WSS Welding Symbols Study Guide LF

2E1

Objecves Aer compleng this learning unit you should be able to: ♦

♦

♦

♦

Describe the key elements of a welding symbol Explain the concept of the arrow side and other side of a joint Describe the symbols used for llet welds, groove welds, arc spot welds, plug welds, slot welds and stud welds Idenfy the elements of the welding symbols referenced referen ced in ISO 2553-1.

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WSS Study Guide JS2-1

cwbinstute Building Futures

Welding Symbols

Table of Contents Intermediate Welding Symbols Introducon

4

Lesson 1 Objecves

5

1. Fundamental Concepts

5

1.1 Weld Symbols

6

1.2 Supplementary Symbols

10

1.3 Welding Symbols

11

2. Types of Joints and Welds

14

2.1 Types of Joints 2.2 Types of Welds

14 16

2.2.1

Groove Weld

16

2.2.2

Fillet Weld

20

2.2.3 2.2.4

Plug and Slot Welds Surfacing Weld

20 21

3. Arrow Side/Other side

22

4. Fillet Welds

24

4.1 Equal Leg Size

25

4.2 Unequal Leg Size

25

4.3 Intermient Fillet Welds 4.3.1 Basic Intermient Fillet Welds

27 28

4.3.2

Chain Intermient Fillet Welds

28

4.3.3

Staggered Intermient Fillet Welds

29

5. Exercises

30



Welding Symbols

Table of Contents Intermediate Welding Symbols Introducon

4

Lesson 1 Objecves

5

1. Fundamental Concepts

5

1.1 Weld Symbols

6

1.2 Supplementary Symbols

10

1.3 Welding Symbols

11

2. Types of Joints and Welds

14

2.1 Types of Joints 2.2 Types of Welds

14 16

2.2.1

Groove Weld

16

2.2.2

Fillet Weld

20

2.2.3 2.2.4

Plug and Slot Welds Surfacing Weld

20 21

3. Arrow Side/Other side

22

4. Fillet Welds

24

4.1 Equal Leg Size

25

4.2 Unequal Leg Size

25

4.3 Intermient Fillet Welds 4.3.1 Basic Intermient Fillet Welds

27 28

4.3.2

Chain Intermient Fillet Welds

28

4.3.3

Staggered Intermient Fillet Welds

29

5. Exercises

30



Welding Symbols

Table of o f Contents Intermediate Welding Symbols Lesson 2 Objecves

35

6. Groove Welds

35

6.1 Back-Gouging

37

6.2 Paral Joint Penetraon Groove Welds

38

6.3 Combined Welding Symbols 6.4 Bevelled Joints

42 44

6.5 Mulple Reference Lines

45

6.6 Flare Groove Welds

46

7. Exercis Exercises es

47

8. Other Welds

52

8.1 Plug Welds 8.2 Slot Welds

52 55

8.3 Arc Spot Welds

61

8.4 Stud Welds

62

8.5 Surfacing 8.6 Brazed Joints

64 65

9. Nondestrucve Examinaon

66

10. Introducon to ISO 25532553-1 1

67

Exercise Answers

76

Exam Exercise

81



Welding Symbols

Introducon This publicaon has been prepared primarily to assist personnel qualify as welding supervisors under the provisions of CSA Standard W47.1, Cercaon of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel . Steel . Other personnel, such as welding inspectors, engineers and those responsible for quality, quality, will nd this publicaon benecial. It contains background informaon on welding symbols referenced in Canadian and Internaonal Standards. This document is not intended to replace study courses, reference books or other pernent technical literature which supervisors are encouraged to read. The following reference sources should be available for this learning unit: ♦ CWBi - Welding Symbols Study Guide ♦ CWBi - Welding Symbols Poster and Quick Reference Card ♦ AWS A2.4 – Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestrucve Examinaon



Welding Symbols

Lesson 1

Objecves Aer compleng this lesson you should be able to: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Idenfy the dierent types of joints and welds Describe the key elements of a welding symbol Explain the concept of the arrow side and other side of a joint Describe the symbols used for connuous and intermient llet welds

1. Fundamental Concepts Welding symbols are a universal system of signs, rules and convenons for conveying and placing informaon on drawings. They are intended to facilitate communicaon between the designer, fabricaon and inspecon personnel and provide the means for graphical representaon of welds, brazes and nondestrucve methods on drawings. The symbols do not eliminate the need for appropriate interacon between the design, draing and producon personnel and any issues should be resolved before producon starts. To avoid costly redesign and/ or repairs, symbols must be understood and used. It is important that all relevant personnel in the manufacturing chain be trained and familiarized with the concepts and applicaon of welding symbols.

