VAUGHAN CL ASSROOM I ngl ésI nt ens i vo Pr i nc i pi ant e
Contents PAGE 02
Translation Booklet 1
PAGE 29
Vocabulary Booklet 1
PAGE 50
Presentations and Public Speaking
PAGE 57
Cloverdale’s Characters
PAGE 62
Sudoku Inglés
PAGE 67
Most Common Irregular Verbs
PAGE 68
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
PAGE 69
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Translation Booklet
1
LIST 1 - Possessive pronouns / adjectives (1)
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Dónde está el mío?
Where’s mine?
2.
¿Quién tiene el de Pepe?
Who has Pepe’s?
3.
Los míos y los de él son muy parecidos.
Mine and his are very similar.
4.
Los nuestros no fueron elegidos.
Ours weren’t chosen.
5.
¿Por qué son más grandes los tuyos que los míos?
Why are yours bigger than mine?
6.
El de ellos es del mismo color que el de ella.
Theirs is the same color as hers.
7.
Los de Pepe no llegarán hasta finales de mes.
Pepe’s won’t arrive until the end of the month.
8.
Estos se parecen mucho a los de él.
These look a lot like his.
9.
¿De quién son estos?
Whose are these?
10.
¿De quiénes eran los que vi ayer?
Whose were the ones I saw yesterday?
11.
¿De quién es este libro?
Whose book is this?
12.
Antes era mío pero ahora es de Pepe.
It used to be mine but now it’s Pepe’s.
13.
El mío es el que está en el estante.
Mine is the one on the shelf.
14.
El de ellos es el azul.
Theirs is the blue one.
15.
El verde antes era mío.
The green one used to be mine.
16.
El de ella es el que está en el suelo.
Hers is the one on the floor.
17.
El tuyo se perdió.
Yours was lost.
18.
Los nuestros son mucho más brillantes que los de él.
Ours are much brighter than his.
19.
El de ella no llegó a tiempo para ser incluido.
Hers didn’t arrive in time to be included.
20.
¿Por qué fue excluido el nuestro?
Why was ours excluded? (Left out)
21.
El de ellos estaba encima del mío.
Theirs was on top of mine.
22.
El libro de María está al lado del tuyo.
Mary’s book is next to yours.
23.
El vuestro fue rechazado.
Yours was rejected.
24.
El de él fue aceptado.
His was accepted.
25.
París es famoso por su arte.
Paris is famous for its art.
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PAGE 3
LIST 2 - Possessive pronouns / adjectives (2)
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Tu libro y el mío están hechos de un material parecido.
Your book and mine are made of a similar material.
2.
El nuestro ganó el primer premio.
Ours won first prize.
3.
El tuyo ni siquiera recibió un premio de consolación.
Yours didn’t even receive a consolation prize.
4.
Mi libro es mío y es para mí.
My book is mine and it’s for me.
5.
Tu libro es tuyo y es para ti.
Your book is yours and it’s for you.
6.
Su libro (de él) es suyo y es para él.
His book is his and it’s for him.
7.
Su libro (de ella) es suyo y es para ella.
Her book is hers and it’s for her.
8.
Nuestro libro es nuestro y es para nosotros.
Our book is ours and it’s for us.
9.
Vuestro libro es vuestro y es para vosotros.
Your book is yours and it’s for you.
10.
Su libro (de ellos) es suyo y es para ellos.
Their book is theirs and it’s for them.
11.
Mis libros son míos y son para mí.
My books are mine and they’re for me.
12.
Tus libros son tuyos y son para ti.
Your books are yours and they’re for you.
13.
Sus libros (de él) son suyos y son para él.
His books are his and they’re for him.
14.
Sus libros (de ella) son suyos y son para ella.
Her books are hers and they’re for her.
15.
Nuestros libros son nuestros y son para nosotros.
Our books are ours and they’re for us.
16.
Vuestros libros son vuestros y son para vosotros.
Your books are yours and they’re for you.
17.
Sus libros (de ellos) son suyos y son para ellos.
Their books are theirs and they’re for them.
18.
La casa de Pedro está cerca de la mía.
Peter’s house is near mine.
19.
Las llamadas de María son menos importantes que las tuyas.
Mary’s calls are less important than yours.
20.
El perro del Sr. Bruno ladra más que el nuestro.
Mr. Bruno’s dog barks more than ours.
21.
Dame el mío.
Give me mine.
22.
Dale (a él) el suyo.
Give him his.
23.
Dale (a ella) el suyo.
Give her hers.
24.
Danos el nuestro.
Give us ours.
25.
Dales el suyo.
Give them theirs.
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PAGE 4
Vaughan
LIST 3 - Pronouns in general (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Te daré el tuyo.
I’ll give you yours.
2.
Tengo el mío porque me pertenece a mí.
I have mine because it belongs to me.
3.
Tienes el tuyo porque te pertenece a ti.
You have yours because it belongs to you.
4.
Él tiene el suyo porque le pertenece a él.
He has his because it belongs to him.
5.
Ella tiene el suyo porque le pertenece a ella.
She has hers because it belongs to her.
6.
Tenemos el nuestro porque nos pertenece.
We have ours because it belongs to us.
7.
Tenéis el vuestro porque os pertenece.
You have yours because it belongs to you.
8.
Tienen el suyo porque les pertenece.
They have theirs because it belongs to them.
9.
Guardo mi libro donde guardas el tuyo.
I keep my book where you keep yours.
10.
Guardas tu libro donde guardamos el nuestro.
You keep your book where we keep ours.
11.
Él guarda su libro donde ella guarda el suyo.
He keeps his book where she keeps hers.
12.
Ella guarda su libro donde ellos guardan el suyo.
She keeps her book where they keep theirs.
13.
Guardamos nuestro libro donde él guarda el suyo.
We keep our book where he keeps his.
14.
Guardáis vuestro libro donde yo antes guardaba el mío.
You keep your book where I used to keep mine.
15.
Guardan su libro donde antes guardábamos el nuestro.
They keep their book where we used to keep ours.
16.
Me gusta el mío porque me ayuda.
I like mine because it helps me.
17.
Te gusta el tuyo porque te ayuda.
You like yours because it helps you.
18.
Le gusta (a él) el suyo porque le ayuda.
He likes his because it helps him.
19.
Le gusta (a ella) el suyo porque la ayuda.
She likes hers because it helps her.
20.
Nos gusta el nuestro porque nos ayuda.
We like ours because it helps us.
21.
Os gusta el vuestro porque os ayuda.
You like yours because it helps you.
22.
Les gusta el suyo porque les ayuda.
They like theirs because it helps them.
23.
Enséñame el tuyo.
Show me yours.
24.
Te enseñaré el mío.
I’ll show you mine.
25.
Enséñale (a él) el nuestro.
Show him ours.
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PAGE 5
Vaughan
LIST 4 - Pronouns in general (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Enséñale (a ella) el de ellos.
Show her theirs.
2.
Enséñanos el de ella.
Show us hers.
3.
Os enseñaré el de él.
I’ll show you his.
4.
Enséñales el vuestro.
Show them yours.
5.
Dámelo si es mío.
Give it to me if it’s mine.
6.
Te lo daré si es tuyo.
I’ll give it to you if it’s yours.
7.
Dáselo (a él) si es suyo.
Give it to him if it’s his.
8.
Dáselo (a ella) si es suyo.
Give it to her if it’s hers.
9.
Dánoslo si es nuestro.
Give it to us if it’s ours.
10.
Os lo daré si es vuestro.
I’ll give it to you if it’s yours.
11.
Dáselo (a ellos) si es suyo.
Give it to them if it’s theirs.
12.
Ella me los dio porque eran míos.
She gave them to me because they were mine.
13.
Él te los dio porque eran tuyos.
He gave them to you because they were yours.
14.
Yo se los di (a él) porque eran suyos.
I gave them to him because they were his.
15.
Tú se los diste (a ella) porque eran suyos.
You gave them to her because they were hers.
16.
Se los dimos (a ellos) porque eran suyos.
We gave them to them because they were theirs.
17.
Ellos os los dieron porque eran vuestros.
They gave them to you because they were yours.
18.
Pídemelo.
Ask me for it.
19.
Pídeselo a él.
Ask him for it.
20.
Pídeselo a ella.
Ask her for it.
21.
Pídeselo a ellos.
Ask them for it.
22.
Te lo pediré.
I’ll ask you for it.
23.
Te los pediré.
I’ll ask you for them.
24.
Pídeselos a ella.
Ask her for them.
25.
Pídemelos a mí.
Ask me for them.
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PAGE 6
Vaughan
LIST 5 - Auxiliary verbs
S Y S T E M S
1.
No llueve mucho aquí.
It doesn’t rain much here.
2.
No vienen aquí a menudo.
They don’t come here often.
3.
No ocurrirá.
It won’t happen.
4.
¿Cuándo estarán aquí?
When will they be here?
5.
¿Cuándo estuvieron aquí?
When were they here?
6.
¿Cuántas veces han estado aquí?
How many times have they been here?
7.
¿Irías si pudieras pagarlo?
Would you go if you could afford it?
8.
¿Irás si puedes pagarlo?
Will you go if you can afford it?
9.
¿Habrías ido si hubieras podido pagarlo?
Would you have gone if you could’ve afforded it?
10.
No voy a ir porque no puedo pagarlo.
I’m not going to go because I can’t afford it.
11.
No fui porque no podía pagarlo.
I didn’t go because I couldn’t afford it.
12.
No iré porque no podré pagarlo.
I won’t go because I won’t be able to afford it.
13.
No iría aunque pudiera pagarlo.
I wouldn’t go even if I could afford it.
14.
¿Le viste ayer?
Did you see him yesterday?
15.
¿Le has visto hoy?
Have you seen him today?
16.
¿Le verás mañana?
Will you see him tomorrow?
17.
¿Le verías si tuvieras tiempo?
Would you see him if you had time?
18.
¿Le vas a ver más tarde?
Are you going to see him later?
19.
¿Tienes que verle?
Do you have to see him?
20.
¿No me dijiste que le ibas a ver?
Didn’t you tell me you were going to see him?
21.
¿Le habrías visto si hubiera estado aquí ayer?
Would you have seen him if he’d been here yesterday?
22.
No lo hice.
I didn’t do it.
23.
No lo hago.
I don’t do it.
24.
No lo estoy haciendo.
I’m not doing it.
25.
No lo haré.
I won’t do it.
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PAGE 7
LIST 6 - Comparatives & superlatives
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Soy más alto que tú.
I’m taller than you.
2.
No eres tan alto como yo.
You aren’t as tall as I am.
3.
Hay más camellos en Siria que aquí.
There are more camels in Syria than here.
4.
No hay tantos camellos aquí como en Siria.
There aren’t as many camels here as in Syria.
5.
Esto es mejor.
This is better.
6.
Esto es mucho mejor.
This is much better. (A lot better)
7.
Aquello no es tan bueno como esto.
That isn’t as good as this.
8.
¿Por qué fumas tanto?
Why do you smoke so much?
9.
¿Por qué fumas tanto como él?
Why do you smoke as much as he does?
10.
¿Por qué fumas tantos cigarros como él?
Why do you smoke as many cigarettes as he does?
11.
Tengo más tiempo que tú.
I have more time than you do.
12.
No tienes tanto tiempo como yo.
You don’t have as much time as I do.
13.
No sé por qué me enfadé tanto.
I don’t know why I got so angry.
14.
No me enfadé tanto como él.
I didn’t get as angry as he did.
15.
Eres más afortunado que yo.
You’re more fortunate than I am.
16.
No soy tan afortunado como tú.
I’m not as fortunate as you are.
17.
Hay más luz solar aquí que en Suecia.
There’s more sunlight here than in Sweden.
18.
No hay tanta luz solar en Suecia como aquí.
There isn’t as much sunlight in Sweden as here.
19.
No hay tanta gente en Suecia como aquí.
There aren’t as many people in Sweden as here.
20.
¡No hables tanto! Don’t talk so much!
Don’t talk so much!
21.
Hablas tanto que no sé qué hacer.
You talk so much that I don’t know what to do.
22.
Hablas tanto como tu padre.
You talk as much as your father (does).
23.
Incluso hablas más que mi tío.
You even talk more than my uncle (does).
24.
Pero no dices tantas tonterías como él.
But you don’t say as many stupid things as he does.
25.
Quiero tanto dinero como tú tienes.
I want as much money as you have.
c
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PAGE 8
Vaughan
LIST 7 - There + to be
S Y S T E M S
1.
Hay un perro en esta casa.
There’s a dog in this house.
2.
Hay varias ideas interesantes.
There are several interesting ideas.
3.
Hay un bolígrafo en tu mesa (de trabajo).
