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_mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Nkzih Gdbkg d Meypmptimhekg Eh dmypd tek Gd} `d Kbtky% De gk kiptkgm`k`' yd deitdepzk de qzhidyh `d keëgmymy ghy qzh}diphy `d gd} qzdydepk`hy de dg Qkzgkndeph Ekimhekg } hpzhy qzdydepk`hy qhz meypmptimhedy qüjgmiky ihnqdpdepdy% Dmypde nëy `d :1 meypmptimhedy vmeitgk`ky k gk bdypmùe `dg kbtk ihe kgbüe pmqh `d ihnqdpdeimk% Dg qkîy eh `myqhed `d tek gdbmygkimùe {td mevhgtizd k ph`ky gky qkzpdy ihnqhedepdy `dg zditzyh `d kbtk' `dy`d gk qzdimqmpkimùe' meomgpzkimùe' dyihzzdepîk' kgnkideknmdeph' dvkqhpzkeyqmzkimùe' ikgm`k` } pzkyvkyd depzd itdeiky ekimhekgdy d mepdzekimhekgdy' kyî ihnh gk `domemimùe `dg ëzdk `d ihnqdpdeimk } zdyqheykjmgm`k`dy `d gky meypmptimhedy ekimhekgdy zdgkimhek`ky ihe ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Depzd gky meypmptimhedy' eh dmypde ndikemynhy dodipmvhy `d ihhz`mekimùe' {td gdy qdznmpke qzhpdbdz ghy zditzyhy ihe dodipmvm`k`' } yd phnke `dimymhedy mnqhymjgdy `d ydz ggdvk`ky k gk qzëipmik% Fh}' dypk ymptkimùe' fkid {td eh dmypke gky bkzkepîky ihepdnqgk`ky de gk qzhqmk Iheypmptimùe Ekimhekg' zdodzdepd k gk ikgm`k` `d vm`k ùqpmnk' `d te knjmdepd ykgt`kjgd } dihgùbmikndepd d{tmgmjzk`h' de ihe`mimhedy `d mbtkg`k`%
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Tyhy kbzhqditkzmhy `dg Kbtk } yt mnqkiph de dg ytdgh Kiptkgndepd eh yd zdkgm|ke dypt`mhy `d ytdgh k emvdg `d ydnm`dpkggd de gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg% Ghy üemihy dypt`mhy {td yd ggdvke k ikjh zdbtgkzndepd yhe ghy dmbm`hy de ghy Qgkedy `d Tyh Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk qhz dg Ydzvmimh Ohzdypkg Ekimhekg' Ekimhekg' kte{td ikzdide `d gk zmbtzhym`k` `d gky ehznkpmvky `d ghy ymypdnky mepdzekimhekgdy `d igkymomikimùe &OKH h `dg @dqkzpkndeph `d Kbzmitgptzk `d ghy Dypk`hy Tem`hy `d Knízmik-% Gk ymptkimùe ymptkimùe yhimkg } diheùnmik yd deitdepzk dypzdifkndepd vmeitgk`k k gk ymptkimùe kiptkg `dg nd`mh knjmdepd% Dg qkpzùe `d izdimnmdeph diheùnmih yd ote`kndepk' depzd hpzhy ndikemynhy de gk dqghpkimùe `d ghy zditzyhy ekptzkgdy% Dg nh`dgh kbzh dqhzpk`hz ytypdepk`h de gk dqkeymùe `d gk ozhepdzk kbzîihgk qkzk gk qzh`tiimùe `d yhlk' kyî ihnh gk me`typzmk nk`dzdzk zdytgpkzhe de gk dzhymùe `d ghy ytdghy `myqhemjgdy' de tek kidgdzk`k `dohzdypkimùe } de gk qdz`m`k `d `mvdzym`k` jmhgùbmik } gk iheymbtmdepd qdz`m`k `d ikqkim`k`dy qkzk gky bdedzkimhedy otptzky%
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Yd qtd`d komznkz {td eh dmypd tek hz`dekimùe pdzzmphzmkg } knjmdepkg k emvdg qkîy' zdbmùe' `dqkzpkndeph h ntemimqmh% Pknqhih yd itdepk ihe `kphy `d ghy iknjmhy `dg tyh `dg ytdgh de ohznk ymypdnëpmik% Dg dypt`mh `d ghy mnqkiphy hitzzm`hy de dg qkyk`h } ghy {td hitzzde kiptkgndepd yd zdkgm|ke de ohznk me`tipmvk } kekgùbmik% Yme dnjkzbh' dmypd meohznkimùe `myqdzyk bdedzk`k qhz dypt`mhy `d iheytgphzky qzmvk`ky qkzk qzh}diphy `dg ydiphz qüjgmih } qzmvk`h' ihnh dg NHQI' NKB } hpzky' ghy itkgdy fkypk gk odifk eh yd fkggke ymypdnkpm|k`ky de te ymypdnk mepdbzk`h% Ghy qzmeimqkgdy qzhjgdnky hjydzvk`hy' ihnh zdytgpk`h `d gky iheytgpky qüjgmiky } pkggdz ihe dyqdimkgmypky' de dyphy ügpmnhy kûhy yhe< Ö Ö
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@dykqkzmimùe `d ghy jhy{tdy } gk `mynmetimùe `d gk jmh`mvdzym`k` jmhgùbmik% Ihepknmekimùe `d gky kbtky ytqdzomimkgdy' qhz empzkphy } ohyokphy qzhid`depdy `d odzpmgm|kepdy hzbëemihy } {tînmihy Ihepknmekimùe `d gky kbtky' vdbdpkgdy } kemnkgdy qhz qdypmim`ky% @dbzk`kimùe `dg ytdgh de imdzpky |heky `d tyh mepdeymvh' ihe ikzkipdzîypmiky `d nhehitgpmvhy dpdeymvhy } yme qzëipmiky k`ditk`ky `d qzhpdiimùe } iheydzvkimùe `d ytdghy% @dbzk`kimùe `dg qkmykld% Zmdybhy k gk ykgt` qhz ihepknmekimùe `d kbtky ytqdzomimkgdy } ytjpdzzëedky {td yhe tpmgm|k`ky qkzk gk qzdqkzkimùe `d kgmndephy } jdjm`ky%
_mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Nhemphzdh fm`zhgùbmih } ymypdnky `d meohznkimùe De dg qkîy dmypde vkzmky zd`dy `d hjydzvkimhedy fm`zhgùbmiky' ndpdhzhgùbmiky } `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk hqdzk`ky qhz meypmptimhedy qüjgmiky } dnqzdyky `dg dypk`h ihnh KE@D' KEEQ } depm`k`dy jmekimhekgdy ihnh MPKMQT } ]KI]ZDPK% Yme dnjkzbh' emebtek `d dypky zd`dy hqdzke de ohznk ihhz`mek`k }' de ntifhy ikyhy pknqhih ihnqkzpde gk meohznkimùe bdedzk`k% Dypk zdkgm`k`' mnqhymjmgmpk kg Qkzkbtk} } yty meypmptimhedy' ihepkz ihe meohznkimùe `d ikgm`k` } iheomkjmgm`k` {td qdznmpke k yty ktphzm`k`dy qgkemomikz } phnkz `dimymhedy dypzkpíbmiky kyhimk`ky ihe ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy } yty kqgmikimhedy%
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Imdeimk } Pdiehghbîk Gk ikqkimpkimùe de zditzyhy fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} eh itdepk ihe te qgke ekimhekg em tek meypmptimùe zdiphzk% Gky tem`k`dy kik`ínmiky `d temvdzym`k`dy hozdide ikqkimpkimùe de ihnqhedepdy `d zditzyhy fî`zmihy ihnh fm`zhghbîk' bdhghbîk' {tînmik' `dzdifh knjmdepkg } kbzkzmh' ikgm`k` `dg kbtk' igmnkphghbîk } ndpdhzhghbîk' ykedknmdeph tzjkeh } ztzkg' dihghbîk ftnkek' zmdbh' `zdekld } hpzhy' ph`hy ihnh qkzpd `d itzzîitgtn kyhimk`h k ikzzdzky `d qzdbzk`h } kgbteky `d qhypbzk`h% Dmypd tek ikzzdzk píiemik `d ndpdhzhghbîk de gk TEK% Eh fk} emebtek ikzzdzk `d nke`h nd`mh kyhimk`k k nd`mimhedy fm`zhgùbmiky% Ym jmde dmypd dg Iheydlh Ekimhekg `d Imdeimk } Pdiehghbîk ’ IHEKI]P' íypd eh ohzntgk qgkedy dyqdiîomihy qkzk dg ydiphz% •
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Kiimhedy qzhqtdypky qhz ghy qkzpmimqkepdy qkzpmimqkep dy `dg Pkggdz Ekimhekg `d _mymùe Gky kiimhedy qzdydepk`ky de dypd meohznd otdzhe hjpdem`ky ymbtmde`h gk ndph`hghbîk qgkepdk`k qhz dg Ihhz`mek`hz Píiemih `d dypk iheytgphzîk' @z% Ikzghy Ptiim } `dyizmpky `dyizmpky dg ghy ikqîptghy ymbtmdepdy% Gky kiimhedy yd `mvm`mdzhe de imeih ëzdky pdnëpmiky ihnh ymbtd< ;% Tyh `dg Kbtk kiptkgdy } qhpdeimkgdy de dg Qkzkbtk}
KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H Izdkimùe `d te hzbkemynh píiemih qkzk dg ihepzhg } gk dlditimùe `d gky qhgîpmiky `d tyh `dg kbtk &ihnh zditzyh } ihnh ydzvmimh-% Dypkjgdimnmdeph `d gky itdeiky fm`zhbzëomiky qhz ikpdbhzîky qkzk dg nkedlh } dvkgtkimùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy% Jkgkeid Fî`zmih de ph`ky gky itdeiky' qkzk dvkgtkz gky hodzpky } `dnke`ky `d kbtk% Igkymomikimùe `dg tyh `d gky kbtky qhz itdeiky `d kitdz`h k gk ikgm`k`% @dyidepzkgm|kimùe `d gk Bdypmùe `dg Kbtk de Bhjdzekimhedy } Ntemimqmhy%
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KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H Dvkgtkimùe `dg tyh qhpdeimkg `dg kbtk de ik`k itdeik } dypkjgdimnmdeph' jklh gdbmygkimùe' `dg tyh qzmhzmpkzmh `d ghy zditzyhy `d gk itdeik% Ktndeph `dg emvdg `d ihjdzptzk `d ymypdnky `d kgikepkzmggk`h ykempkzmh } ghy pzkpknmdephy `d dogtdepdy qzhqhzimhekgndepd kg izdimnmdeph `dnhbzëomih% Ndlhzkz gk qzdvmymùe } qzd`miimùe `d ikt`kgdy } emvdgdy `d ghy itzyhy fî`zmihy%
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KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H Dgkjhzkimùe `d qzhbzknky `d ihepzhg ymypdnëpmih } kqgmikimùe `d píiemiky qzhjk`ky qkzk dg keëgmymy d mepdzqzdpkimùe `d `kphy itkgmpkpmvhy } itkepmpkpmvhy% Dypt`mh `d gky kbtky pdznkgdy ihnh dedzbîk kgpdzekpmvk @mydûkz ndikemynhy `d zdbtgkimùe `dg tyh `dg kbtk bkzkepm|ke`h dg kiidyh kg nmynh qkzk ghy ydiphzdy yhimkgdy ndehy okvhzdim`hy &kiidyh k kbtk ydbtzk-%
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KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H Fkidz itnqgmz qhz gky ktphzm`k`dy ihnqdpdepdy gky gd}dy } zdbtgkimhedy qdzpmedepdy% @d vmpkg mnqhzpkeimk qkzk dg zditzyh fî`zmih dy gk qzhpdiimùe `d tek ozkelk `d ;11 n% `d gky ekimdepdy } itdzqhy `d kbtk &Gd} 0::(29 } zdyhgtimùe ;6%69;(6?-% Ehznky `d qzhpdiimùe `d itzyhy `d kbtk de ëzdky `d itgpmvh mepdeymvh% Jkyd `d `kphy `d tyhy `d ghy ytdghy qkzk nhemphzdh% Ndlhzkz gk ihjdzptzk `d nhemphzdh `d `kphy igmnëpmihy de |heky `d itgpmvhy% itgpmvhy % Meidepmvkz `dy`d dg Dypk`h ghy qgkedy `d zdohzdypkimùe `dy`d dg qteph `d vmypk `d iheydzvkimùe } eh `dy`d dg qteph `d vmypk `d gk dqghpkimùe ohzdypkg% Mnqgdndepkz te ymypdnk `d qzd`miimùe igmnëpmik dypkimhekg {td okimgmpd meohznkimùe yhjzd dvdephy dpzdnhy' dyqdimkgndepd `d yd{tîky d mete`kimhedy% Mnqgdndepkz te qgke `d nhemphzdh `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk ihe zdyqdiph kg tyh `d qdypmim`ky } odzpmgm|kepdy {tînmihy de itdzqhy `d kbtk ytqdzomimkg } ytjpdzzëedky de ëzdky `d kbzmitgptzk ndikem|k`k' de ëzdky `d itgpmvh `d kgbh`ùe } fhzpmitgptzk%
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KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H Phnkz nd`m`ky pde`mdepdy k dypkjgdidz ghy iknjmhy de dg tyh `dg ytdgh' jkyk`h de te qgke `d hz`deknmdeph pdzzmphzmkg' jkyk`h de dg iheidqph dyqkimkg `d itdeiky fm`zhgùbmiky' pkeph phqhbzëomiky ihnh bdhgùbmiky% Iknqkûk `d d`tikimùe knjmdepkg ’ ohznkg d meohznkg de dg ëzdk kbzîihgk% Gk kitmitgptzk `djd ydz iheym`dzk`k ihnh kgpdzekpmvk k ghy ytjym`mhy k ghy qdyik`hzdy de íqhiky `d vd`k%
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9% Fm`zhvîk' Fm`zhvîk' Dedzbîk } Yd`mndephy Yd`mndep hy
KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H Ndlhzkz ghy qzheùypmihy ndpdhzhgùbmihy &`mypzmjtimùe dyqkimkg' pdnqhzkg } ikepm`k`-' igmnëpmihy d fm`zhgùbmihy% Ndlhzkz dg ihehimnmdeph `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph `d gky ytjitdeiky meigt}de`h gk kqgmikimùe `d zd`dy `d nhemphzdh igmnëpmihy d fm`zhgùbmihy ihe qk`zhedy ihnqkzkjgdy%
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KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H Mnqgdndepkz dg tyh nügpmqgd `dg kqzhvdifknmdeph `dg kbtk% @dykzzhggkz mevdypmbkimhedy qkzk ihepzhgkz gk dqkeymùe `d ghy dodiphy `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h% Ikgm`k` `d Kbtk qhz pzknhy de ghy iktidy fî`zmihy% K`hqpkz ihnh te izmpdzmh `d qgkedknmdeph gk pzkeyvdzykgm`k` `dg tyh `dg kbtk%
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0% Jmh`mvdzym`k` } Kbtk
KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H Ndlhzkz gk M`depmomikimùe `d gk `mvdzym`k` kitëpmik de ghy itdzqhy `d kbtk% @dykzzhggkz qzhbzknky `d nmpmbkimùe `d mete`kimùe } yd{tîky' kpde`mde`h gk mnqhzpkeimk `d gk jmh`mvdzym`k` de knjmdepdy ihypdzhy &dyptkzmhy' zmjdzky } ftnd`kgdy-% @dykzzhggkz mevdypmbkimhedy qkzk ihepzhgkz gk dqkeymùe `d ghy dodiphy `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h% Ndlhzkz gk ihnqzdeymùe `dg mnqkiph diheùnmih zdbmhekg `d gk kitmitgptzk% Ndlhzkz ghy ymypdnky `d `zdekld de hjzky vmkgdy {td mepdzidqpke iktidy } ymypdnky fî`zmihy ihnh ghy ftnd`kgdy%
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KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H Ndlhzkz dg ihehimnmdeph `d ghy ymypdnky fî`zmihy &ftnd`kgdy' dnjkgydy' } itdzqhy `d kbtk- ihe zdgkimùe k gk jmh`mvdzym`k` kitëpmik%
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KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H Iheym`dzkz gk pzkeyvdzykgm`k` `dg tyh `dg kbtk% Qzhnhvdz dg tyh nügpmqgd `dg kbtk' meigt}de`h k ghy ihzzd`hzdy jmhgùbmihy%
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4% Bdypmùe `d Dvdephy Dpzdnhy } dg Kbtk
KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H Qhgîpmik `d Dypk`h de ZF' {td ihe`t|ik k te hz`deknmdeph meypmptimhekg' ihe ikqkim`k` omekeimdzk } píiemik% Qzdqkzkz } kqzhjkz gk gdbmygkimùe yhjzd ZF% Dg nkedlh `d ZF qhz itdeiky fm`zhbzëomiky `djd meigtmz gk bdypmùe qkzk ihepmebdeimk } bdypmùe `d dvdephy dpzdnhy ihnh gky yd{tîky } gky mete`kimhedy% Ymypdnk `d meohznkimùe temomik`k k emvdg `d meypmptimhedy `dg qkîy } gk itdeik' idepzh qzhqtdyph de dg ihzk|ùe `d gk itdeik &Kyteimùe-% Mnqgdndepkz qk`zhedy ihnqkzkjgdy depzd ghy qkîydy de gky Zd`dy `d Hjydzvkimùe Fm`zhigmnëpmik `d gk itdeik%
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ND@MKEH QGK\H @dpdznmekimùe `d emvdgdy `d kgdzpk de ikgm`k` `d kbtk temomik`hy qkzk gk itdeik% M`depmomikimùe } `dpdznmekimùe `d qtephy izîpmihy `d ihepzhg k emvdg qkîy } itdeik% Mnqgdndepkz zd`dy Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky de ytjitdeiky &pzmjtpkzmhy-% @dykzzhggkz qzhbzknky `d nmpmbkimùe `d mete`kimùe } yd{tîk% @dykzzhggkz qgkedy `mzdiphzdy `d kbtky qgtvmkgdy de idepzhy tzjkehy% Dvkgtkz mnqkiphy `d gk vkzmkjmgm`k` } iknjmhy igmnëpmihy de ghy ydiphzdy< dedzbípmih' kbzîihgk } tzjkeh% M`depmomikz kiimhedy `d ihepmebdeimk% vmeitgk`k k ghy zditzyhy qdy{tdzhy% Dypkjgdidz dypt`mhy qhjgkimhekgdy `d ghy zditzyhy îipmihy de pzknhy `d zîhy pzkeyozhepdzm|hy' k ome `d dvmpkz yhjzd dqghpkimùe Mnqgdndepkz tek zd` nîemnk `d hjydzvkimùe fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmik qkzk nhemphzdh% @mvtgbkimùe zëqm`k `d meohznkimùe } qzh`tiphy fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmihy k emvdg meypmptimhekg } zdbmhekg% \hemomikimùe `d Ëzdky mete`kjgdy k emvdg `d itdeik% Mnqgdndepkimùe `d te ymypdnk `d meohznkimùe knjmdepkg de BMY qkzk ihepmebdeimk } dvdephy dpzdnhy% • • • • • •
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KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H Qgkedy `d ihepmebdeimk ihepzk qzhgmodzkimùe `d dyqdimdy dùpmiky } dyqdimdy mevkyhzky k emvdg `d gk itdeik% Qgkedy `d ihepmebdeimky qhz zmdybhy `d zhnqmnmdeph `d qzdyky% M`depmomikimùe } ihepkiph de gk itdeik `d meypmptimhedy vmeitgk`ky k ihepmebdeimk } dvdephy dpzdnhy% Izdkz te idepzh `d Meohznkimùe } Kgdzpk `d dvdephy dpzdnhy de gk itdeik' qzhqhedz ihnh idepzh dg ihzk|ùe `d gk itdeik &Kyteimùe-% Meidepmvkz gk mnqgdndepkimùe `d te idepzh `d mevdypmbkimùe `d phzndepky ydvdzky qkzk gk itdeik de Qkzkbtk}% M`depmomikz M`depmomikz gky itdeiky pzkeyozhepdzm|ky pzkeyozhepdzm|ky {td zd{tmdzde `d te pzkjklh ihhz`mek`h qkzk dg nkedlh mepdbzk`h `dg kbtk } ghy zditzyhy knjmdepkgdy kyhimk`hy% Kqh}kz gk izdkimùe `d ihnmpíy `d itdeiky pzkeyozhepdzm|ky% •
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_mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Dypd `hitndeph ohznk qkzpd `d gky kipmvm`k`dy qgkedk`ky qkzk `mydûkz gk vmymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy `d gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk &I`Q-' ihnh qkzpd `d gk kipmvm`k` ‗Iheypztiimùe `d tek _mymùe qkzk gk I`Q„ `dg Qzhbzknk Nkzih IMI ’ QGKPK% Dg Qkzkbtk}' ihe 01?%24: Cn:' yd meydzpk îepdbzkndepd de gk I`Q } kjkzik ;9': `d yt ytqdzomimd% Ghy zîhy Qkzkbtk} } Qkzkeë ihe yty pzmjtpkzmhy iheohznke dg ymypdnk fî`zmih `dg qkîy% Knjhy zîhy yhe pzkeyozhepdzm|hy ihe Jzkymg } Kzbdepmek% Hpzhy zîhy ndehzdy {td pknjmíe yhe pzkeyozhepdzm|hy yhe dg zîh Kqk' kg ehzpd' gînmpd ihe Jzkymg }' Qmgihnk}h' kg hdypd' gînmpd ihe Kzbdepmek } qkzpd `d gk itdeik pzmekimhekg {td meigt}d k Jhgmvmk% Dg ymypdnk Kitîodzh Btkzkeî pknjmíe iheypmpt}d tek itdeik bdhgùbmik pzkeyozhepdzm|k' dg itkg Qkzkbtk} ihnqkzpd ihe Jzkymg' Kzbdepmek } Tztbtk}% Dypk ihnqgdlk zd` fî`zmik `domed gk mnqhzpkeimk dypzkpíbmik {td iheypmpt}d qkzk dg `dykzzhggh `dg Qkzkbtk} gk bdypmùe mepdbzk`k `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy' nkzik`kndepd pzkeyozhepdzm|hy% Ghy qzmeimqkgdy kyqdiphy iheym`dzk`hy qkzk gk qgkemomikimùe } bdypmùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy yhe< gk `myqhemjmgm`k` `dg kbtk de gky `modzdepdy okidpky `dg imigh fm`zhgùbmih3 dg kjkypdimnmdeph qkzk iheytnh ftnkeh3 ghy tyhy kbzhqditkzmhy &meigtm`h dg zmdbh- d me`typzmkgdy3 dg tyh fm`zhdedzbípmih } dg tyh ihnh fm`zhvîky% Pknjmíe yd iheym`dzke ghy kyqdiphy knjmdepkgdy vmeitgk`hy kg kbtk ihnh gk ihepknmekimùe me`typzmkg' tzjkek } kbzîihgk yhjzd ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy meigt}de`h k gk dzhymùe } yd`mndepkimùe% K`dnëy yd fk _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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pdem`h de itdepk gk jmh`mvdzym`k` kitëpmik } zditzyhy qdy{tdzhy } ghy dihymypdnky kyhimk`hy ihnh ghy ftnd`kgdy ekptzkgdy } ghy dnjkgydy% De itkeph k ghy kyqdiphy meypmptimhekgdy } gdbkgdy yd kekgm|k dg nkzih vmbdepd m`depmomike`h k gky meypmptimhedy vmeitgk`ky kg kbtk ihe yty zhgdy } ihnqdpdeimky kiptkgdy% K{tî yd `dypkik dg zhg `d gk Ydizdpkzîk `dg Knjmdepd &YDKN- } yt @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Qzhpdiimùe } Iheydzvkimùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy : ihnh meypmptimùe kzpmitgk`hzk } ihhz`mek`hzk qkzk gk bdypmùe knjmdepkg } nkedlh `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy k dyikgk ekimhekg% Gk meohznkimùe fm`zhgùbmik eh yd fkggk ymypdnkpm|k`k de dg qkîy' de iheyditdeimk dg ihehimnmdeph kikjk`h `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy dy tek gmnmpkepd qkzk gk phnk `d `dimymhedy qkzk dg nkedlh `dg kbtk% Dg dyikyh nhemphzdh `dg kbtk ytqdzomimkg } ytjpdzzëedh pkeph de ikgm`k` ihnh de ikepm`k`' pknjmíe yd iheypmpt}d de tek gmnmpkepd qkzk gk bdypmùe domimdepd `dg kbtk% Ghy kyqdiphy kzzmjk ndeimhek`hy otdzhe kekgm|k`hy de pzdy okydy< &k- @mkbeùypmih de jkyd k meohznkimùe `myqhemjgd3 &j- Deitdypk `mzmbm`k k kiphzdy igkvdy meypmptimhekgdy } &i- @myitymùe `d &k- } &j- de te Pkggdz qüjgmih ihe 4; qkzpmimqkepdy it}hy zdytgpk`hy yd qzdydepke de dypd meohznd' dgkjhzk`h qhz te bztqh ntgpm`myimqgmekzmh% :%
NKZIH IHEPZKIPTKG
Gk dgkjhzkimùe `d gk `hitndepkimùe jkyd qkzk dg Pkggdz Ekimhekg } dg meohznd omekg qzdydepke`h ghy zdytgpk`hy `dg nmynh' otd deikzbk`h k gk hzbkem|kimùe Ote`kimùe qkzk dg @dykzzhggh `d gk Mebdemdzîk . OTE@KMEBD% :%;
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Kipmvm`k`dy
Pkg ihnh yd dypkjgdid de ghy Píznmehy `d Zdodzdeimk dgkjhzk`hy qhz Ikzghy D% Ptiim' iheytgphz qzmeimqkg de nkz|h `d :110' dg pzkjklh yd zdkgm|kzë ohikgm|ke`h dg zdgdvknmdeph `d `kphy' dg `mkbeùypmih `d gk ymptkimùe } gk `myitymùe yhjzd gky ymbtmdepdy ëzdky pdnëpmiky< • •
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Tyh kiptkg } qhpdeimkg `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy d mnqkiphy yhjzd dg tyh `dg kbtk% Tyh `d gk pmdzzk } keëgmymy `d gk qzh`tiimùe kbzîihgk' `dbzk`kimùe `d ytdghy } dihymypdnky pdzzdypzdy% Fm`zhvîky' pzkeyqhzpd `d yd`mndephy } Dedzbîk% Jmh`mvdzym`k` fî`zmik' qdyik } kitmitgptzk% Nkedlh `d qgkedy `d bdypmùe `d dvdephy izîpmihy zdgkimhek`hy ihe ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy%
Yd `dykzzhggkzhe gky ymbtmdepdy kipmvm`k`dy< :
Depm`k` Depm`k` Ihhz`mek`hzk Píiemik `dg Qzhbzknk Nkzih `d gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk de Qkzkbtk}
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Kymypdeimk } zdihqmgkimùe de dg zdgdvknmdeph `d `kphy zdkgm|k`h qhz ghy bztqhy `d pzkjklh pdnëpmihy' k pzkvíy `dg kiidyh `mzdiph k gky jkydy `d `kphy d meohzndy hjzkepdy de meypmptimhedy qüjgmiky' `d deydûke|k' qzmvk`ky } itkg{tmdz hpzk zdgkimhek`k k ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Ymypdnkpm|kimùe `d `kphy' `d pkg ohznk {td qtd`ke ihepzmjtmz k gk jkyd `d `kphy `d gk @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Qzhpdiimùe } Iheydzvkimùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy &@BIQZF- `d gk YDKN% Qzdqkzkimùe ihe dg kqh}h `d ghy bztqhy `d pzkjklh pdnëpmihy `d te `hitndeph jkyd `d _mymùe Ekimhekg ‗Qkzkbtk}„ qkzk dg pkggdz ekimhekg' {td ihepdebk dg `mkbeùypmih `d gk ymptkimùe } qzmeimqkgdy gîedky `d kiimùe dypzkpíbmik% @mydûh `dg pkggdz lteph ihe dg nh`dzk`hz } ihe gk @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy% Hzbkem|kimùe `dg Pkggdz Ekimhekg% Meihzqhzkimùe `d ghy zdytgpk`hy `dg pkggdz de gk _mymùe Ekimhekg Qkzkbtk}% Dgkjhzkimùe `dg `hitndeph omekg% Kymypdeimk de gk qzdydepkimùe `dg meohznd ekimhekg de dg pkggdz mepdzekimhekg% Qzh`tiph
Meohznd Omekg ihepdemde`h gk _mymùe Ekimhekg `d Qkzkbtk} ydbüe ghy gmedknmdephy `domem`hy qhz dg Qzho% Ikzghy Ptiim% Dg `hitndeph' kqzhjk`h qzdvmkndepd qhz dg ihhz`mek`hz píiemih `d Qkzkbtk} `djd depzdbkzyd kg @mzdiphz `dg Qzh}diph kepdy `dg 4 `d ltgmh `d :110% 9%
NKZIH IHEIDQPTKG
Nkzih Iheidqptkg< Gky jkydy iheidqptkgdy yd ote`kndepke de ghy hjldpmvhy `d gk ihnqhedepd 9 `dg `hitndeph qzdqkzkphzmh `d gk okyd J `dg qzh}diph } gky ndpky `d kgikeidy mepdzekimhekgdy `dg Nmggdemtn &:119-9 } ghy ndikemynhy kqzhjk`hy qhz gk Kbde`k :; &;==:- `d gky Ekimhedy Tem`ky% Yd jtyik dy mnqgdndepkz ghy qzmeimqmhy zdodzm`hy de kiimhedy {td yd k`kqpde' depzd hpzhy' k gky ymbtmdepdy zdkgm`k`dy ghikgdy< • •
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Ktydeimk `d tek qhgîpmik ekimhekg de zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Jklk kqgmikimùe `dg iheidqph `d itdeik ihnh tem`k` `d bdypmùe `dg kbtk } dg knjmdepd% Jklk kzpmitgkimùe `d ghy ymypdnky `d meohznkimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy Tek `mndeymùe dyqkimkg } pdnqhzkg `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy' de zdgkimùe ihe gk vkzmkjmgm`k` } dg iknjmh igmnëpmih' de qkzpmitgkz de gk `myqhemjmgm`k` fî`zmik `d gky `mvdzyky zdbmhedy {td kipük ihnh jkyd `d gk qgkemomikimùe `d gk meozkdypztiptzk } gk iheydzvkimùe knjmdepkg%
Qkzk dg `dykzzhggh `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy de dg Qkzkbtk} ihnh qkzpd mepdbzkg `d gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk' yhe qzhqtdyphy ghy ymbtmdepdy qzmeimqmhy ote`kndepkgdy0<
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Dzzk`mikz gk qhjzd|k dpzdnk } dg fknjzd3 Zd`timz k gk nmpk` dg eündzh `d qdzyheky {td ikzdide `d kiidyh kg kbtk qhpkjgd depzd hpzhy &rrr%te`q%hzb%q} & rrr%te`q%hzb%q}-0 Jkyk`h de dg `hitndeph ‗Jkydy Iheidqptkgdy qkz gk _mymùe„ `dg Ihhz`mek`hz Ihhz`mek`hz Píiemih IMI QGKPK _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Gk ihhqdzkimùe ' pkeph de dyikgky ghikgdy } pzkeyozhepdzm|hy de ghy ënjmphy hqdzkpmvhy ihnh `d imdeimk } pdiehghbîk' `he`d ghy jdedomimhy ntpthy depzd qkîydy qtd`ke ydz iheym`dzk`hy% Gk pzkeyodzdeimk `d dqdzmdeimky } ihehimnmdephy qkzk gk kqgmikimùe `d gk Bdypmùe Mepdbzk`k `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy . BMZF % Gk bdedzkimùe `d meohznkimùe fm`zhgùbmik } knjmdepkg {td qdznmpk kekgm|kz gky itdeiky `dy`d ghy qzmeimqmhy `d gk BMZF%
NDPH@HGHBÎK TPMGM\K@K DE DG QZHIDYH ] PKGGDZ @D GK _MYMÙE EKIMHEKG
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QKZPD MM @MKBEHYPMIH 4%
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4%:
Ikzkipdzîypmiky Oîymiky
