Upakari's Spoken English Book

eTT+<äTe÷≥ Ç+^¢wüß˝À u≤>± e÷{≤¢&Ü\+fÒ....

1. ‘√{Ïyê]‘√ kÕ<Ûä´yÓTÆq+‘· es¡≈£î Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&Ü*. 2. ãdüT‡˝À¢, ¬s’fi¯fl˝À¢ Á|üj·÷DÏ+#˚≥|ü&ÉT düVü≤ Á|üj·÷D°≈£î\T e÷{≤¢&ÉT≈£îH˚ e÷≥\qT eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ M˝…q’ ìï yêø±´\qT Ç+^¢wßü ˝ÀøÏ ‘·sT¡ e® ÷ #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ Á|üj·T‹ï+#ê*. 3. ‘Ó\T>∑T dæìe÷qT dæìe÷ Vü‰\T˝À ˝Ò<ë {Ï$˝À #·÷düTÔqï|ü&ÉT nø£ÿ&É e#˚à &Ó’˝≤>∑T\qT Ç+^¢wüß˝ÀøÏ eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ e÷sêÃ*. 4. düu\ÑÛ T, düe÷y˚XÊ\T, MT{Ï+>∑T\T eT]j·TT >∑T+|ü⁄\T>± #˚] »Hê\T e÷{≤¢&˚ dü+<äsꓤ\˝À }]øÏH˚ ≈£Ls√Ãø£ kÕ<Ûä´yÓTÆqìï ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ e÷≥\qT Ç+^¢wt˝ÀìøÏ e÷s¡Ã+&ç. 5. Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ dü+<äsꓤ\˝À e#˚à dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ˇø£ ù||üsY MT<ä ÁyêdüTø=ì me¬s’Hê Ç+^¢wt {°#·s¡TqT ˝Ò<ë Ç+^¢wt u≤>± e∫Ãq ùdïVæ≤‘·Tì n&ç¬>’Hê dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ìeè‹Ô #˚düTø√yê*. 6. #·+<äe÷eT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\qT (Ç+^¢wüß   ‘Ó\T>∑T) ø=ì yÓTT<ä≥>± ‘Ó\T>∑T #·+<äe÷eT˝À ˇø£ ø£<∏ä #·~$ Ä ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Ç+^¢wt #·+<äe÷eT˝À Ä ø£<∏äqT #·<äyê*. Ç˝≤ s√p ˇø£ ø£<∏äqT #·<äe&É+ <ë«sê Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY edüTÔ+~. 7. k˛Œ¬øHé Ç+^¢wt H˚sT¡ Ã≈£îH˚≥|ü&ÉT ÁbÕs¡+uÛ+Ñ ˝ÀH˚ Á>±eTsY |ü⁄düøÔ ±\T #·±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ >∑Ts¡TÔ ‘Ó#·TÃø√e<äT›. s¡ø£s¡ø±\ Ä+>∑¢ yêø±´\qT ‘Ó\T>∑T nsêú\‘√ düV‰ü e÷{≤¢&&É eÉ TT nuÛ´Ñ dæ+#·+&ç. MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&˚ düeTj·T+˝À Á>±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ ‘Ó#·TÃø=ì e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·Tqï+‘· es¡≈£î MT≈£î Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&É+sê<äT. >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç. 8. Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT $q&É+ MT<ä <äèwæºì πø+ÁBø£]+#·+&ç. i

9. Ç+{À¢ ñqï 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹>±˙ Äô|’ ‘·s¡>∑‹ #·~y˚ MT |æ\¢\‘√ eT]j·TT Á|üø£ Ç+{Ïyê] |æ\¢\‘√ Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&É&É+ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·+&ç. 10. Á|ü‹ s√p any english paper #·<äe+&ç. Á|ü‹ s√p <ëì˝Àì MT≈£î ‘Ó*j·Tì 10 Ç+^¢wt |ü<ë\qT ÁyêdüTø=ì &çø£åqØ <ë«sê yê{Ï nsêú\T ‘Ó\TdüTø√+&ç. y=ø±ãT\Ø ô|s¡T>∑T‘·T+~. 11. Ç+^¢wt˝À Áyêùd≥|ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#·&ÜìøÏ ‘·–q düeTj·T+ ñ+≥T+~. ø±˙ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&≥˚ |ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#˚ e´e~Û ñ+&ɱ e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT, nuÛÑ´dæ+#·&É+ #˚‘·H˚ eTq+ yÓ+≥H˚ e÷{≤¢&É>∑\eTT. 12. H√s¡T ‘Ós¡∫ ‘·b˛Œ, ˇb˛Œ @<√ ˇø£{Ï Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+&Ü*. H√s¡T ‘Ós¡∫ e÷{≤¢&É≈£î+&Ü ñ+&çq+‘·es¡≈£î MT≈£î m+‘· Á>±eTsY e∫ÃHê, Ç+^¢wt &çø£åqØ n+‘ê ø£+sƒ¡düúyÓTÆHê ˇø£ÿ yêø£´+ ≈£L&Ü Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&É˝Òs¡T. ø±˙ MT m<äT≥ ñqï yês¡T e÷{≤¢&˚ Á|ü‹ e÷{≤ MT≈£î #·øÿ£ >± ns¡eú TÚ‘·T+~. ø±˙ MTs¡T e÷Á‘·+ ‹]– Ç+^¢w˝t À e÷{≤¢&˝É sÒ T¡ . øπ e\+ e÷{≤¢&˚ nuÛ≤´dü+ #˚j·Tø£b˛e&É+ e\¢H˚. ø±ã{Ϻ H√s¡T $bÕŒ*‡+<˚. 13. ø=+‘·eT+~øÏ ùdºCŸ |òæj·TsY ñ+≥T+~. Çø£ÿ&É ˇø£ÿ $wüj·T+ >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç. eTq≈£î ‘Ó*dæq+‘·˝À Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+fÒ n+<äs¡÷ yÓT#·TÃ≈£î+{≤s¡T. eTq >∑T]+∫ >=|üŒ>± }Væ≤+#·Tø=+{≤s¡T. ‘·|ü\T <=]¢Hê mes¡÷ |ü{Ϻ+#·Tø√s¡T. eTq+ #Óù|Œ y˚T≥sY MT<˚ m<äT{Ïyê] <äèwæº n+‘ê ñ+≥T+~. ‘·|ü>± e÷{≤¢&çHê m>∑‘ê[ #˚j·T&É+, qe«&É+, ø±yÓT+{Ÿ #˚j·T&É+ mes¡÷ #˚j·Ts¡T. ô|’>± eTqMT<ä n_Ûe÷q+ ñqïyês¡T eTq+ e÷{≤¢&çq ‘·s¡Tyê‘· eTq+ #˚dæq ‘·|ü\qT mes¡÷˝Òì düeTj·T+˝À ‘Ó*j·TCÒdæ eTq*ï Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤kÕÔs¡T. 14. ôVA©ô|òsTT‘Y yê]$ 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹ qT+&ç 7e ‘·s¡>∑‹ es¡≈£î >∑\ Ç+^¢wt bÕsƒ¡´|ü⁄düÔø±\qT ø=ì #·~$‘˚ #·ø£ÿ>± Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY edüTÔ+~. ii

