleos d) is is long: 1) in the Dat and Abl. Plur., as: mensis, pueris, nohence also, in the adverbs gratis, foris bis, vobis 2) in the Ace. of the third Dec. (for es), as omnis 3) in the Nom. Sing, of proper names of the third Dec. which have the penult of the Gen. long, as Samnis, itis, Salamis, inis, Simois, entis 4) in the second person Sing. Pres. of those verbs which have itis in the second person Plur., as audls, possis (as well as sis from mavis, quivis, quamvis, utervis, sum), velis, nolis, malis also in since vis (from volo) is long in the second person Sing, of the Fut. Perf is of itself is short, but by the necessity of the verse is ;
:
;
:
— —
:
—
:
:
=
=
=
;
:
;
—
—
;
:
:
;
—
:
:
:
;
;
often
made
ings imus, for the e) us is
long, as
itis
:
of the
same reason,
long: 1) in the
dixeris
Fut
,
so also
is
Perf. often
the
i
in the plural-end-
made long by
as: scripserimus, scripseritis ;
Nom.
Sing, of
the poets riii,-i
words of the aecwid Dec.
;
;
;
:
298
QUANTITY. which have u long palus,
utis,
udis,
— —
in
tellus,
:
118.
[§
the penult of the Gen., as: virtus, uris, (but: corpus, oris, vetus, eris,
Gen. Sing, and in the Nom. Ace. Voc. Phir. of Dec, as fructus (contracted from fruduis and frudues) 3) in Greek words, wlien us corresponds to ovg in Greek, as tripus, odis [rfjinovg), Panthus in the Gen. Sapphus from Sappho {2an(povg), C\ma from Celio. etc. but in: Oedipus,!, polypus, i, the Greek ovg becomes W5, in Latin f t/5 is long: 1) in words which have an associate form in yn, as: Phorcys and Phorcyn 2) when ys stands by contraction for yes and yas, as Erinnys. 2) in the
etc.);
the fourth
:
;
:
:
;
;
)
;
—
:
III.
w,
/,
w,
/*,
syllable short, as
Thetin, Pylon, Ilion,
To
vowel of the
the
(for videsne), nostin
illud, caput,
n:
Hebrew proper names
in
el,
as
is
chisen, Calliopen, epitomen
;
long
Daniel;
:
the Greek Ace. of words in as,
1) in
regit, audit.
following exceptions, in
which the vowel before these consonants b)
(for nostine),
amat, monet,
this general rule there are the
a) I: in
final
animal, tectum, circum-ago, carmen, car-
amor, apud, viden
eer,
make
final,
t
:
—
2) in the
An-
as: Aenean,
es, e,
Nom. of mascuhne and
feminine nouns which come from the Greek, as titan, hymen, Salamin, Pandion (except Lacedaemon and some others), and in the Latin lien; r: in the compounds of par, as: dispar, and in Greek impari:
c)
syllables in er, as
aer, aether, crater, Iber.
:
Monosyllabic words are long, as:
6.
sol,
sal,
mos, spes,
par, hoc, etc.
Exceptions
1)
:
the substantives
OS, oris, the face), cor (rarely cor); fo,
id
;
qu6t, tot
the adverbs
d6t, Stat, stet, ecttest)
—
s6d, sub,
5) lit,
it
:
^2)
mel, fel, 6s (ossis), a hone, (but the pronouns: quis, quid, quod;
hie, this, is generally,
;
bis,
:
—
tfir,
sat
—
4) the
;
and
hie, here,
verbal forms in
always long
t :
—
3)
fit, sit, scit, dat,
the imperatives Jer,Jac and es thou art (but es, thou : ab, ad, an, at, cis, et, in, nee, 6b, per, pol,
;
the particles v6l,
and the
suffixes (enclitics)
:
que, v€, ce, n6 (but
:
ne,
that not, in order tlmt not), tetute), pte (suopte).
§
1.
A verse
composed
Hexameter
Verse.
a series of poetic feet forming, in general,
is
a line of poetry. it is
118.
The
particular feet or
are called metres.
members of which
:
HEXAMETER VERSE.
H18.]
When
2.
the last foot of a verse is complete, the verse is
when
called acatalectic ; but
Every
3.
The
293
incomplete, catalectic.
foot or metre consists of
an
arsis is that part of the foot (in
and a
arsis
thesis.
hexameter verse, the
oh which the stress or elevation of The rest of the the voice is placed in pronouncing it. foot (whether one syllable or more) is called thesis, and is to first
syllable of the foot),
be pronounced in a
The
falling tone of voice.
stress of
and may be regarded as the poetic accent hence it is often marked as such by the sign (/). A succession of feet pronounced with due regard to arsis and thesis constitutes rhythm.
voice laid on the arsis
is
called the ictus (beat) ;
4.
Hence
it
will be
apparent, that a line of poetry, in a
given kind of measure, consists of a fixed number of feet
and a variable number of words, which, of course, must occasion a disagreement between the terminations of the Besides, as rhythm was the leading elefeet and words. ment in ancient poetry, it was not, except for a given purpose, attempted to produce a coincidence between the feet and words, that it might be apparent that the rhythm was independent of the words as such. This division of the feet by the terminations of the words is called caesura^ as :
Infandiim
jubes
regina
|
|
In feet of three syllables, as after the arsis (-
In the
first
case
|
"") or in
word with
--^
renovare ,
the
|
dolorem.
word may end
The
either
the middle of the thesis (-
called the masculine, in the
it is
feminine caesura.
:
|
*-
1
").
second the
coincidence of the termination of a
the termination of a foot is called diaeresis, as Perseqvkr
|
<^t
raris habitata, mapalia, tectis.
In certain kinds of verse, certain caesuras and diaereses are necessary, verse 5.
;
and
are to be especially observed in reading the
these are called principal caesuras
Hexameter verse
be either spondees or
is
measured by
and
diaereses,
six feet
which may which is
dactyles, except the last foot,
a dissyllabic catalectus (No. 25*
2).
A
spondee consists of
:
:
294
:
:
PROSODY.
[U19.
two long syllables, designated thus long and two short, designated thus
a dactyle of one
;
Hence we have
:
Sed
mtere
fugit
Rem. only
1.
when
riousness
The fifth
irrepa
a fugit
unt ocu
Adspici
lis
Supe
ri
mor
rabile
tempus.
talia
justis.
generally a dactyle, rarely a spondee, and
foot is
the poet wishes to give the line a character of slowness, se-
and solemnity
;
such a verse is called a spondaic verse, a dacspondee and the verse generally closes with
tyle usually precedes the
a word of three or four
syllables, as
magnum
Cara deum suboles,
Jovis
incre
|
Rem. 2. Dadyles often express a rapid and slow and heavy motion, as Quadrupedante putrem sonitu Illi
Rem.
3.
magna
inter sese
The
vi
quatit
j
mentum.
brisk, as spondees
ungulo
do a
campum
brachia tollunt.
Hexameter
principal caesura in
verse, generally oc-
curs after the arsis of the third foot and sometimes in the thesis of the same foot ; but occasionally also, after the arsis in the fourth foot, in which case another caesura generally precedes, after the arsis of the
second in the
Sometimes, also, several caesuras of this kind are found in which case the sense must determine which is
foot.
same verse
;
be observed as the principal one. Besides the principal caesura, there may be other subordinate caesuras, e. g. to
Sed
fugit irrepabile tempus. tolerate labores. annique sinunt, Oderunt peccare boni, virtutis amore. Nudus ara, sere nudus; hiems ignava colono. Infandum regina jubes renovare dolorem. fugit interea,
||
I
Dum
vires
|
||
|
||
|
|
|
Rem.
|
||
j
verse
|
||
|
|
I
|
j
The commonest and most graceful close of an hexameter made by a word of two or three syllables.
4.
is
§
Scansion bers of
is
which
119.
Scansion.
the division of a verse into the feet or it is
made
up.
In doing
this,
mem-
however, the
proper terminations of the words must not be wholly over-
by making a slight pause at each of the caesuras and a marked pause at the principal; caesura, as far as this can be done without obscuring
looked, but should be observed
the proper division
into
things are to be observed
feet.
In scanning, the following
:
:
:
HI 9.]
295
SCANSION.
A vowel at the end of a word before another vowel an h in the following word is absorbed (elision), as: or a)
Nulla n(e) hab^s
Rem.
imm(o)
viti(a)?
haiid fortasse minora.
ali(a),
Elision rarely takes place at the end of a line, as
1.
O'mnia M^rcurio
similis
vocemque colorem^we
membra decora juventae.
E't crin^s flavos et
In this case, the last syllable is to be joined to the first of the following line. Such a line is called versus hypermeter. Rem. 2. When elision is neglected in the beginning or middle of a verse, there arises what is called the hiatus (gaping, difficulty of pronunciation). This the poets endeavor if possible to avoid yet it is allowable before monosyllables, before one of the stronger punctuation marks, and in a long vowel followed by a short one ; also in the arsis, the hiatus occasions less difficulty of pronunciation, as ;
O'
O
de gente Sabina. subducitur agris. Posthabita coluisse Samo hie illius arma. Nubibus esse sol6t aut purpurea^ Aurorae. et
d6 Latia,
et
E't succus pecori
et lac
:
Rem.
Occasionally a long vowel in the
3.
thesis
before another vow-
el is shortj as
I'nsulac I'onio in
An m
magno.
end of a word with a vowel before it and before a vowel in the following word long by nature or position, is, together with the vowel before it, omitted in readb)
at the
ing (ecthlipsis), as:
Quod Rem.
latet,
ignot (um) ^st; ignoti nulla cupido.
In monosyllabic words which stand in the arsis, principally
4.
before a strong punctuation mark or in the caesura, the ectlilipsis sometimes omitted. Before a short syllable the ecthlipsis is difficult.
is
c) When the last syllable of a word ends with a consonant and the following word in the same line begins with a consonant, that final syllable is uniformly long; as:
Nemo d) is
The
adeo ferus
ictus
6st,
oden makes a
generally the case only
:
in a consonant, especially
follows
it
;
—
c)
ut nan mit^scere possit.
a) r, s
short syllable long;
when or t;
when upon a vowel
—
b)
when
innia vincit .
Amor,
canit agricola, |
this
the caesura
in the close of
a word follows beginning with two consonants;
O T
still
the short syllable ends
et nos redamus Amori. magna quum v^nerii lirbe.
Nil opus 6st mort^ pro m6, sed amore fid^que.
a word,
e. g.
:
ABBREVIATIONS.
Two
e)
one (Synaeresis or
Thesei, deerunt, ii,
iidem;
proinde, prout
with more
120.
vowels in two successive syllables are often con-
tracted into
cui,
[§
;
vehemens (two
Si/nizesis),
as: Phaethon,
syllables), particularly, huic,
deinceps, deinde,
dehinc,
so also, dein,
so also those vowels which are pronounced
one sound, as
difficulty in
quoad, postea, alveo
:
pueri. f
)
A short u
or
often rejected before
i is
/
and m, as pe:
riclum for periculum, teg-men for tegimen*ox tegumen. g)
The
letters i
and
sonants and vowels, are followed
and
genva),
h)
From
having been originally both conthey follow another consonant
by a vowel, make
long by position^ as
(=
u^
when
fluvjorum)
;
vowel genwa
etc.
the necessity of the verse, a long syllable is
sometimes used as short
on the contrary, a very comPerf. Act., and in alte^ the diastole is used es-
(Systole), and,
The
short syllable as long (Diastole).
mon
the preceding
(=
fluviorum
:
in the third person Plur. Indie.
—
systole is
Aeneades and Fut. Perf. Act, (audivertlis), also in names, in which three short syllables follow one another, of which the first is then made long by the
rius
and
in names, as
;
:
pecially in the Subj. Perf. Act.
ictus, as
O'bstupui, stderunti\\JiQ comae, vox faiicibua haesit.
SECOND APPENDIX. §
1)
Personal
120.
G. Cains or Gains. Decimus. K. Kaeso.
N. Namerius.
Abbreviations,
L. Lucius.
Q. Quintus.
Sp. Spurius.
Appellatives: P. Pater.
App. Appius. C. or Cnaens (G'tiaeus). D. M. Marcus. M'. Manius.
Aulus.
Cn. or Gn.
P. Publius.
Sex. or S. Sextus. 2)
Of
Names: A.
T. Titus.
F. Filius.
Ser.
Servius,
Ti. Tiberius,
Fr. Prater, etc.
Cos. 3) Designations of honor and office Aed. Aedilis. CJos, Coss. Consules, Cos. d. Consul designatus. D. :
:
^
Praef.
P. C.
Romanus. Pr. Praetor. P. S. PlehisP. M. Pontifex Maximus. Praefectus. S. P. Q. R. Senatas populusque Romanus. S. C.
Patres conscripti.
citum.
29f
O. M. Oplimus maximus.
Imp. Imperator.
Divus.
P. R. Populiis
Tr. PI. Tribunus plebis.
Senatus consultum.
money and weight
4) Designations of
L. Libra.
Sestertius (Sestertium).
5) Designations of time
Ab
ROMAN CALENDAR.
ABBREVIATIONS.
12 1.]
L.
1j.
HS.
:
A. D. Ante diem.
:
A. U. C.
C. or K. Calendae (Kalendae).
urbe condita.
H-S.
or
Dupondius. Id. Idus.
Non. Nonae. 6)
Abbreviations in S. P. D.
dicit.
letters
:
S. Salutem.
Salutem pluriinam.
Si vales, bene est
;
S.
dicit.
S. D. Salutem V. B. E. E. V.
ego valeo.
THIRD APPENDIX. §
Of
121.
the
Roman
Calendar.
means thej^r^^ day of each day of March, May, July and fifth of the remaining eight months; Idus of the four months named above, and the 1 Kalendae
the seventh
month;
Nonae
October, but the
was
the fifteenth
thirteenth of the
other eight. 2.
Since the names of the months are properly adjectives,
they generally agree with gender,
number and
case,
Kalendae, Nonae and Idus in
and
are rarely governed
by them
in the Gen. as: Calendis Juniis, on the first day of June;
Nonis Octobribus, on the seventh of October ; Idibus Septembribus, on the thirteenth of September, 3. The days lying between the three fixed days just men-
were reckoned backwards from each of these fixed 1st, 2d, 8d etc., day before the Kalends, Nones, or Ides as the case might be, and dies and ante w^ere generally omitted. The day from which one began to reckon was always included in the number mentioned, as
tioned,
days, as, the
Claudius excessit
III.
Idus Octobres,
i.
Idus Octobres, onthe thirteenth of October. to get the
true
day before one of the
subtract one from the
e. tertio
divisions,
number mentioned.
die ante
Hence, in order
we must
ROMAN CALENDAR.
S96 4. In
P
121.
determining what day of the previous month any
day before
the Calends of a given
month
is,
we must know
how many
days the month has (see table) and reckon back from the Calends of the month mentioned (i. e. the month tertio Calendas Apriles, on the SOth of Calendas Maias, on the 29th of April; tertio Calendas Martias, on the 21th (2Sth) of February ; since March has 31, April 30 and February 28 (in leap year 29)
following),
March;
as
:
tertio
days. The days of our months. 1
March, May, January, August, April, June, Sep- February (has 28, and December tember,andNovem- and in Leap Years and October (have also 31 days.) ber (have 30 days). (have 31 days). 29 days).
July,
Kalendis.
2
vn
3 4
IV
5 6
V
ante )>Nonas. lllj Pridie Nonas.
7 8 9 10
VI
ante
11
V
*Idus.
12 13
IV
14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Kalendis.
Kalendis.
IV
)ante III 5 Nonas. Pridie Nonas.
viin
VI
VII
V
III J Pridie Idus. Idibus. Vi 1 §
XV
P
X
-
IX
X
VIII VII
VI
XIX
XVIII
1
of the
fol.
month.
XVII
XVI
S-
XV ^ P,
XIV
13
1
XIV
t m
XII
XI
>
X
3 tj"
VIII
VII
p-
3
X g
V
?*
IV
""
III Prid.
Kalendas
of the
fol.
month.
XVI XIV
p 3
?
XIII XII
^
B Cl
XI
g
X
XI
IX
X
<-*)
IX VIII Vll
V
>
VIII VII
1 S
S p
^ VI g V
III Prid. Kal endas of the fol.
month.
P^ P^
rb
3 § B
IV
1
XV
fS"
cT
XIII XII
VI 3 o B
p s
J
Pridie Idus. Idibus.
Idibiis.
XVII
g
endas.
Prid ie Idus.
XVI
IX
J
Ka
'Idus.
III
XVllI
ante
V IV
VI
III Prid.
VII VI
ante 'Idus
V III
n
i »
IV
viin
VII
B-
VI
V
J^onis.
viin «
XIII 09
Pridie Nonas.
IV
W XV
XI
Nonas
III Pridie Idus. Idibus.
XV XIII XII
Nonas.
IV
fT
fa
5
Pridie
IV >ante III 5 Nonas
JVonis.
ante ^Idus
XVI XIV
III
J^onis.
viin VII
J^onis.
Kalendis.
IV )ante
S"
.*
IV 111 Prid.
J
Kalendas
Martias.
COLLECTION OF LATIN READING LESSONS.
FABLES.
I
Lupus
1.
et capra.
Lupus, capram conspicatus, quae in rupe pascebatur,
quum ad
earn
accedere non posset, earn, ut de rupe descenderet, hortabatur, apud se mollia prata ac varias herbas esse praedicans. dit:
Mi
amice, non
me
Ei vero capra respon-
ad pascua vocas, sed ipse cibi indiges!
Lupus
2.
et opUiones.
Quod
Opilionea aliquot, caesa atque assata ove, convivium agebant.
quum
lupus, qui praedandi caussa forte stabula circumibat, videret,
opiliones conversus
contra iis
:
me
Hoc
:
Quos
excitaretis, si
interest,
inquit
ego facerem, quod vos :
ad
clamores, inquit, et quantos tumultus voa facitis ?
nos, quae nostra sunt,
Tum
comedimus
unus ex ;
tu vero
aliena furaris. '
"3;
Vulpes
Vulpes, extrema fame coacta,
et uva.
uvam appetebat ex
alta vite
dependen-
Quam quum, summis viribus saliens, attingere non posset, tandem discedens Nondum matura est, inquit nolo acerbam sumere.
tem.
:
;
Sic saepe homines, quae facere non possunt, verbis elevant.
2.
Opilio, onis, m.^/tepAcrrf.
agere, to have a feast,
z.%9ol. to roast,
stabulum,
i,
n. stable,
convivium, i, n./easf; conv. tumultus, us, m. ado.
furor
1. steal. 8.
up ;
Vitis, is,/, vine,
2) to disparage.
dependeo,
di, 2. to
hang down from,
elevo
1. to
raise
300
FABLES.
Rusttcm
4.
et canisjlddis.
Rusiicus in agros exiit ad opus suum.
custodiendum cani
bat, reliquit
immanis, qui
eum
et,
;
cruentumque canis rictum,
dem
filioli
restituit,
anguem occisum
supra
Sera turn poenitentia
temere
Leo, asinus
5,
Qui quum
illam partiri jubet.
aequales, leo
igitur custo-
Sed ubi cunas
tenebat.
et
incolumem.
patrati.
et vulpes.
Ampla praeda
Vulpes, asinus et leo venatum iverant.
num
corripit
ut videt cunas ever-
puerum vivum
reperit
fuit facinoris
fidelis
simul evertit super
Temere
ira accenditur.
quem manibus
interficit ligone,
Arrepsit anguis
Sed custos
exstincturus erat.
dum necare studet, cunas anguem. Mox ex arvo rediit agricola
dentibus acutis,
exstinctum sas
puemlum
Filiolum, qui in cunis jace-
atque valido.
fideli
facta, leo asi-
singulis singulas partes poneret
eum correptum dilaniavit et vulpi negotium partiendi trimaximam partem apposuit, sibi vix minimam
Ilia astutior leoni
buit.
Turn leo subridens ejus prudentiam laudare, et, coepit. Et vulpes: Hujus me, inquit,
reservans particulam.
unde hoc
didicerit, interrogare
calamitas docuit, quid minores potentioribus debeant.
Asinus pelle leonlna indutus.
6.
Asinus fugitivus reperit tus territare coepit rat,
eumque
modum
rugire coepit, ut ilium
sis auriculis,
non
falles.
quae exstabant
7.
Inter
filios rustici
Tandem
4.
Arrepo,
cruentus,
a,
quum
quoque
qui asinum perdide-
is,
herura vidisset, horrendum in
At herus, comprehenme tamen
falleret.
Etiamsi
alios, inquit, fallas,
domumque
abigit.
Rustlcus etfdii.
cujusdam grave dissidium ortum
operam impenderat rent
:
probe verberat
Ita
Venit
et bestias.
Asinus,
quaerit.
pellem leoninam, eaque indu-
forte in silva
homines
filiis
pater, hortans, ut
erat.
Diu frustra
pacem atque concordiam
cole-
Virgulas, inquit, mihi afferte quinquaginta et con-
:
psi,
ptum
um,
bloody,
3.
to
creep up.
rictus, us,
corrTpio, ripui,
m. mouth,
reptum
3.
to seize.
poenitentia, ae,/. repen-
tance. 6. Pellis, is,/, sicin; p.
territo 1. to frighten,
leonlna, lion's skin,
auricula, ae,/. ear-lap.
fugitivus, a,
rugio
4. to
um, run-away.
roar,
exsto,
stiti
i. project. 7.
Dissidium,
bundle.
coUigo
i,
n.
disagreement,
1. to collect,
virgula, ae, /, stick,
concors, rdis, uniled.
fasciciilus,
i,
»n.
FABLES.
Turn omnes
sidite.
301
unum
virguias in
fasciGiilum colligavit,
eumque
autem quanquam vim omnem adhibebant, frustra laborarunt, nee quicquam Turn pater nodum discldit singulasque illis virguiasprofecerunt. constrictum singulis
obtulit,
filiis
hortans, ut frangerent.
Quo
quas sine ullo labore confregerunt.
dedit,
facto, rusticus filios ita
Haec res vobis exemplo sit. Tuti quamdiu vos amabitis et Concordes eritis;
allocutus est injuriis,
Illi
:
eritis at,
ab inimicorum
sitnulac facta erit
dissensio atque discordia, inimici securi in vos irrumpent.
Luscinia
8.
quodam
Luscinia verno
baud procul aberant
die dulcissime canere coepit.
Hi quum
in valle ludentes.
lusciniae cantu nihil movebantur.
Non
Continuo pueri, lusu neglecto,
culare.
isti
plausu excipiant
cinia,
quae noUet
suani
vocem
gradu
praeteriit
cum
miraretur.
et
eo
Pueri aliquot
lusui essent intenti,
multo post cuculus coepit cuei
acclamabant vocemque cu-
Audisne, luscinia, inquit cuculus, quanta
culi identidem imitabantur.
me
et cuculus,
quantopere cantu altercari, nihil
meo
delectentur
Lus-
?
impediebat, quominus
Interea pastor fistula canens
cum
ille
puella lento
At puella pastorem allocuta: Male sit, inquit, huic cuculo, qui cantui tuo odiusam vocem intermiscet. Quo audito, quum cuculus in pudorem conjectus conticuisset, luscinia tam suaviter canere coepit, ut se ipsam superare Cuculus iterum vociferatur, novas laudes captans.
velle videretur.
Considamus hie, inquit, sub Turn pastor et puella cantum lusciniae
Pastor, fistula deposita
arbore et lusciniam audiamus.
certatim laudare coeperunt, et diu
postremum adeo capta erumperent.
Tum
taciti
:
intentis auribus sedent.
Ad
sonorum dulcedine, ut etiam laerimae ad cuculum conversa: Videsne, inquit,
est puella
luscinia
quantum ab imperitorum opinionibus prudentiorum judicia distent? Una sane ex istis lacrimis, quamvis muta sit, locupletior tamen est artis meae testis, quam inconditus iste puerorum clamor, quem tantopere jaetabas. Monet fabula, magnorum artiflcum opera non vulgi opinione, sed prudentium existimatione esse censenda.
8. 1. to sloio.
Cuculus, cry out
to,
i,
m. cuckoo,
gradus, us, m. step,
mixtum
or
vallis, is, /. valley,
altercor 1. to quarrel,
mistum
2.
without Perf. and Sup.
vociferor
to intermingle, to differ.
26
fistula, 1.
cuculo
1. to coo.
ae, /. pipe,
to screech,
acclamo
lentus, a, urn,
intermisceo, miscui
certatim, adv. emulously.
disto
I
;
3^
FABLES.
Auceps
9.
Auceps
ibat
venatum
et
mox
et vipera.
in altissima arbore
vidit
eundum premit
approperat
eum
viperam
herba latentem, quae ilium mordet.
dum
in
capturus, sed inter
forte
Me
palumbem pedQ
mlserum,
altero inquit,
alteri instdior, ipse dispereo.
10.
Puer lium
Mendax.
in prato oves pascebat atque per
jocum
clamitabat, ut sibi auxi-
lupus gregem esset adortus.
ferretur, quasi
succurrebant, neque
lupum
inveniebant.
Agricolae undlque
quaterque se elusos
Ita ter
a puero viderunt. Deinde, quum ipse lupus aggrederetur, et puer revera imploraret auxilium nemo gregi subvenit, et oves lupi praeda ;
Mendaci homini non credimus, etiam vera quum
sunt facta.
Formica
11.
et coluniba.
Formica sitiens descenderat ad fontem nee multum ab^rat, quin misera periret. ejus videret, misericordia tacta
secuta tor,
arcu instructus,
Periculum
illuc venit,
atque venatoris talum recte misit, et
neficium
momordit.
Dolore impeditus
quum
Vulpes et
beretur,
quum
O
corve, inquit,
9.
10.
telum non ;
raro be-
quam
eumque callidis verbis quam speciosa Te
pulchra es avis,
Sane omnes aves
!
regiis virtutibus antece-
vocem haberes. His corvus laudibus inflatus, ne mutus haclamorem edidit, sed simul, aperto rostro, carnem amisit;
vulpes statim rapuit, atque irridens
deest praeter
Auceps,
dispereo,
ille
juvabere
frustum carnis rapuisset, in arbore quadam consedit.
decuit esse avium regem. deres, si
et
fuit.
ferret, accurrit
corvits.
conspecto, vulpes, carnem cupiens, accurrit
adoritur.
suo transfixurus
columbae opem Juva
as-
Paullo post vena-
perit.
Corvus,
tibi
telo
Hunc
injecit.
mortem.
avolavit.
abripuerunt,
vero columba sortem
aquam
in
columbamque
columba incolumis
12.
Quo
Quum
eflfugit
sentit formica, et, ut piae
eam
sed undae
;
ramulum
formica in eoque natans
(Bst
dicit.
ii,
dixit'.
Heus, corve
!
tipis,
m. fowler.
vip§ra, ae,/. viper,
appropgro
1. to
approach.
4. to perish.
Clamito
Nihil
mentem.
1. to
cry out often,
11. Formica, ae,/. ant.
revera, adv. in earnest.
ramtilus,
i,
m. branch,
talus,
i,
m. ankle^
DIALOGUES.
303
DIALOGUES.
II.
Excitsatio.
1.
Quid caussae est, quod tani diu nos noii iiiviseris? Quid imfuit, quominus jam diu feceris nobis tui videndi copiam ? Syrus. Volui quidem saepe te convenire, sed non licuit mihi per mea negotia; non licuit per valetudinem laboravi enim aliquamdiu febri; non licuit denique per tempestatem, quae saepe fuit pluviosa. G. Equidem accipio tuam excusationem, sed hac lege, ne saepius utare. Geta.
pedimento
;
Excusatio tua justior
Ha|c
sa.
visendo compenses.
bus alenda. curis,
talem
quam
(S.
Tu
vellem, siquidemvaletudo fuit in caus-
eris, si,
nihil
Amicitia nostra firmior
vulgaria.
tis
est,
lege mihi purgatus
quod cessatum
moraris est,
quam
ut
est,
amicum
te
nimium vulgari-
Quid imprecer
nobis adimunt.
nobis invident ?
gravi desiderio torsit
tui.
2.
Pessime
Male pereat
sit
saepe in-
sit officiis istis
modi
Satis crebro invisit, qui constanter amat.
quae
me
officia
istius
isti
G.
Male
sit is-
istis negotiis,
quae
quae nos
tarn
febri,
ista febris, le
quidem incolumi.
Colloquium jocosum.
Salve, mi Mauriti. Mauritius. Gratias ago, mi Andrea. Andreas. Quid affers ? A. Me ipsum. M. Sic rem baud magni pretii hue altulisti. A. At magno constiti patri meo. M. Credo pluris, quam quisquam te aestimet. A. Sed Rudolphus estne domi ? M. Nescio. Pulsa fores ejus et videbis. A. Heus, Rudolphe domine es ? jR. Non sum. A. Non ego audio te loquentem ? R. Immo tu es impudens. Impudens Nuper ancillae vestrae credidi, te non esse domi, quum tamen esses, et tu non credis mihi ipsi? A. Aequum dicis; par pari retulisti. R. Equidem ut non omnibus dormio, ita non omnibus sum domi. Nunc vero adsum. A. Sed tu mihi videris cochleae vitam agere. R. Quid A. Quia perpetuo domi latitas, nee unquam prorepis. R. Foris niita ? A. At serenum coelum nunc invitat ad deambulandum. hil est negotii. !
!
R.
Ita est.
Si igitur deambulare
libet, te
comitabor
;
nam
per totum
hunc mensem pedem porta non extuli. Vocabo Mauritium, nobiscum eat. A. Placet. Sic enim jucundior erit ambulatio.
1.
Cesso
2.
Aestimo
cealed.
1. to omit, 1. to
compenso
estimate.
1. to
make
p\i\so I. to beat.
up.
impr^cor
la.iiio I. to
1. to
ut
una
imprecate.
keep one's self con-
304
DIALOGUES. Colloquium ejusdem generis.
3.
Syrus.
Opto
Quid
?
ile tibi
optas
mihi.
confabularis solus
videndum
cum lepidissimo ^Sl Tu perpetuo Verum
S.
multani felicitatem.
tibi
opto, quicquid
est,
ut
S.
agis
G. Ut vides.
?
litteris
Non
G.
studes.
;
Et ego
confabulere.
fallit
G.
G.
studiorum
ulla
est
Non
modus quidam.
Immo
satietas.
omittenda quidem Nihil suave,
commendat rarior usus. Tu Age, tuo more facis. Rides me,
tuus jocus.
S,
Proin-
lego enim librum joci plenum.
Voluptates
noctes ac dies.
me
duplicatum
Fortasse tecum.
aS.
sunt studia, sed tamen intermittenda nonnunquam.
perpetuum.
tibi
G. Confabulor.
rei ?
cum homine probo
congerrone confabulor
sed est tamen
;
Geta.
Quid
litteris
quod
studes
ut soles.
Non
Ipsi codices pulvere sitnque obducti loquuntur,
quam sim immodicus
in studio.
Emoriar, ni loquor ex animo.
jS.
4. Ladies.
Cardlus. Veni,
mi Ludovice!
Ludovlcus.
Quo tandem?
C. In hor-
Ego pensum meum ante absolvam. C. Nondum absolvisti? L. Nondum omnia. Tune jam omnia didicisti et scripsisti, quae praeceptor nos discere et scribere jussit? C. Non omnia. L. Ergo nondum licet lu-
tum
;
satis
jam legimus et scripsimus
;
ludamus quoque.
L.
C. Cur non liceat ? Reliqua discam et scribam post ludum. L. Sed praestat, primum discere, deinde ludere. C. Quam morosum sodalem habeo L. Non sum morosus, sed facere volo, quae jussa sunt. Deinde, quum C. Ergo una ediscamus. Ego tibi recitabo, tu mihi. omnia didicerimus, statim ad ludum properabimus. L. Placet; nam
dere.
!
peracti labores jucundi sunt.
5. Frider'icus.
Audisne? F.
Hoc
Heus, heus, Carole
Non
C.
F.
!
expergiscere
Quota
F.
Jam
F.
lam pridem.
est hora ?
adhuc in
facis
Quum
igitur
C.
est
F. Septima.
ante duas boras.
Sed
!
Tempus
F. Ubi ergo babes aures?
Nunc autem non
C.
3.
surgendo.
F. Dormis? et loqueris tamen
dormire.
Mox
audio.
Sed quid
video.
Dormio.
Erras.
De
C.
fi-ater
lecto ?
mecum?
C
est surgere.
C. In lecto.
Quid faciam ?
C. Saltem volo
tempus dormiendi, sed surgendi. C.
Quando tu surrexisti e lecto ? meae jam surrexerunt.?
Num
sorores
mens
certe
expergefacerem eum, statim
adhuc jacet reliquit
in lecto.
F.
nidum suum.
C
surgam.
Uuplico
1. to
rade^ play-fellow,
double,
confabulor
1.
satietas, atis,/. satiety,
to chat,
conge rro, onis, m. com-
intermitto 3. to intermit.
DIALOGUES.
Amhulatio.
6.
Age, mi
Fridericus.
gustus. Placet
;
frater,
305
ambulemus
sed ubi ambulabimus
AuMinime
tempestas serena
;
Num
?
est.
F.
in pratis ?
;
enim pluvia inundavit, et viae lutulentae sunt. Placetne adscendere in montem, quern e fenestra prospicimus ? A. Placet jam pridem enim in monte non fuimus. F. Hiems nos prohibuit; hieme enim mons glacie et nive tectus erat. Quid stas autem ? A. Duae viae ducunt ad montem altera recta, altera flexuosa. Utram eligemus ? F. Flexuosam censeo est enim umbrosior, et sol fervet. Descendentes altera ibimus et ambulationem variabimus. Vesperi enim sol minus fervet A. Eamus igitur! prata
;
:
;
Naufragium.
7.
Mauritius, Redisti nobis obesior ac procerior.
dem
batiilus.
At quid
sibi vult hie pallor ?
M.
est fortuna, sic est corporis habitus.
mihi quidem
secunda
alias
M. Dolet mihi
sius.
M. Bene turam
C
habet,
facere,
M. Ubinam?
quod ipse nobis vivus
fama aegre
lum hoc visum esse
C
accidit ?
est superis.
C. Nescio, nisi
M. Vides
quod
Pluvia,
ferveo, vi 2. to 7.
Obesus,
sxoim out.
philosophize,
Albeo
;
Jussum
quam
erat in
famae.
sarciri nullo
fatis
pacto
Qui mameis.
Sic
sed interim ego ringor, her'ile.
nam equitandum
est.
Syrus.
En
adsunt,
inundo 1. to overfloio. lutulentus, a, urn, muddy. window, flexuosus, a, nm.^ winding, umbrosus, a, um, shady. burn (intrans). vario 1. to vary.
a,
um,/««.
corrugatus,
odiose, ado. odiously.
circumfero,
tuli,
ringor
show
3. to
2. to be clean,
a, um, slightly um, tcrin^/erf. reflo 1.
imberbis, e, beardless,
pallor, oris, m.^^a/cnes*-.
bloio against,
8.
;
in littore,
Britannico.
3.6,/. rain,
fenestra, ae,/.
bearded,
C, Uni-
nee onerant circumferentem.
eripi possunt,
Rahinus. Prefer ocreas
odio-
reflavit
doctrinam ac virtutem tutissimas
igitur,
Pulchre tu quidem philosopharis
6.
C. Ut
?
Praestat pecuniae jac-
M. Vita sic
equi-
Nunquam
potest, peciniia facile alicunde sarcietur.
8.
to
enatasti.
Levius est pecuniae damnum,
vitae.
quae nee
divitias,
nunc,
C. In littore
Vita famaque incolumi, periit pecunia.
potest,
quam
C
Sed quid hoc mali est? M. In mari ? C, Non, sed
feci.
ingressus.
quam
adversa
tua calamitas.
versae pecuniae naufragium
nondum navem
frons corrugata
Num
?
At
redisti bar-
qmd
sed nunquam,
;
Cyprianus.
M. Imberbis abieras,
niallem prudentior, aut doctior.
latum
3.
carry around,
philosophor
1. to
the teeth; 2) to be fretful.
rigeo 2. to be
26*
to
barbatulus,
a,
stiff,
siccitas, atis,/. dryness,
uvi-
w$
DIALOGUES.
R. Probe quidem abs tersas,
dulo panno tur.
te curatae
iS.
mox unge ad ignem
:
Ubi frenum
riibigine.
Adsunt.
S.
ephippia?
et
desit,
aut ne quid ruptuni, aut
quid nobis
mora,
quum erimus
in
sarciendum cura.
Quam macri sunt
absterges, aut pectis illos in
res ipsa loquitur. S.
R
Minime.
liceat
Cur
:
anno ?
Quoties
!
R. Nimirum
quotidie.
nonnumquam totum triduum.
iS.
S. Fiet.
celeriter.
Monita paedagogi.
9.
Tu
qui clavi de-
loquuntur ipsa macie.
satis
Adorna mantlcam
Patdagogus.
num
strigosi
tu quidem, sed aliud dicturi sint equi, si loqui
habitior equis ?
igitur restat.
Propere hoc lorum
quamque
Immo
Jejunia colunt, opinor,
Negas
quanquam
igitur tu
6".
sed
;
promptu.
in
mox rumpendum, ne
in cursu.
equi,
Verum
R.
Reversus inspice soleas equorum,
aut vacillent.
sint,
donee moUian-
Sunt
*S.
R. Vide, ne quid sit
Deterge uvi-
siccitate.
diligenter, ac macera,
R. Ubi calcaria ?
Curabitiir.
obducta
Opinor nee de-
totae albent situ.
;
nee unctas hoc anno, adeo rigent prae
mihi videris non in aula natus, sed in caula
:
adeo
Puerum ingenuum decent ingenui mores. quispiam, cui debes honorem, compone te in rec-
moribus es agrestibus. (Quoties alloquitur te
tum
Vultus
corporis statum, aperi caput.
nee impudeus, nee protervus, nee
instabilis,
sit
nee
sed
tristis,
quocum
peratus: oculi verecundi, semper intenti in eum,
Nee
juneti pedes, quietae manus.
nee torvus,
modestia tem-
hilari
vacilles alternis tibiis,
loqueris:
nee manus
agant gestus, nee mordeto labrum, nee scabito caput, nee fodito aures. Vestis item ad
decorum componatur,
ut totus cultus, vultus, gestus et
habitus corporis ingenuam modestiam et verecundam indolem prae se
Puer. Quid,
ferat.
Nondum.
Hem
Pae.
mediter ?
si
Pu. Quid, satis
est;
si sic ?
um,
ephippium,
clavus,
i.
m.
nail,
adv. doubtless,
9.
i,
i.
make
i,
m. rag.
i,
n.fast^
macero
strigusus, a,
^ej. colere, to
meic\es, e\^f. leanness,
1. to
um,
hahitas, a,
Si
rublgo,
soak,
our saddles),
nimirum,
lank,
keep fast,
labrum,
paedagogus,
agrestis, e, rustic, rude,
um, shameless, alternus, a, um,
gestures,
loquax, aut praeceps.
n. horse-doth, (corresponding to
n. admonition, instruction,
caula, ae, /. sheep-cote,
spectful.
inepte
si sic ?
triduum,
i,
w.
um, fleshy,
foe-
m. private
tutor.
mantica, ae,/. portmanteaa.
n. hay.
Monitum,
tervus, a,
pannus, i,
macer, era, crum, lean,
jejunium,
the space of three days.
num,
sis
Pae.
satis ?
Pu. Quid,
interim, sed sis attentus, quid alter dicat.
slightly moist,
inis, /. rust,
Pu. Siccine
Propemodum.
hoc tene, ne
Neve vagetur animus dulus, a,
Pae. Fac.
Pae.
i.
inslabilis, e, unstable,
alternate, n. lip.
i.
torvus, a,
stern,
verecundus,
gestus, us, gesture;
scabo,
um,
3. to scratch,
a,
pro-
um,
re-
gestus agere, to
fodio, odi,
ossum,
3.