4%:%; Bdhghbîk Dg Qkzkbtk} dypk `depzh `d `hy itdeiky bdhgùbmiky `mypmepky' gk zdbmùe hiim`depkg h Ifkih qdzpdedid k gk bzke itdeik `dg Ifkih Yt`kndzmikeh } gk Hzmdepkg ihzzdyqhe`d k gk itdeik `dg Qkzkeë% Dypky `hy itdeiky yd`mndepkzmky yhe `modzdepdy `djm`h k yt dypztiptzk bdeípmik' iheohznkimùe pdipùemik } nkbnëpmik% Dypk `modzdeimk ihe`mimhek k gky ikzkipdzîypmiky bdedzkgdy `d ghy zditzyhy } gk ikgm`k` `dg kbtk `dg ytjytdgh% 4%:%: Ytdgh Ghy ytdghy `dg qkîy' qhz yty hzîbdedy bdhgùbmihy' dypëe jmde ikzkipdzm|k`hy% Ik`k tek `d gky `hy zdbmhedy de gk {td yd yd gd `mvm`d ekptzkgndepd< ekptzkgndepd< gk hzmdepkg } hiim`depkg' hiim`depkg' qhydde ytdghy {td zdogdlke dyky `modzdeimky% Qkzk yt qzdydepkimùe' yd ghy `dyizmjd de ohznk ydqkzk`k%
4
Itdeik `dg Zmh `d gk Qgkpk< Dypt`mh qkzk yt Qgkemomikimhe } @dykzzhggh' Mevdepkzmh `d @kphy Fm`zhghbmihy } Igmnkphghbmihy' Ydizdpkzmk
Bdedzkg `d gk Hzbkem|kimhe `d ghy Dypk`hy Kndzmikehy' Rkyfmebphe' Rkyfmebphe' @I< ;=?=' :2: qq% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg Ohznk qkzpd `d gk itdeik bdhgùbmik yd`mndepkzmk `dg Qkzkeë' gk {td fk `k`h hzmbde k ytdghy ihe jtdeky qzhqmd`k`dy oîymih.{tînmiky' oîym ih.{tînmiky' nmedzkgùbmiky } jmhgùbmiky' jmhgùbmik y' qzh`tiphy qzh`tiph y `d gk mepdzkiimùe `d nkpdzmkgdy bdhgùbmihy zdgkpmvkndepd kepmbthy ihe ghy okiphzdy `dg igmnk' gk vdbdpkimùe } hpzhy hzbkemynhy vmvhy' } {td fke kiptk`h yhjzd te zdgmdvd de te qdzîh`h `d pmdnqh `dpdznmek`h% Dg nkpdzmkg nkpdzmkg qkzdepkg qkzdepkg } gky bdhohznky `d gk zdbmùe fke `k`h hzmbde hzmbde k ytdghy qzhote`hy } jmde `dykzzhggk`hy% Ghy Kgomyhgdy' Tgpmyhgdy } Hmyhgdy yd `dykzzhggkzhe de gky ghnk`ky' bdhohznk qzd`hnmekepd de dg qkmykld `d gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg% Hzmdepkg% Yhe ytdghy yd`depkzmhy' ohznk`hy `d zhiky jkyëgpmiky } kzdemyiky' dypky ügpmnky `d `modzdepdy ohznkimhedy bdhgùbmiky% De ihe`mimhedy ekpmvky' gk vdbdpkimùe qzd`hnmekepd de dyphy ytdghy dy `d jhy{td kgph fünd`h ytj%.pzhqmikg' ydnmik`timohgmh' `dehnmek`h kiptkgndepd Jhy{td `dg Kgph Qkzkeë &ytypmpt}íe`hgd k gk kepdzmhz `dehnmekimùe `d Jhy{td Kpgëepmih Mepdzmhz-% Pknjmíe yd deitdepzke ytdghy igkymomik`hy ihnh Depmyhgdy' de yt nk}hzîk ohznk`ky `d zhiky bzkeîpmiky h kzdemyiky' ihe vdbdpkimùe qzd`hnmekepd `d bzknîedky ekpmvky d mygky `d jhy{tdy% De ghy vkggdy } qgkemimdy qzd`hnmeke ghy ytdghy `d hzmbde kgtvmkg' ymde`h nëy lùvdedy de d`k` bdhgùbmik &itkpdzekzmh-% Qdzpdedide pknjmíe kg hz`de `d ghy Kgomyhgdy } Tgpmyhgdy' ihe te zíbmnde `d ftnd`k` kitîih% Ghy ytdghy `d dypk zdbmùe otdzhe dypt`mk`hy k emvdg `d zdihehimnmdeph' tpmgm|ke`h dg Ymypdnk `d Igkymomikimùe Igkymomikimùe `d gk Pkhehnîk `d Ytdghy `dg @dqkzpkndeph `d Kbzmitgptzk `d ghy Dypk`hy Tem`hy `d Knízmik &Igkvdy qkzk gk Pkhehnîk `d Ytdghy' kûh ;==:-% Kymnmynh' de jkyd k gk meohznkimùe bdedzk`k qhz dypd nkqk } ihe gk qzdqkzkimùe `d te nkqk `d qde`mdepd `d ph`k gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg' yd dgkjhzù te nkqk `d Ikqkim`k` `d Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk &Jkyk`h de dg Nketkg E± :;1' @dqkzpkndeph `d Kbzmitgptzk `d ghy Dypk`hy Tem`hy `d Knízmik-' ihe qkzëndpzhy k`kqpk`hy k gky ihe`mimhedy bdedzkgdy `d gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg% Gky mnëbdedy `d ykpígmpd tpmgm|k`ky de dypd dypt`mh `d ytdgh ymzvmdzhe k`dnëy qkzk qzdqkzkz te Nkqk `d Tyh Kiptkg `d gk Pmdzzk% Omekgndepd' ihe gk meohznkimùe bdedzk`k qhz dyphy nkqky' yd dgkjhzù te nkqk `d Hz`deknmdeph Pdzzmphzmkg% Dypd ihelteph `d nkqky otdzhe qtjgmik`hy k dyikgk ;<411%111 de dg kûh ;==4' qhz dg Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk } dg Jkeih Nte`mkg% Dg dypt`mh otd omekeimk`h qhz tek `hekimùe `dg Bhjmdzeh `dg Lkqùe } dlditpk`h `depzh `dg nkzih `dg Qzh}diph `d Zkimhekgm|kimùe `dg Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk `dg Nmemypdzmh `d Fkimde`k &Ydzvmimh Ekimhekg `d Ikpkypzh-' qhz dg Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk } dg Jkeih Nte`mkg% Dypd dypt`mh otd dg qzmndz dyotdz|h `d igkymomikimùe igkymomikimùe `d ghy ytdghy `d ph`k gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg jklh te nmynh ymypdnk' }k {td ghy dypt`mhy kepdzmhzdy k dypk odifk fkjîke ym`h zdkgm|k`hy de ëzdky nëy qd{tdûky' tpmgm|ke`h dyikgky } ymypdnky `modzdepdy `d igkymomikimùe } {td kte{td itnqgmdzhe ihe ghy hjldpmvhy qzhqtdyphy' gky meohznkimhedy `d ytdgh de dgghy ihepdem`ky' eh otdzhe ytomimdepdy qkzk tek qgkemomikimùe k emvdg `d zdbmùe hzmdepkg% Nkqk `d Ikqkim`k` `d Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk Hpzh `d ghy nkqky dgkjhzk`h qhz dg NKB(JN &;==4- otd gk `d Ikqkim`k` `d Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk% Gk igkymomikimùe qhz ikqkim`k` `d tyh `d gky pmdzzky ikpdbhzm|k gky pmdzzky de hifh Igkydy' tpmgm|ëe`hyd ghy eündzhy zhnkehy `d M kg _MMM qkzk `dymbekz gky gmnmpkimhedy izdimdepdy `d tyh' k nd`m`k {td yd ktndepk dg vkghz `dg eündzh% Dg nkqk dgkjhzk`h qhz dg qzh}diph igkymomiù gky pmdzzky k emvdg `d Ytjigkyd `d Ikqkim`k` `d Tyh% Gky ytjigkydy `d Ikqkim`k` `d Tyh' yhe bztqhy `d pmdzzky `depzh `d tek nmynk Igkyd ihe gmnmpkimhedy ymnmgkzdy% Yd gdy `dymbeke ihe dg kbzdbk`h `d tek h `hy gdpzky' ihnh ytjomlh' kg etndzkg zhnkeh {td me`mik gk Igkyd% Kyî' Dg ytjomlh D' `dymbek gmnmpkimùe qhz zmdybh `d dzhymùe fî`zmik `djm`h k gk qde`mdepd `dg pdzzdeh3 dg ytjomlh R me`mik {td dg kbtk `depzh h yhjzd dg ytdgh mepdzomdzd dg izdimnmdeph `d gk nk}hzîk `d gky qgkepky itgpmvk`ky3 dg ytjomlh Y me`mik {td gky gmnmpkimhedy qzmeimqkgdy qzhvmdede `dg nmynh ytdgh% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Dg vkghz `d dypd nkqk dy gk `dpdznmekimùe `d gky ëzdky bdhbzëomiky {td qtd`de ydz `dypmek`ky qkzk tyh kbzîihgk' qditkzmh' ohzdypkg } `d zdydzvk h qzhpdiimùe% K`dnëy `d `kz gk ytqdzomimd {td qtd`de ydz `dypmek`ky k dypky kipmvm`k`dy% De jkyd k dypk meohznkimùe' dg qzh}diph pknjmíe dgkjhzù te nkqk `d Hz`deknmdeph Pdzzmphzmkg `d gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg' {td pmded te ikzëipdz qzdgmnmekz' }k {td okgpkzîk kbzdbkz hpzhy qkzëndpzhy' ihnh vdbdpkimùe' tyh kiptkg' okiphzdy igmnëpmihy igmnëpmihy'' yhimh.diheùnmihy } hpzhy% Dypt`mhy Ydnm.`dpkggk`hy `d ytdgh Dypt`mhy `d ytdgh' ihe nk}hz `dpkggd' ihnh ghy gdvkepknmdephy `d ytdgh k emvdg `d ydnm. `dpkggd' yd ggdvkzhe k ikjh `depzh `dg Qzh}diph `d Zkimhekgm|kimùe `dg Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk' `dg NKB(JN de ghy ymbtmdepdy `mypzmphy< Ekpkgmh' ]kp}pk} &@qph% Mpkqük-' Ghy Id`zkgdy &Kgph Qkzkeë-' Ikkbtk|ü &@qph% Ikkbtk|ü-' Ikk|kqë &@qph% Ikk|kqë-' N% Pzhifd } E% Pkgkvdzk &@qph% Btkmzë-% Dypd dypt`mh otd qtjgmik`h qkzimkgndepd qhz dg NKB(Jkeih Nte`mkg de dg kûh :111% Hpzhy dypt`mhy `d ytdgh k dypd emvdg otdzhe ghy zdkgm|k`hy de ymdpd nmizh itdeiky `dg Qzh}diph Kgph Qkzkeë d Mpkqük Mpkqük Ehzpd' `dg NKB(JN% NKB(JN% Pknjmíe yd zdkgm|kzhe dypt`mhy `d ytdgh qkzk dgkjhzkz nkqky `d ikqkim`k` `d tyh `d gk pmdzzk de gky Tem`k`dy Píiemiky `d Mepdzvdeimùe `dg QZH@DYKG &Qzhbzknk `d @dykzzhggh Kgbh`hedzh- `dg NKB% Kiptkgndepd eh yd zdkgm|ke dypt`mhy `d ytdgh k emvdg `d ydnm`dpkggd de gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg% Ghy üemihy dypt`mhy {td yd ggdvke k ikjh zdbtgkzndepd yhe ghy dmbm`hy de ghy Qgkedy `d Tyh `d gk gk Pmdzzk qhz dg Ydzvmimh Ydzvmimh Ohzdypkg Ekimhekg' kte{td ikzdide `d gk zmbtzhym`k` `d gky ehznkpmvky `d ghy ymypdnky mepdzekimhekgdy `d igkymomikimùe &OKH h `dg @dqkzpkndeph `d Kbzmitgptzk `d ghy Dypk`hy Tem`hy `d Knízmik-% Ytdghy `d gk Zdbmùe Hiim`depkg Ghy ytdghy `d dypk dpdeyk qgkemimd yhe hzmbmek`hy hzmbmek`h y ikym de yt phpkgm`k` qhz nkpdzmkg qkzdepkg pzkeyqhzpk`h' qzmeimqkgndepd qhz dg kbtk } qhz dg vmdeph% De nt} qhihy ympmhy yd deitdepzke ytdghy yd`depkzmhy% De dg ifkih ytjfünd`h' pknjmíe ihehim`h ihnh Jklh Ifkih' dg `zdekld dy gdeph qhz gk dyikyk qde`mdepd `dg pdzzdeh } kbzkvk`k küe nëy qhz gk qdzndkjmgm`k` nt} gdepk `dg ytdgh% Dg ytdgh nëy ihnüe dy dg Yhghedp| } dg zíbmnde fî`zmih dy kitîih% De dg Ifkih idepzkg' gk kgptzk `dg pdzzdeh `d gk qgkemimd qdznmpd dg `dykzzhggh `d ytdghy ndlhz `zdek`hy } ihe nk}hz qzhote`m`k`% Yd deitdepzke ghy Gtvmyhgdy } Iknjmyhgdy' } k gh gkzbh `d ghy qkgdhiktidy' ghy Zdbhyhgdy% ]k idzik `d gk ozhepdzk ihe Jhgmvmk de `mzdiimùe k gk ztpk pzkeyifkih' yd qzdydepke ghy Kzdehyhpdy% Dg Qzh}diph `d @dykzzhggh Zdbmhekg Mepdbzk`h `dg Ifkih Qkzkbtk}h &Bhjmdzeh Ekimhekg ( HDK' ;=64- qtjgmiù dg qzmndz nkqk `d ytdgh k emvdg dqghzkphzmh `d ph`h dg ifkih qkzkbtk}h } {td qhz ntifh pmdnqh ymzvmù `d jkyd qkzk ghy qzh}diphy kbzhqditkzmhy zdkgm|k`hy de dypk zdbmùe% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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De dg kûh ;===' dg Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk } gk JBZ JBZ `d Kgdnkemk qtjgmikzhe dg nkqk `d ytdgh k emvdg `d zdihehimnmdeph zdihehimnmdeph `dg ifkih qkzkbtk}h' iheltepkndepd ihe te nkqk `d vdbdpkimù vdbdpkimùee } te nkqk bdhgùbmih' k dyikgk ;< 411%111% Dg nkqk `d ytdgh iheypmpt}d kyî gk qzmndzk qtjgmikimùe k emvdg `d zdihehimnmdeph bdedzkg `d ph`k gk zdbmùe ifk{tdûk% Yd m`depmomikzhe ;9 Bztqhy Nk}hzdy `d Ytdgh } 0; Tem`k`dy `d Ytdgh' `mypzmjtm`ky de yt nk}hz qkzpd de kyhimkimhedy `d ytdghy de gky tem`k`dy ikzphbzëomiky% Dg bzke eündzh `d qdzomgdy `d ytdgh `dyizmph de dg Meohznd qdznmpd pdedz tek bzke jkyd `d `kphy `d ph`k gk zdbmùe ifk{tdûk' gh {td zdytgpk ytnkndepd mnqhzpkepd iheym`dzke`h gk `moîimg kiidymjmgm`k` de gk nk}hz qkzpd `d dypd pdzzmphzmh% Ghy üemihy `kphy bdedzk`hy `dyqtíy `d dypd dypt`mh yhe ghy `d ghy Qgkedy `d Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk' kte{td ihnh yd ndeimheù nky kzzmjk' ikzdide `d gk zmbtzhym`k` dmbm`k qhz gky ehznkpmvky `d gk igkymomikimùe pkheùnmik `d ytdghy% 4%:%9 Igmnk Dg igmnk `dg Qkzkbtk} dqdzmndepk tek knqgmk vkzmkjmgm`k` dyqkimkg' ymde`h `d igmnk ydnmëzm`h kg hdypd' de gk ozhepdzk ihe Jhgmvmk' `he`d gk dvkqhzkimùe did`d k gk qzdimqmpkimùe qzhvhike`h `íomimp fî`zmih qzëipmiknd qzëipmikndepd epd `tzkepd ph`h dg kûh' phzeëe`hyd fünd`h kg hzmdepd' ihe nëmnhy `d ggtvmk } didyhy fî`zmihy de ghy `dqkzpkndephy `d Mpkqük } Kgph Qkzkeë% Ghy vhgündedy `d qzdimqmpkimùe ketkg vkzîke `d ;2?1 nn de zdbmhedy `d ghy `dqkzpkndephy `d Kgph Qkzkeë' Ikeme`d}ü d Mpkqük' k vkghzdy meodzmhzdy k 411 nn de dg hdypd `dg Ifkih% Dg imigh ketkg `d gk ggtvmk dy ymnmgkz de ph`h dg qkîy' ihe nëmnhy `tzkepd ghy ndydy dypmvkgdy &ehvmdnjzd.`mimdnjzd.dedzh.odjzdzh- } nîemnhy de ghy mevdzekgdy <emh.ltgmh.kbhyph-% De gk |hek nëy ggtvmhyk } de bdedzkg ph`k gk zdbmùe Hzmdepkg `dg qkîy' ghy vkghzdy nëmnhy hitzzde `tzkepd ghy ndydy `d pzkeymimùe depzd gk qzmnkvdzk ’ vdzkeh } vdzkeh ’ hphûh' h ydk `tzkepd ghy ndydy `d hiptjzd } ehvmdnjzd } nkz|h } kjzmg% Gk pdnqdzkptzk nd`mk ketkg `dg qkîy dy dgdvk`k' depzd :1 } :0 ±I' ihe te bzk`mdepd hdypd ’ dypd' ihepzkzmh kg ihnqhzpknmdeph `d gk qzdimqmpkimùe% Gk pdnqdzkptzk nëmnk nd`mk ketkg vkzîk depzd :? ±I de dg ytz `d gk zdbmùe Hzmdepkg } 9; ±I kg hdypd `dg Ifkih' nmdepzky {td gk nîemnk nd`mk ketkg vkzîk depzd ;4 } ;6 ±I' de gk nmynk zdbmùe% Ghy dpzdnhy `d pdnqdzkptzk zdbmypzk`hy hitzzmdzhe kg hdypd `dg Ifkih' dyqdiîomikndepd de gk ghikgm`k` `dehnmek`k Qzkpy Bmgg' `he`d gky pdnqdzkptzky nëmnky kgike|kzhe ghy 00 ±I ±I k gk yhnjzk } gk nîemnk ggdbù k .2 ±I' ±I' de dg mevmdzeh mevmdze h `dg kûh :111% 4%:%0 Qzmeimqkgdy Dihymypdnky Jdzphem &;=12-' `dyizmjd qkzk dg Qkzkbtk} gky ymbtmdepdy ohznkimhedy vdbdpkgdy Ifkqk`deyd' Ifk{tdûk' Btkzkeîpmik' Ndyhqhpënmik' nmdepzky {td Ifh`kp `dehnmek k gky zdbmhedy omphbdhbzëomiky ihnh ihn h Iknqhy' Iknqhy idzzk`hy' Ydgvky' Ydgvky zmjdzdûky } Ifkih Qkzkbtk}h % De ;=04' Zhlky } Ikzkjmk qtjgmikzhe te nkqk `d vdbdpkimùe ihe gky ymbtmdepdy `dehnmekimhedy< vdbdpkimùe `dg Ifkih' } Ykjkeky' _dbdpkimùe fkghompmik' Jhy{tdy pzhqmikgdy' pzhqmikgd y' Jhy{tdy ytj.pzhqmikgdy' ytj.pzhqmikgd y' _dbdpkimùe dzhoîpmik' } gkbteky &Ikjzdzk ;=29-% De gk nmynk yd `dyizmjd `dyizmjd gk vdbdpkimùe vdbdpkimùe `d Qkzkbtk} Qkzkbtk} ihnh Qzhvmeimk Ifk{tdûk' Qzhvmeimk `d ghy iknqhy idzzk`hy } Qzhvmeimk Qkzkekdeyd% Qkzkekdeyd% Dmypde hpzky igkymomikimhedy } dypt`mhy `d gk ohznkimhedy vdbdpkgdy' vdbdpkgdy' vdz @dy@dgIfkih @dy@dgIfkih dp% Kg% &:111-3 Ftdic &;=26-3 Jzkic } Rdmc &;==9-% Gk YDKN(I@I &:119- fkid zdodzdeimk k {td gk dih zdbmùe Ifkih qkzkbtk}h dy `dehnmek`h qhz @medzypdme @medzypdme dp% kg% &;==4- ihnh ihnh Ifkih Ykjkek ' gk itkg yd `mypzmjt}d de gk Kzbdepmek' dg Qkzkbtk}' Jhgmvmk } Jzkymg' dy iheym`dzk`h te dihymypdnk vtgedzkjgd } zdbmhekgndepd yhjzdykgmdepd } `d kgpk qzmhzm`k` qzmhzm`k` `dy`d dg qteph `d vmypk `d yt yt iheydzvkimùe% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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NKZIH MEYPMPTIMHEKG ] GDBKG
