Viewpoints 2 Workbook

Grammar Review Present Simple and Present Continuous 1. Choose the correct answer.

1. I’m angry with William. I am not talking / don’t talk to him.

Past Simple and Past Continuous 4. Write sentences using the words below. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?

2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower.

Was your brother watching TV when you got home?

3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.

2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ?

4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty?

5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.

Did you finish the English homework yesterday? 3. I / not eat sushi / when / I / in Japan / last year / .

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

sets

1. The sun

2. Please don’t disturb me. I (study). 3. I still

(set) in the west.

4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / .

am studying

don’t know (not know) the answer. Do go you always

4. (go) to the cinema on Friday nights?

are 5. We Sunday. 6. How much

having

Last year, Susie was working in a shop while she was studying. 5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.

(have) a picnic next

does

weigh

I didn’t eat sushi when I was in Japan last year.

this parcel

(weigh)?

[email protected]

Dear Rob,

3. Complete the school newsletter page with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Coming Soon … Don’t forget! Our school 1. is participating (participate) in the annual Community Action Day on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer! Mark your calendar: The Film Club 2. meets (meet) every Monday at 3. are showing 8 pm. Next week, they 4. stars (show) Up in the Air. It (star) George Clooney.

Do want 5. you (want) to learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef is offering from Angie’s Restaurant 6. (offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all interested students. Contact Mona in the office for details.

You’re lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands began concert last night. It 1. (begin) 2. refused badly. The organisers (refuse) to open the doors to the arena early, even though it 3. was snowing (snow) heavily. Then, when let they finally 4. (let) people in, 5. went nearly everyone (go) to the coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what? The espresso machines 6. weren’t working didn’t get (not work). Things 7. (not get) better during the concert. All of the bands 8. sounded (sound) terrible because there was something wrong with the sound system. And while the last band 9. was playing (play), the 10. went out lights suddenly (go out). Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket! See you on Friday, Gina.

Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books

Grammar Review

Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple

6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

8. Complete the sentences with a time expression below.

1. Sherry doesn’t know how to ride a bicycle. (never)

1. A: London’s one of my favourite cities. What do you think of it?

Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).

2. I didn’t know Dan until three years ago. (for)

I have known Dan for three years.

3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the cinema. (after)

I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend before last night. / Before last night, I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend.

5. I didn’t see Anne at the school picnic. She left before I arrived. (by the time)

B: I don’t know. I’ve

never

been there.

2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?

B: No, thanks. I’ve

already read it twice.

3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today? Jane went to the cinema after she had finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday . her work, she went to the cinema.

4. I met Rob’s new girlfriend for the first time last night. (before)

in 2004 • already • yesterday • just never • then • yet

By the time I arrived at the school picnic, Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time I arrived at the school picnic.

7. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple.

During the past decade, the increasing presence of has led mobile phones 1. (lead) to a rise in public discussion related to their use. In recent years, have done researchers 2. (do) studies on their possible health effects. And lately, many places 3. have made (make) it illegal to hold a phone while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem of mobiles is rude behaviour – including loud, personal conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. During a play in New York in September 2009, the play’s two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 4. shouted (shout) at a man in the audience rang when his mobile phone not only 5. 6. didn’t silence (ring) several times, but he (not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, called once 7. (call) a man to complain 8. had forced ” (forced) her to listen that he “ to his loud conversation earlier that day in a café. How 9. did get she (get) his phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call, wrote and Ms Alkon simply 10. (write) it down.

4. A: Have you already been to the library?

B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and we went to the shopping centre.

then

5. A: How long have you had your dog?

B: We got him puppy.

in 2004 , when he was a

6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?

B: I’m not sure. She hasn’t decided

yet

.

7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few minutes ago. Hurry up – open it!

just B: Wait a minute. I’ve walked through the door. I want a cup of coffee first!

9. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.

heard (hear) of the Klingon you language? It is a language featured in many of the Star Trek films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist, 2. invented (invent) Klingon in the early 1.

Have

1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with Star Trek fans. Since then, they 3. have bought (buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon wrote dictionary that Okrand 4. (write). 5. have established In addition, they (establish) Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also 6. have published (publish) books and released CDs on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play began Hamlet, a project that 7. (begin) 8. greeted several years ago. They probably (greet) that news by saying, buy' ngop. That’s Klingon for “That’s great news!”


Future Simple, be going to and Present Continuous with Future Meaning 10. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Present Continuous or be going to. There may be more than one possible answer.

A: 1. Are / Are / Will you (see) Bill tonight?

seeing / going to see / see

A: Do you know what Bill 3.

is doing / is going to do (do)? will

B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history am going to study exam. B: I’m not sure, but he 4. play probably games with his brother.

(play) computer

is bringing /

A: Who 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the picnic on Saturday? B: David 6. is going to make /(make) is making enough sandwiches for everyone. And he 7. is also going to stop (stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps. A: OK. So I 8.

will bring

B: Good. Do you think we (need) anything else?

9.

(bring) fizzy drinks.

will need

A: I don’t think so.

1. Those are beautiful earrings. (Mum / love / them)

1. By this time tomorrow night, John will have played in his 100th game for our team, but he hopes that at this time next year, he will be scoring goals for Manchester City.

will be going 2. I really miss Sue. I know I to visit her in three months’ time, but by then, we won’t have seen each other for six months. 3. I won’t because I then.

be running in the race on Sunday won’t have enough by practiced

4. By the end of the week, he will have bought furniture, and on will be moving into his Saturday, he new flat. omplete the dialogues with the correct form 13. C of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense. There may be more than one possible answer.

Mum will love them.

I’m going to move there in a few months.

3. We have got plenty of time. (we / not be / late)

is going to visit /

B: She will be visiting (visit) her boyfriend’s family in France in the summer.

will B: In that case, I tea instead of coffee.

have

(have)

3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow morning?

will B: After ten. I breakfast by then.

have had

(have)

4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?

We won’t be late.

4. Relax. (you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow) You will pass the driving test tomorrow. 5. Be careful! (you / spill / the coffee)

buy • not practise • play • score • go not see • move • not run

2. A: I’m sorry, but there’s no more milk.

2. I can’t wait to move to New York! (I / move / there / in a few months)

12. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous or Future Perfect.

1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French?

11. Write a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.

Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous

B: Yes. I am going to go / (go) to a am going basketball game with my dad.

5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge?

B: Yes, and in a moment, we are going to drive / (drive) over it.

will be driving

You’re going to spill the coffee!

6. A: I’m looking forward to seeing Laura tonight.

B: Oh, I forgot to tell you. She isn’t coming / (not come).

isn’t going to come


Grammar Review

Review of Tenses

omplete the passage with the correct form 16. C of the verbs in brackets.

1 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or time expression below.

how long • by then • while • never in the future • always • when at three in the morning 1. We’re bringing Sam at ten o’clock tonight. By then , all the guests will have arrived for his surprise party. 2. Why was your dog barking

at three in the morning? always 3. She goes to the yoga class on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher. 4. She’s an excellent windsurfer. I think she’ll win a lot of championships in the future .

How long

5.

6. Did you cry

have you known Rita?

when

the film ended?

7. Janis was talking on the phone while she was cutting vegetables.

never 8. I’ve journal. It’s private.

let anyone read my

1 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. Make any necessary changes.

1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before)

Have you been to San Francisco before?

2. When did you move into this flat? (how long)

How long have you lived in this flat?

3. I watched a film during the flight. (while)

While we were flying, I watched a film. / I watched a film while we were flying.

4. Those are my sunglasses. (belong)

Those sunglasses belong to me.

5. What is that delicious smell? (smells)

What smells delicious?

W

caught hen Jamie Oliver 1. (catch) the public’s attention in 1999 with his first television series The Naked Chef, he was only 23 years old. By that time, despite his young age, already had he 2. (already / have) ten years of cooking experience. Since the series 3. ended (end) in 2001, Oliver 4. has built (build) an impressive 5. employs business empire that (employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver 6. has already written (already / write) ten cookery books, and 7. will probably write (probably / write) more in the coming years. But more importantly, is using / uses Oliver 8. (use) his fame and fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating. established In 2002, he 9. (establish) the Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young people in restaurant work. Among the foundation’s “graduates” are former drug addicts and youth who 10. were (be) once in trouble with the law. Oliver’s 2005 television series about the poor quality of Britain’s school lunch programme eventually 11. led (lead) to the government providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008 series Jamie’s Ministry of Food used a reality-show format to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply. are waiting Millions of fans 12. (wait) to see what he’ll do next – but with his history, there’s little doubt that it will be both entertaining and educational.

6. He finished the report on Thursday night and handed it in on Friday. (the night before)

On Friday he handed in the report which / that he had finished the night before.


2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.

Across 2. T here are so many people here! How will we find Jenny in this ? 4. If I were an house.

, I would buy an enormous

5. I hope your with Johnny Depp ends soon! I’m tired of hearing about him!

Fame

8. M y sister met Bono, and got his box.

on a CD

9. I don’t care about the latest fashion I wear what I like.

Vocabulary

10. M y father’s a scientist, and his Einstein.

.

is Albert

Down 1. C hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1.

We had such a lavish lunch that I was afterwards. a. hungry b. very full

2.

Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he grew up to be a very man. a. considerate b. self-centred

3.

Prince Charles often makes controversial statements that . a. please everyone b. make some people angry

4.

They’re asking an outrageous price for this flat. It’s . a. very reasonable b. far too high

5. T hat politician is notorious for a. his many love affairs b. improving the economy 6.

.

She used to be quite wealthy, but she’s lost a lot of recently. a. money b. weight

1. T here was a lot of entrance exams.

before the university

2. J ake is part of the film electrician.

. He’s an assistant

3. T he actor Christian Bale got some bad when a tape was released of him shouting at someone on a film set. 6. R obert and his their wedding.

finally decided on a date for

7. often print lies and rumours about celebrities. 1

p

3

r u h e i r b s l s 5 6 7 i n f a t u a t r a c i i a e b t n l 8 a u t o y c i é 9 10 r e n d t i d s p


4

2

c

r o w d

r e s s w i

o n

g r a p h o l

Unit 1 3. W rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.

F 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym. A bodyguard is a person who protects someone. T 2. A role model is someone we admire.

T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them.

F 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at street markets.

breath • blind • for granted • eye wild • by surprise 1. When we can

eye

A passer-by is someone who passes / walks by on the street.

F 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves. When we gossip, we talk about others. 4. C omplete the passage with the words and phrases below.

straight • pursue • willing • emerges drive • instant • in the spotlight talent scouts

Gorgeous George

in the spotlight for years as George Clooney has been a film star. But he didn’t climb 2. straight to the top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. instant star. 1.

When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career, 4.talent scouts weren’t interested in him. But he had a lot 5. drive of and was 6. willing to take small roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994, when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, ER. Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became a star. Since then, he’s had to cope with the problems fame can bring – and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who 7. pursue him whenever he 8. emerges in public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life. With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and private lives better than most Hollywood stars.

catch

the waiter’s , let’s ask for the bill.

take good health for granted until we become ill.

2. Most of us

T 4. Fans of someone worship that person.

5. Complete the sentences with a suitable collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take, go or catch and the words and phrases below.

3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to catch my breath . 4. Why are they letting their children go wild ? They’re disturbing everyone.

going 5. Jack’s dog is won’t be able to see.

blind

and soon

6. I never expected to win the contest. It really took me by surprise . 6. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns and adjectives. Make any necessary changes.

entertainment(entertain) industry,

1. Tom is in the and lives in a

luxurious (luxury) home. 2. That performer (perform) often attends charity events for good publicity (public). 3. She cares a lot about her appearance (appear), and only wears fashionable (fashion) clothes. 4. In most places, political (politics) campaigns are very expensive (expense). 5. There’s a special sales promotion (promote) this week. If you buy two CDs by the same musician (music), you get a third one free. 6. We had a delightful (delight) time yesterday at theperformance(perform). 7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

1. If I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to

Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers

.

2. I was overwhelmed when

.

3. My friends and I sometimes gossip about . 4. One of my role models is

.

5. I have to catch my breath when I .


Grammar 1. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.

1. I’m surprised that Lesley doesn’t know any French. How long been living (live) in Paris?

has

she

had been sleeping (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise. 3. She had been performing(perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films. 4. The band have been recording(record) their new CD for the past two months. Have 5. they been arguing (argue)? They look upset. 2. We

2. C omplete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).

did Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. feel you (feel) when your name was announced? have wanted Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2. (want) to win this award since I was a child, and I still don’t believe I won! Did enjoy Reporter: 3. you (enjoy) the ceremony? Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans who 4. had been waiting (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet. have you been working (work) on for the past few months? Reporter: Now, what 5. 6. have been relaxing Actress: Nothing! I (relax) for these last few months! But lately, 7. have been considering I (consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years, have done I 8. (do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and I’d like to try something different. Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film! 3. R ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever)

4. I finished most of my homework. Then I went out. (after)

2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since)

Madonna has been performing since 1977.

5. W hen did he start to play for Manchester City? (how long)

They released their last CD three years ago. / Their last CD was released three years ago.

Have you ever visited a film set? / Have you ever been to a film set before?

3. They haven’t released a new CD for three years. (ago)

After I had finished most of my homework, I went out. / I went out after I had finished most of my homework. How long has he been playing for Manchester City?

4. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives. One verb is used more than once.

buy • watch • begin • achieve • be

to watch the YouTube clip I sent you. 2. Sally is eager to begin her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped to buy a bottle of water. being 4. Believe it or not, wealthy doesn’t solve all of life’s problems. 5. Achieving fame is an important goal for some people. 6. I stopped buying bottled water in order to save money. 1. Don’t forget

10 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books

Unit 1 5. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. There may be more than one correct answer.

7. Correct the errors.

1. I’m tired of this game. We’re playing since noon.

2. She was directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a film.

Working for the Stars With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs 1. to take (take) responsibility for a great deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting 2.to meet / meeting (meet) famous people, it’s not always easy 3. working / (work) for them. Some stars are to work being (be) spoilt, which makes notorious for 4. them extremely demanding bosses. In addition, 5. working (work) for a celebrity often means extremely long hours and includes 6. travelling (travel) with them – leaving very little free time for oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and fun – and provides a way 7. to observe (observe) the private life of a celebrity.

6. R ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. S am didn’t think of thanking us for all our help. (remember)

Sam didn’t remember to thank us for all our help.

2. S heri used to sing in a band, but she hasn’t done that for years. (stopped)

Sheri stopped singing in a band years ago.

