Wing Chun.pdf

Wing Chun For other uses, see Wing Chun (disambiguation).

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詠 春; pinyin: yǒng chūn ; Jyutping: wing6 ceon1 ; literally: “spring chant”), also romanised as Ving Tsun or Wing Tsun , (and sometimes substituted with the characters 永春 "eternal springtime"* [4]); is a concept-based Chinese martial art and form of self-defense utilising both striking and grappling while specialising in close-range combat.

He who excels as a warrior does not appear formidable. One who excels in fighting is never aroused in anger. One who excels in defeating his enemy does not join issues. One who excels in employing others humbles himself before them. This is the virtue of non-contention and matching the sublimity of heaven.* [9]

Wing Chun (Chinese:

The alternative characters永春“eternal spring”are also associated with some other southern Chinese martial arts, including Weng Chun Kung Fu and Yong Chun .* [5]* [6]

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Philosophy

Characteristics Balance, structure and stance

Some Wing Chun practitioners believe that the person with better body structure will win. A correct Wing Chun stance is like a piece of bamboo, firm but flexible, rooted but yielding. This structure is used to either deflect external forces or redirect them.

History

Balance is related to structure because a well-balanced body recovers more quickly from stalled attacks and Main article: History of Wing Chun structure is maintained. Wing Chun trains the awar eness of one's own body movement derived from musThe earliest known mentions of Wing Chun date to the cular, tendon, and articular sources. Performing Wing period of Red Boat Opera. Chun's forms such as Chum Kiu or the Wooden Dummy The common legend as told by Yip Man* [7] involves the form greatlyimprove proprioception. Wing Chun favours young woman Yim Wing-chun during the period after a high, narrow stance with the elbows kept close to the body. Within the stance, arms are positioned across the the destruction by the Qing government of the Southern vitals of the centerline. Shifting or turning within a stance Shaolin and its associated temples. is carried out variantly on the heels, balls, or middle (K1 Having rebuffed the local warlord's marriage offer, Yim or Kidney 1 point) of the foot depending on lineage. All Wing-Chun said she'd reconsider the proposal if he could attacks and counter-attacks are initiated from this firm, beat her in a fight. She soon crossed paths with a Buddhist stable base. Wing Chun rarely compromises structure for nun named Ng Mui, who was one of the Shaolin Sect sur- more powerful attacks because this is believed to create vivors, and asked the nun to teach her to fight. According defensive openings which may be exploited. to legend Ng Mui taught Yim Wing-Chun a new system of martial art that had been inspired by the nun's obser- Structure is viewed as important, not only for reasons vations of a confrontation between aSnake and a Crane. of defense, but also for attack. When the practitioner This then-still nameless style enabled Yim Wing-Chun to is effectively “rooted”, or aligned so as to be braced beat the warlord in a one-on-one fight. Yim Wing-Chun against the ground, the force of the hit is believed to be far thereafter married Leung Bac-Chou and taught him the more devastating. Additionally, the practice of“settling” one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the style, which was later named after her. ground aids in delivering as much force as possible to them.* [10]* [11]

Since the systemtowas during the Shaolin Ming resistance thedeveloped Qing Dynasty, many legends,and including the story of YimWing- Chun, were spread regarding the creation of Wing Chun in order to confuse enemies. This is often given as a reason to explain the difficulty in accurately determining the creator or creators of Wing Chun.* [8]

3.2

Relaxation

Softness (via relaxation) and performing techniques in a relaxed manner, is fundamental to Wing Chun. 1

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3 CHARACTERISTICS

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Tension reduces punching speed and power. Muscles act in pairs in opposition to each other (e.g. biceps and triceps). If the arm is tensed, maximum punching speed cannot be achieved as the biceps will be opposing the extension of the arm. In Wing Chun, the arm should be relaxed before beginning the punching motion.

as compromising the striker's position. Striking closer to the center transmits more force directly into the body.