There’s a pen on your desk.
4.
Hay mucha gente en la tienda.
There are a lot of people in the shop.
5.
¿Hay mucha gente fuera?
Are there many people outside?
6.
No hay muchos alumnos en esta clase.
There aren’t many students in this class.
7.
Hay agua en el suelo.
There’s some water on the floor.
8.
Hay gente en aquel restaurante.
There are some people in that restaurant.
9.
Hay uno aquí y otro allí.
There’s one here and another one over there.
10.
Hay un semáforo en esa esquina.
There’s a traffic light on that corner.
11.
Hay dos razones importantes.
There are two important reasons.
12.
¿Hay leche en esa botella?
Is there any milk in that bottle?
13.
No hay leche en esa botella.
There isn’t any milk in that bottle.
14.
Hay leche en esa botella.
There is some milk in that bottle.
15.
¿Hay japoneses en tu oficina?
Are there any Japanese people in your office?
16.
No hay japoneses en mi oficina.
There aren’t any Japanese people in my office.
17.
Hay japoneses en mi oficina.
There are some Japanese people in my office.
18.
¿Hay mucha tinta en la pluma?
Is there much ink in the pen?
19.
No hay mucha tinta en la pluma.
There isn’t much ink in the pen.
20.
Hay mucha tinta en la pluma.
There’s a lot of ink in the pen.
21.
¿Hay muchas oportunidades en tu país?
Are there many opportunities in your country?
22.
No hay muchas oportunidades en mi país.
There aren’t many opportunities in my country.
23.
Hay muchas oportunidades en mi país.
There are a lot of opportunities in my country.
24.
No hay camellos en este país.
There aren’t any camels in this country.
25.
No hay buenos profesores en este colegio.
There aren’t any good teachers in this school.
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PAGE 9
LIST 8 - Direct & indirect imperatives
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Dile que venga aquí.
Tell him to come here.
2.
Venga aquí por favor.
Come here please.
3.
Pídele que venga aquí.
Ask him to come here.
4.
¿Podría venir aquí por favor?
Could you come here please?
5.
¿Le importaría venir aquí por favor?
Would you mind coming here please?
6.
¿Quiere venir aquí por favor?
Would you come here please?
7.
Quiero que venga usted aquí.
I want you to come here.
8.
Le voy a decir (a él) que venga aquí.
I’m going to tell him to come here.
9.
Le dije que viniera aquí.
I told him to come here.
10.
Que venga aquí.
Have him come here.
11.
Llévame al hotel.
Take me to the hotel.
12.
Dile que te lleve al hotel.
Tell him to take you to the hotel.
13.
Que él te lleve al hotel.
Have him take you to the hotel.
14.
Pídele que te lleve al hotel.
Ask him to take you to the hotel.
15.
¿Te importaría llevarme al hotel?
Would you mind taking me to the hotel?
16.
¿Podrías llevarme al hotel?
Could you take me to the hotel?
17.
Quiero que me lleves al hotel.
I want you to take me to the hotel.
18.
Te dije que me llevaras al hotel.
I told you to take me to the hotel.
19.
Me gustaría que me llevaras al hotel.
I’d like you to take me to the hotel.
20.
Estoy buscando a alguien que me lleve al hotel.
I’m looking for someone to take me to the hotel
21.
Dile (a ella) que lo haga así.
Tell her to do it this way. (Like this)
22.
Hazlo así. Do it this way. (Like this)
Do it this way. (Like this)
23.
Pídele (a ella) que lo haga así.
Ask her to do it this way.
24.
¿Te importaría hacerlo así?
Would you mind doing it this way?
25.
¿Podrías hacerlo así por favor?
Could you do it this way please?
c
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PAGE 10
Vaughan
LIST 9 - The accusative
S Y S T E M S
1.
Quiero que me escuches.
I want you to listen to me.
2.
Quieren que lo hagamos.
They want us to do it.
3.
Queremos que ella nos lo dé.
We want her to give it to us.
4.
Quisiera que me lo enseñaran.
I’d like them to show it to me.
5.
Quisiera que él estuviera incluido.
I’d like him to be included.
6.
Quiero que seas justo.
I want you to be fair.
7.
Quiero que se imprima ahora.
I want it to be printed now.
8.
Quiero que el informe esté listo para mañana.
I want the report to be ready for tomorrow.
9.
¿Qué quieres que haga?
What do you want me to do?
10.
¿Qué quieres que diga?
What do you want me to say?
11.
¿Cuál quieres que elija?
Which one do you want me to choose?
12.
¿Adónde quieres que vaya?
Where do you want me to go?
13.
¿Cuándo quieres que esté aquí?
When do you want me to be here?
14.
¿Cuántos quieres que traiga?
How many do you want me to bring?
15.
¿Con qué frecuencia quieres que la llame?
How often do you want me to call her?
16.
¿A qué hora quieres que estemos allí?
What time do you want us to be there?
17.
¿Dónde quieres que lo pongamos?
Where do you want us to put it?
18.
¿Por qué quieres que lo hagamos así?
Why do you want us to do it like this? (This way)
19.
¿Cuántas veces quieres que les visitemos?
How many times do you want us to visit them?
20.
¿Quieres que le llame?
Do you want me to call him?
21.
El jefe quiere que Pepe lo haga.
The boss wants Pepe to do it.
22.
El jefe quiere que todo el mundo asista.
The boss wants everyone to attend. (Everybody)
23.
Todo el mundo quiere que te quedes.
Everyone wants you to stay. (Everybody)
24.
Quiero que alguien me ayude.
I want someone to help me. (Somebody)
25.
Quiero que ellos lo entiendan también.
I want them to understand it too.
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PAGE 11
Vaughan
LIST 10 - To get (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Dónde conseguiste ese libro?
Where did you get that book?
2.
¿Me puedes conseguir un empleo?
Can you get me a job?
3.
Vete a por tu libro.
Go and get your book.
4.
El teléfono está sonando… yo lo cogeré.
The telephone is ringing… I’ll get it.
5.
No te enfades.
Don’t get angry.
6.
No te disgustes.
Don’t get upset.
7.
No te pongas enfermo.
Don’t get sick.
8.
No te pongas triste.
Don’t get sad.
9.
No te cases.
Don’t get married.
10.
Me estoy cansando.
I’m getting tired.
11.
Me estoy aburriendo.
I’m getting bored.
12.
Estoy mejorando.
I’m getting better.
13.
Estoy empeorando.
I’m getting worse.
14.
Está oscureciendo.
It’s getting dark.
15.
No te asustes.
Don’t get frightened. (Scared)
16.
No te alarmes.
Don’t get alarmed.
17.
No te pongas nervioso.
Don’t get nervous.
18.
Necesitamos reunirnos.
We need to get together.
19.
Levántate.
Get up.
20.
Nos llevamos bien.
We get along.
21.
Llegué de regreso anoche.
I got back last night.
22.
Me confundí.
I got confused.
23.
Me lié con esos verbos.
I got mixed up with those verbs.
24.
No te harás rico trabajando para otros.
You won’t get rich working for others.
25.
No te emociones.
Don’t get excited.
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PAGE 12
Vaughan
LIST 11 - To get (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
No dejes que ello te deprima.
Don’t let it get you down.
2.
Me pondré en contacto con él.
I’ll get in touch with him. (Get in contact with)
3.
Te acostumbrarás a mi estilo.
You’ll get used to my style.
4.
Me perdí.
I got lost.
5.
Larguémonos de aquí.
Let’s get out of here.
6.
Tardé dos meses en recuperarlo.
It took me two months to get it back.
7.
No estoy llegando a ninguna parte.
I’m not getting anywhere.
8.
Lo superé. (Un disgusto)
I got over it.
9.
Súbete al autobús.
Get on the bus.
10.
Bájate del autobús.
Get off the bus.
11.
Bájate del árbol.
Get down from the tree.
12.
Aléjate del humo.
Get away from the smoke.
13.
Él no sabe transmitir sus ideas.
He doesn’t know how to get his ideas across.
14.
Me las apaño.
I get by.
15.
Sal del coche.
Get out of the car.
16.
Métete en el coche.
Get into the car.
17.
Cuando llegues allí, llámame.
When you get there, call me.
18.
¿A qué hora llegaste a casa?
What time did you get home?
19.
Recibí más de 20 cartas ayer.
I got more than 20 letters yesterday.
20.
Él siempre se sale con la suya.
He always gets his way.
21.
Pongámonos en marcha.
Let’s get going.
22.
Vaya al grano.
Get to the point.
23.
Hay maneras de burlar la ley.
There are ways to get round the law.
24.
¡Quítate de en medio!
Get out of the way!
25.
No me malinterpretes.
Don’t get me wrong.
c
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PAGE 13
LIST 12 - Too / Too much-many / Enough
Vaughan
1.
El inglés es demasiado difícil para mí.
English is too difficult for me.
2.
Es demasiado complicado.
It’s too complicated.
3.
Tiene demasiadas preposiciones.
It has too many prepositions.
4.
Tiene demasiada gramática compleja.
It has too much complex grammar.
5.
Fumas demasiado.
You smoke too much.
6.
Fumas demasiados puros.
You smoke too many cigars.
7.
¿Por qué fumas tanto?
Why do you smoke so much?
8.
El techo es demasiado alto para tocarlo.
The ceiling is too high to touch.
9.
No soy lo suficientemente alto.
I’m not tall enough.
10.
Soy demasiado bajo.
I’m too short.
11.
El techo no es lo suficientemente bajo.
The ceiling isn’t low enough.
12.
El agua está demasiado fría para beberla.
The water’s too cold to drink.
13.
Es demasiado caro.
It’s too expensive.
14.
No tengo suficiente dinero para comprarlo.
I don’t have enough money to buy it.
15.
No soy lo suficientemente rico para comprarlo.
I’m not rich enough to buy it.
16.
No es lo suficientemente barato.
It’s not cheap enough.
17.
Es demasiado pesado para llevarlo.
It’s too heavy to carry.
18.
No soy lo suficientemente fuerte para llevarlo.
I’m not strong enough to carry it.
19.
Soy demasiado débil.
I’m too weak.
20.
Está demasiado lejos para leerlo.
It’s too far away to read.
21.
No está lo suficientemente cerca para leerlo.
It’s not close enough to read.
22.
Ahora está demasiado cerca.
Now it’s too close.
23.
Ahora está lo suficientemente cerca.
Now it’s close enough.
24.
No tengo suficiente tiempo.
I don’t have enough time.
25.
No hay suficientes sillas.
There aren’t enough chairs.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
S Y S T E M S
PAGE 14
LIST 13 - Countables & uncountables
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
No hay agua en el vaso.
There isn’t any water in the glass.
2.
Hay agua en el vaso.
There’s some water in the glass.
3.
Hay un perro en esta casa.
There’s a dog in this house.
4.
No hay ningún perro en esta casa.
There isn’t a dog in this house.
5.
No hay perros en esta casa.
There aren’t any dogs in this house.
6.
¿Tienes hijos?
Do you have any children?
7.
Estamos teniendo problemas.
We’re having some problems.
8.
No recibí cartas ayer.
I didn’t get any letters yesterday.
9.
No hay gente allí.
There aren’t any people there.
10.
Hay gente allí.
There are some people there.
11.
¿Hay mujeres en la Marina?
Are there any women in the navy?
12.
¿Hay tigres en Rusia?
Are there any tigers in Russia?
13.
¿Hay correo para mí?
Is there any mail for me?
14.
No ha habido incendios forestales este verano.
There haven’t been any forest fires this summer.
15.
Dame agua.
Give me some water.
16.
No me des agua.
Don’t give me any water.
17.
Necesito sal.
I need some salt.
18.
¿Hay manera de convencerles?
Is there any way to convince them?
19.
Tengo monedas.
I have some coins.
20.
No tengo monedas.
I don’t have any coins.
21.
¿Tienes monedas?
Do you have any coins?
22.
No tengo ni idea.
I have no idea.
23.
No tengo ningún abrigo.
I don’t have a coat.
24.
No tengo ningún libro.
I don’t have a book.
25.
No tengo libros
I don’t have any books.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 15
LIST 14 - Irregular verbs (past forms)
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Ganaron la apuesta pero no ganaron el concurso.
They won the bet but they didn’t win the contest.
2.
Le dejé hacerlo pero no le dejé verla.
I let him do it but I didn’t let him see her.
3.
La empresa creció pero no creció rápidamente.
The company grew but it didn’t grow quickly.
4.
Fui a la tienda pero no fui al parque.
I went to the shop but I didn’t go to the park.
5.
Leí la carta pero no leí el informe.
I read the letter but I didn’t read the report.
6.