eTTK´ dü÷#·q kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± dü+uÛ≤wüD eTq #·T≥÷º, eTq #·T≥TºÁ|üø£ÿ\ e⁄qïyê]‘√ #˚düTÔ+{≤eTT. Ä #·T≥TºÁ|üø£ÿ\yês¡T eTq‘√ ø£\T|ü⁄ø=ì 10 eT+~ ñHêïs¡T. M]˝À ãVüQe#·qeTTq≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ 5 eT+~, @ø£e#·qeTTq≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ 5 eT+~ ñHêïs¡T. Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìï á 10 eT+~ m˝≤ #ÓãT‘ês¡T nì eTq+ ‘Ó\TdüTø=ì n˝≤π> eTq+ nuÛÑ´dæùdÔ n|ü&ÉT Ç+^¢wüß˝À nqs¡Zfi¯+>± e÷{≤¢&É>∑\eTT. Ç+^¢wüß nø£åsê\T sêì e´øÏÔ ≈£L&Ü Ç+^¢wüß nø£åsê\‘√ #·<äe&É+ yÓTT<ä\Tô|{Ϻ πøe\+ 40 s√E˝À¢ u≤>± Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&ÜìøÏ ø±e\dæq nuÛ≤´düeTT\T, |ü<ë\T, yêø±´\ s¡÷|ü+˝À 40 s√E\bÕ≥T s√p #·± ÁbÕ<∏$ä Tø£ kÕúsTT. Çø£ÿ&É Ä &˚ Hê&ÉT Çe«ã&çq bÕsƒ¡+˝Àì yêø±´\qT Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #ÓãT‘·÷ ñ+&Ü*. Ç˝≤ ô|’øÏ Ç+^¢wüß yêø±´\qT #Ó|üŒ&É+ e\q eTq˝À ñ qï Ç+^¢wt n+fÒ uÛj Ñ T· + b˛‘·T+~. Ç+^¢wßü #ê˝≤ dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ, düT\uÛ+Ñ >± edüT+Ô ~ nH˚ <ÛÓ’s¡´+ eTq˝À ≈£\T>∑T‘·T+~. eTq˝Àì ùdºCŸ |òæj·TsY b˛‘·T+~. eTq*ï #·÷dæ Ç‘·s¡T\T qe⁄«‘ês¡H˚ |ò”*+>¥ b˛‘·T+~. ø±ã{Ϻ ô|’øÏ Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT #Ó|üŒ+&ç. n˝≤ &˚`1 qT+&ç &˚`17 es¡≈£î ñqï bÕsƒê\T 17 s√E\bÕ≥T #·<äyê*. iii

‘·s¡Tyê‘· &˚`18 qT+&ç &˚`37es¡≈£î ñqï bÕsƒê\T ù|òdt`2. nq>± e÷<Ûä´$Tø£ kÕúsTT. Á|ü‹s√p 90 ì$TcÕ\T πø{≤sTT+#ê*. n|ü&˚ Ä s√Eq ñqï 40 yêø±´\e˝Ò 100 esY“‡ ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 40I100R4000 yêø±´\qT Á|ü‹s√p 20 s√E\bÕ≥T ô|’øÏ >∑&É>∑&Ü #ÓbÕŒ*. n˝≤ #Ó_‘˚H˚ eTq+ ‘Ó\T>∑T e÷{≤¢&çq+‘· düT\uÛÑ+>± @ dü+<äs¡“¤+˝ÀHÓ’Hêdüπs, me]‘√HÓ’Hê düπs, mø£ÿ&Ó’Hê düπs <Ûësêfi¯+>± Ç+^¢wüß˝À ‘·&Éu≤≥T ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü e÷{≤¢&É>∑\eTT. Á|ü‹s√p 90 ì$TcÕ\T πø{≤sTT+#·≥+ M\T|ü&Éìyês¡T ø£˙dü+ 20 esY“‡‘√ 40 yêø±´\e˝… Ç‘·s¡ yêø±´\qT #Ó|üŒ+&ç. á |ü⁄düÔø£+˝À bÕsYº`2 nH˚ uÛ≤>∑+ ñqï~. Bì˝À eTq+ s√Eyê] e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ ø±e\dæq esY“‡, n&éesY“‡, n&Ó®øϺyé‡, Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ Çe«ã&çq$. Çe˙ï 56 ù|J\THêïsTT. á 56 ù|J\qìï+{Ïì Á|ü‹s√p ˇø£kÕ] eTqdüT˝ÀH˚ #·<äyê*. n˝≤ 40 s√E\bÕ≥T #·<äyê*. n˝≤#˚ùdÔH˚ Ä 40 s√E˝À¢ nø£ÿ&É ñ qï y=ø±ãT\Ø n+‘ê eTq≈£î ‘Ó*j·T≈£î+&ÜH˚ ø£+sƒ¡düú+ nsTTb˛‘·T+~. ‘·<ë«sê eTq+ $_Ûqï dü+<äsꓤ\˝À e÷{≤¢&≥˚ |ü&ÉT á |ü<ë\T u≤>± ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ‘É êsTT. ø±ã{Ϻ dü+øÏ|å +Ôü >± Ç+^¢wßü ˝À ‘Ó\T>∑Te˝… nqs¡fiZ +¯ >± e÷{≤¢&Ü\qT≈£îH˚yês¡T á |ü⁄düÔø£+˝ÀH˚ &˚`1 qT+&ç &˚`17 es¡≈£î ñqï bÕsƒê\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìï ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ #=|üq ô|’øÏ |ü\ø±*. eT]j·TT &˚`18 qT+&ç &˚`37 es¡≈£î ñqï bÕsƒê\˝Àì yêø±´\qT 100 esY“‡ ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô ô|’øÏ #ÓbÕŒ*. Á|ü‹s√p 30 ì$TcÕ\bÕ≥T bÕsYº`2˝Àì y=ø±ãT\Ø n+‘ê |üP]Ô>± #·<äTe⁄‘·÷ ñ+&Ü*. Ç˝≤ Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T Á|ü‹s√p ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ düeTj·T+ 40 s√E\bÕ≥T πø{≤sTT+∫q|ü&˚ Ç+^¢wüß˝À nqs¡Zfi¯+>± e÷{≤¢&É≥+ M\e⁄‘·T+~. düπs«»Hê' düTœH√uÛÑe+‘·T `s¡#·sTT‘· iv

