Social Science Concept Maps Class X • Popular struggles and movements
• Power Sharing
• Agriculture
• Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Manufacturing Industries
• Gender, Religion and Caste
• Minerals and Energy Resources
• Federalism
• Lifeline of National Economy
• India as a federal country
• Consumer Rights
• Political Parties
• Mobilisation & Organisation
• Democracy and Diversity
Popular struggles and movements Stories Mobillsation & Organisation Nepal
Bolivia Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy Killed in a mass acre (2001) King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution People started a movement (2006) three demands (i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. (iii) New constituent assembly.
World Bank pressurising the govt to give up control on water supply in cochabamba city. Rights sold to an MNC Hike in water price by MNC people were in burden Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000 The govt tried to supprem it by applying Martial law
Joined by SPA, Maoist, Students, etc.
Turned into a bigger movement
Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for Democracy
The MNC fleed The prices stored to govt. rater The Bolivion water war.
With the help of political parties, pressure groups & movement groups Political parties Contest elections, form govt. and make changes
Pressure groups (Do not directly participate in the govt.
Movement Groups (groups who raise voice for their demonds) Issue specific movements
Keep contact with pressure & movement groups for support
Sectional interest group (FEDECOR)
Can be influenced by pressure groups.
Promotional interest group (BAMLEF)
Generic or general movements (comprised of many different movements)
Agriculture Types of farming practical depends on two factors Physical
Coropping pattern Rabi
Kharif
Zaicl
Major crops
Human Relief
Cultural back ground
Climate
Aawailabity of irrigation
Location
Agricultural practices
Technological and inst. reforms Types of farming
Faster means of comunication
Consolidation of small & holdings
Irrigation, spinklers
Providing knowledge weather bulletions
Fertilizers, HYV
Crop Insurance
Primitive Subsistence
MSP
Intensive Subsistence
KCC, PAIS
Commercial farming Plantation AGRICULTURE (Geographical and Physical Condition) Rice
Wheat
Millets (coarse)
Maize
Cotton
Jute (Golden Fiber)
Pulses
Sugarcane
Coffee
Tea
Temperature
24-27ºC
Moderate
High to Moderate
Moderate
High
High
High
21–27°C
High
High
Rainfall
250cm
75 Cm
Low
150-200
Light
Heavy
75 Cm
75–100 cm
Heavy
Heavy
Soil
Alluvial
Loamy Soil
Less fertile Sandy
Well-drained fertile soils
black, Alluvial
Alluvial
Semi-arid, Loamy Soil
Alluvial
Loamy
Loamy
Climate
Tropical
Temperate
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Humid
Dry
Hot & Humid
Warm / wet
Humid
Type
Subsistence
Subsistence
Subsistence
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Labour
Cheap
—
–
–
–
Cheap
–
Cheap
Cheap
Cheap
Pattern
Kharif
Rabi
Kharif
Kharif
Kharif
–
Both
–
–
–
----
100
–
–
210
–
–
–
–
–
Maharashtra, Punjab, Karnataka
West Bengal
Maharashtra MP, UP, Karnataka, Raj., Karnatak AP, Punjab
Karnataka, Tamilnadu
Assam, Sikkim, HP, Tamilnadu
Frostfree days
Area
S.E.Asia, South Asia
Punjab, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Haryana. Haryana, Rajasthan U.P.,H.P.
Manufacturing Industries Importance Modernisin Agriculture
Industrial Location Raw material
Eradication of poverty & unemployment
Labour (Skilled/unskilled)
Brings foreign exchange Increasing industries leab to prosparity
Labour Power Market Transportation Enterpreneur Capital
Classification on the basis of
Raw materials used
Agro based
Their main Role
Mineral based
Basic/key
Tertile
Iron & steel
Cotton
Aluminium smelting
Jute
Chemical Industries
Sugar
Fertiliser India
Contribution 27% of GDP 9%–10% GR/annum Formation of NMCC
Cement
Cpital Investment
Ownership
Small scale
Public sector
Large scale
Private sector
Consumer industries Joint sector Cooperation
Sources of Raw material Light Heavy
Minerals and Energy Resources (Homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure)
Mode of acarrence of minerals Isneoys & metamorphic veins, lodes
Sectmen to bed or layers by evaporation
Placer deposite
?