3. I didn’t go straight home. I bought milk on the way. (stopped)

I stopped to buy milk on the way home. / On the way home, I stopped to buy milk.

4. I don’t think that I’ve ever met your parents. (remember)

I don’t remember ever meeting your parents.

5. I am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last week. (regret)

I regret to inform you that Mr Smith died last week.

6. I shouldn’t have eaten so much last night. (regret)

I regret eating so much last night.

She had been directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a film.

3. Be famous is all she is interested in.

Being famous is all she is interested in.

4. I didn’t forget writing my essay and hand it in on time.

I didn’t forget to write my essay and hand it in on time.

5. She had never dreamed of win Britain’s Got Talent.

She had never dreamed of winning Britain’s Got Talent.

8. Translate the sentences.

1. Tabloids have been printing articles about David and Victoria Beckham for years.

Los periódicos sensacionalistas han estado publicando artículos sobre David y Victoria Beckham durante años.

2. I regret saying those things to him.

I’m tired of this game. We’ve been playing since noon.

Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas cosas.

3. We had been trying to buy concert tickets for two hours when we lost the Internet connection.

Llevábamos dos horas intentando comprar entradas para el concierto cuando perdimos la conexión a Internet. 4. Have you been doing yoga for a long time? ¿Has estado haciendo yoga durante mucho tiempo? / ¿Llevas mucho tiempo haciendo yoga?

5. They had been studying for weeks, so they went wild when the exams were over.

Habían estado estudiando durante semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando, así que se desmadraron cuando se acabaron los exámenes.

Grammar Review

9. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Jim is an incredible guitarist! How long has he been playing (play)? 2. I miss you. I for a month!

haven’t seen

(not see) you

3. Mary wants fan club.

to join

(join) the Blur

meeting 4. Did Steve suggest for dinner before the film?

(meet)

5. Witnesses said that photographers had been pursuing(pursue) Julia Roberts for about five minutes before she shouted at them.


reading

Promoting the Stars

1. L ook at the title of the text and the pictures. What do you think the text is about?

public relations for stars / trying to get publicity for stars

2. Now read the text and check your answer. 3. Find words in the text that mean:

1. harmful (paragraph 2) 2. not obvious (paragraph 2) 3. planned (paragraph 3) 4. necessary (paragraph 4)

damaging subtle orchestrated essential

4. Choose the correct answer.

1.

When a celebrity gets “ink”, it means ... . a. they’ve got a problem b. they receive only bad publicity c. they have got a publicist d. they’re written about

2.

The Wall Street Journal ... . a. published the first photo of Tom Cruise’s wife b. denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures c. orchestrated fake paparazzi photos d. reported on the phenomenon of fake paparazzi photos

5. W rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Find information in the text to support your answers.

F 1. Surprisingly, new technology has had little effect on media coverage of celebrities.

“… not surprisingly, in this age of … mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, there’s often too much ‘ink’ …” F 2. A subtle response to bad publicity is to issue a statement.

“This can be done directly, such as releasing a statement ... . Or a more subtle approach can be taken …” T 3. Fake paparazzi photos account for about 50% of published celebrity photos.

Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a person, company, product or idea by generating media and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars seem to have the easiest job in PR because “getting ink” (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, there’s often too much “ink”, and it’s not always positive or to the stars’ liking. That’s why a big part of a celebrity publicist’s job is to help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as by releasing a statement responding to the published information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken by gradually shifting attention to different, positive aspects of the stars’ lives, such as their involvement with charitable or social causes. In addition, some stars and their publicists have found a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids at their own game: they hire their own photographers or give paparazzi advance notice so they can “catch” a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of an American gossip magazine recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category. According to an article in the respected business newspaper, The Wall Street Journal, examples of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital with her first baby and the world’s first glimpse of Tom Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes. Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about their public image or what the tabloids print. But for those who do care, publicists are essential.

“… recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category.” 6. Answer the question according to the text.

hy do some stars hire photographers to W “surprise” them in a private moment?

Because that way they can better control what is published about them.


Unit 1

writing

Your Task Write a for and against essay about the advantages and disadvantages of celebrities publicly supporting social and political causes. Write 100-150 words.

1. Choose the correct connector. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. Despite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather, none of the actresses wore jackets.

Planning Your For and Against Essay

2. There’s excellent public transport in New York, so you won’t need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore / On the one hand, you’ll need a car in Los Angeles.

1. Make sure you understand the issue.

2. Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and a capital letter or a connector.

1. I studied all week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test.

2. B rainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write a list of pros and cons.

• Look at the ideas below. Which are pros? Which are cons? Which could be either a pro or a con?

I studied all week, but I didn’t know all the answers in the test. / Although I studied all week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test. 2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, it’s her birthday today. Jim is buying flowers for Sally because it’s her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for Sally. It’s her birthday today.

3. I woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at school and I realised it was Saturday.

I woke up late and left the house quickly. When I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday.

3. Complete the for and against essay with the connectors below.

3. D ecide which view you support. Then decide which of the ideas above you will include in your essay.

despite • on the other hand • furthermore however • in addition • such as • on the one hand

- celebrities can influence people - celebrities have got access to the media - an issue that a celebrity supports may get more publicity than other important issues that lack celebrity supporters - celebrities can help raise money for a cause - people may believe celebrities’ opinions without doing their own research • Add your own ideas to the list.

4. O rganise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.

Government Funding for the Arts In Britain, it has always been customary for the government to provide financial support However for the arts. 1. , some people wonder whether it is time to end this custom. 2. On the one hand most people don’t benefit directly from arts funding, and many never take advantage of / this help. 3. Furthermore In addition , government funds for the arts means less money for essential services, 4. such as schools, health care, public transport and the police. On the other , in comparison with those services, 5. hand arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations In addition / , arts funding allows of artists. 6. Furthermore many museums to offer free entrance, creates job opportunities and helps promote tourism. despite In conclusion, 7. the arguments against government arts funding, I believe it should continue. The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are crucial for our culture and society.

Plan

pening: State the issue / controversy. O Body: Present arguments supporting each view. C losing: Conclude and state your own opinion. 5. Write a first draft. 6. U se the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. Checklist

I followed the plan for a for and against essay. I used a variety of connectors of addition, contrast and example. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I avoided run-on sentences.

See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 140 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books

13

Progress Check Unit 1 Vocabulary

Grammar


4. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.

1. A large crew / crowd / passer-by has been gathering all morning to greet the team when their plane lands. 2. T he president emerged / pursued / gossiped in public for the first time since the scandal began. 3. S ome rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use. 4. I can’t believe I’m finally meeting you! You’ve been my heiress / role model / fiancée for years! 5. M y friends and I enjoy debating controversial / instant / wealthy issues. 2. C omplete the e-mail by forming collocations with the correct form of the verbs catch, take, or go and the words below.

abroad • everyone by surprise • sight of wild • anyone’s eye • a photo

1. L inda’s very tired. She hasn’t (not get) enough sleep lately. 2. You look great!

been getting

Have

you

been working out (work out)? 3. They had been going out (go out) for two years when they decided to get married. 5. R ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. I don’t think that I locked the door. (remember)

I don’t remember locking the door.

2. A t the top of the hill, we paused and admired the view. (stopped)

At the top of the hill, we stopped to admire the view.

3. Don’t eat any more of the biscuits! (stop)

Hey Sue,

Stop eating the biscuits!

You’ll never guess who I caught sight of last week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when by surprise he walked into the shop, but nobody 3. went wild . Everyone acted really calmly. He looked at a few shirts, tried not to 4. catch anyone’s , and then left. But before he eye 5. take a photo of him with did, I managed to my mobile (I’m sending the picture with this e-mail). Now aren’t you sorry that you 6. went abroad for the summer? Write soon! Love, Lynda 1.

3. C omplete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets.

1. T he children watched in amazement (amaze) as the magician performed his impressive (impress) tricks.

cultural 2. T his summer, there are free (culture) events in the park, including a modern dance performance (perform). musician (music) appeared on 3. T he young publicity (public) chat shows as part of a tour to promote his new CD.

6. C omplete the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. I read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the sofa.

After

I had been reading all afternoon, . I fell asleep on the sofa

2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet?

How long

have you been following a vegetarian diet

?

Writing 7. C omplete the passage with the connectors below.

for example • moreover • despite such as

despite Sallie Larson loves her job, 1. its dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed such as hundreds of difficult stunts 2. running through fire and jumping from a moving car. 3. Moreover , she’s designed safety equipment. 4. For example , she created new seat belt and helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.


Unit 1


Grammar

1. Match I to II to form sentences.

4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

I

1. The facts emerged

1. Don’t give the dog more treats. (stop)

2. Photographers pursued

3. He tried to fool

2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long)

4. They gossiped

5. They were surrounded

How long have you been learning karate?

3. First, I’ll go to the bank. Then I’ll go shopping. (after)

II

4 5 2 1 3

Stop giving the dog treats!

a. to me about their other friends. b. by a lot of people.

After I go / have gone to the bank, I’ll go shopping. / I’ll go shopping after I go / gone to to music the bank. 4. have He listened during the flight. (while)

c. the actor into his hotel. d. slowly, after a long investigation. e. me, but it didn’t work.

He was listening to music while flying.

5. Write a logical response with the words below. Use the correct form of the verbs.

1. Here are my keys! 2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.

I / look / for them / all day

1. Every summer, a small crew performs on / builds a stage in the park.

I have been looking for them all day.

2. It took forever!

2. I don’t understand your infatuation with him. Why don’t / do you like him so much? 3. That restaurant is notorious for its bad / good service.

e / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally / w see / the / doctor

We had been waiting for three hours when we finally saw the doctor.

4. The pressure from his parents makes Ron feel relaxed / nervous.

3. I got to school late today.

3. Complete the blog entry by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets.

Successful sports stars appear in adverts for 1. expensive (expense) watches and 2. fashionable (fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at lavish parties with famous 3. musicians (music) and actors. There are often articles about their 4. luxurious (luxury) homes and yachts, as well as about their occasionally 5. outrageous (outrage) behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more entertainment a part of the 6. (entertain) business than the sports business. Let’s start to appreciate sports stars again for their 7. amazing (amaze) performances and not for the 8. publicity (public) they give to products or for what happens in their private lives.

y the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out / b the test

By the time I walked in, the teacher had handed out the test.

Writing 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector below.

nevertheless • in spite of • furthermore moreover • however • although • despite 1. A lot of people don’t like him. I think he’s very nice.

Nevertheless , / However

2. Although she’s lived here for ten years, she’s never got used to the cold. 3. I’m not going to rent that flat. It’s too small. Moreover /, there’s no view.

Furthermore


2

Going Green Vocabulary 1. Complete the captions with the words below.

debris • pollution • landfill • trash 1

Why do I always have to trash out? take the

2. T he following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.

1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy plastic. ingest 2. This factory doesn’t inhabit dangerous substances because it was built with new emit “green” technology. 3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas in China. inhabit 4. If we don’t ingest our spending, we won’t have any savings left. cut down 5. Many scientists are now making their way to studying the effects of climate change.

devoted

6. My parents use up driving in bad weather. In fact, they never drive when it’s snowing.

avoid

7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon.

making their way

8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit thousands of homes. destroy

2

Now that the rain has ended, it’s going to take a lot of work to clear all this debris .

9. If we have to pay the DJ £400, we’ll avoid most of the budget and won’t have any money for food. use up 3. C omplete the sentences with the words below.

halfway • fuel • logging • shortcut greenhouse effect • crops • banned bellies • voyages • renewable energy environmentally friendly • lack 3

What a shame that we can’t see much of the city today because of the air pollution .

1. I had driven halfway to your house when I realised that I hadn’t taken the short cut you had suggested.

2. The greenhouse is creating climate changes effect crops that which will affect the types of can be grown in regions of the world.

4

Soon, this landfill will be covered. We’re going to build a club on top of it.

lack 3. Severe of food for a long period of bellies to become time causes children’s very large. environmentally friendly to use

4. Experts agree that it is renewable energy . 5.

Logging is

banned in all the national

forests here.

voyages require a great deal of fuel .

6. Space


Unit 2 4. C omplete the passage with the words and phrases below.

carbon footprint • nightmare • emitted amount • carbon dioxide • cut down broke down • made waves • harmful Leisure and the Environment In recent years, many respected scientists have 1. made waves by describing terrible 2. nightmare scenarios of the future of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to 3. cut down on pollution. This would mean 4. amount reducing the of damaging 5. carbon dioxide we produce. Most of us, of course, don’t even know the size of our own 6. carbon footprint . But a recent study of the 7. harmful environmental impact of an average British citizen provided some interesting broke down carbon information. The study 8. dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories, including leisure, home-energy use and commuting. Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average, for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is 9. emitted by each person in Britain. Think about this the next time you watch a football match in a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday!

6. C hoose the sentence that best follows the original.

1. My glasses vanished into thin air.

a. They were exactly where I had left them. b. I couldn’t find them anywhere.

2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air to the office.

a. She talks too much. b. She’s not like everyone else.

3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean.

a. It was more than we expected. b. We need to raise a lot more.

4. With your education, the sky’s the limit.

a. You can achieve anything you want. b. There’s a limit to what you’ll be able to achieve.

5. John’s very down to earth.

a. He’s very depressed. b. He’s easy to talk to.

6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg.

a. I don’t expect there to be any more difficulties. b. I expect that we’ll soon face other problems as well.

7. Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill.

a. It’s really not a problem. b. You should be more concerned.

8. Pollution has wiped out many species.


I

a. They’re more dangerous. b. They no longer exist.

1. My computer isn’t working properly. I hope it isn’t going to

7. C omplete the sentences. Make them true for you.

2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think I’ll

1. One of the locally grown crops is

3. There’s so much to learn for this exam. We need to

4. That’s a great idea! I’ll

2. I should cut down on

5. When Lori and I see sad films, we

6. I’m not taking the bus home. Lee said he’ll

3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, I’d like to go

7. Most experts don’t expect the economy to

II

6 a. pick me up. 1 b. break down. 3 c. break it down into sections. 2 d. pick everything up quickly. 5 e. usually break down at the end. 4 f. bring it up at the meeting. 7 g. pick up until early next year.

Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

. . .

4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up

.

5. The last thing of mine that broke down was

.

6. My worst nightmare is that

.

7. I was brought up

.


Grammar

3. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative.

needn’t have brought

1. C hoose the sentence that best follows the original.

1. You should have been there! a. It was a fantastic concert. b. I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.

3. They might have missed the train. a. If they hurry, they’ll catch it. b. If they did, they’ll be on the next one. 4. We could have helped them. a. I wonder why they didn’t ask us. b. I wonder if they’ll ask us to help. 2. W rite a sentence to describe each picture with the words below. Use a modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer.