3.4

Punches

Due to the emphasis on the center line, the straight punch is the most common strike in Wing Chun. However, the

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Unnecessary causes fatigue.muscle tension wastes energy and

principle of simultaneous attack and defense (LinTau Silwith Die Dar) suggests that all movements in the Siu Nim a forward execution flow into a strike if no effective reTense, stiff arms are less fluid and sensitive during sistance is met, without need for reco mposure. Other trapping and chi sao. explicit examples of punches can be found in the Chum Atense, stiff limb provides an easy handle for an op- Kiu and Bil Jee forms, although these punches may apponent to push or pull with, whereas a relaxed limb pear to be superficially different they are simply the result of the punch beginning from a different srcin position provides an opponent less to work with. while following the same fundamental idea, to punch in A relaxed, but focused, limb affords the ability to a straight line following the shortest distance between the feel“holes”or weaknesses in the opponent's struc- fist and the opponent. ture (see Sensitivity section). With the correct forwarding these “holes”grant a path into attacking The punch is the most basic and fundamental in Wing Chun and is usually thrown with the elbow down and in the opponent. front of the body. Depending on the lineage, the fist is Muscular struggle reduces a fight to whois stronger. Minimum brute strength in all movement becomes The held contact anywhere fromalso vertical to horizontal (palm side up). points vary from the top two knuckles, an equalizer in uneven strength confrontations. This to the middle two knuckles, to the bottom three knuckles. is very much in the spirit of the tale of Ng Mui. In some lineages of Wing Chun, the fist is swiveled at the wrist on point of impact so that the bottom three knuckles are thrust forward adding power to the punch while it is 3.3 Centerline at maximum extension. •

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While the existence of a “central axis”concept is unified in Wing Chun, the interpretation of the centerline concept itself is not. Many variations exist, with some lineages defining anywhere from a single“centerline”to multiple lines of interaction and definition. Traditionally the centerline is considered to be the vertical axis from the top of a human's head to the groin. The human body's

The punches may be thrown in quick succession in a “straight blast”or “chain punching”. When executed

correctly, it can be used as a disorienting finisher. When executing the punch, one must relax and use the shoulders. The punch comes from the body and not the arm. Like most other punches in martial arts, Wing Chun punches with the body.

prime striking targets are considered to be on orstomach, near this Wing Chun is often criticized for encouraging weaker line, including eyes, nose, throat, solar plexus, punches that do not utilize the whole body. However, pelvis and groin. as per the formal name of the punch in Chinese ( 日字 Wing Chun techniques are generally“closed”, with the 衝拳), which is translated as “The Sun-character Rushlimbs drawn in to protect the central area and also to ing Punch”(or“Hammer”in Cantonese), a practitioner maintain balance. In most circumstances, the hands do typically would thrust their full body weight towards their not move beyond the vertical circle that is described by opponent with the fist as the“nail”and their body as the swinging the arms in front, with the hands crossed at the “hammer”. With each successive punch, the practitioner wrists. To reach outside this area, footwork is used. A would step in closer and closer to the opponent, driving large emphasis and time investment in training Chi Sao the fists forward as a hammer drives a nail. exercise emphasizes positioning to dominate this centerline. The stance and guard all point at or through the cen- Wing Chun favors the vertical punch for several reasons: ter to concentrate physical and mental intent of the entire Directness. The punch is not“loaded”by pulling the body to the one target. elbow behind the body. The punch travels straight Wing Chun practitioners attack within this central area to towards the target from the guard position (hands “core transmit force more effectively, since it targets the are held in front of the chest). center”(or “mother line”, another center defined in some lineages and referring to the vertical axis of the huProtection. The elbow is kept low to cover the front man body where the center of gravity lies). For example, midsection of the body. It is more difficult for an striking an opponent's shoulder will twist the body, disopponent to execute an elbow lock/break when the pelling some of the force and weakening thestrike, as well elbow occupies this position. This aids in generating •

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3.6 Uncommitted techniques

power by use of the entire body structure rather than only the arm to strike. Also with the elbow down, it offers less opening for the body to be attacked while the forearm and punch intercept space towards the head and upper body.