:
DIALOGUES. quid
S07
respondendum, id facito paucis ac prudenter, interdum praehonorem, nonnunquam etiam addito cognomine, honoris gratia
erit
fatus
atque identidem modice flectas alterum genu, praesertim ubi respon-
sum
Neve
absolveris.
abeas, nisi praefatus veniam, aut ab ipso dimis-
Nunc age, specimen aliquod hujus rei nobis praebe Quantum temporis abfuisti a maternis aedibus ? Pw. Jam sex ferme menses. Pm. Addendum erat: domine. Pu. Jam sex ferme Pae. Non tangeris desiderio matris ? Pu. Nonmenses, domine. nunquam sane. Pae. Cupis eam revisere? Pu. Cupio, domine, si
sus.
!
pace
id
tes
!
Bene
Pae. Nunc^f iectendum erat genu.
liceat tua.
Sic ])ergito
Quum
murmures, sed
lingua, aut palato
suescito proferre verba tua.
distincte, clare, articulatim
quem
Si
praeteribis natu
In convivio sic
mineris, quid deceat aetatem
um
memento
:
postremus omnium adraoveto man-
mox, decerpta
:
bene precator, sed ipse
:
instabitur, est, illi
Si quis praebibet, hilariter
bibito modice.
Arride loquentibus
labris.
si
:
quod reliquum
particula,
proximo accubanti.
reddito, aut alicui
calicem
tuam
praebebis liilarem, ut semper me-
Si quid datur lautius, recusato modeste
patinae.
accipe, et age gratias
Ne
te
illi
non sitis, tamen admoveto ne quid loquare, nisi rogatus.
Si
ipse
cui obtrectato, ne cui temet anteponito, ne tua jactato, ne aliena
Esto comis, etiam erga tenuis fortunae sodales.
despicito.
laudem
ut sine invidia
invenias, et
amicos pares.
Ita fiet,
Si videris, convivium
mensa.
extrahi, precatus veniam, ac, salutatis convivis, subducito te a
horum memineris.
Vide, ut
quid aliud vis
Pu. Dabitur opera, mi praeceptor
Pae. Adito nunc libros tuos.
^
10.
dig
;
f
.
aures, to p^ick the ears,
Pu.
!
Num-
Fiet.
Venatio.
PauUus. Trahit sua quemque voluptas to
con-
grandem, ma-
gistratum, sacerdotem, doctorem, aut alioqui virum gravem, aperire caput.
habet.
ne praecipites sermonem, aut haesi-
loqueris, cave,
;
mihi placet venatio.
Thorn'
indoles, is,/, natural disposition, nature.
hem, inter] hem! ah! inepte, adv. foolishly. praefor 1. to premise ; praefatus honorem, -premising with your leave be it said ; cognomen, inis, n. title, specimen, praefari veniam, to first ask permission,
propemodum, adv.
almost,
.
:
inis, n.
specimen.
maternus, hasten,
a,
um,
haesito
mother's,
1. to hesitate,
distincte, adv. distinctly,
patina, ae,/. dish,
wise,
bibo,
i,
3. to
drink
to.
reviso, visi,
palatum,
i,
Isum
3. to revisit,
n. throat,
articulatim, adv. articulately,
lautus a,
um,
dainty,
extraho, traxi, tractum
3.
praecipito l.to
murmtiro
recuso
1. to
mutter.
alioqui, adv. other1. to refuse,
to protract,
prae-
subduco,
xi,
ctura 3. to withdraw. 10.
Venabulum,
i,
n. hunting-spear,
cuniculus,
i, r/i.
rabbit,
laqueus,
i,
'
303
Placet etiam mihi
as.
Valeant apri,
DIALOGUES. sed ubi canes, ubi venabula, ubi casses
;
vulpes
ursi, cervi et
!
Vin-
Ego
ranas
At ego laqueos injiciam
centius.
captabo.
Ego
Bariholus.
B.
tari volantia.
Lavrentius.
locustis.
L.
papiliones venabor.
sed pulchrum
Difficile,
cam lint
;
mihi hamus elegans.
est
L. Equidem malo
B. Sed unde parabis es-
L. Lumbricorum ubi vis magna est copia.
?
Quo pacto?
B.
liant.
banc situlam aqua. fractos immittito.
incantamentis
B.
Rem
B. Est,
efficiam, ut
Nunc
quam
Quomodo
certemus nucibus
si
grandiores sumus.
V.
?
quocunque
sequar,
;
sed arcu.
;
L.
Novum
Videbis et fatebere.
quam
aliud adhuc,
nihil
Tu
V,
igitur
indeco-
praescribito lusus
P. Et ego futurus sum
vocav^ris.
V.
nos
;
pueri sum-
nucibus, iisdem non
est ludere
est equitare arundine longa.
genus
insidiari so-
P. Nuces pueris relinquamus
Et tamen
P. Sed quibus decorum
rum
Non
B.
reti ?
?
B. At non injucundum.
piscandi genus.
us.
ut esca tarn vulgari
imponere piscibus; ego ranis facessam
vide, possisne
L.
negotium.
Quid,
Sic olim,
Sed plerique
L. Novi quoddam insecti genus, quo talibus
Tu
B.
le©.
con-
observa paullis-
prodigiosam video.
pisces delicatioris et elegantioris sunt palati,
ve-
Imple
cortices virentes
opinor, exsiliebant armati ex satis serpentis dentibus.
capiantur.
si tibi
multa milia prosi-
L. Videbis artem.
?
Hos juglandium summos Hac aqua perfunde solum.
Vides emergentes?
per.
mox
L. At ego
prorepere e terra.
est sec-
Difficile
pulchrius esse ducis
nisi
;
sectari lumbricos aut cochleas, quia carent alis. insidiari piscibus
P.
?
no3 insidiabimur cuniculis.
omnium
horarum homo. Reditus patris.
11.
Petrus.
pater
profectus tari
S.
?
ita
laetus
rediit.
es,
mi Sigismunde
P. Ubinam fuit ?
Nescisne, mercatum
an
noose.
in
rheda?
Equo
locusta, ae, /. locust,
vnng.
hamus,
forth,
incantamentura,
ndis,/. walnut, 3. to wet.
&
i,
vectus
i,
n.
magic
immitto, misi,
habitum,
P. Quando advenit m. earth-worm,
i,
esca, ae,/. bait, influence,
missum
3. to
put
1.
?
iS.
ala, ae,/.
prosilio, lui
4. to leap
situla, ae, /. pail,
juglans,
in.
perfundo, fudi, fusum
spring forth, serpens, lis, serpent, delicatus, a, impono, posui, positum 3. to impose upon c. AdX. to deceive. indecorus, a, um, unbecoming, arundo, inis,/. reed, praesto fish, exsilio, lui 4. to
\xm^ delicate,
piscor
P. Cur eo fuerat eumque frequen-
P. Utrum pedes, an eques
?
est.
lumbricus,
m. fishing-hook,
Sigismundus. Quia
?
Lipsiae.
iS.
ibi esse
a mercatoribus negotiandi caussa
rediit,
m.
Quid
domum
cribo, psi,
ptum
;
3. to prescribe.
11. Lipsia, ae,/. Leipsic.
mercatus, us, m. a fair,
rheda, ae,/. wagon.
DIALOGUES. P. Quia
Ante horam.
jam
quum
vi,
tibi tarn cito
venientem
e longinquo
ejus
non domi mansisse.
quum nunc tempus
dem dei
laude
dignum
est
12.
Cornelius. Scite tu
quidem
C.
Ego
imitari.
atramentum
Optima
rediit.
Sed
5^.
!
Charta
C. Deest mihi scalprum librarium. A.
A. Accipe cotem.
!
?
C.
Utrum
En
soles
Accommoda ad manum
A.
A. Quaeso, ut mihi describas ordine,
C. Graecas,
an Latinas
C. Suppedlta chartam.
mutuum.
jS.
Andreas. Quaeso, ut ap-
Rogabo
alicunde.
?
primum
A. Latinas
A. Accipe.
dilutius est saepius infusa aqua.
rogare
S.
P. Id qui-
?
sed cliarta tua perflait
duriore, an molliore
tarium prorsus exaruit.
quam
;
atramentum.
molliore soleo.
figuras elementorum.
conabor
scholam eundi.
scholam eamus
in
scribis
quam obtusum
cuspide
scribere
tuam.
fecisti ?
sed miror, te propter ad-
;
Id nee pater permisisset, nee ego
iS.
adsit in
Nunc
est ac transmittit
C. Hui,
illi
Saluta-
,S.
Colloquium scholasticum.
pares mihi pen nam banc. tibi.
P. Quid amplius fecisti
eum
Famulus, qui
sed quomodo valet pater tuus
colloquemur.
alias pluribus
5^.
salutasti ?
P. Ego gaudeo tecum, quod salvus
beneficio.
subhumlda
;
?
P. Jamne
P. Bene
ipse vellem,
ventum
nuntiavit
viderat.
vix ex equo descendisset.
Calcaria detraxi et ocreas.
309
A. At
C.
Sed
meum
meum
atramen-
C. Praestat habere domi,
A. Quid est discipulus sine
calamo
et atra-
mento ? C. Quod miles sine clipeo et gladio. A. Utinam mihi sint Equidem non possum dictantis vocem scribendo digiti tam celeres assequi. C. Prima cura sit, ut bene scribas proxima, ut celeriter. !
;
Sat
cito, si sat
quum
dictat
:
A. Belle
bene.
Sat
cito, si sat
12. Scite, adv. skilfully,
;
sed istam cantionem cane praeceptori,
bene.
charta, ae, /. paper,
perfluo, uxi,
uxum
3. io
subhumidus, a, um, somewhat moist, transmitto, isi, issum atramentum, i, w. in/i;. quaeso, / as A;. appSro I. to pre3. to let through, pare ; app. pennam, to mend a pen. scalprum librarium, i, n. pen-knife, hui, cusp'is^idis^ f point. interj. Oh! obtusus, a, um, dull. a.ccomm6do I. to infundo, fudi, fusura 3. to pour in. atramentarium, i, n. inkstand. fit. exaresco, arui 3. to become dry. mutuus, a, um, reciprocal; mutuum rogare, flow through,
—
to
borrow,
calamus,
cantio, onis,/. song.
i,
rn. stalk, quill,
dicto 1. to dictate,
belle, adv. finely.
!
310
REMARKABLE SAYINGS.
REMARKABLE SAYINGS.
Ill
E
1.
pugnabimus.
igitur, inquit^
Lacaena quum filium
2.
Perses hostis in colloquio dixisset
Soletn prae jaculorum multitudine et sagittarum non videbi-
:
In umbra
tis:
quum
Lacedaemoniis unus,
glorians
in
—
Tusc.
C.
set: Idcirco, inquit, genueram, id esset, qui pro patria ret occumbere.
—
42, 101.
1,
proelium misisset et interfectum audis-
mortem non dubita-
Ibid. 102.
3. Cyrenaeum Theodorum, philosfophum non ignobilem, nonne miramur ? cui quum Lysimachus, rex Thraciae et Macedoniae, crucem
minaretur
Mis
:
quaeso, inquit, ista horribilia minitare purpuratis tuis
Theodori quidem nihil
interest,
humine, an sublime putescat.
Diogenes, Cynlcus, projici se post
4.
Tum
amici: Volucribusne et feris?
enim
Quid
senties.
Minime
Qui
propter me, qw) abigam, ponitote.
mortem
—
Ibid. 43, 102.
jussit
inhumatum.
vero, inquit; sed
poteris
? illi
badUum
(quaesiverunt)
;
non
igitur mihi ferarum laniatus oberit nihil sentienti ?
—Ibid, 43, 104. Praeclare Anaxagoras,
5.
Clazomenas
amicis, velletne
hil necesse est, inquit
Anaxagoram
6.
nuisse mortalem.
—
;
quum Lampsaci
moreretur, quaerentibus
in patriam, si quid accidisset, auferri
undique enim ad inferos tantundem viae
ferunt, nuntiata
morte
filii,
dixisse
:
est.
:
—
JViIbid,
Sdebam, me ge-
Ibid. 3. 14, 30.
7. Noctu ambulabat in publico Themistocles, quod somnum capere non posset: quaerentibusque respondebat, Miltiddis tropaeis se e somno
—
suscitari'
Ibid. 4. 19, 44.
Socrates,
8.
quum
esset
ex eo quaesitum, Arcfaelaum, Perdiccae
tum fortunatissimus haberetur, nonne beatum putaret Hand inquit nunquam enim cum eo collocutus sum. Ain' tu ? aliter id
filium, qui scio,
:
;
scire
non potes ?
rege
magno
quam
sit
quam
doctus,
1. Perses, ae, 3.
Tu
modo.
vir
bonus
m. a Persian;
Cyrenaeus,
/. cross,
Mdlo
potes dicere, beatusne
An
Quid ?
?
ne de Persarum quidem
igitur
sit ?
adj. Persian,
ego possim,
quum
ignorem,
tu in eo sitam vitam beatam jactilum,
i,
n. javelin.
m. Cyrenean,from Cyrene, chief city of Lybia. crux, ucJs, purpuratus, \, m. a courtier, sublime, adv. in the air. putesco, i,
tui 3. to rot. 4.
Cynicus,
matus, 5.
a, urn,
i,
m.
the Cynic,
unburied.
i,
n. staff,
jectum
3. to cast forth,
laniatus, us,
m.
inhu-
the tearing.
Lampsacus, city of Mysia. Clazomenae, arum,/. Clasi quid accidisset, if any thing should happen to him, tantundem viae, jm5/ as long a way. if perchance he should die.
LampsScus,
i,/.
zomenae, city of Ionia, i. e,
projicio, jeci,
bacillum,
— REMARKABLE SAYINGS. putas
Ita prorsus eocistimo
?
ergo Archelaus
:
bonos, heatos
Certe, si injustus.
?
—
improhos, miseros.
Miser
C. Tusc. 5. 12, 34. 35.
Lacedaemonii, Philippo minitante per
9.
narentur, prohibiturum, quaesiverimt,
;
311
num
litteras,
se omnia, quae co-
se esset etiam
mori prohihitu-
rus.—lbid. 14, 42.
quum
Xenocrates,
10.
attulissent,
legati
ab Alexandro quinquaginta
quae erat pecunia temporibus
illis,
ei talenta
Athenis praesertim, max-
coenam in Academiam iis apposuit tantum, nuUo apparatu. Quum postridie rogarent eum, cui numerari (sc. pecuniam) juberet Quid ? vos hesternd, inquit, coenvM non intelleristis, me pecunia non egere ? Quos quum tristiores vidisset, ima, abduxit legatos ad
quod
;
satis esset,
:
minas accepit, ne aspernari regis liberalitatem videretur.
triginta
Ibid.
32,91.
Lacedaemone quum tyrannus coenavisset Dionysius, negavit, se nigro, quod coenae caput erat, delectatum. Tum is, qui ilia Quae tandem? coxerat: Mlnime mirum; condimenta enim defuerunt. 11.
jure
illo
inquit his
12.
in
Labor in venatu, sudor, cursus ad Eurotam, fames,
ille.
enim rebus Lacedaemoniorum epulae condiuntur.
Quum
locus ei a suis civibus
autem ad Lacedaemonios
datus, dixit ex
et
Quum
essent, certo in
senem ilium sessum
quidam: Athenienses sdunt, quae
iis
re-
13. Bias, qui
recta sunt
;
sedfacere
18, 63.
numeratur in septem sapientibus,
Prienen cepisset
hostis, ceterique ita fugerent, ut
quum
asportarent, :
omnes
est datus.
quum
Quibus quum a cuncto consessu plausus esset multiplex
nolunt.^C. Sen.
faceret
nusquam
accessisset, qui, legati
loco consederant, consurrexerunt
secum
Ibid. 34, 98.
Athenis, ludis, quidam in theatrum grandis natu venisset,
magno consessu
ceperunt.
sitis;
—
Ego vero,
esset admonitus a
inquit, yoao
;
quum
ejus patriam
multa de suis rebus
quodam, ut idem ipse
nam omnia mecumporto
mea.
—
C. Parad.
1. 2, 8.
Quum tyrannus
14.
[hie] deliberandi sibi 10.
Hiero quaesivisset de Simonide, quid Deus
unum diem
Appono, posui, posTtum 3. a, um, of yesterday,
hesternus,
mina (worth about 17^
postulavit.
to place before,
coeniila, ae, /,
Quum
esset,
idem ex eo pos-
apparatus, us, m, fitting out.
a spare meal,
mina, ae,/.
dollars).
11. Jus, uris, n. broth, soup,
venatus, us, m. hunting.
Eurotas, ae, m.
Eurotas, river in Sparta. 12. Ludis,
games,
theatrum,
consurgo, surrexi, surrectum the old
man, in order
manifold.
to scat
i,
n.
theatre,
3. to arise,
him,
i. e.
took
consessus, us. m. assembly.
senem sessum receperunt, received him to their seat, multiplex, Icis,
— REMARKABLE SAYINGS.
318 tridie quaereret,
biduum
Quum
petivit.
saepius duplicaret
dierum, admii'ansque Hiero requireret, cur
ita faceret
inquit, diutius considero, tanto mihi res videtur ohscurior.
—
numerum
Quia, quardo,
:
D.
C. A^.
1. c.
22. 15.
Quum
Hannibal, Carthagine expulsus,
venisset exsul, proque eo, gloria, invitatus esset
audiret
quumque
;
is
quod ejus nomen
ab hospitibus se
non
copiosus aliquot horas de imperatoris
Tum, quum
ceteri,
Phormionem philosophum
suis, ut
nolle dixisset
Ephesum ad Antiochum magna apud omnes
erat
locutus esse dicitur
:
de omni re
officio et
homo
militari.
qui ilium audierant, vehementer essent delectati,
quaerebant ab Hannibale, quidnam ipse de
illo
Hie Poenus non optime Graece, sed tamen
libere respondisse fertur,
mvltos se deliros senes saepe vidisse raret, vidisse
neminem.
sed qui magis,
;
Neque mehercule
cum
populo
injuria
quam
rogantius, aut loquacius fieri potuit,
imperio
philosopho judicaret.
!
quam Phormio, deliQuid enim aut ar-
Hannibali, qui tot annos de
Romano, omnium gentium
victore,
certasset,
Graecum hominem, qui nunquam hostem, nunquam castra vidisset, nunquam denique minimam partem ullius publici muneris attigisset, praecepta de re militari dare ? C. De Or. 2, 18, 75. 16.
Quum, Tarento amisso, arcem tamen
multaque ex ea proelia praeclara
Maximus
Livius Salinator retinuisset,
quum
fecisset,
aliquot post annos
oppidum recepisset, rogaretque eum Salinator, ut merainisset, opera sua se Tarentum recepisse Quidni, inquit, meminerim ? nunquam enim recepissem, nisi tu perdidisses. C. De. Or. 2. 67, 273. 17. Nasica quum ad poetam Ennium venisset, eique ab ostio quaerenti Ennium ancilla dixisset domi non esse Nasica sensit illam domiid
:
— ;
ni jussii, dixisse, et ilium intus esse.
Paucis post diebus
quum ad
Nasicam venisset Ennius, et eum a janua quaereret, exclamat Nasica, se domi non esse. Tum Ennius Quid ? ego non cognosco vocem, inquit, tuam ? Hie Nasica Homo [inquit] es impudens. Ego quum te :
:
qtiaererem, ancillae time credidi, te
—lb. 18.
domi non
esse
;
tu mihi
non
credis ipsi ?
68, 276.
Orator quidam malus
putaret,
postquam
movisse
:
quum
assedit, rogavit
Ac magnam quidem,
in epil6go
inquit
;
rum, cui non oratio tua miseranda visa 15. Exsul, ulis, m. exile,
misericordiam se movisse
Catulum, videreturne misericordiam
neminem enim puto sit.
—
C.
De
Or.
2. 69,
esse
tam du-
278.
proque eo, quod, and on account of this, that non. res militaris, warfare, hie, here. Poenus, i, m. Carthaginian. Graece, adv. in Greek, delirus, a, um, silly, deliro 1. to be silly, mehercule, adv. by Hercules, indeed, arrogans, lis, arrogant. nolle,
to
will
with pleasure,
;
313
NARRATIVES.
NARRATIVES.
IV.
Themistocles. (Cf. Justin. 2, 10. 11.) Leonidas. Xerxes. Xerxes belliim a patre coeptum adversus Graeciam per quinquen-
1.
nium de
Septingenta
instruxit.
auxiliis, ut
Graeciamque
cata,
de regno armaverat
niilia
non immerito proditum
omnem
introitus
Xerxis in Graeciam
Nam quum
discessus.
sic-
Naves
vix capere exercitum ejus potuisse.
quoque milia ducentas numero habuisse Ut
et trecenta milia
flumina ab exercitu ejus
sit,
dicitur.
terribilis fuit, ita
turpis ac foedus
cum
Leonidas, rex Lacedaemoniorum,
quat-
militum angustias Thermopylarum occupasset, Xerxes
tuor milibus
contemptu paucitatis eos pugnam capessere jubet, quorum cognati Marathonia pugna
editur.
Triduum
quum
quarto die,
fuerant
interfecti
principium cladis fuere
:
cum
ibi
nuntiatum esset Leonidae, a
summum cacumen :
teneri, tunc hortatur
plura se patriae,
dia Graeciae servandos.
ulcisci
inutili turba,
suos cupiunt,
major caedes
dolore et indignatione Persarum dimicatum
meliora patriae tempora reservent
experiendam
dum
qui,
:
succedente deinde
sibi
:
quam
recedant, et se ad
socios,
cum Lacedaemoniis
vitae,
debere
:
hujus
Initio
belli
fortunam
ceteros ad praesi-
Audito regis imperio, discessere
Lacedaemonii remanserunt.
:
hostium
viginti milibus
ceteri, soli
sciscitantibus Delphis
oracula responsum fuerat, aut regi Lacedaemoniorum, aut urbi caden-
dum
esse.
Et
idcirco rex Leonidas,
quum
firmaverat, ut ire se parato ad
propterea occupaverat, ut
cum
in
bellum proficisceretur,
moriendam animo
Dimissis igitur sociis, hortatur
Lacedaemonios, meminerint, quocunque esse
modo proeliaturi quam dimicasse
caverent, ne fortius mansisse,
:
sint,
honestius,
daret, securis et laetis
quam
in castris
suadere paratis mori
:
arma
Nihil erat difficile per-
capiunt, et sexcenti viri castra quin-
gentorum milium irrumpunt; statimque Quinquennium,
dum nox
superveniendum; nusquam victores
hostium perituros.
statim
caden-
viderentur
nee exspectandum, donee ab hoste circumvenirentur, sed, occasionem
suos
paucis aut majore gloria vinceret, aut
minore damno reipublicae caderet.
dum
ita
Angustias
scirent.
regis praetorium petunt, aut
offour years, armo 1. to arm. immerinumero, aW., in number. Thermopylae, arum, contemtus, us, m. contempt. /. Thermopylae, a narrow pass in Thessaly. paucitas, atis,/. feloness, cognatus, i, m. relative. Marathonius, a, um, of 1.
i,
n. the space
to, adv. not ^cithout justice,
Marathon.
tr\dii.am/i^n. space of three days,
sciscKtor 1. to inquire,
proelior
1. to fight.
27
indignatio, onis,/. indignation.
circumvSnio, veni, ventum
4. to
::
314
NARRATIVES.
cum
oppress! essent, in ipsius potissimum sede moritu-
illo, aut, si ipsi
Tiimultus
ri.
castris
totis
non inveniunt, per omnia
Lacedaemonii posteaquam regem
oritur.
castra victores vagantur, caedunt sternuntque
omnia, ut qui sciant se pugnare non spe victoriae, sed in mortis poe-
Proelium a principio noctis in majorem partem
nam.
Ad postremum non rum hostium
sed vincendo
victi,
fatigati, inter
diei tractum.
ingentes strato-
catervas occiderunt.
Xerxes, duobus vulneribus terrestri proelio acceptis, experiri maris
fortunam
Ante navalis
statu it.
prorsus, quasi
templum
A[)ollinis
non cum Graecis tantum, sed etiam cum
bus bellum gereret est,
congressionem miserat Xerxes
proelii
quattuor milia armatorum Delphos ad
ut intelligeret,
:
quae manus
quam nuUae
diripiendum
diis
immortali-
imbribus et fulminibus deleta
tota
essent
hominum adversqs deos
vires.
Post haec Thespias, et Plataeas, et Athenas vacuas hominibus incendit et
quoniam
Namque istocle,
majoris
ferro in
homines non
Athenienses post
poterat, in aedificia igne grassatur.
pugnam Marathoniam, })raemonente Them-
victoriam illam de Persis reportatam, non finem, sed caussam belli fore,
ducentas naves fabricati erant.
Adventante
igitur
Xerxe, consulentibus Delphis oraculum responsum fuerat: Salutem
muris ligneis tuerentur. Themistocles, navium praesidium demonstratum ratus, persuadet
omnibus, patriam municipes esse, non moenia aedificiis,
quam
sed in civibus positam.
Hujus sententiae etiam
urbi commissuros.
cum
Probato consilio, conjuges liberosque insulis, relicta urbe,
demandant
emplum Atheniensium
occupasset
;
Salaminii
ipsi
Deum auctorem
naves armati conscendunt.
Ex-
Itaque
quum
intenta in bellum navale esset,
classis, et
freti,
esse.
pretiosissimis rebus abditis
etiam aliae urbes imitatae sunt.
conjuncta omnis sociorum angustiasque
;
civitatemque non in
;
Itaque melius salutem navibus,
ne circumveniri a multitudine posset,
dissensio inter civitatium principes oritur.
Qui quum,
deserto bello, ad sua tuenda dilabi vellent, timens Themistocles, ne discessu sociorum vires minuerentur, per servum fidelem Xerxi nuntiat,
uno
in loco
civitates,
eum
contractam Graeciam capere facilime posse.
quae jam abire
vellent,
dolo impellit regem, ut signum pugnae daret.
gulas consectandas.
Hoc
go around^ surround,
supervenire,
to prostrate,
statuo, ui,
ut qui, as
utum
3. to
Quodsi
dissiparentur, majore labore ei sin-
those.,
who.
determine,
to surprise,
fatlgo
quam
1. to
sterno, stravi, stratum 3.
weary,
nullae essent
caterva, ae,/. troop.
hominum
vires,
how
power of man might be. congressio, onis, /. engagement. vacuus, a, um (c. abl.), Boeofta. Thespiae and Plataeae, arum,/. ciYies empty. gra.ssor I. to loalk ; in aliquid gr. to rage against, praemoneo, tii,
insignificant the
m
315
NARRATIVES. Graeci quoque, adventu hostium occupati, proelium
collatis viribus
capessunt.
cum
Interea rex, velut spectator pugnae,
remanet
navium
parte
in littore
Artemisia autem, regiiia Halicarnassi, quae in auxilium Xerxi
;
primos duces bellum acerrime ciebat
vfenerat, inter
muliebrem timorem, anceps proelium
esset,
quippe ut
:
in viro
Quum
muliere virilem audaciam cerneres.
ita in
lones ex praecepto Themistoclis pugnae se
quorum defectio animos ceterorum fugam pelluntur Persae et mox, proelio victi, in fugam vertuntur. In qua trepidatione multae captae sunt naves, multae mersae plures tamen, non minus saevitiam regis, quam hostem, timentes, domiim dilabuntur.
paullatim subtrahere coeperunt
:
Itaque circumspicientes
fregiL
;
2.
Marcus
Piso orator
et servus.
Romanus, servis praeceperat, ut tantum ad interEvenit, ut rogata responderent, neve quicquam praeterea dicerent. Clodium ad coeham invitari juberet. Hora coenae instabat aderant ceteri convivae omnes, solus Clodius exspectabatur. Piso sei vum, qui Piso, orator
;
Quum
solebat convivas vocare, aliquoties emisit, ut videret, veniretne.
tandem jam desperaretur ejus adventus, Piso servo Die, inquit, num forte non invitasti Clodium ? Invitavi, respondit ille. Cur ergo non venit? Quia venturum se negavit. Tum Piso: Cur id non statim :
Respondit Servus
dixisti ?
:
Quia non sum a Canis fdelis.
3.
Pyrrhus rex in
pus custodiebat.
itinere incldit in
Quum
ro deduci et curari diligenter.
Transeunt
habetur.
J. to
jussit
humari, canem ve-
Aderat
mumceps,
fabricor 1. tu make,
commit.
expertem
tres dies cibi
Paucis post diebus militum iustratio
conjux, ugis,/.
2) citizen,
;
hominis cor-
interfecti
eum jam
singuli, sedente rege.
itura 2. pre-admonish.
demando
canem, qui
audisset,
nee a cadavere discedere, mortuum
assidere,
free city
te interrogatus.
ipis,
m.
abdo, didi, ditum
icife.
Salaminium fretum,
i,
n.
Is
canis.
quum
citizen
of a
3. to conceal.
bay of Salamis.
Halicar-
nassus, i.f. city in Caria. muliebris, e, of a woman, cerneres, one might see. lones, um, m. lonians. paullatim, adv. gradually, subtraho, traxi,
tractum
withdraw,
3. to
dation^ haste, 2. ties,
defectio, onis,/. desertion,
mergo, mersi, mersum
Praecipio, cepi,
ceptum
adv. several times,
num
3.
3. to
to direct,
forte
non
sink,
trepidatio, onis,/. trepi-
saevitia, ae,/. cruelty.
praeterea, adv. besides,
invitasti
?
can
it
aliquo-
be possible that thou
hast not invited. 3.
Assideo, sedi
lead away.
2.
to sit by.
humo
Iustratio, onis,/. rerieic.
I. to
bury,
tacitus, a,
um,
deduco, fi^en^.
xi,
ctum
3. to
percussor, oris,
;
316
NARRATIVES.
'
antea quietus et tacitus fuisset, simulac transire, procurrit furens
vertens, ita quidem, ut
eosque
non modo
domini sui percussores
vidit,
allatravit,
rex, sed
saepius se ad
Pyrrhum con-
omnes, qui aderant, suspi-
cionem de
iis
quibusdam
signis aliunde accedentibus, fassi
Ergo comprehensi et examinati, levibus caedem poenas dederunt.
conciperent.
Archimedis mors.
4.
Captis Syracusis, quas Archimedes machinationibus suis mirificis diu defenderat, Marcellus, imperator Romaiius, gravissime edixit, ne quis
Archimedi vim
At
faceret.
is,
dum animo
et oculis in terra defixis,
Romano,
qui praedandi caussa in
formas
in
domum
irruperat strictoque gladio, quisnara esset, interrogabat, propter
pulvere describit, militi
nimium ardorem 7M0S !
A
5.
Duo
respondet, nisi hoc
studii nihil
JVoli tubare drculos
:
milite igitur, ignaro, quis esset, intei-ficitur.
amici una
iter
Amicus
ursum
Alter celeriter in arborem adscendit
ingentem vident advenientem. alter recordatus, illam
itifidelis.
faciunt atque, solitudinem peragrantes,
bestiam Cadavera non attingere,
fame
nisi
efFera-
tam, humise pl'osternitanimamque continet, simulans seesse mortuum.
Accedit ursus, contrectat jacentem, os suum ad hominis os
et
aures
Tunc ambo metu liberati inceptum iter persequuntur. Inter eundum autem interrogat is, qui in arborem adscenderat, alterum, quidnam ursus ei in aurem insusurrasset. admovet
et
cadaver esse ratus discedit.
Mijlta, inquit
dedit,
«ssem
quae non recordor
ille,
sed imprimis hoc praeceptum
;
ne quem pro amico haberem, cujus fidem ad verso tempore non expertus.
6.
Demosthenes.
Demosthenes caussam orans quum judices parum Paullisper, inquit, aures mihi praebete
narrabo.
Quum
aures arrexissent
conduxerat, quo Athenis
quum
sol flagraret,
:
Megaram
:
rem
vobis
attentos videret:
novam
profecturus
4.
EdTco,
5.
xi,
ctum
give out
command,
vim
In itinere
clitellas et
sub
furo 3. to rage.
facere, to inflict violence.
vie,f. figure.
ursus,
Infidelis, e, unfaithful,
anima, ae,/. breath, 6.
3. to
jucundam
uteretur.
neque esset umbraculum, deposuit
m. murderer, procurro, cucurri, cursum 3. to rush forth, allatro 1. to bark at. suspicio, onis,/. suspicion.
forma,
et
Juvenis, inquit, quispiam asinum
contrecto
Arrigo, rexi, rectum
3.
to
1. to
i,
m.
handle,
prick up.
bear,
effero 1. to render fierce.
insusurro, io whisper.
conduco,
xi,
ctum
3. to
take with
',
!
NARRATIVES.
317
umbra tegeretur. Id vero agaso vetabat, claraaiis, non umbram asini. Alter quum contra contenjus ambulant. Haec locutus Demosthenes, ubi hom-
asino consedit, cujus
asinum locatum deret,
tandem
esse,
in
ines diligenter auscultantes vidit,
Turn revocatus a judicibus Quid ? inquit. De asini
abiit.
rogatusque, ut reliquam fabulam enarraret
umbra
audire
licet
?
caussam hominis de
7.
:
vita periclitantis
non
audietis
?
Cyri mors.
Postquam Asiam Cyrus subegit, Scythis bellum infert, quibus eo tempe Tomyris regina praeerat. Rex aliquantum in Scythia progressus, quasi refugiens, castra deseruit atque
epulis
in
Tum
necessaria reliquit.
erant
iis
copiarum ad hostes insequendos misit
tertia parte
quae
vini affatim et
regina filium adolescentem is
;
vero, rei militaris
ignarus, omisit hostes et milites in castris Cyri vino se onerare patitur. redit omnesque Scythas cum ipso reginae filio in Sed Tomyris, poenam meditata, hostes, recenti victoria exsultantes, pari fraude decipit. Quippe simulato timore refugiens Cyrum ad angustias pertraxit ibique in insidiis regem cum innumerabilibus Persarum copiis occidit. Tum caput Cyri amputatum in
Cyrus autem noctu casti'is interficit.
humano
utrem, sanguine
exprobrans: Satia
te
repletum, conjecit, crudelitatem his verbis
sanguine,
quem
sitisti,
et
quo nunquam
satiari
potuisti
Androdi
8.
Romae
leo.
maximo
(Cf. Gell. N. A.
5, 14,
5—30.)
pugna populo dabatur. Multae ibi sa«vientes ferae erant sed praeter alia omnia leonum immanitas admirationi fuit, praeterque ceteros omnes eminebat unus. in circo
venationis amplissimae ;
impetu
Is leo corporis
et ingenti
magnitudine terribilique fremltu,
toris
comisque cervicum fluctuantibus, animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat.
Introductus erat inter complures ceteros ad
tiarum servus
viri consularis.
2) to hire, onis,
m.
to be in
umbraculum, loco
hostler,
danger
n.
Ei servo Androclus nomen
shade,
1. to hire,
clitellae,
enarro
1,
arum,
pugnam besfuit. Hunc
/. pack-saddle,
to relate
through,
agaso,
periclitor 1.
of.
Aliquantum,
some extent, refugio, fugi 3. to flee back, affatim, a^Zu. abundance of wine, insequor, secutus sum 3.
abundantly;
manitas,
affl
atis, /.
/. hair; 2)
^0
vini,
Aw^ewe^^.
mane,
torus,
i,
m. protuberance ;
cervix, icis,/. neck,
21^
fluctuor
1. to
2) muscle,
wave,
coma, ae,
introdaco, xi,
318
NARRATIVES. leo ubi vidit procul, repente, quasi admirans, stetit
ille
ac deinde sen-
;
sim atque placide tanquam exploratiirus ad hominem accedit
;
turn
caudam more adulantium canum clementer et blande movet hominisque fere corpori adjungit cruraque ejus et manus prope jam exanimati metu lingua leniter demulcet Homo Androclus inter ilia tam atrocis ferae blandimenta amissum animum receperat pauUatim oculos ad contuendum leonem refert. Turn, quasi mutua recognitione facta, laetos et gratulabundos videres hominem et leonem. Ea re prorsus admirabili maximi a populo clamores excitantur, arcessiturque a Caesare Androclus, quaeriturque ex eo, cur ille atrocissimus leonum uni peper;
cisset.
Quum
Hie Androclus rem mirificam narrat atque admirandam.
pro-
meus dominus obtineret, verberibus ad fugam sum coactus;
vinciam, inquit, Africam proconsulari imperio
ego
ibi iniquis ejus
et quotidianis
domino terrae illius praeside tutiores latebrae essent, in camporum et arenarum solitudines concessi: ac, si defuisset cibus, consilium fuit mortem aliquo pacto quaerere. Tum, sole flagrante, specum quendam nactus remotum latebrosumque, in eum me recondo. Neqiie multo post ad eundem specum venit hie leo, debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus edens et murmura, dolorem cruciatumque vul-
et,
ut mihi a
Ac primum quideni conspectu advenientis leonis summo terrore impletur; sed postquam leo, introgressus illud suum, vidit me procul delitescentem, mitis et man-
neris indicantia.
animus meus in latibulum
suetus accessit
petendae
:
ac sublatum
gratia, visus est.
ejus haerentem revelli
pedem
Ibi,
ostendere et porrigere, quasi opis
ego stirpem ingentem vestigio pedis
conceptamque saniem vulnere intimo express!
magna jam formidine siccavi pemtus atque detersi tunc mea opera et medicina levatus, pede in manibus
accuratiusque sine
cruorem.
Ille
meis posito, recubuit
et quievit.
Atque ex eo die triennium totum ego
eodem specu eodemque victu viximus. Nam, quas venabaferas, membra opimiora ad specum mihi suggerebat: quae ego,
et leo in
tHr
'Ctum
introduce,
3. to
adv. by degrees, ceo, mulsi,
vir consularis, m.
cauda, ae,/.
mulsum
tail,
a
man
adjungo,
2. to soothe ; 2) to lick,
xi,
of consular rank,
ctum
3. to
blandimentum,
um, mutual, recognitio, onis, /. recognition, um, congratulating. Hie, here, proconsulare imperium, latebrae, arum,/, lurking places,
arena, ae,/. sand,
i,
to.
sensim,
demul-
n. caressing.
gratulabundus,
inutuiis, a,
er,
join
n.
a,
proconsular powlatebrosus, a,
um,
introgredior, gresfull of lurking places, recondo, idi, itum 3. to conceal, sus sum 3. to enter, latibulum, i, n. den. delitesco, tui 3. to conceal one's
mansuetus, a, um, tame, ostendo, di, sum 3. rectum 3. to extend, vestigium, i, n. sole, revello,
self,
sanies, ei,/. bloody matter
.
formido, in\s, f. fear,
to shoio. elli,
porrigo, rexi,
ulsum
3. to tear out.
sugggro, gessi, gestura
3.
;
^
NARRATIVES.
me
sole meridiano torrens
copiam non habens,
ignis
vitae illius ferinae
rellqui
specum
et,
:
prehensusque sum statim rei capitalis
jam pertaesum
viam
edebam.
Sed ubi
leone in venatum profecto,
permensus, a militibus visus com-
fere tridui
ad
mihi nunc etiam beneficii tibus,
est,
dominum ex Africa Romam deductus. damnandum dandumque ad bestias curavit. et
autem hunc quoque leonem,
ligo
319
et
me
me
Is
Intel-
tunc separate, captum gratiam
medicinae referre.
Itaque, cunctis peten-
dimissus est Androclus et poena solutus, leoque
suffragiis
et
populi donatus.
Somnium mirum.
9.
Quum
duo quidam Arcades familiares ad cauponem devertit
venissent, alter
;
et
Megaram
alter.
Qui ut
una facerent
iter
ad hospitem
coenati quieverunt, concubia nocte visus est in somnis hospitio, ille alter orare, ut
pararetur
legisset idque ei
visum pro
dormienti idem
venisset,
subveniret,
quod
nihilo
habendum
mortem suam ne inultam
dein,
quum
se col-
esse duxisset, recubuit
quoniam
visus est rogare, ut,
ille
qui erat in
a caupone interltus
sibi
primus perterritus somnio surrexit;
is
:
ei,
esse pateretur
sibi vivo
turn
;
non sub-
se interfectum in
;
plaustrum a caupone esse conjectum, et supra stercus injectum: pe-
mane ad portam adesset, priusquam pl&ustrum ex oppido exHoc vero somnio is commotus mane bubulco praesto ad portam
tere, ut iret.
fuit
;
quaesivit ex eo, quid esset in plaustro
tuus erutus est
Cleobis et Bito.
10.
Quum
jus esset
enim
accesserunt.
currus esset ductus a daret pro pietate, to bring,
taesum tior,
C. Div.
1.
;
mor-
27, 57.
filii,
praedicantur.
Nota fabula
filiis,
Ita
posita, corpora oleo
sacerdos advecta in fanum,
precata a dea dicitur, ut
quod maxifnum homini
illis
dari posset
perun-
quum
praemium
a deo.
Post,
m, midday sun. ferinus, a, um, wild, me perhad become very tired of, (from pertaedet). permepass over, rei capitalis damnare, to condemn for a
sol meridianus,
est alicujus rei, /
mensus sum Caupo,
4. to
sufFraglum,
capital offence. 9.
—
illam ad sollenne et statum sacrificium curru vehi
quos modo nominavi, veste
ii,
jugum
xerunt: ad
perterritus fugit
longe ab oppido ad fanum, morarenturque jumenta
satis
tunc juvenes
ille
Tropftonlus et Aga/medes.
Argiae sacerdotis, Cleobis et Bito, est.
:
caupo, re patefacta, poenas dedit.
:
i,
re.
onis, ?«. inn-keeper,
dead of night, i, m. teamster.
hospitium,
10. Arglus, a,
i,
potsherd
n. hospitality,
um, Argive.
;
devertor,
2) vote, voice. ti, 3. to
put up.
concubia nocte,
supra, adv. upon that,
solennis,e, customary, solemn,
bubulcus,
status, a,
um,
:;
^
320
cum
epulatos
NARRATIVES.
matre adolescentes somno se dedisse, mane inven-
— Simili precatione Trophonius
et Agamedes usi ditemplum exaedificavissent, venerantes deum, petierunt mercedem non parvam quidem operis et laQuibus Apollo boris sui, nihil certi, sed quod esset optimum homini. se id daturum ostendisse dicitur post ejus diei diem tertium qui ut
tos esse mortuos.
quum
cuntur: qui,
Apollini Delphis
:
mortui sunt
illuxit,
reperti.
—
C. Tusc.
Dolus Pythii.
11.
Romanus, quum
C. Canius, eques
113, 114.
1. 47,
se Syracusas otiandi (ut ipse di-
cere solebat), non negotiandi caussa, contulisset, dictitabat, se hortulos
em ere, quo invitare amicos, et ubi se posset. Quod quum percrebuisset,
aliquos velle pellatoribus
oblectare sine inter-
Pythius
quidam,
ei
qui argentariam faceret Syracusis, dixit venales quidem se hortos habere, sed licere uti Canjo,
vellet, ut
si
suis
:
et
non
simul ad coenam
hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem. Quum ille promisistum Pythius, qui esset ut argentarius apud omnes ordines gi*atio-
set,
ad se convocavii
sus, piscatores
postridie piscarentur
tempore venit Canius
barum
ab
et
petivit, ut
iis
ante suos hortulos
:
opipare a Pythio apparatum convivium
ante occulos multitudo
Tum
Canius
:
Quid mirum ?
cium
:
hie aquatio
Hoc
inquit.
hac
:
villa isti
loco
est,
carere
Emit homo cupidus
voluit, et
emit instructos
familiares suos
ex proximo
?
non possunt. Gravate
num
sacrificium,
i, 71.
C=Caius.
low banking. loved,
The
known,
5/icr«/ice.
ille,
sed hie piscari nuUi of burden, exaedifico 1.
peiun-
']vxmer\\.wrc\^\.n. beast
precatio, onis, /. prayer.
to build.
hortulus, i, m. a little garden m. disturber, percrebesco, creargentaria, ae,/. banking ; argentariam facere, to folinterpellator, oris,
vendXis., for sale,
abjTcio, eci,
2) boat.
Canius postridie
:
ectum
qui esset, since he was.
appSro 3. to cast
aquatio, onis, /. watering -place,
m.thowl;
Invitat
Pythius
scalmum nullum videt. Quaerit quaedam piscatorum essent, quod eos
feriae
opipare, adv. splendidly.
for himself. fish?
negotium conficit
Quid
primo.
oi\or I. to be unoccupied,
2) small country house, bui, to become
Et
Incensus Canius ille
et locuples tanti, quanti
Nullae, quod sciam, inquit
go, xi, ctura 3. to anoint, 11.
:
venit ipse mature
vicino,
nuUos videret stated,
;
inquit,
Syracusis quicquid est pis-
cupiditate contendit a Pythio, ut venderet.
multa ? impetrat.
Quaeso,
cymbarum?
quid est hoc, Pythi? tantumne piscium, tantumne :
cym-
:
pro se quisque quod ceperat, afFerebat
:
ante pedes Pythii pisces abjiciebantur.
ille
Ad coenam
dixitque, quid eos facere vellet.
:
1.
to
prepare,
down, villa,
qviodsc\dimyas far as I know.
Infin. here stands for stomachatur.
gratiosus, a,
um,
be-
pro se quisque, each
tantumne piscium ae, country-seat,
^
so
many
scalmus,
i,
sioma.cha.Ti, to be indignant.
formula, ae,/. legal form.
NARRATIVES. Itaque
soleut.
321 Stomachari Canius.
mirabar, quid accidisset.
lieri
Sed quid faceret ? nondum enim Aquillius protulerat de dolo malo formulas.— C. Off. 3. 14, 58—60. Ardtus.
12.
Aratus Sicyonius jure laudatur,
qui,
quum
aiinos a tyrannis tenerelur, profectus Argis troitu
urbe est potitus,
ejus civitas quinquaginta
Sicyonem, clandestino
quumque tyrannum Nicoclem improviso
sisset,
sexcentos exsQles, qui fuerant ejus
tituit,
remqiie publicam adveutu suo
in-
oppres-
civitatis locupletissimi, res-
Sed quum magnam
liberavit.
quod
animadverteret
in bonis et possessionibus
quos ipse
quorum bona alii possederant, egere iniquissimum quinquaginta annorum possessiones moveri non nimis quod
putabat, propterea
tarn longo spatio
multa hereditatibus,
multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuria
neque
illis
Quum
igitur statuisset,
admi, nee
Alexandrlam se
suum nit,
jussit esse
qui
non
iis
:
velle
isque celeriter ad Ptolemaeum,
summus
principes, et
cum
derent;
aliis,
consilium quindecim
ut
perfecitque aestimandis possessionibus,
:
querela discederent.
Ita
perfectum
in nostra republica natus esset 12. Sicyonius, Sicyonian,
!
O
— C.
est, ut
virum
factum
clandestinus, a,
3. to
make
qui
Off. 2. 23, 81, 82.
um,
possideo, sedi, sessum 2. to possess,
satisfacio, feci,
omnes, concordia con-
magnum dignumque,
(from Sicyon, a city of Achaia).
Jlrgos^ chief city of Arorolis.
3. to explain.
ex-
ut
stituta, sine
tance,
quum
a rege op-
pecuniam accipere mallent, possessionibus cecommodius putarent, numerari sibi, quod tanti esset,
aliis,
recuperare.
unexpectedly,
;
quibus caussas cognovit et eorum, qui aliena tenebant,
quam suum
m.
hospitem, ve-
Cui
caussamque docuisset
attulisset, adhibuit sibi in
eorum, qui sua amiserant
ut persuaderet
judicavit,
impetravit, ut grandi pecunia adjuvaretur.
facile
Sicyonem
suum
post Alexandriam conditam.
posuisset, patriam se liberare velle,
Quam quum
:
quorum ilia fuerant, oportere. ad earn rem constituendam pecunia, dixit, remque integram ad reditum
satisfieri,
opus esse
proficisci
tum regnabat alter
ulento vir
et eos,
restituerat,
arbitrabatur, et
aequum
difficultatem,
satisfaction.
secret,
Argi, orum,
improviso, adv.
hereditas, atis,/. inheri-
expono,posui,positum
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
The numbers 1 2, 3, 4 written after the verbs, denote the conjugation which they follow the numerals, which are introduced in § 33, and the prepositions which are introduced in § 34, are omitted. The adjectives of three endings in us., o, mw, instead of their endings have the figure 3 after them. ,
:
absumo, sumpsl, sump- accuse
A.
Abduco,
ctum
xi,
3.
turn 3. to consume.
1. to
complain
of,
accuse.
draw abundo, 1. c. abl. to acer, eris, n. maple-tree. have an abundance of, acer, cris, ere, sharp, abSo, li, itum A. to go zealous, fierce. a6oMnc?m( something). away, depart. abutor, usus, sum 3. c. acerbus 3. bitter, punabhorreo, ui 2. ah. c. gent. abl. to use up; 2) lead away,
to
away.
abl.
shun, to have
to
a strong aversion something). 3.
to
drive away.
abominor abrlpio,
ripui,
tis,
vi,
complete,
Academy,
/.
cessum
sum,
di,
acceptus
absent.
utum
3. to
charge.
off,
sum,
2.
away,
take
remove.
abstinens,
tis,
temperate.
abstineo, tinui,
tentum
keep off; abl. to abstain,
2. to
fui, esse,
absent, to be removed;
nihil
abest,
multum)
(non
to
that.
dat.
increase,
to
actio, onis,/. action.
m,utumS. to shar-
acus, us, f. needle. acute, adv. sharply, ac3. sharp, pointed,
acute.
adaequo adamas,
aug- addo,
1. to level to.
antis,
m. dia-
recline
by,
bitum
adduco,
{at
bring
3.
xi, to,
ctum
3.
to
induce.
very.
adeo,
ly,Jully.
sum
3. to
add.
adeo, adv. so much, so
accurate, adv. accurate-
accuratus
to,
1, to
to sit
ditum
dldi,
join
ment.
abest, quin, accurro,
wants nothing [not
much),
3.
table).
to be
acriter, adv. spiritedly.
mond. filed to, suited to. accresco, evi, etum 3. addictus 3. devoted to.
2) c. accubo, bui,
(from
something).
absum,
ceptum
accommodatus 3. c.
'z)
utely.
to take, receive. si,
;
line-of-battle.
acutus
happens.
dis- accipio, cepi,
to
edge
/.
pen.
3. received.
3. to accidit 3. it
m. Achilles.
is,
ei,
aciio,
to hasten.
1.
away, carry accendo,
2)
abstergeo,
it
as.
enkindle, inflame.
absolve,
wipe
and ;
S. to approach.
reptum accelero
off.
absens,
Academia,
h),
accedo, cessi,
1.
3. to take
(never before acies,
a vow^el or
actum
abigo, egi,
Achilles,
abuse.
(to ac, conj.
3. exact.
cucurri, to
hasten up.
to,
ii,
itum
cur- adhibeo 2.
run up,
to
4. to
come
approach. to apply, he-
stow, give.
adhuc, adv. as
yet, stiU.
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. adjac^o, lie
2. c. dat. to
iii
upon, hy, near (a
adsum,
esse
fui,
c. dat.
present at (some-
to he
emtum
to take, take
3. adulatio, 6nis,/.^a<
away.
adipiscor, adeptus
adulor
sum
aditus, us, m. approach.
m.
adjutor, oris,
assis-
tant.
utum
adjuvo, uvi,
c.
1.
aerumna, ae,/ Wcfe^ip.
dat. to fiat- aes, aeris, n. hrass.
1. c.
Aeschlnes,
ter.
adulterinus
3. to obtain.
aequus 3. just, equal aequus animus, equanimity.
thing), to he present.
thing).
adimo, emi,
323
3.
false,
m. MscM-
summer.
aestas, atis, /.
counterfeit.
ustum 3. to set on fire, hum. advenio, veni, ventum aduro,
is,
nes.
ussi,
aestlrao
to
1.
value, es-
teem.
aestivus 3. pertaining to
aestivum summer ; 4. to come to, arrive. tempus, summer seaadvento 1. to approach. son. admirabilis, e, admira- ad\entus,us, m. arrival. admiratio, onis,/. admi- adversarius, i, m. oppo- aetas, atis, f age, period. ace. to aid, assist, sup-
port.
[hie.
ration.
aeternitas, atis, /. eter-
nent.
admiror 1. to admire. nity. adversus, 3. placed admisceo, iscui, istum against, contrary, op- aeteinus 3. eternal. or ixtum 2. to interposite res adversae, afFabilitas, atis, /. afi^a;
mingle.
adversity.
admodum, adv. admoneo 2. to
adverto,
very.
admjon-
turn
1. to
sum
3. to endeavor.
aedilis,
adolescentulus,
young man,
wi.
i,
youth.
grow
turn 3. to
up.
ortus
m. Edile.
to attack,
adorno
4.
undertake.
1. to
put in
grum,
di,
ivi,
difficulty ;
aemulor
1.
aegre
affluenter,
dance.
3.
aeque like
—
atque
(ac),
—
manner
aequiparo
uxum
afffiio, uxi,
3. to
fiow to ; overflow, have an abundance. Afranius,
Aeneas, ae, m. Mneas.
itum
ectum
abun-
adv.
to affulgeo, si 2. to shine.
ace.
c.
3. aequalis, e, equal.
to adopt, receive.
adspicio, exi,
adv. reluctantly,
with
sum
to ascend.
adscisco,
sick,
i.
m.
Afra-
nius.
aenigma,atis,n. emg?na. Africanus,
der, adorn.
adscendo,
3. to
dantly. aegritudo, inis, /. sickaffluentia, ae, /. abunness, sorrow.
emulate.
or-
ectum
Part. afFectus
afflicto 1. to afiiict.
aegrotus, 3. sick.
sum
;
ship.
li.to build.
fero, to he dissatisfied,
ador, oris, n. wheat. adorior,
affect
3. affected.
is,
aegre,
adolesco, adolevi, adul-
pi.
3.
hring.
to,
afflcio, eci,
to. ;
hear
n. edifice, affinltas, atis,/. relation-
i,
adolescens,tis,m.t/0Mng- aeger, gra,
man, youth, young.
hasten
/. temple
aedificium,
adnitor, nixus or nisus aedifico
allatum
3. to afFero, attuli, to
admoveo, movi, motum aedes, is, 2. c. dat. to hring up house. to.
hility.
sum
to.
advolo
ish.
ti,
i,
to.
Africa-
nus.
in
as.
1. to equal.
Agamemno,
onis,
m.
Agamemnon. ager, gri, m. field, land.
atis,/ equity.
Agesilaus, i, m. Agesiupon, discover, aequo 1. to equal. laus. adstringo, inxi, ictum 3. aequor, oris, n. surface, agger, eris, to. rampart. to draw up tight ; 2\ espec. surface of aggredior, gressus sum 3. aquitas,
to look
:
hind, to
make binding.
the sea.
3.
rem,
to
approach,
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
324 begin something
;
2)
agmen,
alius
—
an- amplus
alius, one,
other.
attack,
n.
inis,
band,
al,
exi,
allicio,
ectum
3.
to allure.
Jlock.
bruad
3.
liber-
magnificent.
amussis, is,/, a rtde (of mechanics),
agnosco, novi, nitum 3. alligo 1. to fasten, tie an, (in questions) or. up. anas, atis, /. a duck. recognize. ago, egi, actum 3. to Allobroges, um, m. Al- anceps, cipitis, twofold, lobroges. make, do, pass ; agere annum, to be in alloquor, cutus to address. the year ; age, come
double, doubtful.
drive,
sum
3.
Anchises,
ae,
alo, alui, (alltum) 3. to apcilla, ae,/.
on. agricola, ae, m. husband-
m.
An-
chises.
nourish.
a maid.
ancillaris, e, pertaining
aloe, es,/ th^aloe. man, farmer. to a maid, sei-vile. Alpes, ium,/ Alps. ango, xi, 3. to trouble. Ajax, acis, m. Ajax. aio, I say, say yes, assert, alter, era, erum, the one angor, oris, m. vexation.
angulus, i, m. an angle, utrum, angustiae, arum,/. ?iarone of the two. row pass. altitudo, inis, /. height, angustus 3. narrow. depth. animadverto, ti, sum 3. or other of
affirm.
alacer, ens, ere, spirited, alteruter, lively.
Albis,
albus
is,
m.
the Elbe.
3. white.
Alcibiades,
m. Aid- altus
is,
tivo.
utra,
3. high, deep.
to observe, perceive.
animal,
alvus, i,/. belly.
biades.
Alexander,
dri,
m. Alex- amabllis,
amarus
ander.
animus, mind,
amiable.
e,
3. bitter.
animal.
alis, n. i,
m. soul,
heart,
spirit,
courage.
ivi, itum 4. to annulus, i, m. a ring. around (some- annus, i, m. a year. thing), surround. anser, eris, m. a goose. ambo, ae, o, both. ante, adv. before.
Alexandria, ae, Alexan- amblo,
go
dria.
algeo,
si 2.
to feel cold,
freeze. alias,
adv.
another ambulatio,
at
alicunde, adv.from some place or other.
a antea, adv.
ambulo
go
1. to
walk,
friend-
amo
time.
aliquando,
adv.
1.
is,
3.
m. 3.
od, some one. aliquot [indecl.), some.
aliunde, adv.
ud,
from ananother
antiqultas, atis,
/
an-
tiquity.
Antonius, inis,
/
thority, dignity.
au- anus, us,
ther.
i,
/
m. Antony. old ivoman.
anxie, adv. anxiously.
ampllus, adv. more, fur- aper, ;
before
agreeable, antiqultus, adv. ancient-
cherish.
other source, place.
conj.
amor, oris, m. love. ly, formerly. amplexor 1. to embrace, AnUstius, i,m. Antistius. amplitude,
aliter, adv. otherwise.
to prefer.
antequam,
Antiochia, ae,/ Antioch.
river.
pleasant (of
countries),
time.
aliquis, a, id or aliqui, a,
to
(some one).
that, ere, before.
to love.
amoenus
some
go
before, be superior
turn 3.
missum
to lose.
aliquamdiu, adv. a long amnis,
3. c. dat. or ace. to
antepono, posui, poslm. friend.
i,
alienus 3. foreign, an- amitto, misi, other^s.
/
ship.
amicus,
try.
a,
to
to stroll.
gerfrom another coun-
before.
antecedo, cessi, cessum
alienigena, ae, m. stran- amicitia, ae,
alius,
/
onis,
walk.
time.
pri,
boar.
m. boar, wild
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. rtum
aperio, rui,
4. to
a bow.
arcus, us, m.
assidiius 3. unremitting^
openj (caput) to un- ardenter, adv. glowingcover
apertus
;
3.
ly,
sum
si,
persevering.
assuefacio, fbci, factum
ardently.
ardeo,
open.
2.
to
burn, glow.
aperte, adv. openly.
325
accustom
3. c. dat. to to.
ardor, oris, m. keat, de- assuesco, evi, etum 3. m. summit. c. dat. or abl. to dcsire. a bee. Apollo, inis, m. Apollo, area, ae, f. open space. custom one's self to, be accustomed to ApoUonia, ae, /. Apol- argenteus 3. of silver. (something), Ionia. [evident, argentum, i, n. silver ;
apex,
icis,
apis, is,f.
appareo
2. to appear^ be
appello
1. to call.
appeto,
ivi,
itum
3. to
strive to obtain.
appetens,
ntis,
vivum,
arg.
astutia,
gen.
c.
dat
si,
sum
3.
c.
to applaud.
applico
at, conj. but, yet.
argumentum,
Athenae,arum J". Athens.
n. con-
i,
Atheniensis,
tents.
m. Aristi-
is,
is,
;
m. Aris- Atlas,
antis,
1. to
n. arms.
self to
(some- arrideo,
thing).
si,
aj)pdno, posui, positum ars, tis,/ 3. to place by, before, artifex,
Aprilis,
sum
2.
c.
is,
m. April.
tum
3. to
give (dkti-
tion.
attentus 3. attentive.
art.
icis,
di, to,
attente, adv. attentively.
skilful
;
attero,
tritum
trivi,
3.
to impair, exhaust.
subst. artist.
artus, us, m. joint, limb. Atticus 3. Attic, inhab-
Aruns, arvum,
proach.
m. Atlas.
frightful, bloody.
dat. to smile upon.
approbo 1. to approve. appropinquo 1. to ap-
an Athe-
atrox, 6cis,/erce, violent.,
plough.
proach, join one^s self Arpinas, atis, m. inhab- attendo, to (some one)j apply itant of Arpinum. attend one^s
Atkerii-
e,
subst.
atque, conj. and, as.
totle.
se applicare, to ap- aro
ian
nian.
Aristoteies,
upon ; arma, orum,
1. to rest
ae,/ cunning,
Argo, us,/ theArgo.
eager for something. Aristides, appetitus, us, m. desire. des.
applaudo,
quicksil- Assyria, ae,/. Assyria.
ver.
ntis,
n.
i,
itant of Attica. m. Aruns. a ploughed Atticus, i, m. Atticus.
aptus 3. c. dat. or ad c. attingo, igi, actum 3. feld. ace, ft, ftted. arx, cis,/ citadel. to touch. aqua, ae,/ water. as, assis, m. an as (a auctor, oris, m. author, aratrum, i, n. a plough. Roman copper coin.) adviser ; me auctore, arbitror 1. to think, to ascendo, di,
(one some-
account
sum
3. to
ascend, mount.
ascensus, us, m. ascent.
thing).
upon my
advice.
auctoritas, atis,
/
au-
thority.
a tree. asinus, i, m. an ass. audacla, ae, / self cona secret, asper, era, erum, rough, fdence. [bold. m. an Ar- aspernor 1. to spurn. audax, acis, confident,
arbor, oris,/
arcanum,
i.
n.
Areas, adis,
asporto
cadian.
arceo, ui 2. to keep arcesso,
ivi,
itum
off.
3.
to
]
.
assentior,
to carry
sensus
away, aud^o, ausus
sum
4. c. dat. to assent to.
send for, bring. assequor, secutus Archias, ae, m. Archias. 3. to attain.
Archimedes, chimedes.
is,
m. Ar- assido, edi, essum to sit doum.
sum
sum
audio
4. to hear.
auditor, oris, m. hearer. auffero, abstuH,
3.
2. to
dare, venture.
3. to
away.
ablatum
take away, bear
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
326 augeo,
ctiim
xi,
augurium,
beatus
augury,
n.
i,
]
did.
Augustus,
buty rum,
py.
i,
laugh.
praise.
aureus 3. golden. ne/icence. Aureus, i, m. Aureus beneficium, (mountain).
beneficus
1. to listen.
ausplcor
1. to
either
n. kind-
i,
—
—
^aut,
3. beneficent.
sentence).
auxilium,
m. axdumn.
i,
i,
bibliotheca,
n.
aid;
auxiliary troops.
avarus
3.
gen. ava- bidiium,
c.
ricious, covetous, gree-
dy.
aversor
1.
to shun.
averto,
ti,
sum
turn away,
3.
to
avoco
a
1.
avus,
j,
tojly away.
m. a grandfa-
ther.
axis,
is,
m. an
axle.
B.
[bodied.
double-
Ion.
beard.
3.
basis,
/ foundation,
is,
barbarian.
aris,
cere-
m. Caesar
;
emperor.
Caius Marius, Marius.
sum
calculus, 4. to
Caius
misfortune,
caleo 2.
i,
worm. atis,
/
a spur.
m. pebble.
to be
f
warm, darkness.
m. a cup. callidus 3. cunning. good- Callisthenes, is, m. Cal-
m.
ycis,
the calix, icis,
listhenes.
3. g-oorf
;
bonum,
calor, oris, m. heat.
i, n. the good, good, calyx, ycis, m. the bud. Boreas, ae, m. Boreas, camelus, i, m. camel. north udnd. campus, i, m. a plain. bos, ovis, c. ox, cow. canalis, is, m. a caned.
(sc.
;
tempore),
is, c. a dog. a cannabis, is,/ hemp.
brevi, canis,
in
short time, soon.
ae,/
an
caligo, inis,
Bactra, orum,n. Badra. Britannus,
barbarus
2)
calcar, aris, n.
ness.
bonus
/
mony.
ity, loss,
.
f the gall.
fatter.
bonitas,
caesum
cecidi,
3. to fell, to kill.
n. the space calamitas, atis,/.caZam-
i,
brevis, e, short
Babylon, onis,/ Baby-
barba,
3.
blandior, itus
silk
bird.
1. to call off.
avolo
bibitum
oris,
gen. desir- bombyx,
ous, greedy. avis, is,/,
ready to fall,
caerimonia, ae, li-
blande, adv. gently.
to avert.
3. c.
little
ae, /.
of two days. bilis, is,
avidus
caedo,
a
to drink.
bicorpor,
avaritia, ae,/. avarice,
3.
3. blind.
Caesar,
bibi,
3.
caedes, is,/, slaughter,
brary.
pi. bibo,
casum
happen.
falling.
caecus
conj. but
autumnus,
caducus
be-
2. kind.
(takes bestiola, ae, /. the second place in animal. its
f
bestia, ae,/. beast.
or.
corpse.
to fall,
nevolence.
benignus
inis, n. to;?.
cado, cecidi,
benevolentia, ae,
commence.
aut, conj. or; aut
cacumen,
cadaver, eris, n. carcass,
benevole, adv. kindly,
n. gold.
ausculto
autem,
6e-
ness, favour.
auris, is,/, the ear. i,
/
beneficentia, ae,
ae, f. court.
aurum,
n. butter,
i,
war.
n.
i,
a plough-
/.
pre- bellus 3. hecmtiful, neat.
tus. Siuisi,
is,
tail.
C. bene, adv. well, rightly. Cachinnatlo, onis, f. m. Augus- benedico 3. c. dat. to loud, unrestrained
to divine,
.
hap-
3. peaceful,
bellum,
divination.
auguror
buris,
to beate, adv. peacefully,
2.
increase, enrich.
i,
m. a Bri-
cano, cecini,
canto
ton.
cantum
3.
to sing. 1. to
sing.
Brundusiixni/i. n.Brun- cantus, us, m. song.
Canusium,
dusium. Brutus,
i,
m. Brutus.
sium.
i,
n.
Canu-
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. capesso, seize
itum
ivi,
3. to
proelium,
;
commence capillus,
to
battle.
m. the hair.
i,
capio, cepi,
captum
on one's guard, circumdo, d6di, datura, dare, to place around, ab aliquo, before some surround, (c. dat. of one ; 2) establish, propers. and ace. of [to give way. vide. to he
cessum
cede, cessi,
3.
capto
quented.
n.head, chap-
itis,
chief
ter,
thing,orc.acc.ofpers.
and abl. of thing), circumeo (circueo), li, great itum 4. to go around.
number, great multi- circumsedeo, sedi, ses-
to catch.
caput,
,
catch, strive celebrltas, atis, /.
1. to
3.
bre, fre-
to take, seize, capture, celeber, bris,
capra, ae,/, she-goat.
327
sum
tude.
celebro
city.
2. to
carbasus, i,f.Jlax. circumspicio, celer, eris, ere, swift. spectum 3. career, eris, m. a pmon. celeritas, SiXis, f. celerity, cardo, inis, m. hinge.
around,
sit
besiege.
1. to celebrate.
to look
swiftness.
spexi,
around
something). want, eelerlter adv. sudftly. celo 1. e. dupl. aec. to eircumsto, 6ti stand around. caritas, atis, /. love. conceal. carmen, inis,/ poem. censeo, sui, sum 2. to cito, adv. quickly, careo
(after
2. c. abl. to
Caria, ae,/. Caria.
csoco,
ace.)
(c.
vatv£, account, think,
ca.Yms,f.fesh.
m. Charles. Centaurus, carpentarius i, m. wheeltaur. Carolus,
i,
cerasum,
unight.
Carthago,
inis, /.
m. a Cen-
n. cherry.
is,
a Carthaginian.
judge.
to see,
eertamen,
3. beloved, dear.
3.
con-
n.
elades, is,/, defeat.
clamo
clamor,
cassis, idis,/. helmet.
certo, 1. to contend.
clare, adv.
pi.
(commonly
casses, ium),
?».
hunter^s net.
Cassius, eastigo castra,
i,
certus
certain, clarus
sure,
3.
eervus,
1. to reprove.
i,
chalybs, y bis, m.
claudo,
Christus,
fortune, chance.
ae,/
cibus,
chain.
i,
i.
cry.
cm[ed.
renown-
f feet.
si,
sum
3.
to
close.
clausus
steel,
casus, us, m. fall, mis- chorda, ae,/. string. catena,
m. a
clearly,
3. clear,
classis, is,
m. stag.
ceteri, ae, a, the rest.
n. camp,
oris,
dently.
definite, positive.
m. Cassius.
orum,
certo, adv. surely.
cry out.
'[.to
certe, adv. surely.
is
right
2)
of citizenship.
casa, ae,/. a hut.
cassis,
suh-
dtizen-
atis, /.
state;
ship,
[test,
inis,
bellum
;
war.
citizen,
c.
cherry-tree, civitas,
m. eerno, crevi, cretum
cim/
civile, civil
ject.
Ceres, eris,/. Ceres.
Carthaginiensis,
eivilis, e,
civis, is,
i,
Car- cerasus, i,/
thage.
earus
i,
to
1.
3. closed.
rlavis, is,/, key.
elemens, tis, mild. elementer, adv, mildly.
m. Christ,
m.food.
Cleomenes, is, m. CleoCicero, onis, m. Cicero. m. cabbage. menes. ciconia, ae,/. stork. Clitus, i, m. Clitus. Cato, onis, m. Cato. Clodius, i. m. Clodius. caussa, ae, /. ground, cicur, uris, tame.
Catilina, ae, m. Catiline, cicer, eris, n. chick-pea. caulis,
is,
cause,
civil
process
;
cieo, ivi,
itum 2.
to raise,
(with a gen. preced- cingo, xi, ctum gii'd, surround. ing) on account of.
cautus
3. cautious, care- cinis, eris,
cireulus,
ful.
caveo, cavi,
cautum
3.
cuit.
i,
3.
to
m. ashes. m.
circle, cir-
clypeus,
m.
i,
shield.
coactor, oris, m. collector.
coalesco, to
lui,
grow
coalesce.
litum 3.
together,
to
^ coaxo
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. croak.
1. to
to
cochlea, ae,/. a snail.
attend
to, cultivate,
revere, honor.
comperio, peri, pertum 1. to ascertain,
co\oma, ae,f. colony. codicilli, orura, m. writ- color, oris, m. color. ing-tahlet. columba, ae,/. dove.
compea, ed\s,f. a fetter. complector, exus sum
coelestis, e, heavenly.
colus, \,f. distaff.
compleo,
coelum,
comburo,
codex,
m. book.
Ic'is,
n. heaven.
i,
3. to embrace.
ustum toJiU. hum. complico,
ussi,
coena, ae,/. a meal. 3. to hum up, coeno 1. to partake of comedo, edi, esum 3. to eat, consume. food ; coenatus 3.
having
eaten.
coepi, pisse, to have be-
gun. coerceo
onis,/
courteous.
/
atis,
kind-
comitia,
think, con-
comltor
/
cognitio, onis,
know-
ledge.
known.
3.
derstand.
cogo, coegi, coactum
3.
as-
commemoro
1. to
cohaereo,
sum
si,
2. to
hold together.
cohortor
1. to
onis, /.
commendo
1. to
mend. committo,
misi,
sum
to put together, dispose; pacem, to es-
peace
comp.
otis,
colligo,
ectum
egi,
3.
to collect. collis, is,
m. a
1.
hSll.
in
abl. to
c.
place in, bestow
something.
colloquium,
i,
n.
ference.
colloquor, locutus
3.
to
recom-
miscommit to ;
collustro
sum
to
essi,
3.
essum
3.
surrender one's
self.
unite.
concino, inui, n.
ad-
vantage, use.
to
entum
3.
sing together, sound
together. to
1.
ha-
commonefacio, feci, rangue the people. factum 3. to remind, concipio, cepi, ceptum coramoneo 2. to remind, 3. to conceive, receive ; suspicionem, conceive
admonish.
change.
tum
include. ae. /.
harmo-
my. illumi- comoedia, ae,/. comedy, concresco, crevi, 3. to
comparo
nate.
colo, colui,
ctum
to allow, confess, 2) to
como, compsi, comp- concordia,
n. neck. 1.
xi,
to prick.
concilio 1. to concUiaie,
commoditas, atis,/. coni,
of.
upon commoveo 2. to move. a suspicion. communis, e, common, concito 1. to excite, raise. conknown by all. conclamo 1. to call out. commutatio, onis, /. concludo, si, sum 3. to
S. to converse. i,
gen.
c.
3. to seize.
commodus S.convenient. concionor
incite.
se
;
in aliquid, to
set one's self right.
concedo,
commodum,
encourage,
plicatus 3. involved.
compungo,
commendation.
venience.
cohors, tis./. co^r^.
1.
corn-
men- compositus 3. composed. comprehend©, di, sum
2) to commit.
to compel.
atum
powerful, possessed
commendatio,
cognosco, novi, mtum 3. to become acquainted until, perceive, un-
avi,
to fold together ;
accompa- compos,
to
1.
tion.
cognitus
collum,
n.
ny.
»irfcr.
colloco
orum,
sembly of the people. to
1.
2.
tahlish
ness. re-
adv. ivith
Jlection.
cogito
e,
re/kc- comitas,
tion.
cogitato,
etum
cometes, ae, m. comet, compliires, a or ia, gen. ium, very many. comicus 3. comic ; poetsi comicus, comic poet, compono, sui, sltum 3. comis,
2. to restrain,
cogitatio,
evi,
cultum
3.
acquire.
1.
comb, adorn.
to prepare,
tum
3.
gether.
to
grow
creto-
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. concupisco, pivi, pitum congrego
condemno
con-
to
1.
demn ; capiiis,to death. condimentum, i. n. seers-
rem
m.fel-
i,
graced.
conditio, onis,/.
condi-
itum
m
oris,
conservatrix,
icis, /.
preserver,
3.
to
conceal,
found.
essum
consido, edi,
to join.
spiracy.
conjuratus
lion. idi,
servation.
unite.
]. to
conjuratio, 6nis,y! con-
low-student.
preserve,
3.
piido- conservator,
in
;
conservo 1. to preserve. conjungo, nxi, nctumS. considero 1. to consider.
4. to season.
condiscipulus,
condo,
jectum
coniic'i, to be dis-
conjugo,
oning.
condio
throw
to
assemble. conservatio,6nis,/.p'C-
1. to
conjicio jeci,
3. to desire.
329
3. conspired^
down. consigno 1.
3.
to sit
note^
to
point out.
a conspirator. consilium, i, n. counsel^ connecto, exui, exum 3. deliberation, purpose, plan, wisdom.
to connect.
confectio, onis, /. mak- Cono, onis, m. Conon. consolatlo, onis, /. coning, composing. conor 1. to undertake, soling, consolation.
confero, contuli, collaturn 3. to bring
consolor
1. to
etum 3. consors,
tis c.
venture, try.
conquiesco,
console.
gen. partaking of. find consolation in some- conspectus, us, m. sight. 2) to confer (e. g. favors) ; se conferre, thing, conspergo, rsi, rsum 3. to betake one's self. consanesco, nui 3. to to besprinkle, strew. to-
gether, join, compare,
conficio, 3.
fectum
feci,
dude ;
2) to impair,
consume.
to
become well.
conspicio, exi,
sum,
mount up,
to
3.
to as-
cend.
sum
confido, Isus
3, c.
dat. or abl. to trust to,
1.
to
confirm.
ectum
/
conscientia, ae,
conspicor
1. to discover,
[cimus.
con- conspicuus
scious
gen. con-
conspi-
3.
sdousness, conscience, constanter, 3. c.
3.
to discover,
see.
consclus
confide in.
confirmo
abl.
c.
con- couscendo, di,
perform,
to
in
evi,
with
adv.
constancy, constantly.
constantia, ae, /. stead-
of
sum
consector 1. to pursue. fastness. 2.to acknowledge, con- consenesco, nui 3. to consterno, stravi, strafessus
confiteor,
ps,
grow
confligo, xi,
ctum
3. to
ment.
fight.
confluo,
fiow
xum
xi,
3. to
together.
confodio, odi,
ossum
3.
confringo, 3.
fregi, to
essi,
estum
nsum
4.
num cum be
sum
join together
hand
to
iti,
;
ma-
atum
abl. or ex
consist
sum
3. to follow, to attain, in consero, rui, rtum 3.
3.
utum
ui,
3.
constitute,
consto,
consentio, nsi,
to
congredior,gressus
fight.
suited
frac-
break
to collect together.
3. to
3.
consequor, secutus
form.
pieces.
congero,
consentaneus
to agree with. 1. to
3. to strew.
to establish, determine,
to.
to stab.
conformo
tum
tum
old.
consensus, us, m. agree- constituo,
c.
of;
some one.
c.
to
to
cost
;
known. constringo, inxi, ictum constat,
3.
to
it is
draw
togetlier,
bind together.
aliquo, to consuesco, evi,
hand with
1.
abl.
to
etum
accustom one's
3.
self,
be accustomed.
meet (with one), consero, sevi, situm 3. consuetQdo, inis,/. habto set
28*
with plants.
ity
intercourse.
;
330
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
'
consul, ulis, m. consul, contremisco, tremui 3. corrado,
consulatus, us, m. con-
hum
liii,
deliberate;
3. to
c.
;
consult for
to
some one.
naught.
to
gen. ac-
3. c.
quainted
mptum
consume.
contamlno
1. to
inate.
mp-
mpsi,
comtemplor
1.
con-
to
sider.
tum
di,
3. to
one's
stretch
stretch,
self, strive after
4.
to,
3. c. abl. con-
tented.
contero, to
trivi,
tritum
3.
conticesco, ticui
to
3.
to
inui,
entum
hold together
animam,
eat with.
burn.
1. to create,
cretum
;
to stop
crimen,
sum
ortus
crime m. hair.
inis, n.
4. crinis, is,
crinitus 3. hairy.
multitude
crucio
pi. troops.
3.
abundant
;
2.
torment, tor-
cru dell tas, atis,/ cmeZ-
continiius 3. continuous. Corinthius
rtum
1. to
ture.
2) rich in expression, crudelis, e, cruel. fluent.
ty.
cruentus
3.
3. bloody,
to cruor, oris,
continiio, adv.forthwith. cor, cordis, n. heart.
rsi,
Croton,
opportu- cruciatus, us, m. torture,
;
the
to hurl, shoot.
Corin-
cubo,
itum
iii,
1. to re-
dine.
cuciimis,
thian.
Corinthus, i,/ Corin^^.
m. blood.
crus, uris, n. shin, leg.
eris,
m.
culina, ae,/. kitchen.
cornu, us, n. ^«m. contraho, axi, actum 3. corona, ae,/. garland,
culmen,
trary.
to
draw
together.
corpor6us
3.
Inis,
culpa, ae,
ti. i
f guilt, fault,
corporeal, cultus, us, m.
corpus, oris, n, body,
cu-
cumber.
contra, adv. on the con- corneus 3. of horn.
contrarius 3. opposite,
3.
grow,
tojly, hasten Creta, ae,/. Crete.
to arise, burst forth,
;
to
1.
creak.
to increase,
together.
nity
choose.
itum
ui,
to call togeth- cresco, crevi,
copulo 1. to join. breath; abstain. coqua, ae,/ a cook. contingo, tigi, tactum eoquo, xi, etum 3. 3. to fall to on£s lot. cook.
contorqueo,
3. credulous.
1. to
crepo,
tainment.
3.
to believe, to trust.
creo
enter-
n.
ditum
credo, dldi,
convivium,
copiosus
bt silent.