Vendí el coche pero no vendí la casa.
I sold the car but I didn’t sell the house.
7.
Envié la carta pero no envié las fotos.
I sent the letter but I didn’t send the pictures.
8.
Robé los cuadros pero no robé las joyas.
I stole the pictures but I didn’t steal the jewels.
9.
Enseñé el alfabeto pero no enseñé los números.
I taught the alphabet but I didn’t teach the numbers.
10.
La llevé al museo pero no la llevé al palacio.
I took her to the museum but I didn’t take her to the palace.
11.
Dormí en mi casa pero no dormí en mi cama.
I slept at home but I didn’t sleep in my bed.
12.
Olvidé el libro pero no olvidé los papeles.
I forgot the book but I didn’t forget the papers.
13.
Conocía el problema pero no sabía la solución.
I knew the problem but I didn’t know the solution.
14.
Oí el final pero no oí el principio.
I heard the end but I didn’t hear the beginning.
15.
Tenía el libro pero no tenía el bolígrafo.
I had the book but I didn’t have the pen.
16.
Compré la comida pero no compré las bebidas.
I bought the food but I didn’t buy the drinks.
17.
Elegí el rojo pero no elegí el azul.
I chose the red one but I didn’t choose the blue one.
18.
Lo hice esta mañana pero no lo hice ayer.
I did it this morning but I didn’t do it yesterday.
19.
Vine en coche pero no vine solo.
I came by car but I didn’t come alone.
20.
Me sentía raro pero no me sentía mal.
I felt strange but I didn’t feel bad.
21.
Volé a Roma pero no volé a París.
I flew to Rome but I didn’t fly to Paris.
22.
Rompí el vaso pero no rompí la botella.
I broke the glass but I didn’t break the bottle.
23.
Conduje el coche pero no conduje el tractor.
I drove the car but I didn’t drive the tractor.
24.
Bebí del vaso pero no bebí de la botella.
I drank from the glass but I didn’t drink from the bottle.
25.
Lo comí todo pero no lo comí rápidamente.
I ate it all but I didn’t eat it quickly.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 16
LIST 15 - Irregular verbs (participles)
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Él ha hecho cosas que yo no hice de joven.
He’s done things I didn’t do when I was young.
2.
Yo lo vi pero ella no lo ha visto todavía.
I saw it but she hasn’t seen it yet.
3.
Él siempre gana pero yo nunca he ganado.
He always wins but I’ve never won.
4.
Nunca la he dejado hacer lo que quiere.
I’ve never let her do what she wants.
5.
No hemos crecido tanto como crecimos en mayo.
We haven’t grown as much as we grew in May.
6.
Ha sido más fácil hoy de lo que fue ayer.
It’s been easier today than it was yesterday.
7.
Leí el informe pero no he leído los anexos.
I read the report but I haven’t read the appendices.
8.
Vendí el coche pero aún no he vendido la casa.
I sold the car but I haven’t sold the house yet.
9.
Envié la carta pero aún no he enviado las fotos.
I sent the letter but I haven’t sent the pictures yet.
10.
No lo han robado.
They haven’t stolen it.
11.
No te he enseñado el condicional todavía.
I haven’t taught you the conditional yet.
12.
La llevé a lugares adonde nunca te he llevado.
I took her to places where I’ve never taken you.
13.
Durmieron en sitios donde nunca he dormido.
They slept in places where I’ve never slept.
14.
¿Se te ha olvidado algo?
Have you forgotten anything?
15.
La conozco desde hace mucho tiempo.
I’ve known her for a long time.
16.
Nunca he oído chistes como los que oíste ayer.
I’ve never heard jokes like the ones you heard yesterday.
17.
No he tenido mucho tiempo.
I haven’t had much time.
18.
Hemos comprado muchas cosas últimamente.
We’ve bought a lot of things lately.
19.
Hemos elegido quedarnos aquí.
We’ve chosen to stay here.
20.
He venido para resolver la situación.
I’ve come to solve the situation.
21.
Nunca me he sentido así.
I’ve never felt this way.
22.
Nunca he volado en un jumbo.
I’ve never flown in a jumbo jet.
23.
Nadie ha batido esa marca.
No one has broken that record.
24.
No he conducido el coche que condujiste ayer.
I haven’t driven the car you drove yesterday.
25.
Ya he bebido más de lo que bebí anoche.
I’ve already drunk more than I drank last night.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 17
Vaughan
LIST 16 - Negative questions
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Por qué no está hecho de madera?
Why isn’t it made of wood?
2.
¿Por qué no están aquí?
Why aren’t they here?
3.
¿Por qué no está ella contigo?
Why isn’t she with you?
4.
¿Por qué no está él trabajando?
Why isn’t he working?
5.
¿Por qué no somos los número uno?
Why aren’t we number one?
6.
¿Por qué no estuviste allí?
Why weren’t you there?
7.
¿Por qué no fue más fácil?
Why wasn’t it easier?
8.
¿Por qué no estaba donde yo lo puse?
Why wasn’t it where I put it?
9.
¿Por qué no estaba él listo?
Why wasn’t he ready?
10.
¿Por qué no estaban aquí cuando llegué?
Why weren’t they here when I arrived?
11.
¿Por qué no estábamos incluidos?
Why weren’t we included?
12.
¿Por qué no fueron invitados?
Why don’t you come more often?
13.
¿Por qué no hay más vino?
Why weren’t they invited?
14.
¿Por qué no hay chicas en esta fiesta?
Why isn’t there more wine?
15.
¿Por qué no había un comité de control?
Why aren’t there any girls at this party?
16.
¿Por qué no había regalos para los obreros?
Why wasn’t there a control committee?
17.
¿Por qué no vienes más a menudo?
Why weren’t there any gifts for the workers?
18.
¿Por qué no te llama ella?
Why doesn’t she call you?
19.
¿Por qué no llueve aquí?
Why doesn’t it rain here?
20.
¿Por qué no lo hace él mismo?
Why doesn’t he do it himself?
21.
¿Por qué no utilizan el sistema nuevo?
Why don’t they use the new system?
22.
¿Por qué no esperamos hasta mañana?
Why don’t we wait until tomorrow?
23.
¿Por qué no funciona?
Why doesn’t it work?
24.
¿Por qué no fuiste?
Why didn’t you go?
25.
¿Por qué no nos llamaron?
Why didn’t they call us?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 18
LIST 17 - Verbs with & without “like”
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Te pareces a tu padre.
You look like your father.
2.
Pareces cansado.
You look tired.
3.
No sé cómo eres.
I don’t know what you’re like.
4.
¿Qué aspecto tiene él?
What does he look like?
5.
Huele a humo.
It smells like smoke.
6.
Parece que vamos a tener un problema.
It looks (seems) like we’re going to have a problem.
7.
Parece que va a llover.
It looks like it’s going to rain.
8.
Tu idea parece interesante.
Your idea sounds interesting.
9.
¿Cómo es ella?
What’s she like?
10.
¿Qué aspecto tiene ella?
What does she look like?
11.
Trabajo como profesor.
I work as a teacher.
12.
Trabajo como un esclavo.
I work like a slave.
13.
¿A qué sabe?
What does it taste like?
14.
Sabe a fresas.
It tastes like strawberries.
15.
Os parecéis mucho.
You look a lot alike.
16.
Hazlo así.
Do it like this.
17.
Dicen que me parezco a ti.
They say I look like you.
18.
Te estás comportando como un niño.
You’re acting like a child. (Behaving)
19.
Hablas como un loro.
You talk like a parrot.
20.
Os hablo como miembro del comité ejecutivo.
I’m speaking to you as a member of the executive committee.
21.
Parece importante. (Lo que se ha dicho.)
It sounds important.
22.
Parece un tema importante.
It sounds like an important subject.
23.
Huele bien. It smells good.
It smells good.
24.
Huele a coliflor.
It smells like cauliflower.
25.
¿Cómo es trabajar con ella?
What’s it like working with her?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 19
LIST 18 - Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
Vaughan
1.
Estoy listo.
I’m ready.
2.
No estoy listo.
I’m not ready.
3.
¿Estás listo?
Are you ready?
4.
Están enfadados.
They’re angry.
5.
No están enfadados.
They’re not angry. (They aren’t angry.)
6.
¿Están enfadados?
Are they angry?
7.
¿Está él contigo?
Is he with you?
8.
Hay gente allí.
There are some people there.
9.
No hay gente allí.
There aren’t any people there.
10.
¿Hay gente allí?
Are there any people there?
11.
Tú estabas con ellos.
You were with them.
12.
¿Estabas con ellos?
Were you with them?
13.
¿Estaba lloviendo cuando saliste?
Was it raining when you left?
14.
¿Tu hermano fuma?
Does your brother smoke?
15.
¿No sabe tu mujer conducir?
Doesn’t your wife know how to drive?
16.
Él sabe bastante acerca de nosotros.
He knows quite a lot about us.
17.
Ella no viene por aquí muy a menudo.
She doesn’t come here very often.
18.
No sé hacerlo.
I don’t know how to do it.
19.
Forman un buen equipo.
They form a good team.
20.
¿No le conoces?
Don’t you know him?
21.
No lo haré a no ser que me apoyes.
I won’t do it unless you support me.
22.
Estarán aquí dentro de unos minutos.
They’ll be here in a few minutes.
23.
¿Cuándo llegarán aquí?
When will they get here?
24.
Ella no tardó mucho.
It didn’t take her long.
25.
Llegaron sanos y salvos.
They arrived safe and sound.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
S Y S T E M S
PAGE 20
Vaughan
LIST 19 - Make / Do
S Y S T E M S
1.
Haz algo.
Do something.
2.
Hazme una oferta.
Make me an offer.
3.
Haz el trabajo.
Do the job.
4.
Haz lo que quieras.
Do whatever you want.
5.
Hazme una promesa.
Make me a promise.
6.
Haz el crucigrama.
Do the crossword puzzle.
7.
Hazme un favor.
Do me a favor.
8.
Haz la cama.
Make the bed.
9.
Haz una presentación.
Make a presentation.
10.
Hazlo lo mejor que puedas.
Do the best you can. (b)
11.
Hago negocios con ellos.
I do business with them.
12.
Vamos a hacer unos cambios.
We’re going to make some changes.
13.
¿Tengo que hacer un discurso?
Do I have to make a speech? (También “give”)
14.
¿Quién va a hacer la compra?
Who’s going to do the shopping?
15.
¿Cómo te ganas la vida?
How do you make a living?
16.
Haz una lista de lo que tienes que hacer.
Make a list of what you have to do.
17.
Tengo que hacer una llamada.
I have to make a phone call.
18.
No cometo errores.
I don’t make mistakes.
19.
Haz un esfuerzo.
Make an effort.
20.
No crees problemas.
Don’t make problems.
21.
Haces mal uso de tu tiempo.
You make poor use of your time.
22.
¿Quién va a hacer la cena?
Who’s going to make dinner?
23.
Asegúrate de que están comiendo.
Make sure they’re eating.
24.
Tienes que causar una buena impresión.
You have to make a good impression.
25.
¿Puedo hacer una petición?
Can I make a request?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 21
Vaughan
LIST 20 - Indirect & reported speech
S Y S T E M S
1.
Dile que venga.
Tell him to come.
2.
Ella quiere que vayas.
She wants you to go.
3.
Dile que quiero que venga aquí.
Tell him I want him to come here.
4.
Ella me dijo que quería que fueras allí.
She told me she wanted you to go there.
5.
Me gusta escucharte hablar.
I like listening to you talk.
6.
Él me dijo que le gustaba escucharte hablar.
He told me he liked listening to you talk.
7.
No iré a menos que me acompañes.
I won’t go unless you come with me.
8.
Él me dijo que no iría a menos que le acompañaras.
He told me he wouldn’t go unless you went with him.
9.
Esto está bien.
This is fine.
10.
Ella me dijo que estaba bien.
She told me it was fine.
11.
Lo voy a hacer.
I’m going to do it.
12.
Él me dijo que lo iba a hacer.
He told me he was going to do it.
13.
No hay nadie esperándonos.
There isn’t anyone waiting for us.
14.
Me dijeron que no había nadie esperándonos.
They told me there wasn’t anyone waiting for us.
15.
Va a haber una fiesta esta noche.
There’s going to be a party tonight.
16.
Él me dijo que iba a haber una fiesta esta noche.
He told me there was going to be a party tonight.
17.
Me dijeron que ibas a mandarme un cheque.
They told me you were going to send me a check.
18.
Creo que va a llover.
I think it’s going to rain.
19.
¿No dijiste que iba a llover?
Didn’t you say it was going to rain?
20.
Quiero que lo traigas mañana.
I want you to bring it tomorrow.
