Silicone Lubricants The name "silicones" has been broadly applied to several diferent base uids, and they are available in a wide range o viscosities. The main advantage over petroleum oils comes rom the ormulations that provide very high viscosity index usually in the ! to # range$, high resistance to oxidation, and very low l ow volatility. volatility. %olysul&de additives have greatly improved the load'carrying capacity and antiwear properties o silicone lubricants. Silicone oils have little efect on most rubbers, but this is not the case with other oils. Systems previously lubricated with other oils should be cleaned and ushed. Silicone oils are used in high temperature, high pressure hydraulic systems, air compressors, and gear boxes. boxes. The cost o these oils is competitive with other synthetic oils. %olyglycol Lubricants (xamples o polyglycol lubricants are the glycols, polyethers, and polyal)ylene glycols. These are the least expensive o the synthetics. They have excellent viscosity'temperature characteristics, have a low volatility comparable with silicones, and have a good lubricating *uality. *uality. They are also compatible with other synthetic lubricants, and they readily accept additives or urther improvement o their properties. %olyglycols are not compatible with petroleum oils and are not acceptable or governor use in that they attac) paint and other non'metallic materials, although they have little efect on rubber. rubber. Synthesi+ed ydrocarbons Synthesi+ed hydrocarbons are high perormance oils that are made rom a petroleum'derived raw material and not rom the re&ning o petroleum. Several types o synthesi+ed hydrocarbons S-$ are now available. S- oils are compatible with petroleum oils and the systems or which petroleum oils are designed. These oils do not deteriorate rapidly at high temperatures and do not congeal readily at low temperatures. S- base uids are ree o aromatics, sulur, and wax normally present in conventional mineral oils. rganic (sters rganic esters are ormed by reacting o al cohol and certain types o acids. The two categories o esters used mostly or synthetic oils are dibasic acid ester and polyol esters. -haracteristics o organic esters are much the same as the synthesi+ed hydrocarbons.
Viscosity ISO Grade
Equivalent SAE Grade
Centistokes
Density
10-6 reyns (lb s/in 2 )
40 oC
100 oC
104 oF
212 oF
kg/m3
lb/in3
32
10W
32
5.4
4
0.6
857
0.0310
46
20
46
6.8
5.7
0.8
861
0.0311
68
20W
68
8.7
8.5
1.1
865
0.0313
100
30
100
11.4
12.6
1.4
869
0.0314
150
40
150
15
19
1.8
872
0.0315
220
50
220
19.4
27.7
2.4
875
0.0316
hydraulic fluid provide various grades of detergents and oxidation stability in the fluids they produce, the single factor that should weight the heaviest in determining the best choice of fluid to use is viscosity, otherwise known as the fluid's weight. Viscosity is
also most often expressed as the fluids ISO number or grade . Common IS grades for use with hydraulic systems include !", #$ and $%. Sometimes, &, or & weight is mentioned as well. I would like to point out that for basic operation of any hydraulic system without concern to long(term effects of the systems life, &)(# automotive engine may be used, providing it does not contain degertant additives, and these additives used in engine oil can cause corrosion and cavitation. *his occurs because the detergents can cause water that has condensed into the system to emulsify, preventing it from being seperated from th e oil. It is recommended however, that a proper hydraulic fluid be used, and chosen based on its IS grade. *hese fluids do not contain harmful additives that can cause damage to components, and are designed to work within a specific temperature range. +igher viscosity hydraulic fluid tend to reduce the system's operating temperature by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump. If the viscosity is too high, however, will cause poor mechanical effieciency by increased friction during startup, and may lead to cavitation. inding the right IS grade that balances the benefits of volumetric effeciency against the drawbacks of mechanical efficiency is the key to a good long term oil choice. -ltimatly the manufacturer of the euipment knows this value and is always best to consult the manufacturer to try to obtain the answer. )hen it is not possible to do this, the age of the machinery may be taken into consideration, as the effects of heat and friction may affect the decision process. *he following charts, provided by /aul 0ichael, luid /ower Institute1 Steven +er2og, 3ohmax il 4dditives1 *helma 0arougy, 5aton +ydraulics perations, 67etermining
Figure 1. Effect on viscosity upon the volumetric and mechanical efficiency of hydraulic pumps
Figure 2. Temperature Operating Windo for 1! to "#$ mm2%s &cSt'( 1$$ )I *ydraulic Fluid
Figure !. Figure !. Temperature Operating Windo for *ydraulic System Operating at +,-F to 1,$-F
*FI supplies hydraulic fluid three ays( ,, gallon drum( , gallon pail( and by/the/gallon for al0 in sales provided the customers supplies a container for the oil. The ISO eights e carry are ISO !2
ISO +# ISO #" *ydraulic Fluid ross 3eference hart *he following chart may be used to cross over some of the more common brands of hydraulic fluid.