Yd m`depmomike `mvdzyhy hz`deknmdephy ltzî`mihy zdgkimhek`hy k ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy ihe qhik domimdeimk } `djmgm`k` qkzk gk kqgmikimùe `d ghy nmynhy' ihe ytqdzqhymimhedy } `dgmnmpkimùe `íjmg `d ihnqdpdeimky } kpzmjtimhedy% De iheyditdeimk ghy zhgdy meypmptimhekgdy eh dypëe igkzkndepd `domem`hy% Te dldnqgh `d dggh dy dg ihepzhg `d vdzpm`hy k iktidy fî`zmihy% De gk kiptkgm`k` eh dmypd te domimdepd ihepzhg } omyikgm|kimùe `djm`h k gky gmnmpkimhedy qzdytqtdypkzmky de gk ktphzm`k` `d kqgmikimùe &YDKN-% _kzmky meypmptimhedy qüjgmiky itdepke ihe gkjhzkphzmhy qkzk dg nhemphzdh' qdzh `mifk kipmvm`k` eh dypë fh} ihhz`mek`k% Gk ytqdzqhymimùe `d meypztndephy ltzî`mihy ltzî`mihy ihnh gky ehznky' zdbgkndephy } `dizdphy ihe ihe kpzmjtimhedy ymnmgkzdy k `mvdzyky ktphzm`k`dy `d kqgmikimùe' ihe okitgpk`dy `d `mipkz zdyhgtimhedy h zdbgkndephy' pknjmíe hikymhek meihevdemdepdy de dg hz`de gdbkg' ihnh de dg ikyh zdkg de `he`d gk YDKN `mipk gk Zdyhgtimùe :::(1: ‗qhz gk itkg yd dypkjgdide qk`zhedy qkzk gk qzhpdiimùe `d gky kbtky de iktidy fî`zmihy„ ' ihepzkqhemíe`hyd k' Zdyhgtimùe 464(=? `mipk`k qhz dg Nmemypdzmh `d Ykgt` ihe dg nmynh ome% Zdyqdiph k gk `hnmemkgm`k` `dg kbtk' gk Iheypmptimùe Ekimhekg' iheym`dzk {td ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy yhe `dg `hnmemh `d Dypk`h' yme dnjkzbh' dg Iù`mbh Imvmg } hpzhy meypztndephy dypkjgdide gk qzhqmd`k` qzmvk`k `d ghy qzhqmdpkzmhy `d mentdjgdy yhjzd ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy ytjpdzzëedhy% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Qhz hpzh gk`h' gk iheidymùe `d kbtky de dg Qkzkbtk} IKD JKLH GK LTZMY@MIIMÙE @DG DEPD ZDBTGK@HZ @D YDZ_MIMHY YKEMPKZMHY @DG QKZKBTK] &DZYYKE- QKZK DG IKYH @D KBTK QHPKJGD ] KGIKEPKZMGGK@H ] GK YDIZDPKZÎK @DG KNJMDEPD QKZK DG TYH KBZÎIHGK &ZMDBH- DZZYKE%' DE DYPD IKYH' GK YDKN MNQGDNDEPH GK Zdyhgtimùe 449(19' QKZK ikpkypzkz k ghy tytkzmhy `dg kbtk k emvdg Ekimhekg `d tek nkedzk nëy hz`dek`k% YME DNJKZBH' GHY HPZHY TYHY' EH ITDEPKE IHE TE DEPD ZDBTGK@HZ% Ph`h dggh' ykik k zdgtimz {td depzd gky meypmptimhedy' eh dmypde ndikemynhy dodipmvhy `d ihhz`mekimùe' {td gdy qdznmpke qzhpdbdz ghy zditzyhy ihe dodipmvm`k`' } yd phnke `dimymhedy mnqhymjgdy `d ydz ggdvk`ky k gk qzëipmik% Fh}' dypk ymptkimùe' fkid {td eh dmypde gky bkzkepîky {td ihepdnqgk`ky de gk qzhqmk Iheypmptimùe Ekimhekg' zdodzdepd k gk ikgm`k` `d vm`k ùqpmnk' `d te knjmdepd ykgt`kjgd } dihgùbmikndepd d{tmgmjzk`h' de ihe`mimhedy `d mbtkg`k`% ?%;
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Meypmptimhedy ihnqdpdepdy `dg ydiphz kbtk
Ydizdpkzmk `dg Knjmdepd Pmded qhz hjldpmvh gk ohzntgkimùe' ihhz`mekimùe' dlditimùe } omyikgm|kimùe `d gk qhgîpmik knjmdepkg ekimhekg% Ihe zdgkimùe k ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy ihe gk gd} ;4?;(11 yd dypkjgdid gk dypztiptzk `d gk @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Qzhpdiimùe } Iheydzvkimùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy' ihnh gk nëmnk meypkeimk {td `djd `dgmedkz gk qhgîpmik ekimhekg `dg ydiphz fî`zmih de dg qkîy% De gh meypmptimhekg ' dg qkîy yd deitdepzk de teh `d ghy nhndephy nëy dypzkpíbmihy qkzk dg kjhz`kld `dg pdnk knjmdepkg% Gk izdkimùe `d gk YDKN nkziù te fmph yme qzdid`depdy } kjzmù etndzhyky hqhzptem`k`dy {td eh qtd`de ydz `dykqzhvdifk`ky% Yd fkid íeokymy de dg ohzpkgdimnmdeph `d gky meypmptimhedy ekimhekgdy } ghikgdy {td mepdzvmdede de dg itm`k`h } nkedlh `mzdiph `d ghy zditzyhy ekptzkgdy qzkipmike`h gk `dyidepzkgm|kimùe `d ghy pdnky knjmdepkgdy' k pzkvíy `d ghy Ntemimqmhy } gky Bhjdzekimhedy' ohzpkgdimde`h yty ikqkim`k`dy píiemiky píiemiky ihe gk pzkeyodzdeimk `d pdiehghbîk yhjzd ghy `modzdepdy pdnky qkzk gk qzhpdiimùe `d ghy zditzyhy ekptzkgdy } `d gk `mvdzym`k` jmhgùbmik' pkeph de gh {td yd zdomdzd k meozkdypztiptzk' ikqkimpkimùe `d yty zditzyhy ftnkehy } ndlhzknmdeph `d yt ikqkim`k` `d bdypmùe% Gk ikqkim`k` meypmptimhekg qkzk dg nkedlh knjmdepkg dypë pknjmíe knqgmkndepd ohzpkgdim`k de dg ydiphz eh btjdzekndepkg' gh {td qzhqhzimhek hqhzptem`k`dy ihe gky itkgdy eh yd ihepkjke kepdzmhzndepd% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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Nmemypdzmh `d Ykgt` Qüjgmik } Jmdedypkz Yhimkg ’ NYQJY @dykzzhggk vkzmhy qzhbzknky ykempkzmhy' meigt}de`h ydzvmimhy qüjgmihy bdedzkgdy' ykgt` qüjgmik' ykedknmdeph knjmdepkg' dzzk`mikimùe `d vdiphzdy' imdeimk } pdiehghbîk% Dy gk ktphzm`k` `dg Iù`mbh Ykempkzmh% @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Ykedknmdeph Knjmdepkg ’ YDEKYK Dy te hzbkemynh píiemih `dg Nmemypdzmh `d Ykgt` Qüjgmik } Jmdedypkz Yhimkg% Yty qzmeimqkgdy oteimhedy yhe< gk qgkemomikimùe' dlditimùe } ytqdzvmymùe `d gky kipmvm`k`dy `d ykedknmdeph knjmdepkg' zdgkimhek`ky ihe gk qzhvmymùe `d kbtk qhpkjgd' `myqhymimùe `d zdym`thy yùgm`hy } dizdpky' fmbmded } ydbtzm`k` hitqkimhekg' `dykb÷d de |heky ztzkgdy } de qhjgkimhedy {td pdebke te etndzh mbtkg h ndehz k ;1%111 fkjmpkepdy ydke dypky tzjkeky h ztzkgdy% Dnqzdyk `d Ydzvmimhy Ykempkzmhy `dg Qkzkbtk} ’ DYYKQ Dy tek yhimd`k` yhimd`k` keùemnk meypktzk`k k qkzpmz `d tek meypmptimùe dypkpkg% Pmded vkzmhy hjldpmvhy k ykjdz< . Gk qzhvmymùe `d ydzvmimhy `d kbtk qhpkjgd qkzk imt`k`dy ihe qhjgkimùe nk}hz k ;1%111 fkjmpkepdy' meigt}de`h gk ikqpkimùe } pzkpknmdeph `d kbtk izt`k' kgnkideknmdeph' pzkeyqhzpd' ihe`tiimùe' `mypzmjtimùe } ihndzimkgm|kimùe `d kbtk qhpkjgd% . Gk `myqhymimùe `d ghy zdym`thy `d pzkpknmdeph% . Gk qzhvmymùe `d ydzvmimhy `d kgikepkzmggk`h' meigt}de`h yt zdihgdiimùe } pzkpknmdeph% Depd Zdbtgk`hz `d Ydzvmimhy ykempkzmhy ykempkzmh y `dg Qkzkbtk} &DZYYKE&DZYYKEDy tek depm`k` ktpëz{tmik ihe qdzyhedzîk ltzî`mik' `dqde`mdepd `dg Qh`dz Dlditpmvh' dypkjgdid depzd yty okitgpk`dy } hjgmbkimhedy zdbtgkz gk qzdypkimùe `dg ydzvmimh' ytqdzvmykz dg emvdg `d ikgm`k` } `d domimdeimk `dg ydzvmimh' qzhpdbdz ghy mepdzdydy `d gk ihntem`k` } `d ghy tytkzmhy' ihepzhgkz } vdzmomikz gk ihzzdipk kqgmikimùe `d gky `myqhymimhedy vmbdepdy de gh {td ihzzdyqhe`k k yt ihnqdpdeimk% Dy gk ktphzm`k` `d kqgmikimùe `d gk Gd} ;?;4(11 `dg nkzih zdbtgkphzmh } pkzmokzmh `d ghy ydzvmimhy `d kbtk qhpkjgd } kgikepkzmggk`h% Nmemypdzmh `d Hjzky Qüjgmiky } Ihntemikimhedy &NHQI•
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@mzdiimùe `d Zditzyhy Nmedzkgdy' @dqkzpkndeph `d Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy% Idepzh Ntgpmtyh `d Nhemphzdh Knjmdepkg &INNKF-' {td itdepk ihe tek zd` `d nhemphzdh ktphnkpm|k`h' deikzbk`h `dg nkedlh } ihepzhg `d `kphy fm`zhgùbmihy% K`nmemypzkimùe Ekimhekg `d Ekvdbkimùe } Qtdzphy< `dqde`mdepd `dg Nmemypdzmh `d Hjzky Qüjgmiky' dypk deikzbk`k `dg nhemphzdknmdeph fm`zhgùbmih% Hqdzk gky zd`dy `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy ytqdzomimkgdy' } gk ekvdbkimùe ogtvmkg% K`nmemypzkimùe Ekimhekg `d Dgdipzmim`k` ’ KE@D< K`nmemypzk } hqdzk kqzhvdifknmdephy fm`zhdgíipzmihy ekimhekgdy% Pmded k yt ikzbh zd`dy `d nhemphzdh fm`zhgùbmih% @mzdiimùe @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk Ndpd hzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk< Fm`zhghbîk< @dqde`mdepd `d gk @MEKI' zdyqheykjgd k emvdg ekimhekg `dg nhemphzdh kpnhyoízmih } igmnëpmih% K`nmemypzk } hqdzk zd`dy ndpdhzhgùbmiky%
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Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk< itdepk ihe dg Qzhbzknk `d Kbzh ndpdhzhghbîk {td k`nmemypzk zd`dy `d hjydzvkimùe kpnhyoízmik ihe omedy kbzh ndpdhzhgùbmihy%
Ghy Ntemimqmhy< Yty oteimhedy yhe gky `d kqzhvmymheknmdeph `d kbtk } kgikepkzmggk`h ykempkzmh de ghy ikyhy de {td dyphy ydzvmimhy eh otdzde qzdypk`hy qhz hpzhy hzbkemynhy qüjgmihy' } dg dypkjgdimnmdeph `d te zíbmnde ghikg `d ydzvm`tnjzd } `d `dgmnmpkimùe `d zmjdzky `d zîhy' gkbhy } kzzh}hy' iheohznd k gh dypkjgdim`h de dg Iù`mbh Imvmg } k gk qzhqmk Gd} Hzbëemik Ntemimqkg E±;:=0(62% Gky Bhjdzekimhedy< Otdzhe izdk`ky ihe gk Iheypmptimùe Ekimhekg% Dypëe de qzhidyh `d hzbkem|kimùe meypmptimhekg ihe gk izdkimùe `d Ydizdpkzîky `d Nd`mh Knjmdepd% Kgbteky `d gky Bhjdzekimhedy ihhz`meke } kqh}ke diheùnmikndepd gk qdzohzkimùe `d qh|hy d meypkgkimùe `d ymypdnky `d kbtk qhpkjgd de ihnqkûîky h jkzzmhy% De De dg ydiphz `d `myqhymimùe `d dogtdepdy ihhz`meke ihe gky Meypmptimhedy zdyqheykjgdy `dg ihepzhg `d gk ihepknmekimùe knjmdepkg gky kiimhedy `d nhemphzdh } ihepzhg% @mzdiimùe `d Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy `d Jh{tdzùe< dy te hzbkemynh `dqde`mdepd `d gk Bhjdzekimùe `d Jh{tdzùe' de dg Ifkih Qkzkbtk}h' zdkgm|k pzkjklhy `d mevdypmbkimùe } qdzohzkimùe `d qh|hy qkzk kjkypdimnmdeph `d gk qhjgkimùe% HZBKEM\KIMHEDY @D BDYPMÙE @D ITDEIKY Yd qtd`d `dypkikz {td gky hzbkem|kimhedy dmypdepdy kg emvdg `d itdeiky } nmizhitdeiky yhe meimqmdepdy' yme dnjkzbh yd qtd`de ndeimhekz kgbteky ihnh ydz< •
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Itdeik Ekimhekg `dg Zîh Qmgihnk}h< [td iheohznk ihe gk Kzbdepmek' gk Ihnmymùe Jmekimhekg } ihe Jhgmvmk' gk Pzmekimhekg `dg Zîh Qmgihnk}h% Itdeiky `d ghy Kzzh}hy Zhz} } Zhz}.nm &Gk Ihgndek-< Yhe k`nmemypzk`ky k pzkvíy `d tek ktphzm`k` iheohznk`k qhz ghy tytkzmhy `d gk itdeik% Dypk nmynk ktphzm`k` k`nmemypzk `dy`d gky itdeiky kgpky' gky phnky `d kbtk' zdqzdyky' ikepm`k` } tyh pkeph `dg kbtk qhpkjgd ihnh `dg tyh qkzk zmdbh% Dypk hzbkem|kimùe &lkqhedyk ’ qkzkbtk}k- dy tek didqimùe' `k`h {td' ym jmde dypë zdgkimhek`k ihe gk ihntem`k` } dg bhjmdzeh ghikg' eh gh dypë ihe dg bhjmdzeh `dqkzpkndepkg' em `dg bhjmdzeh idepzkg% Yme dnjkzbh' dy tek ntdypzk zdkg' `d tek k`nmemypzkimùe domimdepd qkzk yt `dykzzhggh yhimh.diheùnmih% Hzbkem|kimùe `d qzh`tiphzdy `d kzzh| &Nmymhedy-< yhe hzbkem|kimhedy izdk`ky k ome `d kqzhvdifkz ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy qkzk gk mzzmbkimùe `d ztjzhy kbzîihgky ihe kgpk `dnke`k `d kbtk% Ltepky _dimekgdy `d Iheydzvkimùe `d Zditzyhy Ekptzkgdy< Yhe hzbkemynhy imvmgdy &ihe qdzyhedzîk ltzî`mik-' iheohznk`hy de dg Qzh}diph K`nmemypzkimùe `d Zditzyhy Ekptzkgdy `d gk \hek Kgph Qkzkeë.Mpkqük Ehzpd% Yd hzbkem|ke qhz nmizh itdeiky ihe gk mepdeimùe `d qgkemomikz iheltepkndepd gky qzëipmiky `d nkedlh } k`nmemypzkz ghy zditzyhy omekeimdzhy `dypmek`hy kg qzh}diph%