21.
Él me pidió que lo trajera mañana.
He asked me to bring it tomorrow.
22.
Ya se ha hecho.
It’s already been done.
23.
Alguien me dijo que ya se había hecho.
Someone told me it had already been done.
24.
Trabajo en un almacén.
I work in a warehouse.
25.
¿No dijiste que trabajabas en un almacén?
Didn’t you say you worked in a warehouse?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 22
Vaughan
LIST 21 - Say & tell
S Y S T E M S
1.
Di tu nombre.
Say your name.
2.
Dime tu nombre.
Tell me your name.
3.
No dijeron nada.
They didn’t say anything.
4.
No nos dijeron nada.
They didn’t tell us anything.
5.
¿Cuándo vas a decirlo?
When are you going to say it?
6.
¿Cuándo vas a decírselo (a ellos)?
When are you going to tell them?
7.
¿Qué dice la gente?
What are people saying?
8.
¿Qué le vas a decir a la gente?
What are you going to tell people?
9.
Di lo que quieras.
Say whatever you want.
10.
No distingo la diferencia entre ellos.
I can’t tell the difference between them.
11.
Cuenta un chiste.
Tell a joke.
12.
Di la verdad.
Tell the truth.
13.
Dime la verdad.
Tell me the truth.
14.
¿Qué han dicho?
What did they say? (Se usa el pasado en inglés.)
15.
¿Qué te han dicho?
What did they tell you?
16.
¡No me digas!
You don’t say!
17.
Hay un dicho en inglés que dice lo mismo.
There’s a saying in English that says the same.
18.
Puedo ver en tus ojos que estás enfadada.
I can tell from your eyes that you’re angry.
19.
Los hombres siempre dicen mentiras.
Men always tell lies.
20.
Nunca he dicho una mentira.
I’ve never told a lie.
21.
Nunca he dicho nada malo acerca de él.
I’ve never said anything bad about him.
22.
Ella me dio los buenos días.
She said good morning to me.
23.
¡Hazlo porque lo digo yo!
Do it because I say so!
24.
Di la palabra mágica.
Say the magic word.
25.
Dinos lo que pasó.
Tell us what happened.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 23
Vaughan
LIST 22 - Miscellaneous sentences
S Y S T E M S
1.
Ella está con él.
She’s with him.
2.
Él está con ella.
He’s with her.
3.
Estás conmigo.
You’re with me.
4.
Estoy contigo.
I’m with you.
5.
¿Cuál es su nombre? (de él)
What’s his name?
6.
¿Dónde está su vestido? (de ella)
Where’s her dress?
7.
¿Con quién estás?
Who are you with?
8.
Mi hermano está en aquella habitación.
My brother is in that room.
9.
Soy una persona alta.
I’m a tall person.
10.
Mi trabajo es muy interesante.
My job is very interesting.
11.
Su trabajo (de ella) es aburrido.
Her job is boring.
12.
¿Es importante este informe?
Is this report important?
13.
Estoy contento con tu progreso.
I’m happy with your progress.
14.
Esto no es mi informe.
This isn’t my report.
15.
Esta no es la única solución.
This isn’t the only solution.
16.
Aquél no es tu coche.
That isn’t your car.
17.
¿Es de París tu mujer?
Is your wife from Paris?
18.
¿De dónde es entonces?
Where is she from then?
19.
Tu solución es muy cara.
Your solution is very expensive.
20.
No es la única solución.
It’s not the only solution.
21.
¿Es grande tu compañía?
Is your company big?
22.
Mi jefe está loco.
My boss is crazy.
23.
Su mujer está loca también.
His wife is crazy too.
24.
¿Es difícil esto?
Is this difficult?
25.
Esta no es mi dirección.
This isn’t my address.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 24
Vaughan
LIST 23 - Miscellaneous sentences
S Y S T E M S
1.
Están en aquella habitación.
They’re in that room.
2.
Están listos.
They’re ready.
3.
Mis hijos están en el colegio.
My children are at school.
4.
¿Dónde están?
Where are they?
5.
¿Quiénes son Uds.?
Who are you?
6.
¿Quiénes son ellos?
Who are they?
7.
¿De dónde son?
Where are they from?
8.
¿Por qué están aquí?
Why are they here?
9.
Estas sillas son cómodas.
These chairs are comfortable.
10.
Aquellas mesas son nuevas.
Those tables are new.
11.
Tus ideas son interesantes.
Your ideas are interesting.
12.
Tus padres son aburridos.
Your parents are boring.
13.
Estas listas son útiles.
These lists are useful.
14.
Tus respuestas son correctas.
Your answers are correct.
15.
Mis planes no son definitivos.
My plans aren’t final.
16.
Estas cifras son erróneas.
These figures are wrong.
17.
Estás equivocado.
You’re wrong.
18.
Tienes razón.
You’re right.
19.
¿Qué son estos?
What are these?
20.
¿Qué son aquellos?
What are those?
21.
Estos son fáciles.
These are easy.
22.
Aquellos son difíciles.
Those are difficult.
23.
Están conmigo.
They’re with me.
24.
No están en el ejército.
They aren’t in the army.
25.
¿Dónde están entonces?
Where are they then?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 25
Vaughan
LIST 24 - Miscellaneous sentences
S Y S T E M S
1.
Este libro es mío.
This book is mine.
2.
Aquella silla es tuya.
That chair is yours.
3.
Estos bolígrafos son de él.
These pens are his.
4.
Aquellas flores son de ella.
Those flowers are hers.
5.
Este coche es nuestro.
This car is ours.
6.
Aquella revista no es vuestra.
That magazine isn’t yours.
7.
Estos periódicos son de ellos.
These newspapers are theirs.
8.
El mío y el tuyo son iguales.
Yours and mine are the same.
9.
El tuyo está al lado del mío.
Yours is next to mine.
10.
El de él es caro también.
His is expensive too.
11.
El mío es bastante barato.
Mine is quite cheap.
12.
Soy una persona callada.
I’m a quiet person.
13.
Mis padres son del mismo país que los tuyos.
My parents are from the same country as yours.
14.
¿Dónde está el mío?
Where’s mine?
15.
Estos no son de ellos.
These aren't theirs.
16.
Los de ellos son los azules.
Theirs are the blue ones.
17.
Los míos están en el rincón.
Mine are in the corner.
18.
Los tuyos están allí.
Yours are over there.
19.
Los de ella están detrás de los tuyos.
Hers are behind yours.
20.
Los de él están delante de los míos.
His are in front of mine.
21.
Los nuestros son los caros.
Ours are the expensive ones.
22.
Los de ella son los baratos.
Hers are the cheap ones.
23.
¿Cuáles son los tuyos, éstos o aquellos?
Which ones are yours, these or those?
24.
¿Cuál es el tuyo, éste o aquél?
Which one is yours, this one or that one?
25.
¿Dónde están los de ella?
Where are hers?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 26
Vaughan
LIST 25 - Miscellaneous sentences
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿A dónde vas los sábados?
Where do you go on Saturdays?
2.
¿Sabe ella dónde estás?
Does she know where you are?
3.
¿Tiene ella tu dirección?
Does she have your address?
4.
¿Se acuerda ella del incidente?
Does she remember the incident?
5.
¿Ella te quiere?
Does she love you?
6.
¿Cocina bien?
Does she cook well?
7.
¿Dónde vive?
Where does she live?
8.
¿Por qué te llama tan tarde?
Why does she call you so late?
9.
¿Por qué te habla en inglés?
Why does she speak to you in English?
10.
¿Dónde pasa los fines de semana?
Where does she spend her weekends?
11.
¿Sabe ella quien soy?
Does she know who I am?
12.
¿Sabe donde vivo?
Does she know where I live?
13.
¿Cuántos años tiene ella?
How old is she?
14.
¿Por qué me conoce?
Why does she know me?
15.
¿Trabaja en la misma empresa que tú?
Does she work in the same company as you?
16.
¿Conduce?
Does she drive?
17.
¿Tiene mucho dinero?
Does she have a lot of money?
18.
¿Por qué viene aquí tan a menudo?
Why does she come here so often?
19.
¿Le gustas?
Does she like you?
20.
¿Te gusta ella?
Do you like her?
21.
¿Con qué frecuencia la ves?
How often do you see her?
22.
¿A dónde la llevas los fines de semana?
Where do you take her on the weekends?
23.
¿Le gusta a ella ir a la playa?
Does she like to go to the beach?
24.
¿Vas a casarte con ella?
Are you going to marry her?
25.
¿A dónde vas a llevarla este fin de semana?
Where are you going to take her this weekend?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 27
Vaughan
LIST 26 - Miscellaneous sentences
S Y S T E M S
1.
Vamos a ir a un lugar lejos de aquí.
We’re going to go to a place far from here.
2.
Vamos a gastar todo nuestro dinero.
We’re going to spend all our money.
3.
Vamos a divertirnos.
We’re going to have a good time.
4.
No te vamos a escribir.
We’re not going to write to you.
5.
Vamos a quedarnos allí durante un mes.
We’re going to stay there for a month.
6.
¿Qué vas a hacer esta noche?
What are you going to do tonight?
7.
No voy a hacer nada.
I’m not going to do anything.
8.
¿Por qué no hacemos algo?
Why don’t we do something?
9.
¿Cómo qué?
Like what?
10.
Podemos ver una película.
We can see a movie.
11.
Podemos hacer muchas cosas.
We can do a lot of things.
12.
Puedes venir con nosotros si quieres.
You can come with us if you want.
13.
No puedo ir ahora.
I can’t go now.
14.
Tengo muchas cosas que hacer.
I have a lot of things to do.
15.
Puedes dejarlas para mañana.
You can leave them for tomorrow.
16.
Tengo que hacerlas hoy.
I have to do them today.
17.
Tengo que empezar de nuevo.
I have to start again.
18.
Voy a terminar esto pronto.
I’m going to finish this soon.
19.
Estoy cansado de hacer listas.
I’m tired of making lists.
20.
Quiero ir a casa.
I want to go home.
21.
Voy a buscar un trabajo estable.
I’m going to look for a stable job.
22.
Tengo que mantener a mi familia.
I have to support my family.
23.
Gastan mucho dinero.
They spend a lot of money.
24.
Hay muchas frases en este libro.
There are a lot of sentences in this book.
25.
¿Qué vas a hacer ahora?
What are you going to do now?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 28
Vocabulary Booklet
1
Vaughan
LIST 27 - Phrasal Verbs (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Mírale.
Look at him.
2.
Búscales.
Look for them.
3.
Cuídales.
Take care of them. (Look after them.)
4.
Si no recoges a Tom, yo lo recogeré.
If you don’t pick up Tom, I’ll pick him up.
5.
Si no pruebas la ropa, la probaré yo.
If you don’t try on the clothes, I’ll try them on.
6.
Si no te pones esa corbata, me la pondré yo.
If you don’t put on that tie, I’ll put it on.
7.
Si tú no investigas la cuestión, yo la investigaré.
If you don’t look into the matter, I’ll look into it.
8.
Si tú no sacas la basura, yo la sacaré.
If you don’t take out the garbage, I’ll take it out.
9.
Si tú no llamas a Jennifer, yo la llamaré.
If you don’t call up Jennifer, I’ll call her up.
10.
Si no recuperas la clase ahora, no podrás recuperarla.
If you don’t make up the class now, you won’t be able to make it up.
11.
Si no pones a Tom a prueba ahora, no podrás ponerle nunca.
If you don’t try out Tom now, you’ll never be able to try him out.
12.
Todo saldrá bien.
Everything will turn out fine.
13.
Todo saldrá bien.
Everything will work out fine.
14.
¿Cómo salió todo?
How did everything come out?
15.
No entres en el coche.
Don’t get into the car.
16.
No salgas del coche.
Don’t get out of the car.
17.
No subas al autobús.
Don’t get on the bus.
18.
No bajes del autobús.
Don’t get off the bus.
19.
No entres en el ascensor.
Don’t get into the elevator.
20.
No salgas del ascensor.
Don’t get out of the elevator.
21.
Habla más alto, por favor.
Speak up, please.
22.
Me quedaré con un cachorro y regalaré los otros.
I’ll keep one puppy and I’ll give away the others.
23.
Por favor… no los regales.
Please… don’t give them away.
24.
¡Ojo! ¡Cuidado!
Look out! (Watch out!)
25.
¡Cuidado con ese coche!
Look out for that car! (Watch out for that car!)
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 30
Vaughan
LIST 28 - Phrasal Verbs (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Si no buscas la palabra en el diccionario, yo la buscaré.
If you don’t look up the word in the dictionary, I’ll look it up.
2.
No mires atrás.
Don’t look back.
3.
Un policía se me acercó.