1

Karen / wear / a jacket

Karen should have worn a jacket.

2

Mark / leave / the keys in the door

Mark must/may/might have left the keys in the door.

3

they / be / delighted

They must/should be delighted.

4

we / get / here / so late

2. I’m going to be late! I should have (should / wake up) an hour ago!

woken up

3. All these jeans are on sale, so I might buy (might / buy) two pairs.

2. I might leave my phone at home. a. Now I’m sorry that I haven’t got it with me. b. I don’t think I’ll need it.

1. We (need / bring) umbrellas with us. It hasn’t rained at all today!

We shouldn’t have got here so late.

4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He shouldn’t have cut (should / cut) it. 5. I would have taken (would / take) the bus, but it left as I arrived. 6. Lucy’s got a bad case of food poisoning. The fish at the restaurant must have been (must / be) off. 7. Joe couldn’t repair (could / repair) my computer, so I called a technician. 4. Choose the correct answer.

Zero Rubbish Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh / must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about 25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the amount of rubbish he produced. But nobody’s laughing these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give / must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the first to adopt a “zero-rubbish” lifestyle. The former environmental studies lecturer knew long ago that one of the ways we 3. can’t reduce / can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following what some environmentalists call “the three Rs”: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases, recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on repairing or donating items that you 4. can’t recycle / shouldn’t recycle / could have recycled. Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he 5. should have thrown / would have thrown / must have thrown into the bin. After following a zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical month’s worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into a small paper bag.


Unit 2 5. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of should or had better, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer.


1. You should wear that colour more often. It looks great on you.

2. I’m not sure who’s singing that song. It might have been Madonna.

2. I think he’s having a heart attack! We should / call an ambulance immediately!

had 3. You use any of my things while better not I’m gone, or I’ll be very angry.

3. The president should has begun worrying about the environment years ago.

I don’t see Emma here. She must have left.

I’m not sure who’s singing that song. It might be Madonna.

had better

4. I know that I food.

1. I don’t see Emma here. She must leave.

shouldn’t eat so much junk

The president should have begun worrying about the environment years ago.

6. R ewrite the sentences with the modals in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

4. Would have Jane helped you?

Would Jane have helped you?

5. We’d better to get petrol soon.

We’d better get petrol soon.

1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can)

2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to drink. (mustn’t)


3. It’s possible that Jeff didn’t receive the message. (might not)

4. There’s no need for Julie to help me cook for the party. (not have to)

Se debería enseñar seguridad vial a los/as niños/as pequeños/as para evitar accidentes de tráfico.

Can I borrow your pen?

We mustn’t drink the water in this river.

Jeff might not have received the message. Julie doesn’t have to help me cook for the party.

5. I doubt that story is real. (can’t)

That story can’t be real. / I can’t believe that story is real.


2. My parents think I should

Nuestro país debe reducir la cantidad de energía que usamos.

2. R oad safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents. 3. You’d better take the shortcut or you’ll be late.

Será mejor que cojas el atajo o llegarás tarde.

4. Y ou shouldn’t have brought up the subject of money.


1. Next year, I might

1. O ur country must cut down the amount of energy that we use.

No deberías haber planteado el asunto del dinero.

5. C elia may have broken down because of the bad news.

Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a causa de la mala noticia.

. .

3. My friends had better not

.

4. People my age can’t

.

7. Last year, I should have

10. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

.

1. Our teacherhas been working (work) in the school for the past 20 years.

.

2. We had been playing (play) tennis for an hour before Carol joined us.

3.

5. When I was younger, my parents should have 6. At weekends, I don’t have to

Grammar Review

.

Windsurfing

(windsurf) is a popular sport

in Australia. 4. I should have gone(should / go) on holiday last month when the prices were lower. 5. This milk

smells

(smell) off.


reading

The Environmental Costs of Being Online There’s no doubt that the Internet has got environmental benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more news and music online, energy costs of producing and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together people who, a few years ago, couldn’t have met without travelling long distances.

1. R ead the article quickly, ignoring difficult words. Then answer the questions.

1. What problem does the writer describe?

online pollution

2. What are some of the causes of the problem?

huge amounts of Google searches / web page viewing / complex, online virtual-reality game playing

2. R ead the text again and choose the best answer according to the text.

1. The information technology industry ... . a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse gas as airlines do c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the airline industry d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the airline industry

But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon footprint. You might be surprised to learn that, according to a recent study, the information technology industry emits approximately 2% of the world’s CO2 (carbon dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse gases as the global airline industry.

2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... . a. are among the most energy-saving facilities b. consume a great deal of energy c. don’t need a lot of electricity d. help Google conserve energy

The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the huge server computers of Google and other data centres, which are, says researcher Evan Mills, “among the most energy-intensive facilities imaginable”.

3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute Google search ... . a. uses more energy b. creates about two-thirds more CO2 c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide d. generates 10 g more CO2

But what does this mean for the average computer user? Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online performing a Google search or viewing web pages can generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period.

3. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. By using e-mail, we’re able to save paper,

electricity With more than 200 million Internet searches performed costs for processing ordinary letters and on the . each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new fuel needed to pick up and deliver them 2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same amount of electricity in a year as players of online virtual-reality games do over the .

same period

3. Internet Every day, more than 200 million

searches are performed

.

online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity, many scientists believe it’s time to find ways to cut down the Internet’s environmental cost.

4. Find words in the text that mean:

1. things that are bought (paragraph 1) purchases 2. the cause of a problem (paragraph 3) culprit 3. create (paragraph 4)

generate


Your Task

writing

Write a letter of complaint to your local newspaper about the lack of sports facilities in your area. Write 100-150 words.

1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the informal language in brackets with formal words and phrases.

Writing a Letter of Complaint 1. D ecide what you want to say. Think about the following questions:

11 Pickwick Road Corsham Wiltshire 7th May 2010

Madam

To begin with, I (really don’t like) 3. strongly disagree that your company uses plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes valuable natural resources. Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of paper on which the inserted booklets are printed because it is unsuitable for recycling. Many record companies are packaging CDs in paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled and recyclable materials. I (really think that) 4. strongly urge NewSounds to do the same in order to reduce its carbon footprint. (Can’t wait to hear from you.) 5. I look forward to your reply. (Sincerely,) 6. Yours faithfully, James Emerson

- W hat effect does the problem have on the people in your community? - Why does it bother you personally? - What actions should be taken?

2. T hink of a way to convince the reader that this problem is important. Which of the following sentences could be used in your letter?

, to express my I’m writing (to tell you about) 2. concern regarding the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records. 1.

Ms Allison Murray President NewSounds Records 49 Dean Street London Dear (Allison)

Unit 2

1. I like sport. 2. Young people who participate in sport are less likely to be bored and get involved in crime. 3. Playing sport regularly is part of a healthy lifestyle. 4. Team sports make you feel part of your community. 5. Being an athlete makes you more popular.

3. O rganise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 1 and the plan below to help you.

Plan

Opening: State the purpose of your letter. Body: Give information and details. Closing: Request / Demand action.

4. Write a first draft. 5. U se the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. Checklist

I followed the plan for a formal letter. I used formal language. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.

2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.

1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs.

Buying music online is cheaper than buying CDs.

2. Tim’s scooter is newer than the one Rachel has.

Tim’s scooter is newer than Rachel’s.

3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.

Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long legs. See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 141 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books

21


Grammar

1. R eplace each word or expression in bold with a suitable expression below. Make any necessary changes.

3. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of a modal or modal perfect and the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer.

break down • pick up • make waves cut down • vanish into thin air • bring up 1. She learned photography on her own, without picked up any formal training. 2. Many people could easily decrease the amount cut down of water they use. 3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began to cry. broke down

2. She shouldn’t have/ (prepare) so much needn’t have prepared food. Nobody was very hungry. 3. Iwould busy. 4.

have called(call) you sooner, but I was

Can/May/ I Could

have

(have) some water,

please?

4. I don’t want to cause problems, so I won’t complain. make waves 5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the police were chasing him. vanish into thin

should ask (ask) Lynne for 1. I think we help. She knows a lot about computers.

5.

air

6. Why did you start to talk about my party in front of Donna? I asked you not to!

bring up

2. C omplete the passage with the words and expressions below.

carbon footprint • bellies • amount a drop in the ocean • renewable energy fuel • environmentally-friendly People who work out at Central Gym in Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from bellies their 1. , they’re also a source of 2.renewable energythat helps provide power to the gym. Specially-designed exercise machines capture the electrical energy produced by exercisers, which then becomes 3. fuel to power the lights above the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery. amount Of course, the 4. of energy 5.environmentally-friendly that’s created by these a drop workouts is only 6. compared in the ocean to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But researchers hope that eventually, human-powered energy will be much more widely and efficiently captured and used. So, what could be better than increasing your fitness while reducing your 7. carbon footprint ?

Would

like (like) to join us? could have (predict) his predicted you

6. Nobody reaction. He really surprised us.

4. W rite sentences with the words below. Use the correct form of should or had better.

1. I don’t think Ellen looks good with short hair. She / let / her hair / grow / long / again

She should let her hair grow long again.

2. You’ll fail the course unless you finish the project on time. We / work / on / it / today

We had better work on it today.

3. David’s not feeling well. He / go / out / tonight

He shouldn’t go out tonight.

Writing 5. R ewrite the sentence below using formal language. There may be more than one correct answer.

I really think you’ve got to do something really fast to solve this problem.

Possible Answer In my opinion, something must be done quickly in order to solve this problem.

6. Rewrite the sentence using parallel structures.

Recycling plastic is better than to put it in landfills.

Recycling plastic is better than putting it in landfills.


Unit 2

Progress Check Units 1-2 Vocabulary

Grammar

1. Complete the passage with the words below.

3. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

pollution • trend • wealthy • harmful lack • lavish • publicity • the sky’s the limit For 1. wealthy actors, such as George Clooney and Leonardo DiCaprio, or rich businessmen like the the sky’s when it comes to founders of Google, 2. the limit lack buying a car. There’s certainly no 3. of 4. lavish choices of vehicles, either. But recently, they all made an interesting choice of a new car when they were among the first purchasers of the Tesla Roadster – a new electric sports car made by a small, independent manufacturer. This battery-powered vehicle produces far less 5. pollution than an ordinary petrol-powered car, and has much less of a 6. harmful effect on the environment. With a price tag of over $100,000, it’s unlikely that the Tesla will trend . However, its become a widespread 7. celebrity owners certainly create good 8. publicity for electric cars in general. 2. W rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.

F 1. When you ingest something, you throw it

When you ingest something, you consume it.

F 2. When you emerge, you can’t be seen. When you emerge, you can be seen. T 3. When you are willing, you offer or agree to

Sam must be disappointed.

2. I regret not bringing my iPod with me. (should)

I should have brought my iPod with me.

3. Jeff planned to arrive earlier, but there was a lot of traffic. (would)

Jeff would have arrived earlier, but there was a lot of traffic.

4. This is his first teaching job. (before)

He’s never taught before. / He’s never had a teaching job before.

5. When did you first begin to study environmental science here? (how long)

How long have you been studying environmental science here?

6. Sir, parking isn’t allowed here. (had better)

Sir, you had better park somewhere else. / Sir, you had better not park here.

Writing 4. Complete the sentences with a logical ending. Pay attention to the words in bold.


.

2. There are many ways to conserve water. For instance, we

.

3. I have to tidy my room every week. In addition, I have to .

something.

1. Dave likes to watch TV and

away.

1. I’m sure that Sam is disappointed. (must)

4. Sally especially likes British bands such as F 4. When you inhabit a place, you visit it. When you inhabit a place, you live in it. T 5. When you pursue something, you follow it. 5. Flying in a plane is faster than

.

.

F 6. When something is a breath of fresh air, it’s good for the environment.

When something is a breath of fresh air, it’s new and different.

6. The service at this restaurant is terrible. However,

.


3

2. Complete the captions with the verbs below.

expose • launch • crawl • lean • crash 1

crawl You can’t continue to You must drive a bit faster.

.

Online World Vocabulary

2

I want a style that doesn’t expose my bald spot.


I

1. I’m sure that Ben has read my e-mails 2. Jake had a problem with the computer this morning, 3. I know you’re upset because

3

4. He was relieved

crash Oh, no! Please, please don’t now! My report’s due in the morning!

5. He taught me how to keep my computer safe 6. You have to enter a password 7. Oh, no! What am I going to do? This message says 8. He finally turned off the television

6 3 8 1 4

II a. when you log onto this website.

4

Our market research shows that the time is right to launch the new TOP phone.

5

Please don’t

b. your job interview didn’t turn out well. c. and helped me tidy up the flat. d. even though he’s denied it. e. t hat he hadn’t accidentally deleted his work.

7 f. that all my files have been permanently removed.

2 g. but he restarted it and everything’s fine now.

5 h. and prevent other people from seeing what’s on it.


lean

on my car.

Unit 3 3. C omplete the dialogue with the words and phrases below.

online • available • user-friendly updated • google • access social-networking sites • portable

Salesman: May I help you? Ellen: Yes, please. I’m looking for a new computer. It’s got to be lightweight and 1. portable , because I want to be able to take it to cafés. Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook, especially if you’re going to use it mainly to go 2. online to 3. google people or visit 4. social- , such as Facebook. We’ve got networking sites several models 5. available that are all smaller, and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop. userThey’re also very 6. – there’s nothing friendly complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can 7. access the Internet wherever there’s a wireless connection. Ellen: Do netbooks come with 8. updated programs, like the latest version of Office?

5. Complete each sentence with the adjectives below.

pressing • affluent • close-up • overjoyed 1. Steve was polite, but he wasn’t me.

overjoyed to see

2. A lot of affluent high-tech executives have expensive homes in this neighbourhood. 3. We have several pressing topics to discuss, but the most urgent is the book fair. 4. I can see every detail of the bee in the

close-up .

6. C omplete the sentences with a suitable collocation. Use the verbs and nouns below.

erbs: V • download • enter • charge • forward • post

Nouns: • your password • an attachment • a song • information • a mobile phone

charge a mobile when its battery is low. phone enter your 2. You have to in order to access password some websites. 1. You

Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately.

3. When you want to send a document or photo to forward an . someone, you

Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see what you’ve got ... .

