Verbos seguidos de infinitivo y gerundio en inglés

USO DEL INFINITIVO Y DEL GERUNDIO EN INGLÉS. VERBS FOLL FOL L OWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE OR A GERUND GERUND 1. Verbs followed by an infinitive with “to”. Verb Afford Agree Appear Arrange

Examples I can’t afford to fail the exam. He agreed to help me. His health appeared to be better. Naomi arranged to stay with her cousin in Miami. She asked to leave. He chose to help his father. She continued to walk. Have they decided to move again? He deserves to go to jail. They expect to arrive early. I hope to begin college this year. We intend to visit you next spring. I learnt to speak German when I was a  boy. He managed to open the door without a key. I didn’t mean to hurt you. Frank offered to drive us to the airport. We plan to go to the USA this summer. He prefers to eat at 7pm They prepared to take the test. She promised to stop smoking. She refused to tell me. I don’t want to go with you

Ask Choose Continue Decide Deserve Expect Hope Intend Learn Manage Mean Offer Plan Prefer Prepare Promise Refuse Want

2. Expressions or modals followed by an infinitive. infinitive . Expression Used to Would like to Ought to Be able to Have to

Example I used to travel a lot when I was younger I would like to introduce you to… I ought to do more exercise I was able to open the door I have to leave now.

3. Verbs followed by an object and an infinitive. infinitive . Verb Advise Allow Ask

Examples The teacher advised the students to study harder. My father allowed me to stay out late. I must ask you to reconsider your statement.

Beg

They begged her to stay for another month. She encouraged him to keep trying. They didn’t expect us to win the prize. The teacher forbade us to use translators. We invite you to attend the ceremony. He ordered the group to leave the  building. He prepared his son to be a scientist. The student promised the teacher not to cheat again. Please remind him to check the references. They will require you to submit an outline. We should teach them to follow standard  procedures. Did she tell you to make three copies? I don’t want you to come. Why didn’t they warn me to turn down the heating?

Encourage Expect Forbid Invite Order Prepare Promise Remind Require Teach Tell Want Warn

4. Verbs followed by a gerund. gerund . Verb Admit Appreciate Avoid Consider Deny Finish Keep Mention Mind Miss Practise Quit (AE) Risk Suggest

Example He admitted cheating on the test. I appreciated her helping me. I avoided talking to him. She considered moving to Paris He denied committing the crime. He finished doing his homework. Mary keeps talking about her problems. He mentioned going to that college. Do you mind waiting here? She misses living near the beach. She practised singing the song. She quit worrying about the problem. He risked being caught. She suggested going to a film.

5. Expressions followed by a gerund. gerund . Expression Can’t stand Don’t mind Feel like It’s no use Look forward to Get used to Be used to Spend (time) doing Waste (time )doing

Examples I can’t stand being late for appointments. I don’t mind getting up early. I feel like having a shower. It’s no use trying another method. I’m looking forward to hearing about you. She’s getting used to working long hours. I’m used to reading in English. He spent all day sending e-mails. He wasted his life writing bad novels.

6. Verbs followed by an infinitive without “to”.

Verbs Let Make

Examples He let me use the dictionary. You have made the baby cry.

VERBS FOLL FOL L OWED BY GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES INFINITIVES (DIFFERENT MEANING) begin

She began singing. She began to sing. CUANDO "BEGIN" SE USA EN TIEMPOS NO CONTINUOS , SE PUEDEN USAR EL GERUNDIO O EL INFINITIVO INDISTINTAMENTE .

start

Marge started talking really fast. Marge started to talk really fast. CUANDO "START" SE USA EN TIEMPOS NO CONTINUOS , SE PUEDEN USAR EL

She is beginning to sing. PERO SI LO USAMOS EN TIEMPOS CONTINUOS, VA SEGUIDO DE INFINITIVO (PARA ASÍ EVITAR DOS VERBOS EN -ING SEGUIDOS).

Marge is starting to talk really fast. PERO SI LO USAMOS EN TIEMPOS CONTINUOS, VA SEGUIDO DE INFINITIVO (PARA ASÍ EVITAR DOS VERBOS EN -ING SEGUIDOS).

GERUNDIO O EL INFINITIVO INDISTINTAMENTE .

dread

She dreaded taking the test. NORMALMENTE VA SEGUIDO DE GERUNDIO.

forget

He dreaded to think of the consequences of his actions. "DREAD" A VECES VA SEGUIDO DE LOS VERBOS "THINK" O "CONSIDER." EN INFINITIVO. "DREADED TO THINK" SIGNIFICA "DID NOT WANT TO THINK ." EN LA ORACIÓN DE ANTERIOR.

She forgot reading the book when she was a kid.

She forgot to pay the rent this month.

CUANDO "FORGET" SE USA CON GERUNDIO, SIGNIFICA "OLVIDAR HABER HECHO ALGO (CON  ANTERIORIDAD)." L A ORACIÓN

CUANDO SE USA CON INFINITIVO , SIGNIFICA "OLVIDARSE DE HACER ALGO." LA ORACIÓN

 ANTERIOR SIGNIFICA QUE ELLA LEYÓ EL LIBRO SIENDO NIÑA , PERO LO HABÍA OLVIDADO.”