FIG. 1

Typical welding symbol

In welding symbols terminology there are three standard terms that need to be clearly understood. They are: ♦ ♦ ♦

weld symbols supplementary symbols welding symbols



Welding Symbols

1.1 Weld Symbols Weld symbols designate and graphically idenfy each type of weld. The shape of the weld symbol is drawn to reect the conguraon of the fusion faces, as seen in vercal cross secon of the joint. This is illustrated for llet, plug and groove welds in Figure 2.

FIG. 2

Weld symbols for llet, plug, V-groove and back or backing welds



Welding Symbols

The weld symbols and corresponding welds for bevel groove, square groove, U-groove and J-groove welds are shown in Figure 3.

FIG. 3

Weld symbols for bevel, square, U- and J -groove welds



Welding Symbols

The weld symbols and corresponding welds for groove, surfacing and arc spot welds are shown in Figure 4.

FIG. 4

Weld symbols for are groove and surfacing welds

In the placing of weld symbols on the reference line there is one important convenon that must be observed for weld symbols that have one vercal line in their make-up. The rule requires that the vercal line must always be on the le side in the weld symbol. The weld symbols shown in Figure 5 are incorrect because the vercal line is to the right of weld symbol.

FIG. 5

Incorrect Welding symbols



Welding Symbols

The types of welds covered by the Standard AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestrucve Examinaon, and the corresponding basic weld symbols are shown in Figure 6.

FIG. 6

Basic Weld symbols



Welding Symbols

1.2 Supplementary Symbols Supplementary symbols are always used in conjuncon with a welding symbol, and provide addional informaon to complete the weld. Examples are shown in Figures 7 and 8.

FIG. 7

Supplementary symbols for weld all around, llet weld and melt-through



Welding Symbols

FIG. 8

Supplementary symbols for a backing bar and for at, convex and concave weld contours.

1.3 Welding Symbols Welding symbols provide informaon with respect to the geometry of preparaon, t-up and welding of joints. There are three key elements; the arrow, the reference line and the tail (see Figure 9). However, only the reference line and the arrow are required elements, as the welding informaon may be conveyed by other means such as drawing notes or details, specicaons, standards, codes or other drawings. These other means eliminate the need to include the corresponding elements in the welding symbol.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 9

Key elements of a welding symbol

The tail of the symbol is typically used for specifying the applicable: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

welding, brazing and cung process. specicaon. procedure. supplementary informaon.

The process data may include ller metal, back-gouging, peening or other operaons, and other pernent data that should be known. The notaon placed in the tail dealing with this data is normally established by the user. All the basic elements of a typical welding symbol, including reference to supplementary symbols and their specic, designated locaons, are shown in Figure 10. The reference to a designated locaon does not imply mandatory use in every welding symbol. The arrow of the welding symbol must point to a line, locaon, or area that specically idenes the joint, locaon, or area to be welded.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 10

Standard locaon of the elements of a welding symbol



Welding Symbols

2. Types of Joints and Welds 2.1 Types of Joints In order to know how to apply and read welding symbols, it is necessary to understand the meaning of joints, their types, and the types of applicable welds. AWS A3.0, Welding Terms and Denions, describe a joint as the “juncon of members or the edges of members that are to be or have been joined”. The reference to “juncon of members” describes the area of common contact between the two members as shown in Figure 11.

FIG. 11

Joint

The assembly on the right of Figure 11 consists of three plates. How many joints are there? Select your answer from the following, and then read below for the correct answer: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

One joint only Two joints Three joints Four joints



Welding Symbols

Answers and comments on the answers One Joint only - No. You are thinking of one assembly that aer welding will form one weldment. A weldment is an assembly whose component parts are joined by welding. Two Joints - This answer is correct. The three plates form two joints. The actual joint is the faying area in contact with the centre plate. Three Joints - No. You are considering three plates, which form part of the assembly. Four Joints - No. Perhaps you are considering each side of the joint. For example, there are four sides where llet welds could be made. However, these are only two areas of faying surfaces. There are ve basic joints, although many variaons of these result from the manner of preparaon and assembly. These ve joints shown in Figure 12, are termed bu joint, corner joint, tee joint, lap joint and edge joint.