INDEX

PART-1 Sentences for practice Sl.No

Content

Page No.

Sl.No

Content

Page No.

1.

Day-1

1

21.

Day-21

102

2.

Day-2

7

22.

Day-22

104

3.

Day-3

16

23.

Day-23

106

4.

Day-4

19

24.

Day-24

108

5.

Day-5

29

25.

Day-25

110

6.

Day-6

32

26.

Day-26

112

7.

Day-7

35

27.

Day-27

116

8.

Day-8

38

28.

Day-28

120

9.

Day-9

43

29.

Day-29

124

10.

Day-10

47

30.

Day-30

128

11.

Day-11

52

31.

Day-31

132

12.

Day-12

54

32.

Day-32

136

13.

Day-13

56

33.

Day-33

138

14.

Day-14

64

34.

Day-34

140

15.

Day-15

67

35.

Day-35

144

16.

Day-16

72

36.

Day-36

146

17.

Day-17

82

37.

Day-37

149

18.

Day-18

93

38.

Day-38

154

19.

Day-19

97

39.

Day-39

157

20.

Day-20

101

40.

Day-40

160

PART-2 Vocabulary for daily reading Sl.No

Content

Page No.

Sl.No

Content

Page No.

41.

Table-1

169

51.

Adjectives

194

42.

Table-2

171

52.

Verbal Prepositions

199

43.

Table-3

173

53.

Noun Prepositions

203

44.

Table of Personal Pronouns

175

54.

Singular & Plural forms 212

45.

Have table

176

55.

Contractions

214

46.

Indefinite Tense

177

56.

Adverbs

217

47.

Continuous Tense

178

57.

223

48.

Perfect Tense

179

Singular & Plural Numbers

49.

Degrees of Comparison

180

58.

Active & Passive Voice 230 (Shortcuts)

50.

A few important verbs

182

59.

Be Table

231

DAY-1

Ä+>∑¢ es¡íe÷\ Ä+>∑¢ uÛ≤wü≈£î nø£ås¡eTT\T 26

ENGLISH ALPHABET -

CAPITAL LETTERS -

ô|<ä› nø£ås¡eTT\T

A

B

C

D

E

F

m

_

dæ

&ç

Ç

m|òt õ

ôV≤#Y ◊

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

C…

ø¬

m˝Ÿ myéT mHé z

|æ

≈£L´ ÄsY

S

T

U

Y

Z

mdt {Ï

V

j·TT $

W

X

G

&ÉãT¢´ mø˘‡ yÓ’

H

I

R

»&é

Áyê‘· nø£ås¡eTT\T a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

1

Vowels (n#·TÃ\T) 5 - a, e, i, o, u Consonants (Vü≤\T¢\T) - 21 B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Pronunciation of letters - nø£ås¡eTT\

ñ#êäs¡D

¬s+&ÉT nø£åsê\T ø£*dæq|ü⁄&ÉT @ $<Ûä+>± ñ#êäs¡D ñ+≥T+~. B C D F G H J K L M N P

ã, u≤ ca = ø£, ø± da = &É, &Ü, <ä, <ë fa = |òü, bòÕ ga = >∑, >± ha = Vü≤, Vü‰ ja = », C≤ ka = ø£, ø± la = \, ˝≤ ma = eT, e÷ na = q, Hê pa = |ü, bÕ ba =

u…/_ bi = _ ce = ôd ci = dæ de = &Ó,<Ó/&çdi = &ç, ~ fe = ô|ò fi = |òæ ge = ¬>, C… gi = –, õ he = ôV≤/Væ≤hi = Væ≤ je = C… ji = õ ke = ø¬ ki = øÏ le = ˝… li = * me = yÓT mi = $T ne = HÓ/ì ni = ì pe = ô|/|æ pi = |æ be =

2

R

s¡, sê sa = dü, kÕ ta = ≥, ‘·, ‘ê, {≤ va = e, yê wa = e, yê ya = j·T, j·÷ za = », C≤ ra =

S T V W Y Z

O

¬s/] ri = ] se = ôd/dæ si = dæ te = f…/{Ï ti = {Ï ve = yÓ vi = $ we = yÓ/$ wi = $ ye = jÓT yi = sTT/sT÷ ze = C…, J zi = õ re =

OO

B

bo = u§

boo = ãT,

C

co =ø=

coo = ≈£L

D

do =&=,

F

fo =bò˛

G

go =>=,

H

ho =ôVA 3

&√ >√

U

ã÷

bu = ãT, cu=ø£,

ã

≈£î, ≈£L´

doo = &É÷,

&√

du = &ÉT,

foo = |òüP,

|òüP

fu = |òü⁄´

goo = >∑÷,

>∑T

gu = >∑T,

<äT >∑

hoo = VüQ,VüA hu= VüQ,VüA,Vü≤

J

jo =C§,

CÀ

joo = p

ju = E,

p, »