 ANTERIOR SIGNIFICA QUE ELLA SE HA OLVIDADO DE PAGAR LA RENTA ESTE MES . OLVIDARSE DE LUEGO HACER ALGO

HACER ALGO Y LUEGO OLVIDARSE DE HABERLO HECHO.

remember

I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday.

He remembered to turn off the lights before he left.

CUANDO "REMEMBER" SE USA CON GERUNDIO, SIGNIFICA "RECORDAR HABER HECHO ALGO ." LA ORACIÓN  ANTERIOR SIGNIFICA QUE AYER MENCIONÉ LA CONFERENCIA Y AHORA RECUERDO HABERLO HECHO .

CUANDO SE USA CON INFINITIVO , SIGNIFICA " ACORDARSE DE HACER ALGO (DESPUÉS).” LA ORACIÓN ANTERIOR SIGNIFICA QUE ME  ACORDÉ DE APAGAR LAS LUCES ANTES DE SALIR.

“RECORDAR HACER ALGO” “RECORDAR BHABER HECHO ALGO,”

keep

She kept talking.

The attackers kept hostages to prevent the police from entering.

"KEEP" VA SEGUIDO NORMALMENTE DE GERUNDIO PARA DECIR QUE SIGUES HACIENDO UNA ACCIÓN .

"KEEP" TAMBIÉN PUEDE USARSE SEGUIDO DE OBJETO E INFINITIVO, PERO ENTONCES HAY QUE INTERPRETAR EL INFINITIVO COMO UNA ORACIÓN FINAL (“PARA” + INFINITIVO).EN LA ORACIÓN ANTERIOR , LOS  ASALTANTES COGIERON REHENES PARA EVITAR QUE LA POLICÍA ENTRARA.

need

The house needs cleaning. CUANDO "NEED" SE USA CON GERUNDIO, TIENE SIGNIFICADO PASIVO. LA CASA NECESITA SER LIMPIADA / SE NECESITA LIMPIAR LA CASA

regret

I regretted being late to the interview. "REGRET" SE USA NORMALMENTE CON GERUNDIO . “L AMENTO HABER HECHO ALGO ( ANTERIORMENTE).” IMPLICA  ARREPENTIMIENTO .

a) He needs to call his boss. b) He needs him to call his boss. "NEED" NORMALMENTE SE USA CON INFINITIVO ( A) O CON OBJETO + INFINITIVO (B).

We regret to inform you that your position at the company is being eliminated.  A VECES SE USA SEGUIDO DE INFINITIVO CON VERBOS COMO "TO INFORM " O “TO SAY.” LA ORACIÓN DE ARRIBA SIGNIFICA "LAMENTAMOS TENER QUE INFORMARLE DE QUE..." (OJALÁ NO TUVIÉRAMOS QUE HACERLO). IMPLICA MALAS NOTICIAS. “L AMENTO TENER QUE...”

stop

He stopped smoking for health reasons.

He stopped to rest for a few minutes.

"STOP" SE USA NORMALMENTE CON GERUNDIO.

CUANDO SE USA CON INFINITIVO , ÉSTE SE

“DEJAR DE...”

INTERPRETA COMO UNA ORACIÓN FINAL

(“PARA” + INFINITIVO). EN LA ORACIÓN  ANTERIOR “ÉL PARÓ PARA DESCANSAR UNOS MINUTOS.” “P ARAR PARA...”

try

She can't find a job. She tried looking in the paper, but there was nothing. She tried asking friends and family, but nobody knew of anything. She also tried going shop to shop, but nobody was hiring.

She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn't even get off the ground. CUANDO VA SEGUIDO DE INFINITIVO , SIGNIFICA “INTENTAR HACER ALGO (PORQUE QUIERES HACERLO). EN LA ORACIÓN  ANTERIOR “ELLA INTENTÓ SUBIR AL ÁRBOL ”, PERO NO LO CONSIGUIÓ .

"TRY + GERUND" SIGNIFICA PROBAR POR DISTINTOS MEDIOS PARA VER SI  ALGO FUNCIONA 8SUELE IMPLICAR UN PROBLEMA QUE SURGE Y AL QUE HAY QUE BUSCAR SOLUCIÓN).

“INTENTAR HACER ALGO.”

Try not to wake the t he baby when you get up tomorrow at 5 AM. “PROBAR HACIENDO ALGO.”  AN INFINITIVE IS ALSO USED IF YOU ARE

She tried eating the snake soup, but she didn't like it. "TRY + GERUND" IS OFTEN USED WHEN YOU EXPERIMENT WITH SOMETHING, BUT YOU DO NOT REALLY LIKE IT OR WANT TO DO IT AGAIN .

 ASKING SOMEONE TO TRY SOMETHING THEY MAY OR MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH .