X Science HOTS

FOR CLASS X SCIENCE 2009-10

INDEX CHAPTER 1

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

CHAPTER 2

A CIDS BASES AND SALTS.

CHAPTER 3

METALS AND NON METALS

CHAPTER 4

CARBON COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 5

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

CHAPTER 6

LIFE PROCESSES

CHAPTER 7

CONTROL AND COORDINATION

CHAPTER 8

HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?

CHAPTER 9

HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION

CHAPTER 10

LIGHT :REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

CHAPTER 11

HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD

CHAPTER 12

ELECTRICITY

CHAPTER 13

MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

CHAPTER 14

SOURCES OF ENERGY

CHAPTER 15

OUR ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER 16

MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS CHAPTER 1

1. !"# !"$$%&' !"$$%&' #( )*+) *(,! *(,! !%& )# )' /%$# "# (( #%$%"#,% #%$%"#,% (& " ',% ',% *" *"

1

2. P%($+% P%($+% +))& )& )& ("'#"+ ("'#"+ "%"' ,'% $+"'#) $+"'#) "#)+%' "#)+%' #!"& )(& )(& "#)+%' "#)+%' ( #!%) #!%) *" #( *" "#))#)%'. ! 3.

1

T!% *%($(' *%($(')#)(& )#)(& ( %%#" %%#"+% +% "##% )& #( #( ($('# ($('# )' "& %:"$+% %:"$+% ( !"# !"# #$% Of reaction?

(1 )

4. !)! #% #% )' ,'%* #( #( )&*)"#% )&*)"#% #!% *%%+($ *%%+($%&# %&# ( ,&$+%"'"& ,&$+%"'"&## '%++ "&* #"'#% #"'#% )& ,##% ,##% "&* ()+ (&#")&)& ((*

1

5. !"# (+( (+( *)%%&% *)%%&% (,+* (, (, ('%% ('%% (& ,&)& ,&)& " "&*+% "&*+% "&* " "&%'), "&%'), )(& )(& 1 6. A'!(/ "&#%* "&#%* !)' !(,'% !(,'% #( !)#% !)#% "'!%*. H% (,! (,!## 10/ ;,)/ ;,)/ +)% ( ( "/%# "&* "&* *)''(+%* *)''(+%* )# )& 30 +)#%' ( "#%. O& "**)& +)% #( "#% !% &(#)%* #!"# ,+%' %% $(*,%* "&* #!% '(+,#)(& %(%' !(#. <)% %"'(& "&* &"% #!% $(*,# (%*. 7.

2

A,& #((/ #((/ " $"+% %%& %%& ','#"&% ','#"&% X )& " #%'# #,%= #,%= "&* !%"#%* !%"#%* )# (% (% " +"%. +"%. H% ('%%* ('%%* " (+( (+( !"&% "+(& )#! %(+,#)(& ( #( "'%' )#! #!% '%++ ( ,&)& ',+$!, (a) Identify X.

(b) Identify the product formed.

(c) Write the equation.

(d) Identify the type of chemical reaction.

(3)

8. <% (+(%* (+(%* %#"+ %#"+ >X? )' )' ,'%* )& )& "/)& "/)& * %++. I# )' )' "+'( ,'%* ,'%* ( ("#)& ("#)& )(& %#"+ %#"+ #( $%%&# )# ( ,'#)& .!%& "&,+%' ( >X? "% "**%* #( +,% '(+,#)(& ( ($(,&* ($(,&* ( " %**)'! (& %#"+ >@?= #!% (+( ( #!% '(+,#)(& %#' *)'!"%* "&* %#"+ >@? )' (%*. I*%&#) ?X? "&* >@?. )#% #!% !%)"+ %"#)(& "&* )*%&#) #!% #$% ( %"#)(&.

3

9. A ($(,&* ($(,&* >X? >X? )' ,'%* ( ( *)&/)& *)&/)& !"' $H7.I# $H7.I#'' ")*))%* ")*))%* '(+,#)(& '(+,#)(& )& $%'%&% $%'%&% ( ( %+%#))# ,&*%(%' *%($(')#)(& *%($(')#)(& #( $(*,% "'%' >@? "&*?B?. "&*?B?. T!% (+,% ( >@? )'













10. A %#"+ &)#"#% '(+,#)(& >A? )' "**%* "**%* #( %**)'! (& %#"+ >?. T!% %#"+ $%'%&# )& >A? )' ,'%* ( "/)& %%++% "&* #,&' +"/ )& ")= % #!)& ()+' ( %#"+ "% ,'%* #( *%("#% '%%#'. T!% ($(,&* >C? (%* (& !%)"+ %"#)(& )' +,% )& (+( "&* %#"+ $%'%&# )& >A? )' (%*. I*%&#) A? >? "&* >C? "&* )#% !%)"+ %"#)(&' )&(+%*.

3

11. S)+% "#)+%' *%%+($ +"/ ("#)& "&* ($$% "#)+%' *%%+($ %%& ("#)&. Which chemical phenomenon is responsible for this coating?

()

12. A& ";,%(,' '(+,#)(& ( %#"+ &)#"#% >X? %"#' )#! S(*), ()*% '(+,#)(& #( .( %++( $%)$)#"#% ( ($(,&* >@? !)! )' ,'%* )& $!(#("$!. >@? (& %:$(',% #( ',&+)!#= ,&*%(%' *%($(')#)(& %"#)(& #( ( %#"+ $%'%&# )& >X? "+(& )#! "'. I*%&#) I*%&#)  >X? >X? "&* "&* >@?. )#% )#% #!% #!% !% !%)"+ )"+ %"#)( %"#)(& & "&* "&* )*%&# )*%&#) ) #!% #$% #$% ( ( %"# %"#)(& )(&

3

ACIDS BASES AND SALTS. CHAPTER 2

1.

! compound "X# is an important ingredient of an antacid. It is also used in fire e$tinguisher. Identify "X#.

(1)

.

%laster of %aris should be stored in moisture proof container. Why?

()

3.

When acid rain flo&s into ri'ers the aquatic li'es are affected. Why?

()

.

oth glucose and *+l contain hydrogen in them, but *+l sho&s acidic character Whereas glucose does not. Why?

-..

()

nder nder &hat &hat soil soil cond conditi ition on do you you thin/ thin/ a farm farmer er &oul &ould d treat treat the soil soil of of his his field field &ith &ith 0u 0uic/lime sla/ed lime or chal/?

(1)













Wh What &as the reason behind it?

(1)

2.

Why do acids not sho& acidic beha'ior in the absence of &ater?

()

.

What is the colour change &hen a stain of curry on a &hite cloth comes in contact &ith soap? !nd &hy?

4.. 4..

()

! colo colour urle less ss com compo poun und d "$# "$# obtai obtaine ned d from from sea sea &ate &aterr used used in in dail daily y meal mealss is ta/en in a test tube .+onc.*. 5O &as added to the test tube. , a pungent smelling gas "6# comes comes out &hich does not not affect dry blue litmus paper paper but turns moist blue litmus paper red. Identify "X# and "6#.

17.

(1)

+ompou +ompound nd "X# "X# form formss ename enamell of teet teeth. h. It It is the hard hardest est subs substan tance ce of the body. body. It does not dissol'e in &ater but it is corroded &hen %* in the mouth is belo& -.-.Write the chemical reactions in'ol'ed.

11.

()

! metal metal is is found found in in the the lab lab in the form form of grey grey colo colored red granul granules. es. It It reacts reacts &ith &ith dil.*5O to form a gas &hich burns &ith a pop sound. Identify the metal .It also reacts &ith caustic soda to liberate the same gas. Write chemical reactions in'ol'ed. (3)

1.

"!# is soluble acidic o$ide and "# is soluble base. +ompared to the p* of pure, &a &ater &hat &ill be the p* of solution ! and solution ?

13.

(1)

! fe& drops of phenolphthalein &ere added to an un/no&n solution !. it acquired pin/ colour. 8o& another un/no&n solution  &as added to it drop by drop. 9he solution became colorless. What is the nature of ! and ?

1.

! mil/ man adds a 'ery little amount of ba/ing soda to fresh mil/.

(1)













METALS AND NON METALS CHAPTER 3

1.

A %#"+ )' '(#. I# "& % ,# )#! " /&)%. I#' '"+# )' "++%* )' (/ '"+#. T!% %#"+ )' /%$# )& /%('%&% ()+. N"% #!% %#"+ "&* #!% %"'(& ( '#()& )& ()+. 2

2.

A %#"+ >X? )' !)!+ "++%"+% "&* *,#)+%. I#' ()+ )' ,'%* ( "$$)& ((* "#%)"+'. I# )' ,'%* ( "/)& #"&')'')(& )%'. I*%&#) #!% %#"+ "&* $%*)# #!% &"#,% ( (:)*% (%*  #!)' %#"+. 1

3.

A %++( (+(,%* $(*% >X? )' '(+,+% )& "(& *) ',+$!)*% .I# ,&' )#! " +,% +"% ()& ',("#)& '%++)& "' !)! #,&' ()'# +,% +)#,' %*. I*%&#) >X? "&* )% !%)"+ %"#)(&. I*%&#) )# )' " %#"+ ( &(& %#"+.