4. It sometimes takes a long time to download a song onto a computer.

4. C hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. All employees use cars / computers from the company’s fleet. 2. The Olympic athletes entered the stadium, wearing / carrying poles with the flags of their countries. 3. For safety, a fence was built over / around the pool. 4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday. 5. I had a sudden urge to eat meat, so I ordered a hamburger / became a vegetarian.

attachment

5. When you add something to your Facebook page, you post information . 7. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and suitable prepositions.

reminds me of (remind) you. 2. I applied for (apply) five jobs last week. 3. When did you first hear about (hear) this? 4. He depends on (depend) his parents for money. 5. I’ve thought of (think) the perfect present for her. 1. Sally

8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

1. My favourite social-networking site is


6. Diana keeps all her important papers / T-shirts in a folder.

2. I recently googled

7. My music files are organised on my computer / in CD boxes.

3. If I were affluent, I would

8. This software comes with a tutorial that provides a discount / instructions.

4. Someone once forwarded me

. . . .

5. I bought an amazing device that

.


Grammar

4. R ewrite the sentences in Exercise 3 by completing the sentences below. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. The exam had 1. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.

1. T he phone should be charged (should / charge) for 12 hours before you use it. 2. Tickets

will be / are going (sell) next week. to be sold

3. S ince the band put their latest song online, has been it (download) by downloaded thousands of fans. 4. T his photo must have been taken in the winter. Look at the snow!

(must / take)

5. By the time we completed the survey, it had been answered (answer) by 420 people. 2. W rite a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the passive form of the verb.

1. I’ve just received an e-mail from Amazon. (my package / deliver / next week)

My package will be delivered next week.

2. I didn’t eat anything at the party. (all the food / eat / by the time / I arrive)

All the food had been eaten by the time I arrived.

3. T he invitations are finally addressed. (they / not / send out / yet)

They haven’t been sent out yet.

4. Y ou can check tomorrow’s weather. (forecasts / give / on several websites)

Forecasts are given on several websites.

3. C omplete the sentences with the correct active or passive form of the verbs below. Use each verb only once.

launch • complete • consider produce • believe 1. B y 11.30 yesterday, everyone the exam.

was 2. It once world was flat.

had completed

believed that the

is considered to be unhealthy. are 4. New products often launched 3. Junk food

been completed by 11.30 yesterday . once believed that the world was flat 2. People . 3. Experts consider junk food to be unhealthy . 4. Companies often launch new products with publicity campaigns and free samples . 5. A major games company is now producing the computer game she designed . 5. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.

Becoming Famous on YouTube When Jawed Karim, one of YouTube’s founders, 1. posted (post) the first video there could have on 23rd April 2005, nobody 2. predicted (could / predict) that the website would become one of the most popular on the Internet. Each minute, at least 20 hours of video 3. are uploaded was bought (upload) to the site, which 4. (buy) by Google in 2006. The selection of videos includes films, television shows, homemade music videos, documentaries, as well as some short films that 5. are considered (consider) to be original and artistic by serious critics. In addition, many YouTube “stars” 6. have been created (create) over the past few years. These are people have been whose videos 7. (watch) watched by millions of people. Among these stars are Matt Harding, thanks to his videos of himself dancing with people all over the world, and Ryan Higa, whose video “How to Be a Ninja” 8. has been viewed (view) over 20 million times so far. Another YouTube star is Lauren Luke, a young Englishwoman whose popular series of videos about applying make-up led to her own make-up line that 9. was launched (launch) in April 2009. It’s this unpredictable variety of videos that keep people hooked on YouTube!

with publicity campaigns and free samples.

is 5. T he computer game she designed being now by a major games company. produced


Matt Harding dancing in India

Unit 3 6. R ewrite the sentences using two passive structures.


1. The decision has already be made.

1. T hey’re using computer animation to make the film.

Computer animation is being used to make the film. The film is being made by using computer animation.

2. W e will e-mail the concert tour dates to everyone next week.

The concert tour dates will be e-mailed to everyone next week. Everyone will be e-mailed the concert tour dates next week. 3. Someone sent me flowers on my birthday.

Flowers were sent to me on my birthday. I was sent flowers on my birthday. 4. E xperts believe that Internet addiction is a growing problem.

It is believed that Internet addiction is a growing problem. Internet addiction is believed to be a growing problem. 5. People think his videos are very entertaining.

The decision has already been made.

2. At the moment, passwords are been changed.

At the moment, passwords are being changed.

3. The dates of the meetings will be sent everyone.

The dates of the meetings will be sent to everyone.

4. Sorry, Mrs Rivero. I’m late because I’ve checked my teeth at the dentist today.

Sorry, Mrs Rivero. I’m late because I had my teeth checked at the dentist today.

5. Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to was the fastest one in the world.

Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to be the fastest one in the world.


His videos are thought to be very entertaining. It is thought that his videos are very entertaining.

1. A new product has just been launched for the Spanish market.

7. C omplete the e-mail with the correct causative form of the verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.

2. Certain expensive items can be bought only by affluent people.

cut • install • put on • made • deliver

Hi Jon, Thanks for the e-mail! I’m glad you finally 1. had / got an Internet connection installed . I’m busy these days – and not only with studying. cut I 2. had / got my hair the other day, and today I’m taking my motorbike to the garage to 3. have / get new tyres put on . have / an extra While that’s being done, I 4. willget made to my flat, so you can set of keys have a set when you visit next week. When you come, we should invite friends over, rent have a couple of films and 5. burgers and chips delivered .

Angie

Se acaba de lanzar un nuevo producto para el mercado español. Ciertos artículos caros pueden ser comprados solamente por gente acomodada.

3. Nobody understood why all those photos had been deleted.

[email protected]

See you in a few days!

Nadie comprendió por qué habían sido borradas todas esas fotos.

4. These images shouldn’t have been removed from our website.

Estas imágenes no deberían haberse eliminado de nuestra página web.

5. USB flash drives are said to be quite affordable.

Se dice que las memorias USB son bastante asequibles.

Grammar Review 1 0. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. We were met by friends who had been waiting (wait) for us for an hour. 2.

Skiing

(ski) is a popular sport.

3. We didn’t like the restaurant that Gina recommended. We should have gone (should / go) to a different place. 4. The book was reviewed newspapers last week. 5. That girl

looks

(review) in several (look) familiar.


@

reading 1. Read the first sentence in each paragraph in the text. In which paragraph do you think you will find the following information?

1. whether Internet addiction is considered an official disorder 4 2. some signs of Internet addiction

Do you neglect responsibilities whenever you have the urge to spend time online? Do you feel depressed if you’re away from a computer game for too long? Do you lie about the amount of time you spend online? Is your virtual social life more important than your real social life? If so, they may be signs that you have an Internet, gaming or computer addiction – now commonly called Internet addiction.

1

3. what needs to be considered when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction 3 4. why Ben Alexander was in a treatment centre 5 5. how Internet addiction differs from some other addictions 2 2. Now read the entire text and check your answers. 3. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. Mental-health professionals first began

discussing the problem of Internet addiction in the mid 1990s

.

2. South Korea and the United States are among

the countries that already have got . rehabilitation programmes for Internet addiction sufferers


1. Among the signs of Internet addiction NOT mentioned is ... . a. spending money online b. neglecting responsibilities c. depression d. socialising online only 2. The most important factor to consider when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction is ... . a. the amount of time spent online b. the impact online or gaming activities has on someone’s life c. a person’s favourite online activities d. whether someone uses the Internet at work 5. Find words in the text that mean the opposite of:

1. pay attention to (paragraph 1) 2. not enough (paragraph 2) 3. loses (paragraph 3) 4. suffering (paragraph 4)

neglect excessive gains benefitting

Internet Addiction

Since the mid-1990s, when the problem first began to be widely discussed among mental-health professionals, comparisons have been made between excessive computer use and addictions to gambling, drugs or alcohol. There are differences, though, especially as Internet addiction doesn’t usually involve losing money or pose an imminent threat to one’s physical health. Moreover, many experts say that an Internet addiction diagnosis shouldn’t be based mainly on the amount of time devoted to the activity. Instead, they say, what must be examined is the negative effect the activity has on someone’s life. Someone who stays home from school or a job in order to remain online, for instance, or who gains emotional satisfaction only from their gaming or virtual social life, should be considered an addict. Internet addiction is not yet accepted as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association or similar professional organisations elsewhere (though it may soon gain official recognition in China). Despite this, a wide range of treatments is already available for it, including rehabilitation programmes in South Korea, China, the USA and other countries. Critics may point to this as proof that addiction specialists are already benefitting from creating a new group of patients to treat. But that probably doesn’t matter to sufferers like 19-yearold Ben Alexander who, in September 2009, was the first patient at ReSTART, a treatment centre in the USA. He didn’t finish university because of his inability to limit the amount of time he spent playing the video game World of Warcraft. Hopefully, ReSTART will enable Ben to regain control of his life.


Unit 3

writing

Your Task Write an opinion essay about the following statement: Using a mobile phone in public venues is impolite. Write 100-150 words.

1. Choose the correct connector.

1. So that / Due to / In order to get an iPhone at a discount, you have to show your student ID. 2. S he enjoys living here. Therefore, / Due to / Because she’s not sure that she wants to attend university anywhere else. 3. P aul is one of the nicest people I know. As a result, / Because / For this reason, I’d like to introduce him to your sister.

Writing an Opinion Essay 1. Make sure you understand the issue. 2. D ecide if you agree or disagree with the statement. 3. B rainstorm ideas you can use to support your opinion. Look at the points below. Which

could be used by someone who agrees with the statement above? Which could be used by someone who disagrees?

2. Add apostrophes where necessary.

’

1. The dogs fur is white, but its tail is black.

’

’

2. Can you hear the peoples screams? Theyre so frightened.

’

3. I love your jacket. Its beautiful. 3. C omplete the opinion essay with suitable connectors. There may be more than one correct answer.

Too Much Self-Service Online? More and more business is being conducted online, from banking to booking travel tickets. While many people like this trend, I think it has disadvantages for the consumer. First of all, a credit or debit card is usually needed a result / 1. in order to make online purchases. 2. As Therefore , people who lack these cards can’t take advantage of Internet deals such as low-priced plane tickets. Second, the ability to print boarding passes or tickets at home is presented to consumers as an advantage – but it is also an inconvenience 3. because / it costs us since time and money for the ink and paper. Finally, online orders are often difficult to change, and customer service is not always readily available. 4.For this reason / Therefore, some people are nervous about making online purchases. All in all, I don’t think that consumers who do their business online are always treated well. Consumers should let companies know when they don’t like this self-service approach.

- ignoring people when using mobile phones

- same as talking face to face

- loud mobile-phone ringtones

- lit screens disturb

- acceptable behaviour today

4. D ecide which ideas to include in your essay. Think of facts, details and examples to support your arguments. 5. O rganise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.

Plan

pening: Present the issue and your opinion. O Body: Present reasons, facts and examples to support your opinion. Closing: Restate your opinion and / or make suggestions. 6. Write a first draft. 7. U se the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. Checklist

I followed the plan for an opinion essay. I used connectors of cause and result and connectors of purpose. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I checked that the verbs and subjects agree.


29


Grammar


4. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.

1. Don’t crawl / lean on the wall! The paint is wet! 2. L uckily, I didn’t lose my work when my computer crashed / restarted. 3. T he pole / fence around our garden is made of wood. 4. The password / tutorial is easy to remember. 5. I’m sorry, but there’s no available / pressing appointment today. 6. S he grew up in an affluent / updated family, so she never had to worry about money. 2. C omplete the sentences with a suitable preposition. Pay attention to the words in bold.

1. Some packaged foods seem to consist mainly of chemicals. 2. W e’re going to stay on the beach!

at / in

a hotel right

3. I like Charles, but I wouldn’t depend on him for anything important. 4. Y ou forgot to remind me birthday.

for 5. K ate applied driving licence yesterday.

about

Sue’s

her provisional

3. C omplete the sentences with the words and phrases below.

turn out • fleet • urge • deny • access delete 1. W hen some ex-smokers get the for a cigarette, they chew gum. 2. D on’t worry. Everything will perfectly.

urge

turn out

5. Did he

deny

access

Writing 5. C omplete the sentences with a suitable connector of cause, result or purpose. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. A lot of cafés offer free wireless Internet access because it attracts customers.

delete this sentence from 3. Y ou should your essay. It’s unnecessary. 4. I have no idea why I can’t Internet at the moment.

Urban legends – those scary or weird stories that 1. are said (say) to be true but aren’t – have been around for a long time. In the 1800s in England, for instance, rumours 2. spread / were spread (spread) of the existence of a man who 3. was referred (refer) to as Spring-Heeled Jack. He had a terrifying appearance and could jump very high. Since the mid-1930s, tales 4. have been told (tell) of alligators living in the sewers under New York City. Nowadays, urban legends 5. are making / (make) their way around the make world with the click of a mouse. In recent years, have read millions of people 6. (read) that certain tight jeans can kill the wearer and that live poisonous spiders often 7. (live) in passenger jet bathrooms. Both of these stories are false. But even if we know that urban legends are untrue, many of us still enjoy reading them. They’ve even become the subject of research for some folklore specialists who keep a close eye on the Internet to learn which are “going viral” – that is, which urban legends 8. are being read (read) by and forwarded to millions of people.

the

2. M eg can’t eat sugar. Therefore , she has to read food labels carefully. 3. Due to / a computing error, the January Because of electricity bills were incorrect.

that he had been cheating?

6. T hey offer good prices on all the cruise ships in fleet their .


1. His friend’s / friends’ jacket is very expensive. 2. It’s / Its going to rain soon.


Unit 3


Grammar

1. C omplete the sentences with the words and expressions below.

3. C omplete the sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the original. Make any necessary changes.

shortcuts • landfills • emerged • devices exposed • delete • fool making a mountain out of a molehill tip of the iceberg • social-networking sites 1. S ome combinations of computer keyboard keys shortcuts can be used as quick to delete add or text. 2. Unfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes fool a lot of people, and the scams we know about are only the tip of the iceberg . 3. New facts about the businessman’s crimes have emerged in recent days, and details about his private life have also been exposed . 4. Mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices shouldn’t be disposed of landfills in . 5. I think that those who say it’s dangerous to meet people through social-networking are making a mountain . sites

out of a molehill

2. C omplete the passage with the verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.

forward • post • take • catch We do things so fast online that we don’t always stop to think before we 1. forward an e-mail containing a post silly joke to a friend or 2. new messages or pictures on our Facebook page. Next time, pause for a moment. Is your friend studying so much that he / she catch his / her breath? Then you can hardly 3. may not want to bother him / her with an unnecessary e-mail. Did you 4. take / post a photo of someone that might embarrass them? Then perhaps it’s better not to put it on your Facebook page, as it’s difficult to know catch sight of it. Remember: think who will 5. before you click.