2.
crebro, adv. frequently. 3.
in pieces; copla, ae,/. abundance, Croto, onis, m.
contritus 3. threshed.
contineo,
cabbage.
eras, adv. tomorrow.
credulus
1. to
m. a crow.
i,
cos, cotis, /. whetaione,
cremo
coorior,
break
;
turn.
i,
rind,
grindstone.
around, turn
in locum, to convoco 1. ; march ; to contend er. ab aliquo, to demand, convolo 1.
rush to-
m.
icis,
ventum crambe, es,/.
rsum
rti,
3.
bark.
eonviva, ae, m. guest.
some- convivor
rectum
gether.
corvus,
vulsum
ace. to visit
converto,
cor-
to correct, improve.
3. cortex,
comje together
to
thing
contentus
ectum
3. to rend, convulse.
to turn
3. to despise.
contendo,
to
ry together.
c.
contemno,
tum
3. corrigo, rexi,
bring together, car-
convenio, veni,
contam-
onis, /.
[cover, corriio, ui 3. to
convello, velli,
ivith.
consumo, mpsi, 3. to
usum bring
convalesce, lui 3. to re-
lif.
to
3.
rection.
crush,
to
consulto, adv. designed- conveho, exi,
consultus
2. correctio,
to consider.
ace. to contundo, udi,
c.
consult some one dat.
sum
contueor, tuitus
sulship.
consulo,
sum
si,
scrape together.
to tremble.
to, clothing,
attention
worship.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. cumulo
heap up, decerno, crevi, cretum dejicio, jeci, jectum 3. to cast down. 3. to determine, dis-
to
1.
2Z%
load,
/a
delecto 1. to delight; cem. crcMfie. cunae, arum, pass. c. abl. to he dedecerpo, psi, ptum 3. cunctor 1. to delay. lighted, to rejoice. to pluck off, break off, cunctus 3. the whole ; deleo, evi, etiim 2. to take from. pi. all, all together. destroy, annihilate. cupiditas, atis,/. desire, decerto 1. to contend. cupidus 3. c. gen. de- decet 2. c. ace. it is delibero I. to deliberate, proper.
sirous.
cuplo, pivi, pitum 3. to declare
decorus 3. becoming decorum, propriety.
desire, imsh.
why
cur, adv.
consider.
?
cura, ae,/, care; curae decresco, crevi,
mihi
am
1
est,
anx-
ious.
curculio,
delictum,
1. to declare.
onis,
m.
the
;
i,
dellgo, egi,
n. offence.
ectum
3. to
select.
cretum Delphi, orum, m. Delphi.
3. to decrease.
decus, oris, n. honor.
Delphicus
dedecet
delinquo, iqui, ictum 3.
2.
ace.
c.
it is
3.
Delphic
not proper. to do wrong. dedico 1. to.dedicaie. delude, si, sum 3. to deceive. euro 1. to care ; c. ace. to dedo, idi, itum, 3. to deliver up. Delus (os), i. Delos be concerned, to look (an island). out for something; c. defatigo 1. to weary, to make weary ; pass, to Demaratus, i, m. Degerundive, to cause. become weary. maratus. curriculum, i, n. race defende, di, sum 3. to demerge, si, sum 3. to course, course.
corn-worm.
Curius,
i,
m. Curius.
/
curre, cucurri,
cursum
plunge under,
defend.
defere, detuli, delatum, demete,
3. to run.
deferre
currus, us, m. chariot.
cursus, us, m. a course, defervesce, custedia, ae,f. watch
custedie
to
4.
cease
guard,
cymba, ae,/.
abl.
damnum,
i,
condemn,
[to fail,
fectum
xum
3.
in
3. c.
to fix firmly, fix
definie
4. to define.
deflagre
n. injury,
ae,/ goddess. deambulo 1. to go
dea,
1.
to
misi,
missum
send down,
let
mpsi, mptum 3. away. demolier, itus sum 4. to take
to
demolish
demenstre
Demosthenes,
ugitura 3.
to point
m,
is,
Demosthenes.
bum up. demum, xum 3. to length.
turn from, deviate.
1.
out.
to
deflectd, xi,
[must, defugio, ugi,
walk.
deb6e
xi,
to
sum deme,
upon something.
D. 1. to
fessus
become weary, be
deficle, feci,
defige
3.
3.
down.
to demitte,
cease
sink.
ssum
fall.
wearied.
boat.
3.
raging. 3. to
Cyrus, i, m. Cyrus. Cyprus, i,/. Cyprus.
Damne
bui,
boiling,
defetiscer,
watch, keep. custes, odis, m. keeper,
to cut
3. to offer.
ssui,
denique,
adv. first,
adv. at
at
last,
finally.
c. ace. to escape. dens, tis, m. tooth. degener, ris, degenerate, densus 3. thick. decede, cessi, cessum deguste 1. to taste. dentatus 3. toothed, deinde, thereupon, then, denue, adv. anew. 3. to go away, die, December, bris, m. De- Deianira, ae, f, Deja- depasce, pavi, pastum cember. nira, 3. to feed down.
2. to
owe, ought,
debilis, e, weak.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. depono, posui, posjtum detraho, axi, actum 3. diligo, lexi, ler.tum 3. to 3. to lay down, lay to draw from, remove. esteem, love. aside. detrimentum, i, n. in- dilucidus 3. dear. deprehendo, di, sum 3. jury. diluo, ui, utum 3. forfidetrudo,
to seize, catch.
deprimo, pressi, pres-
sum
deus,
3. to depress.
depugno
1. to fight (for
or death). derideo, isi, isum life
di,
deseco,
psi,
3.
ptum
3. dialectica, ae,/. Zog-tc.
dialectus,
ctum
cui,
1.
rtum
3.
to
desiderium,
n. long-
i,
ing, earnest desire.
desidero
1. to
to fall
3.
1. to designate.
situm
stitum
stiti,
discindo, 3. to
difRcIlis, e, difficult. diffi-
3.
to
3.
in pieces,
rend.
fissum
3.
f
disd-
pline.
discipulus,
distrust.
cissum
cidi,
tear
disciplina, ae,
cidty.
sum
de-
discludo,
i,
si,
m.
disciple.
sum
3.
to
separate.
difFundo, fudi,
fusum 3.
disco, didici 3. to learn. discolor, oris, party-col-
to diffuse, disperse.
ored, variegated. despair of. digero, essi, estum 3. to discordia, ae,/ discord. spexi, specseparate, digest.
1. to
despicio,
digitus,
3. to despise.
utum
destituo, ui,
uctum
destruo, uxi,
dignus 3.
desum, fui, esse, to be wanting ; c. dat. rei, to neglect.
detect.
deterreo
3.
to
rsum
to
distin-
sum
3.
[pieces, 1.
to
tear
in
tis, diligent.
detestabilis,e,(i!efe5toWe.
diligentia,
ae,
/
gence, exactness.
dili-
some
inis,
n. dis-
tinction, danger.
ussum
3.
to disperse, to dispel. 3. eloquent.
disjicio, jeci,
jectum
3.
to scatter.
dispar,
aris,
unequal,
diverse.
frighten diligenter adv.diligently. dispello, puli,
deter.
aliquo,
one.
away, disap- disertus
pear.
dilrgens,
cum
discutlo, ussi,
guish.
2. dilanio 1. to lacerate.
off.
2.
to
dilabor, lapsus
dilacero
rsi,
wipe
1.
1.
to disagree with
discrimen,
deserving.
to glide
ctum .
detergeo,
3. c. abl. worthy,
dijudico
to destroy.
xi,
discordo
m. finger.
i,
3. to dignltas, atis,/. dignity.
desert, leave behind.
from,
m. day.
ei,
m.
us,
parture.
to split.
to desist, cease.
to
say often.
to
.
3. to diffindo, fidi,
cease.
3. to
discessus, 1
difFido, isus
sii,
cessum go away, depart.
discedo, cessi,
difficultas, atis, /.
edi
3. to de-
to say, dirus 3. horrible.
tor.
long for, dies,
something.
detego,
ctum 3.
uium
iii,
stroy.
caU.
dictlto
want ofsoms-
feel the
despero
to dismiss.
3.
to plunder. diriio,
/. dialect.
dictator, oris, m. dicta-
desert.
tum
i,
Diana, ae,/ Diana. dico, xi,
off.
desero, rui,
desisto,
dimitto
devinco 3. to conquer. Dionysius, i, m. Dionydevoco 1. to call down. sius. devolo 1. to fiy forth, diphthongus, i, diphhasten away. thong. devoro 1. to devour. diriplo, ipui, eptum 3.
sum
to describe, note.
desino,
lay waste,
1. to
weaken.
lute,
dimico 1. tojight. dimidium, i, n. half.
to
to descend.
describo,
down. designo
to
3.
/
descendo,
desido,
i,
devasto
sum
si,
down. m. God.
2.
deride.
to cut
thrust
3.
to
drive
to dispel.
pulsum asunder,
;
,
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. dispergo,rsi,rsum
3. fo
displcio, exi,
open
to
documentum,i,n. ^roq/*. Dyrrhachium, doleo
disperse, scatter.
ectum
3.
2.
dissero, rui,
rtum
3.
to
discuss, discourse.
dissimilis, e, dissimilar. 1. to scatter.
dissolvo, vi,
utum
dissuadeo,
si,
distineo, inui,
3. to
sum
2. to
entum
2.
to hold from each oth-
draw asunder,
distribiio,
3.
dis-
utum
ui,
3.
a long
timje ;
diuturnitas, atis,/. Zong"
3.
m.
lord,
edo,
mas- edo,
domo,
Itum
ui,
1.
to
us,
f house, pal-
do mi,
horm
at
;
domo, /rom home. donee,
isum
3.
to
to
put
per'
form. edoceo, cui, ctum
2. to
instruct, inform.
edolo
hew properly
1. to
cunj. until, until
educo
1. to
even until.
educo,
xi,
bring up.
ctum
3.
to
nite.
effero, extuli,
xi,
ctum
efFicio, 3.
to
draw, lead away
as something. dulcedo, inis /.
elatum
3.
to carry forth, bury.
1. to dr^ubt.
2) to consider, regard
divide.
3.
proclaim,
to square.
tion.
lead,
3. different.
3. to eat.
itum
dono 1. to give, present. lead forth. effector, oris, m. maker, donum, i, n. present. efFeminatus 3. efftmidormio 4. to sleep.
duco,
itis, rich.
sum
di, idi,
forth,
long-con- dubius 3. doubiful.
tinned.
isi,
i,
ter.
dublto
continuance.
diuturnus
dominus,
dos, dotis, f. dowry, por-
diutius, Zong'cr.
divido,
echo, us,f. echo.
dence.
dominatlo, onis, /. do- edisco, didlci 3. to commit to memory. minion.
that,
c. dat. to distribute.
dives,
eburneus 3. of ivory, i, m.fravd. ivory. domesticus 3. domestic. domicilium, i, n. resi- ecclesia, ae, f. church.
ace.;
actum
solve, waste.
diversus
grief.
nctum 3. domus,
to distinguish.
distraho, axi,
diu, adv.
pain, Eblandior itus sum 4. to gain hy flattery.
m.
subdue.
occupy, detain.
distinguo, nxi,
to
E.
n. cellar.
[dissuade, dorninor 1. to reign.
dissolve.
er,
i,
oris,
dolus,
sension.
dissipo
n,
i,
Dyrrhachium.
pain.
displiceo 2. to displease, dolor, dissenslo, onis, /. dis-
grieve, feel
to
doliarium,
the eyes.
333
fectum
feci,
to effect,
make.
effloresco,
rui
to
[dig up,
flourish. effodio, odi,
siveet- efFiiglo,
3.
3.
ossum
fugi,
3. to
fugltum
ness, pleasantness. 3. c. ace. to flee away, arum,/, riches, dulcis, e, sweet, lovely. efTundo, udi, usum 3. do, dedi, datum, dare, dum, conj. while, so long to pour forth, throw to give, attribute ; litas ; with subj. until, off. teras dare, to write a untU that, so {as) long efFusus 3. unrestrained,
divinus
3. divine.
divitiae,
as
letter.
doc^o, cui,
ctum
2. to
teach, inform.
docilis, e, teachable.
provided
;
dumetum, i, dummodo,
doctrina, ae,/. doctrine, duro instruction, science.
lit
3. learned, versed
that.
a
thicket.
conj.
1.
durus dux,
1. to
eroL
double.
to last, endure.
3. hard.
cis,
c.
leader,
egeo, ui 2.
to
want, he
in want.
with egestas,
subj. provided that.
doctor, oris, m. teacher, duplico
ductus
n.
atis, /.
ego, pron. ejicio, eci,
want,
I.
ectum
3. to
cast forth.
ejulo 1. to complain,
gen- ejusmodi, of this kind, of like kind.
!
'
334
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
sum
elabor, lapsus
3.
emolumentum,
i,
away. vantage. elaborol.to bestow pains emorior, ortuus
n. ad- eruo,
to glide
upon
in
;
abl.
c.
to
elegans,
/
elegantla, ae,/. elegance.
elementum,
n.
i,
ele-
pur-
conj.
— —
both
m. En- etiam,
dymion.
—
and ;
et
et,
and,
so
[as)
as also.
well
onis,
conj. also.
etiamsi, conj. even
ctum
eneco, cui,
dig
3. to
hungry.
3. esurio 4. to be
[chase, et,
Endymlo,
elegant.
tis,
sum
to die.
occupy one's self with emptio, onis, something. en, adv. behold
utum
iii,
up.
1. to
if.
Etruria, ae, /. Etruria.
kill by inches, vex to etsi, conj. even if, almentary principle, letdeath. though. ter (of the alphabet). enim,/or (^ 101. R. 1). Europa, ae,/. Europe. elephantus, i, m. ele- enitor, isus or ixus sunt evado, asi, asum 3. to
ment, beginnings de-
phant.
draw elido,
one's self,
3. to exert
itum
ui,
elicio,
out,
3.
3.
to
dash, break, weaken. eligo, egi,
ectum
3.
ae,
f
out, become. niii 3. to dis-
m. sword. appear. enumero 1. to enumer- evello, velli, vulsum is,
to
ate.
itum,
ire, to
do- Epaminondas, ae,
3.
pluck out.
evenit 4.
to eo, adv. thither, so far.
select out, elect, choose, eo, ivi,
eloquentia,
go
evanesco,
strive.
ensis,
elicit.
isum
isi,
to
it
happens.
go. eventus, us, m. event, re-
m.
suit.
Epaminondas. everto, ti, sum 3. to eloquor, cutus sum 3. Epheslus 3. Ephesian. overturn, prostrate, deEphesus, i, /. Ephesus. to pronounce. stray. eluceo, xi 2. to shine Epicurus, i, m. Epicu- evito 1 to avoid. quence.
.
eludo, usi,
usum
3.
to
dude, deride.
emendo
1.
to
ementior, itus rsi,
i,
4. to
epulae,
rsum
3. to
eques,
meal,
horseman
;
1. to ride.
3. to
Itum
3.
to
send forth.
utum
3. to
sharpen.
exagito
cavalry, knight.
equidem, adv. indeed.
emensus sum equito
iii,
belch forth,
exaciio, ui,
itis, wi.
latum
unfold, bring out.
evomo,
letter.
arum,/ a
feast.
emerge, to work one's
1. to fly forth.
atis,n. epi- evolvo, Ivi,
m. epilogue.
improve, epistola, ae,/.
sum
self out.
emetior,
epigramma, epilogus,
state falsely.
emergo,
[gram, evolo
rus.
forth.
harass.
1. to
ex&men, ims,
n.
exammo
examine.
1. to
swarm.
to 4. measure off; equus, i, m. horse, steed, exanlmo 1. to deprive of travd through. Erechtheus, ei, m. Ereclife, to kill. emico, ui, atum 1. to theus. exardesco, arsi, arsum
gush forth. ergo, conj. therefore. emigro 1. to move out. erlplo, ipui, eptum 3. emineo, ui 2. to be emisnatch Jrom. emitto, misi,
missum
3.
erro
1. to
wander,
err.
send forth, thrust error, 6ris,wi. error; out. wanderings. emo, emi, emptum 3. eriidio 4. to instrud. to
to purclvase. 4. to soften.
erumpo,
rupi,
pi.
1. to
exaudio
4. to listen to.
3. c. abl. to
excello,
excelsus
iii
cessum
or ex
go forth,
ruptum excerpo,
3. to break forth.
[ion.
hew, fash-
exascio
erraticus 3. wandering, excedo, cessi,
nent.
emoUio
3. to take fire.
to
c. abl.
depart.
3. to excel.
3. elevated.
psi,
ptum
to take out, extrad.
3.
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. excessus, us, m. depar- exoro
to erUreat ear- exsul, ulis,
1.
obtain hy
nestly,
ture.
excido,
isum
idi,
3. to
335 an
c.
en- exsulto 1.
to
exUe,
leap
up,
exult.
treaty.
expedio 4. to disengage ; extemplo adv. immediately. se exp. to get ready. itum 2. or excio, ivi, itum 4. to expello, pull, pulsum 3. extenuo 1. to lessen. destroy.
excieo,
ivi,
excite, arouse.
exclpio,
3. to receive.
excito
1. to excite, raise.
exclamo
1. to
excludo,
usi,
cry out.
usum
3.
3.
excors, rdis, senseless. excusatio,
sum
onis,
wake up.
3. to
/
ex-
cuse.
sum 4.
gen. des-
rtis, c.
expeto,
to
expingo, nxi, ctum to paint out.
3.
2.
to
ivi,
exemplum,
i,
n.
exam- explode, clap
pie, instance.
exeo,
ii,
out,
itum,
exerceo
go
onis,/
cxer-
practice.
stum
si,
4.
to exhaust.
exhilaro
1. to exhilarate,
exigo, egi,
actum
1. to
3. to
3. outerrmst,
from
sum
si,
3.
to
thrust from, out.
exulcero 3.
adv.
without.
1.
to
make sore,
render worse. to
off.
exuo,
utum
ui,
draw
off,
take
3.
to
off.
F.
search out,
Faber,
m. artisan exposco, poposci 3. to (of each art); faber lignarius, carpenter. demand, request. exprimo, pressi, pres- fabricator, oris, m. makexplore.
exercltus, us, m. army,
exhaurlo,
drive
2.
explorator, oris, m. spy.
exploro
2. to exercise.
exercitatio,
me,
ire, to
go forth.
sum
si,
off,
rtum
last.
extrudo,
explain.
1. to
rsi,
to wrest from, extort.
extrinsecus,
strive to obtain.
c.
of
something.
extremus itum
3.
explico
pattern.
be afraid
extorqueo,
to ascertain, to try.
exedo, edi, esum 3. to expleo, evi, etum consume, corrode. exemplar, aris, n. modjUl up, fulfil. el,
ace. to
titute of.
to torment,
.
exter-
to
1.
minate.
arouse extern us 3. external. turn 3. to exterus 3. foreign. (from sleep). expergiscor, perrectus extimesco, mui 3.
expers,
to cultivate.
]
feci, fac-
experior, pertus
to shut out, hatch.
excolo, olui, ultum
excrucio
extermmo
to expel.
ceptum expergefacio,
cepi,
sum
.
3. to express.
exprobro
1. to
expugno
1.
exquiro,
er,framer.
reproach. Fabricius,
to take.
isivi,
bri,
isitum 3.
i,
m. Fabri-
cius.
fabiXla, ae, f. Jable.
facesso, ssivi, ssitum 3. to examine. pass (time). to make ; negotium, exiguus 3. little, paltry, exsilium, i, n. banishment. to make trouble, vex [become, be. eximius 3. distinguished, excellent.
exsisto,
existimatio, onis, /. es- exsors, timation,
opinion,
stiti 3.
rtis, c.
titute of.
to arise,
gen. des-
2) to
take one's self
off
facetus 3. delicate, witty.
exspecto 1. to expect, facile, adv. easily. judgment. await, wait. facilis, e, easy. existimo l.to esteem, conexstinguo, nxi, nctum facinus, oris, n. deed, sider one something. 3. to extinguish, obexordior, orsus sum 4. foul deed. literate, kill. facio, feci, factum 3. to to begin. make, to esteem. exorlor, ortus sum 4. to extruo, uxi, uctum 3. to erect, construct. factum, i, n. deed. appear, arise.
LATIN-ENQLISH VOCABULARY.
S0I5
facultas, 2it\3ff. faculty,
power.
ferrum
bum,
n. iron, sword, flagro 1. to
i,
gen. fertile, flam ma, ae,fjlame.
fertilis,e, c.
facundia, ae, f. fluency ferus 3. wild; ferae, flavus 3. yellow, fair. arum,/, wild beasts, fleo, evi, etum 2. to of speech fagus, i./. beech tree.
fessus
fallax, acis, deceptive. fallo,
falsum
fefelli,
to a family
;
i,
fa-
fastidio
m. servant,
m. bundle.
4.
ace.
c.
to
loathe, spurn. fatallter, adv.
according
f&MX, cia,
autum
base manner.
foedus
3. base, foul. foedus, eris, n. league.
n. leaf.
i,
to
3.
/
ae,
flgure,
ae,/. daughter.
i,
fornix,
m. vault,
icis,
arch.
fortasse, adv. perchance.
form.
2. c. fillus,
ing doors. foris, adv. ivithout.
trust.
m.
i,
little
son.
m. son.
by
adv.
forte,^
chance,
perhaps. fortis, e,
strong, bold.
be favorable fingo, finxi, fictum 3. to forttter, adv. bravely.
some one.
is,
felicitas, atis,
/
form, feign.
fortitiido,
finis, is,
m. end.
happy.
fio,
ferax, acis. c. gen. pro-
ductiveof. fere, adv. almost.
/
days.
holi-
to
fortui-
f fate, for-
tune.
factus
sum,
fieri to
fortunatus
be made, become, hap- foinim,
pen;
fieri
test,
quin,
non poit
is
f firmness.
thrust, firmlter, adv. firmly.
i,
3.
fortunate.
ae,/
foveo, ovi,
warm,
ditch.
otum
cherish,
ferociter, adv. fiercely.
ferox,
6c'i8, fierce.
ferrous 3. of iron.
to.
3. to
break, break in pieces;
den.
firmus 3. firm. flagitlum, i, n.foul deed. flagito 1. to
to
2.
attend
ferme, adv. almost. firmo 1. to render firm, fragilis, e, frail. fero, tuli, latum, ferre, strengthen, to har- frango, egi, actum to bear, bring, relate.
mar-
n. market,
ket place.
not fossa,
possible, but that.
[strike, firmltas, atis, ire,
adv.
tously.
ing.
arum,
ims,f bravery.
fortuito,
finlo 4. to finish.
happi- finitimus 3. neighbour- fortuna, ae,
ness. felix, icis,
river.
foris, is,/, in plur. fold-
sum
fisus
fi\i6\u8,
throat.
f. fever. fecundus 3. fruitful.
ferio,
ment.
f
to, favor
feriae,
confi-
m.
i,
foede, adv. basely, in a
fides, is,/, string; fidi- folium,
filla,
to
febris,
dat.
c.
have
fi-
;
dence in some one.
n.fate.
feveo, avi,
dat
habere
to trust,
2. figura,
to acknowledge, allow, i,
/ fidelity
fidus 3. faithful, true,
fassum sum
fatum,
dem
fido,
to fate. fateor,
ei,
inis, n. river.
bus canere, to play follis, is, m. bellows. on a stringed instru- fens, ntis, m. fountain.
n. temple.
fascis, is,
flumen,
fideliter, adv. faithfidly. fluvius
miliaris, subst. friend.
i,
account.
m. a flower.
flos, floris,
tree.
res fa-
;
of no
er
fidelis, e, faithful.
belonging fides,
jmlsins, property
wave.
festivus 3.fne, sprightly. ($88.9.) re- ficus, i and us, /. fg- floreo, ui 2. to bloom.
femilia, ae,f. family. familiaris, e,
weep. flo 1. to blow,
antness.
fama, ae, /. fame, nown, rumor. fames, is,/, hunger.
famulus,
fa-
3. festivitas, atis, /. pieas- flocci faeere, to consid-
to deceive.
falsus 3. /oZse.
fanum,
3. wearied,
tigued.
demand.
molis
frangere,
to
grind. frater, tris,
m. brother.
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. fraus, di8,f. fraud.
furor, oris, m. rage.
fi-emitus, us, m. noise,
fustis, is,
frenum,
Gordius,
m. a cudgel.
Graecia, ae,/. Greece.
G.
fretus 3. c. abl. relying
upon something.
Gallia, ae,/. Gaul.
frigidus 3. cold.
Gallus,
frigus, oris, n.
gallina,
frondosus
coZc?.
m. a Gaul.
i,
ae,
a hen,
/.
grandis, e, great
fowl.
3. leafy.
frons, ntis, f. forehead,
i. m. a Greek. Graecus 3. Greek. grammatfcus 3. grammatical ; grammaticuSyi^m. grammarian
Graecus,
frequent
\. to
of Got-
e,
tingen.
ni anc?frena)6iV, rein, futurus 3. /M^urc.
frequento
m. Gordins.
i,
Gottingensis,
n. [plur. fre- futilis, e. useless.
i,
337
garrio
;
natu
grandis, aged.
4. to chatter.
advan- garrulus 3. loquacious, granum, i. m. a grain. gaudeo, gavisus sum, grate, adv. gratefully. fruges, um, /. fruit (of gaudere c. abl. or de gratia, ae, /. favour. field and trees.) * c. abl. to rejoice. thank ; gratias agere, fructus, us, m. iage.
frugifer,
erum, gaudium,
era,
frumentum,
n. grain, gemitus, us,
i,
fruor, fructus or fruitus gener,
sum
c. abl. to en-
3.
gens,
frustra, adv. in vain.
m.
frutex, icis,
shrub
fuga, ae,
f flight. gitum
gi,
3.
c.
ace. to fee.
fugo
;
bushes, shrubbery,
fugio,
1. to
fulcio,
to
put
Isi,
to fight.
Itum
m. son-in-
1. to
produce.
gratulor
f
a people.
ulate.
gen.),
ntla,
genu, us,
ae, /.
Ger-
gestum
gessi,
3.
ness, dignity.
graviter,
adv.
fulmen,
displeased.
light- gesto 1. to bear.
i,
dancer.
3. to beget,
fundamentum,
n.
i,
foundation. fundltus, adv.
bringJorth,
from
fundo
1. to found. fundo, fudi, fusum
be
cer,
sum
gladius,
i,
3. glis, iris,
glorior
m. a rope.
gnarus
furiosus 3. raving.
1.
to
govern,
1. to taste,
rdish.
gladiator.
H.
m. sword.
m. a dormouse.
1. to
3.
gen.
bet,
it is
hold;
ha-
sese
; ;
bene ha-
well.
ac- habito 1. to dwell.
quainted unth. gnaviter, adv. zealously.
29
2. to have,
bere, to be
glory. c.
Habeo
consider
3. c. gloria, ae,/. glory.
furfur, uris, n. bran.
lot.
m. fen- gusto
the gladiator, oris,
abl. to discharge. is,
to
rule.
ice.
(of an army), to rout, globosus 3. globular.
funis,
graviter ferre,
guberno
to bear.
glacies, e\,f.
foundation, wholly.
fungor, nctus
heavily,
forcibly;
gigas, antis, m. giant, grex, gis, m. herd,fock. m. rope- gigno, genui, genitum gubernator, oris, m. pi-
ning.
funambulus,
2)
serious.
violently,
n.
;
gra vitas, ati8,f. serious-
fulgur, \ms,n. a fash of gestio 4. to make geslightning. tures, be transported. inis,
congrat-
to
1.
gravis, e, heavy, difficult
rical.
Germania, many.
to carry, carry on.
support.
on account of
gratus 3. agreeable
n. knee.
.
genus, eris,n. race, kind. [ly. grateful. geometricus S. geomet- grasaXe, adv. unwilling-
to gero,
4.
m. groan.
thank, give thanks
gratiam referre, to rcturn a favour ; gratia (with a foregoing
eri,
laiv.
genero
joy.
ip].
n. joy.
i,
gelldus 3. ice-cold, cold.
fruitful.
habitus,
us,
m.
hjabit,
bearing, condition.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
338
haesum Hispania,
haereo, haesi,
Hannibal,
m. Han-
alis,
ae,/. Spain,
historia, ae,/. history.
2. to adhere, to stick,
hodie, adv. to-day.
nibal.
harpago, onis, m. hook, Homerus,
homo,
grappling-iron.
haruspx,
m. sooth-
icis,
/
baud, adv.
honestus
haustum
4. to draiv.
hebdomas,
adis,
/.
blunt, dull,
etis, 4
hebesco
3.
to
gen. unac-
cowardice.
active,
sluggish, cow-
igneus S.Jiery. m. honor, ignis, is, to. /re.
post of honor, honor.
Horatius,
mmk
of igitobibs,
i,
unknown.
e,
ignominla, ae,
/
dis-
grace.
m. Horace, ignoro
i,
stupify, hordeurn,
to
1.
3. c.
quainted with.
honor.
oris,
become bora, ae,/ hour.
dull, torpid.
ihereforCj
hence.
ardly. 1. to
honos,
obtuse.
honorable, vir-
tuous.
a honoro
week.
conj.
honest, up- ignavus 3. indolent, in-
3.
right, ^
S. Jit, JUted.
igitur,
decently, ignavla, ae,/. indolence,
honorably, virtuously.
not.
edly.
idon^us
ignarus
m. man.
inis,
honest-dS,2itis,f.integrity.
spear.
hauiio, bausi,
hebeto
m. Homer.
i,
honeste, adv.
sayer.
hasta, ae,
bebes,
m. actor,
histrio, onis,
identidem, adv. repeat-
n. barley.
1.
know; know
not to
non ignorare,
to
weaken. borno, adv. of this year, perfectly well. Hector, oris, m. Hector, borrendus 3. dreadful, ignosco, novi, notum to pardon. herba, ae, f. herb. horreum, i, n. granary. ille, a, ud, that. Hercules, is, m. Hercu- borribllis, e, horrible. hortor
les.
1. to exhort.
3.
iliuc, adv. thither.
illucesco, luxi 3. to bem. garden. herilis, e, of, pertaining bospes, itis, m. a guest. come light, dawn. imago, inis, to a master. image. bostilis, e, hostile. imbecillus 3. weak. Herodotus, i, m. Hero- bostis, is, m. enemy.
bortus,
heri, adv. yesterday.
i,
/
imber, bris, m. shower, hue, adv. hither. rain. humanitas, atis, huimbuo, ui, utum 3. to heus, adv. ho there ! manity. immerse ; c. abl. to hibernus 3. belonging bumanus 3. human. to winter. humerus, i, m. shoulder, fit with, imbue. dotus.
herus,
i,
/
m. master.
.
hie,
humidus,
upon
this
humilis
pass
the
hie, haecj hoc, this
adv. here
;
;
humus,
occasion.
hiemo
1.
to
imitatio, onis,
moist.
e,
/
i,
ground, imitator, imltor
/
unnter.
hilaris, e, cheerful.
bilarltas, atis, /.
hilari-
bilariter, adv. cheerfully,
Ibi, adv.
at
that,
place,
there. ici,
strike
m. imita-
;
1.
c.
ace. to im-
immanis, e, immaturus
vast, cruel. 3.
unripe,
immature, untimely. ictum 3. to (of a league), immemor, oris, c. gen.
to conclude.
joyfully.
oris.
itate.
I.
ico,
ty.
imvla-
tor.
earth.
winter.
hiems, emis,
/
tion.
low.
[count.
unmindful.
on that ac- immineo 2. to threaten, llipinas, ae,m. Hippias. idem, eadem, idem, immo, adv. yes rather, birundo, Inis, / swalnay rather, on the conpron. the very same, binnio
low,
4. to
neigh.
idcirco, adv.
same.
trary.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. immoderalus
intern-
3.
ing
gen. unac- indulgentia,
c.
;
quainted with.
perate.
339 ae, /.
in-
dulgence.
immodestus S.immodest. impubes, eris, youthful, indulgeo, Isi, Itum 2. c. dat. to give one's self immodicus 3. excessive. immature. immortalis, e, immoHal. impudens, ntis, imputo, be indulgent. immortalitas,
atis,
/.
immortaliter,
n.
i,
4. to hinder.
impello, puli,
pul^m 3.
to impel.
impendeo
2. to
sum eral,
oris,
i,
m. an Indian
;
3. to walk upon. industrla, ae, incendium, i, n. con/latry.
f. indus-
2) the
industrius 3. active, in-
gration.
incendo,
di,
sum
to
3.
itum
dustnous. indutiae,arum,y!a irwce. iuermis,
3. uncertain. ivi,
3.
to
unarmed, de-
e,
fenceless.
iners, rtis, unskilled, in-
attack.
m. gen- incido,
up-
idi 3. to fall
active.
inertia, ae,/.
on.
imperitus 3. inexperien- incipio, cepi, ceptum
3. infans,
inactivity.
ntis,
a
c.
child,
minor.
to begin.
ced.
to
(a river),
pen- jncesso,
emperor.
3.
Indus
impend, incertus
3. to bestow.
utum
iii,
on, clothe.
Indus,
cessum
enkindle, inflame.
impendo, pendi, imperator,
put
impure.
incedo, cessi,
hindrance.
impedio
3.
in- inanis, e, empty, vain.
adv.
finitely.
impedimentum,
induo,
dent, shameless.
inipurus
immortality.
imperium, i. n. com- inclto 1. to spur on, in- infero, intuli, illatum, mand, reign. cite. inferre, to bring ; belimpero I. c.dat. to reign, incognitus 3. unknoion. lum inferre alicui, to reign over, command, incola, ae, m. inhabitant. make ivar upon one.. impetro 1. to obtain. incolumis, e, unhurt. interns 3. being below, impetus, us, m. attack ; inconditus 3. unarranglow, inferior ; inferi, 2) vast extent.
impius
3.
ed.
incredibilis,
etum
2. to increpo, ui,
impleo, evi,
ace.
fill.
jmplico, avi,
atum
1. to
to
e,
incredi-
itum
the
dead in the lower
world.
c.
infidus
re-
infimus
1.
berate,
proach.
3. unfaithful.
lowest,
the
3.
meanest.
incumbo, cubui, cubi-
involve.
imploro importo
infirmitas, atis, /. infir-
1. to
implore.
turn 3. in aliquid, to
1. to
import.
lay one^s self upon, at- infirmus 3. weak.
importunus
3.
trouble-
tend to something.
indago
some.
impotens, ntis, not master of.
c.
imprimo,
.
India,
ae,/
press into,
impress.
improbitas, atis,/. wick-
informo
abl. to be in want. 1. to be
c.
1. to instruct. i,
n.
genius,
spirit.
indig- ingens,
nant.
indignus
3.
inflo 1. to inflate.
gen. et ingenlum,
c.
etum
xi,
dat. to strike upon, infiict.
India.
1. to indicate.
indignor
mity.
infligo,
to trace out.
pressi, pres- indigeo, ui 2.
3. to
edness.
]
gen. inde, adv. thence.
imprimis, adv.especially. indico
sum
[ble.
impious.
ntis,
immense,
very greM. 3.
c.
abl.
improbus 3. wicked. worthy. imprudens, ntis, not induco, xi, etum bring in, induce. foreseeing, not know-
un- ingenue, adv. nobly, respectably. 3. to ingeniius
noble.
3.
free-bom,
;
340
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
jngjgno,
geni- insectum,
geniii,
turn 3. to implant.
ingratus 3. ungrateful
dat.
;
2) disagreeable.
sum
go
into,
to
enter upon.
iubaereo,
sum
am-
/.
1
to
.
to
ed; suhst. insigpe,
is,
mean
time.
emptum
interlmo, emi, 3. to kill.
iiisipiens, ntis, unwise,
born.
m. destruc-
interitus, us,
injmicitia, ae, /. hostil- in situs 3. implanted, iniiy.
3.
kill.
in wait, interim, adv. in the
lie
distinguish-
e,
n. badge.
inhumanus3. inhuman,
mur-
ectum
interflcio, eci,
buscade, snares.
to
abl.
c.
to
ire,
in- intei-fector, oris, m.
in,
arum,
irisidlae,
inhere.
itum,
li,
decay, cometo naught.
derer.
insidior
in
sow
to
hac- insignis,
haesi,
2.
intereo,
n. insect.
P'^ft-
ingredlor, gressus 3. c. ace.
i,
insero, sevi, situm 3. c.
tion.
interpreter
to
inter-
iuimicus 3. hostile ; ini- insperans, tis, not expret, explain. micus, i, m. enemy. peeling, contrary to interpungo, nxi,
nctum
iniqiius 3. unjust.
initium,
n, beginning,
i,
HijiCio, jeci,
to throw
queos,
.
jecium into
to
jnjucundus
;
3.
lay snares.
ae,/
injustice,
injuste, adv. unjustly.
sum
intersum,
stiti
in-
e,
innu-
merable.
xi,
digence.
instr. to
want, in- integer, sound. to
inquam, / say. 3.
;
1.
he\- intueor,
prepare
•
us,
tuitus
to look
m.
en-
sum
2.
upon, consider. within, in
adv.
the house.
grum, inultus
gra,
go
to
trance,
3.
unrevenged,
inutilis, e, useless.
ectum
2. invenio,
understand.
veni,
ventum
4. to find, find out.
intempestive, adv. un- investlgo
insane.
;
concerns
ace.
c.
in- introltus,
intus,
inops, 6])is,helpless,poor, intelllgo, exi, destitute, needy.
difference
it
into, to enter,
arrange
to
/. helpless- insula, ae,/. island.
ness, need,
a
is
gen.
ble.
to
for war.
inopla, ae,
c.
to be
one (^ 88, 10). intimus 3. inmost.
com-
ctum 3. furnish; aclem
lum
c.
intro
thelineof battle
S. harmless.
innumerabilis,
esse
in,
to threat- intolerabllis, e, intolera-
1.
(some one).
struere,
cence.
there
in-
scho-
inst.
;
en, press upon,
innocens, ntis, innocent, instruo,
ftii,
he
to
presented at; interest, onis, /.
lastica, sclwlastic
pel
mnocentia, ae, f. inno-
dat.
3. to
instruct.
insto, 3.
to be implanted.
insanus
3. interrogo 1. to ask.
struction.
jnnascor, natus
innoxius
utum
iii,
struction
injury.
ectum
to look into, inspect,
unpleas- iustitutlo,
3.
to distinguish.
inspicio, exi,
la- instituo,
ani, disagreeable. injuria,
expectation.
1.
timely.
1. to trace
out^
investigate.
3. c. gen. not intentus 3. stretched invictus 3. invincible. knowing,not acquaintc. dat. or in c. ace. invideo, vidi, visum 2. ed with. attentive, fixed upon e. dat. to entry. inscribo, psi, ptiim 3. something. invidia, ae,/ envy^ hac. dat. to write in or interdum, tred. adv. some-
rascius
upon something, scribe.
[to
jnsculpo, psi,
in-
times.
engrave, interea, adv. in the
ptum
3.
time.
'
mean
invidus
3. envious.
inviso,
isi,
visit
isum
3. to
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULART.
341
invito 1. to invite,
juba, ae,/. m. mane.
invitus 3. unwilling.
jubeo, jussi, jussum 2. Lacaena,
utum
involve, vi, involve
3. to
involutus
;
Iphicrates,
3.
understand.
difficult to
is,
jucunde, adv. pleasant- Lacedaemon, ly,
jucundus
self,
iracundia, ae, f. anger, judex,
sum
iratus
irascor,
c. dat. to be
3.
3.
enraged, an-
sum
si,
icis,
2.
mock, deride.
Lacedaemomus,
1. to lacerate,
tear
in pieces. lacesso, ivi, itum m. judge. provoke. n. judg-
3.
to
i,
lacrlma, ae,/. tear. to
1.
judge
;
c.
lacus, us, m. lake, pond.
dupl. ace. ^o con5ic?er laedo,
on something. jugum, i, n. yoke, ri^g-e
m.
i,
a Lacedemonian.
pleasant, lacero
ment.
enraged, judico
gry. irrideo,
3.
judicium,
irascibility.
iratus
atis,/.j»Zea5-
agreeable.
ae,f. anger.
onis, /,
Lacedemx)n, Sparta.
agreeably.
antness, agreeableness.
um, pron.
ipse, a,
ae, /. Lacedemonian woman.
to bid, order.
m. ipAi- jucunditas,
crates.
ira,
lac, ctis, n. milk.
sum 3. fo ^wr^
si,
Laellus, m. Laelius. top, laetitla, ae, f. joy.