FIG. 12

The ve basic joints



Welding Symbols

2.2 Types of Welds The 3 basic types of welds are: ♦ ♦ ♦

Groove weld Fillet weld Plug and slot welds

2.2.1 Groove Weld A groove weld is dened as “a weld made in the groove between two members to be joined”. There are many dierent shapes of grooves. Figure 13 shows one type of groove weld.

FIG. 13

A groove weld

Groove welds can be classied as shown in Figure 14: In terms of eciency: ♦ ♦

complete joint penetraon groove welds (CJP) paral joint penetraon groove welds (PJP)

In terms of shape: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Square Bevel “V” “J” “U” Flare bevel Flare –V and Flare bevel llet



Welding Symbols

FIG. 14

Classicaon of groove welds



Welding Symbols

Groove welds may be single or double sided as shown in Figures 15A and 15B.

FIG. 15A

Single sided groove welds



Welding Symbols

FIG. 15B

Double sided groove welds



Welding Symbols

2.2.2 Fillet Weld A llet weld is a weld of approximately triangular cross-secon joining two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, tee joint or corner joint as shown in Figure 16.

FIG. 16

Fillet welds

2.2.3 Plug and Slot Welds A plug weld is a weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. A slot weld is similar to a plug weld except that the hole is elongated (see Figure 17). In preparaon for plug and slot welds, holes or slots are made in the upper plate. On thinner material such welds can be made without holes or slots and are called arc spot and arc seam welds, in which the upper sheet is melted and fused to the lower sheet.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 17

Plug weld and slot welds

2.2.4 Surfacing Weld All welds are composed of one or more weld beads, a bead being a single run or pass of weld metal. A weld bead or beads may be applied to a surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain the desired properes or dimensions. Such a weld is called a “surfacing weld”, as shown in Figure 18.

FIG. 18

Surfacing welds



Welding Symbols

3. Arrow Side/Other Side In working with symbols, the rst step is to locate the joint i.e. the area of common contact between the members to be welded and idened by the arrow. The second step is to look for the informaon connected to the reference line. The arrow side of the joint is the side to which the arrow points. The opposite side is the other side of the joint. Figure 19 illustrates the arrow side and the other side of a llet weld.

FIG. 19

Illustraon of the arrow side and the other side of a llet weld



Welding Symbols

The other side of a joint is determined by following the joint line from the arrow side to the other side as shown in Figure 20.

FIG. 20

Arrow side/other side of joints



Welding Symbols

Because of the importance of understanding the arrow and other sides of a joint, an example using a cruciform joint is shown in Figure 21.

FIG. 21

Cruciform joint

4. Fillet Welds The llet weld size “S” must be shown for each weld symbol on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol. The size must appear to the le of each weld symbol. When the llet welds are on both sides of the joint, their sizes must be specied whether the dimensions are idencal or dierent.

FIG. 22

Fillet weld size



Welding Symbols

4.1 Equal Leg Size When the weld size is indicated on the weld symbol, both legs are that size.

FIG. 23

Equal Leg Fillet Welds

4.2 Unequal leg size Designers may require the leg sizes to be dierent and this must be idened on the welding symbol. The size of a llet weld “S” with unequal legs is also specied to the le of the weld symbol. To avoid guessing which size is applicable to each leg and for clarity purposes, weld orientaon is shown on the drawing.

FIG. 24

Unequal leg llet welds



Welding Symbols

Three applicaons of llet weld symbols are shown in Figure 25.

FIG. 25

Applicaon of llet weld symbols



Welding Symbols

4.3 Intermient Fillet Welds Intermient llet welds can be divided into three types, with the last two being applicable to double llet welds: 1. basic intermient llet welds, applicable to a single line of llet welds; 2. chain intermient llet welds, 3. staggered intermient llet welds If a llet weld extends for the full length of the joint, there is no need to specify length on the welding symbol. The lengths and posion of the llet welds are placed next to the llet weld symbol – the size to the le and length or pitch to the right. The pitch of intermient llet welds is dened as the distance between the centres of adjacent weld segments on one side of the joint and is specied to the right of the length dimension on the symbol If the arrow side and the other side of the joint are to be welded using intermient llet welds, a pitch must be designated for each side or, in other words, for each line of weld. The symbols and dimensions for intermient llet welds are shown in Figure 26.