1. Have you watered the plants?

Have the plants

been watered

?

2. This is the first time I’ve eaten Thai food.

I ’ve

/ have never eaten Thai food before .

3. We got to the concert after it began.

The concert

had already begun by the time. we arrived

4. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

be blog identities (should / be) private? That’s the question many people 2. have been asking (ask) since August 2009. A judge 3. made in New York (make) Google reveal the name of a blogger who, in one of her blog entries, 4. had insulted (insult) model Liskula Cohen. Many people 5. were angered (anger) by this decision, which 6. was considered (consider) to be a threat to free speech. “I 7. would have agreed (would / agree) with the judge’s verdict, but the blogger 8.hadn’t threatened (not threaten) Cohen in any way,” said one New York lawyer. But other people celebrated the judge’s decision as a reminder that people 9. shouldn’t be (should not / allow) to write allowed whatever they want anonymously. What’s your opinion on the matter? 1.

Should

Writing 5. R ewrite the run-on sentences below with suitable connectors. Make any necessary changes. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. I want to go on holiday this summer, I need to earn some money.

I want to go on holiday this summer, so I need to earn some money.

2. We took umbrellas, it didn’t rain.

We took umbrellas but it didn’t rain / even though it didn’t rain.

3. I was upset, I was also embarrassed.

I was upset and embarrassed.


4

Sense It

2. C omplete the sentences with the words and phrases below.

accurate • mouth-watering • tough nasty • weird • all the rage

tough 1. The exercise class was too for me. I’ll have to find an easier one. 2. I don’t like high heels, even though they’re all the rage now. 3. Instructions must be

accurate . nasty things to

4. She said some me last night. She’d better apologise.

weird to be true. 6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes 5. That story is too

Vocabulary 1. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.

and biscuits. 3. C hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.

Across

1. This pattern smells / looks great.

1. stay in the same place

2. This song / book has no rhythm.

4. speak in an extremely soft voice

3. Residents complain about the bad / loud odours from the factory.

6. look at intently for a period of time 7. cause something to happen

4. My only purchase was a laptop / toothache. 5. There’s a new exhibit I’d like to eat at / see. 6. I love the scent of lemons, although I don’t like to eat / smell them.

Down 2. move closer 3. smell bad

4. M ake as many logical pairs by combining the adjectives and nouns below.

5. keep something for the future 6. move one’s hand gently on something 1

2

e m a i n s p t p 4 w h i s p e r 5 s o n 6 s t a r e t k t c o 7 t r i g g e r h o e k e 3

r

djectives: A • tasty • bright • pale • faint • smooth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.


Nouns: • skin • hair • meal • material • colour • noise

tasty meal bright colour bright material pale colour pale skin pale material faint noise smooth skin smooth material smooth hair

Unit 4 5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

bitter • all the rage • accurate • savoury • flavour • trigger • take advantage of

Umami – The Fifth Taste

bitter Tastes used to be categorised into four categories: sweet, salty, sour and 1. 2. accurate list must include a fifth taste – umami. This refers to the rich and 3. foods, like Parmesan cheese, have.

. But now, any

savoury taste some

Umami was first identified in the early 1900s by Japanese researchers who traced its source to seaweed, long used in Japanese cooking to give extra 4. flavour to food. Umami cookery is 5. all the rage these days, take and it may even have health benefits. For instance, people can 6. umami to lower their salt advantage of intake. Moreover, people who eat umami-rich diets tend to eat fewer calories. The reason for this is believed to be that umami-poor food leaves people dissatisfied, which will 7. trigger the desire to eat more. 6. T he following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the phrasal verbs in bold with the correct phrasal verb in bold from a different sentence. Make any necessary changes.

1. Looking at those old photos started up a lot of happy memories. 2. Our school set off a website last year.

brought back

set up

3. At first, he started over as a painter, but for the past 30 years, he’s done mainly sculpture.

started out

4. I didn’t like my drawing in art class, so I decided to set up. 5. The loud noise brought back the alarm.

start over

set off

6. I want to set Paul back to the party tonight. I think he’ll have fun. 7. She started out her first business when she was 15 years old.

bring … along started up

8. When the tennis star broke her ankle, it brought her along, and she didn’t win a match for over a year.

set … back

7. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.

I

1. She ignores everything I say. 2. We rarely agree about politics. 3. They moved abroad three years ago. 4. She has to learn not to treat people so rudely. 5. That’s a stupid idea. 6. They rarely eat dessert.

3 5 6 1 4

II

a. But we keep in touch with each other. b. Where’s their common sense? c. They don’t have much of a sweet tooth. d. It just goes in one ear and out the other. e. Someone should give her a taste of her own medicine.

2 f. We simply don’t see eye to eye.

8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

1. A recent purchase I made was


.

2. I was in a bad mood because

.

3. It goes in one ear and out the other when adults tell teens

.

4. In my opinion, a pleasant aroma is

.

5. I once saw an exhibit of

.

6. I’d like to start up a

.

7. I think it’s disgusting when

.

8. I once stared at someone who

.


Grammar

3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

I’ve never surfed before.

1. Complete the sentences with the reporting verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.

denied • complained • advised • asked warned • suggested • reminded refused • wondered

asked me why I was in a bad mood. 2. David reminded me that the meeting was in 1. Sharon

1. He admitted that he

before

. I’m having my driving test today.

an hour. 3. Marcy refused was too busy.

had never surfed

to volunteer because she

4. Carolyn wondered / whether the city bus tour asked was worth taking. 5. The boy

denied

eating all the biscuits.

6. The security guard asked / us not to lean warned over the fence.

2. He told me that

he was having his driving test that day

.

7. She complained that the film was boring.

advised / trying the new Mexican 8. Steve suggested restaurant. 9. My dad advised my application.

Who’s been wearing my clothes?

me to print two copies of


1. “It’s fine. I’ll let you borrow my camera for the weekend.”

to let Sara agreed camera for the weekend.

3. Lucy demanded to know who

had been

wearing her clothes

.

me borrow her I’ll help you when the programme’s finished.

2. “I promise that I won’t tell anyone.”

Mark promised that he anyone.

wouldn’t tell

3. “Where are you going?”

She wondered where I

was going

.

4. “I’ve been waiting here for you for an hour!”

Robert complained that he there for me for an hour.

had been waiting

5. “I may travel to London next weekend.”

4. Joe said he would

help me when the programme was finished

.

I can’t wait until the new bike lane is built.

Miranda mentioned that she might travel to London the following weekend.

6. “I’ve finally made a decision.”

Jason told me that he

had finally made . a decision

7. “You should add more salt.”

Danny suggested

adding / that I add

more salt.

5. He said he

couldn’t wait until the new bike lane was built


.

Unit 4 4. R ewrite the sentences in reported speech. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. “What time is it?” Libby asked her mum.

Libby asked her mum what time it was.

2. “You should tell Sam how you feel,” my best friend advised me.

My best friend advised me to tell Sam how I felt.

3. “Will you have time to go to the supermarket today?” my mother asked me.


1. Bess told to me that she used to play the guitar.

Bess told me that she used to play the guitar.

2. I asked my sister that if I could borrow her coat.

I asked my sister if I could borrow her coat.

3. They wondered whether did I liked horror films.

They wondered whether I liked horror films.

4. Sam suggested that we ate at a restaurant.

Sam suggested eating at a restaurant / My mother asked me if / whether I would that we eat at a restaurant. have time to go to the supermarket that day. 5. The lifeguard warned us didn’t swim there. 4. “Don’t sit on the grass,” the young woman The lifeguard warned us not to swim warned them. there. The young woman warned them not to sit on the grass. 7. Translate the sentences.

5. “I didn’t have enough time to finish the work,” Barbara complained.

Barbara complained that she hadn’t had enough time to finish the work.

6. “Everyone has to write an essay about the book,” the teacher explained.

The teacher explained that everyone had to write an essay about the book.

5. C omplete the e-mail with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. T im explained that that song always brought back happy childhood memories.

Tim explicó que aquella canción siempre le traía a la memoria recuerdos felices de su niñez. 2. S ome customers wanted to know where that pleasant smell came from.

3. I told Angie not to bother me because I was in a bad mood.

Le dije a Angie que no me molestara porque yo estaba de mal humor.

4. M um advised Dad to approach his boss about a holiday.

[email protected]

Dear Jessica, I ran into Ben Smithson at the hospital today. He looked pretty upset. He told me that he 1. was visiting (visit) his cousin, who had an infected cut on her foot. I asked him how that 2. had happened (happen), and he explained that a few days before, she 3. had stepped (step) on broken glass on the beach and 4. hadn’t felt (not feel) it. I asked how 5.couldn’t have felt she (could / not feel) it. He explained that she was born with a rare genetic disorder that made it impossible for her to feel pain. meant He also pointed out that it 6. (mean) that she didn’t always know when she was injured or ill. I asked whether there 7. was (be) any cure for the disorder, and Ben said that researchers 8. were making (make) progress in understanding it, but that he would be also thought it 9. (be) quite a long time before a cure was found. I’ll keep you posted. Annie

Algunos/as clientes/as querían saber de dónde venía aquel agradable olor.

Mamá le aconsejó a papá que abordase a su jefe/a acerca de unas vacaciones.

5. T hey warned me not to walk alone at night in that city.

Me advirtieron que no caminara solo/a de noche en aquella ciudad.

Grammar Review 8. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. “You should have let (should / let) Dave drive your car last night,” my father said. 2. He complained that the research he had been doing (do) for the past year was becoming boring. 3. Jeffrey has been learning(learn) to sail since June and is about to buy a boat. 4. Katie called and said that they wouldn’t begin (not begin) dinner until we got there. It’s nice that they’re going to wait for us. 5. We had been sitting (sit) in the dark for an hour by the time the electricity came back on.


Sensing Danger

reading 1. S can the text and find the following information:

2004 2. the number of countries affected over ten 3. places in danger of earthquakes Japan and California 1. the year the tsunami occurred

2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.

1. The elephant mentioned in the article ... . a. made dogs nervous b. fled from the beach just after the tsunami c. was seen fleeing to the beach d. left the beach moments before the tsunami 2. S ome animals are very sensitive to subtle environmental changes because ... . a. they see better than people b. of their strong electromagnetic senses c. they don’t hear or smell well d. some of their senses are more highly developed than people’s senses 3. Find words in the text that mean:

1. understanding something after it has occurred hindsight (paragraph 1)

perished 3. extremely nervous (paragraph 2) agitated zones 4. areas (paragraph 5) 2. died (paragraph 2)

4. Answer the questions according to the text.

1. What was peculiar about the bats’ behaviour?

They were flying during the day.

2. How do some pets behave before an earthquake?

They’re extremely agitated.

3. What happens when a monkey alerts its group to danger?

Other animals react to it.

4. Why are scientists in Japan and China studying the behaviour of animals in earthquake regions?

After many earthquakes, there are reports of “miraculous” animal survival and of behaviour that, in hindsight, seemed to predict the disaster. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which was triggered by an enormous undersea earthquake, killed more than 200,000 people in over ten countries. However, surprisingly few wild animals perished, because most managed to make it to safety. Soon after the tsunami, stories circulated about weird animal behaviour that had been witnessed prior to it, including nocturnal bats flying in the daytime, dogs acting nervously and an elephant fleeing a beach. In Japan, California and other earthquake regions, pet owners often claim that their pets become extremely agitated prior to an earthquake. Can animals, in fact, predict impending natural disasters? Not really. It is more accurate to say that because of strong senses, especially hearing and smell, some animals can detect very subtle changes in their environment better than people can. Some may also be alerted to danger through an ability to detect electromagnetic changes in the atmosphere. In addition, many species are known to have sophisticated communication systems, which are also observed and reacted to by other species. When a monkey, for instance, sees a predator and expresses a danger signal to its social group, other animals will react to it. Many researchers believe that it is reasonable to assume that similar interactions exist when there’s danger from natural disasters as well. However, despite animals’ apparent “early warning” systems, many scientists doubt that studying them will improve our ability to predict earthquakes and tsunamis. But a few researchers, especially in China and Japan, disagree and regularly monitor animal behaviour in earthquake zones. They’re convinced that it will eventually prove invaluable in improving our ability to predict earthquakes, and perhaps other natural disasters. In the meantime, it wouldn’t hurt to keep an eye on your dog or cat.

They believe it will improve our ability to predict earthquakes.


Unit 4

writing

Your Task

1. A dd a suitable adverb of degree and a suitable adverb of frequency to each sentence below. Do not use the same adverb more than once.

Describe a school event

Write a description of a school event. Write 100-150 words.

1. Ann, who is committed to being a vegetarian, eats meat.

Ann, who is completely committed to being a vegetarian, never eats meat.

2. This shop isn’t so busy, but today it’s crowded because of the sale.

This shop isn’t usually so busy, but today it’s very crowded because of the sale.

2. R ewrite the sentences by moving the adverb or adverbial phrase.

1. I’ve only read the first chapter because I’ve been busy.

Because I’ve been busy, I’ve only read the first chapter.

2. I noticed the Eiffel Tower walking along the street.

Walking along the street, I noticed the Eiffel Tower.

3. You can almost buy anything online.

You can buy almost anything online.

4. John nearly pays £800 a month for rent.

John pays nearly £800 a month for rent.

3. R ead the essay below and circle adjectives that describe what the writer sees, hears and smells. Then circle adverbs that modify verbs and adjectives.

Celebrating Musicals in New York On a sunny Sunday afternoon last September, I was in Times Square, in New York City, for “Broadway on Broadway”, a free outdoor event featuring songs and dances from over 20 musicals. I usually don’t enjoy crowded events, but this one was really wonderful! Thousands of people, laughing and talking, filled the square. The festive atmosphere was enhanced by mouth-watering aromas of hot dogs and roasted nuts from nearby carts. Suddenly, there was a burst of loud music from the orchestra, and the show began. It was an amazing two hours of dramatic singing and colourful costumes. Sometimes, the audience sang along – they actually sounded pretty good. Enormous speakers and video screens meant that nobody missed a thing. During the last song, millions of small, colourful pieces of confetti floated down on the crowd, and we all caught some in our hands. It was a magical ending!

1. T hink of a school event you’d like to write about. The following are some possibilities:

- a sports day

- a party

- a celebration or event for a local, regional or religious holiday

- a musical or theatrical performance

- a class visit to a museum or historical site

2. T hink of aspects of the event that you can describe. Consider things such as:

- atmosphere

- weather

- sounds

- audience

- tastes

- participants

3. T hink of the opinion you would like to express about the event. Use positive and negative adjectives, and adverbs of frequency and degree. 4. D ecide which ideas to include in your essay. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.