(of a mountain), laetor
c.
1.
abl.
to
re-
iiTumpo, rupi, ruptum Julius (i) Caesar (aris) joice. m. Julius Caesar. laetus 3. joyful, delight3. to burst in. ed. is, ea, id, pron. he, she, jungo, nxi, nctum 3. to join, unite. lapideus 3. of stone. ; the same, lapis, idis, m. a stone. m. Isocra- Junius, i, m. June. Juno, 6ms, f. Juno. larglor, itus sum 4. to Jupplter, Jovis, m. Jubestow largely. ud, pron. that.
that one
it ;
Isocrates, tes.
iste, a, ita,
is,
adv. so, thus.
late, adv. widely.
piter.
juro
ae,/. Italy.
Italia,
1. to
swear.
itaque, conj. therefore,
jus, juris, n. right.
item, adv.
jussum,
likeivise.
n.
iter, itineris,
n.
justitia,
Juvenilis,
is,
lat us 3. fcroac?. m. Juve- laudabilis, e,
to
1.
and
juvenis,
throw hither
ae,/ loss ; turam facere, to
is,
1. to praise.
m. a youth, laurus,
young man.
jac- juvo, juvi, suf-
jutum
1. c.
ace. to assist.
to
totter,
n.
jocor,
1.
jocosus ^ocus,
i,
to jest.
3. sportive.
sum
3. legio,
m. a jest.
toil,
laboro
;
to
labor
ah\. to suffer from.
29*
m.
i,
i,
bed.
m. amhassa-
onis,/ Zegion. ctum 3.
lego, gi,
labor, oris, m. labor, 1.
1.
lector, oris m. reacfer.
shake.
Ae. labor, lapsus to Jail.
liver.
the
wash.
lectus,
loss.
jecur, jecinoris,
/
lavatum
lavo, lavi,
L. jam, adv. now, already. legatus, jam pridem, long since. Labefacto 1. to cause to dor. ]aiiua, ae, J. gate.
or us,
i
laurel.
juventus, utis, /. youth, laus, dis,/. praise.
thither, extol.
jactura,
fer
laudo
juvenilis, e, youthful.
J. 2. to lie low.
praise-
loorthy.
nal.
jacto
be con-
command. Latinus 3. Latin. command. Latmus, i, m. Latmus (mountain in Caria). ae,f. justice. i,
again, the Justus 3. just.
second time.
Jaceo
to
cealed.
course, jussus, us, m.
way, journey, march, 'iterum, adv.
lateo, ui 2.
lenio 4. to soothe.
c. leniter,
adv. mildly,
leo, onis,
m.
Zion.
;
3^'
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
lepidus
m. agreea- loco
bleness, jest.
Lesbus,
locupleto
m. hrother-in- locus,
Iri,
law.
m. place, situa- magniflcus
i,
room
tion,
magistrate.
1. to enrich.
pi. loca.
;
levis, e, light.
loiige, adv. far, widely,
levitas, atis,/ levity.
longinquitas,
levo
lighten,
to
1.
lieve; c. ^
abl,
re-
to free
from.
[tion.
le^-gis, /.
law, condi-
atis,
/.
distant
from
remote,
3.
e longinquo,
;
magnitude,
liber, bri,
ly.
liberalis, e,free. liber-
liberalrter, adv. liberally.
tins.
n. gain, ad-
i,
/
inis,
passion,
desire,
of
wood.
Wgnum,
luscinia, ae,
/
n. ivuod.
Iimpidus3. limpid,
/
ae,
ae,/
language.
i,
mane,
luxury.
m. Lycur-
ae,
Macedo,
/
Macedonian. Macedonia, ae,
alpliabet);
arum,/ ture.
litterae,
letter, litera-
mis-
to
adv. in the
mom-
nsum
nsi,
2.
ace. to
await.
civil process,
letter (of
evil,
to remain', c.
M.
strife.
llttera,
n.
ing.
maneo, m. Lysis.
3. to m^lt.
/
i,
chew.
liquetacio, feci, factum
lis, litis,
malo, malui, malle, to wish rather, prefer. mh\\im, \, n. apple.
mains 3. evil, bad. mando, di, sum 3.
gus.
linter, tris,/ boat, skiff. Lysis, is,
malice,
ae, /.
nightin- mains, i,/ apple-tree.
\ux,\nc\s,f. light. clear, luxuria,
3. ill dispos-
fortune.
gale.
tongue, Lycnrgns,
evil,
subst.
;
wickedness.
malum,
m. wolf.
i,
lusus, us, m. sport. \,
lingna,
m. play.
i,
ae,/ moon.
lupus,
licet, uit 2. it is allowed,
wooden,
malitla,
3. to play.
mtnt. luna,
lust.
3.
n.spor^
i,
sum
doing
ed, malicious.
lugeo, xi 2. to grieve, la-
ae,/ a pound.
ligneus
m
si,
Indus,
to
evil-doer.
malevolus
vaniage.
ludo,
uit 2. it pleases.
libido,
ances-
S. slanderotis.
3.
wicked
evil,
ludibrlu
1. to liberate.
libertas, atis,/ liberty.
liha-a,
Luceria. ma\edicus
m. Lucre- maleflcus
i,
relation to their luctus, Qs, m. grief.
parents).
liliet,
/
Luceria, ae,
lucrum,
libere, adv. freely.
Iib6ri,6rum, m. children
libero
um, m.
reproach.
Lucretius,
aliiy.
(in
greater,
tors.
speak.
atis,/
us,
older.
loquax, acis, loquaciotts. male, adv. badly. loquor, locutiis 3. to maledico 3 c. dat.
liber, era, erurn,/ree.
liberalitas,
mag-
magnus S.great ; comp. major,
afar. 3. long.
city.
m. book.
inis,/.
nitude.
libenter, adv. willingly, loquacitas, atis,/. loqua- majores,
with delight.
magni-
3.
Jicent.
magnopere, adv. great-
length, extent.
longinquus
longus
libens, n\\s, willing.
authority
gistracy,
rich.
Leshos.
i,f.
sea-shore,
1. to place, set.
locuples, etis,
lepus, oris, m. a hare. levir,
magis, adv. more. magister, tri, m. teacher, wealthy, magistratus, us, m. ma-
3. elegant, neat, littus, oris, n.
lepor, Oris,
onis,
Mantinea, ae, m.
/
a
Ma-
cedonia.
machinatio, onis,/ machine
;
device, artifice,
/
Man-
tinea.
manus, us,/ hand; 2) a company. Marcell us,
i,
m. JkfarccZ-
Zm5.
mare,
is,
n. sea.
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
S43i,
misere, adv. wretchedly, m. margin, mentior 4. to lie. mercator, oris, m. tra- misereor, misertus or miseritus sum 2. c. der. marmor, oris, n. marble. gen. to pity. marmoreusS. o/*»MirWe, merces, edis,/. recommiseret me alicujusrei, pense. marhle.
margo,
inis,
Marius,
Marilus,
mater,
m. Marius.
i,
\,
mereor, merltus sura2. to deserve; de aliqua
m. Mars.
tris,/. mother.
it
my pity for
excites
something.
re mereri, to deserve miseria, ae, /. misery, m. i, mathematicus, want. mnthemntidan. of something. misericordia, ae,/.jnft/. mature, adv. speedily, in meritum, i. n. desert. mkescoS. to render soft, merx, rc'is, f. wares. season.
maturus
tame.
messis, is,/, crop.
3. ripe.
to soften, m. Metellm. mitigo 1. mitigate. medicina, ae, /. medi- metior, meiisus sum 4. mitis, e, soft, mild. to measure. cine, remedy. mitto, misi, missum 3. medicus,i,m. physician, metuo, ui 3. fo/ear. to send. mediocris, e, middling, metus, us, m. apprehen-
medeor 2.
Metellus,
c. dat. to cure.
meditatio, onis,/. medi-
to
1.
ae, /.
tion.
migro
Megara.
membrana, ae,/ mem-
miles,
brane. i,
Miltiades,
n. limb.
isse, c.
migrate
;
gen. or
m. gov-
c.
moderaius 3. temperate. moderor 1. c. ace. to govern, rule.
modestia, ae,
f modesty,
m. warrior, modestus 3. modest. modlce, adv. temper-
itis,
soldier.
membrum, memini,
1. to
ace. to transgress.
mel, mellis, n. honey.
oris,
ernor.
1. to glitter.
migratio, onis,/. migra-
upon, study into. i, m. a Mede.
movable.
e,
moderator,
3. mine.
mico, ui
reflect
Medus,
Megara,
mobllis^
sion,fear.
meus,
tation.
meditor
i.
is,
m. Miltia-
ately.
modius,
des.
i,
m. bushel,
minax, acis, threatening, modo, adv. only, now conj. c. Subj. if only, memor, oris, c. gen. Minerva, aG,f Minerva. modo, now minime, adv. least, not modo mindful of. now. at all. memoria, ae, /. memon/, modus, i, m. manner, time ; minXior 1. to threaten, remembrance, way. memoria tenere, to minor 1. to threaten. hold in remembrance, minuo, ui, utum 3. to moenia, lum, n. walls (as defence). lessen, diminish. memoriter, adv. from moeror, oris, m. grief, mmus, adv. less. memory, by heart. ace. to remember.
—
—
memoro
1.
to mention, mirificus 3. wonderful.
miror
relate.
Menander,
dri,
m. Me-
mendax,
acis,
lying
subst. liar.
mena,tis,
; .
f sense, mind,
understanding, state of mind.
mensa,
ae,
mensis,
is,
/
spirit,
table.
m. month.
wonder
;
3.
moles, is,/ mass.
wonderful, ex- moleste, adv. grievovS'
traordinary.
misceo,
sorrow.
2) Moesia, ae, J. Moesia,
to admire.
mirus
nander.
1. to
scui,
xt\im2.
ly
stum or
;
mol. fero, take
to mix, to dis- molestia.,
ae, f.
annoy-
3.
trouble-
ance.
turb.
miser, era, erum, lorcfc^- molesius some.
ed.
miserandus
it
ill.
3. pitiable,
molior, itus
sum
4. to
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
344
munio
prepare, get ready.
mollio
4. to soften,
Molo,
murex,
e, soft.
inoWitia, ae,
f softness.
onis, m.
momentum,
Molon.
i,
n.
cir-
cuvistance.
moneo 2 mons,
to
admonish,
navigo
m. a pur-
icis,
mur. murus,
tain.
monumentum,
i,
n.
ne, conj. that not
to bite,toback-
Nam, namque,
mortuus sum,
morior,
mon,
re-
to
narro
conj. for
natalis,
natio,
onis,/ narra-
is,
sum
3. to
/
natus
move. thereupon,
adv.
(i/lerwards.
/
muller, eris,
woman,
MiJIlerus,
i,
multitudo,
m. Midler.
Inis,
/ mul-
titude. 1. to fine,
multus
bom
much, many.
3.
mundus,
punish.
i,
m. world.
munificentia,
ae,/ mw-
nificenre.
munificus
3. munificent.
and
(neque), not
que)
;
— nee
nee
not,
(ne-
(neque),
—
nor.
necdum, and
not yet.
necessarlus
3.
sary
neces-
homo
related ;
;
necessarius, friend.
sary
{§
is neces-
it
105. R. 4.)
necessitas, atis,/ necessity.
neco
1. to kill.
nectar, aris, n. nectar.
xum
necto, xui,
3.
to
join together, weave.
post nefaiius
;
be-
rests
nebula, ae,/. mist.
infamous.
3.
Christum natum, af nefas, (indecl.) n. wrong. ter the birth of Christ ; negligo, lexi, lectum 3. old
(when the year
to neglect.
has been specified, nego
wife.
muho
3.
the
parts).
nation, necesse est,
mos, oris, m. custom, tribe. manner ; plur. charac- nato 1. to swim. natura, ae,/ nature. ter. motus, us, m. move- naturalis, e, natural. ment ; motus terrae, natus, us, m. birth ; major natu, older; minor earthquake. natu, younger. moveo, vi, turn 2. to
mox,
not even,
(has
also,
neither
m. birth-day.
onis,
115. 3. b. a.)
—quidem
also
be born, to spring.
mors, tis,/ death.
(^
sum nee
1. to relcite.
mortalis, e, mortal.
that
ne, interrogative particle,
emphasis tween its
tion, narrative.
nascor, natus
;
3.)
word on which the
3. to obtain.
narratio,
to die.
moror 1. to delay, ace. main; c. make nothing of. morosus 3. morose.
and
106, 1
not
nanciscor, nactus
bite.
[^
change, ex- ne
to
mora, ae,/. delay. change. morbus, i, m. disease. mutus 3. dumb. mordax, acis, biting. mordeo, momordi, morN.
sum 2.
exhorting),
m. wall (as a
musicus, \,m. musician. 1.
navis
;
mur- ne, adv. not (with Imperat., and Subj. of
structure).
muto
monun.ent.
navigate.
1. to
\oiiga, war-ship.
uris, n.
i,
naval-
navis, is,/ ship
pie fish, purple.
murmur,
navale,
war.
;
moun- mus, muris, m. mouse. musca, Sie,f. a fiy.
m.
ntis,
eris, n. service
2) present.
soft, alleviate.
mollis,
lum
4. to fortify.
make munus,
which
in
1. to
this case negotlor
stands in the ace.)
deny, say no.
business, trade.
naufragium, i, n. ship- negoiium, n£ss. wreck; naufr. facere, to suffer shipwreck.
nauta, ae, m. sailor. \\a\a\\B,e,naval,pertain-
ing
to
a ship
;
pugna
navalis, sea-fight; bel-
pursue
to
1.
nemo
n.
i,
(in is)
c.
busi-
nobody,
no one, (gen. andabl. not used). neptis,
is,
daughter.
/
grand-
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. Neptunus,
m. JVep-
i.
nequeo,
itum,
ivi,
ire,
not to be able.
nequicquam, vain, to no
in
adv.
4.
nescius
not knowing
3.
unless.
nidifico
;
build a
to
1.
nest. i,
m.
nest.
grum,
niger, gra,
nihilum,
n. nothing,
i,
nimlum, adv.
much, too much,
nisi,
if not
;
ex-
to
3.
or
nixus
3. c. abl.
to rely
upon something
;
something to strive
;
against some-
e,
in-law.
nusquam, ac?v.
re-
nutrix, icis,/. nurse.
nutus, us, m. nod, com-
mand.
knowl-
ae, /.
nux, nucis,/ a nvt.
edge.
nolo 1. to mark, brand. notus S. known.
November,
novus
3.
O.
m. Obdormisco, mivi, mi-
bris,
tum
is,
ptum
psi,
dat. to
obedio obeo,
4. to obey.
itum,
li,
marry (of the obitus,
ire,
to
us,
m. departure,
death.
no one, no
;
oblecto
nullus non, every one. oblino,
word
m. JVuma. ae, /.
mantia.
i,
to
itum
evi,
onis,
/.
ohliv-
ion.
number,
forget.
obrepo, repsi, m. numher,'
Numida, ae, m. a JVunocturnus 3. nocturnal. midian. nodus, i, m. knot. Numidia, ae, /. JVunomen, Inis, n. name. midia. nomino 1. to name. nummus, i, m. money, a non, adv. not (stands sesterce. before its verb) non numquis, numqua, ;
is
3. to
besmear, contaminate.
JVu- obliviscor, oblitus sum 3. c. gen. or ace. to
noctu, adv. by night.
numquid,
1. to delight.
oblivio,
[§ 1 15, 3, b, c,].
multitude, rhythm.
solum (tantum, mo-
3. to
3. c. die.
woman). 3.
ctum
xi,
overspread, cover,
doud.
/.
3. to fall asleep.
obduco,
new.
numerus,
2. to injure.
no-tu^cre.
nourish.
notio, onis,/. notion.
nowned. numero 1. nohWito 1. to make knoivn, reckon. renowned.
4. to
nota, ae,/. mark, sign,
Numantia,
known,
messenger.
;
lately.
nutrio
Numa, ae,
nix, nivis,/ sn/}w.
m. message,
i,
nurus, us, f. daughter-
tryman.
in aliquid num,interrogative
thing.
nobilis,
news nuper,
noster, tra, trum, our.
ad nullus
aliquid, to strive after
announce.
1. to
nuntius,
become acquainted
nubo,
nisus
sum
noceo
notum
ivith.
shining, nubes,
3.
splendid. nitor,
nuntlo
times.
nox, noctis,y! night.
cept.
nitrdus
f,
market.
novi, isse, to know.
xi, 3. to snoiv.
conj.
arum,
in- nundlnae,
not
JVovember.
too very.
ningo,
?
nunc, adv. now.
not yet.
deed"^ whether not.
black, notitia,
nihil (indecl.) n. nothing.
nimls, adv. too
nondum, adv. nonne ? not ?
any one f any
ble that
thing
hut also.
if not, nostras, atis, m. of our country, fellow-conn-
conj.
[nisi),
nidus,
sed etiam, no<
nosco, novi,
not to know,
non sum nescius, / know full well.
m
— —
nonnunquam,arfv.some- nunquam, adv. never.
effect.
nervus,\,m.nerve, sinew.
nescio
do)
only
tune.
345
U possi-
3.
c.
upon,
dat. steal
reptum to
creep
upon, sur-
prise some one.
obruo,
ui,
utum
3. to
cover over, overwhelm.
obscuro 1. to obscure. obscurus 3. obscure. obsequium, i, n. submission, obedience.
obsequor, secutus
sum
346 3.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. dat.
c.
obey,
to
comply with. observo 1. to observe.
occupo
ade, siege.
sessura oculus,
2. to besiege.
obsidio, onis,/ siege. levi
3.
way
to
of,
be
odi, isse, to hate.
oppidum,
odiosus
oppleo, evi,
S. hateful, hated,
obsum,
esse
fui,
to be against, injure.
obtempero
1. to
obtingo, igi 3. one's
to fall to
lot.
obtrectatio, onis, f. detraction.
obtrecto
dis-
1. c. d. to
parage.
3. to
to
oblatum,
etum
2. to
tunely.
sum
3. to oppress.
oppugno
officio, feci, fectura
3.
to hinder, prevent.
ops
1. to attack.
(not
gen.
used),
op\s,f. aid.
n. duty, ser- optabilis, e, desirable.
i,
optimas,
vice.
fusum
m. chief
atis,
man. c. dat. to fow against; opto 1. to wish. pass, to spread one's opulentus 3. powerful, rich. self upon, surround
offundo, fudi,
something ;
3.
c. ace. to
oleum,
n. oil.
i,
opus,
eris, n. icork.
opus
est, it is necessary,
[k
91. 5,
oraciil um,
oYim, adv. formerly.
meet.
n. town.
i,
opprlmo, pressi, pres-
cover.
obviam, adv. against,
4.
opportune, adv. oppor-
sum
obtiili,
officium,
obey.
obtineo, 2. to maintain.
sum
Ott- op])6no S. to oppose.
m.
i,
3. to offer.
c. dat.
4.)
fUl up,fll.
offend.
a ofFero,
hindrance, hinder.
R.
to await.
eye.
to
stand against, in
necessary,
it is
(§ 105.
opperior, pertus
m.
i,
odium, i, n. pass away, become an- Odofredus, tiquated. fned. obsto, stiti, statum 1. c. ofFendo, di, ide
Oc-
m.
bris,
tober.
obsideo, sessi,
to
oportet 2.
to surprise.
obsessio, onis,/. block- October,
obsolesco,
take pas- opinor 1. to think.
to
1.
session of, fall upon, opitulor 1. to lend aid.
c] n. oracZe.
i,
occasio, onis, f. oppor- omitto, misi, missum3. oratio, onis,/. speech. tunity. to let go, pass over, orator, oris, m. orator.
occasus, us, m. setting,
Occidens,
postpone.
orbis,
omnino, adv. wholly,
downfall. ntis,
m.
set-
occido, cidi,
plur.
casum
3.
to fall.
;
occo
onero
1. to
onus,
eris, n. load.
load, burden. Orestes, ae,
Oriens,
1. to
harrow.
uliii,
3.
to conceal.
occulio
tum
cubiii,
cubi-
3. to fall, die.
Gcr6a, a.e,f.greave (cor-
responding boot).
to
;
opes,
c. orior,
occupy one's
um,
rise,
ortus
sum
power,
4. to
spring from.
ornamentum,
/
eastern
east,
regions.
ope- origo, inis,/ origin.
dare, navare
sdfwith.
3. concealed.
occumbo,
ram
dat. to
1. to conceal.
occultus
labour
dered,
ultum
m. Orestes. m. sun-
ntis,
rising,
opera, ae,/ service ren-
occulo,
ordo, inis, m. order, succession, rank.
all.
occido, cidi, cisum 3. to onyx, ychis, m. onyx. kill.
4. to
begin.
together.
ting sun, western re- omnis, e, each, whole gions, west.
m. circle. orsus sum
is,
al- ordior,
i,
n.
oma-
ment, jewel.
property, goods, trea- ornol. to adorn.
oro
sures.
opimus
3. /of, rich.
our opinio, onis,/ opinion, belief.
1.
sam
to
speak; caus-
orare, to plead;
2) to entreat.
oryx, ygisy m. gazette.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. paries,
OS, 6ris, n. /ace. OS,
ossis,
bone
n.
;
pi.
ostium,
otium,
to bear,
n. door.
1,
paupertas,
produce
ovis, is,/, sh^ep.
paro
ovum,
parricldium,
n. egg.
i,
partum 3. ;
1. to
n. parri-
dde, wicked deed. pars, rtis, /. part, side,
P.
pactussum make a bargain.
Paciscor, to
pactum,
i,
3.
bargain
n.
;
no
way. paene, adv. nearly,
al-
pacto,
most.
pallium,
i,
palumbes,
3.
to open.
pango, peplgi, pactum 3. to fix in, to fasten,
pecto,
papaver,
m. bread. pop-
n.
eris,
xum
xi,
to
3.
comb. pectus, oris, n. breast.
pecuDia, ae,/ money.
pasture (of herds-
itis,
in. footman,
foot-soldier.
men),
to drive.
Pelopidas, ae, m.
herds). i,
n. pasture.
Pdo-
pidas.
passim, far and wide, pelvis, is,/ basin, bowl. pastor, oris, m. herds- penates, lum, m. pena-
condition. is,
sin,
clpis,
bargain, agree to on pascuum, panis,
n.
i,
par- pecco 1. to sin, do wrong. particula, ae, /. a par- pecten, inis, m. comb.
to
pando, andi, assum,
2)
tidpating in. tide.
pool.
;
fault.
marsh, pasco, pavi, pastum 3. pedes,
udis. /.
palus,
gality.
m. wood- parum, adv. too little. parvus, 3. small.
is,
pigeon.
fright.
parsimonia, ae, /. fru- peccatum,
partior 4. to divide.
n. cloak.
pavidus ^.fearful. pavo, onis, m. peacock, pavor, oris, m. fear,
permission.
particeps,
pallrdus 3. pale, limd.
Paw-
ae,
plur. the characters in pax, pacis,/. peace
a play.
in
nullo
pov-
f.
sanias.
prepare. i,
atis,
erty.
ova Pausanias,
parere, to lay eggs.
n. leisure.
i,
(of pauper ^ris, jooor.
etis, /. if^aZZ
a house). pario, peperi,
ossa, bones.
347
man.
tts,
household gods.
factum pendeo, pependi [sup, 3. to makeknown. wanting) 2. to hang. papWio, 6ms, ly,. abutterpateo, ui 2. to stand pendo, pependi, penfly. eqmd ; par open. par, aris, sum 3. to pay for, sum c. dat. 1 am a pater, ti'is, m. father. value. patienter, adv. patiently, penitus, adv. wholly. match for some one. patior, passus sum 3. penna, ae,/./fa<^r. par, aris, w. a pair. i. to suffer, allow. Parapamisus, m. pensum, i, n. thread. patria, ae, / Parapamisus. native peracerbus 3. very bitpatefacio, feci,
py.
paratus
3.
prepared, rea-
parsum
parco, peperci, 3.
dat.
c.
to
ter, severe.
parens,
ntis,
mother
;
dat.
1. c.
proted.
c. father
plur.
2. to obey.
or
peragro
a
little
while.
post,
3. little
a
3. to
to
1.
little
;
little.
ceptum
3. to perceive.
paulo percrepo,
after.
pass
through. percipio, cepi,
pa- paullulum, adv. a
pauUus
perago, egi, actum accomplish.
paullisper, adv.
rents.
to
spare, pauci, ae, a. few.
forbear.
par^o
country.
patrocinor
dy.
resound.
ul,
itum
1. to
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
348 percurro,
or perpetIor,pessussum3. perversTtas, atis, /!
cucurri
cursum
curri,
to
3.
run through. didi, ditum
perpetro
perdo,
ui,
itum
1, to
tame, suhdut.
jper-
versify.
perform,
]. to
3. perpetuitas, atis,/. per-
to ruin, destroy, lose.
perdomo,
to endure.
petuity, duration.
perpetuo, adv.
pervideo,
isum
idi,
to consider,
2.
examine.
pes, pedis, m.foot.
contin- peslilentla, ae,/. pesti-
ually.
lence.
peregre, adv. abroad. perpetuus 3. continued, pestis, is,/, pest, destrucpereo, ii, Itum, ire, to constant. tion.
go
perrodo,
to ruin, perish.
perfectus
perficio, feci,
fectum3. perrumpo, turn
to finish, effect.
perftdus 3 faithless.
3.
rup-
strive
break
fetch.
through.
petulans,
break through.
a Per-
m.
sian.
3. c. ace.
to
obtain,
after,
attack,
strive
to
to
itum
3. to peto, ivi,
rupi,
perfringo, fregi, fractum Persa, ae, 3. to
sum
si,
eat through.
S. perfect.
tis,
wanton.
petulantia, ae,/.
wan-
tonness,licentiousness.
perfuga, ae, m. deserter, persaepe, adv. very of- Phidias, ae, m. Phidias. i, n. refuge. ten. philosophla, ae,/ phi-
perfugium,
pergo, perrexi, perrec- ^ers&no l.tocurewholly, turn 3. to go, proceed, persequor, secutus
periculum, i, n. danger. periodus, i,/ ^criorf. peritus 3.
permaneo, mansi, manhold out. to
1.
fiow
isi,
issum 3.
to permit.
permoveo,
tum
2.
atis,
/
pidy,
filial love.
iti,
f person, atum
1. to
ip'iger,
grum,
gra,
sloth-
ful, dull. pigritia, ae,
persist.
3.
to
draw
through,
censure.
movi,
/
inactivity.
to
move,
stir
si,
sum
2. c.
dat. to persuade, con-
Isi,
stroke,
charm, soothe.
Isum
2.
please,
perterreo
inxi,
paiut
;
ictum 3. acu pin-
gere, to embroider.
2. to frighten, piper, eris, n.
put in fear. pertinax,
to
pin us, us,/ pine,
vince.
permulcfio,
with hair. pi'^go,
mo- persuadeo,
up.
to
ly.
perstringo, inxi, ictum pilosus 3. hairy, covered
through.
permitto,
m. phi-
i,
lusopher.
3. pietas,
pay.
persto,
permano
utum
vi,
continue, ])ers6na, ae,
to
2.
to
losophy.
philosophus,
pie, adv. tenderly, pious-
sue.
persolvo,
perienced, skilled in.
sum
follow up, pur-
ex- perse vero l.fo AoZdf owf.
gen.
c.
3. to
sum
acis,
\imim, obstin-
\,
ip'irus, i,
pepper.
n, pear.
f
pear-tree.
ipennuhusS. very many. piscator, oris, m.fisherate. pernicies, ei,/ destruc- pertlneo, 2. to extend; man. tion. ad aliquem, to per- piscis, is, m.fish. perniciosus 3. pernipiscor i. to fish. tain to some one. cious, destructive. perturbatio, onis,/ dis- pius 3. pious, grateful. novi, notum turbance. placeo 2. to please. become thorough- perturbo 1. to disturb, placide, adv. gently. ly acquainted with. pervehor, vectus sum 3. placidus 3. gentle. perosus 3. hating greatto be conveyed off. placo 1. to appease.
pernosco, 3. to
ly.
perverse, adv. perverse- plane, ly.
adv.
plainly.
wholly;
;
;
349
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. planetes, ae, m. planet.
populor
planitles, ei,y! a plain.
popillus,
planta, ae, /. plant.
populus,
Plato, onis, m. Plato.
porro, adv. moreover.
plaustrum, ivagon. Plautus,
m. Plautus.
i,
plerique, aeque, aque,
very many, most.
principle.
praeclare, adv. nobly..
]. to bear.
portus, us, m. haven. 3. to de-
com-
f
pos-
session, possessing.
possum,
monly.
praeclarus 3. noble. praechido 3. to shut: praeco, onis, m. encamiast.
onim,
praecordia,
mand. possesslo, onis,
plerumque, adv.
potui, posse, to
diaphragm. praecox, cdcis,
«.
preco-
cious.
praeda, ae,/. booty. be able {can). m. Pliny. m. com- postea, adv. afterwards. [)raedico 1. to extol. [many. posteaquam, conj. after praedico 3. to predict. praedltus 3. c. abl. enG.ium. 7nore, that.
i,
ploratus,
us,
plaint,
plures, a,
plurlmus
dowed with. postero die, on thefolloioing day ; in po- praedium, i, n.farm.
3. most.
plus, uris, n. more.
pluviosus
poema,
praeceptum,i,n. precept,
poplar.
posco, poposci
gen. full.
3. c.
Plinius,
\,f.
m.
6ns,
teacher.
j)ortrcus, lis,/, portico.
plausus, us, m. applause. porto
plenus
lay waste. praeceptor,
m. people.
i,
draught- porta, ae,y! gate.
n.
i,
1. to
rainy.
8.
poem. l>oeusi,fie, /.punishment atis, n.
poenas dare, punished
poemtetme
to
be
2) revenge.
;
sterum diem, following day. postis,
is,
till
the
m.post.
postquam,
praedor
1. to
praefero,
make booty. latum,
tuli,
ferre 3. to prefer. after prael6quor,locutus
conj.
sum
speak before. ad praemium, i, n. reward. 3. to
that.
postremus 3. last ; praeparatio, 6u\s, f prepostremum, lastly. thing. postulo 1. to demand. paration. Poenus, i, m. a Cartha- potens, lis, c. gen. pow- praeparo 1 to prepare. ginian. praepono, osiii, ositum erful, master of. poeta, ae, m. poet. [tily. potentia, ae,/ power. 3. to prefer. it
repents
alicujusrei,
me of
some-
.
potestas, atis, /. power. praepropere, adv. haspotio, onis, drinking, praesens, tis, present.
polite, adv. elegantly.
pel lex,
icis,
/
m. thumb.
polliceor, citus
sum
2.
to promise.
potior,
Pompeii, drum, m. Pompeii (a city).
Pompeius,
i,
m.
Pom-
adv.
es-
1. to
m. drink.
ponder.
situm 3. to place ; ponere in
aliqua re, to
set,
praebeo
2.
to
afford,
upon something. m. bridge.
ciii,
to
pay
ing,
rugged,
ao
steep
atum
1.
<•
be distinguished; ali-
prove, show one's
precipitous.
tis, excellent.
iti,
better;
self.
aid^
superior.
lend; se praebere, to
place praeceps, cipitis, inclin-
n.
praestabllis, e, excelletU.
praesto,
praealtus 3. very deep.
sui,
lis,
much more,
i,
protection, support.
praestans,
n. i^\m'. eata- potus, us,
ble fruit.
pondero
potius, adv. rather.
i,
[dent.
ially,
])raesidium,
self of.
pecially, principally.
pomum,
pons,
4. c.
to possess one's praeses. Id is, m, presi-
Pom- potissimum,
pilius.
lay,
abl.
sum
titus
m.
i,
pey.
Ponipilius,
pono,
praesertim, adv. espec-
drink.
;
show
surpass to
;
to be
bestow; to
se praestare, to one's self.
praesto, adv. present, at
hand.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
350 praesiim,
esse, to
fui,
be placed before, preside over.
praetereo, to
itum,
ii,
pass by
ire,
alicui, to prohlbeo, bui, bitum 2. to prevent, keep off. some one. probrum, i, n. disgrace, proinde, adv. therefore ; proinde quasi, just as probus 3. vpright, ex-
probari
please
cellent.
before.
if.
Probus,
praeterltus 3. past.
3. to promise.
praetor, oris, w. ^rae^or. procella, ae,/. s/orm.
praetoriiim,
um, m.
n. gener- proceres,
i,
aVs tent. prandeo, di,
the no-
sum
2. to
promptu,
promptu
in
esse, to be ready.
bles.
breakfast.
missum
promitto, misi,
m. Probus.
i,
procerus procudo,
promptus3.
3. slim, tall. di,
sum
3. (of
pronuntio
ready.
pro-
to
1.
money) to coin. nounce. pratum, i, n. meadow. pra vitas, atis,/. deprav- procul, adv. far off,from prope, adv. near: nearly, almost. a distance. iiy.
2)
preces, um,/. entreaties procumbo, cubili, cubi- propere, adv. hastily. propitius 3. propitious, turn S. to fall doivn. precor 1. to entreat;
bene
pr.
alicui,
to
ivish well to one.
premo,
pressum
pressi,
3. precious.
pretium,
1. to
go forth,
ire, to
3.
value.
favorable.
propositu m,
7i.
i,
pur-
pose, design.
depart.
wonder- proprius
otvn, pecu-
3.
liar.
fid.
price, proditio,
n.
i,
take care of.
Itum,
li,
prodigiosus
3. to press.
pretiosus
procuro prodeo,
6ms,f.
treach- propterea, adv.
on
this
account.
ery.
pridem, adv. long ago ; prodltor, oris, m. traitor, propugnator, oris, m. champion, defender. jam pridem, long prodo, didi, ditum, 3. to propulso 1. to drive deliver up, betray. since. Priene, es, /. Priene (a proellum, city
of
Ionia).
i,
primo, adv. in
the first
the first
place.
m.
ipis,
first
;
profanus
ginning
n.
i,
priscus 3.
adv.
forth.
truly.
profero,
tuli,
re,
to
3.
i)roficiscor, fectus sijm,
old.
prius, adv. sooner.
journey),
priusquam,
conj.
before
privatus 3. private.
to
approve
de-
sum
2.
acknowledge freely,
promise, offer freely.
3. 1.
march,
;
to
vance.
spec-
to see before
3.
one's self.
tum
3. to prostrate.
desse
fui,
c.
dat. to be useful, beneftt.
upright- progredior,
ness.
tum
(on a prosum,
profusus 3. unrestrained.
suitably, uprightly.
probo
out
part.
to
excellently,
SLtis,f.
set
profiteor, fessus
that, ere, before.
adv.
to
perity.
prosterno, stravi, stra-
to profit, accomplish,
3.
prohltas,
bring for-
[fessor. prospicio, spexi,
pristfnus 3. former.
I)robe,
latum, fer- prosperitas, a.t\8,f.pros-
principio, proficio, feci, fectum 3,
;
to creepforth.
prorsus adv. entirely. 1. to look indeed, prospecto
be- professor, oris, m. pro-
in the beginning.
back.
3. profane.
ward.
the first.
principium,
en^oun-
prorepo 3.
profecto,
place.
primum, adv. in princeps,
n.
ter.
prothma, adv. immediately.
proverbium,
gressussum providentia,
step forth, ad-
i,
n.
prov-
erb.
ae, f.fore-
sight, providence.
provideo,
vidi,
visum
2.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. to foresee
c.
;
tiat.
to
provide for something;
on
be
to
2)
one's
guard, look out. provincia,
/
ae,
pro-
ctum
proxime, adv. proxlrnus
prudens,
pru-
wise,
and (always
conj.
Punic us 3. P//mc. punio 4. to punish,
cor-
red. the stern
is,y*.
word).
its
quemadmodum,
of
what manner, qued ivi, itum,
adv. in as. ire,
to
be able {can).
quercus, us,/, oak. a ship. purgo 1. to purify, justi- querela, ae,/ complaint,
next.
3. next. tis,
que,
attached to
harass.
puppis,
vince.
to sting, to
3.
351
dent, skilful.
prudenter, adv. wisely, prudently.
plaintive cry.
fy.
purus 3. pure. puto I. to think,
sum
queror, questus believe,
to
qui,
consider.
3.
complain.
quae, quod,
who.
prudentia, ae,/. ivisdom, Pylades, ae, m. Pylades. qui, how, whence, whereby.
Pythagoras, ae, m. Py- quia, conj. because.
prudence.
prunum,
i,
n.
a plum.
publice,
adv.
quicunque,
thagoras.
prunus, i,/ /)^Mm
Q.
whosoever.
situm 3. quidam,quaedarn, quiddam and quoddam. nh or ex ali-
Quaere,
sivi,
on behalf of the State, to seek, at tlie cost of the State. quo, to ask of one. publico 1. to make pub- quaeso, I pray, beseech, quaestio,
lie.
publicus
public
3.
publico, in
;
in
a public
oris,
puella,
ae,/ mmd.
puer,
oriis,
m. shame. 6o^
eri, wi.
;
children.
ae,
/
child-
hood.
puerulus,
i,
m.
ques-
[§ 31. 6)].
quidem, quidni,
e,
of what ;
sort,
indeed
placedafler
why
not.
quies, etis,/ quid.
quiesco,
as.
qualiscunque, of what-
(is
word),
its
etura
evi,
3.
to rest.
quietus 3. quiet. as; quin, [$ 107, 3. b)].
ever sort, character.
pueri,
puerilis, e, childish.
pueritia,
/
tion.
qualis,
character
street.
pudor,
quaecunquodcunque,
que,
little
boy.
pugnai, ae, f. fight, bat-
quam,
adv.
how,
conj. (with the
com- quinam
parative) than.
quippe,
quamdiu, how long,
so
who
?
adv.
then'^ indeed,^
namely.
quis ? quid ? who ? what ? long as. quamvis, conj. with the quis, qua, quid anrf qui, subj.
how much soever,
quae, quod
[31,1)]
any one. pugno 1. to fight. quisnam, quando, adv. when. quaenam, pulcher, chra, chrum, quanquam, conj. with quidnam, ivho, what tie.
although.
beautiful, fair.
indie,
pulchre, adv. beautiful-
quanto,
ly.
pulchritudo,inis/1 6caM-
though,
at-
though.
(with
comp.)
piam
the.
quaepiam,
qiiidpiam and quod[§ 31, 3)].
quicquam quodquam,
quantoiiere, fu)w greatly, quisquam,
ty.
m. afiea. quantus 3. how great ; pullus, i, m. th£ young quantum, how much. (of animals), c^/cA:en. quantuscunque, how
pulex,
then% quispiam,
icis,
pulvis,
eris,
m.
sand,
pungo, pupiigi,
great soever. quasi, as
dusi.
pun-
it
as though.
were, as
if,
and
(scarcely)
any
one,
[§31,4)]. quisque, quaeque, quid-
que and quodque 31,7)].
[§
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
352
quisqiiis, quicquid,ifj/io- recipio,
R.
ever. {§ 30.
quo-
quo,adv, whither;
cornp.) the
eo, (in
so
much
3.
2).
—
to
take
betake
quod,
to.
onis, /.
re-
collection.
rccordor
conj. that, because.
1. to
reglus 3. royal.
until that, even until, recordatio,
ersoever.
catum
rub again, renew.
self regio, onis,/. region.
one's
read
as, until, recito 1. to
tjuocunque, adv. whith-
refrico, cui,
recipere, regina, ae,y! queen.
se
;
re-
hack.,
back.
the.
quoad, so long
ceivt
ceptum
cepi,
to
ace. to rego,
c.