FIG. 26

Intermient llet weld symbols



Welding Symbols

4.3.1 Basic Intermient Fillet Welds The basic intermient llet weld has one line of welds.

4.3.2 Chain Intermient Fillet Welds The disnguishing characterisc of chain intermient llet welds is the alignment of weld segments, which must be opposite one another across the joint as shown in Figure 27.

FIG. 27

Chain Intermient llet welds



Welding Symbols

4.3.3 Staggered Intermient Fillet Welds Staggered intermient llet welds also involves double-llet welds in two lines; however, the centres of weld segments on each side of the joint are oset in relaon to one another. This is reected in the llet weld symbols, which are oset on opposite sides of the reference line. The dimensions of staggered intermient llet welds are specied on both sides of the reference line. There is no signicance aached to the onset of staggering, as to whether it should commence on the arrow side or on the other side of the joint. Figure 28 shows a typical joint to illustrate this concept.

FIG. 28

Staggered intermient llet welds



Welding Symbols

5. Exercises Complete the following exercises. The answers are provided at the end of the learning unit.

Exercise 1 Draw the appropriate symbol for the weld shown.

Exercise 2 Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.



Welding Symbols

Exercise 3 Draw the appropriate symbols for the welds shown.




Welding Symbols

Exercise 5 Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the ll et welds shown



Welding Symbols

Exercise 6 Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the ll et welds shown.



Welding Symbols

Exercise 7 Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the ll et welds shown.



Welding Symbols

Lesson 2

Objecves Aer compleng this lesson you should be able to: ♦

Describe the symbols used for complete and paral joint penetraon groove welds

♦

Explain the use of combined symbols and mulple reference lines

♦

Describe the symbols used for arc spot welds, plug welds, slot welds and stud welds

♦

Idenfy the welding symbols referenced in ISO 2553-1

6. Groove Welds The elements that dene groove welds are: ♦

The depth of preparaon, also described as the depth of chamfer, on each side of the joint (arrow side and other side) and designated by the capital leer “S”.

♦

The bevel or groove angle, the angle at which member preparaon is made.

♦

The root opening, the space required for proper ng of the two members in the joint, with the primary objecve to provide adequate access for welding and proper fusion in the root area.

In the example shown in Figure 29, the depth of preparaon is 9 mm, the groove angle is 60 degrees and the root opening is 3 mm. Note the locaon of dimensions in relaon to the symbol.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 29

Groove welding symbol

The completed weld for the welding symbol i s shown in Figure 30.

FIG. 30

Completed groove weld



Welding Symbols

6.1 Back Back-Gouging -Gouging When back-gouging back-gouging is required, the welding symbol must include a 31. For nonreference to back-gouging in the tail as shown in Figure 31. symmetrical double groove welds, the symbol needs to show the required groove depth for each side of the joint and include the required groove angles. For both single groove welds and symmetrical double groove welds without root faces, the welding symbol does not need to show the depth of groove dimensions. Reference to notes can be included in the tail of the welding symbol.

FIG. 31

Backgouging



Welding Symbols

6.2 Paral Joint Penetraon Groove Welds When used, the depth of preparaon “S” and groove weld size “(E)” are placed to the le of the weld symbol as shown in Figure 32. 32. The groove weld size (E) may have dierent terms associated with it. It used to be called the throat of a groove weld. CSA Standard W59, refers to it as “eecve throat” or “joint penetraon”. The AWS A3.0 denes it as “joint penetraon”. In a praccal sense, achievement of the size of (E) depends largely on the root geometry of the joint, j oint, the welding process, and the paramet parameters ers of the welding procedur procedure. e.

FIG. 32

Symbols for groove weld depth of preparaon and penetraon



Welding Symbols

The applicaon of the depth of groove and groove weld size is illustrated 33 and 34 34.. in Figures 33 and The size (E) is measured from the top of the plate to the furthest point where the weld penetrates penetrates the joint. The value of (E) may be less than “S” 33); however, it may also be greater than “S” (see Figure 34). 34). (see Figure 33);

FIG. 33

Applicaon of depth of preparaon and groove weld size (E) smaller than “S”



Welding Symbols

FIG. 34

Applicaon of depth of preparaon and groove weld size (E) greater than “S”

In the most common welding symbol use, both the depth of preparaon and the groove weld size will be found. These symbols will apply equally to single- and double-groove welds; however, they are typically more prevalent in cases of paral penetraon than complete penetraon grooves. Examples Examples of double-sided welds and the correspond corresponding ing welding 35. symbols are shown in Figure 35.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 35

Double groove welds in joints with paral joint penetraon



Welding Symbols

The joints may have paral penetraon or complete penetraon, depending on thickness and penetraon characteriscs of the welding process used. Another area of potenal applicaon of this type of symbol on shop drawings is for grooves welded mainly from one side and requiring only a one-pass weld from the other side. This laer weld may be a squaregroove weld, if the fusion faces in the root are the remaining parts of the original square-cut preparaon.