K

ko = ø=,

ø√

koo = ≈£L

ku = ø£,

≈£L

L

lo =˝§,

˝À

loo = \÷

lu = \T,

\÷, \

M

mo = yÓTT,

moo = eT÷

mu=eTT,eT÷,eT

N

no = H=,

H√

noo = q÷,

P

po = bı,

b˛

poo = |üP/|ü⁄n pu = |ü⁄/|ü

R

ro =s=,

S

so =kı

soo = düT,

T

to ={§

V

vo =y√,

yÓ÷

s√

roo = s¡÷

z

W wo = z Y

yo = jÓ÷,

Z

zo =CÀ,

qT

jÓTT

C§

nu = qT,q÷,q

ru = s¡T,

s¡÷, s¡

dü÷

su = düT,

dü÷, dü

too = ≥÷,

≥T

tu = ≥T,

≥÷, ≥

voo = eP,

}

vu = e⁄,

}, ñ

woo = }

wu = ñ

yoo = j·T÷

yu = j·TT

zoo =

p

zu = E

4

5

gge = ¬>Z

gga = >∑Z

ggi = –Z

ppi = |æŒ

ppe = ô|Œ

ppa = |üŒ

ggo = >=Z

ppo = bıŒ

ddi = &ç¶, ~› ddo = &=¶, <=›

bbo = uÀ“

= <∏=, <√

= <∏ä÷

= s¡a

= <äT,<∏äT,<ä bbu = ãT“

thu

shu = wüß, wü

jhu

chu = #·T, #·

khu = KT

ghu = |òüTT

phu = |ü⁄

dhu = <ÛäT, &ÛÉT

bhu = uÛÑT

ggoo = >∑÷Z

ppoo = |üPŒ

ggu = >∑TZ

ppu = |ü

ddoo = <ä÷›, &É÷¶ ddu = <äT›, &ÉT¶

bboo = ã÷“

thoo

shoo = wüO

= s¡a≤

choo = #·÷

khoo = K÷

ghoo = |òüT÷

phoo = |òPü

dhoo = <Ûä÷

bhoo = uÛÑ÷

= πsa, C≤ jhoo

sho = c˛

jho

= ~∏, ~ tho

bbi = _“

= <∏˚, <˚, ~ thi

bbe = u…“

= ]a

shi = wæ

jhi

chi = ∫, øÏ cho = #=, ø=

kho = U§

gho = |òTü À

dda = &ɶ, <ä› dde = &Ó¶, <Ó›

bba = ã“

tha

= <∏ä, <ä the

she

sha = wü

= ôw

= ¬sa

jhe

= s¡a

jha

= #Ó, ¬ø

cha = #·, ø£ che

khi = œ

= U…

kha = K

khe

ghi = |òæT

ghe = ô|òT

gha = |òüT

pho = bòı

phi = |òæ

bho = uÛ§

pha = |òü, bòÕ phe = ô|ò

bhi = _Û dhi = ~Û, &ç dho = <Û=, &=

bhe = uÛ…

dha = &ÛÉ, <Ûä dhe = <ÛÓ

bha = uÛÑ

e‘·TÔ nø£ås¡eTT\T @s¡Œ&ÉT $<ÛëqeTT

6

= Áu§

= Áf…

= bÕ´

sse

tte

tsa

bro

= dü‡

= ≥º

= Åf…Æ, Á{Ï tre

= ‘·´

tta

gna = >∑ï

= ãT¢

ssa

blu

tri

tya

pya

= Á¬s

rre

= Ás¡

rra

= ‘·‡

= f…º

= ôd‡

nne = HÓï

= ˝…¢

nna = qï

lle

= \¢

lla

= ¬øÿ

mme = yÓTà

kke

= ø£ÿ

kka

= C…®

mma = eTà

jje

= »®

jja

= õ®

= *¢

= Á]

= ˝À¢

= ø√ÿ

= CÀ®

tto

sso

rro

= {˼

= k˛‡

= Ás√

nno = HÕ

mmo = yÓ÷à

llo

kko

jjo

rya = s¡´

prer = Áô|

gra = Á>±

jya

tra

vya

kri

= »´

= Á≥

= yê´

= ÁøÏ

e‘·TÔ nø£ås¡eTT\T

= {Ϻ

pra = Á|ü

tti

ssi = dæ‡

rri

nni = ìï

mmi = $Tà

lli

kki = øÏÿ

jji

= p®

= \÷¢

= Ás¡÷

jra

dra

gree

mna

ttoo

= Á»

= Á<ä, Á&É

= Á^

= eTï

= ≥÷º

ssoo = dü÷‡

rroo

nnoo = q֕

mmoo = eTֈ

lloo

kkoo = ≈£Lÿ

jjoo

= \T¢

= ≈£îÿ

= E®

= >=¢

= ≥Tº

= düT‡

= Ás¡T

nya

= q´

free = Á|òæ

glo

ttu

ssu

rru

nnu = qTï

mmu = eTTà

llu

kku

jju

DAY-2 Gneral Converstation - ÄVü‰«q

|æ\T|ü⁄\T

Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. Will you come in?

˝À|ü*øÏ ekÕÔsê? 2. Please come in.

<äjT· #˚dæ ˝À|ü*øÏ s¡+&ç. 3. Please stay with us.

<äjT· #˚dæ e÷‘√ ñ+&É+&ç. 4. Would you like to come in now?

Ç|ü&ÉT ekÕÔsê? 5. Please spend some time with us.

<äjT· #˚dæ ø=+#ÓeTT ùd|ü⁄ e÷‘√ >∑&|É +ü &ç. 6. Pass the salt, will you? / Can you?

ø=+#Ó+ Ä ñ|ü Ç˝≤ n+~+#·+&ç. 7. Let us go!

b˛<ë+ |ü<+ä &ç. 8. Kindly pay a call on us.

<äjT· #˚dæ ˇø£kÕ] s¡+&ç. 9. Please make a call.

<äjT· #˚dæ bò˛Hé #˚jT· +&ç. 10. Treat this house as your own, feel free.

á Ç+{Ïì MT kı+‘· Ç\T¢e˝… nqTø√+&ç, yÓTTVü≤e÷≥ |ü&eÉ <äT.› 7

11. You’re welcome.

kÕ«>∑‘+· 12. Drop by any time.

MT Çwü+º , m|ü&ÓH’ ê s¡+&ç. 13. Will you have some coffee?

MTs¡T ø±|ò” rdüT≈£î+{≤sê? 14. Please pass it on.

