Classroom Language

Classroom Language

Management Process Commentary

Picture Copyright Cambridge University Press

Preparado para Classroom Management Workshop CPR Gijón, 2008 Tricia Spence – [email protected]

Classroom Language Greetings .................................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................3 Manners....................................................................................................................................................................3 Encouragement........................................................................................................................................................3 Exclamation.............................................................................................................................................................3 Discipline/ disapproval and bad behaviour..............................................................................................................3 Noise........................................................................................................................................................................4 Problems and health.................................................................................................................................................4 Comments and Colloquial Expressions/Utterances.................................................................................................4 Attention..................................................................................................................................................................4 Suggestions..............................................................................................................................................................5 To encourage expression in English.........................................................................................................................5 Instructions for physical activities, games, etc. .......................................................................................................5 Possession................................................................................................................................................................5 Colour, number and description...............................................................................................................................5 Location...................................................................................................................................................................5 Direction..................................................................................................................................................................5 Weather....................................................................................................................................................................6 Special Occasions....................................................................................................................................................6 The school................................................................................................................................................................6 Subjects....................................................................................................................................................................6 Classroom equipment.................................................... equipment...............................................................................................................................................6 ...........................................................................................6 Students’ equipment.................................................................................................................................................6 Maths equipment................................................................ equipment......................................................................................................................................................7 ......................................................................................7 Art equipment..........................................................................................................................................................7 Music equipment................................................. equipment......................................................................................................................................................7 .....................................................................................................7 Teaching-learning instructions...................................................................................................... instructions.................................................................................................................................7 ...........................7 Space-time management..........................................................................................................................................7 Pupil language...................................... language..........................................................................................................................................................7 ....................................................................................................................7

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Starting the class......................................................................................................................................................8 Starting the lesson....................................................................................................................................................8 Grouping..................................................................................................................................................................8 Locating information...............................................................................................................................................9 Feedback..................................................................................................................................................................9 Checking comprensi ón...........................................................................................................................................10 Inviting oral contributions......................................................................................................................................10 Praising...................................................................................................................................................................10 Reorienting.............................................................................................................................................................10 Suggesting..............................................................................................................................................................10 Finishing the lesson or activity..............................................................................................................................11 Homework..............................................................................................................................................................11

Classroom Language Greetings

Hello, Hi (everybody), Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good night. Goodbye, Bye-bye. Bye. See you. See you on (day). See you later. How are you? Fine, thanks. And you? Very well, thank you. Introduction

My name is ........ What is your name? I'm, you're, he's, she's etc. And you are ...? This is... Are you...? you...? etc. Who’s Who’s this? Who is it? Who’s Who’s this boy/girl? boy/girl? Who is she/he? Who are these children? Who are they? Pleased to meet you/Pleasure/It’s nice to meet you. Manners

Thank you. Please. (I'm) sorry. Excuse me. Will you......? Can I......? Encouragement

Alright. OK. That's right. That's nice. Great! That's lovely/wonderful/great/ super. Very good! Well done! You did do that well! Yes, it is! Yes, you do! That's very good. Excellent! I like that. That's a good idea. Exclamation •

Subject + stressed auxiliary + verb/adjective, etc. E.g. That is + adjective, etc.

•

What a + singular noun! What + plural/uncountable noun! E.g. What an interesting piece of work! What bad behaviour!

•

How + adjective. E.g. How interesting!

•

Negative inverted form e.g. Isn’t that interesting!.

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Discipline/ disapproval (Down intonation) and bad behaviour 1. THAT’S THAT’S .....