FIG. 36

Square-groove welds - only groove weld specied

6.3 Combined Welding Symbols Depending on their complexity, joints may require one or more than one type of weld symbol. For joints requiring more than one type of weld, a symbol must be used to specify each weld. This rule is illustrated by the welding symbols in Figure 37.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 37

Combined welding symbols



Welding Symbols

6.4 Bevelled Joints Would you accept the joint preparaons shown in Figure 38, based on the welding symbol shown?

(a)

(b)

FIG. 38

Bevelled Joints

Figure 38 (a) – No, the arrow of the welding symbol should point to the edge that is to be prepared. The other plate should have been bevelled. Figure 38 (b) – Yes, in this case it is apparent that only one of the two plates can be bevelled (the vercal plate) and the arrow does not have to point to the edge that is to be bevelled.



Welding Symbols

6.5 Mulple Reference Lines The objecve of mulple reference lines is to provide the welding symbol with the capability to specify the sequence of welding operaons, as well as to provide addional informaon related to the examinaon of welds or other operaons. The rule that applies to sequencing states that the rst operaon is to shown on the reference line closest to the arrow. All subsequent operaons follow the same sequencing order as the reference lines move away from the arrow. In the example shown in Figure 39, the rst operaon is the welding of the single-bevel groove weld on the arrow side, then the llet weld on the other side and lastly the llet weld reinforcement on the arrow side.

FIG. 39

Mulple reference lines



Welding Symbols

6.6 Flare Groove Welds With the increasing use of hollow structural secons and circular or tubular proles in welded fabricaon, the applicaon of are bevel groove welds seem to follow this trend. There are two basic types of aregrooves: are-bevel and are-V-groove welds. The weld symbols for these grooves also reect the shape of the joint which contains them (see Figure 40). There is no preparaon involved for these grooves, as their curved conguraon forms a joint in a natural way.

FIG. 40

Flare-V and are-bevel welds



Welding Symbols

7. Exercises Exercise 8 Draw the appropriate symbol for the weld shown.




Welding Symbols


Exercise 11 Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.



Welding Symbols

Exercise 12 Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.

Exercise 13 Select the symbol that corresponds to the illustraon shown.



Welding Symbols

Exercise 14 Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the illustraon shown




Welding Symbols

Exercise 16 Select the symbol that corresponds to the welds shown.

Exercise 17 Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.



Welding Symbols

8. Other Welds 8.1 Plug Welds Plug welds are other types of welds produced by an electric arc welding process. Although not used as extensively as groove and llet welds, they have found their own area of applicaon in welded construcon. A plug weld can be dened as “a weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member.” Slot welds are made in an elongated hole and the hole may be open at one end. Filletwelded holes do not conform to these denions. Plug and slot welds share the same shape of weld symbol, which is represented by a rectangle, irrespecve of whether the fusion faces inside the hole or slot are perpendicular or sloping. Arrow-side holes to be plug welded are specied by placing the plug weld symbol below the reference line and other-side holes are specied by placing the plug weld symbol above the reference line. Dimensions that must be idened are the: ♦ diameter at the root ♦ pitch ♦ angle of countersink and ♦ depth of ll The locaon of the elements of a plug weld welding symbol are shown in Figure 41.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 41

Locaon of the elements of a plug weld symbol

The plug welding symbol and dimensions and the nished plug weld are shown in Figure 42.

FIG. 42

Dimensioned plug weld and the nished weld



Welding Symbols

Figures 43 shows the applicaon of a plug weld symbol when combined with dimension lines and specied dimensions for diameter, depth of lling and the centre-to-centre spacing or pitch. In this example, the plug weld size is 40 mm diameter, the depth of ll is 16 mm and the pitch is 160 mm.

FIG. 43

Plug weld example



Welding Symbols

8.2 Slot Welds Slot Weld Example #1 What is the required depth of ll for this slot weld?

FIG. 44

Slot weld depth of ll



Welding Symbols

The depth of ll for the slot weld is 1/2“ as shown.