ø=+#Ó+ <ëìï n+~e«+&ç. 15. Please feel free to come whenever you like.

sêyê\ì|æ+∫q|ü&É˝≤¢ s¡+&ç. yÓTTVü≤e÷≥|ü&eÉ <äT.›

ô|’ yê{ÏøÏ düsπ qì #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ á ÁøÏ+<ä $<Û+ä >± düe÷<ÛëHê\T ñ+{≤sTT. 'Yes' Answers 1. It’s my duty to attend the party.

bÕغøÏ sêe&É+ Hê <Ûsä à¡ +. 2. I am obliged for your invitation.

MTs¡T |æ\e&É+ Hê≈£î dü+‘√wü+>± ñ+~. 3. I’ll be glad to visit you.

dü+‘√wü+. ekÕÔqT. 4. With pleasure.

n+‘·ø+£ fÒHê? 5. It’s kind of you.

MT eTqdüT eT+∫~. 6. I shall make it, if my mother’s health permits.

e÷ neTà>±] Äs√>∑´+ u≤>∑T+fÒ ‘·|Œü ≈£î+&Ü ekÕÔqT. 8

ˇø£yfi˚ ¯ Ç‘·sT¡ \ ÄVü‰«q\qT n+^ø£]+#·øb£ ˛‘˚ á ÁøÏ+~ $<Û+ä >± düTìï‘·+>± Ç˝≤ ‹s¡dÿü ]+#·e#·TÃ. 'No' Answers 1.

I am sorry, I was out of town and couldn’t make it.

H˚qT }]˝À ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+#˚‘· sê˝Òøb£ ˛j·÷qT. 2.

I won’t be able to attend the function.

Ä |ò+ü ø£Hå øé Ï sê˝≤H˚y÷Ó . 3.

Thank you but I fear I may not come.

s¡eTàì |æ*#ês¡T, u≤>±H˚ ñ+~. ø±ì sê˝ÒHy˚ ÷Ó . 4.

Please don’t mind.

<äjT· #˚dæ @MT nqTø√e<äT.› 5.

No, thank you / No, thanks.

e<ä+› &ç. 6.

I regret my inability to accept your invitation.

MT ÄVü‰«Hêìï n+<äTø√˝Òø£ b˛‘·Tqï+<äT≈£î eTìï+#·+&ç. 7.

Excuse me! I have another engagement.

eTìï+#·+&ç. Hê≈£î y˚sπ |üì e⁄+~. 8.

Sorry for refusing your gift. Sorry for not receiving your gift.

}

MT ø±qTø£qT rdüTø√q+<äT≈£î @MT nqTø√e<äT.› GREETINGS `

|ü\ø£]+|ü⁄\T

dü÷#·q : s√E˝À yÓTT<ä{kÏ Õ] ø£\TdüTø=qï|ü&ÉT |ü>\∑ T 12 >∑+≥\˝À|ü⁄ "Good morning", 12 >∑+≥\ qT+&ç kÕj·T+Á‘·+ 6 >∑+≥\˝À|ü⁄ "good afternoon", kÕj·T+Á‘·+ 6 >∑+≥\ ‘·sT¡ yê‘· "good evening" nì |ü\ø£]+#ê*. ôd\e⁄ rdüTø=ì yÓ[flb˛j˚T≥|ü&ÉT |ü>\∑ sTT‘˚ "good day or good-bye" nì, sêÁ‘·sTT‘˚ "good night" nì #ÓbÕŒ*. 9

‘·©!¢ qeTkÕÿs¡eTT. 2. Good morning! dear son. e]∆\T¢ ≈£îe÷sê! 3. How are you? m˝≤ e⁄Hêïe⁄? 4. I am fine./I'm fine. u≤>∑THêïq+&ç. 5. Good night! mother. X¯óuÛsÑ êÁ‹, ne÷à! 6. Good night! Madam. ne÷à, MTs¡T u≤>± ìÁ<äb˛+&ç. 7. Good night! all of you! MT n+<ä]ø° X¯óuÛsÑ êÁ‹. 8. e÷eT÷\T>± ôd\e⁄ rdüTø=H˚≥|ü&ÉT Good-bye nHê*. 9. düìïVæ≤‘·T\≈£î 'Bye-bye', 'see you', 'see you later', 'see you again' nì #ÓbÕŒ*. 10. ô|’ n~Ûø±s¡T\T, ô|<äy › êfi¯fl <ä>sZ∑ q¡ T+&ç ôd\e⁄ rdüTø=H˚≥|ü&ÉT á ÁøÏ+~ $<Û+ä >± nHê*. 1. Good morning! mother.

Shall I take leave of you?/Shall I take leave?/Shall I make a move? Sir.

yÓ[flsêHê?/Çø£ H˚ ñ+{≤qT eT]. REQUESTS `

nuÛ´Ñ s¡qú \T

dü÷#·q: nuÛ´Ñ s¡qú \ dü+<äsꓤ\˝À Please, could, would, can, may, might nqT |ü<ë\qT yê&É‘ês¡T. 1. May I come here?

H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É≈î£ sêe#·TÃHê? 2. Could you show me the way to the railway station.

s¬ ˝’ «Ò ùdwº Hü ≈é î£ yÓfifl‚ <ë] #Ó|Œü >∑\sê? 3. Would you mind if I sit?

H˚qT ≈£Ls¡TÃ+fÒ @eTqTø√s¡Tø£<ë? 10

4. Please give me your pencil.

<äjT· #˚dæ MT ô|ì‡˝Ÿ Çe«+&ç. 5. Could you help me to do this work?

MTs¡T Hê≈£î á düV‰ü j·T+ #˚kÕÔsê? 6. Might I have another glass of water?

eTs√ >±¢dTü eT+∫˙s¡T Çe«>∑\sê? 7. Can I speak to him?

H˚qT n‘·ì‘√ e÷{≤¢&eÉ #·TÃHê? 8. Would you mind seeing me again in the morning?

ñ<äjT· + eT∞fl ø£\TkÕÔsê? 9. May I have your book?

H˚qT MT |ü⁄düøÔ +£ rdüTø√e#êÃ? 10. Will you please come with me?

MTs¡T Hê‘√ ekÕÔsê? 11. Will you please bring me some fruits?