A policeman came up to me.
4.
Se me acercó andando.
He walked up to me.
5.
Se me acercó corriendo.
He ran up to me.
6.
Me acerqué al policía.
I went up to the policeman.
7.
Le pedí un cigarro.
I asked him for a cigarette.
8.
Se lo pedí educadamente.
I asked him for it politely.
9.
Él sacó dos cigarros de su paquete.
He took two cigarettes out of his pack.
10.
Los sacó con su mano izquierda.
He took them out with his left hand.
11.
Apagó el cigarro que tenía en la boca.
He put out the cigarette he had in his mouth.
12.
Lo apagó con sus dedos.
He put it out with his fingers.
13.
Si no apagas el incendio, yo lo apagaré.
If you don’t put out the fire, I’ll put it out.
14.
Si no apagas la vela, yo la apagaré.
If you don’t blow out the candle, I’ll blow it out.
15.
Si no apagas la luz, yo la apagaré.
If you don’t turn off the light, I’ll turn it off. (Switch off)
16.
Si no enciendes la luz, yo la encenderé.
If you don’t turn on the light, I’ll turn it on. (Switch on)
17.
Si pones la radio, yo la apagaré.
If you turn on the radio, I’ll turn it off.
18.
Si no subes el volumen, yo lo subiré.
If you don’t turn up the volume, I’ll turn it up.
19.
Si no bajas el volumen, yo lo bajaré.
If you don’t turn down the volume, I’ll turn it down.
20.
El profesor no se presentó para la clase.
The teacher didn’t show up for the class. (Turn up)
21.
Escúchame.
Listen to me.
22.
Si no cancelas la reunión, yo la cancelaré.
If you don’t call off the meeting, I’ll call it off.
23.
Quítate el abrigo. Quítatelo ahora.
Take off your coat. Take it off now.
24.
Repasa el informe primero. Después lo repasaré yo.
Look over the report first. Then I’ll look it over.
25.
Pasemos a la lista siguiente.
Let’s go on to the next list.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 31
Vaughan
LIST 29 - Phrasal Verbs (3)
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Quién le sustituyó?
Who took over for him?
2.
¿Cuándo despegó el avión?
When did the plane take off?
3.
Me encontré (casualmente) con Juan el otro día.
I ran into John the other day.
4.
Choqué contra un árbol.
I ran into a tree.
5.
Nos hemos quedado sin gasolina.
We’ve run out of gasoline. (Petrol)
6.
Se me ha acabado la paciencia.
I’ve run out of patience.
7.
Estamos sin dinero.
We’re out of money.
8.
Tendrás que inventar una historia.
You’ll have to make up a story.
9.
Si tú no aclaras este punto, yo lo aclararé.
If you don’t clear up this point, I’ll clear it up.
10.
Si tú no despiertas a la niña, yo la despertaré.
If you don’t wake up the little girl, I’ll wake her up.
11.
Déjame en esta esquina. (Van en coche.)
Let me off at this corner.
12.
Si defraudas a tu gente, me defraudarás a mí también.
If you let down your people, you’ll let me down too.
13.
Has omitido el punto 3.Yo lo omití también.
You left out point 3. I left it out too. (Se usa el pasado.)
14.
Salieron para Chile anoche.
They left for Chile last night.
15.
Atravesaron la barrera del sonido.
They broke through the sound barrier.
16.
Si no guardas tus juguetes, ¿quién los guardará?
If you don’t put away your toys, who will put them away?
17.
No te des por vencido.
Don’t give up.
18.
No des tu brazo a torcer.
Don’t give in.
19.
Si tú no distribuyes las notas, yo las distribuiré.
If you don’t give out the grades, I’ll give them out.
20.
Si tú no revisas el informe, yo lo revisaré.
If you don’t look over the report, I’ll look it over.
21.
Sé suficiente inglés para salir del paso.
I know enough English to get by.
22.
Me las apañaré.
I’ll get by.
23.
Llegué al hotel 10 minutos tarde.
I got to the hotel 10 minutes late.
24.
Si no superas la enfermedad hoy, la superarás pronto.
If you don’t get over the illness today, you’ll get over it soon.
25.
Aléjate del humo.
Get away from the smoke.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 32
Vaughan
LIST 30 - Phrasal Verbs (4)
S Y S T E M S
1.
He mirado con detenimiento tu currículum.
I’ve looked through your résumé.
2.
Mi coche se averió en medio de la carretera.
My car broke down in the middle of the highway.
3.
Desglosa las ventas. Desglósalas por regiones.
Break down the sales. Break them down by regions.
4.
Da la vuelta a la tortilla. Dale la vuelta ahora.
Turn over the omelette. Turn it over now.
5.
Si Superman no se da la vuelta, no podré ver su capa.
If Superman doesn’t turn around, I won’t be able to see his cape.
6.
Esto se está convirtiendo en una pesadilla.
This is turning into a nightmare.
7.
Resulta que todo el mundo lo sabía menos yo.
It turns out that everyone knew except me.
8.
Si no inflas el globo, yo lo inflaré.
If you don’t blow up the balloon, I’ll blow it up.
9.
Si no vuelas el puente, yo lo volaré.
If you don’t blow up the bridge, I’ll blow it up.
10.
Elige el color que más te guste.
Pick out the colour you like the best.
11.
Déjamelo a mí.
Leave it to me.
12.
Déjame salir.
Let me out.
13.
Déjame entrar.
Let me in.
14.
Ella dejó escapar un suspiro.
She let out a sigh.
15.
Si no te apuntas al curso, yo me apuntaré a él.
If you don’t sign up for the course, I’ll sign up for it.
16.
Emprendieron el viaje ayer.
They set out yesterday.
17.
Quiero fijar unas reglas antes de empezar.
I want to set down some rules before starting.
18.
Voy a concertar una entrevista con ella.
I’m going to set up an interview with her.
19.
Cálmate.
Settle down.
20.
Túmbate.
Lie down.
21.
Incorpórate.
Sit up.
22.
¿Cuándo volviste? (Llegar de regreso)
When did you get back? (f)
23.
No pude establecer contacto con ellos. (Telefónico)
I couldn’t get through to them.
24.
Adelante.
Go ahead.
25.
Estábamos en el barrio y decidimos pasar por aquí para haceros una visita.
We were in the neighborhood and we decided to drop by and pay you a visit.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 33
Vaughan
List 31 - Phrasal Verbs (5)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Pasaré por tu casa camino de la mía.
I’ll pass by your house on the way to mine. (Drop by)
2.
La buena señora falleció después de una larga enfermedad.
The good lady passed away after a long illness.
3.
Me quedé sin sentido.
I passed out.
4.
Primero tienes que atravesar un cruce.
First you have to pass through an intersection.
5.
No dejes pasar esta oportunidad.
Don’t pass up this opportunity.
6.
No te acerques a mi novia.
Stay away from my girlfriend.
7.
Dejé el colegio a los 15 años.
I dropped out of school when I was 15 years old.
8.
Nos quedamos levantados hasta las tantas.
We stayed up very late. (c)
9.
Nos quedamos por ahí hasta las tantas.
We stayed out very late.
10.
Le gusta presumir.
He likes to show off.
11.
¿Cómo puedo transmitirles la importancia de esto?
How can I get across to them the importance of this?
12.
No sé cómo transmitírselo.
I don’t know how to get it across to them.
13.
Ella me habló hasta convencerme. (Me comió el coco.)
She talked me into it.
14.
Me alegro de que me hayas hablado para convencerme de lo contrario.
I’m glad you talked me out of it.
15.
No me líes.
Don’t mix me up.
16.
No puedo captar lo que dicen.
I can’t make out what they’re saying.
17.
No te quedes atrás.
Don’t fall behind.
18.
No te enamores.
Don’t fall in love.
19.
No puedo seguir el ritmo.
I can’t keep up.
20.
Vas muy de prisa. No puedo seguir tu ritmo.
You’re going too fast. I can’t keep up with you.
21.
Si no les alcanzas, ganarán la carrera.
If you don’t catch up with them, they’ll win the race.
22.
Me caí al agua.
I fell into the water.
23.
El niño se cayó del árbol.
The little boy fell out of the tree.
24.
Ella entró en una depresión.
She fell into a depression.
25.
No te apoyes en la mesa.
Don’t lean on the table.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 34
Vaughan
List 32
S Y S T E M S
1.
UNA CALLE DE DOBLE SENTIDO
A TWO-WAY STREET
2.
ANUNCIO (EN PRENSA)
AD
3.
ADVERSARIO
ADVERSARY
4.
BICHO
BUG
5.
ESCUETO, CONCISO
CONCISE
6.
INGENIERÍA
ENGINEERING
7.
PROHIBIDO
FORBIDDEN
8.
CALOR
HEAT
9.
ESCONDIDO, OCULTO
HIDDEN
10.
IMPARCIAL
IMPARTIAL
11.
IMPACIENTE
IMPATIENT
12.
CLASE MEDIA
MIDDLE CLASS
13.
MISTERIOSO
MYSTERIOUS
14.
PESIMISTA
PESSIMISTIC
15.
IMPORTANTE, SIGNIFICATIVO
SIGNIFICANT
16.
SINCERIDAD
SINCERITY
17.
ESTRATÉGICO
STRATEGIC
18.
AFECTAR
TO AFFECT
19.
DICTAR
TO DICTATE
20.
PROHIBIR
TO FORBID
21.
IMPRESIONAR
TO IMPRESS
22.
COSER
TO SEW
23.
AGRADECER
TO THANK
24.
DAR LA BIENVENIDA
TO WELCOME
25.
RARO
UNCOMMON
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 35
Vaughan
List 33
S Y S T E M S
1.
ADECUADAMENTE
ADEQUATELY
2.
AGRESIVO
AGGRESSIVE
3.
NACIMIENTO
BIRTH
4.
MANTA
BLANKET
5.
PRESUPUESTO
BUDGET
6.
ELEGANTE
ELEGANT
7.
TEMOR, MIEDO
FEAR
8.
FRUSTRANTE
FRUSTRATING
9.
LUNA DE MIEL
HONEYMOON
10.
EN TEORÍA
IN THEORY
11.
NATURALMENTE
NATURALLY
12.
PREDOMINANTE
PREDOMINANT
13.
TRIMESTRALMENTE
QUARTERLY
14.
MÁQUINA DE COSER
SEWING MACHINE
15.
ESTRICTO
STRICT
16.
ASEGURAR
TO ASSURE
17.
COBRAR, CARGAR
TO CHARGE
18.
CONTENER
TO CONTAIN
19.
DESCUBRIR
TO DISCOVER
20.
PREVER
TO FORECAST
21.
MANTENER UNA REUNIÓN
TO HOLD A MEETING
22.
SALTAR, OMITIR
TO SKIP
23.
SEGUIR EN CONTACTO
TO STAY IN TOUCH
24.
ROPA INTERIOR
UNDERWEAR
25.
BIENESTAR
WELL-BEING
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 36
Vaughan
List 34
S Y S T E M S
1.
UNA PÉRDIDA DE TIEMPO
A WASTE OF TIME
2.
AYUDA, AUXILIO
AID
3.
COMPORTAMIENTO
BEHAVIOR
4.
MANDÓN
BOSSY
5.
COMPARABLE
COMPARABLE
6.
HECHO
FACT
7.
FORMATO
FORMAT
8.
RAYO, RELÁMPAGO
LIGHTNING
9.
NERVIOS
NERVES
10.
DOLOROSO
PAINFUL
11.
SOMBRA
SHADE
12.
DORMIDO, CON SUEÑO
SLEEPY
13.
AMENAZA
THREAT
14.
LOGRAR, CONSEGUIR
TO ACHIEVE
15.
ESTAR EN HUELGA
TO BE ON STRIKE
16.
ECHAR LA CULPA A
TO BLAME
17.
FORMAR ACADÉMICAMENTE
TO EDUCATE
18.
LUCHAR, PELEAR
TO FIGHT
19.
FLOTAR
TO FLOAT
20.
DOBLAR, PLEGAR
TO FOLD
21.
ENGORDAR
TO GAIN WEIGHT
22.
GUIAR
TO GUIDE
23.
IMPLANTAR, PONER EN MARCHA
TO IMPLEMENT
24.
DESAFORTUNADAMENTE
UNFORTUNATELY
25.
BALLENA
WHALE
c
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PAGE 37
Vaughan
List 35
S Y S T E M S
1.
PRECISO, EXACTO
ACCURATE
2.
DECISIVO
DECISIVE
3.
DESTINO
DESTINATION
4.
EMBAJADA
EMBASSY
5.
VENTILADOR, ABANICO
FAN
6.
OLVIDADIZO
FORGETFUL
7.