Plan

Opening: State what the event was and when and where it took place. Give a personal opinion. Body: Describe the event in detail. C losing: Sum up the event and your opinion. 5. Write a first draft. 6. U se the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. Checklist

I followed the plan for a description of an event. I used a rich variety of adjectives and adverbs. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I used adverbs and adverbial phrases correctly.

This event is always held in September, so if you’re ever in New York then, don’t miss it! See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 143 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books

37


Grammar

1. Complete the sentences with the words below.


1. “Where have you been?”

firm • rhythm • odour • mood pattern • purchase

4. The pattern flowers.

in

Emily suggested

trying the lasagne there / . that I try the lasagne there

The vet warned us

not to let our dog eat chocolate

.

4. “You’re interrupting me!”

Susan complained that I was

interrupting her.

on these shirts resembles

5. The drummer in a band keeps the

rhythm .

6. Cigarette smoke always leaves behind a strong odour . 2. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.

.

3. “Don’t let your dog eat chocolate.”

2. Don’t speak to Sally today. She’s in a bad mood .

firm

I had been

2. “You should try the lasagne here.”

1. The shop is giving a free watch with every purchase of over £20.

3. She works for the largest law the city.

My dad asked me where

I

4. R ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. “Have you booked your plane ticket?” Diana wanted to know. (whether)

2. “The meat should be cooked for at least an hour,” Christine told me. (advised)

1. You don’t have to whisper.

Diana wanted to know whether I had booked my plane ticket. Christine advised me to cook the meat for at least an hour.

2. I’m sorry I was staring at you.

3. “I’m not going to sing in front of everyone,” Andrew told me. (refused)

3. You’ll have to start over.

4. Something stinks. 5. You should take advantage of everything here.

4. “Eileen won’t be here until later,” Sam informed us. (told)

6. We started up the company a year ago.

7. Don’t be afraid to stroke him. 8. I was too nervous to approach him.

II

8 a. But it was exciting to be in the same room b. The smell is making me ill. c. He’s a friendly cat. d. You look very familiar to me. e. So far, it hasn’t been successful. f. There’s a lot to do in this city. g. I forgot to push the “record” button. h. Nobody else can hear us.

Sam told us that Eileen wouldn’t be there until later.

Writing 5. C omplete the sentences with a suitable adverb.

Possible Answers

1. I’m almost certain that the train leaves at 2.00. I’ve checked the timetable three times.

as someone so famous.

4 7 2 6 5 3 1

Andrew refused to sing in front of everyone.

rarely goes abroad. I don’t think he’s 2. He been out of the country for at least three years. very 3. I’m angry with Laura. She read my diary and told everyone about it. often eats salad, but my dad 4. My mum doesn’t like vegetables at all.


Unit 4


Grammar

1. W rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.

3. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

T 1. When something is accurate, it’s correct.

F 2. W hen a sound is deafening, it can’t be heard. When a sound is deafening it can be heard. T 3. When something is banned, it’s not allowed.

F 4. When something goes in one ear and out the other, someone is paying attention.

When something goes in one ear and out the other, someone isn’t paying attention.

F 5. When something is controversial, it causes

believe (believe) a cure will be found (find) soon. 2. For a few months, Ididn’t understand(not 1. Researchers for deafness

understand) why Gill wasn’t responding to my e-mails. It turned out that I had been sending (send) e-mails to her old address. 3. Ever since they lowered their prices, their sales have increased (increase). In are fact, orders no longer being taken (take) for some of the laptops because they are sold out.

no disagreement.

When something is controversial, it causes much disagreement.

2. C omplete the passage with suitable words and phrases below.

user-friendly • available • bright overwhelmed • devoted • device portable • faint • fleet • shortcut Vision restoration used to be a fantasy. But now, thanks to technological and medical advances, several research teams are 1. devoted to working on a process that will make it a reality. This process involves inserting electrodes into the eyes, and using glasses equipped with a miniature video camera and a small 2. device called a video processor. Whatever the camera “sees” is sent to the video processor. The video processor then transmits those signals to the electrodes, which send them to the brain. This system is currently being tested on nearly 40 patients in the USA, Mexico and Europe. Some of the people don’t think that the lightweight, 3. portable equipment is particularly 4.user-friendly, as it requires a lot of practice to use it properly. But nearly all of the patients are already able to see things they couldn’t see bright lights or a 6. faint before, like 5. outline of a person or object. Researchers are definitely encouraged by this and estimate that within 20 years, various cures for blindness will be readily 7. available .


1. It started raining yesterday morning and it’s still raining. (since)

It has been raining since yesterday morning.

2. “How much did your phone cost?” Jeff asked. (Ron)

Jeff asked Ron how much his phone had cost.

3. Everyone thinks that the plan is impractical. (thought)

The plan is thought to be impractical.

4. We made a mistake by not bringing a bottle of water. (should)

We should have brought a bottle of water.

5. “I’ve been considering going to art college,” Debbie said. (mentioned)

Debbie mentioned that she had been considering going to art college.

Writing

Possible Answers

5. C omplete the sentences with a suitable word or phrase.

1. You have to buy a new Travelcard this one has expired.

because

2. In order to get physically fit, John has started going to a gym. 3. He’s totally involved in his new project, and hasn’t got time for anything else.


5

3. C omplete the captions with the expressions below.

fight back • turn ... into • get to push ... around • break up 1

Could you

into

turn

me a basketball star?

Families

Vocabulary

2

I decided to fight back this time!

3

I don’t have to do it! You can’t me around !

1. T he following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.

1. M y aunt is self-centred. I’m so excited that she’s going to have a baby! pregnant 2. T hank you for everything you’ve done for me. I’m very jealous. grateful 3. My mum’s only nephew is her twin brother.

sibling

push

4. H e’s an only child, but he’s been dating single someone for quite a while. 5. T he girl was pregnant because everyone was paying attention to the baby. jealous 6. I’m single. I don’t have brothers or sisters.

an only child

7. Y ou’re grateful. You’re not interested in other people! self-centred

4

When do I

get to

play?

8. I love being an uncle. I spoil my sibling by buying him a lot of toys. nephew 2. C hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. We cheered when we saw our good / bad marks. 2. S usan is a widow. Her husband / brother was killed in a car crash.

5

3. The decision / goal was made by the referee. 4. Let’s take a break and go back to work / relax. 5. I like all my relatives. I’m lucky to have such a nice family / nice neighbours. 6. Spouses are invited to the party at my mum’s office, so my dad / I will go with her.


I think Sally and Paul are going to break up .

Unit 5 4. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.

6. C omplete the e-mail with the correct form of the words and phrases below.

brother-in-law • grow apart • get along niece • cousin • bond • break up

marry • frustrate • lose • prefer • sense interest • construct • manage 1. T his maths problem is frustrating ! I can’t work it out. 2. In some cultures, it is traditional for a married woman to wear a gold or silver ring.

[email protected]

Hi Shelly,

sensible thing to do!

3. T hat’s not a In fact, I think it’s quite stupid.

This was supposed to be a nice family holiday in the country, but things aren’t going well so far. My sister and her husband, my 1. brother-in-law Bob, aren’t 2. getting along , and their arguments are making everyone uncomfortable. They used to bond have a strong 3. , but for some reason, they’ve 4. grown apart recently. I break up don’t think they want to 5. , but they’d better resolve their problems soon because their arguments are affecting their daughter. In fact, niece this morning, my 6. told me that she doesn’t want to get married. Isn’t that sad?

4. I like both chocolate and vanilla ice cream. I don’t have a preference .

manager ? 6. My little brother loves to construct 5. What’s the name of the office

towers with wooden building blocks. 7. Lost in shelters.

dogs often end up

8. H e’s a very interesting man, and he tells fascinating stories about his past.

I hope that everything is calmer by Saturday for my great-grandfather’s 80th birthday party. Some 7. cousins who are around my age are coming too, so I hope it’ll be a fun day.

5. M atch each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.

I

And by the way, how are my cats? I miss them – and I’m so glad you’re looking after them!

1. Ellen doesn’t take after her mum. 2. Steve and David were raised in small villages.

Love,

3. This has nothing to do with Sue or Emma.

Gill

4. They had to settle for a one-room flat. 5. They nodded in agreement. 6. They didn’t flee the area. 7. T hey found ancient pottery that had been buried thousands of years ago. 8. They smiled and faked it.


1. I would feel sad if I ever grew apart from

II


.

2. People sometimes say I take after

3 4 7 6

a. They don’t even know about it.

b. They couldn’t afford anything bigger.

3. One of my favourite relatives is

c. It was very deep in the ground.

.

d. Instead, they stayed to help after the earthquake.

4. I have inherited

.

5 2 8 1

e. That’s how I knew they approved. f. When they were 18, they both left home.

5. When someone tries to push me around, I . 6. When I take a break from studying, I like to .

g. But I knew they weren’t having a good time. h. They’re not at all alike.

.

7. There’s a strong bond between me and

.


Grammar 1. C omplete the passage with the relative pronouns below. There may be more than one correct answer.

where • which • that • who • when • whose More Than a Meal

when the whole Family meals, a time 1. family gets together, are disappearing in many homes. Between parents 2. who / that work long whose after-school hours and children 3. timetables are filled with homework, friends, sport and other activities, it’s often difficult for everyone to sit down together at the same time. However, some experts say the effort should be made. To begin with, a 1996 study found that family meals 4. that /which included lively conversation promoted language development in young children. Furthermore, mealtimes can be a time for a family to bond through shared food and conversation. This may partly explain the results of two studies 5.which / that were conducted in the USA in 2004 and involved more than 5,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 18. Both studies found a connection between frequent family where meals and higher marks, as well as lower rates of depression, alcohol and drug abuse. In fact, in homes 6. two or fewer meals each week were eaten as a family, young people were nearly twice as likely to abuse drugs and alcohol as their peers 7. who / that frequently ate with their families. 2. C omplete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. There may be more than one correct answer. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun?

1. The play that

/ which I saw last night was written by a teenager. who 2. Arnold Schwarzenegger, became famous as the star of the Terminator films , is the governor of California. 3. The week before exams is always a time

when

I spend hours in the library.

who was one of the founders of Apple Computers. where we can have coffee and dessert.

4. I’m reading about Steve Jobs, 5. Let’s go to a nice place 6. Ellen,

whose

father is a TV reporter, is studying journalism at university.

which / I bought on sale are the best pair I’ve ever had. that The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1 and 7.

7. The sunglasses

3. R ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. This is Linda. You will be working with her. (who)

This is Linda, who you will be working with.

2. I took a message for my sister. She was in the shower. (who)

I took a message for my sister, who was in the shower.

3. He downloads the songs. He gets them free online. (that)

He downloads the songs that he gets for free online.

4. I’m looking forward to next week. We’ll be on holiday then. (when)

I’m looking forward to next week, when we’ll be on holiday.

5. The company was established in 1995. It has been particularly successful since 2004. (which)

The company, which was established in 1995, has been particularly successful since 2004. / The company, which has been particularly successful since 2004, was established in 1995.


Unit 5 4. C ombine the sentences with defining or nondefining relative clauses. Add commas where necessary. Leave out the relative pronoun where possible.

1. W e’re going to Chicago in December. It will be very cold then.

We’re going to Chicago in December, when it will be very cold.

2. S teve is always taking photographs. He wants to become a professional photographer one day.

Steve, who is always taking photographs, wants to become a professional photographer one day. / Steve, who wants to become a professional photographer one day, is always taking photographs.


1. T he band that it first sang this song was My Chemical Romance.

The band that first sang this song was My Chemical Romance.

2. O live oil is used in many countries, where it has been produced for ages there.

Olive oil is used in many countries, where it has been produced for ages.

3. It’s hard to find a friend who you can rely on him.

It’s hard to find a friend who you can rely on.

4. Ottawa, in where I was born, is in Canada.

Ottawa, where I was born, is in Canada.

3. H ere is the brochure about the holiday resort. We might go to it.

5. A id is being provided to families whose their homes were destroyed in the flood.

Here is the brochure about the holiday resort that / which we might go to. / Here is the brochure about the holiday resort where we might go.

4. S ue’s father is Japanese. Sue visits Japan every July.

Sue, whose father is Japanese, visits Japan every July.

5. H er car was a gift from her parents. It was stolen.

Her car, which was a gift from her parents, was stolen. / Her car, which was stolen, was a gift from her parents.

5. C ombine the sentences using both the formal structure and the informal structure. Use correct punctuation.

1. N icole introduced me to the man. She had been talking to him.

Nicole introduced me to the man to whom she had been talking. informal: Nicole introduced me to the man who she had been talking to.

formal:

2. H urricane Katrina was a natural disaster. I am writing a report about it.

Aid is being provided to families whose homes were destroyed in the flood.


1. T he issue we are discussing has nothing to do with you.

El asunto que estamos discutiendo / del que estamos hablando no tiene nada que ver contigo.

2. Y ou must be grateful to the people who have always supported you.

Debes estar agradecido/a a la gente que siempre te ha apoyado.

3. M y cousin Jane, who is an only child, has plenty of self-confidence.

Mi prima Jane, que es hija única, tiene mucha confianza en sí misma.

4. I overheard the conversation which my parents were having in the next room.

Oí por causalidad la conversación que mis padres estaban teniendo en la habitación de al lado.

5. J immy, whose parents died in a car accident, was raised by his relatives.

Jimmy, cuyos padres murieron en un accidente de coche, fue criado por sus familiares.

Grammar Review

Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster about which I am writing a report. informal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster which I am writing a report about.


3. T he letter has just been delivered. I have been waiting for it.

3. I’m so tired. I shouldn’t have / couldn’t have / wouldn’t have stayed up so late last night.

formal:

The letter for which I have been waiting has just been delivered.

formal:

informal: The

letter which I have been waiting for has just been delivered.

1. W e took a break after we has been studying / had been studying / were studying for hours. 2. S teve denied being / to be / to have been responsible for the error.

4. I’m nervous about next week, when / that / where I have three exams. 5. C olin and Teri have been engaged / were engaged / are engaged since April.


reading

All i n th e Fam ily

1. R ead the opening sentence in the text. What can you infer from it?

When I think about how my life will be after I finish school, I can’t help thinking about how things might be if I had a different family … .

a. The writer has finished school. b. The writer hasn’t finished school.