Hê≈£î ø=+#Ó+ |üfió¯ fl rdüT≈£îekÕÔsê? 12. Could you help me to talk to him?

n‘·ì‘√ e÷{≤¢&&É +É ˝À Hê≈£î düV‰ü j·T+ #˚kÕÔsê? 13. Would you mind doing this?

á |üì #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ MTs¡T @$T nqTø√s¡Tø£<ë? 14. Would you mind opening the window?

øÏ{øÏ ° ‘Óse¡ &ÜìøÏ MTπsMT nqTø√s¡Tø£<ë? 11

COMPLIMENTS

X¯óuÛ≤ø±+ø£\å T dü÷#·q: mes¡Hêï $»j·T+ kÕ~Û+∫q|ü&ÉT n_Ûq+~+#˚ dü+<äsꓤ\˝À, eTTKdüT‹Ô e÷≥\T, e{Ϻ eTTK Á|”‹ e÷≥\ dü+<äsꓤ\˝ÀqT Compliments qT yê&É‘ês¡T. 1. Congrats (or) congratulations.

n_Ûq+<äq\T. 2. I congratulate him on his success.

H˚qT n‘·ì $»j·÷ìøÏ n_Ûq+~kÕÔqT. 3. I wish you good luck.

X¯óuÛ+Ñ »s¡>±*. 4. Please give my kind regards to your parents.

MT ‘·*<¢ +ä Á&ÉT\qT n&ç–q≥T¢ #Ó|Œü >∑\e⁄. 5. Give my kind remembrances to your uncle.

MT e÷eTj·T´>±]ì n&ç–q≥T¢ #Ó|Œü +&ç. 6. My compliments to your son.

MT ≈£îe÷s¡T&çøÏ Hê X¯óuÛ≤ø±+ø£\å T. 7. Many happy returns of the day.

q÷πsfi¯ófl ã‘·ø±*. CONDOLENCES

$#ês¡+, kÕqTuÛ÷Ñ ‹ dü÷#·q: mes¡Hêï eTs¡D+Ï ∫q|ü&ÉT kÕqTuÛ÷Ñ ‹ì ‘Ó*j·TCÒjT· &ÜìøÏ Condole, condolences }s¡≥ ø£*–+#·T dü+<äsꓤ\˝À console, consolation nqT |ü<ë\qT yê&É‘ês¡T. 12

1. We were stunned by the news of your mother’s sudden death. 2.

MT neTà>±] Vü≤sƒê‘Y eTs¡D+ eTeTà*ï ìX‚Ãwüß\º qT #˚d+æ ~. What a pity! m+‘· u≤<Ûëø£se¡ TT.

3. What a heart-breaking news! / How heart-breaking news!

m+‘· >∑T+&Ó |ü–˝Ò yês¡.Ô

4. How cruel!

m+‘· <ës¡TD+. (@<ÓH’ ê nqTø√ì <ës¡TD+, dü+|òTü ≥q »]–q|ü&ÉT) 5. I am sorry to hear this sad news.

Ç˝≤+{Ï <äTsê«s¡øÔ Ï Hê≈£î #ê˝≤ u≤<Û>ä ± e⁄+~. 6. What a tragedy! 7. We feel sympathy for him.

n‘·&øç Ï e÷ kÕqTuÛ÷Ñ ‹. 8. I am so sorry.

Hê≈£î #ê˝≤ u≤<Û>ä ± ñ+~. 9. I lament over the loss.

á qcÕºìøÏ Hê≈£î #ê˝≤ <äT:K+>± e⁄+~. 10. I grieved to hear this.

á yês¡Ô Hê≈£î #ê˝≤ u≤<Û>ä ± ñ+~. 11. This is a sad news./ How sad the news it is!

Ç~ #ê˝≤ $#ês¡øs£ y¡ TÓ qÆ yês¡.Ô 12. I feel so sad to listen to this.

Ç~ $ì H˚qT #ê˝≤ $#ê]+#êqT. 13

m+‘· <äTdæ‹ú .

COMMANDS

Ä»„|Pü s¡«ø£ yêø±´\T dü÷#·q: 'Imperative sentences' nq>± $<ä´s¡øú y£ TÓ qÆ yêø±´\T. á yêø±´\T ø=ìï Ä»„>± ñ+&Ée#·TÃ, ø=ìï ôV≤#·Ã]ø£ #˚ùd$>± e⁄+&Ée#·Tà eT]j·TT ø=ìï ÄeX¯´ø£yTÓ qÆ $>± e⁄+&Ée#·TÃqT eT]j·TT á ÄC≤„|Pü s¡«ø£ yêø±´\˝À eTìwæ m<äTs¡T>± ñ+{≤&ÉT ø±ã{Ϻ 'you' ì ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·sT¡ . nø£ÿ&É≈î£ yÓfió¯ fl. Go immediately. ‘=+<äs>¡ ± yÓfió¯ fl. Let me do this. á |üì qqTï #ÓjT· ´ìe⁄«. Mind your tongue. H√{Ïì n<äT|ü⁄˝À ñ+#·Tø√+&ç. Keep a close observation on her.ÄyÓTH√ ø£+≥ ø£ìô|{Ϻ e⁄+&É+&ç. Observe the programme. ø±s¡´Áø£e÷ìï >∑eTì+#·+&ç. Don’t come in. ˝ÀìøÏ sêe<äT.› Don’t do this repeatedly. eT∞fl eT∞fl #˚jT· e<äT.› Be honest. Hê´j·T+>± q&ÉT#·Tø√. Hurry up! >∑ã>∑u≤ Keep it there. nø£ÿ&É ô|≥Tº. Listen! $qT. Listen to me. H˚qT #Óù|Œ~ $qT. Speak to him. n‘·ì‘√ e÷{≤¢&TÉ . Don’t make a noise. #·|ü &ÉT #˚jT· e<äT.› Shut the door. ‘·\T|ü⁄qT eT÷j·TTeTT. Don’t bother me. qqTï $dæ–+#·≈î£ . Never let your friends down. $TÁ‘· Á<√Vü≤+ #˚jT· e<äT.›

1. Go there. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

14

19. Keep off that subject. 20. Don’t forget. 21. Stand there. 22. Let me be. 23. Look ahead. 24. Beware of dogs. 25. Vacate the place. 26. Go slowly. 27. Always speak the truth. 28. Don’t be late. 29. Don’t shout. 30. Don’t cut jokes. 31. Be on watch. 32. Be careful. 33. Follow me. 34. Get me some water. 35. Don’t sit.

