FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG
LABORATORY MANUAL
COURSE
BASIC HYDRAULICS
COURSE CODE
ECW 321
LEVEL OF OPENNESS
0
CATEGORY
TRADITIONAL
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%)
0
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY
1 WEEK (WEEK 4)
TITLE
MEASUREMENT OF PUMP EFFICIENCY, HEAD AND DISCHARGE.
1.1 Introduction The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements namely problem, problem, ways & means means and answers are answers are provided/fully given to the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole laboratory course activity specially to first and second year students In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the apparatus and appropriate methods to carry out demonstration of t urbine performance. 1.2 Objectives To determine the head / flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency under single, series and parallel pump operation PREAMBLE
1.3 Learning Outcomes At the end of the laboratory laboratory activities, activities, students would would be able to: 1. Conduct the experiments experiments for measurement of pump pump efficiency, head and discharge. 2. Analyse data and discuss pump performance under single, series and parallel pump operation 3. Work in a group to produce laboratory report. 1.4
Theoretical Background
(a) Single centrifugal pump Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids. Centrifugal pump operates as follow: As the prime mover rotates the driveshaft, the impeller fluid is drawn in axially through the centre opening of the housing. The o fluid then makes a 90 turn and flows radially outward. As energy is added to the fluid by rotating blades (centrifugal action and actual blade force), the pressure and velocity increase until the fluid reaches the outer tip of the impeller. The fluid then enters the volute-shaped housing whose increased flow area causes the ©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG
Nov 2014
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG
LABORATORY MANUAL
velocity to decrease. This action results in a decrease in kinetic energy and an accompanying increase in pressure. (b) Series pump operation Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same flowrate as the single pump.
Figure 8.1 Series Pump Curve Characteristics As shown in Figure 8.1, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate characteristics are operated in series in combined pump head-flowrate curve is obtained by adding the head of single pump curve at the same flowrate. (c) Parallel pump operation Pumps can be combined in parallel to obtain in increase in flowrate at the same head as the single pump.
Figure 8.2 Parallel Pump Curve Characteristics As shown in Figure 8.2, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate characteristics are operated in parallel the combined pump head-flowrate curve is obtained by adding the flowrates of the single pumps at the same head. Formula for calculation of variables (in accordance with series and parallel pump test rig model:FM07A-1) Power (fluid), = QH Volumetric flow rate, (m3/s)=
©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG
flow( LPM ) 6000
Nov 2014
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG
LABORATORY MANUAL
Pump head, () =
P 2 P 1 g
Overall efficiency, Πoverall=
Power fluid Power electrical
100%
** Pressure unit (P1, P2) is Pascal. Unit conversion 1 bar = 100000 Pa
2 Problem Statement PROBLEM STATEMENT
Each group is required to determine the maximum flow rate, pump head and pump efficiency under single, series and parallel pump operation.
3.1
Apparatus
Pump apparatus as shown in Figure 8.3 will be used to determine head / flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency and Figure 8.4 shows process diagram for series and parallel pump operation.
WAYS & MEANS
Figure 8.3 Pump Apparatus
©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG
Nov 2014
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG
LABORATORY MANUAL
Figure 8.4 Process Diagram for Series / Parallel Pump
3.2
Procedures
1. The circulation tank is filled with water. 2. Make sure V5 is fully close position. 3. Switch on the main power supply. 4. Turn on the main switch on the control panel. Ensure all digital indicators illuminate. 5. Check for the following valve position in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Valve Position Pump Operation
Running Pump
Fully Open Valve
Fully Close Valve
Single
Pump 2, P2
V2
V1,V3,V4
Series
Both pump
V1,V3
V2,V4
Parallel
Both pump
V1,V2,V4
V3
6. Turn on the pump and slowly open V5 until maximum flowrate is achieved. Follow the experiment procedures to determine the desired flow rate. 7. Use the pump speed selector switch to monitor the pump speed.
©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG
Nov 2014
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG 3.3
LABORATORY MANUAL
Data Acquisition
Data required for this experiment are at least 5 different flowrate and pump head for each 3 different cases (single, series and parallel). Refer Table 8.2 – 8.4 for data acquisition purpose. 4 Results, Analysis and Conclusion
RESULTS
Each group is required to submit a technical report of the laboratory result highlighting the apparatus used, the procedures undertaken for the test, data acquisition process, graphical analysis, discussion on the pump performance for all THREE (3) pump operations and the relevancy of the set out output to address the given problem. The report must be submitted within 7 days after the completion of the test
Table 8.2 Single Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate Flow rate (LPM)
Speed (RPM)
Power (watt)
PT1 (bar)
PT3 (bar)
Table 8.3 Series Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate Flow rate (LPM)
Speed (RPM)
Power (watt)
PT1 (bar)
PT3 (bar)
Table 8.4 Parallel Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate Flow rate (LPM)
©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG
Speed (RPM)
Power (watt)
PT1 (bar)
PT3 (bar)
Nov 2014