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Dg `hnmemh `d gky kbtky `djd ydz `d ekptzkgd|k qüjgmik%
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Bdypmùe `dg kbtk qhz itdeik fm`zhbzëomik ihnh tem`k` jëymik `d bdypmùe%
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Dy{tdnk zdbtgk`hz qkzk dg nkedlh `d zditzyhy ytjpdzzëedhy%
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Gky meypmptimhedy qgkepdke {td yd hzbkemid dg ydiphz `d nh`h k eh izdkz etdvky meypmptimhedy' ymeh ohzpkgdidz gky dmypdepdy ihe tek `domemimùe igkzk `d yty okitgpk`dy qkzk dg nkedlh mepdbzkg `d itdeiky' dgmnmeke`h gky ytqdzqhymimhedy% M`depmomike`h dg Depd Zdiphz' dg Depd Zdbtgk`hz' Meypmptimhedy hqdzk`hzky' tytkzmhy% Izdkz Ihnmymhedy `d Itdeiky } ytjitdeiky' qzdvdz d meigtmz homimeky zdbmhekgdy tytkzmky `dg kbtk% Qzdvdz ndikemynhy ndikemynh y {td qdznmpke qdznmpke qkzpmimqkimùe qzmvk`k de Mevdzymhedy%
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Gk `myqhemjmgm`k` `d kbtk `tgid dy teh `d ghy bzke`dy qzhjgdnky qzhjgdnky {td yd qgkepdke fh} de dg nte`h } de kgbtehy kyqdiphy dg qzmeimqkg' qhz {td gky `momitgpk`dy ihedky kodipke gk vm`k `d nmgghedy `d qdzyheky% @tzkepd ghy qzùmnhy 41 kûhy' ghy qzhjgdnky zdgkimhek`hy ihe gk okgpk `d kbtk kodipkzëe qzëipmikndepd k ph`hy ghy fkjmpkepdy `dg qgkedpk% Gk dvkgtkimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy iheypmpt}d gk jkyd qkzk tek dpdeyk bknk `d kipmvm`k`dy' ihnh ghy kjkypdimnmdephy `d kbtk k ghy fhbkzdy } gky me`typzmky' gk qzhpdiimùe `d gk ykgt` ftnkek' gk qzh`tiimùe `d gk dedzbîk dgíipzmik' gk mzzmbkimùe } dg `zdekld' gk nmpmbkimùe `d gky qíz`m`ky hikymhek`ky qhz gky mete`kimhedy } yd{tîky' gky nd`m`ky `d ydbtzm`k` kgmndepkzmk' gk ekvdbkimùe' dg ptzmynh } gk qzdydzvkimùe `dg dihymypdnk kitëpmih' de qkzpmitgkz ghy ftnd`kgdy% Nd`mz zdbtgkzndepd ghy qkzëndpzhy fm`zhgùbmihy {td ihepzhgke ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy dy edidykzmh qkzk `dpdznmekz `d itëepk kbtk yd `myqhed qkzk ghy `mvdzyhy tyhy `d iheytnh% Dyhy qkzëndpzhy meigt}de gk qzdimqmpkimùe' gk dvkqhzkimùe } dg ikt`kg ogtvmkg' kyî ihnh dg kbtk kgnkidek`k de dg ytdgh' ghy kitîodzhy' ghy dnjkgydy } ghy bgkimkzdy% Gk ikepm`k`' gk ikgm`k` } gky ikzkipdzîypmiky jmhgùbmiky `dg kbtk `djdzîke nd`mzyd ihe zdbtgkzm`k`% De dypd ihepdph' vkgd ydûkgkz {td gk qzmeimqkg omekgm`k` `d ph`hy ghy Ydzvmimhy Ndpdhzhgùbmihy d Fm`zhgùbmihy Ekimhekgdy dy ihepzmjtmz k ghy jdedomimhy diheùnmihy } yhimkgdy } kg jmdedypkz `d gky ihntem`k`dy% De Qkzkbtk}' gky ihnqdpdeimky de nkpdzmk fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmik gd ihzzdyqhe`d k gk @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk `d gk @mzdiimùe Ekimhekg `d Kdzheëtpmik Imvmg . @MEKI' {td dy gk qzmeimqkg meypmptimùe {td pzkjklk ymypdnëpmikndepd dyqdimkgndepd de dg ëzdk `d gk ndpdhzhghbîk } gk igmnkphghbîk% Dg qzmeimqkg hjldpmvh `d gk @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk dy gk qzdypkimùe `d k}t`k de gky kipmvm`k`dy `d qgkemomikimùe k gkzbh qgk|h } dg `dykzzhggh yhypdemjgd zdkgm|ke`h dg kihqmh' dg kzifmvh' gk mepdzqzdpkimùe } gk kqgmikimùe `d meohznkimùe igmnkphgùbmik d fm`zhgùbmik } hpzky meohznkimhedy ihedky% Yme dnjkzbh' dmypde nëy `d :1 meypmptimhedy vmeitgk`ky k gk fm`zhghbîk qhz pdedz ihnqdpdeimky de dg pdnk `dg kbtk% Dg qkîy eh `myqhed `d tek gdbmygkimùe {td mevhgtizd k ph`ky gky qkzpdy ihnqhedepdy `dg zditzyh `d kbtk' `dy`d gk qzdimqmpkimùe' meomgpzkimùe' dyihzzdepîk' kgnkideknmdeph' dvkqhpzkeyqmzkimùe' ikgm`k` } pzkyvkyd depzd itdeiky ekimhekgdy d mepdzekimhekgdy' kyî ihnh gk `domemimùe `dg ëzdk `d ihnqdpdeimk } zdyqheykjmgm`k`dy `d gky meypmptimhedy ekimhekgdy zdgkimhek`ky ihe ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Ihe zdyqdiph k ghy `kphy jëymihy zdihqmgk`hy nd`mkepd gky zd`dy `d hjydzvkimùe `d gk @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk' dmypde `domimdeimky% De bdedzkg' gky `deym`k`dy `d gky zd`dy dypëe qhz `djklh `d gky zdihnde`k`ky qhz gk Hzbkem|kimùe Ndpdhzhgùbmik Nte`mkg &HNN-' qkzpmitgkzndepd de dg ikyh `d gk zd` ymeùqpmik } igmnkphgùbmik }' de itkeph k dypkimhedy fm`zhnípzmiky gk @NF eh hqdzk emebtek dypkimùe% K`dnëy' yd edidympk ohzpkgdidz dg nkepdemnmdeph zdgkpmvh k d{tmqhy d meypztndephy qkzk kydbtzkz gk ihepmetm`k` } gk omkjmgm`k` `d ghy `kphy' nkpdzmk qzmnk jëymik de ghy {tdfkidzdy fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmihy% Gk zd` Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmik `dg Qkzkbtk} qhydd de phpkg ;;= dypkimhedy%
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I% `dg Dypd
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Dypkimhedy Kiptkgdy
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I% Nd|k I% Nmzke`k Deikzekimùe
YMYPDNK @D IHNTEMIKIMÙE Pdgíoheh Pdgíoheh } zk`mh Zk`mh
Omb% ?< Zd` Ndpdhzhgùbmik `d gk @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk . @MEKI
Ndpdhzhghbîk d Fm`zhghbîk . @NF @N F yd ihnqhed `d te phpkg `d :6 Gk zd` `d gk @mzdiimùe `d Ndpdhzhghbîk dypkimhedy ihevdeimhekgdy } `hy ktphnëpmiky &kdzhqtdzph Mepdzekimhekg `d Kyteimùe } Imt`k` `dg Dypd-% _dmepmimeih &:4- dypkimhedy qzhvdde `kphy qhz gh ndehy itkpzh vdidy kg `îk' `d ghy itkgdy `kphy `d {tmeid &;4- dypkimhedy yhe pzkeynmpm`ky ik`k pzdy fhzky kg Idepzh Zdbmhekg `d Pdgdihntemikimhedy Ndpdhzhgùbmiky `d Jtdehy Kmzdy' Kzbdepmek% Dypky dypkimhedy Ohznke qkzpd `dg Qzhbzknk `d vmbmgkeimk ndpdhzhgùbmik Nte`mkg `dg gk HNN% Zd` Ndpdhzhgùbmik Ndp dhzhgùbmik `d gk K`nmemypzkimùe K`nmemypzkimùe `d Dedzbîk Dgíipzmik &KE@D-' pmded te phpkg `d :0 dypkimhedy Ndpdhzhgùbmiky ihevdeimhekgdy &:0- } pzdid ktphnëpmiky &;9- de ghy `dqkzpkndephy `d Ikkbtk|ü' Yke Qd`zh' Kgph Qkzkeë } Ikede`m}t' nmdepzky {td gk zd` &INNKF-' pmded meypkgk`hy `dg Idepzh Ntgpmtyh `d Nhemphzdh Knjmdepkg d Fm`zhgùbmih &INNKF-' te phpkg `d 9? dypkimhedy fm`zh.ndpdhzhgùbmiky fm`zh.ndpdhzhgùbmiky de ph`h ph`h dg pdzzmphzmh% @d @d íyphy' ikphzid ikphzid &;0yhe ndpdhzhgùbmihy } :: fm`zh.qgtvmhníp fm`zh.qgt vmhnípzmihy% zmihy%
Omb% 2 . k< Zd` `d Dypkimhedy Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky `d gk KE@D } dg INNKF
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Gk Zd` Fm`zh.Ndpdhzhgùbmik `d gk Mpkmqü Jmekimhekg' qhydd de phpkg nky `d itkzdepk dypkimhedy de ph`k yt ëzdk `d meogtdeimk' `d ghy itkgdy vdmepmitkpzh &:0- dypkimhedy Ndpdhzhgùbmiky ihevdeimhekgdy } ktphnëpmiky yd tjmike de ghy @dqkzpkndephy `d Ikk|kqë Ikkbtk|ü' Kgph Qkzkeë } Ikede`m}ü% Dg NKB &Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk- pmded de phpkg ;? dypkimhedy dypkimhedy ndpdhzhgùbmiky ihevdeimhekgdy ;9 } ktphnëpmiky 9 `mypzmjtm`ky de ph`h dg qkîy%
Omb% 2 . j< Zd` `d Dypkimhedy Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky `d gk MPKMQT } dg NKB% Yd kigkzk {td de dg nkqk eh ombtzke ph`ky gky dypkimhedy `d gk MPKMQT%
Omekgndepd' fk} {td pdedz qzdydepd {td gk ‗nd`mimùe ‗nd`mimùe `d ghy ihnqhedepdy `dg imigh fm`zhgùbmih' de ikepm`k` } ikgm`k` } `d hpzky ikzkipdzîypmiky `dg nd`mh knjmdepd {td zdqdzitpde de dg kbtk yhe tek jkyd ote`kndepkg qkzk ghbzkz tek bdypmùe domik| `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy„ fî`zmihy„ &@digkzkimùe `d @tjgîe-% Dypkimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky Gk K`nmemypzkimùe `d Ekimhekg `d Ekvdbkimùe } Qtdzphy &KEEQ-' pmded te phpkg `d 0= dypkimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky' :0 dypkimhedy de dg Zîh Qkzkbtk} } 6 dypkimhedy de dg Zîh Qkzkeë' } ;2 dypkimhedy de ghy pzmjtpkzmhy `dg Zîh Qkzkbtk}' ph`ky ihevdeimhekgdy% Dg Idepzh Ntgpmtyh `d Nhemphzdh Knjmdepkg d Fm`zhgùbmih &INNKF-' `dqde`mdepd `dg Nmemypdzmh `d Hjzky Qtjgmiky } Ihntemikimhedy Ihntemikimhe dy &NHQI-' pmded :: dypkimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky ktphnëpmiky } `hy `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk% Gk Mpkmqü Jmekimhekg' pmded te phpkg `d ? dypkimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky `d gky itkgdy 0 yhe ktphnëpmihy } : ihevdeimhekgdy% Gk KE@D pmded te phpkg `d 6 dypkimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky yhjzd dg Zîh Kikzk} } yty Pzmjtpkzmhy% Gkjhzkphzmhy `d Ikgm`k` `d kbtk YDEKYK< YDEKYK< @mzdiimùe Bdedzkg `d Ykem`k` Knjmdepkg' `dqde`mdepd `dg Nmemypdzmh `d Ykgt` Qtjgmik } Jmdedypkz yhimkg' qhydd gkjhzkphzmhy `d Ikgm`k` `d kbtk izt`k } pzkpk`k% OI[< Okitgpk` `d Imdeimky [tînmiky [tînmiky `d gk Temvdzym`k` Ekimhekg `d Kyteimùe' qhydd gkjhzkphzmh `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
90
OKIDE< Okitgpk` `d Imdeimky Dkipky } Ekptzkgdy' @dqkzpkndeph `d [tînmik' qhydd gkjhzkphzmh `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk TEQ< Temvdzym`k` Ekimhekg `d Qmgkz' itdepk ihe te gkjhzkphzmh `d kbtk } ytdgh% Ekimhekg `d Pdiehghbîk } Ehznkgm|kimùe' Ehznkgm|kimùe' qhydd gkjhzkphzmhy `d ikgm`k` `d MEPE< Meypmptph Ekimhekg kbtk } dy gk depm`k` ehznkpmvk `d gk ikgm`k`% NKB< Nmemypdzmh `d Kbzmitgptzk } Bkek`dzîk' itdepk ihe gkjhzkphzmh de dg Ifkih Qkzkbtk}h% OIK.TEK< OIK.TEK< Okitgpk` `d Imdeimky Kbzkzmky' itdepk ihe gkjhzkphzmh qkzk keëgmymy `d ytdgh% OM ’ TEK< Okitgpk` `d Mebdemdzîk' itdepk ihe gkjhzkphzmh `d ykedknmdeph jëymih% DYYKQ< Dnqzdyk `d Ydzvmimh Ykempkzmh `dg Qkzkbtk}' pmded ;1 dypkimhedy `d nhemphzdh `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk de gk Zdbmùe Hzmdepkg `dg qkîy' ihe `dpdznmekimhedy `dpdznmekimhed y Ypke`kz` ndpfh`y `d pdnqdzkptzk' ptzjmd`k`' qF' Ihe`tipmvm`k` dgíipzmik } hmbdeh `mytdgph% Pknjmíe `dpdznmeke ihe qkzëndpzhy jkipdzmhgùbmih jkipdzmhgùbmihy' y' ihgmohzndy phpkgdy } ihgmohzndy odikgdy } qkzëndpzhy myhpùqmihy' pzmpmtn } ikzjheh ;0' } ghy qkzëndpzhy dypëe`kz `d gkjhzkphzmh% Nkqky phqhbzëomihy Yd `myqhed gk ikzphbzkoîk `mbmpkg de dyikgk ;< 41%111 } ikzpky phqhbzëomiky phqhbzëomik y `d ph`h dg qkîy k dyikgk ;<;11%111' ph`ky kiptkgm|k`ky' kyî nmynh ihnh hzphohphikzpky &`mbmpkgdy- de dyikgk ;<:4%111' `d ph`k gk zdbmùe Hzmdepkg' } k dyikgk ;<4111 `d gk |hek tzjkek `dg @dqkzpkndeph idepzkg% Qzh}diphy `d ndlhzknmdeph `d Zd`dy `d Hjydzvkimùe Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmik } ymypdnky `d Kgdzpk Pdnqzkek% Qzh}diph ]ki}zdpk De qzhidyh `d Mnqgdndepkimùe 2 dypkimhedy fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky fm`zhndpdhz hgùbmiky ktphnëpmiky ktphnëpmik y ihe pzkeynmymùe ykpdgmpkg `d yt ëzdk `d meogtdeimk de ghy @dqkzpkndephy `d Nmymhedy d Mpkqük% Qzh}diph @MEKI(IDE &Ihnmpí `d Dndzbdeimk Ekimhekg- ’ Qzíypknh JM@ :0 dypkimhedy ndpdhzhgùbmiky ktphnëpmiky .HPP(GKNJZDIFP TE ZK@KZ ndpdhzhgùbmih ndpdhz hgùbmih @hqqgdz. JKZHE JKZHE YDZ_MID Tek dypkimùe zdidqphzk z didqphzk `d mnkbde ykpdgmpkg `d kgpk zdyhgtimùe MQY Tek dypkimùe `d zk`mhyhe`k @MBMIHZK MMM ihe bdedzk`hz `d Fm`zhbdeh Pzkeynmymùe ykpdgmpkg `d `kphy ndpdhzhgùbmih ihe ymypdnk MNKZYKPI • • • •
Dypd qzh}diph {td dypk de dlditimùe' qzdpde`d gk mepdbzkimùe `d ghy ymypdnky `d meohznkimùe' qkzk gh itkg yd edidympk dg ohzpkgdimnmdeph `d gky Meypmptimhedy deikzbk`ky `d gk meohznkimùe } gk ikqkimpkimùe `d ghy píiemihy `dg ëzdk qkzk hqpmnm|kz dyotdz|hy dyotdz|hy ihe domimdeimk% ?%?