That's not right. That's + negative adjective. E.g. That's naughty. That's awful. I don't like that. No! 2. IMPER IMPERAT ATIVE  IVE 

Put that comic away! Switch off that mobile phone at once! Take off your coat/cap/headphones. Go to the head teacher’s office. Go and stand in the corridor. Get out. You’ve got a detention. Stay behind tomorrow for an hour. Stay in at break. 3. DON’T + INFINITIVE (Negativ (Negativee imperativ imperative) e)

E.G. Don't do that. Don't be nasty/naughty. Don't

hit

......,

don't

fight/bully/tell

tales/tell

lies/annoy/tease/make

such

a

noise/shout/be

rude/interrupt/upset Mary/hurt Pablo/push/hit/pull Mary's hair/nip/pinch/kick/spit/ push in/swing on your chair/ chair/fid fidge get/ba t/bang ng the door/ door/ slam slam the door/ru door/run n in the corridor corridor/sw /swea ear/ta r/talk lk while while somebo somebody dy else else is talking/smoke in the toilets/copy/answer back/be rude/ etc. 4. STOP STOP + ING ING

E.g. Stop fighting. Stop talking. Stop copying. 5. WILL YOU + INFINITIVE INFINITIVE + PLEASE  PLEASE 

E.g. Will you stop making a noise, please. 6. NO + ING/NO ING/NOUN! UN!

No talking. No smoking. No copying. No mobiles in class. Please. 7. YOU’RE YOU’RE NOT NOT ALLOWED ALLOWED TO TO + INFINITIVE 

You’re not allowed to smoke in the school grounds 8. GERUND GERUND + IS IS NOT ALLOWED ALLOWED

Smoking is not allowed 9. SHOUL SHOULDN’ DN’T  T 

You shouldn’t be so noisy 10. MUSTN’T 

You mustn’t write on the desk  Noise

Will you stop talking, please. Can I have quiet, please. Be quiet. Quiet, please. Silence. No noise. Pay attention. Stop talking. Don't talk. I can't hear you because other students are talking. Problems and health

Can I go to the toilet, please? May I leave the room? What’s the matter? What’s wrong? Are you OK/alright? Are you sick/poorly/ill? I don't feel well. I've got stomach/head/ear ache. My back hurts. I’ve hurt my leg. I’ve got a pain in my back. Mar í a's a's ill today. Marí a's a's off school/away/absent. 4

I can’t (write) because …. I’ve sprained my wrist. I’ve broken my finger. I’ve cut my arm. I’ve burnt my hand. My nose is bleeding. He’s got a sore throat/a cold/a bad cough/a temperature/flu He’s out of breath. He can’t breathe properly. I’m hoarse. I’ve lost my voice. Chickenpox; mumps; measles; German measles. Comments and Colloquial Expressions/Utterances

Oh no! Oh dear! That's funny. Poor xxxxx. What a pity! Never mind. It doesn’t matter. Of course.... Where’s my/the ….. ? Oh, there it is! Here we are. Here you are/There you go. That’s great/cool/brilliant. That’s awful/gross/so uncool Wow. Oops. Whoops. Ouch. Cool. Gross. Great. Brilliant. It's up to you. Suit yourself. I don't care. I don't mind. Good luck! Better luck next time! Hard lines. Tough! Attention

Pay attention, please. Right everybody! All together now. Look! Look at ........ Listen! Listen to me, please. Come on. Ready? Quickly! OK. Suggestions

Let’s....... Shall we .........? I've got an idea. Do you want to.....? Who wants to ....? Would you like to ...? Who likes ...? To encourage expression in English

It's ...., isn't it? Is it (etc) ........ or.........? I can't hear you! Can you say that again! Repeat! Speak in English, please! Now you, Pablo.... Tell me about …. Who wants to answer?

Instructions for physical activities, games, etc.

Sit down. Stand up. Sit on the floor. Sit/stand in a row/in a circle. Ready? Again? I want you to get into a line/circle, etc. Stand/sit one behind the other/one in front of the other/next to each other Come here. Come to the ...... Go to the ....... Go out. Come in. Go to your place. Point to the....., Touch the /your ....., Put your hand on your/the... Put up your hands. Put your hands down. Turn (a)round. Open the /your ..... Close the/you t he/yourr ........ Give me the/your/Mary's.......Show the/your/Mary's.......Show me the/your/Mary's ....... Right. Now. Come on. Wait a moment. All together now. Everybody! Tell/ask your partner about (something)/to (do something) (Do you) give in? I give in 5

It's your turn. Whose turn is it? Out!/Eliminated! Who's it? OK, I'll choose someone. Possession