Ä $wüj÷· ìï m‘=Ô∑‘.Ô· Çø£ÿ&ÉqT+&ç yÓ[flb˛ yÓT\¢>± q&Ée+&ç. m|ü&É÷ ìC≤ìï e÷Á‘·yT˚ e÷{≤¢&+É &ç. Ä\dü´+ #˚jT· ø£+&ç. ns¡e<äT.› |üsê∫ø±˝≤&Ée<äT.› C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ± e⁄+&ÉT. C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ± e⁄+&ÉT. Hê yÓ+≥sê. Hê≈£î eT+∫˙fi¯ófl Çe⁄«. ≈£Ls√Ãe<äT.›

á ÄC≤„|Pü s¡«ø£ yêø±´˝À¢H˚ ø=ìï yêø±´\T ôV≤#·Ã]ø£\T, dü\Vü‰\T, ø√]ø£\T, Äos¡«#·Hê\ e+{Ï$ ≈£L&Ü ekÕÔsTT. 1. Do your duty. ˙ |üì qTe⁄« #ÓsTT´. 2. Obey your teachers. ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T #Ó|Œæ q≥T¢ q&ÉT#·Tø√. 3. Behave well. u≤>± q&ÉT#·Tø√. 15

DAY-3 X¯óuÛ≤ø±+ø£å\T - GREETINGS

1. X¯óuÛÀ<äj·T+

-

2. X¯óuÛÑ eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+

-

3. X¯óuÛÑkÕj·T+

-

4. X¯óuÛÑsêÁ‹

-

5. eT+∫ø£\\T e#·TÃ>±ø£

-

7. yÓ[fl ekÕÔ!

-

Good Morning! Wish you a good morning! Have a good morning! Good afternoon! Wish you a good afternoon! Have a good afternoon! Good evening! Wish you a good evening! Have a good evening! Good night! Wish you a good night! Enjoy a good night! Sweet Dreams! Wish you sweet dreams! Have / Enjoy sweet dreams! Good bye! Bye! I say good bye to you! Let me leave you! Tata to you! I say ta-ta to you! Well, I must go, Good-bye! Bye-bye! I’ll see you later! See you later! See you tomorrow! See you! So long! Cheerio! Good night! 16

8. Ç≥Te+{Ï X¯óuÛÑ~Hê\T / |ü⁄{Ϻqs√E\T mìï+{ÏH√ Äq+<ä+‘√ »s¡T|ü⁄ø√yê\ì H˚qT ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Many happy returns of the day!/Your birth day! I wish you many happy returns of the day!/Your birth day! Enjoy many happy returns of the day/Your birth day!

9. ˙≈£î Ç~ dü+‘√wü Á|üj·÷D+ ø±yê\ì

ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT.

I Wish you a comfortable and safe journey! Wish you a comfortable and safe journey! Enjoy a comfortable and safe journey!

10. MT yÓ’yêVæ≤ø£ J$‘·+ Äq+<ä+‘√ e⁄+&ÉT>±ø£! Happy married life!

11. |üØø£å˝À¢ >=|üŒ |òü*‘êìï kÕ~Û+#ê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Wish you a grand success in your examinations.

12. ˙e⁄ >=|üŒ $»j·T+ kÕ~Û+#ê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Wish you a grand victory!

13. ˙ Áø=‘·Ô Ç+{À¢ ˙e⁄ dü]dü+|ü<ä\‘√ ‘·T\‘·÷>∑T>±ø£! Wish you a great prosperity in your newly built house!

14. $<˚XÊ\≈£î yÓfi‚¢ á X¯óuÛÑdüeTj·T+ ˙≈£î eT+∫ #˚j·TT>±>∑! Wish you happy times abroad!

15. sêuÀj˚T ø±\+˝À mH√ï ñqï‘· |ü<äe⁄\T ìqTï e]+#·T>±ø£ ! Wish you grand promotions in future.

16. MT $˝≤düj·÷Á‘· ñ˝≤¢dü+>± kÕ>∑Tø±ø£. Wish you a joyous picnic.

17. á yê´bÕs¡ düe÷y˚X¯+˝À eT+∫ ìs¡íj·T+ rdüTø√yê\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Wish you a nice outcome in the business conference. 17

18. ø£cÕº\qT <ë{≤\ì ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. Hope you get over your troubles!

19. nHês√>∑´+ qT+∫ ‘·«s¡>± ãj·T|ü&Ü\ì Hê ø√]ø£. Wish you a speedy recovery from illness.

20. J$‘·+˝À sêDÏ+#·T<äTe⁄>±ø£. May you prosper in life! I pray to God that you may prosper in life! Let God bless you to prosper in life!

21. u≤>± #·± Ä uÛ>Ñ e∑ +‘·T&ÉT MT |æ\y¢ êìì Äos¡«~+#ê\ì H˚qT ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïqT. I pray to God that He may bless your child with a good education! Let God bless your child with good education!

22. ø£è‘·»„‘·\T Thanks! Thank you very much! Many thanks! That’s very kind. Nice of you!

Thank you! Thanks a lot! Thanks very much! Good!

23. ô|’q #Ó|æŒ ø£è‘·»„‘·\≈£î ‹]– »yêãT #Ó|ü≥ Not at all! Welcome! That’s all right.

You’re welcome! It’s a pleasure! O.K.

18

DAY-4

ˇø£ |ü<ä yêø£´eTT\T ` One Word Sentences Imperative Mood - M{Ïì

Ä»„, ôV≤#·Ã]ø£, ÁbÕs¡úq ‘Ó\T|ü⁄≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+‘·Ts¡T.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 19

sê. b˛. ‹qT. ‘ê>∑T. ≈£Ls√Ã. ì\ã&ÉT. ìÁ<äb˛. Ä&ÉT. Hê≥´eTT#ÓsTT´. bÕ&ÉT. sêsTT. #·<äTe⁄. <ä÷≈£î. qe⁄«. @&ÉTe⁄. ns¡Te⁄. #·∫Ãb˛. y˚T˝§ÿqT. #·÷&ÉT. >∑eTì+#·T. e÷{≤¢&ÉT.