4.

2

R("+ "#% )' $%$"%*  ):)& #( ")*'. ?A? "&* >? .I# "& *)''(+% (+* "&* $+"#)&,. I# )' !)!+ ((')% "&* ,)& +);,)*. I*%&#) >A? "&* >?. !"# )' #!% "#)( )& !)! >A? "&* >? "% ):%*

5.

2

A %#"+ >X? )' (,&* )& #!% ( ( )+)&' ,& )((,'+ !%& '$)&/+%* (& +"%. !%& #!%'% )+)&' "% !%"#%* )#! ',+$!,= " +"/ (+(%* ($(,&* >@? )' (%* !)! )' &(# "##"#%*  " "&%#. ?X? %"#' )#! *)+. HC+ #( +)%"#% !*(%& "'. >X? %"#' )#! '#%" #( ( #( ( >B? "+(& )#! !*( !*(%& %& "'.

I*%&#) I*%&#)  >X?=?@? >X?=?@? "&* >B? "&* )#% )#% #!% !%)"+ !%)"+ %"#)(& %"#)(&''

)&(+%*. 6.

5

A %**)'! (& %#"+ >X? (& !%"#)& (' " +"/ ("#)& ( (:)*%?@?(& )#' ',"%. T!% %#"+ *(%' &(# %"# )#! *)+.HC+ "&* *)+ H 2SO4. I# %"#' )#! !(# (&.H2SO4 #( )% )% " $,& $,&%& %&## '%+ '%++) +)& & "' "' '))+" '))+" #( #!"# $(*, $(*,%* %*  ,&)&

"#!'#)/. T!% %#"+ (:)*% %"#' )#! *)+.H2SO4 #( ( " +,%

'(+,#)(&. I*%&#) > X?=?@?"&* >B?. )#% #!% !%)"+ %"#)(&' )&(+%*. )&(+%*. 3













8.

A )+ )+ !"' " !( !( #( (++% (++%## ()&' ()&' ( *)%% *)%%&# &# (,&# (,&#)%'. )%'. O&% *" '!% ('%%* #!% +"/ ("#)& (& ')+% ()&' "&* %%& ("#)& (& ($$% (&%'. !"# )' #!% %"'(& 2

9.

A& >A >A? %+ %+%% %%&# ! !%& )' , ,&# $( $(* *,%' " " "' #! #!"# #, #,&' +) +)% " "#% #% ) )+/ "& "&* !%& $"''%* #!(,! ()'# +,% +)#,' $"$%= )# #,&%* %*. I*%&#) >A?. 1

10.

T"&)'!%* T"&)'!%* ($$% ($$% %''%+' %''%+' "% +%"&%* +%"&%* )#! +%(& +%(& ( #"")&* #"")&* ,)%. E:$+")& E:$+")& ! #!%'% ','#"&%' "% %%#)% 2

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS CHAPTER 4 1.

If the p* of &ater is t&o, out of soap and detergent &hich one &ill you use for cleaning clothes?

.

!n organic compound X &ith a molecular formula +*O

(1) undergoes

o$idation &ith in presence of !l/aline :;nO to form a compound 6. 6. X on heating in presence of conc. *5O at 3/ gi'es < &hich on reaction &ith * O in presence of * 5O gi'es bac/ "X# "<# reacts &ith r (aq) and decolori=es it. Identify X, 6 >< and &rite the reactions in'ol'ed. (3) 3.

!n organic compound "!# is &idely used as a preser'ati'e in

pic/les and

has a molecular formula +*O .9his compound reacts &ith ethanol to form a s&eet smelling compound . (i) Identify the compound !. (ii) (ii) Writ Write e the the chem chemic ical al equa equati tion on for for its its reac reacti tion on &ith &ith etha ethano noll to form form compound "# (iii) *o& can &e get compound "!# bac/ from ?















.

*ydrocarbons X and 6 ha'e melting points1477 + > 47 7 +

respecti'ely.

Which one of these has minimum carbon in the molecule >&hy? () -.

9hre 9hree e bott bottle less &ith &ithou outt labe labels ls cont contai ain n alco alcoho hol, l, etha ethano noic ic acid acid and and

soap soap

solution separately separately ho& &ill you test &hich bottle contains &hat. (3) .

! co compound X ha has mo molecular formula +*17.It undergoes

substitution

reaction more readily than addition reaction. It burns &ith blue flame and is present in @%A. Identify "X# and gi'e the balanced equation for its combustion and substitution reaction &ith +l in the presence of sunlight. (3)

2.

! com compo poun und d "!# "!# &or/s or/s &ell &ell &ith ith har hard d &a &ater. ter. It is is us used for ma/i ma/in ng sh shampo ampoos os and products for cleaning clothes. ! is not 177Bbiodegradable and causes &ater &ater pollut pollution ion.. "# does does not &or/ &or/ 177Bbiodegradable and does not create

&ell &ell &ith &ith hard hard &ater. &ater. It is &ater pollution. Identify !>. (1)

.

+an &e use sodium metal for drying alcohol, &hy?

()

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5 1.

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F( F( #!% #!% $(' $(')# )#)( )(&' &' ( %+% %+%%& %&#' #' )& )& #!% #!% $%) $%)(* (*) ) #"+ #"+%% $% $%*) *)# # !) !)! ! % %% % ( ( %"! ( #!% (++()& $")' )++ % ". A "'%= C'OH ( OH . A& (:)*))& "%&#= S ( ( N . A& )(&) ($(,&* RC+ ( C+ *. M(% %"')+ %*,%'= C" ( O 2













LIFE PROCESSES CHAPTER 6

1.

Is the food 'acuole of amoeba temporary structure or permanent structure?

(1)

.

! 9 % is the energy currency of the cell. Co you agree &ith the statement?

(1)

3.

We are are gif gifte ted d to ha'e ha'e hae haemo moglo globi bin n as o$y o$yge gen n carr carrie ierr and and not not diff diffus usio ion. n. Co Co you you agre agree e &ith &ith the statement if so, &hy?

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!nsh !nshu u is fond fond of of eati eating ng cho chocol colat ates es but but her her fath father er ad' ad'ic ices es to to brus brush h the the teet teeth h afte afterr eati eating ng them. What is the reason?

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If ther there e &er &ere e no no alga algae, e, ther there e &ou &ould ld be be no no fish fish in the the sea sea.. +omm +ommen entt on on this this stat statem emen ent. t. (1)

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Why don#t the lungs collapse e'en after forceful e$piration?

(1)

2.

! cert certai ain n tiss tissue ue in in a gree green n plan plantt some someho ho& & gets gets blo bloc/e c/ed d and and the the lea' lea'es es &il &ilte ted. d. Wha Whatt &as &as the the tissue that got bloc/ed?

(1)

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Why en=ymes are in acti'e form e'en &hen there is no food in our stomach?

(1)

4.

Is leaf fall related to e$cretion? *o&?

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17 .

What What ad'ant ad'antage age does does a terr terrest estria riall organi organism sm ha'e ha'e o'er o'er an an aquati aquaticc organi organism sm &ith &ith regard regard to to obtaining o$ygen for respiration?

11.

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9he t&o openin openings gs of of the the phar pharyn$ yn$,, one one lead leading ing to trac trachea hea and the other other leadin leading g to to oesophagus, lie 'ery close to each other. 6et food &e s&allo& normally does not enter into our trachea. Why?

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8ormally a 'ein opens into a large 'ein or into the heart but does not end in capillaries. Whi h

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CONTROL AND COORDINATION CHAPTER 7

1.

Which hormone is /no&n as emergency hormone? (1)

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What What typ type e of mo'e mo'eme ment nt is is sho& sho&n n by D;i D;imo mosa saEE plan plantt lea' lea'es es &hen &hen tou touch ched ed &it &ith h a fin finger ger? ? (1)

3.

On touc touchi hing ng a hot hot plat plate, e, you you sud sudde denl nly y &ith &ithdr dra& a& your your han hand. d. Whi Which ch cate catego gory ry of neu neuro rons ns become acti'e first and &hich one ne$t?

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*o& *o& does does a pla plant nt sho shoot ot be bends, nds, &he &hen n the the plan plantt is pla place ced d in a roo room m ha'i ha'ing ng onl only y one one open open &indo&?

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%anc %ancre reas as is the the o'e o'era rall ll cont contro roll ller er of of the the bloo blood d gluco glucose se le' le'el el.. *o& do do you you supp suppor ortt the the statement?

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#!dr !drenal# is cal called the DEstress managi aging gla glands of the bodyE.Fustify your ans&er.

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2.

@ea'es drop off seasonally. !ttribute a reason.

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HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE? CHAPTER 8 1.

Why is regeneration considered a method of reproduction? Why does ase$ual mode of reproduction ha'e limitations in e'olution of species?

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If a &oma &oman n is usin using g copp copper er 9, &ill &ill it it help help in in prot protec ecti ting ng her her fro from m se$ se$ua uall lly y tran transm smit itte ted d diseases?