Ocean water
Classification Metallic Ferrous
Energy Minerals
Non-metallic Non-Ferrous
Mica
Lime stone
Conventional
Electricity
Coal Containing
Iron
Copper
Natural Gas
Conservation Minerals
Thermal
Bauxite Petroleum
Energy Resources
Non Conventional
Anthracite
Hydro
bituminous
Nuclear
Solar Wind mills
Bio-gas
Lignite Geo thermal Peat
Type Importance
Distribution
Basic minerals Back bone
• Orissa Jharkhand Delt • Durg- Bastar - Chandrapur belt • bellary - Chitradurga- Chikmaglur – Tumkur • Maharastra Goa
Used in manufacturing of steel, Ferrmanganings bleaching powder, insectisides, points Orissa – 33% M.P. – 22% Karnataka – 15% Others – 30%
Tidal
Iron-ore Type
Manganase
Mica
Lime stone
Magnetite Hematite
Importance
Basic minerals Backbone of economy
Distribution
• Orissa - Jharkhand • Durg - BastarChardrapur
Used in manufacturing of steel, ferro-manganise alloy. bleaching powder, insecticides, paints
• Orissa - 33% • MP - 22% • Karnatak – 15% • Thers - 30%
Coal Type
Copper
• malleable • ducsile • good conductor of electricity
• Balaghat mines (M.P.) 52% (Roj. – 42%) MP – 58%)
Petroleum
– excellent di-electric strength – Insulating properties – resistance to high voltage – used in electric & electronic industries.
– Raw material for cement industries – essential for smelting iron-ore
– Chota Nagpur plateau – Koderma - Gay a - Hazari bagh belt – Ajmer, Nellore
– A.P. – 16% – MP – 15% – Raj – 15% – Guj – 11% – Tamil Nadu – 9% – Others – 34%
Natural Gas
– Anthracite – Bituminous – Lignite – Peat
Importance
– nation's energy needs – Power generation – used for power generation
Provides fuel for heat & lighting. Lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a no. of industries.
– Clean energy resource – Now material in the petrochemichal industry.
Distribution
Gondwana Coal Damodar Vally, Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, and Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and wardha valleys Tertiary Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Nagaland
Mumbai High - 63% Gujrat - 18% Assam – 16%
– Krisha-Godavari Basin – Mumbai high – Gulf of Cambay – Andaman Nicobar Islands – HVJ, 1700 km loy gas pipeline.
Lifeline of National Economy Land Roadways
Railways
Pipelines Liqued (Petroleum)
Golden Quadrilateral Super High wasys
Goods
Passengers
National Highways
Gas HVJ
Narrow Gauge (0.762 to 0.610)
State Highways
Assam to Kanpur
Metro Gauge (1.00)
District Roads
Broad Gauge (1.676)
Other Roads Border Roads
Road Density
Water Inland
Overjeas N. W. No. 1 (1620 km)
Major Ports
N.W. No. 2 (891 km) Kandla
The wash
Mumbai
Marmagoa
New Manglore
Kochi
Tuticorin
Chennai
Vishakhapatnam
Paradeep
Haldia
Kolkata
Portblain
Air International
Donestic
Public under taking
Private Airlines
Raja Sansi (Amritsar)
Chhatrpati Shivaji (Mumbai)
ING (Delhi)
Netaji Subbash Chandra Bose
Hyderabad
Meehan Dakkam (Chennai)
Nedimbacherry (Tiruvanantpuram)
Communication Indian postal network
Telicom Network
World Largest
Mass communication
Longestion Asia
International Trade Export
Imports
Tourism a Trade Eco Tourism
Medical Tourism
Culture & Heritage Tourism
Adventure Tourism
Business Tourism
Consumer Rights Meaning Consumer
Consumers Rights
Consumer Exploitation
Consumer in the market place Forms of consumer exploitation
Consumer Movements
Factors causing exploitation of consumers
Under measurement
Limited Information
Sub-standard good
Limited supply
High Prices
Limited compitition
Adultration & Impurity
Low Literacy
False Claims Hoarding & black Marketing Unsatisfactory after sale service Rough Behavior & Undue conditions
Consumers Rights Right to safety
Right to Information
Denial of Choice
Right to seek Redressal
Right to Represent
Steps taken by the government for protection of consumers Legislative steps Copra, 1986
Administrative steps PDS
District level court (Up to 20 lakhs) State level court (20 – 1 crore) National level Court (More than 1 crore)
Learning to become well - Informed consumers Duties of the consumer.
Taking the consumer movement forward
BIS/ISI Agmark
Three tier quasi-judicial system Sperate Dept. for consumer welfare both in central and state govt.
Technical steps
RPO
Mobilisation & Organisation (With the help of political parties, pressure groups, & movement groups)
Nepal Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy Killed in a massacre (2001) King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution People started a movement (2006) three demands (i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. Joined by SPA, Maolst, students, etc. (iii) New constituent assambly Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for democracy
Bolivia World bank pressurising the govt. to give up control on water supply in cochabanba city. Rights sold to an MNC
Political Parties Lontest electrions, form govt. and make changes.
Hike in water prices by MNC & people were in burden
Keep contact with pressure & movement groups for support Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000 Can be influenced by pressure groups
Press are groups (Do not directly participate in the govt.)