FRÁGIL
FRAGILE
8.
DOLOR DE CABEZA
HEADACHE
9.
IDENTIDAD
IDENTITY
10.
INCOMPETENCIA
INCOMPETENCE
11.
INICIATIVA
INITIATIVE
12.
MENTIROSO
LIAR
13.
ASUNTO
MATTER
14.
ALCALDE
MAYOR
15.
NORUEGO
NORWEGIAN
16.
LIGERAMENTE
SLIGHTLY
17.
MALETA
SUITCASE
18.
TRUENO
THUNDER
19.
APOSTAR
TO BET
20.
DAR DE COMER, ALIMENTAR
TO FEED
21.
CABER
TO FIT
22.
MENTIR
TO LIE
23.
AGITAR, TEMBLAR
TO SHAKE
24.
UNIR
TO UNITE
25.
SI
WHETHER
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 38
Vaughan
List 36
S Y S T E M S
1.
UN ATAJO
A SHORTCUT
2.
DISCIPLINA
DISCIPLINE
3.
PARA SIEMPRE
FOREVER
4.
PASTOR ALEMÁN
GERMAN SHEPHERD
5.
CHISMORREO
GOSSIP
6.
AURICULARES
HEADPHONES
7.
LÍDER
LEADER
8.
CERCANO
NEARBY
9.
SIMPLE, SIN AIRES
PLAIN
10.
PRAGMÁTICO
PRAGMATIC
11.
ARRIESGADO
RISKY
12.
ESCÁNDALO
SCANDAL
13.
LISTO, ELEGANTE
SMART
14.
RESUMEN
SUMMARY
15.
APRETADO
TIGHT
16.
EXPORTAR
TO EXPORT
17.
ODIAR
TO HATE
18.
DUDAR,VACILAR
TO HESITATE
19.
INSPECCIONAR
TO INSPECT
20.
LEVANTAR
TO LIFT
21.
ECHAR DE MENOS, PERDER
TO MISS
22.
RECORDAR
TO RECALL
23.
DAR LA MANO
TO SHAKE HANDS
24.
A NO SER QUE
UNLESS
25.
ANCHURA
WIDTH
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PAGE 39
Vaughan
List 37
S Y S T E M S
1.
IRA, RABIA, ENFADO
ANGER
2.
QUE YO SEPA
AS FAR AS I KNOW
3.
EN CUALQUIER CASO
AT ANY RATE
4.
AMARGO
BITTER
5.
AVERÍA, DESGLOSE
BREAKDOWN
6.
BREVEMENTE
BRIEFLY
7.
EMOCIONANTE
EXCITING
8.
FORTUNA
FORTUNE
9.
FUNCIONAL
FUNCTIONAL
10.
GITANO
GYPSY
11.
INMEDIATO
IMMEDIATE
12.
EQUIPAJE
LUGGAGE
13.
EVIDENTE, OBVIO
OBVIOUS
14.
POBREZA
POVERTY
15.
PRÁCTICA
PRACTICE
16.
BILLETE DE VUELTA
RETURN TICKET
17.
SONRISA
SMILE
18.
SUMINISTRO
SUPPLY
19.
SOLICITAR
TO APPLY FOR
20.
ESPERAR, PREVER
TO EXPECT
21.
INVENTAR
TO INVENT
22.
CARGAR
TO LOAD
23.
CUIDAR (DE ALGUIEN)
TO LOOK AFTER
24.
PARTICIPAR
TO PARTICIPATE
25.
PERIÓDO DE PRUEBA
TRIAL PERIOD
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PAGE 40
Vaughan
List 38
S Y S T E M S
1.
VALLA PUBLICITARIA
BILLBOARD
2.
CAMPAÑA
CAMPAIGN
3.
CAJERO
CASHIER
4.
EXCUSA
EXCUSE
5.
AUTÉNTICO
GENUINE
6.
IMPACTO
IMPACT
7.
INCOMPETENTE
INCOMPETENT
8.
MÍNIMO
MINIMUM
9.
PERMANENTEMENTE
PERMANENTLY
10.
PERTINENTE, CORRESPONDIENTE
PERTINENT
11.
APLAZAMIENTO
POSTPONEMENT
12.
PARA QUE ...
SO THAT ...
13.
APOYO, RESPALDO
SUPPORT
14.
APLICAR
TO APPLY
15.
COBRAR
TO COLLECT
16.
ADJUNTAR (A UNA CARTA)
TO ENCLOSE
17.
EXAMINAR
TO EXAMINE
18.
ADIVINAR, SUPONER
TO GUESS
19.
INFORMAR
TO INFORM
20.
INVESTIGAR
TO INVESTIGATE
21.
PROGRESAR
TO PROGRESS
22.
COMPARTIR
TO SHARE
23.
DEJAR PROPINA
TO TIP
24.
DESAGRADABLE
UNPLEASANT
25.
FUERZA DE VOLUNTAD
WILLPOWER
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PAGE 41
Vaughan
List 39
S Y S T E M S
1.
COMO SI
AS THOUGH
2.
PRIMA, INCENTIVO
BONUS
3.
DIBUJOS ANIMADOS
CARTOONS
4.
DESDE LUEGO, POR SUPUESTO
CERTAINLY
5.
CONSERVADOR
CONSERVATIVE
6.
DISEÑO
DESIGN
7.
SALIDA
EXIT
8.
UÑA
FINGERNAIL
9.
MOSCA
FLY
10.
PERIODISTA
JOURNALIST
11.
REINO
KINGDOM
12.
LÓGICAMENTE
LOGICALLY
13.
NINGUNA PARTE
NOWHERE
14.
FUERA DE CONTROL
OUT OF CONTROL
15.
PORTÁTIL
PORTABLE
16.
PRECAUCIÓN
PRECAUTION
17.
CUALIFICADO
QUALIFIED
18.
NEUMÁTICO
TIRE
19.
INVOLUCRAR
TO INVOLVE
20.
BAJAR, HACER DESCENDER
TO LOWER
21.
POSPONER
TO POSTPONE
22.
PROCEDER
TO PROCEED
23.
SUPONER
TO SUPPOSE
24.
RARO
UNUSUAL
25.
ALA
WING
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PAGE 42
Vaughan
List 40
S Y S T E M S
1.
HERMOSURA, BELLEZA
BEAUTY
2.
CIUDADANO
CITIZEN
3.
CAJÓN
DRAWER
4.
EXPORTACIONES
EXPORTS
5.
SOLTURA
FLUENCY
6.
ULTRAMARINOS, COMESTIBLES
GROCERIES
7.
PEINADO
HAIRSTYLE
8.
AUDICIÓN, CAPACIDAD AUDITIVA
HEARING
9.
POCO A POCO
LITTLE BY LITTLE
10.
SUERTE, FORTUNA
LUCK
11.
ESPEJO
MIRROR
12.
BARRIO
NEIGHBORHOOD
13.
PÁRRAFO
PARAGRAPH
14.
PRECISAMENTE
PRECISELY
15.
RECESIÓN
RECESSION
16.
EGOÍSTA
SELFISH
17.
SOLDADO
SOLDIER
18.
LA LEY
THE LAW
19.
PREDECIR
TO PREDICT
20.
PULSAR
TO PRESS
21.
PREVENIR, EVITAR
TO PREVENT
22.
SOBREVIVIR
TO SURVIVE
23.
HERRAMIENTA
TOOL
24.
VARIEDAD
VARIETY
25.
ALAMBRE, CABLE
WIRE
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PAGE 43
Vaughan
List 41
S Y S T E M S
1.
UN REQUISITO
A REQUIREMENT
2.
FRENOS
BRAKES
3.
POR CASUALIDAD
BY CHANCE
4.
PAPEL CARTÓN
CARDBOARD
5.
CONSECUTIVO, SEGUIDO
CONSECUTIVE
6.
DEUDA
DEBT
7.
DESCUENTO
DISCOUNT
8.
EXPRESIVO
EXPRESSIVE
9.
PLANO, LLANO
FLAT
10.
PARA SIEMPRE
FOR GOOD
11.
TRABAJADOR
HARD-WORKING
12.
JOYA
JEWEL
13.
LEGAL
LEGAL
14.
PARA NADA, EN ABSOLUTO
NOT AT ALL
15.
DE SOBRA
PLENTY OF
16.
PRIVADO, ÍNTIMO
PRIVATE
17.
CORRECTAMENTE, ADECUADAMENTE
PROPERLY
18.
PROSPERIDAD
PROSPERITY
19.
MATERIA, COSA, SUSTANCIA
STUFF
20.
HACER UN ESFUERZO
TO MAKE AN EFFORT
21.
SEÑALAR, RESALTAR
TO POINT OUT
22.
TRAGAR
TO SWALLOW
23.
DESEAR
TO WISH
24.
TEMA (DE CONVERSACIÓN)
TOPIC
25.
VEHÍCULO
VEHICLE
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PAGE 44
Vaughan
List 42
S Y S T E M S
1.
ACEPTACIÓN
ACCEPTANCE
2.
CONTABLE
ACCOUNTANT
3.
EXTROVERTIDO
EXTROVERTED
4.
BANDERA
FLAG
5.
FRACCIÓN
FRACTION
6.
PATATAS FRITAS
FRENCH FRIES
7.
INFLEXIBLE
INFLEXIBLE
8.
INESTABILIDAD
INSTABILITY
9.
RENTABLE
PROFITABLE
10.
LECTURA
READING
11.
RECIBO
RECEIPT
12.
ENVÍO (DE MERCANCIAS)
SHIPMENT
13.
FUENTE, ORIGEN
SOURCE
14.
SORPRENDENTE
SURPRISING
15.
INTERRUPTOR
SWITCH
16.
LAS RAMAS
THE BRANCHES
17.
LA DIRECCIÓN
THE MANAGEMENT
18.
GOBERNAR
TO GOVERN
19.
ECHAR AL CORREO
TO MAIL
20.
PROPORCIONAR, SUMINISTRAR
TO PROVIDE
21.
PROVOCAR
TO PROVOKE
22.
COMERCIO
TRADE
23.
DESAFORTUNADO
UNLUCKY
24.
VÍCTIMA
VICTIM
25.
TALLER MECÁNICO
WORKSHOP
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PAGE 45
Vaughan
List 43
S Y S T E M S
1.
LOGRO, CONSECUCIÓN
ACCOMPLISHMENT
2.
ACONSEJABLE
ADVISABLE
3.
APETITO
APPETITE
4.
BALA
BULLET
5.
CONFIDENCIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
6.
ACTUAL
CURRENT
7.
REGLA DE ORO
GOLDEN RULE
8.
INDEFINIDAMENTE
INDEFINITELY
9.
ALTAVOZ
LOUDSPEAKER
10.
PARADÓJICO
PARADOXICAL
11.
FONTANERO
PLUMBER
12.
ANTERIORMENTE
PREVIOUSLY
13.
ADECUADO
PROPER
14.
BASTANTE
QUITE
15.
BUSQUEDA
SEARCH
16.
LISO
SMOOTH
17.
PROPINA
TIP
18.
VALER LA PENA
TO BE WORTHWHILE
19.
ATERRIZAR, TOMAR TIERRA
TO LAND
20.
MEMORIZAR
TO MEMORIZE
21.
CUESTIONAR
TO QUESTION
22.
ESPECIALIZARSE
TO SPECIALIZE
23.
ENCENDER
TO SWITCH ON
24.
BANDEJA
TRAY
25.
VOLUMEN
VOLUME
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PAGE 46
Vaughan
List 44
S Y S T E M S
1.
A TODA VELOCIDAD
AT FULL SPEED
2.
AUTÉNTICO
AUTHENTIC
3.
BASADO EN
BASED ON
4.
CAPÍTULO
CHAPTER
5.
CHICLE
CHEWING GUM
6.
HARINA
FLOUR
7.
GRATITUD
GRATITUDE
8.
GRIEGO
GREEK
9.
¡ESPERA!
HOLD ON!
10.
ANFITRIONA
HOSTESS
11.
POR ESCRITO
IN WRITING
12.
INVERSIÓN
INVESTMENT
13.
PRÉSTAMO
LOAN
14.
MINA
MINE
15.
EMBARAZADA
PREGNANT
16.
ASCENSO, PROMOCIÓN
PROMOTION
17.
EMISORA DE RADIO
RADIO STATION
18.
CIENCIA
SCIENCE
19.
VELOCIDAD
SPEED
20.
SISTEMÁTICO
SYSTEMATIC
21.
DIMINUTO, MUY PEQUEÑO
TINY
22.
ESTAR FAMILIARIZADO CON
TO BE FAMILIAR WITH
23.
DISPARA
TO SHOOT
24.