FIG. 45

Slot weld depth of ll answer



Welding Symbols

Slot Weld Example #2 What is the pitch of these slot welds?

FIG. 46

Slot weld pitch



Welding Symbols

The pitch is 8” and there are 5 spaces between the 3ʹ 4” distance.

FIG. 47

Slot weld pitch answer



Welding Symbols

Slot Weld Example #3 What is the length of this slot weld?

FIG. 48

Slot weld length



Welding Symbols

The length of the slot weld is 4“

FIG. 49

Slot weld length answer



Welding Symbols

8.3 Arc Spot Welds A spot weld is dened by AWS A3.0 “Standard Welding Terms and Denions” as “a weld made between or upon overlapping members in which coalescence may start and occur on the faying surfaces or may proceed from the outer surface of one member”. The weld cross secon (plan view) is approximately circular” This type of weld does not require a prepared hole or slot and can be made by several welding processes. The welding informaon shown in an arc spot welding symbol includes: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

weld symbol size pitch and number of spots

The locaon of the elements of a spot welding symbol and the completed weld are shown in Figures 50 and 51. When arc spot welds are required in specic locaons, they must be idened on the drawing.

FIG. 50

Locaon of the elements of an arc spot welding symbol



Welding Symbols

FIG. 51

Completed arc spot weld

8.4 Stud Welds

FIG. 52

Locaon of the elements of a stud welding symbol



Welding Symbols

Stud welding can be dened as “Joining a metal stud or similar part to a workpiece.” Welding may be accomplished by arc, resistance, fricon or other process with or without external gas shielding. Arc stud welding is the more widely used process. The stud symbol is always placed below the reference line and the arrow of the welding symbol points to the surface to which the stud is to be welded. The only dimensions discussed in the stud welding symbol are the size, spacing and the number of studs, all placed on the same side of the reference line as the stud weld symbol. The required diameter (size) of the stud is specied to the le of the weld symbol. The pitch (centre-to-centre) distance or spacing of stud welds in a straight line is specied to the right of the weld symbol. The spacing of welds in any conguraon other than a straight line must be dimensioned on the drawing. The number of required stud welds is placed in parentheses below the stud weld symbol. An example of the desired weld and the corresponding stud welding symbol is shown in Figure 53. The stud weld size or diameter is 12 mm, the pitch is 80 mm and seven studs are required.

FIG. 53

Stud welding example



Welding Symbols

8.5 Surfacing As its name implies, a surfacing weld is applied to a surface. A building up of surfaces may be required for a various reasons, and the most common are: ♦ ♦ ♦

correcon of dimensions providing transion between dierent metals and providing corrosion- or wear-resistance

The characteriscs of a surfacing weld are shown in Figure 54. The area on which the surfacing weld is to be deposited is simply idened by the arrow poinng to it with the surfacing symbol always placed below the reference line. The required thickness is specied to the le of the weld symbol.

FIG. 54

Surfacing weld symbol



Welding Symbols

8.6 Brazed Joints Brazing can be dened as “a process for joining solid metals in close proximity by heang them to the brazing temperature in the presence of the ller metal.” A brazing operaon that involves no preparaon except cleaning, requires only the reference line, the arrow and the idencaon of the brazing process in the tail of the welding symbol as shown in Figure 55.

FIG. 55

Braze welding symbol



Welding Symbols

9. Nondestrucve Examinaon The examinaon methods and their corresponding leer designaon used on symbols are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Examinaon method leer designaons



Welding Symbols

10. Introducon to ISO 2553-1 The intent of this introducon to ISO 2553-1 is to present a basic outline of the ISO welding symbols, their features and applicaons. ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes – Symbolic representaon on drawings – Part 1: Welding, idenes two systems; system A and system B. The two systems should not be mixed. Both systems have the same intent and that is to enable communicaon between the designer and others in the producon chain (draing, welding engineering, supervising, hands-on welding, examinaon and inspecon personnel). However, the pathways to achieving that communicaon goal dier in some concepts and details. In system A, the reference line consists of two parallel lines: a connuous straight line and a dashed, idened line as shown in Figure 56 (a). The dashed line may be drawn above or below but parallel to the connuous line. The dashed line represents the other side of the joint to where the arrowhead is poinng. In system B as shown in Figure 56 (b), the reference line is a connuous straight line.



Welding Symbols

FIG. 56

Examples of ISO 2553-1 welding symbols



Welding Symbols

Both welding symbols shown designate the same weld: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

5 mm throat thickness llet welds with concave prole welded on the arrow side of the joint 4 welds 100 mm in length spacing between welds = 200 mm welded all-around eld welds welded using process 111 in accordance with ISO 4063

Examples of how to designate welds on the arrow side and other side of joints for systems A and B are shown in Figures 57 to 60.

FIG. 57

Arrow side and other side of llet welds

FIG. 58

Arrow side and other side of bu welds



Welding Symbols

FIG. 59

Arrow side and other side of plug welds

FIG. 60

Arrow side and other side of slot welds



Welding Symbols

For bu welds, when only the edge of one joint member is to be prepared, the arrow shall have a break and point toward that member as shown in Figure 61. The arrow need not be broken if it is obvious which member is to be prepared. The arrow shall not be broken if there is no preference as to which member is to be prepared.

FIG. 61

Examples of the use of broken arrow lines



Welding Symbols

Asymmetrical Welds The elementary symbols shall be arranged symmetrically on the reference line when used to represent symmetrical welds. Examples of the use of welding symbols to designate asymmetrical welds are shown in Figure 62. Dimensions shall be specied on the same side of the reference line as the associated weld symbol. In general, leers are not to be included with dimensions on drawings unless otherwise stated, e.g. llet welds and the symbols a (throat thickness), z (leg length) and s (deep penetraon welds).

FIG. 62

Examples of welding symbols for asymmetrical welds



Welding Symbols

Fillet Weld Dimensioning The symbol a, throat thickness, or z, leg length, shall be placed in front of the dimension to the le of the weld symbol. The throat thickness, a, is measured as the height of the largest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed in the secon of the nalized weld measured from the joint root. For llet welds with unequal leg lengths the symbols Z 1 and Z 2 are used where: Z =

leg length measured on the conguous member of the joint

Z =

leg length measured on the non-conguous (cross) member of the joint

1

2

For llet welds made on both sides of a joint, the dimensions of both welds shall be specied even if they are idencal.

FIG. 63

Fillet weld dimensions



Welding Symbols

For intermient welds, the dimension of the spacing between the welds, (e), shall be placed in parentheses aer the length dimension. The number of intermient welds required, n, shall be placed in front of the length dimension. If no number is specied, intermient welds shall be made along the whole length of the joint. Chain intermient welds made on both sides of the joint shall include informaon concerning the length, spacing and number of welds for both sides of the joint. Staggered intermient welds made on both sides of the joint, shall be designated using the “ Z ” symbol across the reference line. In the absence of any informaon concerning the oset, the centres of the welds on one side of the joint shall correspond with the centres of the gaps on the opposite side of the joint. Otherwise, the oset shall be specied in the tail or elsewhere.

FIG. 64

Intermient llet welds



Welding Symbols

Examples of how to dimension are V bu welds are shown in Figure 65.

FIG. 65

Flare V bu weld



Welding Symbols

Exercise 1

Exercise Answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 3



Welding Symbols

Exercise 4

Exercise Answers

Exercise 5 (a)

Exercise 6 (d)

Exercise 7 (b)

Exercise 8



Welding Symbols

Exercise 9

Exercise Answers

Exercise 10

Exercise 11



Welding Symbols

Exercise 12

Exercise Answers

Exercise 13 (a)

Exercise 14 (d)



Welding Symbols

Exercise 15

Exercise Exercise Answers Answers

Exercise 16 (d)

Exercise 17



Welding Symbols

Exam Exercise

The following are sample mulple choice quesons. The answer key is on page 87.

1.

Choose the correct welding symbol that precisely species the weld shown.

2.

Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.



Welding Symbols

3.

Choose the correct welding symbol for the weld shown.

4.


Exam Exercise



Welding Symbols

5.


6.


Exam Exercise



Welding Symbols

7.


8.


Exam Exercise



Welding Symbols

9.


10.


Exam Exercise



Welding Symbols

Answer Sheet

Complete the answer sheet and compare the results with the answer key. If you score less than 70%, we suggest you re-study the material. Please circle only ONE leer corresponding to the answer you think is most correct.

The answer sheet below is provided for your use in the event that you wish to retest yourself.

WSS Study Guide JS2-1 Welding Symbols

Answer Key


WSS Welding Symbols Study Guide LF

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