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*o& are ornamental plants gro&n artificially?

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HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION CHAPTER 9 1. I& " (&( (&( !)* !)* ('' %#%%& %#%%& " !)#% !)#% +(%%* +(%%* $+"&# $+"&# "&* $)&/= $)&/= #!% #!% F1 %&%"#)(& %&%"#)(& "' $)&/. A&'% #!%'%G ". !)! "% #!% *()&"&# "&* #!% %%'')% #")#' . R%$%'%&# #!% %&% ()&"#)(& ( #!% $"%&#"+ "&* F1 $+"&#'. . I #!% F1$+"&#' "% '%+%* !"# )++ % #!% "#)( ( #!% $)&/ "&* !)#% F+(%'

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S#,* #!% *)!)* )* (' ('' '!( '!(& %+(

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5.

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11. 11.

M(#! M(#!% % )' %' %'$( $(&' &') )+% +% ( ( #!% #!% '%: ( !% !% " ". . I' I' #!)' #!)' '#"# '#"#% %%& %&## )!# )!# I &(# &(# ! 2

12.

I #!% %)!# %)!# ( #!% )&*)) )&*))*," *,"++ )' %*,% %*,%* * %", %",'% '% ( ( '#" '#""#) "#)(&= (&= #!% $(%& $(%&  )++ &(# !"% +( %)!#. <)% %"'(&. 1

13.

! *(%' #!% #"*$(+% %'%+% " )'!

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14. 14.

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15. 15.

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16.

I '$%)%' JA !"' (% ((& !""#%)'#)' )#! '$%)%' -C= !%% "' '$%)%'- !"' +%'' ((& !""#%)'#)' )#! '$%)%'KC !)! #( '$%)%' "% (% +('%+ %+"#%* 2

17. 17.

A "& "& )#! )#! #$ #$%% A +(( +((* * !"' !"' " ) )%% )#! )#! # #$% . . T!% T!% !" !"%% " !)+ !)+* * )#! )#! #$ #$%% O +((*. <)% #!% %&(#$% ( "++ #!% #!%%. !"# (#!% +((* (,$' "& % %:$%#%* )& #!% ,#,% ( '$)& ( #!)' (,$+% 2

18.

")& ")& *(&/% *(&/%'' )#! )#! *(($) *(($)& & %"' )' (''%* (''%* )#! )#! ')+%& ')+%&## *(&/ *(&/% %'' )#! )#! %%# %%# %"'. ")& "&* *(($)& )' *()&"&# !)+% ')+%&# "&* %%# )' %%'')% .F)&* #!% %&(#$% "#)(. 2













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A )#,"+ )"% "&&(# % (,'%* (& " '%%&. #!)' '#"#%%&# "$$%"' #( % (&# (&#"* "*)# )#( ( "' % (, (,'' " )# )#," ,"++ )" )"% % (&#( (&#( " '% '%%& %&== ). ). % %#)& %#)&"" %:$ %:$+" +")& )& )#. )#.

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I& !"# " )' #!% (* AMULANCE $")&#%* )& (&# ( #!% !('$)#"+ "&' ! )' )# $")&#%* #!)' "

2.

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8. > %!)+%' %!)+%' )& #!)' )( "% +('% #!"& #!% "$$%"?. "$$%"?. T!)' T!)' "&)& )' $)&#%* $)&#%* (& #!% (&%: )( (,#')*% #!% *)%?' ')*% ( " %!)+%. !"# )' #!% %"'(& ( #!)' "&)& 9.

A +"'' +"'' #,+% #,+% )' $+"%* (% " ()& "&* )++%* )++%* )#! "#%. "#%. C()& C()& *)'"$$% *)'"$$%"' "' "#% '(%#)% !%& '%%& ( #!% ')*%' ( #!% #,+%. <)% ',)#"+% &"% ( #!%

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HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD CHAPTER11 1. !"# !"$$%&' !"$$%&' #( #( #!% )"% )"% *)'#"&% *)'#"&% )& #!% %% %% !%& % )&%"'% )&%"'% #!% *)'#"& *)'#"&%% ( "& (%# ( #!% %%

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11.

When a torch light is focussed on the eye &hich cells get acti'ated immediately? a) 5ensory cells b) light sensiti'e cells c) +ells of the ciliary muscles d) cells at the blind spot

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9he defect defect in in 'isio 'ision n de'el de'elope oped d due due to grad gradual ual &ea/ &ea/eni ening ng of ciliar ciliary y muscle muscle and and dimi diminis nishin hing g fle$ibility of eye lens isG a) ;yopia b) hypermetropia c) night blindness d) presbyopia

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