TRATAR
TO TREAT
25.
CARTERA, BILLETERO
WALLET
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PAGE 47
Vaughan
List 45
S Y S T E M S
1.
CONTABILIDAD
ACCOUNTING
2.
DINERO EN METÁLICO
CASH
3.
CONEXIÓN
CONNECTION
4.
PRESA
DAM
5.
DÉCADA
DECADE
6.
POLVO
DUST
7.
EFICIENCIA
EFFICIENCY
8.
AGRICULTURA
FARMING
9.
FAVORABLE
FAVORABLE
10.
GUARDA
GUARD
11.
TRABAJO DOMÉSTICO
HOUSEWORK
12.
LESIÓN
INJURY
13.
VESTÍBULO (DE HOTEL)
LOBBY
14.
MODESTO
MODEST
15.
LLUVIOSO
RAINY
16.
GAMA
RANGE
17.
VALORACIÓN
RATING
18.
ORILLA
SHORE
19.
DEPÓSITO
TANK
20.
EL CONTENIDO
THE CONTENTS
21.
ESTAR DISPUESTO A
TO BE WILLING TO
22.
DIVIDIR
TO SPLIT
23.
TRUCO, TRAMPA
TRICK
24.
ADVERTENCIA
WARNING
25.
ANUALMENTE
YEARLY
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PAGE 48
Vaughan
List 46
S Y S T E M S
1.
ASOMBROSO
AMAZING
2.
CORRIDA DE TOROS
BULLFIGHT
3.
PRESIDENTE DEL CONSEJO
CHAIRMAN
4.
COMPATIBLE
COMPATIBLE
5.
CONTAGIOSO
CONTAGIOUS
6.
TRIBUNAL
COURT
7.
POSTRE
DESSERT
8.
HEMBRA
FEMALE
9.
GUÍA
GUIDE
10.
IMPROBABLE
IMPROBABLE
11.
LABIOS
LIPS
12.
UBICADO
LOCATED
13.
MATRIMONIO
MARRIAGE
14.
OPERACIÓN
OPERATION
15.
PLACER
PLEASURE
16.
RESPONSABLE
RESPONSIBLE
17.
SEGURO
SECURE
18.
ESPONTÁNEAMENTE
SPONTANEOUSLY
19.
TAREA
TASK
20.
A TRAVÉS DE
THROUGH
21.
LLEVARSE BIEN CON
TO GET ALONG WITH
22.
RAZONAR CON
TO REASON WITH
23.
CONFIANZA
TRUST
24.
OLA
WAVE
25.
¡QUÉ LÍO!
WHAT A MESS!
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Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 49
Presentations & Public Speaking
Telephoning and conference calls Vocabulary for dealing with questions Interview evaluation sheet
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
This is Sonia.
Answering a call
Sonia speaking. How can I help you? (Not 'I am Sonia!')
Excuse me, who's calling please?
Asking who is on the telephone
May I ask who's speaking? Who shall I say is calling? (Not 'Who is this?')
Could you please tell me the number of your Madrid branch?
Asking for a number
Could you give me the number of the Human Resources department? Do you have the number for....?
Is this the Customer Service Department? Could I speak to...
Asking for someone
Is Maria there/in? Could you put me through to Extension 123? Can I have Extension 123?
I'll just put you through.
Connecting someone
Can you hold the line? Can you hold on a minute/moment? Hold please.
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PAGE 51
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
I'm afraid Maria is not available at the moment.
When someone is not available
Maria's out/away at the moment... The line is busy; could you call back later?
Taking a message
Leaving a message
Can/Could/May I take a message? Would you like to leave a message?
Could I leave a message for her? Could you pass on a message to Sonia for me please?
Have I got this straight? Have I got that right?
Checking information
Let me just check the details... Just to confirm, you are arriving on the 27th, is that right?
I'm sorry, this connection is terrible. Could you repeat that please?
Problems with the line
I think there's some interference on the line. I'm sorry, I think we got cut off just then. You're breaking up – do you have a land line I could call you on?
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PAGE 52
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
Thank you for calling. Is there anything else I can help you with?
Ending a call
Very nice to talk to you. If there's anything else, you can reach me on my mobile/ my extension is 8893. Talk to you again soon.
Add any further sentences you can think of…
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PAGE 53
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
EXPRESSIONS FOR DEALING WITH QUESTIONS
Do you mind if I ask you whether… Could you tell me if…
Asking Questions – Polite
I’d be interested to know… I’d like to know … Would you mind telling me/us about…
Please do/ Go ahead/Certainly.
Answering Polite Questions
That’s a good point. That’s an interesting question. I’m glad you asked me/raised that.
Statement Questions
Make a statement with a question intonation or a question tag. E.g. - “The project won’t be finished on time?” Or “We’ve underestimated the budget, haven’t we?”
If you want to contradict a statement question, use ‘actually’ or ‘as a matter of fact.’
Contradicting a Statement Question
E.g. - “We’ve underestimated the budget, haven’t we? Actually, we’re right on target.” Or “The project won’t be finished on time? As a matter of fact, we expect to have completed the work by next week.”
I'd like to reassure you about that.
Giving Reassurance
There is no need for concern on that point. You need have no worries on that front. I can understand your concern but...
Add any further sentences you can think of…
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PAGE 54
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
INTERVIEW EVALUATION SHEET
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
c
START OF THE INTERVIEW * Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
TELL ME A BIT ABOUT YOURSELF
HOW DID YOU FIND OUT ABOUT THIS POSITION?
ACHIEVEMENTS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
WHAT ARE YOUR LONG-TERM CAREER PLANS?
WHY SHOULD WE CHOOSE YOU?
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 55
Appendices Cloverdale’s Characters Sudoku Inglés Most Common Irregular Verbs Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Philip Johnson Phillip Johnson is 39 years old. He’s married and has two children. He lives in a nice house in Lincoln, Nebraska. He is a businessman and he works in a bank in the center of Lincoln. He is the General Manager of the bank. He goes to work every day at 8:30 in the morning. He gets to the office at 9:00. He parks his car under the bank in the parking garage. In the morning, he usually works from 9:00 to 12:30. He spends a lot of time talking on the telephone and reading financial reports. He usually has lunch near his office. There are many good restaurants in the center of Lincoln. He goes back to the office at 1:30 and stays there until 6:00. After work, he usually goes home, but sometimes he goes
to his son’s school to watch him play basketball or baseball. He usually gets home from work at 6:30, but when he goes to see his son, he gets home around 8:00. He likes his job because he has a good salary and because he works with a lot of interesting people. He doesn’t travel very often in his job, but from time to time he needs to go to Omaha, a city 150 miles from Lincoln. When he goes to Omaha, he usually comes back to Lincoln on the same day, but sometimes he needs to spend the night there. He usually stays at the Omaha Sheraton Hotel, but sometimes he stays in the Holiday Inn. He prefers the Sheraton because it has a breakfast buffet.
1. How old is Phillip?
20. Does he park in the street?
2. Is he married or single?
21. Where does he park?
3. Does he have any children?
22. How long does he work in the morning?
38. Does he like his job?
4. How many children does he have?
23. Does he spend a lot of time with customers?
39. Why does he like it?
5. Does he live in New York?
24. What does he spend a lot of time doing?
40. Does he often travel in his job?
6. Where does he live?
25. Does he have lunch at home?
41. Where does he need to go from time to
7. Does he live in a nice house?
26. Where does he usually have lunch?
8. Is he an actor?
27. Are there many good restaurants near
9. What does he do? 10. Does he work in a pharmacy? 11. Where does he work? 12. Is the bank outside of Lincoln? 13. Where is the bank? 14. Does he have an important job?
his office? 28. What time does he go back to the office after lunch?
37. What time does he get home when he’s with his son?
time? 42. How far is Omaha from Lincoln? 43. Does he usually stay in Omaha for several days? 44. How long does he usually stay in Omaha?
29. Does he stay at the office until 7o’clock?
45. Does he always spend the night in Omaha?
30. How long does he stay at the office?
46. Does he usually stay at the Palace Hotel
31. Does he go to a bar with his friends after work?
in Omaha? 47. Where does he usually stay?
15. What’s his position in the bank?
32. Where does he usually go after work?
48. Where does he sometimes stay?
16. Does he go to work every day?
33. What time does he usually get home?
49. Which hotel does he prefer?
17. What time does he go to work?
34. Does he always go home after work?
50. Why does he prefer it?
18. Does he get to the office at 8:45?
35. Where does he sometimes go?
19. What time does he get to the office?
36. Why does he go to his son’s school?
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PAGE 57
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Nancy Johnson Nancy Johnson is 38 years old. She is Phillip’s wife. She lives with her husband and children in Lincoln, Nebraska. She’s from Kansas, the state immediately south of Nebraska. She is an interior decorator. In the morning, she teaches interior design at a technical school 20 miles from Lincoln. She starts her classes every day at 10:00 and finishes at 12:00. She has two classes, each with about 15 students. Then she goes home to have lunch. After lunch, she goes to her husband’s bank where she spends about 30 minutes with the woman responsible for expansion. She looks at the plans for the new bank branches and gives recommendations about the interior design and decoration. She doesn’t receive a
salary for this. She does it because the woman is a good friend of hers. In the afternoon, she works as an independent decorator. Some days, she spends two or three hours visiting different clients and other days she stays at home creating decoration plans or calling people. She decorates offices, restaurants and homes. She doesn’t like to decorate offices very much because the companies usually prefer functional decoration and this is boring for her. She doesn’t like to decorate restaurants either, because often the owner of the restaurant thinks that he’s a professional decorator too. She likes to decorate homes because she is free to make more decisions and to be more creative.
1. Is Nancy 33 years old?
23. What time does she start her classes?
43. Does she receive a nice salary for this help?
2. How old is she?
24. What time does she finish?
44. How much money does she receive?
3. Is she Nigel’s wife?
25. Does she have three classes?
45. Does she help the woman because she’s
4. Whose wife is she?
26. How many classes does she have?
5. Who does she live with?
27. Are there 20 students in each class?
46. Why does she help the woman?
6. Where does she live?
28. How many students are there in each class?
47. What does Nancy do in the afternoon?
7. Is she from Nebraska?
29. Does she have lunch near the technical
48. Does she work in an office?
8. Where is she from?
school?
bored?
49. Where does she work when she’s not visiting clients?
9. Is Kansas far from Nebraska?
30. Where does she have lunch?
10. Is it near Nebraska?
31. Does she stay at home after lunch?
11. Is it north or south of Nebraska?
32. Where does she go after lunch?
12. Is Nancy a school teacher?
33. Does she stay at the bank all afternoon?
51. Does she visit her clients every day?
13. What does she do?
34. Does she spend an hour there every day?
52. How often does she visit clients?
14. Does she teach?
35. How much time does she spend at the
53. Does she only decorate homes?
15. What does she teach?
bank?
50. What does she do when she is working at home?
54. What kind of places does she decorate?
16. Does she teach interior design in the evenings?
36. Does she spend this time with her husband?
55. Does she like to decorate offices?
17. When does she teach it?
37. Who does she spend the time with?
56. Why not?
18. Does she teach it at a university?
38. What is this woman responsible for?
57. Does she like to decorate restaurants?
19. Where does she teach it?
39. Does Nancy help this woman?
58. Why not?
20. Is the technical school in the center of
40. What kind of plans does she look at?
59. Does she like to decorate homes?
41. Does she give recommendations?
60. Why does she like to decorate homes?
Lincoln? 21. Where is it? 22. How many days a week does she teach?
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42. What kind of recommendations does she give?
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PAGE 58
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
Paula Eisenbach Paula Eisenbach is 22 years old. She is in her last year at the University of Heidelberg, where she is studying computer systems and graphic arts. She is from Munich, in the south of Germany. Heidelberg is a town in Germany famous for its beauty and for its university. Paula likes it very much. She lives in a flat with two other friends. One of them studies graphic arts, too, and the other works in a fashion shop in the center of the town. Paula spends all of her time attending classes, doing homework, and helping Tom, an American student who lives near her in Heidelberg.Tom is studying graphic arts, too, but he is also working part-time for Walt Disney Corporation as an artist for Disney cartoons. Tom receives a lot of instructions from the Disney people in California over the Internet. With these instructions, he
draws the cartoon characters and scenes and sends them back to California by computer. Disney sends him a lot of work and he gives some of it to Paula. Paula helps him in the evenings and sometimes on the weekends. She likes the artistic work because she wants to improve her technique. She likes to draw, and she’s very artistic, but she doesn’t have the patience or discipline to spend a long time developing complicated scenes or characters.Tom is the opposite and Paula is learning a lot by working with him. They are very good friends. Tom is from California and he wants to go back for the Christmas holidays. He wants to invite Paula to go with him. She’s not sure because she doesn’t know Tom very well yet.
1. Is Paula Eisenbach 40 years old?
18. Is the other friend a student too?
34. Does Tom do all the work alone?
2. How old is she?
19. Is she a fashion model?
35. Who helps him?
3. Does she live in Frankfurt?
20. Where does she work?
36. When does she help him?
4. Where does she live?
21. Where’s the shop?
37. Does she like this work?
5. Does she live there because she works
22. What does Paula spend all her time doing?
38. Why does she like it?
23. What country is Tom from?
39. Is she artistic?
6. Why does she live in Heidelberg?
24. Is he a student?
40. Does she like to spend a long time drawing?
7. What is she studying at the university?
25. Does he live outside of Heidelberg?
41. Why not?
8. Is she from Heidelberg?
26. Where does he live?
42. Is Tom similar to Paula in this respect?
9. Where’s she from?
27. What is he studying?
43. Is Paula learning a lot from Tom?
28. Who does he work part-time for?
44. What is their relationship?
29. What does he draw for the Disney
45. Where is Tom from in the U.S.?
there?
10. Where’s Munich? 11. Is Heidelberg famous for its beer?
Corporation? 12. What is Heidelberg famous for? 13. Does Paula like Heidelberg? 14. Does she live in a house or in a flat?
47. Does he want to go back alone?
31. Does he receive the instructions by
48. Who does he want to invite?
telephone?
15. Does she live alone?
32. How does he receive them?
16. Who does she live with?
33. How does he send the drawings back to
17. What does one of the friends study?
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46. When does he want to go back?
30. Who does he receive instructions from?
49. Does Paula want to go? 50. What’s the problem?
California?
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PAGE 59
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Natasha Zarakovich Natasha Zarakovich is 28 years old. She lives with her mother and brother in a small apartment near Gorky Park in Moscow. She is a chemist and works in the Russian State Laboratory which analyzes and gives approval to pharmaceutical drugs that Russian laboratories produce or that foreign companies want to sell in Russia. She likes her job because she has a good salary and the laboratory is not far from her house. She goes to work every morning on the subway. The laboratory is only three subway stops away from her house and she usually reads novels in English on the way to work. She wants to improve her English because she has a cousin who lives in Scotland. Her cousin invites Natasha to visit him in Scotland every year, but Natasha doesn’t have enough money to go. She wants to go
next year, but she’s not sure yet. Every day Natasha starts work in the laboratory at 7:30 in the morning. She prefers to begin early because there are fewer people in the subway at that time. She works continuously in the lab until 12:00, when she goes home to have lunch with her mother. She gets back to the lab at 1:30 and continues until 4:30. Sometimes she stays past 4:30 if her boss needs her help, but usually she goes to the national library, near the laboratory, and reads until 6:30 or 7:00. Her house is small and noisy, especially when her brother and his friends are there, and she prefers the quiet and solitude of the library. She always reads in English because she wants to take the State English Examination. If she passes it, she automatically receives an increase in her salary.
1. How old is Natasha Zarakovich?
18. How many stops is the laboratory from
2. Who does she live with? 3. Does she live in big or small apartment? 4. Does she live in St. Petersburg?
her house? 19. Does Natasha read the newspaper on the subway?
33. Does she have lunch in the laboratory? 34. Where does she have lunch? 35. What time does she go home for lunch? 36. Who does she have lunch with?
5. What city does she live in?
20. What does she usually read?
37. What time does she get back to the lab?
6. Does she live near the Kremlin?
21. What kind of novels does she read?
38. What time does she finish work?
7. What does she live near?
22. Why does she read English novels?
39. Does she always leave work at 4:30?
8. What does she do?
23. Why does she want to improve her English?
40. Why does she sometimes stay later?
9. Does she work for a private company?
24. How often does her cousin invite her to
41. Where does she usually go after work?
Scotland?
42. Is the library near or far from the laboratory?
25. Does she go?
43. Until what time does she stay at the library?
26. Why doesn’t she go to Scotland?
44. Does she like to go home to read and study?
27. Does she want to go?
45. Why not?
28. When does she want to go?
46. Why is the house noisy?
13. Does Natasha like her job?
29. What time does she start work every day?
47. Why does she like the library?
14. What about her salary?
30. Does she prefer to go to work early?
48. What language does she read in?
15. Is the laboratory near or far from her house?
31. Why does she prefer this?
49. What kind of examination does she want
16. Does Natasha go to work by bus?
32. How many breaks does she take during
10. Where does she work? 11. What kind of drugs does the laboratory analyze? 12. Does it analyze drugs from foreign companies?
17. How does she go to work?
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to take? 50. What does she receive if she passes the exam?
PAGE 60
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
Inés García Inés García is 24 years old. She lives with her parents about 20 kilometers east of Seville, in the south of Spain. She is a lawyer and works in her father’s law firm in the center of Seville.This is her first year in the firm and she does a lot of the jobs that the other lawyers don’t like to do. She knows how to use computers well and the other lawyers and secretaries in the office always ask her for help. She doesn’t mind helping them, but sometimes she gets the impression that they are taking advantage of her. She also works on some of the legal cases that other lawyers don’t want to handle. She spends a lot of time at the court defending labor cases. Her father’s law firm has a lot of big
companies as clients and Inés spends a lot of time preparing cases concerning labor disputes. Her father says that it’s good experience and Inés agrees. She prepares the cases very well, but she doesn’t want to work in the area of labor law for many years. In the future, she wants to work in mergers and acquisitions, where one company buys another company or two companies join to create a new one. She likes this area of law because it includes a lot of financial aspects which she is studying now at night on a special course that she is taking in business management and finance at the University of Seville. She goes there three nights a week from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
1. How old is Inés?
17. Does she mind helping them?
33. What course is she taking?
2. Who does she live with?
18. What kind of impression does she get
34. Where does she attend the class?
3. Does she live in the north or south of Spain? 4. What city does she live in? 5. Does she live in Seville or outside of Seville? 6. How far does she live from Seville? 7. Does she live 20 kilometers east or west of Seville? 8. Is she a doctor?
sometimes? 19. What kind of legal cases does she work with?
38. How long does the class last? 39. What time does it begin?
22. What kind of clients does her father’s law
40. What time does it end?
firm have? 23. What kind of cases does Inés spend time preparing?
10. Does she work in the public sector?
25. Does Inés agree with her father?
11. Does she work in a law firm?
26. How does she prepare the cases?
12. Whose law firm does she work in?
27. Does she want to work with labor cases?
13. Is this her first or second year in the law firm?
28. What does she want to work with in the future? 29. What is an acquisition?
15. What kind of things does she do?
30. What is a merger?
16. Why do other people in the firm ask her
31. Why does she like this area of law?
for help?
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37. How many nights a week does she go there?
21. What kind of legal cases does she defend?
24. What does her father say about this?
the firm?
36. Does she go there every night?
20. Where does she spend a lot of time?
9. What does she do?
14. Does she do a lot of different things in
35. When does the class take place?
32. Is she taking a special course now?
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PAGE 61
SUDOKU INGLÉS 1
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 62
SUDOKU INGLÉS 2
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 63
SUDOKU INGLÉS 3
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 64
SUDOKU INGLÉS 4
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 65
SUDOKU INGLÉS 5
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 66
Vaughan
Most Common Irregular Verbs
S Y S T E M S
am, is, are
was, were
been
lead
led
led
become
became
become
leave
left
left
begin
began
begun
lend
lent
lent
blow
blew
blown
let
let
let
break
broke
broken
lose
lost
lost
bring
brought
brought
make
made
made
build
built
built
mean
meant
meant
buy
bought
bought
meet
met
met
catch
caught
caught
pay
paid
paid
choose
chose
chosen
put
put
put
come
came
come
quit
quit
quit
cost
cost
cost
read
read
read
cut
cut
cut
ring
rang
rung
deal with
dealt with
dealt with
rise
rose
risen
do
did
done
run
ran
run
drink
drank
drunk
see
saw
seen
drive
drove
driven
sell
sold
sold
eat
ate
eaten
send
sent
sent
fall
fell
fallen
set
set
set
feel
felt
felt
shut
shut
shut
fight
fought
fought
sit
sat
sat
find
found
found
sleep
slept
slept
fly
flew
flown
speak
spoke
spoken
forget
forgot
forgotten
spend
spent
spent
get
got
got/gotten
stand
stood
stood
give
gave
given
steal
stole
stolen
go
went
gone
take
took
taken
grow
grew
grown
teach
taught
taught
have
had
had
tell
told
told
hear
heard
heard
think
thought
thought
hold
held
held
throw
threw
thrown
hurt
hurt
hurt
understand
understood
understood
keep
kept
kept
wear
wore
worn
know
knew
known
win
won
won
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PAGE 67
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
There are many more important verbs not listed here, but these, barring an oversight, are the most commonly used.
c
Hard “d” sound
“t” sound
“id” sound (additional syllable)
Agreed Allowed Answered Appeared Arrived Believed Belonged Called Carried Changed Cleaned Closed Continued Copied Covered Cried Died Earned Enjoyed Explained Followed Gained Happened Joined Listened to Lived Moved Offered Owned Planned Prepared Played Preferred Pulled Rained Raised Received Retired Saved Seemed Served Showed Smiled Snowed Stayed Studied Tried Used Worried
Asked Checked Cooked Crossed Danced Escaped Finished Helped Hoped Jumped Laughed Liked Looked Missed Noticed Parked Passed Picked Progressed Promised Pushed Reached Stopped Talked Walked Washed Watched Wished Worked
Accepted Acted Added Attended Attracted Avoided Contacted Counted Created Decided Depended on Divided Eliminated Existed Expanded Expected Hated Included Insisted Invented Invited Landed Lifted Lasted Needed Pointed Printed Rented Rested Shouted Started Treated Waited Wanted Wasted
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PAGE 68
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
S Y S T E M S
The following list outlines some of the most common problems for Spanish speakers caused by direct translation.
SPANGLISH
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
To depend of something
To depend on something
To spend money in something
To spend money on something
To pay something
To pay for something
To buy to someone
To buy from someone
To work in something
To work on something
To focus in something
To focus on something
To know to do something
To know how to do something
To be related with something
To be related to something
To be committed with something
To be committed to something
Near of/from somewhere
Near somewhere
Close of/from somewhere
Close to somewhere
To be based in something
To be based on something
To be responsible of something
To be responsible for something
To be the guilty (I’m the guilty)
To be one’s fault (It’s my fault)
According with someone
According to someone
I must to study
I must study (NEVER to)
I can to swim
I can swim (NEVER to)
I will to go
I will go (NEVER to)
Tell to us
Tell us (NEVER to)
Ask to him
Ask him (NEVER to)
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PAGE 69
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Call to Mary
Call Mary (NEVER to)
I am agreed
I agree
Are you agreed?
Do you agree?
To explain you
To explain to you (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen me
To listen to me (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen it
To listen to it (ALWAYS to something)
To propose them
To propose to them (ALWAYS to someone)
An important problem
A big problem
The best important
The most important
The important is...
The important thing is...
To do a purchase
To make a purchase
To make a travel
To make/take a trip
To make a question
To ask a question
To make business
To do business
To make research
To do/carry out research
To take a drink/meal
To have a drink/meal
To arrive to an agreement
To come to/reach an agreement
To get an objective
To reach/achieve an objective
To have sense
To make sense
People is
People ARE
Persons
People
We are three
There are three of us
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PAGE 70
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Actually (= actualmente)
Currently/presently
Illusioned (= ilusionado)
Hopeful/excited
Really (= en realidad)
Actually
Impressing
Impressive
How curious! (= Qué curioso)
That’s funny/interesting
In a future
In the future
Question (= asunto)
Issue/matter
To discuss (= disputar)
To argue
May I take lent your pen?
May I borrow your pen?
To count a history
To tell a story
To assist to class
To attend class
To remember someone to do something
To remind someone to do something
The competence (= competencia)
The competition/competitors
Nothing of nothing
Nothing at all
Particular lessons
Private lessons
To learn English is funny
Learning English is fun
Customer fidelity
Customer loyalty
A familiar car
A family car
Tonight (= anoche)
Last night
This night (= esta noche)
Tonight
All the days
Everyday
All the day
All day (long)
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PAGE 71
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
During 4 years
For 4 years
It’s for this reason that...
That’s why...
It’s the same
It doesn’t matter
the same than/that
The same as
different that
Different than
I have 21 years
I am 21 years old
10% of discount
A 10% discount
10 thousands of people
10 thousand people
1 thousand million (= 1,000 million)
1 billion [U.S.A.]
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PAGE 72