HFI Hydraulic -150
Conoco Super Hydraulic MV 32 SAE5W2 0
Hydraulic -150
Super Hydraulic 32 SAE10W SO 32
Hydraulic -150
Ec+erra 32 SAE10 SO 32 Super Hydraulic 46 SAE10W SO46
Hydraulic -200
Mobil Hydrailic Oil 13 !E 12M !E 13M !E23 Hydrailic AW32 Hydrauli c Oil i/ !E 24 E!)A 24
Shell !ellu" ! 32
Chevron AW Hydrauli c H 32
AW Hydrauli c 32 !ellu" 25 !ellu" 32 !ellu" 927 !ellu" lu" 22
!E Ecel 32
!ellu" S 32
AW Hydrauli c Oil 32 AW Maci&e Oil 32 *y+& Oil AW 32 *y+& Oil 32 lariy Hydrauli c AW 32
!E 25 E!)A 25 Hydrauli c Oil AW 46 Hydrauli c Oil Mediu# Hydre AW 46 )S 46 Vacre 46
AW Hydrauli c 46 M Hydrauli c Oil AW 46 !ellu" 29 !ellu" 46 !ellu" 929 !ellu" lu" 46
Exxon Hu#$le Hydrauli c 1193 %&i'i" (26 %&i'i" ) 32 Hu#$le Hydrauli c 1193 Hu#$le Hydrauli c H32 Hu#$le Hydrauli c H34 )u+ H44 !erra"ic E 32
AW Hu#$le Hydrauli Hydrauli c Oil 46 c 1194 AW Hu#$le Maci&e Hydrauli Oil 46 c H46 E Hu#$le &du"rial Hydrauli Oil 46 c M46 E )u+ Maci&e H46 Oil 11 )u+ Hydrauli H48 c Oil 46
exaco *a&d+ H, 32
*a&d+ H 32
*a&d+ H A"le" " *a&d+ H 46
Hydraulic -300
Super Hydraulic 68 SAE20W SO68
Hydrauli c Oil 68 Hydrauli c Oil Hea'y !E 26 E!)A 26
AW Hydrauli c 68 !ellu" 33 !ellu" 68 !ellu" 933 !ellu" lu" 68
*y+& Oil AW 46 AW Hydrauli c Oil 68 AW Maci&e Oil 68 E Maci&e Oil 68 E Maci&e Oil 70
Hu#$le Hydrauli c 1197 Hu#$le Hydrauli c H68 )u+ H54 )u+ H68
*a&d+ H 68
*he following chart may be used to help determine the proper IS grade hydraulic fluid to use with your system by referencing the manufacturer and model pump used in your euipment or fluid powered system. In the chart below, the IS grade 8!", #$, $%9 fluid to be used should fall within the range of the optimum cSt listed in the right(hand column.