Whose is this......? Whose is it? Whose are these ...? Whose are they? It's xxxxx's ........ It's my, your ........... It's mine/yours, etc. They’re ..... Have you got...? I've got... He/she's got... etc. Colour, number and description

What’s it like? What does it look like? What are they like? What do they look like? His/her hair is long. He's got long hair, etc. What colour is/are ......... It is/they are .......... How many .......(are there)? There are a lot. There aren’t many/there are only a few. There aren’t any/there are none. How much …. Is there? There’s a lot. There isn’t much/there’s only a little. There isn’t any/there’s none. What shape is it? Is it round or square? It's triangular, isn't it. It’s L-shaped. What’s it made of? How big is it? It’s 10 by 10 by 10. It’s 10 cms. long by 10 cms. high by 10 cms. wide. What length/width/height is it. How long/wide/high is it? How tall is she? She’s one metre sixty. What does he weigh? He weighs sixty kilos. Location

Where's...? Where is it/he/she? Where are we/you/they? It's/she's (etc.) on/in/at/under/ behind/near/next to (by, beside)/between/above/over, etc. Direction  ACTION+DIRECTION 

Jump into the water/climb over the fence/ run across the bridge/walk round the room/drive past the school/ski down the slopes Into/out of/up/down/round/through/acro of/up/down/round/through/across/past/to/from/o ss/past/to/from/over/under ver/under,, etc. Weather

What's What's

the

weath weather er

like like

toda today? y?

It's

cold

outsid outside. e.

It's It's

freezi freezing ng

cold, cold,

isn’t isn’t

it.

It's It's

wet/raining/sunny/windy/foggy/cloudy/hailing/sleeting/snowing. The sun's shining. It’s nice and warm. It’s a nice day. It’s an awful day. What a lovely day! There’s a thunder storm. Thunder and lightning. Special Occasions

Birthday: Birthday:

Happy Happy Birthday/Man Birthday/Many y Happy Happy Returns. Returns. How How old are you you today? today? Mary’s Mary’s 11 11 today today. How old old will you be next birthday? Are you having a birthday party? Did you get any presents?

Christmas:

Merry Christmas. Happy New Year. ear. Have Have a good Christmas! Did you

have have

a

good

Christmas? Easter:

Happy Easter ter

St. Valentine's Day. Halloween. Bonfire Night. Pancake Tuesday/Shrove Tuesday. The holidays. Mother's Day/Mothering Sunday. Father's Day. Thanksgiving (US). 6

World Peace Day, etc.

The school

Primary School, Secondary School, High School The school building; the school grounds Classroom, Music Room, Computer Room, Science Lab (laboratory), Gym (gymnasium), corridor, stairs, steps, upstairs, downstairs, on the first floor, on the ground floor, entrance hall, Secretary’s Office, Janitor’s Room, Head Teacher’s Office, Head of Studies’ Office, Staff Room, Dining Hall, Staff Toilets, Boys’/Girls’ Toilets, Playground. Indoor/outdoor basketball court; covered sports area; football pitch/field. Sit at the desk/table. Sit at the back of the class; at the front of the class. Subjects

Maths, Spanish/Language, English, French, German, Art, Geography, History, Social Science, Science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Music, Latin, Greek, PE, Tutorial Classroom equipment

Desks/tables, teacher’s desk, board, chalk, markers, duster/eraser, cassette recorder, CD player, Video, DVD player, TV, OHP (overhead projector) Put it/them on the shelf/shelves, in the cupboard, on your desk, in the drawer, on the floor, by the window/door, next to your desk/table/chair

Students’ equipment

Bag, books, notebooks/exercise notebooks/exercise books/jotters/folder/file/ringbinder. books/jotters/folder/file/ringbinder. Pencil case, pen, pencil, crayon, wax crayon, felt-tip, marker, ruler, eraser/rubber, tippex. Maths equipment

Compass, set square, protractor, angle measurer, calculator, tables, spreadsheet Art equipment

Soft pencils, paintbrushes, paints, water colours, oil paints, palette, canvas, artbook  Music equipment