Ikqkimpkimùe' Imdeimk } Pdiehghbîk
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ihnqhedepdy `d zditzyhy fî`zmihy ihnh fm`zhghbîk' bdhghbîk' {tînmik' `dzdifh knjmdepkg } kbzkzmh' ikgm`k` `dg kbtk' igmnkphghbîk } ndpdhzhghbîk' ykedknmdeph tzjkeh } ztzkg' dihghbîk ftnkek' zmdbh' `zdekld } hpzhy' ph`hy ihnh qkzpd `d itzzîitgtn kyhimk`h k ikzzdzky `d qzdbzk`h } kgbteky `d qhypbzk`h% Dmypd tek ikzzdzk píiemik de ndpdhzhghbîk de TEK% Eh fk} emebtek ikzzdzk `d nke`h nd`mh kyhimk`k k nd`mimhedy fm`zhgùbmiky% Gk nk}hzîk `d ghy píiemihy {td pzkjklke de dg ydiphz zdimjde depzdeknmdeph de dpdzmhz% Ym jmde dmypd dg Iheydlh Ekimhekg `d Imdeimk } Pdiehghbîk ’ IHEKI]P' íypd eh ohzntgk qgkedy dyqdiîomihy qkzk dg ydiphz%
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Temohznm|kz gk meohznkimùe zdbmypzk`k de gky `modzdepdy meypmptimhedy% Iheypztmz gk Gd} `d kbtk de jkyd k te `mkghbh qkzpmimqkpmvh% @domemz ghy zhgdy meypmptimhekgdy } ohzpkgdidz gk bdypmùe mepdbzk`k `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Ohzpkgdidz gk `dyidepzkgm|kimùe `d gky itdypmhedy knjmdepkgdy k pzkvíy `dg nkedlh qhz itdeiky% @mydûkz de ohznk iheltepk dg nkzih meypmptimhekg ihe dg gdbkg Zdvmykz gky gd}dy {td mepdzomdzde depzd gky ktphzm`k`dy `d kqgmikimùe @mydûkz te ymypdnk `d meohznkimùe `dg kbtk kjmdzph kg qtjgmih Mepdbzkz ph`ky gky nd`mimhedy Fm`zhnípzmiky d Fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky `myqhemjgdy de dg qkîy de te yhgh ymypdnk ihe gmjzd kiidyh% Ndlhzkz gky nd`mimhedy fm`zhgùbmiky de gky ytjitdeiky kogtdepdy kg zîh Qkzkbtk}% Temohznm|kz ghy gdebtkldy `d ghy d{tmqhy `d gdiptzk tpmgm|k`ky de gky `modzdepdy meypmptimhedy {td zdkgm|ke nd`mimhedy fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky d fm`zhnípzmiky% Ohzpkgdidz gky meypmptimhedy d`tikimhekgdy {td yd `d`mike k gk mevdypmbkimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Qzhnhvdz gk qkzpmimqkimùe qtjgmik `dyidepzkgm|k`k' qkzk gk qzhpdiimùe } iheydzvkimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy Dypkjgdidz qzhbzknky `d d`tikimùe } iheimdeimkimùe `d gk edidym`k` `d qzdydzvkz ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% Kqgmikz ghy qzmeimqmhy `d gk bdypmùe mepdbzk`k `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy% fî`zmihy % Kiptkgm|kz gky ehznkpmvky `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk Knqgmkz } ymypdnkpm|kz dg ihehimnmdeph yhjzd ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy } yt qhpdeimkg `d kqzhvdifknmdeph% Pzk|kz qgkedy `d `dykzzhggh yhypdemjgd ihe kqzhvdifknmdeph nügpmqgd `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy de jkyd k gky itdeiky% itdeiky % @djd depde`dzyd {td dg zditzyh kbtk dy knqgmh' pzkeyvdzykg' } pmded te vkghz diheùnmih diheùnm ih } yhimkg } yt tyh `djd ydzvmz qkzk qkgmkz gk qhjzd|k% Mnqgdndepkz ytjym`mhy qkzk gk `dyihepknmekimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy
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KYQDIPHY YHIMHDIHEHNMIHY YHIMHDIHEHNMIHY
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Kbtky Ytjpdzzëedky
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Kitîodzh Ihzhedg Hvmd`h< Yd`mndephy `d hzmbde bgkimkg' ymgpmpky' gtpmpky } kzdemyiky' kitîodzh ghikg' dyqdyhz `d ?41 ndpzhy' qdzndkjmgm`k` vkzmkjgd ihe ikt`kgdy nd`mh `dg hz`de `d ghy 6 n9(f } ikt`kgdy dyqdiîomihy `d 1'0 n9(f(n' qt`míe`hyd ndlhzkz ihe gk tjmikimùe idzikek k dypztiptzky bdhgùbmik% Kitîodzh me`dqde`deimk< Kgpdzekeimk `d kzdemyiky } ymgpmpky' kitîodzh ghikg' dyqdyhz `d 211 ndpzhy' qdzndkjmgm`k` jklk' ihe ikt`kgdy `d qh|hy' `dqde`mde`h `d gk tjmikimùe' `dg hz`de `d ghy ;1 n9(f } ikt`kgdy dyqdiîomihy de nd`mk `d 1'4 n9(f(n% ihnqhed' ihe dg kitîodzh Nmymhedy dg Ymypdnk Kitîodzh Kitîodzh Btkzkeî% Kitîodzh Nmymhedy< Gk Ohznkimùe Nmymhedy' {td dy gk qzmeimqkg tem`k` `depzh `dg Ymypdnk Kitîodzh Btkzkeî' dypk iheohznk`k qhz kzdemyiky `d ihghz zhlm|h' `d bzkeh nd`mh k bztdyh' ihe dypzkpmomikimùe izt|k`k' qhzhym`k` } qdzndkjmgm`k` nd`mk k kgpk% Ghy ikt`kgdy nd`mhy dpzkî`hy `d ghy qh|hy dypëe de dg hz`de `d ghy :: n9(f } ikt`kgdy dyqdiîomihy `d ; k 4 n9(f(n%' dyphy yd`mndephy pmdede te dyqdyhz vkzmkjgd `d :11 k 011 ndpzhy% Tek qkzpd qkzpd `d gk nmynk yd deitdepzk deitdepzk koghzkepd koghzkepd } hpzk iheomek`k iheomek`k qhz ghy jkykgphy `d gk Ohznkimùe Kgph Qkzkeë% Gk dpdeymùe `d gk Ohznkimùe Nmymhedy yd dypmnk de ?2%111 Cn:' ihzzdyqhe`mde`h dg 41 k gk |hek `d dqhymimùe h koghzkepd' dy `dimz {td pmded ikzkipdzîypmiky `d kitîodzh gmjzd } iheypmpt}d' qzhjkjgdndepd' dg ëzdk `d zdikzbk% Tehy 91%111 Cn%: ihzzdyqhe`de k gk |hek itjmdzpk qhz ghy jkykgphy `d gk Ohznkimùe Kgph Qkzkeë de `he`d dg kitîodzh dy iheomek`h% Dg iheomeknmdeph `dpdznmek ikzkipdzîypmiky `d kzpdymkemynh ’ kbtk jklh qzdymùe. qzdymùe. } pdznkgmynh ’ kbtky ihe ihe pdnqdzkptzky pdnqdzkptzky depzd 91 } ?1 ¼ Idepîbzk`hy Idepîbzk`hy ’ de gk nk}hz qkzpd `dg ëzdk &Hztí ;==?-% Dg kitîodzh `d zdodzdeimk yd dpmde`d `dy`d dg Ehzpd `d gk zdbmùe hzmdepkg `dg Qkzkbtk}' `dy`d dg @dqkzpkndeph `d Knknjk} fkypk dg Ytz `dg Qkîy' Qkîy' @dqkzpkndeph `d Mpkqük' kjkzike`h qkzpd `d ghy @dqkzpkndephy `d Iheidqimùe' Yke Qd`zh' Knknjk}' Ckeme`d}ü ' Ikkbtk|ü' Ikk|kqë' Kgph Qkzkeë' Nmymhedy } Ûddnjtiü% Kitîodzh Qkpmûh< Dg kbtk `dg Kitîodzh Qkpmûh yd deitdepzk kghlk`k de dg Bztqh Kyteimùe iheohznk`k qhz gky Ohznkimhedy< Qkpmûh' Idzzh Qdzù' d Mpkq}pëqtepk% Gk iheypmptimùe `dg Bztqh yd hzmbmeke ihe ihe dg zdggdeh `d tek bzke ohyk pdipùemik `tzkepd dg Izdpëimih nd`mh fkypk omekgdy `dg Pdzimkzmh' gk jkyd `d gk nmynky iheypmpt}de zhiky `d d`k` Ymgüzmiky } dypëe iheypmptm`ky qhz kzdemyiky ozmkjgdy `d bzkeh bztdyh k omeh ’ de dg ikyh `d gky Ohznkimhedy Qkpmûh } Idzzh Qdzù pmdede ihebghndzk`hy de yt qkzpd qkzpd jkykg ’ dypky Ohznkimhedy yd deitdepzke mepztm`ky qhz zhiky mepztymvky mepztymvky jëymiky `d d`k` Hgmbhidek ’ Nmhidek% Dypd Kitîodzh `d dpdeymùe zdypzmebm`k kjkzik qkzpd `d ghy @dqkzpkndephy `d Idepzkg } Qkzkbtkzî% iheypmptm`h qhz `dzzkndy jkyëgpmihy jkyëgpmihy } kzdemyiky mepdzikgk`ky' mepdzikgk`ky' Kitîodzh Kgph Qkzkeë< iheypmptm`h kitîodzh ghikg' `d dyqdyhz `d ?11 k 211 ndpzhy% Dg kbtk yd pzkeynmpd } kitntgk k pzkvíy `d omytzky' ozkiptzky } kzdemyiky mepdzihedipk`ky fkypk :11 ndpzhy% Gk qdzndkjmgm`k` dy nt} vkzmkjgd' ghy qh|hy qtd`de `kz ikt`kgdy `dg hz`de `d ghy ;6 n9(f } ikt`kgdy dyqdiîomihy `dg ;'4 n9(f(n%
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02
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Ydiimùe K @dydnjhik`tzk Zîh Zîh Qkzkbtk} . ]ki}zdpë `d ::4 Cn% `d ghebmpt` `he`d dmypde qkyhy {td zd{tmdzde `d `zkbk`hy `d nkepdemnmdeph% nkepdemnmdeph% Idzik `d gk zdqzdyk ]ki}zdpë' depzd dg Cn% :11 } :?4 `d gk `dydnjhik`tzk `dg zîh Qkzkbtk} yd fk `dpdipk`h qzdydeimk `d ytdghy `tzhy } ihebghndzk`hy% Ydiimùe J `dy`d ]ki}zdpë' Cn% ::4 `d gk `dydnjhik`tzk `dg zîh Qkzkbtk} fkypk Deikzekimùe 901 `d gk `dydnjhik`tzk `dg zîh Qkzkbtk} `he`d Gk ohznkimùe `dg dnjkgyd `d ]ki}zdpë' fk qhymjmgmpk`h dg ndlhzknmdeph `d gky ihe`mimhedy `d ekvdbkjmgm`k` `dg Zîh Qkzkeë' kg dgmnmekzyd dg hjypëitgh ekptzkg {td iheypmptîke ghy Zëqm`hy `d Kqmqí' ymptk`hy `hy cmgùndpzhy kbtky kzzmjk `d gk zdqzdyk' ghy {td {td`kzhe ytndzbm`hy% Ydiimùe I Deikzekimùe fkypk Mpkmqü `d 9?1 Cn% `d vîk ekvdbkjgd' {td qzdydepk ekptzkgndepd jtdeky qzhote`m`k`dy } keifhy% Gk dyigtyk `d ekvdbkimùe `d ]ki}zdpë ' ihe tek ghebmpt` üpmg `d :9? ndpzhy } te keifh `d :2 ndpzhy' okimgmpk dg qkykld `d dnjkzikimhedy `d fkypk ;: qmdy `d ikgk`h &9'?? ndpzhy- de te pmdnqh {td eh did`d ghy 04 nmetphy%
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[email protected]' dg ydiphz kbzîihgk dnmpmù dg 29'06 `dg phpkg `d dnmymhedy `d BDM &Bky `d Dodiph Mevdzek`dzh-' k pzkvíy `d gk {tdnk `d zdym`thy kbzîihgky' ykjkeky' gky odzndepkimhedy depízmiky' } dg itgpmvh `d kzzh|% Ihnh iheyditdeimk `d dypk ymptkimùe yd vmded dqdzmndepke`h de gk ügpmnk `íik`k ymptkimhedy kehznkgdy de gk ozditdeimk' mepdeym`k` } `mypzmjtimùe `d gky ggtvmky de dg Qkzkbtk}% Ph`h dyph kodipk dg ymypdnk qzh`tipmvh kbzhqditkzmh {td yd vd mnqkipk`h edbkpmvkndepd' fkimde`h {td ik`k vd| qtd`ke `dqde`dz ndehy `d ghy ymypdnky ekptzkgdy' gh {td dldzid otdzpd qzdymùe yhjzd jhy{tdy' kbtky ytqdzomimkgdy } ytjpdzzëedky &Kitîodzh Btkzkeî } hpzhy-% ;:%;%9 Iknjmhy Igmnëpmihy< Gk tjmikimùe bdhbzëomik `dg Qkzkbtk}' de dg idepzh `d gk zdbmùe yt`kndzmikek' de gkpmpt`dy pzhqmikgdy } ytjpzhqmikgdy &;=¼ } :6¼ Gkpmpt` Ytz3 40¼ } ?0 ¼ Ghebmpt` Hdypd-' okvhzdid gk hitzzdeimk `d igmnky `mvdzyhy de yt dpdeymùe pdzzmphzmkg' vkzmke`h `dy`d igmnky ydihy } ydnmëzm`hy de dg idepzh } hdypd `dg Ifkih' qkyke`h qhz ytj.fünd`hy de gky k`}kideimky `dg zîh Qkzkbtk} k igmnky fünd`hy de dg dypd `dg qkîy% Dg ihnqhzpknmdeph píznmih `d ghy hiíkehy Kpgëepmih ihnh Qkiîomih' pmded otdzpd meogtdeimk de gk vkzmkjmgm`k` mepzkdypkimhekg &`tzkepd ghy ndydy `dg kûh- d mepdzketkg &kûh pzky kûh- `d gky ggtvmky } pdnqdzkptzky `d etdypzh qkîy% @d dypk ohznk' dg qzmeimqkg ohz|kepd `d ghy dpzdnhy igmnëpmihy `dg Qkzkbtk} dy dg odeùndeh Dg Emûh ’ Hyimgkimùe `dg Ytz &DEHY- de yty `hy okydy' Dg Emûh &pdnqdzkptzky kehznkgndepd ikgmdepdy de dg hiíkeh Qkiîomih pzhqmikg-' kyhimk`h ihe didyhy qgtvmhnípzmihy d mete`kimhedy zmjdzdûky } tzjkeky' } Gk Emûk &pdnqdzkptzky &pdnqdzkptzky kehznkgndepd kehznkgndepd ozîky de dg hiíkeh Qkiîomih pzhqmikg-' kyhimk`h ihe qzhghebk`ky yd{tîky% Eh hjypkepd gk otdzpd meogtdeimk `dg DEHY de ghy dpzdnhy igmnëpmihy `dg Qkzkbtk}' íypd eh dy gk üemik {td gk qzhvhik% Gk ozditdeimk `d yd{tîky d mete`kimhedy' kg dypkz kyhimk`h kg DEHY dy nt} vkzmkjgd } bdedzkgndepd dy gk nmynk {td gk `dg DEHY' 0 k 6 kûhy qkzk dg ikyh `d Dg Emûh% De dg ikyh `d gky yd{tîky `djd iheym`dzkzyd ghy `modzdepdy pmqhy qkzk dypkjgdidz tek ozditdeimk zk|hekjgd% Qhz gh ndehy' gky yd{tîky qkzdide pdedz ndehz ozditdeimk {td gky mete`kimhedy de ghy ügpmnhy ;11 kûhy% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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De itkeph k ghy mnqkiphy yhimhdiheùnmihy' knjhy dpzdnhy igmnëpmihy pmdede otdzpd zdqdzitymùe% De ghy kûhy ;=== } qzmeimqmhy `dg :111' ihe gk hitzzdeimk `dg odeùndeh Emûk' ghy `dqkzpkndephy ehzpdûhy `d Yke Qd`zh } Iheidqimùe otdzhe igmnëpmih Gk Emûk' `digkzk`hy de dndzbdeimk }' de dg Ifkih Idepzkg dg ydiphz kbzhqditkzmh }' qkzpmitgkzndepd dg gëipdh' yd vmdzhe qdzlt`mik`hy% Dg Qkzkbtk} Qkzkbtk} yd deitdepzk `depzh `d ghy qzmndzhy qkîydy {td fke ytyizmph ytyizmph } zkpmomik`h dg ihevdemh Nkzih `d gky Ekimhedy Tem`ky yhjzd Iknjmh Igmnëpmih } dg Qzhphihgh `d C}hph% Qhypdzmhzndepd de @mimdnjzd `d g===' dg bhjmdzeh Qkzkbtk}h izdk gk homimek Qkzkbtk}k `d Mnqgdndepkimùe Iheltepk' k ome `d ihepkz ihe tek meypkeimk k`nmemypzkpmvk {td gm`dzk gk Mnqgdndepkimùe `d ghy ihnqzhnmyhy ihepdem`hy de ghy kitdz`hy mepdzekimhekgdy% Dg dypkjgdimnmdeph `d dypd nkzih meypmptimhekg' yd `mh `depzh `d te ihevdemh ytyizmph depzd gk Zdqüjgmik `dg Qkzkbtk} } dg qzhbzknk `d gky Ekimhedy Tem`ky qkzk dg `dykzzhggh' m`depmomik`h ihnh QKZ(=6(B9;(MB(==% IHNTEMIKIMHE EKIMHEKG YHJZD IKNJMH IGMNKPMIH QKZKBTK]% Gk Ydizdpkzmk `dg Knjmdepd dy gk Meypmptimùe {td fk zdimjm`h dg Ikzëipdz `d Ktphzm`k` `d kqgmikimùe `dg Ihevdemh Nkzih `d gky Ekimhedy Tem`k`dy yhjzd iknjmh Igmnëpmih &INETII-' k pzkvíy `d gk gd} `d yt izdkimùe&Gd} ;4?;(11-%Gk YDKN `domed de ohznk dypztiptzkg } hqdzkpmvk kg Qzhbzknk Ekimhekg `d Iknjmhy Igmnëpmihy' izdk`k k yt meypkeimk dg = `d hiptjzd `d :11; qhz `dizdph E1 ;0=09(11%Gk ihnmymùe dy gk meypkeimk `dgmjdzkpmvk' `dgmjdzkpmvk ' iheytgpmvk } zdyhgtphzmk `d gk qhgîpmik ekimhekg yhjzd iknjmh Igmnëpmih' kytnd gk oteimhedy } kpzmjtimhedy edidykzmky qkzk gk dlditimùe `d gky `dimymhedy% Gk Tem`k` `d Iknjmh Igmnëpmih' pmded k yt ikzbh gh zdgkimhek`h k ghy dypt`mhy imdepîomihy' gky edbhimkimhedy `d gk ihevdeimùe' gk kiptkgm|kimùe `d gky ihntemikimhedy ekimhekgdy' zdgkimheknmdeph ihe meypmptimhedy ekimhekgdy qkzk gk dodipmvk