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A roundhouse kick is performed striking with the shin in a similar manner to the Muay Thai version with most of the power coming from the body pivot. This kick is usually used as a finisher at closer range, targeting anywhere between the ribs and the back of the knee, this kick can also become a knee at close range. Other kicks include Strength and Impact. Wing Chun practitioners be- a stamping kick (Mook Jong) for very close range and a lieve that because the elbow is behind the fist dur- sweep performed with the heel in a circular fashion. ing the strike, it is thereby supported by the strength Every kick is both an attack and defence, with legs beof the entire body rather than just a swinging fist, and therefore has more impac t. A common anal- ing used to check incoming kicks or to take the initiative ogy is a baseball bat being swung at someone's head in striking through before a more circular kick can land. (a round-house punch), as opposed to the butt end Kicks are delivered in one movement directly from the of the bat being thrust forward into the opponent's stance without chambering/cocking. face (wing chun punch), which would cause far more damage than a glancing hit and is not as easy to evade. Many skilled practitioners pride themselves 3.6 Uncommitted techniques on being able to generate “short power”or large amount of power in a short space. A common Wing Chun techniques areuncommitted. This means that demonstration of this is the " one-inch punch", a if the technique fails to connect, the practitioner's posipunch that starts only an inch away from the target tion or balance is less affected. If the attack fails, the practitioner is able to“flow”easily into a follow-up attack. yet delivers an explosive amount of force. All Wing Chun techniques permit this. Any punches or Alignment & Structure. Because of Wing Chun's kicks can be strung together to form a “chain”of atusage of stance, the vertical punch is thus more suit- tacks. According to Wing Chun theory, these attacks, in able. The limb directly in front of the chest, elbow contrast to one big attack, break down the opponent graddown, vertical nature of the punch allows a practi- ually causing internal damage. Chained vertical punches tioner to absorb the rebound of the punch by direct- are a common Wing Chun identifier. ing it through the elbows and into the stance. This is a desirable trait to a Wing Chun practitioner because it promotes use of the entire body structure to gen- 3.7 Trapping skills and sensitivity erate power. Whereas, the rebound of a horizontal punch uses only the arm to strike. In this elbow-out The Wing Chun practitioner develops reflexes within the position the hinge-structure directs force outwards searching of unsecured defenses through use of sensitivalong the limb producing torque in the puncher's ity. Training through Chi Sao with a training partner, one body. practices the trapping of hands. When an opponent is “trapped”, he or she becomes immobile.

3.5

Kicks

Chinese philosophy:

Kicks can be explicitly found in the Chum Kiu and Mook “Greet what arrives, escort Jong forms, though some have made interpretations of what leaves and rush upon loss of small leg movements in the Siu Nim Tau and Bil Jee to contact(來留去送，甩手直衝)" contain information on kicking as well. Depending on - Yip Man lineage, a beginner is often introduced to basic kicking before learning the appropriate form. Traditionally, kicks are kept below the waist. This is characteristic of southern Chinese martial arts, in contrast to northern systems 3.8 Close range which utilize many high kicks. Wing Chun teaches practitioners to advance quickly and Kicks in Wing Chun are mostly directed at the lower half strike at close range. While the Wing Chun forward kick of the body. Wing Chun kicks are designed to knock can be considered a long range technique, many Wing an opponent off balance, break their leg, or to bring an opponent on their knees. Chun practice “entry ” —getting past anpractitioners opponent's kicks andpunc hestechniques to bring them within Variations on afront kick are performed striking with the heel. The body may be square and the knee and f oot are vertical on contact (Chum Kiu), or a pivot may be involved with the foot and knee on a plane at an angle (Mook Jong). At short distances this can become a knee.

range of Wing Chun's close range repertoire. This means that theoretically, if the correct techniques are applied, a shorter person with a shorter range can defeat a larger person by getting inside their range and attacking them close to their body.

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4 4.1

4 CURRICULUM

Curriculum

4.1.4

Weapons

Forms and san sik

Once correct force generation in the open-handed forms is achieved, the student is ready to progress to weapons. Forms are meditative, solitary exercises which develop With the open hand forms delivering force to the end of self-awareness, balance, relaxationand sensitivity. Forms the finger tips, the idea is to be able to extend that force also train the practitioner in the fundamental movement further to the end of a weapon as an extension of the body, and the correct force generation of Wing Chun. San Sik (translated as Separate Forms) are compact in structure. They can be loosely grouped into three broad categories: 1) focus on building body structure through basic punching, standing, turning, and stepping drills; 2) fundamental arm cycles and changes, firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for interception and adaptation; and 3) sensitivity training and combination techniques.

using same principles. these weapons forms can bethe used as an exercise toAlso, strengthen the forearms and wrists even further. The Yuen Kay Shan / Sum Nung branch also historically trained throwing darts (Biu). According to Sum Nung, his skill with them was not comparable enough to Yuen Kay Shan's for him to include them in the current curriculum.