Manu!acturer
Equi"#ent
+"c +"c
A*A:. ;;-6SV-10 15 20 25 VV 16 25 32. SV-40 80 <100 VV 45 63. *adial i"+& =SEO> Aial < *: i"+& *+ller a&d Slee'e eari&/ ?ear u#p". All i"+& u#p" Va&e u#p" 4200 Serie"
+"c +"c +"c +##ercial &erec a&@+"" e&i"+& e&i"+& y&e*i'e aial pi"+& pu#p" y&e*i'e aial pi"+& pu#p" y&e*i'e aial pi"+& pu#p"
Min cSt 15 21
Max cSt 216 216
O"ti#u# cSt 26 - 45 32 - 54
32 10 14 10
216 65 450 -
43 - 64 21 - 54 32 - 65 20
10 13 10 1.5
107 372
21 - 39 24 - 31 30 20 B 70
20068 V4000 a&d V6000 "erie".
2.3
413
20 B 70
10002000 a&d 3000 "erie".
3.5
342
20 B 70
Ea+&
Ea+& Ea+& Ea+& - Vicer" Ea+& - Vicer" Ea+& - Vicer" Ea+& - Vicer" Ea+& - ary&& Ea+& - ary&& Halde ar&e" :aCa"ai -969-0026 :aCa"ai -969-0190 i&de Ma&&e"#a&& *er+ Ma&&e"#a&& *er+ Ma&&e"#a&& *er+ arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& arer Ha&&i@i& +clai& Hydraulic" SauerSu&d"ra&d %SA Sauer-
Hea'y uy i"+& u#p" a&d M++r" Mediu# uy i"+& u#p" a&d M++r" ar/ed Sy"e#" i/ uy u#p". Mediu# uy i"+& u#p" a&d M++r" - )+&-car/ed Sy"e#". ?ear u#p" M++r" a&d yli&der". M+$ile i"+& u#p" &du"rial i"+& u#p" M+$ile Va&e u#p" &du"rial Va&e u#p" ( * a&d S Serie" M++r" a&d i"c Val'e M++r" A Serie" a&d H Serie" M++r"
6
-
10 B 39
6
-
10 B 39
6
-
10 B 43
10 13 9 13 13
200 54 54 54 -
16 - 40 16 - 40 16 - 40 16 - 40 20 - 43
20
-
20 - 43
W Serie" ?ear u#p" Sa@@a *adial i"+& M++r"
11 25
150
21 50
:3V? Aial i"+& u#p"
10
200
-
All V3 V4 V5 V7 u#p"
10 25
80 -
15 - 30 25 - 160
V2 u#p"
16
160
25 - 160
?2 ?3?4 pu#p" < #++r" ?8 ?9 ?10 pu#p" ?er++r M++r" ?ear u#p" ?H Serie". ?ear u#p" HM Serie" Hydraulic Seeri&/ VH V 'a&e pu#p" Serie" !1 V*2 Serie" +C Speed Hi/ !+rDue M++r" Varia$le V+l i"+& u#p". V < VA Aial ied i"+& u#p" Varia$le V+l Va&e - VV H a&d S "erie" #++r"
10
300
25 - 160
8 -
-
12 - 60 17 - 180
8 10 13 10 -
-
12 - 60 17 - 180 10 - 400 17 - 180
9
-
12 - 100 16 - 110 20 - 100
All
6.4
-
13
Serie" 10 a&d 20
7
-
12 - 60
Su&d"ra&d ?#$H SauerSu&d"ra&d ?#$H SauerSu&d"ra&d ?#$H SauerSu&d"ra&d ?#$H SauerSu&d"ra&d ?#$H SauerSu&d"ra&d ?#$H
*M=ydr+"aic #++r> Serie" 15 +pe& circui
12
-
12 - 60
Serie" 40 42 51 < 90 W S-8 ydr+"aic #++r
7
-
12 - 60
Serie" 45
9
-
12 - 60
Serie" 60 M=ydr+"aic #++r>
9
-
12 - 60
?ear u#p" M++r"
10
-
12 - 60