Recorder, stave book, instruments (see below) Teaching-learning instructions

read, read the instructions carefully, scan the paragraph, write, draw, colour, write down, copy from …, look up in …, find out, learn /by heart) know (by heart), read silently, read aloud, ask a question/a partner, answer the question, question, respond by by …+ ing, do this by …+ ing, look at, listen to, watch (a process/video, process/video, etc.), talk about, discuss, choose, distinguish between, classify, match, join, put into sets, group, order, check, go through, revise Fill in the gaps in this paragraph Complete these sentences with the correct word from the wordbank/using an appropriate word Listen to XXX talking about YYY and complete the table 7

Use the words in the box to complete the text Join the words in the box to the correct definition Join the correct halves of the sentence Circle the correct answer Ask and answer/Find the answers Decide if these statements are True or False Give reasons for your answers Match the sentences which mean the same Find these words in the text, underline them and explain what they mean. Read this extract from …. and find the following information. Match the words in list/column A with the words in list B Don’t answer the questions/write anything until I tell you Underline the mistakes in these sentences. Correct the information. Choose the correct option Make a plan of your writing task before you do it If you’ve finished, you can move on to the next activity Sit down quietly, please. Get out (books/equipment, etc.). Put away (books/equipment, etc.). Put up your hand (if you want to answer) Answer the question, please. Don’t shout. Don’t answer all at once/all together. I can’t hear you. Speak louder, please. Don’t interrupt me/your partner, please. Stop talking to your partner and pay attention. Read the text aloud. Read the text silently/to yourselves. Come out to the board. Write it on the board. Write this down/Copy this. Now you do it. Now we’ll go on to the next exercise. Whose turn is it to … Have you found your place? Which question/What page are you on? Next one, please. Who hasn’t answered yet? Who would like to answer/read? I want you to write this down/in your notebooks The idea of the task is to … Let me explain what to do … Space-time management

I want you to make/form groups of four Move your desks into groups of four people Will you please turn your desks around 8

Make a horseshoe shape with your desks Make a circle with your desks Make a line of desks facing each other Sit back to back  Work together with your friend Find a partner Work in pairs/threes/fours/fives Work in groups of two/three/four There are too many in this group. One of you must move to another group Can you join the other group? I asked for four people to a group Everybody work individually/Work by yourselves/alone./Work independently Ask your neighbour/partner for help/Ask other people in the group Work on the task together/Ask others in the class Interview someone else Stand up and find another partner I want everyone to join in Move around the class and ask your classmates … You’re in the way I can’t get past Could you get out of the way please Look this way, please Excuse me, I can’t see the board. Time’s up You’ve got 3 minutes left/to do it You must finish by 12 o’clock  There’s no hurry No need to rush Quickly, please. Hurry up. Only 2 minutes left. I have to go out a minute Carry on with the task while I’m out I’ll be back in a minute Pupil language

I don’t understand. I don’t know (the answer). I’m sorry, I can’t do it. It’s too hard/difficult. I’ve finished. Ready. I’ve nearly finished. I haven’t finished yet. Can you wait a moment, please. I’m not ready yet. I’ve done it. I’ve already done it. I’ve done it already. I’ve done the first two questions/exercises/tasks. I’ve got two questions left. I’m sorry, teacher, I haven’t done my homework. I didn’t have time to do the homework because … Can you say that/explain again, please. I haven’t got a book/any paper, etc. Can I borrow a pen/some paper, please. I need a pen. Where’s my book? I can’t find my book. It’s my turn. Whose turn is it? It isn’t your turn, it’s mine. 9

Can I ….., please? Could you help me, please. What does … mean? What’s … ? What’s the meaning of … ? How do you pronounce this word? I agree (with). I don’t agree. Starting the class

Hello/Good morning everybody. OK. Stop talking now, please and let’s have quiet. Is everyone here? Is anyone absent? I’ll just take the register. Mar í a? a? Here. Who’s not here today? Who isn’t here? Where’s Juan? What’s wrong with (name)? What’s the matter with (name)? Oh, he’s ill, is he? I see. Who’s the class monitor? Go to the (office) and get some chalk/a new marker. You’re late. What happened? Take off your coats/jackets/cap, please. Put your bags on the floor next to your desk. Switch of your mobile phones Can you switch/turn on/off the lights please? Starting the lesson

Can I have your attention, please? Attention, everybody. First of all, we’ll … Let’s start by … (ing) Listen to me, please. Look at me, please. Right. Get out your books and turn to page 18./OK. Open your books at page 18. Has everyone done the homework? Who’s done the homework? Who hasn’t done the homework? Today we’re going to look at/study/learn about/talk about/do …. Does anyone know anything about it? Can you tell me anything about it? Grouping

First, you’ll work alone and then with a partner. After that, we’ll work together. Work with a partner. Work in pairs/groups. Ok. Now can you get into your groups please. I want you to work in pairs. Work with your partner to (verb)…. I want you to work in groups of 3. Mar í a, a, you turn round and work with the pair behind. Juan you work  with the pair in front. Move your desks together. For the next task, you’re going to work with a partner/in groups. Ask each other ….. 10

Locating information

At the back of the book/at the front of the book/in the middle of the book  On the first page/on page 2 In the index/in the list of contents/in the introduction Look at the board/ the wall chart, the worksheet, etc. Listen to the tape and find out … Look at the instructions/key words/vocabulary/pictures, etc. on the board/at the top/bottom of the page/on the right-hand side of the page/board/picture, etc. Now let’s look at the box/the diagram/the table/the chart/the graph/the picture/the flow chart, etc. You have a wordbank/key/some instructions, etc. in the top left-hand corner of your worksheet. It’s on the board. Look up this topic on the Internet/in a dictionary/in an encyclopaedia. The Internet is a good place to find out information on this topic/issue You can check the answers on page 18. Feedback

Yes, that’s right. OK. Alright. Fine Good. Great. Fantastic. Excellent. Almost. Nearly right Have another try/go Try again That’s more like it Don’t you think it could/might be … Think carefully … Look again carefully … Are you sure it’s …? It’s the wrong answer/It isn’t the right answer/That’s not correct That’s a bit disappointing Does anybody know the right answer? What do you think (name)? You’ve done a good job You’ve got the idea You’re on the right track/lines There's nothing wrong with your answer What you said was perfectly right You didn't make a single mistake That's exactly the point That's just what I was looking for You’ve passed You haven’t passed, I’m afraid. I’m afraid you’ve failed. Checking comprehension

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What’s the meaning of ….? Does this mean xxx or yyy? Tell me another word for … What does xxx refer to? Can you explain what this text means? Why do you think that ….? What’s the opposite of …? What do you understand by …? Inviting oral contributions

Who can tell me …? Can you tell me more? What do you think about …? What do you mean by …? What do you mean when you say …? How do you know? What makes you think that? Praising

You’ve worked very well. That’s really good work. That’s right. Good answer. Well done. This is excellent work. You’re really improving/You’ve really improved This is much better You’ve made a lot of progress Your progress is satisfactory/good/excellent You’ve got a 10/an ‘A’ 10 out of 10! A star for good work/for trying hard Reorienting

That’s an interesting idea/point/opinion but …. Yes, but don’t you think that …. Could it be that ….? I think you ought to think about/consider/take into account …. Why don’t you think about ….? Suggesting

Why don’t you + verb What about + …ing It’s a good idea to + verb. It might be a good idea to + verb I suggest +...ing 12

It’s important to + verb. It’s important not to + verb. You should/shouldn’t + verb. Finishing the lesson or activity

You’ve got 5 minutes left. Sorry, you’ll have to stop now. We’ve got no time left. That was quick! Right, that’s enough for now/today. We’ll continue next lesson. Right, time’s up. Finish now, please. We’ve got to stop now. The lesson’s over. (Can you) put away your books/the equipment, please. Homework

OK, for next day, I’d like you to finish the exercise/do the task on page 18/do this worksheet/find out about …. You can finish off at home. The project is for next week. You can hand it in on Monday. You’ve got a week to do it but it must be in by Wednesday. Right, no homework today! You’ve had plenty of time! It wasn’t enough time.

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