It is from the forms and san sik that all Wing Chun techniques are derived. Depending on lineage, the focus, content and intent of each form can have distinct differences which can therefore have far reaching implications. This also means that there are a few different ideas concerning what constitutes progression in the curriculum from form 4.2 Chi Sao to form, so only a general description of overlap between different schools of thought is possible here. Chi Sao (Chinese 黐手 , Cantonese chi 1 sau², Mandarin What's commonly seen are six Wing Chun forms: * [12] chǐshǒu) or“sticking hands”is a term for theprin ciple and three empty hand forms, one “wooden dummy”form, drills used for the development of automatic reflexes upon and two weapons forms. contact and the idea of“sticking”to the opponent (also known as“sensitivity training”). In reality, the intention is not to “stick”to your opponent at all costs, but rather to protect your centerline while simultaneously attacking 4.1.1 Empty hand your opponent's centerline.* [20] In Wing Chun, this is practiced by two practitioners maintaining contact with 4.1.2 Wooden dummy each other's forearms while executing techniques, thereby training each other to sense changes in body mechanics, pressure, momentum and “feel”. The increased sensi4.1.3 Forms Both the Way Yan (Weng Chun) and Nguyễn Tế-Công branches use different curricula of empty hand forms. The Tam Yeung and Fung Sang lineages both trace their srcins to Leung Jan's retirement to his native village of Gu Lao, where he taught a curriculum of San Sik.

tivity gained from this movements drill helps a precisely, practitioner attack and counter an opponent's quickly, with appropriate techniques. Chi Sao additionally refers to methods of rolling hands drills (Luk Sao). Luk Sao participants push and “roll” their forearms against each other in a single circle while trying to remain in relaxed form. The aim is to feel force, test resistance, and find defensive gaps. Other branches have a version of this practice where each arm rolls in small, separate circles. Luk Sao is most notably taught within the Pan Nam branch of Wing Chun where both the larger rolling drills as well as the smaller, separatehand circle drills are taught.

The Siu Lien Tao (Little First Training) of Cho Ga Wing Chun is one long form that includes movements that are comparative to a combination of Siu Nim Tao, Chum Kiu, and Biu Jee of other families. The other major forms of the style are Sui Da ( “Random Striking”), Chui Da (“Chase Striking”), Fa Kuen (“Variegated Fist”), Jin Jeung ( “Arrow Palm”), Jin Kuen ( “Arrow Fist”), Joy Kuen ( “Drunken Fist”), Sup Saam Sao ( “Thir- In some lineages (such as the Yip Man and Jiu Wan teen Hands ), and Chi styles Sao Lung (“Sticking (especially Hands Set” ). Also, a” few family of Wing-Chun those coming from the“Hong Sun Hay Ban Tong”(Red Boat/Junk Opera Society) have a combination advanced form called;“Saam Baai Fut”(3 Bows to Buddha) which includes many flow/leak techniques from all of the first 'standard' 6 forms.

branches), Chi Sao Saowhich drillshelp begin one-armed called Dan Chi thewith novice student tosets get the feel of the exercise; each practitioner uses one hand from the same side as they face each other. Chi Sao is a sensitivity drill to train and obtain specific responses and should not be confused with actual sparring or fighting though it can be practiced or expressed in a combat form.

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4.3

Chi Gerk

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Chi Gerk or“Sticking-legs,”is the lower-body equivalent of the upperbody 's Chi Sao training, aimedon developing awareness in the lower body and obtaining relaxation of the legs.

4.4

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Mook Wan

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“Wooden Ring”, is another, somewhat rare training-tool

in some families of Wing Chun. An approximately 10 inch to 14 inch ring made of bamboo or rattan (some schools use a metal ring), the Mook Wan is used for training the wrists and forearms, and to instruct the student in “flow”from technique to technique. Some schools set up a form for this technique, while other schools train techniques and strategies without a formulated pattern.

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Southern martial art

Donnie Yen (Chinese: 甄子 丹) learned from Sifu Ip Chun Jackie Chan (Chinese: 成 龍) learned from Sifu Leung Ting * [28] Stephen Chow (Chinese: 周星馳) learned from Sifu Wong Shun Leung * [29]* [30] Nicholas Tse (Chinese: 謝 霆 鋒) learned from Phillip Ng * [31]

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Ti Lung (Chinese: 狄龍)

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Yuen Biao (Chinese: 元彪)

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Robert Downey Jr. learned from Sifu Eric Oram * [32] Christian Bale learned from Sifu Eric Oram* [33]

Branches

Main article: Southern Chinese martial art

Main article: Branches of Wing Chun

Wing Chun, together with Hung Gar and Choi Lei Fut, is named as one of “The Three Great Martial Art Schools of the South”, which srcinated and became popular in Southern China.