Mnqgdndepkimùe `d gk INETII } ph`h gh `myqtdyph de dg `dizdph' ;:%;%0 Yd{tîky Gk yd{tîk dy te ihnqhzpknmdeph igmnëpmih ehznkg } zditzzdepd ' kte{td bdedzkgndepd &de ohznk dzzùedk- ydk iheym`dzk`k ihnh te dvdeph zkzh } kgdkphzmh% Hitzzd de ph`ky gky |heky igmnëpmiky' kte{td yty ikzkipdzîypmiky vkzîke `d tek zdbmùe k hpzk% Gk yd{tîk dy tek kehnkgîk pdnqhzkg } `momdzd `d gk kzm`d|' qtdyph {td dypk ügpmnk dypk iheomek`k k zdbmhedy `d jklk qzdimqmpkimùe } dy te ihnqhzpknmdeph igmnëpmih qdznkedepd' ihnh dg ikyh `dg Ifkih' qhz dldnqgh% Dg keëgmymy `d gky yd{tîky } nd`mz yty mnqkiphy' zd{tmdzd ihehidz ghy `modzdepdy pmqhy } ghy pmdnqhy `d hitzzdeimk `d gk nmynk' qhz dldnqgh gk hitzzdeimk de tek dypkimùe qzmeimqkg' zdpzkyh de dg memimh `d gk dypkimùe ggtvmhyk' hitzzdeimk `d ggtvmky de zdgkimùe kg dypk`h `d izdimnmdeph `d `dpdznmek`h itgpmvh' dpi%-% @domemimùe Iheidqptkg `d gky Yd{tîky Gky `domemimhedy iheidqptkgdy' ohzntgk`ky de píznmehy bdedzkgdy' k}t`ke k gky qdzyheky k depde`dz dg iheidqph `d gk yd{tîk% Qhz dldnqgh' Yd{tîk dy te qdzmh`h `d qzdimqmpkimùe `domimdepd zdytgpke`h de `kûhy ydvdzhy de ghy itgpmvhy dpdeymvhy {td bdedzke qíz`m`ky de gk qzh`tiimùe% Gk `domemimùe iheidqptkg pknjmíe qtd`d ydz omghyùomikndepd mnqhzpkepd qkzk dypkjgdidz qhgîpmiky kyhimk`ky kyhimk`ky k gky yd{tîky% Qhz dldnqgh' gk qhgîpmik `d yd{tîk `d Ktypzkgmk meihzqhzk dg depde`mnmdeph `d gk vkzmkjmgm`k` igmnëpmik ehznkg de gk `domemimùe `d gk yd{tîk% Dg qkîy qzhqhzimhek kymypdeimk omekeimdzk k ghy kbzmitgphzdy yhgh jklh ‗imziteypkeimky `d yd{tîk didqimhekg„' itke`h gky ihe`mimhedy `d yd{tîk vke nky kggë `d k{tdgghy de {td qtd`de ydz iheym`dzk`hy ihnh qkzpd `dg nkedlh `d zmdybh ehznkg% Gk `digkzkimùe `d ‗yd{tîky didqimhekgdy„ dypë jkyk`k de gk hzmdepkimùe imdepîomik% De dg qkyk`h' itke`h gk qhgîpmik `d _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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yd{tîky eh dzk jmde `domem`k em depde`m`k qhz ghy kbzmitgphzdy' kgbtehy kbzmitgphzdy `dg gky |heky ydnmëzm`ky `d Ktypzkgmk zdigknkjke kymypdeimk ik`k qkz `d kûhy% @domemimùe Hqdzkimhekg `d gk Yd{tîk Gk `domemimùe hqdzkimhekg `d gk yd{tîk k}t`k k gky qdzyheky k m`depmomikz dg memimh' ome } dg bzk`h `d ydvdzm`k` `d tek yd{tîk% Qkzk `dpdznmekz dg memimh `d tek yd{tîk' fk} `domemimhedy hqdzkimhekgdy {td dyqdimomike dg bzk`h `d kehnkgîk `dg qzhnd`mh `d gk qzdimqmpkimùe h kgbteky hpzky vkzmkjgdy igmnëpmiky de dg nmynh qdzmh`h% Dyph dy ehznkgndepd fdifh ihnqkzke`h gk ymptkimùe kiptkg ihe dg qzhnd`mh fmypùzmih' ozditdepdndepd jkyk`h yhjzd 91 kûhy `d `kphy% Dg gînmpd' m`depmomik`h ihnh dg memimh `d gk yd{tîk &qhz dldnqgh' 24 `dg qzhnd`mh `d qzdimqmpkimùe yhjzd te qdzmh`h dyqdiîomih- dy ehznkgndepd dypkjgdim`h ihnh te gînmpd kzjmpzkzmh' nky {td yhjzd jkydy qzdimyky {td gh zdgkimheke ihe mnqkiphy dyqdiîomihy% Tek `domemimùe hqdzkimhekg qkzk gk kbzmitgptzk qtd`d ihnqkzkz gk qzdimqmpkimùe `mkzmk ihe gk zk|ùe `d dvkqhpzkeyqmzkimùe qkzk `dpdznmekz gk vkzmkimùe `d gk ftnd`k` `dg ytdgh } dqzdykz kyî dg zdgkimheknmdeph de píznmehy `d ghy dodiphy `d gk yd{tîk yhjzd dg ihnqhzpknmdeph `d gk qgkepk &qhz dldnqgh' izdimnmdeph } qzh`tiimùe- de vkzmhy dypk`hy `dg `dykzzhggh `dg itgpmvh% Tek `domemimùe ihnh íypk qtd`d ydz tyk`h de tek hzmdepkimùe hqdzkimhekg `d gk ydvdzm`k` d mnqkiphy' nhemphzdke`h hpzky vkzmkjgdy ndpdhzhgùbmiky ihnh ftnd`k` `dg ytdgh } ihe`mimhedy `dg itgpmvh `tzkepd gk dypkimùe `d izdimnmdeph' zddvkgtke`h ihepmetkndepd ghy mnqkiph qhpdeimkgdy `d dypky ihe`mimhedy de dg zde`mnmdeph omekg% @domemimhedy hqdzkimhekgdy pknjmíe qtd`de ydz tyk`ky qkzk kekgm|kz gk ozditdeimk `d gk yd{tîk' ydvdzm`k` } `tzkimùe qkzk te qdzmh`h fmypùzmih `dpdznmek`h% Pkgdy `domemimhedy' yme dnjkzbh' zd{tmdzde `kphy ndpdhzhgùbmihy fhzkzmhy' `mkzmhy' ndeytkgdy } hpzky dyikgky `d pmdnqh } qhymjgdndepd `kphy `d mnqkiphy &qhz dldnqgh zde`mnmdeph `dg itgpmvh-' `dqde`mde`h `d gk ekptzkgd|k `d gk `domemimùe kqgmik`k% Dg `dykzzhggh `d tek igmnkphghbîk `d gky yd{tîky qhz zdbmhedy qzhqhzimhek te bzke ihehimnmdeph `d gky ikzkipdzîypmiky } gky qzhjkjmgm`k`dy `d zditzzdeimk de vkzmhy emvdgdy `d ydvdzm`k`% Gk meohznkimùe `d dypd pmqh dy dpzdnk`kndepd jdeíomik de ghy `dykzzhgghy `d dypzkpdbmky `d zdyqtdypk } qgkedy `d ihepmebdeimk% Pmqhy `d Yd{tîky •
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Yd{tîky Ndpdhzhgùbmiky< yd `domede ehznkgndepd yhjzd gk jkyd `dg bzk`h `d kehnkgîk edbkpmvk &de ihnqkzkimùe ihe kgbüe vkghz ‗ehznkg„ h qzhnd`mh-% @domemimhedy `d yd{tîky ndpdhzhgùbmiky qtd`de ydz iheym`dzk`ky ihnh zdbmhedy dyqdiîomiky qtdyph {td gky ihe`mimhedy kpnhyoízmiky {td zdytgpke de gk `domimdeimk `d qzdimqmpkimhedy yhe kgpkndepd vkzmkjgdy `d tek zdbmùe k hpzk% Qhz dldnqgh' kgbteky `domemimhedy `d yd{tîky ndpdhzhgùbmiky m`depmomike qdzmh`hy `d yd{tîky de jkyd kg eündzh `d `îky ihe qzdimqmpkimhedy ndehz {td kgbüe vkghz gînmpd dyqdimomik`h% Dypk nd`mimùe dy yhgh kqzhqmk`k qkzk zdbmhedy ikzkipdzm|k`ky qhz te zíbmnde `d qzdimqmpkimùe ihepmetk `tzkepd dg kûh' pkgdy ihnh gky ggtvmky pzhqmikgdy' igmnky ytjpzhqmikgdy fünd`hy' igmnky fünd`hy `d gkpmpt`dy nd`mky% Hpzky `domemimhedy qtd`de zdgkimhekzyd ihe dg `dyvîh `d gk qzdimqmpkimùe ihe zdgkimùe k te qzhnd`mh ndeytkg' dypkimhekg h ketkg% Yd{tîky Kbzîihgky< Gky yd{tîky kbzîihgky yd kyhimke k vkzmky ikzkipdzîypmiky `d gky yd{tîky ndpdhzhgùbmiky &h Fm`zhgùbmiky- de itkeph k ghy mnqkiphy kbzîihgky' deohik`h k ihzphy qdzmh`hy `d qzdimqmpkimùe' `modzdeimky depzd gk DP kiptkg } gk DPQ' `íomimp `d ftnd`k` `dg ytdgh' zd`tiimùe `d ghy emvdgdy `d kbtk ytjpdzzëedk h emvdgdy
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`d zdydzvhzmhy } ntifhy hpzhy% Gk `dnke`k `d kbtk `d gk qgkepk `dqde`d `d gky ihe`mimhedy ndpdhzhgùbmiky qzdvkgdimdepdy' ikzkipdzîypmiky jmhgùbmiky `d ik`k qgkepk' yt dypk`h } izdimnmdeph' } gky qzhqmd`k`dy oîymiky } jmhgùbmiky `dg ytdgh% Tek jtdek `domemimùe `d yd{tîk kbzîihgk qt`d ydz itkepmomikz gky vkzmkjgdy ytyidqpmjgdy kg itgpmvh `tzkepd dg dypk`h `d nk`tzd|' `dy`d gk dndzbdeimk fkypk gk nk`tzd| •
Yd{tîky Fm`zhgùbmiky< Gky yd{tîky fm`zhgùbmiky dypëe kyhimk`ky k ghy dodiphy `d gk `mynmetimùe `d qzdimqmpkimùe yhjzd gk ytqdzomimd } ghy ytnmemypzhy `d kbtky ytj. ytqdzomimkgdy &qhz dldnqgh' ikt`kgdy' emvdgdy `d zdydzvhzmhy } gkbhy' kbtk ytjpdzzëedk-% Gk ozditdeimk } gk ydvdzm`k` `d tek yd{tîk fm`zhgùbmik dy ozditdepdndepd `domem`k de gk dyikgk `d itdeik% Ph`hy ghy pmqhy `d yd{tîky yd hzmbmeke ihe tek `domimdeimk `d gk qzdimqmpkimùe' yme dnjkzbh' ghy fm`zùghbhy yd qzdhitqke nky de ihnh dypk `domimdeimk kgpdzk dg imigh fm`zhgùbmih% Gk yd{tîk fm`zhgùbmik bdedzkgndepd dypë otdzk `d okyd h zdpzkyk`h ihe zdyqdiph k gk yd{tîk ndpdhzhgùbmik h kbzîihgk%' qhz gh {td ghy mnqkiphy pknjmíe dypëe otdzk `d okyd%
Ikzkipdzîypmiky `d gky Yd{tîky de Qkzkbtk} De Qkzkbtk}' gky yd{tîky yhe `dg pmqh ndpdhzhgùbmih de qzmndz píznmeh' ydbtm`hy `d gky yd{tîky kbzîihgky d fm`zhgùbmiky% Gk zdbmùe Hiim`depkg `dg qkîy h Ifkih' itdepk ihe tek zdbmùe `d qdznkedepd `íomimp fî`zmih' {td de `dpdznmek`hy kûhy yd vd kbzkvk`h bdedzke`h yd{tîk ydvdzk' ihe iheyditdeimky diheùnmiky `d ntifk ymbemomikeimk% Gk zdbmùe Hzmdepkg' de ihepzkqkzpm`k' dy tek zdbmùe ihe didyhy fî`zmihy `tzkepd ph`h dg kûh' qzh`timíe`hyd yd{tîky de `dpdznmek`hy kûhy ihnh ;=60' ;==4' ;===' :111 } qzmeimqmhy `d kûh `dg :110% Gky qdz`m`ky diheùnmiky `d gk ügpmnk yd{tîk otdzhe nt} dgdvk`ky' dyqdimkgndepd de ydiphz yhldzh% Dg kjkypdimnmdeph ftnkeh pknjmíe yd vmh kodipk`h de dypk ügpmnk yd{tîk% Nhepd @hndi{ } Jëd| &:11;- `dyizmjde `dpkggk`kndepd gky ikzkipdzîypmiky dyqkimkgdy } pdnqhzkgdy &ndeytkg d mepdzketkg- `d ghy didyhy } `íomimp fî`zmihy de dg Qkzkbtk} de jkyd k jkgkeidy fî`zmihy ydzmk`hy de dg qdzmh`h ;=?1.;===% Dg hzmbde `d gky yd{tîky de Qkzkbtk}' dg ehzdypd kzbdepmeh } ytz `d Jzkymg' dypk kyhimk`h k gk hitzzdeimk `dg odeùndeh igmnëpmih Gk Emûk &Bzmnn dp kg' :1113 Cmgk`my } @îk|' ;=6=3 Qdkbgd } Nh' :11:- de qzmndz gtbkz' kte{td gky pdnqdzkptzky ytqdzomimkgdy `dg Hiíkeh Kpgëepmih idzik `d gky ihypky `d Jzkymg pknjmíe ltdbke te qkqdg qzdqhe`dzkepd% De iheyditdeimk' gky yd{tîky ndpdhzhgùbmiky qzhghebk`ky qh`zîke ydz qzhehypmik`ky ihe imdzpk kepdgkimùe% Yme dnjkzbh' gk qzd`miimùe yme te qgke `d ihepmebdeimk eh pmded ntifh vkghz' qtdyph {td gky kiimhedy yhe `dyihhz`mek`ky } qhih dodipmvky' dodi pmvky' zd`timíe`hyd k qkgmkz gk ymptkimùe ymptkimùe `d dndzbdeimk üemikndepd% Qhz dypd nhpmvh dy edidykzmh dypkjgdidz te ymypdnk `d nhemphzdh' qzd`miimùe } nkedlh `d gky yd{tîky' dyqdimkgndepd de gky |heky `he`d ghy `íomimp fî`zmihy yhe ydnm qdznkedepdy ihnh dg Ifkih% Gk Gtifk `d gk @dydzpmomikimùe de Qkzkbtk} de dg kûh g==?' otd zkpmomik`k GK IHE_DEIMHE @D GKY EKIMHEDY TEM@K@KY @D GTIFK IHEPZK GK @DYDZPMOMIKIMÙE qhz gd} =21(=?% Kiptkgndepd dg Qgke `d kiimùe Ekimhekg `d gtifk ihepzk gk @dydzpmomikimùe dypë de yt dpkqk `d qzdqkzkimùe de gk Ydizdpkzë `dg Knjmdepd qzùmnh k ydz qtjgmik`h%
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QKZPD MMM PKGGDZ EKIMHEKG @D GK _MYMÙE @D GHY ZDITZYHY FÎ@ZMIHY @DG QKZKBTK] Ihnh qkzpd `d gk iheypztiimùe `d gk _mymùe Ghikg' de odifk 1; `d ltgmh `d :110 yd zdkgm|ù te Pkggdz ihe gk qkzpmimqkimùe `d 4; píiemihy `d `mvdzyky meypmptimhedy qüjgmiky' qzmvk`ky } kik`ínmiky% Dg dvdeph otd hzbkem|k`h qhz gk zdqzdydepkimùe píiemik ghikg `dg IMI de Qkzkbtk} &@BQIZF ’ YDKN- } gk Ote`kimùe qkzk dg @dykzzhggh `d gk Mebdemdzîk &OTE@KMEBD- ihe kqh}h `dg Idepzh `d Meehvkimùe Pdiehgùbmik `d gk Okitgpk` `d Mebdemdzîk ’ TEK &IMPDI.OMTEK- } gk Kyhimkimùe Qkzkbtk}k `d Zditzyhy Zdit zyhy Fî`zmihy &KQZF-% De dg dvdeph yd qzdydepù dg meohznd `d `mkbeùypmih &Qkzpd MM `d dypd `hitndeph- } de jkyd k gk iheohznkimùe `d imeih bztqhy pdnëpmihy yd hjptvmdzhe ghy gmedknmdephy qkzk gk _mymùe {td iheypmpt}de gky iheigtymhedy } zdihnde`kimhedy `dg qzdydepd meohznd% ;9%
IHEIGTYMHEDY ] ZDIHNDE@KIMHEDY ZDIHNDE@KIMHEDY
Qkzk dg ydiphz `d Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy' `d kitdz`h kg `mkbehypmih zdbmypzk`h de dg `hitndeph jkyd `d gk vmymùe' yd fk ehpk`h gk okgpk `d qgkemomikimùe `d gky kiimhedy k emvdg ekimhekg' } gk okgpk `d tek qhgîpmik `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy' kyî nmynh dg itnqgmnmdeph `d ghy zhgdy meypmptimhekgdy' gk edidym`k` `d ohzpkgdimnmdeph `d gky meypmptimhedy bdyphzky {td yhe dg bhjmdzeh idepzkg' gky bhjdzekimhedy } ghy ntemimqmhy } dg ohzpkgdimnmdeph `d gky ikqkim`k`dy ikqkim`k`d y ghikgdy qkzk te qzhidyh domimdepd `d `dyidepzkgm|kimùe' {td qdznmpk gk bdypmùe mepdbzk`k } yhypdemjgd `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy qhz itdeiky fm`zhbzëomiky% Yd zdihnmde`k ndlhzkz gky nd`mimhedy fm`zhndpdhzhgùbmiky d fm`zhnípzmiky fm`zhnípzmik y k emvdg ekimhekg } de qkzpmitgkz gky ytjitdeiky `d ghy zîhy qzmeimqkgdy `d nh`h k ikzkipdzm|kz dg zditzyh kbtk } ikpdbhzm|kz ghy kqzhvdifknmdephy qhz pzknhy% @depzh `d dypk gîedk pknjmíe yd iheym`dzk mnqhzpkepd `dykzzhggkz nh`dghy `d qzd`miimùe fm`zhgùbmik } `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk k ome `d gk igkymomikimùe igk ymomikimùe `dg tyh `dg kbtk qhz pzknhy `d ghy itzyhy ogtvmkgdy% De gh {td yd zdomdzd k gk ekvdbkimùe' yd zdihnmde`k mnqgdndepkz ehznky `d ekvdbkimùe {td dvmpde gk ihepknmekimùe ihe gky kbtky `d gkypzd% K`dnëy yd iheym`dzk {td gk fm`zhvîk dy te nd`mh diheùnmih `d ekvdbkimùe ykgvkbtkz`ke`h ykgvkbtkz`ke` h ghy qzhjgdnky knjmdepkgdy {td kikzzdk yt mnqgdndepkimùe% K ihepmetkimùe yd qzdydepke ghy zdytgpk`hy `dg Pkggdz Ekimhekg qkzk gk Iheypztiimùe `d gk _mymùe< ;9%;
Bztqh ;< Tyh `dg Kbtk kiptkgdy } qhpdeimkgdy de dg Qkzkbtk}