The govt. tried to suppress it by applying martial law Turned into a bigger movement
Sectional Interest group (Fedecor) Promotional Inteest group (Bamcef)
The MNC fleed The prices restored to govt. rater
Movement Groups (Groups who araise voice for their demands)
The bolivian water war. Issue specific movements Generic or general movements (Comprised of many different movements)
Power Sharing Belgium
Ethnic composition
Desirable for Intro. of the New Model Pnedential Reason
Moral Reason
Forms
59% Flenish - Dpeak Dutch
40% Wallonia - Speak French
Backward weak
Rich/powerful In Bruses
Horizontal Distribution of power
Dutch speakers
French speakers
Vertical Distribution of power Among different social groups Political partia, pressure groups, movement.
Sri Lanka
Ethric composition
Accomodation Amendments in the constitution 1970 – 1993 Intro. of the New Model
Srhala speaters 74% Buddhist
Tamil Christia speaters 7% 18% Hindu/Muslims
Equal no. of ministers from dutch & Freach community Sharing of powerb/w state & centre.
Sri lankan Tamils
Indian Tamils
Bnessels – equal representation
Majoritarianism Act 1956 Sinhala as afficial chgerm favour to sinhala speater in jobs Promotion of Buddhism Discrimination in opportunities & interest Result Struggles, distrust civil war
Community Govt.
1% German speak
Forest and Wildlife Resources Classification Vulnerable species Endargered species
Causes of Depletion of flora and faunea Hunting and over exploitation
Normal species
Agricultural expansion
Pare species
Environmental Pollution
Endemic species
Increased grazing and fuel wood collection
Extinct species
Colovonial forest policies Industrial growth and expanding urbanisation Over population Large scale development projects (mines, dams etc.)
Conservation in India Forest Classification
Community participation
Wildlife
(i) Reserved
(i) Villagers in Alwar district
(i) The Indian wildlife Protection Act – 1972
(ii) Protected
(ii) Chipko movement
(ii) Project Tiger – 1973
(iii) Unclassed
(iii) Beej Bachao Andolan
(iii) Wildlife Act 1980 – 86 notification for protection of insects – 1991 - plants were added.
(iv) Navdanya (v) JFM
Gender, Religion and Caste Gender Stereotyping Senual division of Labour
Where is discrimination withessed Literacy Rate
Feminist movements
Low paid & unpaid work Low political representation Sex Ratio Domestic Violence Gender
Religion Communalism
Religion & politics in Gandhiji's View
Religion & polities in Humanist view
How communalism can lead to seclusion of ore section of the society from the rest if merged with dirts politics To combat this india believes in Secularism
Caste Earlier system of caste Present Situation Results
On the basis of occupation with the liberty of changing it.
Rigid and cruel system based on birth not qualities.
Used for social discrimination, dirty game of politics played leading to further divisions and seclusion in the society.
Actual Results Still casteism is a great threat
Not always defined by politics, people look at their work & performances, New generation not very much concerned with caste system but economic upgradation. Untouchability is abolished, equal rights to all, reservation for the under previliged
Federalism Promotes & protects unity and accomodates diversity Cach tier has its our jurisdiction The existence and authority of each tier is constitutionally gauranted Coming Together Federations U.S.A., switzerland Courts act as an unpire Sources of revenue are different and specified Holding Together Federation, India, Spain Change can not be done unilaterally 2 or more levels of govt.
India as a federal country Union list State list Concurrent list Residuary list Formation of linguistic state Language policy wid no thrust on any state Union state Relation Decentralisation of power. Introduction of third tier in 1992 as Local govt.
Political Parties Functions Group of people wid similar views and programmes and wish to promote it
Political Party Systems
Partisanship
Single party system (China)
Contest elections
Bi-Party system (U.S.A.)
Challenges to political parties Lack of internal democrcy
Policies & programs are framed
Multiple party system (India)
Making laws
Dynastic succession
Work as opposition
Money & muscle power
Shaping public opinion
No. meaningful choices
Comprised of leaders active members followers
Reformation of political parties Law against defection
Filing of affidavit
Holding of internal elections
Suggestion of reservation & State fanding for Pol partion
National political parties (6% voles in L.S. elections or L.A elections in 4 states) + 4 seats in L.S.
INC
BJP
NCP
CPI-M
BSP
CPI
State political parties (6% votes in L.A. elections +2 seats in L.A.)
Samajwadi Party
Samata Party
Rarttriya Janata Dal
Sikkim Democratic Front
DMK
Telugu Desam
Forward Bloc
Shivsena
Democracy and Diversity Social divisions and social inequalities Based on the accident of Birth Cross-cutting (One hype of social difference weakens the other) Overlapping (One type of social difference strengthens the other) Resons Birth Choice
Politics of social Divisions
Use of social divisions for political motives (consequence) Religion Dangerous & Explosive (N. Ireland) Economic states Accomodation (Belgium)
What can be done People see their identify as complementary to the national identity How the political leaders raise the point How the govt deals with these issues