1.
remember,
regno 1. to reign. regnum, i, n. reign, kingdom.
mind.
call to
ctum
xi,
3.
to
govern, guide, rule,
recreo 1. to renew, re- rejiclo, jeci, jecturn 3. quodsi, if now, but if to throw away, reject.
quoque, adv. quot.^
rector, oris, m. governor, relinquo, liqui,licturn3.
also.
rectus
however
how
often.
quotlescunque,
redamo
however ojten.
;
as,
utum
ui,
reddo,
itum
idi,
reduco,
3.
tearing away, refello,
rapid.
ptum
snatch, carry
3.
to
1. to
rsi,
stuff, fill
turn again
cessi,
go
;
requite
pertum
4.
;
itum
3. to
etum
2. to
up. 1. to ]. to
repugno
1.
repeat.
bear to
off.
contend
against.
gen.
it
cerns. (§ 88. 10).
cessum reformido
bade, retire.
ivi,
3. to repleo, evi, fill
refer to.
refert 3. c.
ravis, \s,f. hoarseness.
3. to
;
reri, ^.
call back, retrace.
bring back, re- reporto
rarus 3. seldom. reason
redound, repeto,
refero, tuli, latum, ferre replico
off.
sum,
persuaded, think.
repente, adv. suddenly.
to refute.
rtum
3. to
onis, /.
to be
3. to reperio, peri,
up.
raro, adv. rarely.
manner.
neys.
to find, find out.
elli 3.
refercio,
rapio, pui,
ctum
xi,
redundo
rana, iie,f.frog.
2.
Remus, i. m. Remus. (commonly plur. renes, um, m.) kid-
[turn, reor, ratus
lead back.
radix, icis, /. rooi.
recedo,
3. to
raditus, us, m. rettirn.
Raines, ci,f madness, rabiosus 3. mad.
ratio,
3.
redeo, u, itum 4. tore-
R.
^
ren,
make.
rapid us
2.
to remove.
give back again, give,
since,
otum
love in re- reinoveo, ovi,
1. to
turn.
to refute.
order.
qiuim, conj. wlien
nsum
P^Kf-) '^' ^' S®"* ace. to remember.
1. to recover.
one in redarguo,
tvhat
nsi,
to
again.
recupero
adv.
quotqi\ot,however many. 3.
good con- remaneo,
a
entia,
remain behind, remain, recumbo, cubui, cublturn 3, to lie cfoti^n reminiscor (without the
3. daily.
quotles, adv.
to leave behind, desert.
recta consci- reliquus 3. remaining.
;
science.
quotidle, adv. daily.
quotus
S. straight, direct,
right
quotannis, adv. yearly.
quotidianus
scrupu-
lously.
rectly.
how many 7
quotcunque, many.
adv.
rightly, cor- religiose,
recte, adv.
formerly.
quoniani, conj. because.
1.
c.
fear something.
con- reputo
1.
to iveigh, con-
sider.
ace.
em),/,
rest, relaxation.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. etum
requiesco, evi, (ex)
requiro,
3.
Rhodus,
repose, rideo,
c. abl. to
quisi-
quisivi,
turn 3. to search after,
i./.
saevio
ace.
c.
;
to sagitta, ae,/. arrow.
at, deride.
ridiculus 3. ridiculous,
inquire for.
res, rei,/. affair, thing, ripa, ae,/. 6anA;.
rescindo,
issum
idi,
break
to tear off,
rescisco, ivi or
rite,
off.
itum
li,
reseco, cut
ctum
ciii,
2. to
reservo
to reserve.
1.
essum
resldeo, edi,
2.
remain behind. resisto, stiti, stitum
3.
to resist.
resono 1 resonus
to resound.
,
1. to breathe.
respondeo, to
salularis, e, salutary.
robur, oris, n. strength, saluto
Rotrianus
Roman. Romulus,
;
sum
di,
2.
swer.
m.
i,
Romu-
sanclo,
ncitum
nxi,
sancte,
Rosclus,
i,
m. Roscius.
rostrum,
i,
n. beak.
rotundus
4.
m.
tis,
adv.
sacredly,
conscientiously.
sanctus
3. sacred.
sane, adv. truly.
round.
3.
sarrguis, inis,
rope,
sano
m. blood.
1. to heal, cure.
sapid us 3. palatable.
stay.
an- rudis,
n.
i,
m. a Sam-
itis,
to sanction.
responsio, onis, /. an- rudens,
respf)nsum,
3. safe, well.
nite.
ruber, bra, brum, red.
answer, reply.
salvus
a Samnis,
m.
i,
(Imper. of
!
salveo 2. to he well).
Roman
3.
salute.
1. to
salve, hail
resounding, rosa, ae, /. rose.
3.
loit.
;
to leap,
4^.
welfare, safety.
m. stream.
i,
lus.
echoing.
respiro
manner.
Rornanus,
to
hum
salto 1. to dance.
robustus 3. strong. rogo 1. to entreat, ask.
off.
m. salt
salio, lui,
in a proper salus, ut\s, f. prosperity,
adv.
rivulus,
3. to ascertain.
sal, salis,
saltern, adv. at least.
m. laugh.
3. risus, us,
4. to rage.
risutn 2. to saevus S.Jlerce.
risi,
laugh laugh
Rhodes.
353
gen.
e, c.
crude, sapiens,
tis,
wise
;
subst
unacquainted with, wise num. respublica, G. rei pub- rudo, ivi (i), itum 3. to sapientia, ae,y. ivisdom. swer.
roar.
licae,/. State.
respuo,
utum
ui,
to
3.
sapTo, ui 3. to be wise. rupi,
ruptum
restingiio,
nctum, ruo,
nxi,
3. to smother,
to
ex-
restituo,
iii,
utum
3. to rustlcus3,rwsh*c,- subst.
be left
;
ruXx\u^ ^. fkry red.
entum
to hold back, retain. i,
m. defendant.
reverter, Perf!
:
revoco
S.
I. to recall.
m. king. Rhenus, i, m. Rhine. g'ls,
2.
to re-
[bi'anch.
n. shoot,
i,
sat, adv. sufficiently.
satlo 1. to satiate. sattra, ae,/. satire. satis, adv. sufficiently.
Saturnus, i,
7n.
i,
Saturn.
n. rock.
scateo, ere,
c. abl.
to he
crum, safull of something. cred; sacra, orum, n. seaturigo, inis/. spring.
Sacer, era, sacred
seeleratus 3. wicked.
rites.
reverti sacerdos, otis,
3. to return.
rex,
pair.
saxum,
n. net, toil.
retineo, inui,
reus,
diff.
countryman, boor. 1. to
to
sarmentum,
2) resist. is,
3.
rus, ruris, n. country.
restore. stiti
rutum
riii,
rush.
rupes, \s,f rock,
tinguish. restis, is,/, rope.
rete,
rtum 4. make good again,
3. sarcio, rsi,
to break, tear.
reject.
resto,
rumpo,
c.
i,
n.
dred years.
saepe, adv. often.
30*
n.
eris,
crime,
transgression.
priestess.
saeculum,
priest, seelus,
a hun- schola, ae,/
school,
scholasticus3.
q/"
or ^er-
taining to a school.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
354 adv.
scilicet,
truli/^
to sententia,
wit.
senti- similitudo, inis, /.
ae, /.
opinion.
merit,
like-
ness.
nsum
simplex,
scintilla, ae,f. spark. ecio 4. to know.
sentio, nsi,
scipio, onis, m. staff.
m. (commontime. ly plur. semes), thorn- simulac, conj, (never hush. before a vowel or h) separo 1. to separate, as soon as.
feel, think,
sentis,
Scipio, onis, m. Scipio.
ptum
scribo, psi,
3.
to
write.
scriptor, oris, m. writer.
scrobis,
m.
is,
hole, ditch,
4. to
simple,
icis,
s\nm\, adv. at the
judge.
sam£
is,
simulatio,
disjoin.
sepelio,
piiltum
pelivi,
iscrupulus,
i, m. scruple. 4. to inter, bury. Scytha, ae, m. a Say- seplo, sepsi, septum
4.
onis, f. pre-
tence.
=
simulatque simulac. simulo 1. to liken one^s
thian. to hedge in, inclose. self to ; to feign. secerno, crevi, cretum sepono, posui, posltum sin, conj. but if. 3. to sunder, separate. 3. to lay aside. sinapis, is,y! mustard. seco, cui, ctum 1. to September, bris,m.*S'e/>- singuli, ae, a, sing-^e.
tember.
cut.
sector
sue, strive after.
secundus
fortunate
;
res secun-
3.
ace. tojollow.
serenus
3. clear,
secure,
3.
to
!4ed, conj. but.
fledeo,
sedi,
sero, sevi,
sessum
serus
to sit.
onis,/
sedition, servitus, utis,
seges, etis,/ crop.
servus,
/
servi-
ing, eternal.
utis,
/
old age.
conj.
if,
age, sicanus,
if also.
old
i,
man.
1. to
Sicilla,
it
so ?
dry.
ae,/
Sicily.
law.
league,
/
socius,
i,
m.
ally.
is,
m. Socra-
tes.
socrus,
us,/ mother-in-
law.
[ion.
m. compan-
sol, solis,
m. sun. i,
solea, ae,
/
feeling,
sense, sWva, an, f.
a wood.
simllis, €, like.
as-
sociaiion.
solatium,
m.
union,
alliance,
lis,/ old age.
siler, -eris, n. willow.
or,
socer, eri, m. father-in-
sodalis,
us,
situm
—
belonging to signum, i, n. sign. old age; aetas seni- silentinm, i, n. silence,
senilis, e,
sensus,
;
m. sock, shoe.
i,
m. assassin. Socrates,
siccine, adv. is
senex, senis, oW;subst. sicco
or, either
societas, atis,
eenator, oris, m. seimtor. sic, adv. so, thus. senatus, us, m. senate, sica, ae,/ dagger.
senectus,
m. situation
sive, conj. wheth-
—
soccus,
ity. si,
—
m. slave.
se Veritas, atis,/ sever-
3. ever-dur-
ace.
some-
ried.
er
seu, conj. see sive.
Inis, n. seed.
seniper, adv. alivays.
c.
esse, tobe placed, bu-
fo preserve. i,
in-'
thing.
sive
1.
;
after
2)mould,fUth. situs, 3. placed;
tude.
servo
thirst
to situs, us,
3. /oo iaie.
sedulo, adv. busily.
sempiternus
3.
servlo 4. to serve.
1. to quiet.
semen,
satum
if
sitis, is,/, thirst.
sow, plant.
2.
sedes, is,/ seat. seditlo,
sation, discourse.
sctfe.
conj.
siser, eris, n. carrot.
sermo, onis, m. conver-
et.
to
deed.
bright, sitio 4. to thirst
/. axe, hatch- serius 3. grave.
is,
securus
sedo
c.
sum
3.
permit, allow.
siquidem,
burial.
dae, prospeiity. securis,
n. grave,
i,
favorable, sequor, secutus
3.
situm
sino, sivi,
ace. to pur- sepulcrum,
1. c.
is,
n. solace.
sole;
so-
16a equi, horseshoe.
j
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
sum
solitus
soleo,
m. breath.
2. spiritus, us,
stultus S. foolish, silly.
splen, enis, m. the spleen. suavis, e, lovely, agreea-
wont
1o he
solitudo, inis,/. solitude. splendeo, ui 2. to shine. sellers,
dextrous, splendid us
tis,
3.
splendid.
splendor, oris,
skilful.
?n.
soUicitudo, Inis, /. soli- spolio
anxious.
sponsum
solum,
ground.
sponsible for.
spurius
3. alone.
solutus 3. unbound. solvo,
utum
vi,
to
somniis,
m.
i,
dream. dream.
n.
itum
ui,
cork
actum
tree.
3. to
work; subjugate.
statim, adv. immediately. subrideo, statio, onis, station.
jectum
3.
risum
2.
subsequor, secutus
ae,y! statue.
sum
3. to follow.
substerno, stravi, stra-
tum
stercus, oris, n. dung.
stimulo
risi,
to smile.
to Stella, ae,/. star.
1.
sweetly
subitus 3. suddenly.
status, us, m. posture.
sound.
of
to subject.
statiia,
sleep.
sonltus, us, m. sound.
sono,
adv.
subigo, egi,
ity.
somnio 1. somnium,
sweet-
agreeably.
to stabilitas, atis,/. stabil- subjicio, jeci,
3.
/
loveliness
be re- suber, eris, n.
stabilis, e, stable, firm.
loose,free.
i,
2. to
spurious.
3.
atis,
ness,
character.
spopondi,
sollicitiis 3.
solus
ble.
suavitas,
deprive, rob. suaviter,
1. to
spondeo,
citude, anxiety.
n.
mag-
nificence, splendor.
solliclto 1. to disquiet.
i,
355
3. to
spread un-
der. goad. subterfugio, ugi, ugisophista, ae, m. sophist. stipendium, i, n. pay. tura 3. to escape. stem, oriSophocles, is, m. Sopho- stirps, pis, subvenio, veni, ventum gin. cles.
sonus,
i,
m. tone.
to
1.
/
sordid us 3. mean. sorex,
sto,
a
m.
icis,
Jkld-
mouse.
statum 1. gained
steti,
stand,
be
to
by,
to succeed.
cost.
sorix, icis,
an
771.
owl.
strenue, adv. vigorously. succenseo, ui, 2. to be
soror, oris,/ sister.
strideo di, 2. to whistle.
sors, tis,/.
stringo, inxi,
sospes,
Itis,
spargo,
rsi,
lot.
safe, sound.
rsum
i,
n.
space,
ictum
3.
tograze,draw{s\No\'A).
3. to strix,
enraged.
succumbo, cubui, cubi-
tum
3.,
to sink under.
igis,/ horned owl. succurro, cursi, cursura
strow, scatter, spread. studeo, ui 2.
spatium,
4. to come to help. succedo, essi, essum 3.
exert
one's
to strive,
en-
self,
3. c. dat. to
as-
aid,
sist.
deavor ; c. dat. to oc- sudo 1. to sweat. cupy one's self zea- sudor, oris, m. sweat. lously toith, favour sugo, xi, ctum, 3. to speciosus 3. striking, some one. suck. [tator. beautiful. spectator, oris, m. spec- studiose, adv. zealously, em, p7'on. of him, [her^ it) self. specto 1. c. ace. to look studiosus 3. c. gen. devoted to ; stud, esse Sulla, ae, m. SvlUt. at, belvold, have somec. gen. to occupy one's sum, fui, esse, to he, he thing in view. length of time.
species, eA,f.form.
spec us, us, m. cave. sperno, sprevi, spretum 3. to spurn,
spero
1. to
to
zealously
\lei.
with,
apply one's self to
something.
studlum
hope.
spes, ei,/ hope.
self
i,
n. effort, zeal,
study.
spiuther, eris, n. brace- stuliitia,
tain
to
;
c.
gen. or
dat. to possess
;
cum
dupl. dat. to tend serve
ae,f folly.
belong, per-
peculiar,
tOy
for somethings
some one.
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
356 summa,
Syracusae, arum./. Sy- tego,
ae,/. sum.
Bummus
greatest,
3.
Syius,
highest.
surnma aqua,
mptum
3.
[sew.
to take.
sutum
suo, sui,
supellex,
ectrlis,
su^erhus
teluni,
mag-
superior,
higher
us,
;
overcome,
to
1.
surpass.
me
alicujus rei,
disgust
talentum,
of such
e,
character
superstes,
c.
itis,
dat.
surviving.
tam
tam,
so;
so
as.
—
Buperstitio, onis, /. su- tamdiu,
1. to
modercUe
sort,
1 cannot refrain from. tempestas, atis,/. time; 2) weather, storm.
templum, i, n. quam, tempus, oris,
such.
;
—
tem-
non temp, mihi quin,
talent
n.
i,
/
peranrx.
in tempero
at something.
talis,
rashly^
ness, hastiness.
(sum of money).
subst. conquerer.
adv.
without reason.
temperantia, ae,
3. silent.
excites
it
me
nifcent.
cov-
n.
i,
temeritas, atis, /. rash-
table.
taedet
S. proud,
board,
to
n. arrow, dart,
i,
temere,
T. Tabula, ae, /.
f.fur- tacitus
niture, utensils.
3.
[ering,
tegumentum,
m. a Syrian,
i,
to taceo, 2. to be silent.
3.
ctum
xi,
cover.
surface of
the water.
sumo, mpsi,
supero
racuse.
tempore, at
adv. so long.
temple.
tim£;
n.
the right
time.
tenax, acis, c. gen. pertamen, conj. yet, stiU. Buperus 3. above ; su- Tamesis, is, m. Thames. severing, tenacious. peri, the gods. tandem, adv. finally, tendo, tetendi, tensum suppedito 1. to furnish. and tentum 3. to exthen. supplex, icis, suppliant, tango, tetigi, tactum 3. tend, distend ; ad alisuppliclum, i, n. puntangi de quid, to strive qfier to touch ; perstition.
coelo, to be struck by
ishm^nt.
suppilco
1.
dat.
c.
to
tanquam, just
entreat.
supra, adv. above.
if,
gupremus
were.
3. last.
3. to arise.
3.
ceptum
undertake,
to
1.
tanto,
comp.)
(in
much
support.
entum
sustineo, inui,
sustain
tes, to act
;
2.
a
part.
his {her,
its),
tardus
terra,
/
atis,
n. back. earth, land.
slow- terrestris,
3. slow. i,
n.
e,
turn (a city). his Tarquinlus,
i,
tectum,
i,
earthly; terrestre,
landfight.
Taren-
terribtlis, e, terrible.
terror, oris, m. terror. m. Tar- testamentum, i, n. tes-
lament,
quinius.
expense.
i,
ae,/
proelium
Tareutum,
tender.
terreo 2. to frighten.
symbolis, de symbolis Tarquinii, orum, m. edere, to eat at comTarquinii (a city).
mon
erum,
to try.
slight.
tergum,
ness.
sust. par-
1.
tenuis, e, slender, smaU,
the.
tardltas,
1. to
2. to
restrain.
so tento
suspect, tantus 3. so great.
to
1.
ntum
teneo, nui,
tener, era,
tantum, only.
to arouse.
imagine. sustento
suus 3. own.
m. Tanta-
ly.
BUspTcor
to
i,
re- tantop^re, adv. so great-
ceive.
Buscito
it
lus.
sus, suis,/ sow, swine,
suscipio, cepi,
as
cfarA:-
ness.
hold, holdfast, occupy,
surgo, surrexi, surrec- Tantalus
tum
as, as, as
though,
as
something. tenebrae, arum,/.
lightning.
n. house, roof
testis, is,
teter,
tvill. c.
tra,
hideous.
witness.
trum, fotd^
;
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. texo,
xtum
xui,
Thebanus,
a The-
Themistocles,
m.
is,
Theophrastus,
m.
i,
Theophrastus. Thracia, ae,/. Thrace, ae,
tibia,
m. Tiber.
/
to
3.
deliver over, give, sur-
a vine
to
timiditas, atis,/ /mM^i-
pass
pass
by,
3. swollen.
disgraceful^
e,
base-
Tnis,/.
ness.
is,/ tower.
ire, to turtur,
m.
iiris,
turtle
dove.
over.
xum
transfigo, xi,
ty.
titnidus 3. timid.
turpis,
turris,
Itum,
li,
cause confur
1. to
sion, disturb.
ae,/ tragedy, turpitude,
draw.
transeo,
under-
/.
base.
traho, traxi, tractum 3.
ui 2. to fear.
turbo
turgidus
render, relate.
tradux, ucis, m.
shin-hone, tragoedfa,
Tigris, is,/ Tigris. tiiiieo,
ditum
branch, vine-layer.
pipe, Jlute.
ae,
garment. turba, ae,/. crowd.
su£, perjorm.
trado, didi,
Themistocles.
is,
handle, pur-
1. to
tunsum
tutudi,
3. to heat, stun.
tunica,
ling, pursuit.
tracto
ban.
Tiberis,
hand-
tractatlo, onis, /.
i, j/i.
tundo,
to totus 3. the whole.
3.
weave, braid.
357
is,/ cough.
3. to tussis,
tutus 3. safe.
transfix, stab.
gressus tuus 3. thy, thine. tyrannus i, m. tyrant. pass over, transigo, egi, actum 3. Tyrlus, i, m. Tyrian. theus. tingo, nxi, nctum 3. to to bring about, trancolor. sact. U. toleranter, adv. pati- transllio, silui, sultum Uber, uberis, abounding in, rich. ently. 4. to leap over.
Timotheus,
tolero
1. to
to
m. Timo-
i,
endure.
tollo, sustuli, 3.
transgredior,
m.fear.
tittior, oris,
sublatum, up,
raise
sum
3. to
Trasimenus, simenus (a
tonsum
putt.
2. to shear.
tono, ui
tridens,
1. to thunde?'. tn.
tonstricula, ae,
barber.
/
afe-
mole barber.
tormentum,
i,
tis,
triennTum,
of
torsi,
tu,
m.
neck-
chain. tis,
m. torrent,
tostum
to dry, roast.
tortus 3. twisted. so
n. the space
i,
many.
totidem, just so many.
2.
n. trophy,
eris, n.
ubicunque,
2) con/,
wherever
ubicunque where in
gentium
all the
world,
ubinam, adv. where then. Ubius, i, n. a Ubian. adv.
where you
will.
ulciscor, ultus
ace. to
hump.
;
as soon as, when.
sad, lowering, ubivis,
sum
take
3. c.
revenge
upon some one. any one.
tueor, tultus sura 2. to ullus 3. behold,
turn,
then
adv. ;
ulmus, i,/ elm. umbra, ae,/ shade. thereupon, una, adv. at the same
keep, protect,
defend.
torreo, torriii,
tot,
i,
trident.
pron. thou.
tortum tuber,
2. to torment, torture,
torrens,
m.
com-
n. torture, triticeus 3. of wheat.
pid, inactive.
is,
im-
three years.
tristis, e,
torpeo, ui, 2. to be tor- tropaeum,
torquis,
tribe,
copiousness.
to uh'i, adv. where
3.
[pc^ny.
us,/
tribus,
eris, n. udder.
ubertas, atis,/ richness^
give,
distribute,
tonitru, u, n. thunder.
torqueo,
utum
tribuo, ui,
tonsor, oris,
m. Tra- uber,
lake).
bear trenio, ui 3. to tremble.
away. tondeo, totondi,
i,
at that time.
time, together.
unda, ae,/ wave. tumultus, us, m, tumult, unde, adv. whence. tunc, adv. at that time, undique, adv. from tumfio, ui, 2. to swell,
then, there.
sides.
all
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
358 ungo,
(unguo),
nctum unguis,
nxi, valetudo, inis, /. health, verbero 1. to heat.
valldus
3. to anoint.
universus 3. whok. unqiiam, adv. ever.
unus
3.
one
only, alone.
;
verbum,
3. strong.
m. nail, claw, vaiinus,
\s,
i, n. word. verecimdia, ae, /. res-
corn-fan.
i,/.
varius
3. various.
varix,
icis,
pect.
vein.
unumquodque, vasto
each one {^S\,
urbanus
belonging
3.
urbs, bis,/,
city.
2.
rsi,
i,
vectis,
to press,
m. a hear.
in
1.
2)]; ut
primurn, as soon as. uter, tra, trum, which of
lever, holt,
utraque,
3.
equo
inc. abl. to be
1.
versus, us, m. a verse. verto,
off.
vel, conj. or
—
;
even
vel, either
—
;
turn; to put vel verus 3.
or.
i,
to
3.
fugam,
to fight. true.
vervex, ecis, m. a weth" er.
velut, adv. even as, as.
vena, ae,/. vein.
3. c. abl. to eat.
vesper, eri
venatio, 6ms, f. a hunt. iis,
in
v.
vescor (without perf!)
n. sail.
two), both.
ad- venatus,
rsum
rti,
\eh\, to ride, he borne
trumque, each (of the
utilltas, atis, /. use,
spring
occupied in a thing.
to carry, bring,
u- vellum,
utilis, e, useful.
a
dies,
vero, conj. hut; 2) adv.
versor
violently,
velox, ocis, swift.
the two.
uterque,
m.
veho, vexi, vectum order
that, thai not, {§ }06);
as[HlO,
is,
nus
vernal; ver-
day.
greatly.
even as.
ut, conj. that,
toll,
m. worm.
is,
3.
vehemens, tis, vehement. (as an answer) yes. vehementer, adv. vehe- Verres, is, m. Verres. inently,
usus, us, m. use. ut, adv. as,
n.
alis,
tax, income.
oppress.
ursus,
vernus
prophet.
to vectigal,
ike city, city-like.
urgeo,
\s,
pect for, to fear. Veritas, atis,/. truth.
vermis,
lay waste.
]. to
wates,
7).
2.
have res-
to reverence,
unusquisque, uuaquae- vas, vasis, w. (plur. vasa, drum, n.) vessel, vase. unumquidque que, end-
sum
m. swollen vereor, veritus
m. a hunt.
evening
;
and ens, m. vesperi,
at
evening.
venator, oris, m. hunter, vester, Ira, trum, your. vantage. utinam, conj. with suhj. vendo, didi, ditum 3. vestio 4. to clothe, attire. to sell. vestis, is,/, a garments, Othat. [to use. cloth. utor, usus sum 3. c. abl. veneo, li, ire, to he for Vesuvius, i, m. Vesuutrum, interrogative sale. word [115, 3. b, d)]. veneror 1. to revere. vius. uva, ae,/ grape. venlo, veni, ventum 4. veto, ui, itum 1. to forto
come.
venor
V.
bid.
1. to
Vacca, ae,/ cow.
ventus,
valde, adv. very much.
vepres,
vems,
hunt.
eris, old.
vetustas, atis,/ age. m. wind. vacillo 1. to rock, waver. Venus, eris,/ Venus, vetustus 3. old. vae, alas! veuustas, atis,/ grace- vexo 1. to vex, annoy. vagor 1. to wander. via, ae,/ way. fulness.
valeo
2.
to
he
well; be
strong,
valeat,
valeant, adieu verber,
to
something;
avail.
;
2) to
is,
m.
thorn- viator, oris, m. traveller. vicinus,
hush, bramble.
sound,
able
i,
ver, veris, n. spring.
monly blows.
eris,
n.
(com-
i,
m. neighbor.
victor, oris, victorious
subst. conqueror.
plur. vtrbera,) \\ctor\a, ae,f. victoi-y. victus, us,
m.food.
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. vid§o,
visum
vidi,
see
to
2.
virus,
n. poison.
i,
pass, seem, vis, [gen.
;
ing
appear. vigeo, ui 2. to be vigor-
;
and
dat.
SS9
voluptas, atis, /. pleas-
want-
ure, sensuality.
plur. vireSjium), volvo,
mul-
f. power, force,
utum
vi,
3.
to
roll.
voveo, vovi, votum 2. to vow. monly \A\ir.) inwards. vox, vocis,/ voice. vigilantla, ae, f. tvatchvisum, i, n. appearance. Vulcanus, i, m. Vulcan, fulness. ae, /. watch, Visurgis, is, m. the We- vulgaris, e, common, vigilla, vulgus, i. n. people, the ser. night-watch. titude.
ous.
watchman. viscus,
vigil, Ills, ?n.
vigilu
vigor, oris,
m. power.
vincTo, nxi,
nctum
vitiositas,
4. to
to
victum
vici,
3. vitium,
bond, vitulus,
n.
i,
vinea, a vine.
vinum, violo
vivus
m. man.
vix,
i,
m. Virgil.
counte-
volo
viridis, e, green.
volo,
man
m.
1.
nance.
calf.
to censure.
victum
3. to
Xenophon,
/.
scarcely.
volui,
Zama, ae,/ Zama, velle,
voluntas, atis,/.
II.
to
Abroad, peregre. Absent, absens,
tis.
Ability, facultas, atis,/
Absent
abesse.
(to be),
(to be), posse, qui- Absolve, absolvere. ;
not able.
nequire.
Abode, domicllium,
i,
n.
Abound, abundare. Abounding in, locuples, About,
Abstain, abstinere.
Abundance, abundantia, ae, / copia, ae,/; to have
circiter.
Above, superus.
Accounted
(to be), exis-
timari, haberi.
Accustomed (to be), solere, consuescere. Acknowledge, confiteri, fateri;
f^^^Vi
profitiri.
abundare Acorn, glans, dis,/
c, abl.
Accompany, comitari.
etis.
zingiber, eris, n. ginger.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
A.
re, valere
Zeno, onis, m. Zeno.
urill.
Abate, mollire.
Able
m.
1. to fly, flutter.
1. to fly.
wish (would). virtue, voliicris, is,/ bird.
bravery.
ontis,
Xenophon. Xerxes, is, m. Xerxes.
hj man.
virtus, utis,
us,
1. to call, invite.
volito
virgo, rnis,y. virgin.
viritim,
expres-
sion, feature,
3. living.
adv
voco
vireo, ui 2. to flourish.
Virgilius,
m.
live.
1. to violate.
vir, viri,
m. vulture.
vultus,
vivo, vixi,
wine.
n.
i.
vultLir, uris,
avoid.
i,
vitupero
clmin.
ivound.
vulpes, is,/ fox.
vitulinus 3. of calf.
overcome.
1. to
n. fault, vice.
i,
1. to
vulnero
vulnus, eris, n. wound.
vidousntss.
conquer, vanquish, vilo
vineulutn,
vice,
atis, /.
vitiosus 3. defective.
bind, restrain.
vinco,
common people.
vita, ae,/. life.
watch.
1. to
(com-
n.
eris,
Accomplished, eruditus 3.
Acquainted with, peritus 3. consultus 3. gnarus 3. c. gen. Acquainted unth (to be),
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
360 novisse
77,
[§
3)]
;
thoroughly, per-
noscere.
cundus
compa-
Acquire, parare,
rare
Agree to (on condition), Ancus Martius, Ancus Martins, i. m. pangere. Agreeable, grains 3. ju- And, et, ac, atque, que.
Acre, jugerum,
not,
neqne
ira, ae,/.
(nee).
iracun-
Agriculture, agricultura, Angry, iratus 3.
Act, agere.
Actor, histrlo, onis, m.
Announce, annuntiare.
ae,/.
Acute, aeutus 3. subti-
.^rrf,
auxilium,i,n.prae- Annoy, vexare.
Announcement, oracui, n. lum, i, n. adjuvare c. ace. succurere c. dat. to Another (of several), a-
sidinm,
lis, e.
accommoda-
Adapted, tus 3.
^^d
dia, ae,/.
m.
n.
i,
3. suavis, e.
Agricola, ae, Anger,
Agricola,
(sibi).
c. dat.
or ad
c.
Aid, .
;
lend aid, opitulari.
acc.
vae
Add, addere.
AlotS
Address, alloqni.
Alcibiades,
./3//^er6aZ,
Adherbal, alis,
is,
!
w^c?mim&Ze,admirabilis,e.
Admiration,
dri,
Antiochus,
Alexander,
ae,/
onis,/
i,
(
= ancient-
ness), vetustas, aiis,/. *6!n7;iZ,
incus,
Anxious
All, ornnes, ia.
Antiochus^
m.
Antiquity
m.
admiratio, .^/exanrfria, Alexandria,
Admire, admirari.
ud.
Alcibiades, Answer, respondere.
m.
Alexander,
m.
llus, a,
Another, alienus 3.
I
ud is,
(am),
/
curae,
niihi est. Admonish, monere, ad- Alliance, societas, atis, monere. Anxiotishf, anxie. / foedus, eris, w. Admonition, adinonitio, Allohroges, Allobroges, Any, ullus 3. Ape, siniia, ae,/ um, m. onis,/
^tforn, ornare,adornare. Ally, socius,
comare. Advantage, n.
Apollo, Apollo, inis, m.
Allow, jubere.
Adopt, adsciscere.
i,
m.
Almost, fere, ferme, pe-
lucrum,
commodum,
emolumentum,
i, i,
i,
ne, prope.
n. Aloe, a]oe, es, f. n. Alone, solus 3. unus 3.
Alps, Alpes,
fructus, us, m.
ium,/
Adversity, res adversae. Already, jam. Also, etiam, quoque.
Advise, suadere.
Mduan,
jiEduus,
i,
Although, quamvis.
m.
Appear,
apparere,
vi-
deri.
Appease, placare. Applaud, ayplaud^re,
c.
dat.
Apple, malum,
i,
n.
Apple-tree, nialus, i,/
Apply
one's self to some-
thing, incurabere in
or ad aliquid. Mmilius, iEmilius, i, m. Always, semper. ^neas, iEneas, ae, m. w3mazon,Amazon,6nis/. Apprehend, vereri, meAmbassador, \egktus^\,m. tuere. Affair, res, rei,/ .^^dct/, affectus 3. Ambuscade, insidiae, a- Appreliension, metU9,us,
rum,/
Affirm, aio.
wi.
.
appropinAmple, amplus 3. quare, adventare. Jlfler that, iwstquam, c. Anaxagoras, Anaxago- Appi'oach, aditus, us,m. ras, ae, m. ind. perf. Approbation, approbatio, onis,/ Against (prep.), adver- Ancestors, majores, um. Ancient, antlquus 3. ve- Approve, approbare, sus. tus, eris, priscus 3. [m. Age, aetas, atis,/ i)robare. Afford, praebere.
Amiable,
arr>abilrs, e.
Approach,
Africa, Africa,/
Agesilaus, Agesilaus,
i,
Anciently, antiqultus.
Arch, fornix,
icis,
m.
~361
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Archimedes, des,
Archime-
aliquo),
interrogare, Await, opperiii.
Axe, securis, is,f.
rogare (aliquem).
m.
is,
Ardea, Ardea, ae,/. Ardor, ardor, oris, m.
Axle, axis,
Ass, asinns, i,m. Assassin, sicarlus,
i,
Ariovistus, Ariovistus,i, Assaidt, oppugnare.
m.
B.
convocare, ^«6?/Zon, Babylon, onis,
Assemble,
Arise, surgere, cooriri,
congregare,
conflu-
Aristides,
Aristides,
is,
Assembly, coetus, us, m. Bad, mains 3.
Assent
m.
to,
Badge, insigne, is, n. Bake, torrere. Band, agmeii, inis,
assentiri.
Aristotle, Aristoteles, is. Assiduously, assidfle.
Assign, tribuere.
m. .^rms, arma,
Army,
orum,
w.
./355isf,juvare,
exercitus, us, m.
Arpinum, Arpinum,
i,
ace.
c.
adjuvare
succurreri,
auxiliaric.dat.
Arpinum
(of), subst.
Ar- Athenian
pinas, atis, m. Artist, artifex,
and
(a.
Atheniensis, icis,
^/.
is,
m. Arrogance,
Attacking, arrogantia,
sagitta, ae,/.
m.
ut,
Attend
quomodo,
quemad-
modum, ac (atque). As if, quasi, ac si, tanquam.
to,
pugna,
proelium,
in somt-
intere;^se
portare, gestare,
Beard, barba,
Attentively, attente.
Atticus, Atticus,
i,
o^,repor-
Beat, ferire.
Atticus 3.
Ascend, ascendere.
Avaricious, avarus 3, gen. Ascertain, experiri, res-
Asia, Asia, ae,/*.
i,
jBeaiffijf«/,pulcher,chra,
i,
Beauty,
clirum.
pulchritudo,
lms,f. Beautifully, pulchre.
[ex,
c.
quia,
one), ulcisci.
ab, Avoid, vitare, evitare.
31
quod,
quoniam. Become,
fieri,
Avenge (one's self on Avert, avertere.
ae,/*.
Beast, bestia, ae,/*.
m.
Avarice, avaritia, ae,/*. Because,
Ashes, cinis, eris, m.
;
tare.
—
ciscere, comperire.
ali-
present,
;
ferre;
Attic,
ae J. n.
;
adesse,
cultus, us, Bear,
Augustus, Augustus, m.
et.
i,
deficere.
attendere. to,
a, urn.
wanting, desse,
As often as, quoties. As soon as, ubi, atque. Autumn, autumnus, m.^ [§ no, 2)] Avail, valere. As well as (also), et
Ask, quaerere
sordidus,
Basely, foede.
qua re
m.
i,
velut. Attentive, attentus 3.
—
make), pa-
(to
thing, versari in
m. quuin,
Bargain
suscTpere.
m. Attention
and/I As,
river), ripa.
Be, esse
onis, f.
Attempt, conari, moliri,
ars, tis, f.
is,
[ae,/!
5anA- (of a
e,
us, m.
oppiignatio,
Attains, Attains,
Artaxerxes, Ariaxerxes,
Artificer, artifex, icis,
expultrix,
cisci.
Attain, assequi.
Airow,
Banisher,
us. Attack, aggredi, adorlri. Battle,
ae, /.
AH,
s.)
m.
n.
uSjjT.
m. Attach on£s self to some Bargain, pangere. one, se applicare ad Base, foedus 3. turpis,
Arrange (line of battle), aliquem. aciem instruere. Attack, impetus, Arrival, adventus,
manus, icis,y.
Assyria, Assyria, ae,f.
n.
[3.
f.
B abylonia?i Jiahy\oni[ia
ere.
exorlri.
m:
is,
m.
it
cet
;
become, 89, 2).
evadere
;
becomes, deit
does not
dedecet.
{k
; :
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
362 Becoming, decorus
amarus,
Bitter,
3.
Before, ante, prius, an-
bus
3. acer-
irrump6re
;
break out afresh, den-
3.
antequam, prkis- Black, niger, gra, grum. uocrumpere; through, perrumpere. that, an- Blind, coecus 3. tequam, priusqiiam. Blockade, obsideo, onis, Breakfast, prandere. tea,
quam
;
/
Beget, gignere. Begin, inclpere,
ordiri,
inis,
m. Bridge, pons,
Bloody, atrox, ocis.
exordiri.
Begun
Breast, pectus, oris, n.
Blood, sanguis,
(to have), cepis-
se.
initium, Beginning, principium, i, n. Beggar, mendicus, i, m.
Bloom, jflorere. Blooming, florens, Blows, verbera, n. Boar, aper, pri,m ;
nus
Belief, opinio, 6nis,y. Believe, credere, putare.
Bellows,
follis, is,
re
Bend,
(§
88, 7).
vires.
Benefit, prodesse.
Besides, porro.
obsidere,
Besiege,
Boeotus,
i,
is,
m.
dex,
icis,
m.
Betraying, onis,/. Bid, jubere.
proditio,
is,
i,
m.
Busily, sedulo.
Business, negotium,
Business,
is,
it is
i,
n.
the busi-
ness of some one, est, alicujus.
m. Busy, sedulus
3.
But, autem, sed, at
Brand, notare.
(^
101. R.).
Brass, aes, aeris, n.
But
Brave,
Butter,
J.
;
comburere.
m.
fortis, e.
Bind, vincire. Bravely, fortiter. Binding (to make), ad- Bravery, fortitudo, stringere.
n.
Bushel, modius,
n.
vepres,
i,
up, deflagrare,
—
back, se Bramble, sentis,
m.
m.
Bundle, fascis, is, m. Burn, ardere, flagrare
Bracelet, spinther, eris,
;
i,
aedeficium,
Building,
liber, bri, m., co-
;
recipere.
tris,
Build, aedificare.
OS, ossis, n.
—
ferre
3.
Brother, frater,
cumsldere. Born (to be), nasci. Born, natus 3. Besmear, oblinere. and, et et. Bestow, largiri, adhibe- Both re, praestare Boiv, arcus, us, m. upon, collocare in c. Boy, puer, eri, m. abl.
Britain, Britania, ae,/.
Broad, latus
Booty, praeda, ae,f. cir- Border, finis, is, m.
Betake one's self, se con-
forward, afferup, edu-
Boldness, audacia, ae,f. Brutus, Brutus,
f. Bone, Book,
Beset, circumsedere.
;
alicui. (s.),
Bolt, vectis,
flectere.
Benefit, utilitas, atis,
;
care.