2. R ead the rest of the text and choose the correct answer.

1. The New York Times ... . a. is owned by Rupert Murdoch b. was owned by a different family a century ago c. is an important part of Murdoch’s company d. has been run for over 100 years by one family 2. Joely Richardson ... .

a. b. c. d.

is Vanessa Redgrave’s granddaughter belongs to a well-known acting family in Britain is part of a famous American acting family is Sir Michael Redgrave’s daughter

3. F ind words or expressions in the text that mean the opposite of:

1. unlikely, improbable (paragraph 3) 2. minor (paragraph 3) 3. achieved a goal (paragraph 5)

realistic key fallen … short

4. F ind words or phrases in the text that mean the same as:

duo 2. inherited, genetic (paragraph 4) in the blood drive 3. determination (paragraph 6) 1. pair (paragraph 4)

5. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. Dudley Singleton & Daughter is an example of

a father and son / daughter small business . been as 2. Julian and Sean Lennon have not successful as their father in the music . business

If my parents were small-business owners, I could aspire to be the “son” in one of those companies with names like “Smith & Sons”. Wherever I go, I’m noticing this on signs all over London. I’ve even seen a “Dudley Singleton & Daughter”, for an estate agent’s firm. If my parents were media tycoons, I might have a realistic chance of running a newspaper or television station. The respected newspaper The New York Times has been controlled by generations of the same family for more than a century. And some of the children of Rupert Murdoch – founder and head of a worldwide media company – have held key positions in their father’s businesses. Note to Mr Murdoch: if you’d like to adopt a teenager, I’m available! If my parents were actors, I’m sure I could be a famous film star like many of the actors today. Ben Stiller’s parents were a comedy duo for years; Kate Hudson’s mother is actress Goldie Hawn; Michael Douglas’ father is actor Kirk Douglas. Drew Barrymore comes from a long line of American actors, and Joely Richardson is part of a distinguished British acting dynasty that includes her mum, Vanessa Redgrave, and grandfather, Sir Michael Redgrave. In these cases, talent seems to be in the blood! If my parents were in the music business, I might be a singer like Enrique Iglesias, the son of world-famous singer Julio Iglesias. On the other hand, John Lennon’s sons, Julian and Sean, have released CDs, but have fallen far short of the success of their Beatle father – to whom they’re inevitably compared. Obviously, family connections can help. But we shouldn’t ignore the fact that success requires drive, ability, talent and, of course, some luck – no matter who your family is.


Unit 5

writing

Your Task

1. Choose two correct answers for each question.

Writing A Narrative

Write a narrative about a friend. Write 100-150 words.

1. As soon as / Eventually / As time went on, Alan and I lost touch with each other. 2. Before / From the start / At first, I didn’t like Elliot. 3. W e saw Mike’s new flat while / when / during we were in London. 4. D iana had finished tidying up by the time / before / until I got home. 5. Eventually / All of a sudden / Suddenly, a door slammed somewhere in the house. 2. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Make certain that the verbs agree with the subject of the sentence.

1. My favourite kind of novels

is

(be) mysteries.

1. B rainstorm the events in your narrative. Try to include a problem or conflict. 2. D ecide whether or not the problem will be resolved. If so, how? If not, how will your story end? 3. O rganise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.

Plan

Opening: Describe the setting and introduce the main characters. Body: Relate the events in the story, including a problem or conflict. Closing: Tell how the story ends.

needs (need) to buy different things, so 2. E ach of us let’s meet after we shop.

4. Write a first draft.

3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents give (give) dishonest answers.

5. U se the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft.

4. Rice and beans

taste

(taste) good together.

3. C omplete the narrative with suitable expressions of time and sequence. There may be more than one correct answer.

The Perfect Gift Possible Answers For as long as I can remember, my parents have given me disappointing birthday presents – things like shirts, jeans and trainers, instead of rollerblades and video At first games.1. , when I was younger, I complained, but it didn’t do any good. 2. As time went on , I gave up, and my parents’ bad choices of birthday gifts became a family joke.

Checklist

I followed the plan for a narrative. I used a variety of expressions of time and sequence. I used correct subject/verb agreement. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.

That’s why last Monday morning, on my 17th birthday, As soon as I had no expectations. 3. I walked into the kitchen, my parents said, “Happy birthday!” 4. All of a sudden , my mum handed me a present. The size and shape of the box made me think “trainers”. “ Thanks! Great!” I said, faking more enthusiasm than I felt. “ Try them on,” my mum When suggested. 5. I lifted up one shoe, I noticed something inside it. It was an iPhone. I was so shocked I couldn’t speak. My dad said, “I think we 6. finally got you something you want!”


45


Grammar


4. C omplete the passage with a suitable relative pronoun.

1. I was raised in Montreal, Canada. I lived there until I was two / twenty.

when teens and amily holidays, those times 1. F parents spend long hours together, can be difficult. whose I speak from experience, as a teen 2. parents insist on a two-week trip every year, preferably one 3.that / which keeps us all very close to each other. We’ve even been to isolated beach resorts 4. where we’ve spent the entire holiday. I’m not which have some opposed to family holidays, 5. who benefits – including parents 6. pay for everything! I love my parents, but they’re not people whom I want to spend 24 hours a day. with 7. which hurt They’ve finally accepted that fact, 8. their feelings, but it had an effect. For the first time, we’re planning our holiday together. We’re making sure to include plenty of free time 9. that / which we can each spend separately.

2. W e don’t usually get along, but last night we had a good time together / an argument. 3. J ane settled for £5 per hour, which was exactly / less than what she’d asked for. 4. S ylvia takes after her grandmother in many ways. For example, they’re both artists / Sylvia brings her groceries every week. 5. H e inherited this watch from his boss / grandfather. 6. She nodded and said, “You’re right / wrong.” 2. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases below.

cheer • push ... around • flee grow apart • take a break • turn ... into 1. I missed American Idol last night. Which singer cheer for the most? did the audience

5. C ombine the sentences with the words in brackets.

2. W e’d been rehearsing for four hours before we finallytook a break.

1. J anine didn’t change her opinion on the matter. We had argued with her for an hour. (whom)

3. Ned is a bully, and he around .

pushes

turned 4. They bought a large house and into a bed-and-breakfast hotel. flee

5. L uckily, they were able to fire and weren’t hurt.

Janine,

with whom we had argued for an hour, didn’t change her opinion on the matter.

people it

from the

6. We’re such good friends. I hope we never grow apart . 3. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Sharon is studying timemanagement(manage).

interesting (interest) series. 3. The airline passengers were frustrated 2. It’s an

(prefer) a table inside

5. M y grandparents are a happily (marry) couple.

I’m looking forward to June, when I’ll be finished with school.

3. S teven lives in Fulton Street. My favourite restaurant is also there. (where)

Steven lives in Fulton Street, where my favourite restaurant is.

Writing 6. C omplete the sentences with a suitable connector or time expression.

1. At first , Michelle didn’t speak French well, but eventually / , she became fluent.

as time went on

(frustrate) by the long delay.

prefer 4. W ould you or on the patio?

2. I’m looking forward to June. I’ll be finished with school then. (when)

married

2. I had just fallen asleep when the phone suddenly rang. However, by the time I managed to answer it, the caller had hung up.


Unit 5


Grammar

1. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.


1. T hat’s the first sensible had all weekend!

(sense) idea you’ve

2. M y parents rarely give each other (expense) gifts.

expensive

1. “ I’m not going to watch the DVD because I’ve already seen the film twice,” explained Cara. (that)

Cara explained that she wasn’t going to watch the DVD because she had already seen the film twice.

manager (manage) of a small shop. 4. We watched in amazement (amaze) as the 3. She’s the

athlete broke the world record.

interested (interest) in old coins? 6. We always receive marvellous (marvel) service at 5. Are you

this restaurant.

2. It’s possible that James’ flight was delayed by bad weather. (might)

James’ flight might have been delayed by bad weather.

3. I can’t wait until this weekend. I’m going to a U2 concert. (when)

2. Complete the passage with suitable words or expressions below.

pressing • emerge • greenhouse effect break up • trend • inhabit • harmful marriage • see eye to eye • remain get to • launch

get to nce a year, people in Britain 1. O learn what their fellow citizens think about a wide range of subjects – from politics to environmental concerns, such as the 2. greenhouse – thanks to the British Social effect Attitudes Report. Since the first survey, which was done more than 25 years ago, new attitudes have started to 3. emerge about family-related subjects, such 4. marriage and children. For example, there as trend is a strong acceptance of the growing 5. of “non-traditional” family units. In fact, 66% of people surveyed in 2006 said that they considered legal marriage and living together as virtually the same thing. And 90% of respondents in that same survey appear pressing to 6. see eye to eye on the 7. need for a law that applies to unmarried couples who 8. break up . This law would mean that they must share the same financial obligations as married couples who divorce. Despite these more liberal attitudes about family, it seems that one thing continues remain to 9. the same since the survey’s first year: more women than men do household chores such as laundry and cleaning.

I can’t wait until this weekend, when I’m going to a U2 concert.

4. T hey’re not designing a new website for our school until next year. (designed)

A new website for our school won’t be designed until next year.

5. The doctor examined Mark’s eyes yesterday. (had)

Mark had his eyes examined by the doctor yesterday.

6. I regret buying this very expensive watch. (bought)

I shouldn’t have bought this very expensive watch.

Writing 4. Correct the sentences.

1. I enjoy swimming, cooking and to play computer games.

I enjoy swimming, cooking and playing computer games.

2. I wasn’t pleased with my mark in the exam, I didn’t fail.

I wasn’t pleased with my mark in the exam, although I didn’t fail.

3. Marta almost speaks perfect English.

Marta speaks almost perfect English.

4. Each of the restaurants were expensive.

Each of the restaurants was expensive. 47


6

A Good Buy Vocabulary 1. C omplete the dialogues with the correct form of the words and phrases below.

snap up • get rid of • afford • nag stuff • merchandise • make excuses on sale • overpriced • pay the bills make an effort • belongings

2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.

Across 3. This shirt is too large, so I’d like to smaller size.

4. We don’t swimsuits at this time of year, but the sports shop has them all year round. 5. What

of shampoo do you use?

6. There’s a huge on gym memberships this month. We can save 40%! 8. If you want to return an item, you must have your . 9. I’m sorry you weren’t satisfied with the product, sir. I’ll be happy to give you a full . Down 1. Is rental of the scuba-diving price of the lessons? 2. These shoes are a real

Mark: I wonder if they’ll regret buying them when they have to 6. pay the bills at the end of the month.

included in the

at only £20.

6. Michelle has a large amount of credit-card

.

7. I on dessert and ate a huge piece of chocolate cake.

Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive! afford I can’t 1. anything, not even the 2. on sale things that are . Rose: You’re right. Everything’s terribly overpriced , but it doesn’t seem to matter 3. to all of these customers who are 4. snapping up the shop’s 5. merchandise , especially the sweaters.

it for a

4

1

g

3

e

6

i

d

e b t s

Mum: I want you to tidy up your room – today! I’m tired of seeing so many of your 7. belongings on the floor and piled on your chair.

nagging Lucy: I know! You keep 8. me about it! But I don’t have anywhere else to put some stuff of that 9. ! Mum: Stop trying to 10. make excuses . I’m sure you’ve got things you don’t wear or use any more. I suggest that you 11. make an effort to look through your things and see what you’re willing to 12. get rid of . We can donate it to the charity shop, and then you’ll have plenty of space. Lucy: But, Mum!


r

x c h a n g e

s

r g 5 b r a n d i c o u n t

p l u

7

8

9

b

a r y

a r

c

2

r

e c e

i

g e d

f u n d

p

t

Unit 6 3. C omplete the sentences with the correct form of do, make or pay.

5. C omplete the online consumer column with the correct form of the words and phrases below.

1. I’ll speak with Edna about the problem, but that do might more harm than good.

stock up on • shop around • afford outlet • price tag • come to • merchandise go out of business

2. It took Joe quite a while to at his new school.

make

friends

paid 3. We a fortune for the concert tickets, but they were worth it. 4. They were in the neighbourhood, so they paid us a visit. 5. We order our groceries online now, so we don’t do have to go out to the shopping. 6. Many of my friends now to eat locally-grown food.

do

their best

7. His parents have refused to help him his debts.

pay


1. We had a huge bonfire on the beach / in our flat yesterday. 2. My neighbour’s a doctor, whose pastime is working in a hospital / painting landscapes. 3. Due to our culture of consumerism, many of us eat / spend more than we should. 4. Some small shopkeepers lost customers when the new supermarket / cinema opened. 5. One of the benefits of living here is being able to enjoy this incredible view / having no view. 6. I’ve got too many gadgets. For instance, I don’t need three MP3 players / frying pans. 7. The company recently improved the exercise equipment / working conditions in this sweatshop. 8. We were teasing Sam, but he thought we were joking / serious. 9. Every day, thousands of commuters / free newspapers are given out during rush hour in cities all over Europe. 10. It took a long time to pick out a pair of earrings for Laura, but I eventually found the perfect gift for her / helped her get them out of her ears.

Shopping with

Cyndi

For consumers who want designer brands at prices they can 1. afford , the best outlets places to go are 2. . 3. Merchandise ends up there for various reasons. Some items may have small flaws, such as a missing button; others may be from a previous season, or left over odd sizes and colours; others come from small clothing companies that have failed and gone out of . To fully appreciate the 4. business bargains you’re likely to get in an outlet, 5. shop around and take a look at the 6. price tags on things in trendy boutiques. Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and 7. stock up on clothing. You’ll be pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill 8. comes to . 6. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

1. The gadget I couldn’t do without is Accept all logical and grammatically

.

2. My favourite pastime is

.

3. The most recent bargain I got was

.

4. My parents sometimes nag me

.

5. The last time I did someone a favour

.

6. When someone pays me a compliment, I feel

.

7. I once exchanged

.

correct answers.

8. When I want to treat myself to something, I splurge on . 9. One of the benefits of living where I do is

.


Grammar

3. C omplete the thought bubbles with a logical continuation.

Possible Answers 1


had smiled (smile), this would 1. If Dave have been a better photo of all of us. 2. It would be more pleasant to shop here if the were sales assistants (be) a bit nicer.

I wish I I

3. If you arrange the furniture differently, the will look room (look) bigger.

had taken the bus

.

2

4. Ron can’t exchange the DVD unless he has (have) the receipt. 5. I wouldn’t have been able to afford this coat if it hadn’t been (not be) on sale. 6. Call me when you at the station.

arrive

(arrive)

shouldn’t/

If only I had

7. You (not buy) the shoes if mustn’t buy they aren’t comfortable.

is 8. Let’s call Lesley. If she at home now, we can pay her a visit.

studied

.