Direct Lineage of Wing Chun as passed down from ip man to the UK - Grand Master Ip Man, Grand Master Ip Chun, Grand Master Michael Tse, Master Darryl Moy, Sifu Sean Mann

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Global spread

Wing Chun is practiced globally in over 64 countries.* [21] It is the world's most popular form of Southern Kung Fu.* [22]

See also •

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6.1

In popular culture

Donnie Yen has caused impact in the martial arts world through his various films. Donnie Yen played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie Ip Man, which was a box office success; and its sequels Ip Man 2 and Ip Man 3.* [23]

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Famous practitioners •

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Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍) learned from Sifu Yip Man & Wong Shun Leung * [24]* [25]* [26]* [27] Brandon Lee (American) trained in Wing Chun as well as Jeet Kune Do, Muay Thai, & Shaolin KungFu.

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Sammo Hung (Chinese: 洪金寶)

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Michelle Yeoh (Chinese: 楊紫琼)

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Chinese martial arts List of movies featuring Wing Chun Wing Chun terms

References

[1] Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions – Robert Chu, René Ritchie, Y. Wu – Google Books . Books.google.com (1998-06-15). Retrieved on 2012-01-14. [2] Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions – Robert Chu, René Ritchie, Y. Wu – Google Books . Books.google.com (1998-06-15). Retrieved on 2012-01-14. [3] Wing Chun Kung Fu: thTraditional King– Fu for Self-Defense andHeal – Ip Chun, Chinese Michael Tse Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-14. [4] 永春 in usage : Leung Ting, Roots and Branches of Wing Tsun and Robert Chu, Rene Ritchie, Y. Wu, Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions and Ritchie, Rene, “What's in a name?"

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11 SOURCES

[5] “Weng Chun Kung Fu”. Weng-chun.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [6] “Yong Chun White Crane Kung Fu ”. Yongchunbaihechuen.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [7] “Translation of Ip Man's account of Wing Chun's History”. Kwokwingchun.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [8] The Secret History of Wing Chun: The Truth Revealed, – By Benny Meng and Alfredo Delbrocco

[30] " 重温《功夫》看星爷打咏春拳". [31] " 壹盤生意叛逆詠春派搶攻上位 - 明星八掛大分享". [32] “ERIC ORAM – THE SIFU BEHIND ROBERT DOWNEY JR.’S RETURN TO THE TOP”. [33] “Famous People Who Study Wing Chun ”.

34. “Wing Chun Gung Fu : The Explosive Art of Close Range Combat”by Randy Williams

[9]“The Way of the Warrior ”. Howard Reid and Michael Croucher. ISBN 0712600795 [10] “Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun”. Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06. [11] “Integrative Wing Chun”. Kung FuMagazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

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[12] “Six Forms of Wing Chun”. Wingchunlife.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. •

[13] Michel Boulet. “The Simple Basics of a Complex Art”. the Wing Chun Archive. Retrieved 2013-02-10. •

[14] Jim Fung (2009-02-23). “Wing Chun Stance ”. Wingchun.com.au. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [15] Tsui Sheung Tin. “The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau ” . Tstvingtsun.bc.ca. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [16] martialarts2 Archived February 3, 2010 at the Wayback Machine [17] “The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu | Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali”. Teamwingchun.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [18] “Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio – Training ”. Tstvingtsun.bc.ca. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [19] City Wing Chun – Training Notes Archived 2009 at the Wayback Machine

April 15,

[20] “Chi Sau: What's Behind Sticky Hand Training ”. Wingchunlife.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [21] “Orange County Wing Chun FAQ's”. Ocwingchun.com. 2004-02-26. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [22] “Kung Fu Magazine's Description of Wing Chun ”. Ezine.kungfumagazine.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [23] “2008 Chinese BoxOffice records”. Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. [24] “BRUCE LEE AND HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH WONG SHUN LEUNG”. [25] “Who Taught Bruce Lee?". [26] “Wong meet Bruce Lee”. [27] “Wong Shun Leung – The Logic Behind Wing Chun ”. [28] “Jackie Chan Wing Chun Practitioner”. [29] “Sifu Li Heng Chang Official Website (Chinese: 李恆 昌)".

Sources Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; & Wu, Muthu Veeran (india). (1998). Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions . Boston: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3141-6. Leung Ting (1978). Wing Tsun Kuen. Hong Kong: Leung's Publications. ISBN 962-7284-01-7. Ritchie, Rene, “Wing Chun Concepts”.

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Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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