Belly, alvus, \,f. m. Belong to some one, es- Bold, audax, acis.
se alicujus
3.
Body, corpus, oris, n. Bring war upon some Bodily powers, corporis one, bellum inferre, Boeotian
m.
m.
about, efficere
Behold, adsplcere, tueri, Boat, linter, tris,/. spectare.
tis,
clear), sere-
Bring, ferre, arcessere
tis.
aper, pri, m.
ivild,
(=
Bright
if,
sin.
butyrum,
i,
n.
Butterfiy, papilio, onis, inis,
m.
virtus, utis,/.
Bird, axis, is,f. Bread, pan is, is, m. Birds of passage, volu- Break down (= over- Cabbage, crambe, es,/. cres adventitiae. come), frangere. caulis, is, m. Birthday, natalis, is, m. Break down, rescindere Caesar, Caesar, aris, m. Bite, mordere. forth, erumpe- Call, appellare, vocare, Bithynia, Bithyniajae^/". re, cooriri nominare, dicere in, ;
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. to
dari
c.
mind, recoY-
and gen.
ace.
;
(to
vocari,
be),
nominari,
appellari.
Callisthe-
m. Camel, camelus, nes,
rather, raalle. i, m. Church, ecclesia, ae, /. Chrysogonus, Chrysogonus, i, m.
tere.
Celebrate, celebrare.
Censure,
[^ 84. c)].
Callisthenes,
Choose, ellgere, creare 3.
deslnere, desis- Christ, Christus,
Cease,
vocare.
with Choice, voluntas, atis,/.
curare
gerundive.
con- Cautious, cautus
together,
Called
thing),
vituperatio,
onis,/
Cicero, Cicero, onis, ?w.
Cimon, Cimo,
Censure, vituperare.
is,
Cerberus, Cerberus,i,
m.
i,
363
rn.
onis,
Camillus, Caniillus,i, m.
Ceres, Ceres, eris,/.
Circe, Circe, es,/.
Camp,
Certain, certus 3.
Circle, orbis, is,
castra, pi.
Can, posse, quire. Cannot, nequire. Canal, canalis,
Chain, vinculum,
m.
is,
i,
Circuit, circuitus, us,m.
n.
Citadel, arx, cis,/.
Chalcis, Chalcis, idis,/. Citizen, civis,
n.
i,
CopiYo/, Capitolium,
Caprice, libido,
i,n.
inis,jr.
m
Chance, casus, us,
;
by chance, fortuito.
Change, vicis, is,/. Caph'vc (to take),capere. Change, mutare. Character, mores, urn, Capture, expugnare. Care, cura, ae,/. m. Care, take care, curare, Charge one with somecavere. thing, insimulare aliquern alicujus rei. Careful, diligens, tis. arbitrium,
i,
n.
Charles, Carol us,
Carefully, diligenter.
ae,/
CAecA:,
ae,/
Caria, Caria,
/. City, ui'bs, bis,/. Civil, civilis, e.
Cm7ii?ar, bell nm
civile.
Class, classis, is,/.
Claw, unguis,
is, wi.
Clear, liinpidus, 3.
Clear (not cloudy), serenus, 3. Cleomenes,
compesci.
is, c.
Citizenship, cixitas, atis,
is,
Cleomenes,
m.
Cheer, exhilarare, del- Cleopatra,
Carpenter, faber ligna-
Cleopatra,
ae,/
ectare.
CAee?/M^/?/, hilariter, se- Cliff, rupes, is,/.
rius.
rene.
Carrot, siser, eris, n.
Carry,
m.
i,
diligentia. Chatter, garrire.
Carefulness,
m.
Chabrias, Chabrias, ae, Circle of the earth, orbis terrarum. m.
Capital punishment, su^- Chain, vincire.
plicium,
portare,
ferre
on, gerere over, trajicere
;
;
—
Carthage,
Cheese, caseus,
Clitus, Clitus, i,
m.
Carthago,
i,
m.
Close, claudere. i,
n.
Clothe, vestire.
Cherry-tree, cersisus,i,f.
Cloud, nuhes,
Chicken, pullus,
Club, fustis,
i,
m.
inis,/
Chick-pea, cicer, eris, Carthan. giniensis, is, m. Chief-city, caput, itis, n. Cassius, Cassius, i, m. Childish, puerilis, e. Catch, capere, depren- Children (in reference
Carthaginian,
dere.
m.
i,
Clodius, Clodius,
Cherish, fovere.
Cherry, cerasum,
;
forth, e&erre.
to their parents),
li-
is,
is,
f. m.
Coalesce, coalescere. Coelius, Coelius,
i,
m.
Coin, procudere. Colchis, Colchis, idis,/.
Cold, frigidus, 3.
Cold
(s.),
frigus oris, n.
beti,
;
Cato, Cato, onis, m,
orum, m. (without such
Cause, causa, ae,/
erence),
pueri. Color, color, oris, m.
Catiline, Catilina, ae,
Cause
m.
Cinna, Cinna, ae, m.
(to
do
m.
some-
m.
Collect, colligere.
ref-
Colony, colonia, ae, /.
Comb, pecten,
inis,
m.
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
364 ComCj venire out,
desire to
;
acclre
come,
Confidence (to have),
dem
;
fi-
habere.
evadere, fugere, Confidently, audacter. ; to, ad- Confirm, confirmare.
tra.
together,
;
convenire pass,
——
;
fieri,
to
incidere.
Command, imperare
c.
Confiagration, incendiura,
i.
Convince, persuadere c. dat.
Corinth, Corinthus, i,/.
Commence, aggredi, aus- Confusion
throw
(to
in- Corinthian,
to), pertubare.
picari.
onis, m.
Convict, convincere.
n.
Confused, dissonus 3. Confusion, confusio, 6nis,y.
dat.
sermo,
Conversation,
effugere
venire
Contracted, angustus 3. Contrary (on the), con-
Corinthius
3.
committere Connect, connectere. Cork-tree, suber, eris, n. committere. Conqueror, victor, oris, Corn (a), granum, i, n. m. Cornelius JVepos, CorCommon, communis, e. nelius (i)Nepos (otis), Companion, socius, i. m. Conscience, conscientia, comparare, ae, f, a good conm. Compare, science, conscientia Corn-fan, vannus, i, /. conferre.
Commit,
to,
;
Compel, cogere. Complain, queri;
Consciousness,
of, acciisare.
Complain
(=
weep),
Corrode, exedere.
Consider, intueri, pervj- Corrupt, corrumpere.
with, ohsequi.
Cost, stare, constare.
dere, reputare.
Composed, compositus, Consider
existimare, Costly, pretiosus 3.
as,
habere, judTcare, ar- Cover, tegere
3.
Composition, confectio,
celare
c.
dupLacc. [§91.5.6)].
ducere
bltrari,
dupl.
onis,/. Conceal, occultare, occulare,
ace.
a)].
Consolation, i,
[§
c.
Cough, tussis, is, f. solatium, Counsel, conslUum, i, n.
n. consolatio, onis,
Concede, concede re.
Consort, uxor, oris,/!
Concern, cura, ae,/!
Conspiracy, conjuratio,
Conclude (of a league),
6nis,y!
[i,
wi.
Countenance, 6s, vultus, us, m.
damnare,
condemnare
;
death, capitis.
Constitute, constituere. to
Consul, consul,
lilis,
Consult, consultare.
oris, n.
Country, terra, ae./. regio, onis, /. rus, ruris, n.
ager, gri, m.
Conspirator, conjuratus. Countryman,
icere.
up^
;
obruere.
89. 5. Covetous, avarus 3.
/
Concealed, occultus 3.
Condemn,
eris, n.
Correct, corrigere.
consci- Correctly, recte.
entia, ae,y.
ejulare.
Comply
Corpse, cadaver,
recta.
Conscious, consclus 3.
i,
rustlcus,
TO.
m. Courage, animus, i, m. aequo Courageously,
animo. Condescending, submis- Consume, absumere, exedere, comedere. sus 3. Course, cursus, us, m. Condition, conditio, Contempt, contemptio, Cow, vacca, ae,/ bos, onis, /.
onis,/.
bovis,c.
Conduce to something, Contend, certare, de- Cowardice,\gn-dyia, ae,/. certare. Cowardly, ignavus 3. for some one, esse c. dupl. dat. [§ 90. 4. Contented, contentus 3. Crassus, Crassus, i, m. a)].
Confer, conferre. Confess, confiteri.
Continue, pergere.
Continuous, 3.
Creaky crepare.
continuus Create, creare. Creator, creator, oris, m.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
Day, dies, ei, m. by day, Deprive, privare, spo-
Crime, scelus, eris, n. Croak, coaxare.
Croesus,
Croesus,
Crop, messis,
is,
;
se-
f.
liare c. abl.
interdiu.
in.
i.
365
Dead
cadaver,
body,
deridere,
3.
;
to
hold Descend, descendere.
carum habere. Descendant,
dear,
irri-
dere.
eris, n.
Dear, carus
ges, etis,/.
Croton, Croto, on is, m.
Deride,
proles, is,/.
Desert, deserere, relinDeath, mors, lis, /. Crow, corvus, i, m. quere. Cruel, saevus 3. imma- Decay, interire, occidere. Desert, meritum, i, n. nis, e. Cruelty, crudelitas, atis, Deceive,
delu- Deserve,
fallere,
num
dere.
/.
December,
mereri, esse
dig-
of
;
something, mereri de
Crush, contimdere.
December,
Cry, clamare.
bris, m. Deaxase, decrescere.
Designedly, consulto.
Dedicate, dedicare.
Desire, cupido, inis,/,
Cry
(plaintive), querela,
ae,/.
Cucumber, eris, m.
Deed, factum,
cucun\is,
i,
aliqua re.
cupiditas, atis,/, ap-
n.
Deep, altus 3. Cultivate, colere, exco- Defend, defendere. Delay, cunctari. lere. Cultivation,
Cunning, astutia, ae, Cup, calix, icis, m.
f. Deliberately, consulto. Delicate, tenuis, e.
Curb, continere, com- Delight, pescere, perdomare.
Cure, curatio, onis,/.
Cure,
sanare
mederi
ace;
c.
tum,
Despise, contemnere. Destitute,
permulcere.
i,
of,
exsors,
opis;
expers,
rtis, c.
rtis,
gen.
3.
from something,
ere,
dimere, evertere,
excidere. Destruction, exitlum, n. pernicies,
i,
ei,/
liberare aliqua re, le- Destructive, perniciosus
care.
Cyrus, Cyrus,
i,
m.
vare
c.
abl
up,
;
D.
Dagger,
Delphi, Delphi,
rere.
Demand, postulare, pos- Determine,
Daily, quotidie.
cere,
saltare.
Danger, periculum,
orum, Deter, deterrere, abste-
m.
sica, ae,/.
3.
Deled, detegere.
iradere.
Dance,
inops,
delectare, ob-
lectare,
resecare, dese- Deliver
off,
Despair, desperare.
n.
m. Delightful, jucundus suavis, e. Custom, mos, oris, m. Customary, usitatus 3. Delightfully, suavlter.
Cut
[pldus 3.
Desirous, avidus 3. cu-
Delight (with), libenter. Destroy, delere, destru-
c. dat.
Curius, Curius,
concupiscere,
oblectameni,
Delight,
unre-
;
cupere.
consultare.
cultus, us, m.
m.
oris,
strained, libido, inis,/
deliberare, Desire,
Deliberate,
culture,
petitns, us, m., ardor,
deposcere
;
back, reposcere, Detraction,
\,n.
constituere,
decernere. obtrectatio,
Demaratus, Demaratus, Dare, audere. onis,/ i, m. Darius, Darius, i, m. Deviate, deflectere. Darkness, caligo, inis,/ Demolish, evertere. Devote one^s self, se deDart, telum, i, n. Demosthenes, Demosdere. thenes, is, m. Datamas, Datamas, anDevour, devorare. tis, m. Dense, densus 3. Dialect, dialectus, i,/ Daughter, filia, ae,/. Deny, negare. Diamond, adamas, an-
Dawn,
illucescere.
Deplore, deplorare.
31*
tis,
m.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
366 Dtan«, Diana, ae,/.
haurire
Dismiss, dimhtere. obtrectare
dictator, oris, Disparage,
Dictator,
m.
Dispel,
Dionysius, Dionysius
i,
m.
discutere,
ab-
e,
difficllis,
Difficult,
arduus
gravis, e.
3.
difficultas,
Difficulty,
atis,/. Difficulty, ivith difficulty, difficiliter.
together,
Dream, somnlum,
n.
i,
Displease, displlcere.
Dress, vestire. Drink, potus, us, m. Drink, bibere.
Disprove, redarguere.
Drive hack, propulsare.
stergere.
Disperse, dispergere.
Different, diversus 3.
forthf
;
;
contrahere.
c. dat.
Die, mori, obire.
ellcere
Disputation, disputatio, Drive
off,
explodere.
Drunken, ebrius 3. Disquiet, exagitare. Duck, anas, atis,/. Dissatisjied (to be) with Duty, oiSicrum, i, n. musomething, indignari nus eris, n. it is th£ duty of some one, alic. ace. / am dissatonis,^!
;
Diffuse, diffundere.
Dig, defodere
;
out
;
or up, efFodere, eru6re.
isjied ivith
poenitet
something,
me
cujus
est.
alicujus Dwell, habltare.
rei.
Dignity, dignitas,
atis,
/
amplitudo, inis, gra vitas, atis,/.
Diligence,
/., Dissolve, dissolvere.
Dissuade, dissiiadere.
diligentla.
ae,/. diligens,
tis,
inis, n.
Each of
two,
utraqiie,
Distaff, colus, i,/.
Distinction,
Diligent,
E. Each, omnis, e, quisque.
Dissent, dissentire.
uterque,
utrumque.
discrimen, Eager, avidus 3. Eagerly, avide, cupide.
Distinguish, dijudlcare, Eagle, aquila, ae,/.
industrius 3. Diligently, diligenter.
Ear,
distingufire.
auris, is,/.
Diminish, deminuere, Distribute, distribiiere, Early, maturus 3 too dispertire, dividere early, praematurus 3. comniinuere, minuEarly (adv.), mature. ere. c. dat. ;
Earth, terra, ae,/. telDiphthong, diphthon- Distrust^ diftidere. lus,uris,/ humus, i/. gus, i./ Disturb, turbare, solliEarthly, terrestris, e. incomcitare. Disadvantage,
modum, num,
i,
i,
Disagreeable,
dus
3.
n.
dam-
n.
tio,
onis,/.
3. in-
suavis, e.
Discharge, fungi.
mo-
tus.
injucun- Divine, divinus 3.
ingratus
Discipline,
perturba- Earthquake,ten'a.e
Disturbance,
Easily, facile.
Do, agere, faceye.
Easy,
J^og, canis,
East, orlens, ntis, m. Eat, edere, vesci;
is, c.
facllis, e.
Ddlar, thalerus, i, m. down, depascere. domesticus3. Dominion, dominatio, iJc/jo, echo, us,/ imperium. Edifice, aedificlum, onis,
disciplina, Domestic,
ae, /.
Discord, discordia, ae,
/
/
i,
i,
n.
Effect, efFicere, creare.
n.
Door, fores, pi./. Effectual, efFicax, acis. effeminaDoubt, dubltare. Effeminate, tus 3. Discourse, oratio, onis, Doubtful, dublus 3. anceps, cipltis. Effort, studlum, i, n. aut or, aut. Either Disease, morbus, i, m. Dowry, dos, dotis,/
Discover, prosplcere.
Discourse, loqui.
/
—
Dishonorable, inhones- Draught, potus, us, tus 3.
Draw,
»n.
vel
—
—
vel.
trahere, ducere, Elbe, Albis,
is,
m.
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
367
Eled^ eligere, deligere. Enter upon, ingredi. Ever, unquam. Enticement, illecebra, Every, omnis, eligans, tis.
Elegant
J
ae,/.
Elegantly, eleganter.
Elephant, i, m.
e, (^ 94.
11).
elephantus, Entreat, rogare, preca- Evidently, plane. ri, petere (ab aliquo). Evil, malus 3.
Entreaty
Elicit, elicere.
Elm, ulmus,
obtain Evil
(to
by), exorare.
i,/.
(s.),
malum.
Evil-doer, maleficus,
i,
m. Epaminondas, Epami- Examine, exquirere. ae,/. nondas, ae, m. Example, exemplum, i, Eloquent, disertus 3. Embrace, amplecti, Ephesian, Ephesius, 3. n. complecti. Ephesus, Ephesus, i,/. Excel, excellere. Embr aider, Q.CU pingere. Epicurus, Epicurus, i, Excellence, praestantia, Eminent (to be), emlae,/. m. nere. Epirus, Epirus, i,/. Excellent, praestabilis, Emit, evomere. e, eximlus 3. praeEqual, aequalis, e, par, Emotion, perturbatio paris. stans, tis. onis,/. Equally, aeque. Excite, excitare, excieEmperor, imperator, 6- Equanimity,a.equus anre and excire. eloquentla, Envy, invidia, ae,/.
Eloquence,
vis,
m.
imus.
Emulate, aemiilari. Encompass, cingere. i,
n.
Erectheus, Exert one^s
m.
ere.
m.
Endeavor, studere.
con-
stm- Exertion, contentio, 6nis,/. labor, oris, m. Exhaust, exhaurire m. entirely, eneca-
Err, errare. Error, error, oris, Escape, effugere c. ace.
finire.
self,
tendere, intendere.
hortari, ad- Erect, aedificare,
finis, is,
nis,/. Exercise, exercere.
Erectheus, ei,
hortari, cohortari.
End, End,
prius-
quam.
Encounter, proeljum,
Encourage,
Exercise, exercitatio, o-
Ere, antequam,
re.
Endowed, praedltus 3. Establish, cavere. Exhilarate, exhilarare. Endure, ferre, tolerare, Estate, res familiaris. Exhort, hortari, adhorsustlnere, perferre Esteem,a.Qs\iu\kve (magtari. ;
(=
du-
last),
rare.
Enemy,
hostis,
inimicus,
i,
m.
is,
di-
aestimare,
censere.
aeternus
sempiturnus
3.
atis,
frui,
perfrui
c.
abl.
Enjoyment, fructus, m.
Enough, sat, satis. Enraged, irritatus Enrich, augere. Enter, intrare.
3.
us,
igere.
tia,
experien-
ae,/.
Explain, expllcare, in-
tis,/.
Etruria, Etrurla, ae,/.
n.
Expect, expectare. Expel, exterminare, abExperience,
3.
Eternity, aeternltas, a-
liiere, elidere.
Enigma, aenigma,
Exist, esse.
etc.), diligere.
Eternal,
m,.
Enfeeble, hebltare,
Enjoy,
ni
Estimate,
Eumenes, Eumenes,
is,
terpretari.
Explore, explorare.
m. Expression, vultus, us, Eurystheus, Erystheus, m. ei, m. Extend, tendere. Europe, Europa, ae, /. Extirpate, exstirpare. Evening, vesper, eri, Extinct (to become),
and
Even
eris, if,
m.
etiam
extingui. si.
Extinguish, extinguere,
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
368
Fear
Extolj praedicare.
Extracts
make
(to
from), excerpere.
ExuU,\aet\imexu\ta.re,
Eye, oculus,
m.
i,
exceedingly, exti- Flax, carbasus, \,f. Flaxen, flavus 3.
mesc6re. Fear (to put
per- Flee, fugere
in),
Fled,
terere.
c.
ace.
classis, is,/.
Fleeting, fluxus 3.
Feel, sentire.
Feeling, sensus, us, m. Flesh, caro, carnis,/.
F.
Fell, caedere.
Fabius, Fablus,
m.
i,
Flight, fuga, ae,/.
Fencer, gladiator, oris. Flight (to put
Fable, fabula, ae,/.
m.
Fabncins,F'dhncius, \,m. Fetter, compes,
idis, /.
def icere.
Few, pauci,
pulcher,
Fair,
conflu-
Flower,
flos, floris,
m.
Fluency of speech,
(in war). Fierce,
Fall, labi
icis,
m.
3.
together,
6re.
Field-mouse, sorex,
perf idus
inis, n.
Flourish, virere.
Flow
Field, ager, gri, m.
Faithful, fidus 3. Faithless,
ae, a, pi.
chra, Fidelity, fides, ei,/
ehrum.
Flock, grex, gis, m. ag-
men,
Faculty, facultas, atis,/. Fever, febris, is,/. Fail,
fu-
to),
gave.
saevus
fa-
cundia, ae,/.
3.
down, Fiery, ignfius 3. Fly, musca, ae,/. Fight, pugna, ae,/. Fly, volare. to one^s lot, contin- Fight, pugnare, dimi- Follow, sequi, consegere, obtingere aliqui c. ace. care, confligere, conoccidere
;
procumbere
;
cui.
gredi.
False, falsus 3.
Fill,
Far, longe.
refercire
Fate, fatium,
tuna, ae,
i,
n.
for-
/
Father, pater,
Foolish,
ae./
m. i, m.
i,
stultus 3.
in-
sipiens, ntis.
m.
Find, invenire, reperire. Foot, pes, pedis, m. Find satisfaction in. Footman, soldier, ^edes, acquiegcere c. abl. or itis, m. n. pecin c. abl. conquies- Forbear (can not), facere c. abl. cere non possequin.
tris,
socer,
m.
Fault, vitlum,
up, Fool, stultus,
;
explere, opplere.
Finally, denlque.
Father-in-law, eri,
Folly, stultitia,
implere, complere. Food, cibus,
i,
catum, i, n. Fault (to commit), pec- Finger, digitus, care.
Finish,
i,
m.
finire.
Forbid, vetare.
Force,
vis,
vim,/
Forehead, frons, ntis,/ m. Firm (to make), confir- For how much ? (with Favor, beneficium, i, n. mare. verbs of buying and benefactum, i, n. Firmness, selling), quanti. constantla, Favor (to do), gratiam ae,/ Foreign, alienigena, ae, facere. First, at first, primum. m. alienus 3. Favor, favere. Fish, piscis, is, m. Foresee, providere. Favorable (to be), fave- Fit, aptus 3. idoneus 3. Foresight, providentia, re. Fitted, aptus 3. idoae,/ Fear, metus, us, m. tineus 3. Forget, oblivisci c. gen. raor, oris, m. pavor. Fitly, apte. [g^re. or ace. oris, 7/z. i^/omf, flamma, ae,/ jPorm, conformare, finFear, timere, vereri. Flatter, adulari, blan- Former, pristinus 3 ; in metuere, reformidadiri. [oris, m. former times, anti-
Faustulus, Faustulus, m.
re.
i,
Fire, ignis,
Flatterer,
is,
assentator,
quitus.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Formerly, quondam.
Gain,
Forthwith, continuo. Fortify, munire. Fortuitous, fortuitus
3.
Fortunate, hesitusS. felix, icis, prosper, era.
G. lucrum,
quaestus, us, m. Garden, hortus, i, m. Garland, corona, ae,/. Garment, vestis, is,/.
i,
Foi^tune, i'ortuna, ae,/.
Gazelle, oryx,
yg'is,
Fortune
General,
feliciter.
(gifts of), for-
tunae.
tra,
foedus
filthy),
Foul
3.
teter,
(=
trum; sordidus
3.
deed, flagitium,
i.
Government, imperium,
m.
\,
n.
Governor,
moderator,
m.
rector, oris,
oris,
cis, c.
m. plerumque. ii, m. Gram, frumentum, i,n. Grammar, grammatica, ingenium, i, n.
Generally,
Genius, genius,
ae,/. Grand-son, nepos, otis, m. Germania, Grand-daughter, nep-
Gentle, placidus 3.
German, Germanus,
n.
mo-
Governess, moderatrix,
m.
dux,
ae,
derari.
imperator.
oris, m.,
m.
i,
icis,/.
Gaul, Gallus,
Fortunately,
Gordius, Gordius, Gorgias, Gorgias,
m. Govern, gubernare,
Gate, porta, ae,/
erum.
Foul,
n.
i,
369
i.
Found, condere. m. JPozmc?a^2ow,fundamen- Germany, tis, is,/. tum, i, n. ae,/. \m. Founder, conditor, oris. Get one^s self ready. Grand-father, avus, i, expedire. m. Fountain, fons, ntis, m. Giant, gigas, antis, m. Grape, uva, ae,/. Frail, fragllis, e. Frailty, fragilitas,atis,/ Ginger, zingiber, eris,n. Grappling-iron, harpain^'eerfom, liber tas,atis./.
Give,
dare,
Freeze, frigere, algere.
tendere
;
Frenchman, Francogal-
self up
to,
lus,
i,
m.
at-
one^s
indulgere
celeber,
dat.
;
/
e.
forth, exire out, excedere
c.
accedere away, abire. Goad, stimulus, i, m. God, deus, i, m.
terrere.
atrox, ocis.
to,
Frog, rana, ae,/ Fruit, fructus, us, m.
Fruitful, ferax, acis
gen.
Gold, aurum,
i,
magnus 3
;
very, ingens, ntis.
Golden, aureus 3.
Full, plenus 3.
Good, bonus
Full
Good
(s.),
Greece, Graecia, ae,/I
Greedy, avidus 3. Greedily, avlde.
;
Gree^
;
Greek, Graecus 3.
;
Green,
;
Green
(s.),
Graecus, i,m,
virldis, e.
(to be), virere.
Grief, moeror, oris, luctus, us,
Grieve, dolere.
Ground, solum, Grow, crescere
3.
bonum,
m.
m.
Grotto, specus, us, m.
n.
Fulfil, explere.
(to be), scatere.
Great,
;
Friend, amicus, i, m. Glory, glorlari. Friendship, amicitia, ae. Go, ire, pergere around, circumire ; Frighten, terrere, per6acA;, recedere horibllis,
»«.
cedere.
bris, bre.
Frightful,
go, onis,
Gravity, gra vitas, atis,/.
way. Greatly, valde, vehementer, admodum. Glide away, dilabi, ela- Greatness, magnitude, inis,/ bi. c.
Frequent, frequentare.
Frequented,
tribiiere;
attention,
Freely, libere.
i,
n.
old,
i,
n.
;
consenescere.
Goodness, honitas, atis. Guard, custodire ; he Fulvia,Yu\\'m,SLQ,f. Furniture, suppellex, on one's guard, ca/. ectilis,/. vere. Goose, anser, eris, m. '
370'
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. He, she, it, is, ea, id. Head, caput, Itis, n.
Guide, regere. Guilt, culpa, ae,J'.
GymnastiCjgymnicus 3. Health, valitudo,
Homer, Homerus, i, m. Honor, honos, oris, m. decus,
inis, jT.
Heart,
ll.
Hadrian, Hadrianus,
cordis, n.,
cor,
animus, i, m. Heat, calor, oris, m. Hair, crinis, is, m. ca- Heaven, coelum, i, n. pillus, i, m. Heavenly, coelestis, e. Hah-y, pilosiis 3. Heavy, gravis, e. Hedge around, sepire. Half, dimidium, i, n.
Honorable, honestus 3.
i,
Halicarnassus,lia\\car- Height, altitudo,
Hand, manus,
Hand
manum
cum
Horace, Horatius, i, m. Horn, cornu, us, n. Horse, equus, i, m. Horseman, eques, itis, m.
c.
Helmet,. ca^^\s, idis,/".
us,/*.
in hand,
conserfire
honoriftciis 3.
Hope, spes, ei,/. Hope, sperare.
inis,jr.
Heir, haeres, edis,
ali-
co-
lere.
m.
nassus, i,f.
oris, n.
Honor, honorare,
Hear, an dire.
Helplessness, inopia, ae. Hostile, hostilis,
e.
Hour, hora, ae,f. House, domus, us, /.
f.
quo. Hen, gallina, ae, /. Hannibal, Hannibal, Hence, hinc. aedes, is,y. alis, m. Hephaeston, Hephaes- How, qui. tlo, onis, m. Happen, acddere, evenHow long, quamdiu. ire, cadere it hap- Herb, herba, ae, How many ? quot ? f. J9ens, accidit, contin- Hercules, Hercules, is. How much? quantum? git. m. Hoiv often ? quoiles ? Jferrf, grex, gis, m. Happily, feliciter. However much, quam;
Happy,
ic\9,hea.- Hesitate, duhltavec. inf.
felix,
Hew,
tus 3.
Hard, durus 3. Hardship, aerumna,
High, ae,
f
altus
A/g-^,
Highest,
Hare, lepus,
oris,
m.
Hasten,
3.
summus
;
mentum,
impedin.
Hunter, venator,
Hatch, excludere. Hate, odisse, [k 77. 3). esse. Hated greatly, perosus Hipparchus, 3. chus, i, m.
Hating greatly, pero- His,
her, its,
sus 3. Hatred, odium, i, n. Have, habere, esse
94.
self,
is,jr.
Hunger, esurire. Hunt, venari.
i,
e.
tuber, eris, n.
oris,
m.
Hindrance (to be), ob- Hunter''s-net, cassis, is stare, (commonly j?/wr.), m. impedimento
propere.
(§
Hiss (§
in, te-
3),
sese habere. us,
ae, m., rusticus,
suus, ejus. Hut, casa,
exsibilare.
m.
I.
ae,f
Hoarseness, ravis, is,y.
obtmere
back, retlnere.
Home R.).
ae,f
3—5).
History, historta,
one^s
;
Haven, ponus,
off,
Hurt, laedere.
Hippar- Husbandman, agricola,
use. Hold, tenere,
in
;
uti c. abl.
Hump,
etc.
Hindrance,
up, advolare.
nere
aX\s,f.
Humble, humllis,
3.
m.
is,
3.
humanitas.
Himself, of himself, sui. Hunger, fames,
accellerare
Hastily, propere, prae-
90.
very Humanity,
;
praealtus 3.
Hill, collis,
Harrow, occare.
vis.
Human, humanus
exasciare.
(at),
domi.
(§
;
I,
ego.
Ice, glacies, ei,jf.
Ides, Idus, ium,jf. Idle, otiosus 3.
92. If,
si.
Ifnot,nm.
i,
wi.
,
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. If
augere,
tametsi, Increase,
etsi,
alsOf
ac- Intelligent, prudens,
crescere.
etiamsi.
Incumbent on some one honestus 3. (to be), esse aliciijus. Ignominy, ignomima, a.e,f.
••
•
•
ignorantia,
do, inis,/".
ae,y. Ignorant, ignarus 3.
Ignorant
Ill
Indolence,
malevolus collustrare.
Image, imago, Imitate,
imitari c.
(§ 89. 2).
ace. [y.
invenire,
Invent,
re-
inventrix,
in- Inventress,
^e. Investigator, mdrngiiXYW.
ignavla,
icis,/!
f. pigritia, ae,/". inae, f. ties, ei,y.
Indolent,
Inis,/*.
^,
icis,y.
ertia,
3.
Illuminate,
(§88.10). Ijitermix, admiscere.
dignari.
male.
disposed,
is interest-
in, interest, refert.
perire.
igno- Indignant (to be),
(to be),
ed
Indicate, indicare.
rare, nesrire. //Z (adv.),
quidem (stands the word to which it refers).
one
Interest,
Indeed,
after
tis.
consuetu-
Intercourse,
i^no6/e, illiberalis, e, in- Incredihle,\ncredihl\l8,e.
Ignorance,
371
segni- Invincible, invictus 3. Invite, invitare.
gra, lo, lo, us,/.
piger,
grum, tardus navus 3.
3.
iracundus 3.
ig- Irascible,
iracundia,
Irascibility,
Imitation,\\mt2itlo,bms, Indulgent to [to hG),\n-
ae,/.
Immature, imm^tnru^^. dulgerec.dat. [/. /reZawc?, Hi berma, ae,/. Immediately, extemplo. Industry, industri'a, ae, Iron, ferrum, i, n. statim, protinus. Inflame, accendere, in- Iron, of iron, ferreus 3. Immense, ingens, ntis. cendere. Irruption (to make), irImmodesty, immodestia, Inform, edocere. rumpere. ae,/.
/wmorZ«Z, imraortalis, Immortality,
e.
atis,/.
que
noxlus
nosus ^wjwn/,
3. Isocrates,
dam-
Isocrates,
is,
m. Issus, Issus, i,/.
3.
ae, /. It is the part
injuria,
ofFensio, onis,/.
of some
one, est alicujus.
Inmost, intimus 3. Innocence,
num
(c)].
Italy, Italia, ae,/.
innocentia, Ivory,
ae,/.
of
ivory,
ebur-
n€u»;;3.
temeritas,
v^^
:
,
'
c.
dupl. dat.
manner
—
115. 3. b.
Insolence,
ducere,
dare,
vertere like
possible that ?
[§
perniciosus 3.
Impious, impius 3. Implant, igignere. Import, importare. Impress, inipremere. Improve, emendare. Impunify, impunitas,
In
it
Injure, nocere, obesse.
immortal- Injurious,
itas, atis,/.
Impute,
Inhabitant, incola, ae,m. Is
—
as, ae-
atque(ac).
Innumerable, innumer-
together,
gere.
""""'•'-v.^^
/. disputatio,6nis,/. Joint, aiticulus, i, m."'^ Instruct, erudire, infor- Journey, iter, itineris, n.
Incite, incitare.
mare, edocere.
Include, contTnere.
/wcoMf", vectigal, alis,n. Instruction,
meritas, atis,/.
m. conjun-
Jest, lepor, oris,
Join
abllis, e.
Inquiry, quaestio, onis,
Inborn, insitus 3.
Inconsideratencss,
.J.
atis,/.
te-
•
Inconsiderately, temere.
Inconstancy, inconstantia, ae,/.
Journey, proficisci.
institutio,
onis,/. Instructress,
ae,/.
Joyfidorjoyous,\aetus3. magistra,
mens, ingenium.
/ttrfg^,
judex,
icis, »i.
Judge, judicare, existi-
ae,/*. Intellect,
J
tis,
f.
mare, sentire. Judgment,'}udiCium,\,n.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
372
Jnguriha, Jugurtha, ae,
navare alicui
peram
m. Julia, Julia, ae,f. Julius Caesar, Julius,
i,
Caesar, aris, m. June, Junius, i, m. Junius, Junius, i, m.
rei, o-
collicare
in
Length
(of time), lon-
ginquttas, atis, f.
Less (adv.), minus. aliqua re. Labor, laborare, elabo- Letter (epistle), epistola, ae,y. litterae, arum,/". rare.
Lacedemon, Lacedae- Letter ^6f the alphabet), littera, ae,/. mon, 6nis,y. Juppiter, Jovis, Lacedemonian, Lace- Level, adaequare. Liar, rnendax, acis. daemonius, i, m.
Jupiter,
m.
'
Lake, lacus, us, m.
Just, Justus 3.
Liberal, ingeniius 3.
Licentious, petulans,tis. Lament, lugere. Just so many, totldem. Land, by land and by Licentiousness, petulantia, ae, jf. Just so much, adv. (with sea, terra marlque. verbs of valuing, es- Language, lingua, ae. Lie, situm esse
Just as,
sicut
ut,
;
teeming, buying, sellf. oratio, 6nis,y. ing), tantidem. Lark, alauda, ae,/. Last, extremus
K Keep from, arcere.
Latin, Latinus
Key, clavis, is,/.
Latium, Latium,
Lije, vita, ae,/. lAght, lux, lucis,y.
n.
i,
outright, enecare. n.
Lawgiver, ris, m.
Kindly, benevole.
Kindness, beneficium,
i.
bene factum, i, n. King, rex, regis, m. Kingdom, regnum, i, n.
Lay
legislator, 6-
before,
waste, devasta- Literature,Viterae,a.rum, re,
popular i.
/• i,
n.
back, rediicere
non igout, educeie. non esse nes- Leader, dux, cis, m.
cius
not
know,
ig-
n6rare,j3k(eseire.
tedge,
f
peritia, ae.
cognitio, onis,/.
Known, cognltus 3
—U
is
known,
Stat.
;
—
con--
perexigiius 3.
Little (to esteem), parvi aestlmare.
Live, vivere, ver^ari. Leafy, frondosus 3. League, foedus, eris, n. Lively, alacer, cris, ere.
Leap,
salire
desilire
down iwer, jecur, jecinoriSjW.
?=:
over.
;
Learn, discere. Learned, doctus
Living being, animans, antis.
transilire.
Leave L.
exiguus 3; very
Little (adv.), paullulum.
;
nare,
to
Little, little,
fectly well,
;
;
;
;
per-
e.
proponere Liofi, leo, onis, m. apenre, Listen to, exaudire.
Lead, plumbum, Lead, ducere
Knee, genu, us, n. Knot, nodus, i, m.
Like, similis,
Limb, membrum, i, n. artus, us, m. Line (of battle), acies, ei,/. to arrange in a line, aciem instruere.
open,
n.
scire
e.
Laugh, ridere. Laugh, risus, us, m. Law, lex, gis,f.
:
Kind, genus, eris, Kind, benignus 3.
Lightning, fulgur, uris, n. fulmen, Inis, n.
3.
exani- Laudable, laudablhs,
occidere,
mare, necare
a false-
(to state
hood), menth-i.
Lasting, diuturnus 3. Later, posterior.
Know,
Lie
.3.
Keep, servare.
Kill,
by, adjacere.
Liivy, Livius,
Load, onus,
3.
i,
m.
eris,
^^
j^
I loathe some^hing, me taedet alicujus rei. Lofty, excelsus 3. \m.
behind, destitue- Loathe,
re, relinquere.
Leg, crus, unH^n. Labof, labor, oris, m. Labor (to bestow on Legion, legio, onis,/. something), operam Leisure, o\\um,
\,
n.
Z(0?7cre;',
cunctator, oris,
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Long, longus 3
373
of Magnesia, Magnesia,ae, Maturity,
;
Maturitas,
atis,/. long continuance, d\uf. magnifi- Means, opes, um, /. Magnificent, turnus 3. facultates, um,/ cus 3., snperbiis3. Longing, desiderium, i,
n.
Make, facere, reddere
^^
Look ouTjorsmiel'liSi^^^ curare c. ace. curam habere,
gen. pros-
c.
picSre,
provide re,
consulere,
c.
Look
;
re
;
——
inferre
ivar upon.
helium
all-
i,n.
Meet
(adv.),
obvlam.
Membrane, membrana, ae,/.
cui.
Memory, memoria, ae,/.
Malice, malitia, ae,/.
dat.
Measure, consilium,
good, praesta- Measure, metiri.
Loquacious, loquax, acis, garrulus 3.
3. Metal, metallum, i, n. m. Metellus, Metellus, i, m. vir, viri, m. Mid-day, xneriAXeB, t,i,m. Man hy man, viritim. Migrate, migrare. to Manage, administrare. Mild,m\i\s, e;
Loquacity,
Mane, juba, ae,/
upon
intueri
;
into, inspicere.
iroo5e, solvere.
garrulitas.
Malicious, malevolus
Man, homo,
inis,
Manlius, Manlius,
become, mitescere.
m. Milesian, Milesius, i, m. Lose, perdere, emittere. Manner, modus, i, m. ; Milk, lac, ctis, n. (with a moral Milo, Milo, onis, m. Loss, damnum, i, n. atis,/.
amor,
majoris, Miltiades, Miltiades,
reference),
Lot, sors, tis,/
Love,
oris,
m.
i,
is.
m.
m.
caritas, atis,/ Many, multi, ornm'. Mind, animus, i, m.; very many, complu(state of ), mens, Love, amare, diligere ; res, a and ia, plures, tis,/ in return, reda-
mare.
Low, Us
Low
a,
humilis,
Marble, marmor,
3.
state (to
be
in), ja-
cere.
Lower
regions,
orum, m. Lowery, tristis,
inferi,
oris, n.
M.
Misfortune,
calamltas,
malum, i, n. Mist, nebula, ae,/ mar- Mistress, domina, ae,/
Maratho,
Marble, of marble,
moreus
3. i,
m.
atis,/
Misuse, abuti
c. abl.
Mithridates,
Mithrida-
m. Mix, miscere. tes, is,
March,
iter, itineris.
Mxrc/t, proficisci.iter fa- Moderately, modice. cere.
Moderation, moderatio,
Marcus Agrippa, Marcus,
i,
Agrippa, ae, m.
onis,/ without moderation,'mtemper-
Margin, margo, inis, m. anter. Marsh, pal us, udis,/ Modest, modestus Marry (of the woman), pudlcus 3. nubere c. dat. Modestly, modeste.
3.,
Massagete, Massagetes, Modesty, modesiia,ae,f.
Macedonia, Macedonia,
ae,/ onis,
Marathon, onis, m.
Marcellus, Marcellus,
e.
Ludlius, Lucilius, i, m. Luxuriously, luxuriose. Luxury, luxuria, ae,/ Lycurgus, Lycur^us, i, * m. Lydia, Lydia, ae,/ Lying, mendax, acis. Lysander, Lysander, dri, m.
ae, m.
Master, not
Macedonian,
Mindful, memor, oris. Minerva, ae,/
gen. ium.
infer- Maple-tree, acer, eris, n, Minerva,
e.,
Macedo,
Magian, magus,
pos, otis, ntis.
7rt.
i,
m.
Matter
32
Molon, Molo, onis, mr^ im- Money, pecunia, ae,/ impotens. Month, mensis, is, m. of,
[/ Monument, monumen(glairs), res, r6i,
turn,
i,
n.
I
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
374 Moon,
luna, ae,/.
More, plures, lum.
JVeck-chain, torquis,
gen.
a,
is,
m. JVeed, indigere c. abl.
Mortal, mortalis,
Most, plurimus
e.
need
there is
;
opus
of,
—
hut also,
modo (tantum)
non
—sed
etiam.
nondum.
JVot yet,
est.
3.
JVot even, ne-quidem.
JVot only
'
Must
plurlme.
JVeedy, inops, opis.
Mother, mater, tris,/.
JVeglect, negligere.
(adv.),
^i^ ri (iyii
ii
ij_^
i;lMiiliilt
-
JVotion, notio, onis,/.
Move, movere, commo- JVeigh, hinnire. vere ; out, emi- JVeighhor, proximus, i, m. grare. JVeither (of two), neuMound, ager, gri, m. ter, tra, trum. Mountain, mons, ntis, JVeither nor, nee (nem. nee (neque). que) Mov^e, mus, muris, m. JVero, Nero, onis, m. Mow, metere. Much, multus 3 for JVerve, nervus, i, m. much, (with verbs of JVever, nunquam. buying and selling), JVevertheless, taraen. magni (§ 88, 9). JVews, nuntius, i, m. Much (with verbs of A^ex<, proximus 3. valueing and es- JVicomedes, Nicomedes, teeming), magni. is, m.
— —
;
J^ourish, nutrire, alere.
November,
JVovember,
m. JVow, nunc, jam. now, modo JVow bris,
—
—
modo. noxius,
JVoxious,
a,
urn.
JVuma PompUius, Nu-
ma
Pomilius
(ae)
m. JVumantia,
(i),
Numantia,
ae,/.
JVumber, numerare. JVurse, fovere.
multitude, J\ight, nox, noctis, /.; by night, noctu. inis,/. copia, ae,y.
Multitude,
JWitnt^cen^jmunifreus 3. JVigUingcde,
Murderer, oris,
interfector,
(a.)
nullus
JVo, see §
that! utinam
c.
nemo
Obey, obedire, obsequi,
obtemperare parere. 115, 5
;
no.
Object, res, ei,/.
nay, rather, (in opp.). Oblivion, oblivto, onis,
immo
JVame, nominare.
Napoleo,
JVapoleon,
3.
(inis) c.
N.
O.
O
O,
Subj.
ae,/.
JVo
m.
Must, debere.
luscinia,
onis, m.
(§
1
15, 5).
/.
Obscure, obscurus 3.
JVoble, praeclarus 3.
(= noble born) Observe, observare. Obtain, adipisci. ingenuus 3.
JVoble
JVarrative, narratio,6nis,
/
Occasion, occasio, onis,
JVobly, praeclare.
JVarrow pass, angustiae, JVobody, nemo (gen. /. Occupy one's self zealarum,/. and abl. not used). ously unth something, JVoctumal, nocturnus S. JVaiion, ivdtio, 6ms, f studiosus esse alicuJVatnral, naturalis, e. JVoise, fremitus us, m. jus rei, studere aliA^a^ire, natura, ae,/. jVb/a, Nola, ae,/ cui rei, operam naJVavigate, navigare, JVo one, nullus 3. nevare alicui rei. mo (Inis) c. JVavigation, navigatio, onis,/. JVot, non; (with Imper. Ocean, oceanus, i, m. J^ear, prope.
and Subj. of encour- Offended
Jvearly, prope, paene.
aging), ne.
JVot
J^eat, lepldus 3.
JVecessary tet,
(it
is),
opor-
opus est res or re.
merely
—
non solum am.
(to
suc-
be),
censere, irasci
c.
dat
but also, Offer, deferre.
—sed
eti-
Office,
munus,
eris, n.
Offspring, proles, is,/.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. saepius
Oftener^
very Ought, debere.
;
Our, ours, noster, trum.
often, saepisslme.
oleum, i, n. Old man, senex,
Oil,
senis,
m. iitis.
f.
Older, major,
On
account
R.
(§ 88,
One of
causa
of,
3).
one
the
alter
—
ipsorum,
rum,
(§ 94. 7).
ipsa-
alicujis est.
Pelopida, P.
—
the other.
ae,
Pain, dolor, oris, m. Paint, pingere ;
out, expingere. Onyx, onyx, ychis, m. Open, aperire to stand Palace, domus, us,/. Palate, palatum, i, n. open, patere. Opinion, opinio, onis, /. Pale, pallidus 3. sententia, ae,/ exis- Pardon, venia, ae,/ timatio, onis,/ Parents, parentes, ium, 3. c. Opposite, ad versus contrarius 3. Parian, Partus 3. ;
Oppress, urgere.
Or, aut
;
Parricide,
a double
(in
question),
an
;
nee ne, annon.
m.
mon i,
i,
m.
com-
;
p©ple, vulgus,
n.
Pepper,
piier, eris, n.
Perceive, ajnoscere.
Perform,
perpe-
fingi,
trare.
Perhaps, fotasse. Pericles, Pe*icles,
ei,/ jube re.
Orrfer,
Order, in order that,
Permitted
n.
Partaking ;
battle, acies.
is, m. i,/
of,
particeps,
i,
m.
Persian ut; Pass (time), agere, exm. praeterere.
in order that not, ne.
Ori^'n, origo, inis,/
cupiditas,
Ornament, ornatus, us, m. libido, inis,/ m. Past, praeteritus 3.
Orpheus,
m.
ei,
onis,/
peat'is,
P«
P/iiZ?)?,
is, c.
Pausanlas,
ae, m.
Other, the other of two, Paij^
erum.
Pest,
Pasture, pasci. Patiently, patienter.
|>end6re,
bellum
Persian war, Persicum.
Phaedo, m.
Ostentation, ostentatio, Pausanias,
ae,/
Persa, ae.
[s),
Persian, Perslcus 3.
igere,
atis,/ appetitus, us,
Ornately, ornate.
permanere,
perstare.
trausire, Persia, Persia,
over,
licet.
3.
Persevere,
Partner, soclus,
Pass
(it is),
Pernicious, perniciosus
cipis.
Orestes, Orestes, ae, m. Passion,
Olherwise, aliter.
jopulus,
gens, Uis, /.
Perish, pere;e.
da, ae, c.
i,
Order, ordo, inis,
alter, era,
People,
parrici- Period, perlidus,
(a.),
Part, pars, rtis,/
n.
i,
Orator, orator, oris, m.
Orpheus,
Pelopidas,
m.
or not. Parricide, parricidium, PermiV, sineie.
Oracle, oraciilum,
of
liarit[
Pedestcd^hasis, is,/.
c.
alteru-
alter.
it is a pecuof some one,
ip- Peculiaity,
3.
sius,
utrum.
n.
i.
Pear-tie, pyrus, i,/.
Peculia, proprlus 3.
Ox, bos, ovis,
the two,
ter, utra,
Pear, jTrum,
Overcome, superare. Ovid, Ovidius, i, m.
Oum, proprlus
One, unus 3.
One,
Peacok, pavo, onis, m.
dat.
major na- Owe, debere.
tu.
Peac{to make), pacem^ coipOnere. Peac^l, beatus 3.
susperstes, Peacejdly, beate.
Outliving, itis, c.
Old age, senectus,
tra,
375
\s,f
Phaedo, onis, Philippus,
orum,
i,
w.
Philippi,
Philippi,
?«.
,
Philosopher, '^philosd-
praes-
tare.
Peace, pax, pacis,/
phus,
i,
m.
Philosophise, pliari.
philosfi-
376
/ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
PhUosophy,i>h{\oshhia, Poet, poeta, ae, m.
ae,/
Point
Pkocion, Pliociojonis,
Precept, preceptum,
describere.
icis,
Phjbnix,
m.
virus,
[m. I
Physician, medcus,
i,
Piety, pietas, all,/.
i,
i,
n.
m.
i,m.
uiis,yi
Pine, [)inus,
P^WIJj papaver,
i,|.
m.
po-
c?iip),
i,
m.
[esse
c.
Possess one's self
of,
;
po-
Pity (it excitis my), me tiri c. abl. miseret (a|icujus). Possessed of, compos, Pity, mlser^i c. gen. ; otis c. gen. [onis,/ to have ^ity, mise- Possession, possesslo. reri. Possible (it is), fieri poPlace, locua i, m. test it is not possiPlace, ponire, ble but that, fieri non in c. ;
—
abl.
potest quin.
I
n.
i,
gen. Present with, donare.
Po55es5, tenere, habere
P%, miseric^rdia,ae,/.
donum, munus, eris, n.
us,/. Present,
Posidonius, Posidonlus,
nere.
to be, adesse.
eris, n.
I
Pitch (of a
praesens, lis;
Present,
i,/.
Pisisfratus, Piistratus, Portico, porticus, i,
an-
praeferre,
teponere. Prepare, parare.
m. Po/j/ar, popul us,
\,
Preeminence, virtus, Prefer,
opis.
I
pere. Predict, praedicere.
n.
Pompey, Pompeius, Pond, lacus, us, m. Pool, palus, udis,/
Pilot, gubernatr, oris, Poor,;?awj9er, er is, in ops,
PiWar, Pindaas,
praepro-
Precipitately,
Poison, venenum, Phoenician,
i,n.
out, consigiiare, Precious, pretiosua S.
I
Preserve, servare
(=
;
conservare.
i)rotect),
Preside over, ])raestare, praeesse c. dat. Press, premere.
simulatio,
Pretence, onis, /.
Pretor, praetor, oris, m.
Prevail upon by entreaty,
exorare.
Place somening around Post, pot?tis, is, m. Prevent, itnpedire, prosomethink or sur- Post (of honor), honos, hibere obstare c. round 8(}mthing ivith oris, w. dat. ;
Pound, libra, ae,/. ahquid alicui, or Pour forth, effundere. aliquem aliqua re. Poverty, inopla, ae, /. PZam, campus, i, m. paupertas, atis, / P/an, consiliurp, i, n. Poifjer, vis, (nom. and Plant, planta, »e,/ dat. plur. vires, ium). something, cii'cumda-
Previously, prius.
re
Prick, pungere.
Plato, Plato,
ojiis,
amoenus
tia,
alicui.
ae,/ opes,
opulentus
Plough, arare. P/mcA:, eve Here. Plumtree, prunus, i,/ Plunder, dirlpere. m.
Poem, carmen, inis, poema, atis, n.
/
onis, •
3.
i,
ae,/
preceptum,
n. doctrina,
ae,/
Proceed, proficisci.
(
=
Productive, fecundus 3. era,
frugifer,
Progress
(to
make), pro-
piomittere,
habit). Promise,
consuetudo, inis,/
erum. [ficere.
fertilis, e.
exercitatio.
[m^ Practice, atis,
Pluiarch, Plutarchus,
um,/
Poiyer/w/, poten s c. gen.
3.
Please, placere, probare
PZe«5wre, voluptas,
Principle,
vigor, oris, m. poten- Produce, gignere.
m.
Play, ludere. P/efl5an/,
Pride, superbia,
polliceri profiteri.
Pronowwce,pronuntiare, one hapeloqui Praise, laudare, collaudare bene dicere c. py, fortunatum praedicare aliquem. dat. Prayers, preces,um,f. Proper, it is proper for Praise, laus, dis,/
;
—
;
i,
n. Precede
some one, praecedere alicui.
me, decet
c.
ace.
it is
not proper, dedecet.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Properly,
rite,
Pythagoras, Pythagoras, ae, m.
probe.
Prophet, vates,
is,
m.
377
Recently, nuper. Recollect, recordari.
Recompense,
Propitious, propitius 3.
merces,
edis,/. Q. biliter. Quantity, numerus, i. Recover, convalescere. Propose, proponere. m. vis (gen. and dat. Red, ruber, bra, brum. wanting, plur. vires. Redound, redundare. Propriety (of conduct),
Proportionately, aequa-
lum),/.
honestas, atis,/
Refer, referre.
secun- Queen, regina, ae,/.
Prosperity, res
dae, fortuna, ae,/.
Question,
Prosperous, prosper, era,
nis,/.
erum.
Reflect upon, cogitare.
quaestio, 6- Reflection,
Refresh, recreare.
Quickly, cito.
Prostrate, prosternere.
Quiet
Protect, custodire.
Quiet
Protection, tutela, ae,/
praesidiurn,
i,
[s.),
quies, etis,/. JRe/w^e, receptus, us,
quietus
(a.),
3.
tranquillus 3. Quiet, sedare.
n.
Provoke, lacessere. [/. Prudence, prudentia ae, Prudent, prudens, tis. Ptolemy, Ptolemaeus, i. m. Pungent, acerbus 3. Punic, Punicus 3.
regnum,
tran- Reign,
i,
Rejoice, delectare,
bris,
m.
gau-
dere. Relate, narrare,
memo-
rare.
Raise, perciere, or per- Relieve, levare.
Religion, religlo, onis,/.
cire.
Rank, ordo,
inis,
m.
Religiously, religiose.
Remain, manere, reRapid, rapidus 3. manere. [tis,/ Rare, rarus 3. Rashness, temeritas, a- Remarkable, insignis, e. Rather, potlus.
Punish, punire, multa- Reach, pervenire. re. Read, legere ; Punishment, poena, ae, perlegere ; through, supplicium, i, n. to, recitare. I*urplefsh, niurex, ic'is, Reading, lectio, onis,/ m. \n. Ready, p'romptus 3., Purpose, propositum, i, paratus 3. [us, m. Pursue, persequi, con- Readiness, promptus, sectari some- Reap, metere. thing earnestly, studi- Reason, ratio, onis,/ osum esse alicujus Reason, there is no reasrei ; literature, on that, non est quod,
/
;
Remedy, remedium, i, n. Remedy, mederi. Remember, remi nisei, memini, recordari c. gen. or ace.
Remembrance, memor^af ae,/ Remind, commonere, commonefacere. Remove, resecare.
Removed (to be), abesse. Remus, Remus, i, m. Renew, refricare. nihil est quod with- Renown, fama, ae, /, out reason, temere. gloria, ae,/
literas tractare.
;
Pursuit, tractatio, onis, studium, i, n. Recall, revocare. Renowned, clarus Pylades, Pylades, ae, m. Receive, accipere, suscibllis, e. Pyrenean, Pyrenaeus 3. pere. Repair, sarcire.
/
Pyrrhus, Pyrrhus,
n.
Reign, regnare, dominare, imperare.
Provident, cautus 3. Race, genus, 6ris, n. Province, provincia, ae. Rage, saevire.
Rain, imber,
7».
Region, reglo, onis,/. Reject, rejicere, respuere.
Proud, superbus 3. Quietly, quiete, Provided that, modo, quille. dummodo. [ae,/ Providence, providentla, R.
/
cogitatio, 6-
jois,/.
i,
m. Received, exceptus
32*
3.
Repd,
pellere,
3.,
no[re.
repelld-
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
378 poenitere
Repent,
maturus
I Ripe,
;
repent of something, Rise, poenitet
me
Report, fama, ae,/.
nis,
inis, n.
probrum, opprobrium, i,
Reproach,
Salutary,
is,
Rock, rupes,
um,
turpitudo, inis,/.
idem
is,/.,
Rome, Roma, ae,/.
Reprove, castigare.
Roman
upon
Rub Rub
something.
(s.),
reparare,
Rude
re-
cuperare,
rudis
Retain, retinere. Retire, recedere, disce-
Rule
go
to,
maledicere,
c.
over,
itis,
in-
;
/
arum,/ .
Right
(a.),
rectus
Rightly, recte.
3.
i,
m.
[m.
ligiose.
Sea, mare,
tum,
»See,
e.
3.
[itis.
is,
n.
ma-
i,
condimen-
n.
seditio,
[m. onis.
videre,
Saguntum,
deprehendere. comprehendere, ca-
>S'eize,
pere, i,
conspicari,
carnere.
sospes. Seek, quaerere.
n.
velum,
i,
Scrupulously, sancte, re-
Sedition,
atis,/
Sail,
dere. Scruple, scrupulus,
sanctitas. Seditious, seditiosus 3.
Sacredness,
Saguntum,
m.
conra-
Seat, sedes, is,/
n.
Ridiculous, ridiculus 3. Safety, salus, litis,/ Right, jus, juris, n.
m.
ae,/
Scipi,o, Scipio, onis,
Seasoning,
J§M
Ridge (of mountains). Sad, tristia, jugum, i, n. Safe, tutus
i,
instruction,
^^^'^*
Sacredly, sancte.
Ride, equltare.
Scholastic
Season, in season,
Sacred ntes, sacra,6rum,
locu-
(§
77. Rule).
Scythian {s.),Scytha,Sie,
;
z*'*^
pies, etis.
Riches, divitiae,
c.
in, irruere.
Rhine, Rhenus, Rich, dives,
imperare
diffliiere
i,n.
i, m. Rhodes, Rhodus, i,/
dat.
inquam
Say, dicere,
Scrape together,
through, percurrere.
Rush
Reivard, praemlum,
c.
Save from something. servare ex or ab aliqua re.
institiitio scholastica.
[dat.
to,
dat.
Save, parcere
School, schola,
dilabi.
carpenter's),
(a
Run, currere
remeare.
Reverence, \ereri. Revile,
gen.
e, c.
to
re.
jRe/urn, redire, reverte-
Satirize, perstringere.
Scholar, discipulus, unskilful).
Rule, regere, guberna-
dere.
Sappho, Sappho, us,/
Scarcely, vix.
amussis, is,/
Return, reditus, us, m. re,
=
(
Ruin, Rule
Restrain, coercere.
Sapid, sapidus 3.
thoroughly, perfri- Scatter, disjicere.
care.
niti c. abl.
Restore,
detergere.
off,
Samnis,
(s.),
m. Romanus, Sanction, sancire.
m. Request, petere, rogare J2omaw (a.), Romanus 3. (ab aliquo). Romulus, Romuhjs, i,wi. Resist, resistere. Roof, tectum, i, n. Resound, resouare. Rope, restis, is,/ Resounding, resonus. jRowg-/i, asper, era, erum. Resource, opes, um. Round, rotund us 3. Responsible, to become Rout, fundere. responsible, spondere. Royal, regius 3. Rest
same
at the
itis,
i,
Rest, quies, etis,/
;
time, simul, una.
Samnite
Reproach, maledicere. Reputable, honestus 3.
sax-
n.
i,
e.
i,
Roar, rudere.
i.
n.
salutaris,
saluber or bris, bre. m. amm. flumen, Same, is, ea, id ; very same, idem, eadem.
River, fluvius,
Repose, requies, etis,f.
m.
Salt, sal, salis,
alicujus Rising, ortus 3.
rei.
n.
Sailor, nauta, ae, m.
3.
oriri.
n.
occupare, ca-
pessere.
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Self, ipse
Snares, insidrae,arum,/.
Should, debere.
94. 6).
(§
379
Self confidence, audacia, Shout, clamor, oris, m. Snow, nix, Show one's self se prae- So, ita so ae,/. bere, se praestare. quam Sell, vendere. tantus 3 Senate, senatus, us, m. Shun something, aver-
nivis,y*.
—
;
great,
;
Send, mittere
for,
;
Shut, claudere.
accire.
sensus,
Sense,
mens,
tamdiu
sari.
tis,/.
Sensible, prudens,
;
dum, quamdiu, quoad [§ 110, 4)]; many, tot, in-
decl.
tra.
tis.
l^^ng,
;
as,
m. Sick, aeger, gra, grum. Side (on the other), con-
us,
i
so as, tarn-
Sentiment, sententia, ae, Siege, obisdio, onis, obsessio, 6nis,jr. /•
f
soon as,
;
ubi, simulac (atque) [§ 110, 2)].
Separate, separare, dis- Sight, conspectus, us,m. Socrates, Socrates, is,m.
Sign, signum,
ci ude re, secerriere.
Sepulchre, sepulcrum,
i,
is
n.
i,
;
it
some
the sign of
one, est alicujus.
n.
Serious, gravis, e. Serve, servire.
inis,/.
Silent (to be), tacere.
Solon, Solo, onis, m.
/
Sin, peccatum,
proficisci.
Several, plures, a,
plures, a
and
com-
[f
Severity, severitas,
atis.
Shake, convellere, labe-
quum.
lam
ashamed of something, me pudet
Sink, demergere
;
doivn, desidere
Sister, soror,
Sit,
sedere
dns,f
communlcare cum
Size,
aliquo.
Skilful, peritus 3., pruin,
particeps,
cousors,
tis.
magnitudo, inis,/.
dens,
one, allquis, a, id.
Sometime, aliquando. Sometimes, interdum. Son, fillus. i, m. Son-in-law, gener, eri,
tis c.
Sky, coelum,
Shear, tondere, radere. Slave, servus,
gen. i, i,
[pore).
Soon, mox, brevi (temSooner, prior. Sophist, sophista, ae, m.
Sorrow, aegritudo, at
;
table, accubare. alicujus rei (§ 88. 1). some one, Situation, locus, i, m.
ipis,
Some
Soothe^ lenire.
;
Share with
Sharing
Some, nonnulli.
m.
Sing, cantare, canere.
under, succumbere.
factare.
Sliame,
n.
i,
Sin, peccare. Since,
ia.
Severe, gravis, e.
Soul, animus, i, m. Sound, integer, gra,
grum. Sow, serere. Spain, Hispanla, ae,y.
Spaniard, Hispanus,
n. m..
cere:
somnus,
Shin, crus, uris, n.
Sleep,
Shine forth, elucere.
Sleep, dormire.
(S/ti/?,
navis, is,/!
brevis,
short (sc.
time,
e
m.
;
Short time, paulisper.
bri,
spectator,
m.
m.
animus, i. m. mens, tis,/. ingenium, i, n.
Spirit,
Smile upon, arridere. Smith, faber,
oris,
oratio, onis,y.
brevi Small, olfacere.
tempore).
c. dat.
Sparta, Sparta, ae,f. Speak, dicere, loqui.
Speech, sermo, onis,
3.
in Small, parvus, 3.
i,
m.
Spectator,
[i,n. Slender, gracilis, e.
Shipwreck, naufraglum. Slim, procerus Short,
i,
Inis,
/
Shepherd, pastor, oris, Slay, occidere, interfi- Spare, parcere
m.
m.
Solid, solid us 3.
n.
i,
itis,
Solicitude, soUicitudo,
Silence, silentia, ae,y.
Silkworm, bombyx,ycis, m. Servitude, servitus, Otis, Silver, argentum, i, n. Set out on a journey, Simple, simplex, Icis. Service, officium,
Soldier, miles,
m.
I
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
380
tendere
Spiritedly, acriter.
Splendid, splendidus nitidus 3.
3.,
\m.
;
reluctari
— ;
something,
against, Sweet, dulcis,
— against
niti, in ali-
e.
Swift, celer, eris, ere, velox, ocis.
Splendor, splendor, oris,
quid
Split, diffindere.
petere, expetere, sec- Swiftness, celeritas,ati8,
m. Spread, pandere; Sport, ludus,
tari.
i,
— (=
/•
Strong, valid us 3.
Study, studium,
cover), oblinere.
Spring,
to obtain, Swiftly, celeiiter, cito.
;
i,
Swollen, turgidus 3. n.
ex- Subdue, domare, perdo-
oriri, casci,
oriri. mare. Spurn, spern6re, asper- Subject, civis, is, c. nere, fastidire. Subjugate, subigere. Spy, explorator, oris, m. Succeed, succedere. Stab, confodere. Such, talis, e ; is, ea,
Stability, stabilitas, atis,
Sudden, subitus
Sword, gladius, i, m. ensis, is, m. ferrum, j,n. Syracuse, Syracusae,
arum,/. Syria, Syria, ae,/! id.
3.
T. Tabu, tabula, ae,/.
Table (to sit at), accuf. perpetuitas, atis,y; Suddenly, subito. Stadium, stadium, i, n. Suffer, pati, perpfiti bare. Staff, scipio, onis, m. from, laborare Take, capere, adimere ; Stand, stare. c. abl. away, toll^re, Star, Stella, ae,y. auferre, demere, adSufficiently, satis. rei- Suitable, idoneus, a,um. State, respublica, imere Jire, expublicae, f. ci vitas, Sulla, Sullae, ae, m. ardescere; from^
—
;
atis,y.
at the
;
cost
Summer,
of the State, publice. Sun, Station, statlo, onis, f. Statue, statua, ae,y.
aestas, atis,
sol, sol is,
f
m.
self
Still,
Surely, certe, sane.
adhuc, porro.
Surface, aequor,
Stone, lapis, idis, m.
of
Stone,
deus
3.
tollere
;
of, tip.
;
upon
;
one's self suscipere.
Talent (sum of money), talentum, i, n.
Tame, cicur, uris. Tame, domare. Tanaquil,
Tanaquil,
[ilis,/.
oris, n.
Tarentum, Tarentum,
[m. i, m. Tarquin, Tarquinius, i, Superbus, Surprise, obrepere c.dat. Tarquinius
Surpass,
lapi-
stone,
facessere
possession
occupare
onis,/.
one^s
;
off,
Superstition,8uper8titio,
Stay {= large rope), Suppliant, supplex,icis. rudens, tis, m. Supplicate, supplicare. Steel, chalybs, ybis, m. Supply, suppeditare. Steep, praeceps, cipitis, Support, fulcire. arduus 3. Supremacy, principatus, Step, passu s, Qs, m. us, m. summum imStern, puppis, is,y*. perium. Stick, haerere.
eripere
praestare,
c.
dat.
Supe^Tarquinius Surrender, tradere. Storm, procella, ae, f. Surround, circumdare, bus, m. tempestas, atis,y! cingere, ambire ; of- Tarquinius, Collatinus, Strengthen, firmare. Tarquinius, Collatifundi alicui rei. [tare. Stretch, tendere. nus, m. Surviving, superstes, Stork, ciconia, ae,y.
Strife,
lis,
litis,/.
Strive,
studere
petere
c.
c.
ace,
Taste,
itis c. dat.
Sustain, sustentare.
Strike, ferire.
dat., Swalloiv,
niti
hirundo,
ad Swear, jurare.
aliquid„tendere, con- Sweat, sudare.
gustare, degus-
[/ Teach, docere inis.
ace.
[^
c.
dupl.
89, 5. b)].
Teachable, docilis 3. Teacher,
praeceptor,
;
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
381
Thornbush, sentes, ium, Trace, vestigium, i, n. Track, vestigium, i, n. Tear in pieces^ lac^rare, Thou, tu. Trader, mercator, oris, dilacerare. Thoughtless, levis, e. m. [m. Tell, dicere. Threaten, minari; (= Traitor, proditor, oris, Temple, templum, i, n, impend), impendere, Trajan, Trajanus, i, m. immin^re. aedes, is,/". Transgress, migrare, c. tener, era, Threatening, minax, aTender, ace. [gestire. erum. cis. Transported (to be), Tenderly, pie. Three-headed, triceps, Travel through, emetiri. m. magister,
6ris,
tri,
—
Terrible, terribilis, e.
Territory, finis,
is,
Thales, Thales,
is,
Thames, Tamesis, m. Than, quam.
Thanks
(to
give),
is,
id
ille, a,
;
T^t,
dere.
ea,
ud.
—
tanto.
Theban Thebanus,
Thence,
illinc,
Theophrastus,
pii^-uPhrastus, ^There, ibi.
i,
n.
inde.
Theo-
[um. Tribune of
ita.
a,
i, m. Time, tempus, oris, n. Time, long time, diu. Timid, timldus 3. Timoleon, Timoleon, ntis, m. Timotheus, Timotheus, i, m. Tire out, defatigare, de-
i,
labor,
m.
oris,
Tomi, Tomi, orum, m. There are, sunt is, Tomorrow, eras. est. Tongue, lingua, ae, /. J%ermopylae, Thermo- Too much, nimium. pylae, arum,y. Tooth, dens, tis, m. "^^k, crassLis 3, Torment, cruclare, vex7liicktt, frutex, icis, m. are, torquere. Thing, res, rei,^*. Torrent, torrens, tis, m. ;
Trojan, Trojanus 3.
TVoop, agmen,
inis, n.
Troops, copiae,
arum,/
Trouble, molestia, ae,/
aerumna, ae,/. Trouble, angere
;
one's self about something, curare altquid,
operam
dare.
Troy, Troja, ae,/. m. Truce, indutiae, arum,
opera, a,/.
m.
people,
the
tribunusplebis.
Troublesome, molestus 3., impoi tunus 3.
Together, una. Toil,
Tremble, contremiscere. Trench, fossa, ae,/.
or thine, tuus,
m. Thebes, Thebae,arum,y. Themistocles, Themistocles, is, m. fetisci. Then, turn, deinde. Titus, Titus, i,
[J,
Treat, tractare.
Tiberius, Tiberius,
see §
the (with
quanto
Thy
nis,/.
Treason, proditio, onis,
pollex, icis, m. Tree, arbor, oris,/
Thunder, tonitru, u,
the comparative), quo eo,
out, extru-
;
gra- Thunder, tonare.
is,
;
not,
105—108. The so much
— —
re
Thus,
ud
iste, a,
that
Thrust doum, detrude-
Thumb,
tias agere.
That,
Treachery, proditio, 6-
cipjtis.
m. m.
—
/• True, verus
Trunk
3.
(of a tree), cau-
dex, icis, m. Trust in, fidere c. abl. Trust one, credere, fidere, fidem habere, alicui.
Truth, Veritas, atis,/I
Think, putare, arbltra- Torture, cruciatus, us, Try, tentare, conari, ri, exist! ma re, cogim. tormentum, i, n. experiri. tare;
of,
med-
itari.
Thirst, Thirst,
sitis, is,/. si tire.
This, hie, haec, hoc.
Torture, cruciare, tor- Tullus Hostilius, Tulquere. lus Hostilius, m.
Tourh,
tangere
attin-
gere, conting6re.
Tower,
turris,
is,
/*.
Turn
out,
evadere
;
—
out well, continggre
—
towards. cDuver-
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
382 tere
— upon
;
some- Untimely
things defigere in c.
p-
3.
7)jrant, Tyrannus i, m. c. abl. Tyrian (s.), Tyrlus, i, m. Upright, probus
hon-
Uprightness,
eris, n. is,
m.
Use, usus, us, Use, uti
Useful,
c.
m.
Unarmed, inermis,
sententia, ae,/.
Vint-hranch, tradux, u-
utTlis, e.
Useless, inutllis, e.
anceps,
Vain, irrltus 3.
cipitis.
3.,
atrox,
tis,
ocis.
Vain, in vain, nequic- Violently, graviter.
Understand, intelligere,
quam.
Virgil, Virgilius,
Valuable, carus 3.
tenere.
mens,
Value, preiium,
Value,
tis,/.
Undertake,
violentus
vehcmens,
V.
3.,
Uncover, detegere.
Understanding,
m.
cis,
Violate, violare.
Violant,
e.
Uncertain, incertus
conspectus, us,m. {== sentiment),
Vieiv,
Vieiv
Vigorously, strenue.
abl.
Utica, Utlca, ae,/.
litis.
?«.
i,
Victory, victoria, ae,/.
probitas,
atis,y!honestas,atis,/.
Umhrenus, Umbrenus, i, m. Unacquainted ivith, ignarus 3. imprudens,
Vice, vitium,
Vicissitude,v\c\s, vicis,/.
Uprightly, probe.
U. Ulysses, TJlixes,
vex
;
vitiositas, atis,/. 3.
estus 3.
Udder, uber,
facessere
to death, ei\eciive.
Unwise, insipiens, tis. Vexation, angor, 6ris,w. Unworthy, indignus 3. Vice (= viciousness),
abl.
Twisted, tortus
intem-
(adv.),
pestive.
snscip^re,
n.
i,
Unfavorable, iniqilus 3.
Virtue, virtus, utis,/.
aestlmare, cen- Virtuous, honestus 3.
sere magnietc.
Voice, vox, vocis,/.
Volcanic, ignivomus 3.
Vanish, a vol are.
moliri.
m.
i,
Virgin, virgo, inis,/.
Vanquish, vincere, de- Vow, yovere.
vincere. C7rj/bre5cen,i mpro visus3. Vulture, vultur, uris, m. Unfortunate, calamito- Vapor, vapor, oris, m. Variance (to be at), disW. sus 3., miser 3. cordare. Wages, stipendium, f^n. Ungrateful, ingratus 3. discolor, Wait, expectare. Uninjured, integer, gra, Variegated, *'
grurn.
Walk
oris.
Unintelligent,
impru-
Various, varius
3.
(to
lare
;
ambd-
take),
— go
to walk,
ambulare. Vein (swollen), varix, Unite, conjungere, conicis, m. Walk upon, inceder©. cilia re. Venison, caro ferina, Wall (of a house), ''paUnjustly, injuste. earn is ferinae. ries, etis,/! (S6 a protection ), moenia, Unknown, incognitus. Veires, Verres, is, m. Versed in, peritus 3., Unless, nisi. ium, n. (a* Unlike, dissimllis, e. consultus 3. structure), munus, dens,
tis.
—
—
Unmindful
mor
c.
of,
imme-
gen.
Unprnfitahle, inutllis,
e.
Unrestrained, effusus 3.
Unripe,
immaturus
3.
Unskilful, imperitus 3. Until,
dum.
donee,
Very,
admodum,
valde.
Very often, persaepe. Vespasian, Vespasianus, i, m. Vessel, vas, vasis, n.
Vesta, vesta, ae,/.
eris, w.
Waneler, errare.
Wandering, error, m. Want, egestas,
oris,
atis, /.,
inopia, ae,/.
quoad, Vesuvius, Vesuvius, i, m. Wemi, carere Vex, angere, negotium War, bellum,
c. abl.
\,n.
I
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. Who,
Wares, merx, rcis,/.
Who
Warlike, bellicosus 3.
quid ? Whoever you
callldus 3.
? inter, quis,
World, niundus,
Worm, vermis,
please,
atterere,
corifi-
cere.
universus omnis, e.
Whole,
Wicked, implus leratus
Way,
vfa, ae,/. iter, iti-
dus,
Way
(to
stare, ofFicere c. dat.
Weak, infirmus potens,
ini-
3.,
ei*a,
erum.
3.,
miseria,
sce- Wretchedness,
im{)r6bus
maleflcus3.
aerumna, ae,/.
ae,/.
Write, scribere.
Writer, scriptor, oris,
manner), mo- Wickedness, pravilas, atis,/. m. stand in), ob- Wide, amplus 3.
j,
miser,
Wretched,
Wickedly, improbe.
iieris, n.
Way {=
3.,
3.,
c.
Wrest from, extorquere.
keep Wholly, omnino. Why, cur. watch, excubare.
Waver, vacillare.
3.
abl.
3.,
Watch, vigllare;
Water, aqua, ae,/.
m. m.
i,
is,
dignus
Worthy,
quilibet.
Wash, lavare. Waste,
Word, verbum, i, n. quae, Work, opus, eris, n.
qui, quae, quod.
Warfare, res militaris.
Warm,
383
Widely, late. Wife, uxor, ons,f.
Writing, scriptum,
m»
i,
n.
codicil-
Writing-tablet,
li, orum, m. Wrong, injuria, ae,/. Wrong[Ao), delinquere.
Wild, ferus 3.
tis.
Will, testamentura,
Weaken, diluere. ^i'eakness, infirmitas, a-
Will, velle
tis,/.
Wealthy, locuples, etis.
n.
;
siler, eris, n.
fVeary (to be), defetisci, Wind, ventus,
i,
Xenocra-
Xenocrates,
not to will,
nolle.
Willow,
Wearied, fessus, 3.
i,
voluntas, atis,/.
m.
m. Xenophon, Xenophon, ontis, m. Xerxes, Xerxes, is, m. tes, is,
Wine, vinum, i, n. tempestas,atis, Winter, hiems, eims,f. Wisdom, consilium, i, n. Year, annus,
defatigari. ^''eather,
/•
Wise, sapiens,
Weqf>, flere.
Welfare, salus, utis,/*.
m.
is,
West, occidens, ntis.
Wether, vervex, ecis,
What
number
(in
order)
?
quotus
m^, ubi. qui.
(in
indirect
questions), ne,
num,
utrum.
Wooden, of wood, neus 3.
dum.
Whither, quo.
Yet, at,
tamen.
Young man,
juvenis, is, [inis,/
uter,
adolescentla, ae,/.
femlna ae,y. Wonder, mirari. Wood, lignum, i, n.
Wood
the two,
trum.
Yesterday, heri, hodie.
m.
Which of tra,
tis,
pere.
Whetstone, cos, cotis,/.
While,
115. 5.
Yes, (to say), aio, [§ 77.
Young woman, virgo, Wit, sal, salis, m. Without (to be), carere. Younger, natu minor. Your, vester, tra, trum. Wolf, lupus, i, m. Woman, muller, eris, /. Youth, ju ventus, utis,/
Whence, unde.
Whether
homo.
denter.
or Wish, optare, velle, cu-
? 3.
^
m. this
i,
year, (adv.), Yes, see
tis.
Wise man, sapiens, m. m.
When, quum.
Wr, ewith,
pru-
Wisely, sapienter, pru-
Well {to be), valere. Weser, Visurgis,
dens,
tis,
(a.), silva,
Youth tis,
ae, f.
lus,
(a),
adolescens,
m. adolescentui, w. juvenis, is,m.
lig-
Z. Wood-pigeon,Yia\umhes, Zeal, studium, is,
m.
i,
n.
Zealously, naviter.
ERRATA. Page
13, line 7, read proavus for proavu. p. 17, 1. 18, debeo for dobSo. 23, 34, consonants for vowels. 29, 25, name (m.) for 25, 24, bona for bona. name (n.). 32, 9, neuter for feminine. 33, 39, antecedet for antecedet. 34,
20, venator, oris for venator, oris. 39, 1, wild 35, 38, adversis for adveris. for mild. 42, 33, object for objective. 43, 36, cantus, us, m. for cantus. us n. 47, 25, vitupero for vitupero. 60, 10, Ro51, 5, quoddam for quodam. for Roman. 61. 1, (ob) for (ab). 63, 25, n"** 62, 26, Aenea for Aena. for were. 69,5, frater for fater. 71, 7, premature for primature. 83,29, portTcus for porllcus. 83, 31, old woman for old man. 90, 8, amatus for amamatus. 105, 5, compSro for coraparo. 109, 37, potio for portio. 132, 1,^ coena for coeno. 146, 24, flagitia for flagita. 152, 9, heat for heart. 157, 10, spondeo for spandeo. 210, 2, pliiit for puit. 253, 23, molest.iis for mola-fus^ 255, 7, idonei for idoni. 263, ^^sentence for sentences. 291, 'bottom, third for second. 303, 10, Hac for Haec. 307, 10,flectendum for lectendum. 307, note, pick for prick. 310, 8, philosophum for philospophum. 320, 14, Ci^nio or Canto.
mam
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