3

(be)

9. I would have been angry if I hadn’t received (not receive) a full refund. 10. Mary won’t be able to come to the party unless gives someone (give) her a lift. I wish we

2. C omplete the sentences. Do not change the original meanings. There may be more than one correct answer.

had arrived earlier

.

4

1. Jody hated the film, so she walked out in the middle.

Jody hadn’t hated the film, she wouldn’t have walked out in the middle .

If

2. You can’t use the pool without being a hotel guest. Unless you’re

a hotel guest, you can’t use

the pool

.

3. I think you should buy those sunglasses.

If I

I wish I had

bought petrol

.

5

were you, I’d buy those sunglasses .

4. Because I know everyone here, I’m not too nervous about speaking to the group. If I didn’t

know everyone here, I’d be nervous about speaking to the group

. I wish they would


turn it down

.

Unit 6 4. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Buy While You Fly could buy If you 1. (buy) Internet access or train tickets during a flight to New would York or London,2. you choose (choose) to do so? Passengers on some flights are already being offered this kind of on-board retail service, and as soon as some minor technological problems with in-flight sales 3. are solved (solve), theatre and theme 4. may be offered park tickets (may offer) 5. turns out as well. If this (turn out) to be a profitable experiment, there’s little doubt that the trend will spread. Passengers interviewed recently at London’s Heathrow Airport expressed varying opinions on the subject. Patricia Lowry, who frequently visits her boyfriend in New York, said, were “I wish there 6. (be) Internet 7. would access on all flights. I use definitely (use) it, even if I had to pay a few pounds for it.” Robert Jones, a software would hate (hate) it if designer, said, “I 8. had I 9. (have) to read and respond to work-related e-mails while flying. However, I 10. wouldn’t mind (not mind) being able to buy a Travelcard for the Underground on board.” What’s your opinion? Is there something you wish you 11. had bought / (buy) on your last flight? could have bought

5. R ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

6 . Correct the errors.

1. She won’t buy that T-shirt unless they gave her a discount.

She won’t buy that T-shirt unless they give her a discount.

2. If it hadn’t snowed last night, the roads would haven’t been slippery.

If it hadn’t snowed last night, the roads

wouldn’t have been slippery. 3. We wish we would go to the sale tomorrow.

We wish we could go to the sale tomorrow. 4. As soon as Sam will arrive, we’ll go out for dinner. As soon as Sam arrives, we’ll go dinner. 5. If only we knew the truth yesterday.

If only we had known the truth yesterday.

7. Translate the following sentences.

1. Please let me know as soon as you make a decision.

Por favor, házmelo saber / avísame tan pronto como tomes una decisión.

2. If I were you, I would pay back all my debts.

Si yo estuviera en tu lugar / Yo, en tu lugar, pagaría todas mis deudas.

3. I wish I hadn’t forgotten my belongings at the airport.

Ojalá no hubiera olvidado mis pertenencias en el aeropuerto.

4. We wouldn’t have stocked up on olive oil if there hadn’t been a sale.

No habríamos comprado tanto aceite de oliva si no hubiera habido una oferta.

5. If only we could get rid of all these old boxes.

Ojalá / Si al menos pudiéramos deshacernos de todas estas cajas viejas.

1. I didn’t bring my wallet, so I can’t buy this. (if)

Grammar Review

2. It’s too bad I don’t drive. (wish)


If I had brought my wallet, I could/would have bought this. / I could/would have bought this if I had brought my wallet.

I wish I could drive.

3. We aren’t going to the beach today because it’s raining. (if)

If it weren’t raining, we would go to the beach. / We would go to the beach if it weren’t raining. 4. I hate being so short! (wish)

I wish I weren’t so short.

5. I regret not studying for the exam. (if only)

If only I had studied for the exam.

6. I won’t be able to concentrate if Gwen doesn’t turn down the music. (unless)

Unless Gwen turns down the music, I won’t able to concentrate. / I won’t be able to be concentrate unless Gwen turns down the music.

out for

1. My brother, who / whom / that none of you have met, is finally coming to visit! 2. They had worked / had been working / worked for hours before they finally took a break. 3. Jessica suggested that we went / going / to go to the beach. 4. My muscles hurt! I wish I didn’t work out / wouldn’t have worked out / hadn’t worked out so much yesterday. 5. I can’t understand Jim unless he speaks / will speak / would speak slowly.


reading

WHAT ARE THEY REALLY SELLING YOU?

1. R ead the text and decide who or what the words in bold refer to.

advertising adverts 2. them (paragraph 2) using sex appeal for 3. that (paragraph 3) advertising luxury / designer brands 4. them (paragraph 3) consumers 1. it (paragraph 1)

2. F ind words in the text that mean the opposite of:

subtly memorable 2. easy to forget (paragraph 2) 3. in the same way (paragraph 2) conversely 1. in an obvious way (paragraph 1)

3. C hoose the correct answer according to the text.

1.

Mobile phones are mentioned because ... . a. they’re simple to advertise b. of the way they’re advertised c. adverts are sent to some of them d. they all advertise products

2. Humorous advertisements ... . a. are less effective than adverts with sex appeal b. account for approximately one-third of adverts c. don’t succeed in helping people remember a product d. are the third most successful type 4. A nswer the questions according to information in the text.

1. Why is sex appeal not always successful in an advert?

Because it focuses people’s attention on the models rather than on the product or brand name.

2. What is the message in some adverts for luxury brands?

To remind consumers of the privileged lifestyle that the brand represents.

3. What is breakfast cereal an example of?

It is an example of a product that sometimes uses nostalgia as an advertising approach.

There seems to be no escape from advertising. We’re exposed to it through hoardings, on public transport, in newspapers, magazines, in the cinema, on television and radio, online, and even on some mobile phones. Although the aim of advertising is to sell a product, the message is rarely as simple as, “Buy This!” Instead, adverts are usually designed to subtly influence a consumer by selling something beyond the product, such as an attitude, a personality, a lifestyle or a feeling of belonging. Think about adverts you’ve seen recently. Most likely, many of them involve humour or sex appeal – two popular approaches. Surprisingly, some advertising professionals say that humour can be more effective than sex appeal, which is perhaps why it’s estimated to have a role in nearly a third of adverts. Apparently, humour quickly captures our attention and makes the product memorable. Conversely, adverts that rely on sex appeal – with, for instance, provocative photos of good-looking men or women – often focus people’s attention on the models rather than on the product or brand name. However, for luxury or designer brands, that is not necessarily a disadvantage. In adverts for high-end products like expensive cars and clothing, sex appeal is often paired with snob appeal. These types of adverts treat the brand as already so well-known, respected and desired, that it’s unnecessary to try to “sell” it to the targeted consumers. All that’s necessary is to remind them of the privileged lifestyle that the brand represents. Among the other advertising approaches used are celebrity spokespeople (George Clooney selling coffee machines), self-improvement (a favourite in cosmetics adverts), nostalgia (often used for everyday, “unexciting” products, such as breakfast cereals), and crowd appeal (often used to sell gadgets, by implying that “everyone” is buying and talking about them). The next time an advertisement touches your emotions, makes you feel envious, or tempts you to buy a product, stop for a moment and analyse why!


Unit 6

writing

Your Task

Read the text and summary below. Underline the two unnecessary sentences in the summary.

writing a Summary

Summarise the text on page 52. Write 50-70 words.

Faces, Faces, Everywhere Since 1916, Planters Peanuts, a popular American product, has featured a character called Mr Peanut on its product labels and in adverts. For more than a century, advertisements for Tio Pepe have featured a bottle of the product wearing clothes, and those for Michelin, the French tyre, map and guidebook company, have used the Michelin Man – who looks as if he’s made of tyres. What these, and countless other examples, have in common is that they all present a product with distinctly human characteristics. And that, according to some recent studies, may be part of the reason for their success. One study by researchers from the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago found that people respond most positively to packaging or products which look human. The tendency to see a face in an object is particularly pronounced when it comes to cars. In a recent study, nearly one-third of the participants perceived the fronts of cars as faces, and even saw them as having happy, serious or aggressive expressions. As for why we see human forms and faces in objects and give them human traits, some researchers think the reason is that this evolved as an important survival skill during human development. This caused the brain to eventually become biologically programmed to see “faces” everywhere. Summary: Both the Michelin Man and a Tio Pepe bottle, dressed like a person, have been used in the companies’ adverts for over 100 years. Recent research has shown that people react most favourably to products that resemble a person. The study on how people perceived cars was done by researchers from two universities. The tendency to see faces in objects may have developed biologically because being able to recognise and understand facial expressions was crucial for survival as man developed.

1. R ead the original text carefully and decide which facts to include. Choose only the main ideas, leaving out less important details, as well as examples. 2. W rite this information in one paragraph. Paraphrase rather than copy the information. Shorten sentences or combine them in order to be more concise. 3. Y our first attempt will probably be too long. Look it over carefully in order to find:

a. points you can delete while still preserving the main idea.

b. places where you can make your language more concise.

4. A reader of your summary should be able to get the main idea of what the article is about. See whether this is true about your summary. If not, have you included enough information? You may have to omit a minor point and add a more important point. 5. M ake sure the sentences in your paragraph follow each other smoothly and make a logical whole. Checklist

I followed the steps for a summary. I included only the main ideas. I paraphrased rather than copied. My summary forms a logical whole. I simplified my sentences where possible. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.


53


Grammar

1. C omplete the blog with the words and phrases below.


consumerism • pastime • overpriced make an effort • afford • doing their best brands • pay their bills

don’t have 1. If I for the film tonight, lend

(not have) enough cash will you (lend) me some?

Which country do you think has the most fashion-conscious teens: the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil or Britain? According to a recent survey, the answer is Britain, where teens’ favourite 1. pastime seems to be shopping for clothes. In response to the survey’s question of what they would continue to buy even if they couldn’t 2. afford it, British teens, more than teens in other countries, chose new clothes. And they are 3. doing their to best prove that they mean it. Estimates are that British teens spent over £130 million a week during the summer of 2009 – and a good portion of that was on clothing and fashion accessories. Furthermore, other reports have shown that 4. brands are important to British teens, as is being the first to buy the latest styles, even if these fashion items are 5. overpriced . Some teens 6. pay their with earnings from part-time jobs, but bills in most cases, parents end up paying as well. Perhaps that’s why our kids never 7. make an to spend effort less! I think it’s time that we stopped supporting our children’s dedication to 8.consumerism !

lived 2. I wish I (live) in a big city. Living in the country is boring.


1. The groceries were expensive this week. They snapped up / came to / carried £85! 2. Some people stock up on / splurge on / exchange bottled water for an emergency. 3. Suzanne’s bought a lot of sports debts / gear / belongings over the years. 4. Everything in the shop was on sale / out of bounds / going out of business, so I spent less than I thought I would. 5. My brother is sometimes nagged / picked out / teased because he’s not good at football. 6. Some theatres give out / shop around / get rid of coupons for cheap seats.

will be (be) tired when she arrives (arrive) tomorrow morning. hadn’t sold (not sell) my 4. I wish I 3. Jenny

motorcycle for so little money. If only I had waited (wait) for a better offer! 4. R ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. It’s a pity you can’t come to the bonfire! (if only)

If only you could come to the bonfire!

2. It’s too bad I didn’t take more photos of the street markets. (I wish)

I wish I had taken more photos of the street markets.

3. You won’t be able to live within your budget if you don’t become more price conscious. (unless) You

won’t be able to live within your budget unless you become more price conscious.

4. I didn’t meet my friends last night because I was too tired to go out. (if)

If I hadn’t been too tired to go out, I would have met my friends last night.

Writing 5. P araphrase the sentence below. Use the words provided, and make any necessary changes.

Shopaholism, a growing problem around the world, affects mainly women, approximately ten per cent of whom are currently estimated to suffer from the condition. shopaholism • on the rise • affecting approximately • ten per cent of women • globally

Shopaholism is on the rise, affecting approximately ten per cent of women globally.


Unit 6


Grammar

1. C omplete the e-mail with the correct form of the verbs below. Some verbs are used more than once.

3. C omplete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

catch • make • pay • do • forward charge • take • go Hi Anne, I remembered to 1. charge my laptop, so I could take it with me to Rosie’s Café, where I’m sitting now. make an effort to start I’m finally going to 2. writing my book report. I guess I’m 3. paying the price for putting it off for so long. You’re so lucky to be in New York! It was so nice of take your mum to 4. you by surprise and offer 5. go you the chance to abroad with her on her business trip. Are you 6. taking a million photos? And – have you 7. caught sight of any good-looking guys?

do I’ll 8. my best to get by without you for the next four days. LOL. Have fun! Susie PS I’m 9. forwarding an attachment that I think will make you laugh! 2. C omplete the sentences with a suitable word or phrase below.

make mistakes • outrageous • deafening engaged • set off • approach • whisper out of bounds • mouth-watering • fence stare • turn out • available • carry • tasty nothing to do with • start over • fiancée

fence around this area because of to the public. bounds 2. So far, Jeff and his fiancée haven’t told anyone that they’re engaged . 1. There’s a out it’s

3. The band’s rehearsal was terrible tonight. The singer kept making , so we had to mistakes constantly start over .

carry 4. Most bookshops don’t available but they’re online.

her novels,

mouth- aroma, but it 5. The soup had a watering tasty . wasn’t very

buys Imagine one day a year where nobody 1. (buy) anything. Well, that’s the aim of Buy Nothing Day, which 2. was created(create) in 1991 by the artist Ted Dave. Dave 3. thought (think) of the idea when he 4. realised (realise) the amount of money he 5. had spent (spend) that year on stuff like cups of coffee and desserts. That 6. started (start) him thinking about consumerism, and he eventually 7. promoted (promote) the idea of Buy Nothing Day. Since it was first launched, Buy Nothing Day has become (become) a global “holiday”, with participants and a wide range of activities in numerous countries. If you want to participate in the next Buy Nothing Day, you 9. can/should (look it up) online to look it up is get details of how it 10. (celebrate) in your celebrated area. 8.

4. C omplete the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. If I don’t have to work late, I’ll meet you at six.

have to work late, I’ll meet you Unless I at six .

2. “I’ve been hoping you would call tonight!”

had been hoping that I would call him that night .

James told me that he

3. There’s Lady Gaga! I’ve been waiting to see her.

who I’ve been waiting There’s Lady Gaga, to see .

Writing 5. C omplete the sentences with a suitable word or phrase.

1. My favourite types of books fiction and fantasy novels.

are

2. I’m buying two pairs of shoes they’re on sale!

because

3. Neither Gwen nor her sister They’re both vegetarians.

eats

science

meat.


Viewpoints 2 Workbook

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