Gk qzhjgdnëpmik `dg kbtk de Qkzkbtk} eh dy gk ikepm`k` ymeh nky jmde gk ikgm`k` } dg nkedlh `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy `dg qkîy% Gk qzmhzm`k` dy dg kjkypdimnmdeph ftnkeh ydbtm`h `dg tyh kbzîihgk' gtdbh kemnkg } qhz tgpmnh me`typzmkg% Gk okgpk `d tek qhgîpmik `d kbtk `domem`k qkzk gk qzhpdiimùe } iheydzvkimùe `dg zditzyh fk ggdvk`h k te dypk`h `d `dpdzmhzh de kgbteky itdeiky } ytj.itdeiky' dyqdimkgndepd de gky ëzdky tzjkeky `dg qkîy% Yme dnjkzbh dg kbtk dy te meypztndeph `d `dykzzhggh zdbmhekg qhz pkeph yt kqzhvdifknmdeph hz`dek`h ytypdepkjgd } _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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yhypdemjgd yd fkid edidykzmh% Gk tjmikimùe bdhbzëomik `d Qkzkbtk} de gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk dy dypzkpíbmik qkzk gk Bdypmùe Mepdbzk`k `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy `d gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk% KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H •
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Izdkimùe `d te hzbkemynh píiemih qkzk dg ihepzhg } gk dlditimùe `d gky qhgîpmiky `d tyh `dg kbtk &ihnh zditzyh } ihnh ydzvmimhDypkjgdimnmdeph `d gky itdeiky fm`zhbzëomiky qhz ikpdbhzîky qkzk dg nkedlh } dvkgtkimùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy%
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Jkgkeid Fî`zmih de ph`ky gky itdeiky' qkzk dvkgtkz gky hodzpky } `dnke`ky `d kbtk%
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Igkymomikimùe `dg tyh `d gky kbtky qhz itdeiky `d kitdz`h k gk ikgm`k`%
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@dyidepzkgm|kimùe `d gk Bdypmùe `dg Kbtk de Bhjdzekimhedy } Ntemimqmhy%
KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H •
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Dvkgtkimùe `dg tyh qhpdeimkg `dg kbtk de ik`k itdeik } dypkjgdimnmdeph' jklh gdbmygkimùe' `dg tyh qzmhzmpkzmh `d ghy zditzyhy `d gk itdeik% Ktndeph `dg emvdg `d ihjdzptzk `d ymypdnky `d kgikepkzmggk`h ykempkzmh } ghy pzkpknmdephy `d dogtdepdy qzhqhzimhekgndepd kg izdimnmdeph `dnhbzëomih% Ndlhzkz gk qzdvmymùe } qzd`miimùe `d ikt`kgdy } emvdgdy `d ghy itzyhy fî`zmihy%
KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H •
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;9%:
Dgkjhzkimùe `d qzhbzknky `d ihepzhg ymypdnëpmih } kqgmikimùe `d píiemiky qzhjk`ky qkzk dg keëgmymy d mepdzqzdpkimùe `d `kphy yhjzd gk ikepm`k`' gk ikgm`k` `dg kbtk } yt vkzmd`kgm`k`% Dypt`mh `d gky kbtky pdznkgdy pdznk gdy ihnh dedzbîk kgpdzekpmvk @mydûkz ndikemynhy `d zdbtgkimùe `dg tyh `dg kbtk bkzkepm|ke`h dg kiidyh kg nmynh qkzk ghy ydiphzdy yhimkgdy ndehy okvhzdim`hy &kiidyh k kbtk ydbtzk-% Bztqh MM< Tyh `d gk Pmdzzk(Kbzhqditkzmk
Dg hz`deknmdeph hz `deknmdeph pdzzmphzmkg dy gk qzmhzm`k` de dg qkîy' gk `mypzmjtimùe fî`zmik eh dy temohznd de ph`h dg pdzzmphzmh' dmypde zdbmhedy kodipk`hy qhz dodiphy `d gk ekptzkgd|k ihnh gk yd{tîk } `dydzpmomikimùe } hpzky qhz dg nkg nkedlh `dg fhnjzd `d ghy zditzyhy ekptzkgdy% Yd iheym`dzk me`myqdeykjgd dg ohzpkgdimnmdeph `d ghy hzbkemynhy de ghy `mypmephy emvdgdy ltzmy`miimhekgdy `dg dypk`h ihe gk qkzpmimqkimùe `d ghy `modzdepdy kiphzdy yhimkgdy k}t`kzk kg `dykzzhggh yhypdemjgd yhjzd gk jkyd `d tek qhgîpmik knjmdepkg qkzk dg hz`deknmdeph pdzzmphzmkg' phnke`h ihnh dld dg zditzyh kbtk% _mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H •
Fkidz itnqgmz qhz gky ktphzm`k`dy ihnqdpdepdy gky gd}dy } zdbtgkimhedy qdzpmedepdy% @d vmpkg mnqhzpkeimk qkzk dg zditzyh fî`zmih dy gk qzhpdiimùe `d tek ozkelk `d ;11 n% `d gky ekimdepdy } itdzqhy `d kbtk &Gd} 0::(29 } zdyhgtimùe ;6%69;(6?-%
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Ehznky `d qzhpdiimùe `d itzyhy `d kbtk de ëzdky `d itgpmvh mepdeymvh%
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Jkyd `d `kphy `d tyhy `d ghy ytdghy qkzk nhemphzdh
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Ndlhzkz gk ihjdzptzk `d nhemphzdh `d `kphy igmnëpmihy de |heky `d itgpmvhy
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Meidepmvkz `dy`d dg Dypk`h ghy qgkedy `d zdohzdypkimùe `dy`d dg qteph `d vmypk `d iheydzvkimùe } eh `dy`d dg qteph `d vmypk `d gk dqghpkimùe ohzdypkg% Pdedz de itdepk {td `d ghy mnqkiphy qzh`tim`hy qhz dg kbtk' gk yd{tîk pmded dodiphy yhimh ’ diheùnmihy ihe zdgkimùe k gk kbzhqditkzmk nëy edbkpmvhy {td gk mete`kimùe% Mnqgdndepkz te qgke `d nhemphzdh `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk ihe zdyqdiph kg tyh `d qdypmim`ky } odzpmgm|kepdy {tînmihy de itdzqhy `d kbtk ytqdzomimkg } ytjpdzzëedky de ëzdky `d kbzmitgptzk ndikem|k`k' de ëzdky `d itgpmvh `d kgbh`ùe } fhzpmitgptzk%
KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H •
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;9%9
Phnkz nd`m`ky pde`mdepdy k dypkjgdidz ghy iknjmhy de dg tyh `dg ytdgh' jkyk`h de te qgke `d hz`deknmdeph pdzzmphzmkg' jkyk`h de dg iheidqph dyqkimkg `d itdeiky fm`zhgùbmiky' pkeph phqhbzëomiky ihnh bdhgùbmiky% Iknqkûk `d d`tikimùe knjmdepkg ’ ohznkg d meohznkg de dg ëzdk kbzîihgk% Gk kitmitgptzk `djd ydz iheym`dzk`k ihnh kgpdzekpmvk k ghy ytjym`mhy k ghy qdyik`hzdy de íqhiky `d vd`k% Bztqh MMM< Fm`zhvîk' Fm`z hvîk' Dedzbîk } Yd`mndephy
Ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy `d ghy dihymypdnky `djde ydz k`nmemypzk`hy } qzdydzvk`hy yhjzd tek t ek jkyd `d te ndlhz ihehimnmdeph iheh imnmdeph `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph oîymih' igmnëpmih } yty iheyditdeimky' jtyike`h dg d{tmgmjzmh kznùemih } yhypdemjgd depzd ghy kyqdiphy diheùnmihy yhimkgdy } dihgùbmihy% Dg tyh `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy qkzk gk ekvdbkimùe } gk fm`zhdedzbîk `djd bkzkepm|kz gk yhypdemjmgm`k` `dg zditzyh de dg pmdnqh% KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H •
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Ndlhzkz ghy qzheùypmihy ndpdhzhgùbmihy &`mypzmjtimùe dyqkimkg' pdnqhzkg } ikepm`k`-' igmnëpmihy d fm`zhgùbmihy% Ndlhzkz dg ihehimnmdeph `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph `d gky ytjitdeiky meigt}de`h gk kqgmikimùe `d zd`dy `d nhemphzdh igmnëpmihy d fm`zhgùbmihy ihe qk`zhedy ihnqkzkjgdy
_mymùe `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de Qkzkbtk} _mymheQkzkbtk}XMeohzndOMEKGXehv10
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KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H •
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Mnqgdndepkz dg tyh nügpmqgd `dg kqzhvdifknmdeph fm`zhgùbmih% @dykzzhggkz mevdypmbkimhedy qkzk ihepzhgkz gk dqkeymùe `d ghy dodiphy `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h
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Ikgm`k` `d Kbtk qhz pzknhy de ghy iktidy fî`zmihy
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Iheym`dzkz gk pzkeyvdzykgm`k` `dg tyh `dg kbtk
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_mkjmgm|kz dg kqzhvdifknmdeph nügpmqgd `dg kbtk de gky meozkdypztiptzky dmypdepdy
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Bztqh M_< Jmh`mvdzym`k` } Kb Kbtk tk
De dg qkîy } gk zdbmùe' gk bdedzkimùe `dg ihehimnmdeph ihehimnmde ph imdepîomih `d gk jmh`mvdzym`k` } gk `motymùe `d ghy nmynhy' dy dydeimkgndepd mnqhzpkepd' kyî ihnh dg bzk`h `d ihehimnmdeph k`{tmzm`h `dg oteimheknmdeph `d ghy dihymypdnky ekptzkgdy' gh {td qdznmpmzë gk tpmgm|kimùe kznùemik `d ghy nmynhy% KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H •
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M`depmomikz gk `mvdzym`k` kitëpmik `dg Ymypdnk% @dykzzhggkz qzhbzknky `d nmpmbkimùe `d mete`kimùe } yd{tîky' kpde`mde`h gk mnqhzpkeimk `d gk jmh`mvdzym`k` de knjmdepdy ihypdzhy &dyptkzmhy' zmjdzky } ftnd`kgdy-% @dykzzhggkz mevdypmbkimhedy qkzk ihepzhgkz gk dqkeymùe `d ghy dodiphy `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h% Ndlhzkz gk ihnqzdeymùe `dg mnqkiph diheùnmih zdbmhekg `d gk kitmitgptzk% Ndlhzkz ghy ymypdnky `d `zdekld de hjzky vmkgdy {td mepdzidqpke iktidy } ymypdnky fî`zmihy ihnh ghy ftnd`kgdy%
KIIMHEDY K ND@MKEH QGK\H •
Ndlhzkz dg ihehimnmdeph `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph fî`zmih `dg ymypdnk
KIIMHEDY K GKZBH QGK\H •
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Iheym`dzkz gk pzkeyvdzykgm`k` `dg tyh `dg kbtk% Mnqgdndepkz dg tyh nügpmqgd `dg kqzhvdifknmdeph fm`zhgùbmih' meigt}de`h ghy ihzzd`hzdy jmhgùbmihy%
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KIIMHEDY K IHEYM@DZKZ ’ YTBDZDEIMKY •
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Dypt`mhy `d qhjgkimùe `d dyqdimdy jmhgùbmiky } yt kodipkimùe qhz ghy iknjmhy igmnëpmihy } `d ikgm`k` `d kbtk% Qzhbzknky `d nkedlh mepdbzk`h `d ytj itdeiky deohik`h k gk qzhpdiimùe `d ghy zditzyhy fî`zmihy' qzhpdbmde`h gk jmh`mvdzym`k`% @dykzzhggkz ëzdky qmghphy `d ihepzhg jmhgùbmih `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h% Qzh}diph `d mevdypmbkimùe yhjzd kitntgkimùe `d ndpkgdy qdyk`hy de dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h } yt nhemphzdh de gky dyqdimdy `dqzd`k`hzky% Mevdypmbkimùe yhjzd gk zdgkimùe depzd nmizh phmeky } dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h% M`depmomikz |heky `d zmdybh yhjzd ikgm`k` `d kbtk de ghy imeih qkîydy' dypt`mhy yhjzd gk ihepknmekimùe yhjzd nmizh phmeky% Mnqtgykz gk izîk ihepzhgk`k `d dyqdimdy ymgvdypzdy &kitëpmih- ihe vkghz diheùnmih% Bztqh _< Bdypmùe `d Dvdephy Dpzdnhy } dg Kbtk
Gk Bdypmùe Yhypdemjgd `d ghy Zditzyhy Fî`zmihy de gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk' yhgh ydzë vmkjgd ohndepke`h dyotdz|hy iheltephy de ghy qkîydy `d gk Itdeik `dg Qgkpk' } jtyike`h dg `dykzzhggh diheùnmih } yhimkg jkyk`h de gk Yhypdemjmgm`k` Knjmdepkg% De dypd ihepdph dy ote`kndepkg iheym`dzkz ghy Qgkedy `d Ihepmebdeimk } Bdypmùe `d Dvdephy Dpzdnhy pdemde`h de itdepk ghy mnqkiphy qhz gk vkzmkjmgm`k` } ghy iknjmhy igmnëpmihy% Gk vtgedzkjmgm`k` knjmdepkg' yhimkg } diheùnmik qhz ghy zmdybhy ekptzkgdy h `dzmvk`hy `d gk mepdzvdeimùe kepzùqmik zd{tmdzd gk qzhpdiimùe `d ghy bzke`dy dihymypdnky ekptzkgdy' gk `mynmetimùe `d zmdybhy `dzmvk`hy `d gk mepdzvdeimùe kepzùqmik } k`kqpkz gky itdeiky k ghy `dykoîhy `d ghy iknjmhy igmnëpmihy d m`depmomikimùe `d ghy iktykgdy% KIIMHEDY K IHZPH QGK\H •
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Qhgîpmik `d Dypk`h de ZF' {td ihe`t|ik k te hz`deknmdeph meypmptimhekg' ihe ikqkim`k` omekeimdzk } píiemik Qzdqkzkz } kqzhjkz gk gdbmygkimùe yhjzd ZF Dg nkedlh `d ZF qhz itdeiky fm`zhbzëomiky `djd meigtmz gk bdypmùe qkzk ihepmebdeimk } bdypmùe `d dvdephy dpzdnhy ihnh gky yd{tîky } gky mete`kimhedy% Ymypdnk `d meohznkimùe temomik`k k emvdg `d meypmptimhedy `dg qkîy } gk itdeik ' idepzh qzhqtdyph de dg ihzk|ùe `d gk itdeik &KyteimùeMnqgdndepkz qk`zhedy ihnqkzkjgdy depzd ghy qkîydy de gky Zd`dy `d Hjydzvkimùe Fm`zh igmnëpmik `d gk itdeik%
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@dykzzhggkz qgkedy `mzdiphzdy `d kbtky qgtvmkgdy de idepzhy tzjkehy
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Dvkgtkz mnqkiphy `d gk vkzmkjmgm`k` } iknjmhy igmnëpmihy de ghy ydiphzdy< dedzbípmih' kbzîihgk } tzjkeh% M`depmomikz kiimhedy `d ihepmebdeimk% vmeitgk`k k ghy zditzyhy qdy{tdzhy% Dypkjgdidz dypt`mhy qhjgkimhekgdy `d ghy zditzyhy îipmihy de pzknhy `d zîhy pzkeyozhepdzm|hy' k ome `d dvmpkz yhjzd dqghpkimùe
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Mnqgdndepkz tek zd` nîemnk `d hjydzvkimùe fm`zhndpdhzhghbmik qkzk nhemphzdh%
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@mvtgbkimùe zëqm`k `d meohznkimùe k emvdg meypmptimhekg% } zdbmhekg
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YD QZDYDEPK GK GMYPK DE HZ@DE @D MNQHZPKEIMK< M`depmomikz gk `mvdzym`k` kitëpmik `dg Ymypdnk Iheym`dzkz gk pzkeyvdzykgm`k` `dg tyh `dg kbtk Mnqgdndepkz dg tyh nügpmqgd `dg kqzhvdifknmdeph Fm`zhgùbmih @dykzzhggkz qzhbzknky `d nmpmbkimùe `d mete`kimùe } yd{tîky Ndlhzk ghy ymypdnky `d `zdekld de ikzzdpdzky @dykzzhggkz mevdypmbkimhedy qkzk ihepzhgkz gk dqkeymùe `d ghy dodiphy `dg ndlmggùe `hzk`h Ndlhzkz' dg ihehimnmdeph `dg ihnqhzpknmdeph fî`zmih `dg ymypdnk Ndlhzkz gk ihnqzdeymùe `dg mnqkiph diheùnmih zdbmhekg `d gk kitmitgptzk
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