`

Come

`

Go.

`

Eat.

`

Drink.

`

Sit.

`

Stand.

`

Sleep.

`

Play.

`

Dance.

`

Sing.

`

Write.

`

Read.

`

Jump.

`

Laugh.

`

Weep.

`

Cry.

`

Die.

`

Awake.

`

See.

`

Observe.

`

Talk.

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

‘·|æŒ+#·Tø√. rdüTø√. Çe⁄«. e÷{≤¢&ÉT. ‘Ó*j·TC…sTT´. Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·T. ã+~Û+#·T. $&ÉT<ä\#ÓsTT´. ô|[fl #˚düTø√.

`

Escape.

`

Take.

`

Give.

`

Converse.

`

Convey.

`

Travel.

`

Arrest.

`

Release.

`

Marry.

Imperitives

¬s+&ÉT |ü<ë\ yêø£´eTT\T`Two Word Sentences Please come (or) Come please nqT á s ¬ +&ÉT yêø£´eTT\˝À <˚ìHÓH’ ê yê&Ée#·TÃqT. (Please is used to express politeness) dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìï ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. <äj·T#˚dæ s¡+&ç. Please come. (or) Come please. 2. <äj·T#˚dæ yÓfi¯fl+&ç. Please go. (or) Go please. 3. <äj·T#˚dæ ‹q+&ç. Please eat. (or) Eat please. 4. <äj·T#˚dæ ‘ê>∑+&ç. Please drink. (or) Drink please. 5. <äj·T#˚dæ ≈£Ls√Ã+&ç. Please sit. (or) Sit please. 6. <äj·T#˚dæ ì\ã&É+&ç. Please stand. (or) Stand please. 7. <äj·T#˚dæ ìÁ<äb˛. Please sleep. (or) Sleep please. 8. <äj·T#˚dæ Ä&ÉT. Please play. (or) Play please. 9. <äj·T#˚dæ Hê≥´eTT #ÓsTT´. Please dance. (or) Dance please. 10. <äj·T#˚dæ bÕ&ÉT. Please sing. (or) Sing please. 20

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 21

<äj·T#˚dæ sêj·T+&ç. Please write. (or) Write please. <äj·T#˚dæ #·<äTe⁄. Please read. (or) Read please. <äj·T#˚dæ <ä÷≈£î Please jump. (or) Jump please. <äj·T#˚dæ qe⁄«. Please laught. (or) Laugh please. <äj·T#˚dæ #·<äTe⁄. Please read. (or) Read please. <äj·T#˚dæ ns¡Te⁄. Please cry. (or) Cry please. <äj·T#˚dæ y˚T˝Àÿ. Please awake. (or) Awake please. <äj·T#˚dæ #·÷&ÉT. Please see. (or) See please. <äj·T#˚dæ >∑eTì+#·T. Please observe. (or) Observe please. <äj·T#˚dæ e÷{≤¢&ÉT. Please talk. (or) Talk please. <äj·T#˚dæ ‘·|æŒ+#·Tø√. Please escape. (or) Escape please. <äj·T#˚dæ rdüTø√. Please take.(or) Take please. <äj·T#˚dæ Çe⁄«. Please give. (or) Give please. <äj·T#˚dæ ‘Ó\T|ü⁄. Please convey. (or) Convey please. <äj·T#˚dæ Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·T. Please travel. (or) Travel please. <äj·T#˚dæ ‘=\–+#·T. Please unveil (or) Unveil please. <äj·T#˚dæ ã+~Û+#·T. Please arrest.(or) Arrest please. <äj·T#˚dæ $&ÉT<ä\#ÓsTT´. Please release. (or) Please release. <äj·T#˚dæ dü+uÛ≤wæ+#·T. Please Converse (or) Converse please. <äj·T#˚dæ ô|[fl#˚düTø√. Please marry me. (or) Marry me please. Çø£ÿ&É≈£î sê. Come here. |òüs¡yê˝Ò<äT. No matter. u≤>∑Tqï~. Very well. Çø£b˛. Go now. qqTï eTìï+#·T. Excuse me. ãj·T≥≈£î yÓ[¢b˛. Get out.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

H√s¡T eT÷düTø√. qqTï ø=≥Tº. ÁøÏ+<ä ≈£Ls√Ã. ‹qï>± yÓfi¯ófl. ô|<ä›>± e÷{≤¢&ÉT. ∫qï>± e÷{≤¢&ÉT. ìX¯Ùã›eTT>± e⁄+&ÉT. u≤>± #·<äTe⁄. ø£wüº|ü&ç |üì#ÓsTT´. C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± $qT. Á|ü‹s√p Vü‰»s¡>∑TeTT. u≤>± #˚XÊe⁄. Bìì #ÓsTT´. ìX¯Ùã›+>± ñ+&ÉT. <äTs¡<äèwüºeTT. H˚qT ø£åe÷|üD #ÓãT‘êqT. eT+∫~. X¯óuÛÑÁ|ü<äyÓTÆq BbÕe[. @MT nqTø√e<äT›. m+‘· n+<äyÓTÆq~!

57. 58. 59. 60.

m+‘· uÛÑj·T+ø£s¡yÓTÆq~! m+‘· bı&ÉT¬>’q~! m+‘· $ø±s¡yÓTÆq~ m+‘· >=|üŒ~!

Shut up. Beat me. Sit down. Go straight. Speak loudly. Speak slowly. Keep quiet. Read well. Work hard. Listen carefully. Be regular. Well done. Do it. Be silent. Bad luck. I apologize. Good luck. Happy Diwali. Never mind. How lovely! (or) How beautiful! How chariming! How terrible! How tall! How ugly! How great! 22

eT÷&ÉT |ü<ë\ yêø£´eTT\T`Three Word Sentences Ç$ kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± yê&ÉTø£˝À e⁄qï ∫qï yêø±´\T. M{Ïì H˚s¡TÃø√+&ç. 1. H˚qT ìqTï Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.

-

I like you.

2. H˚qT ìqTï Áù|$TkÕÔqT.

`

I love you.

3. Ä\dü´yÓTÆq~.

`

It is late.

4. Ç~ eTT+<äT>± e⁄qï~.

`

It is early.

5. Ç~ eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+.

`

It is noon.

6. Ç~ ñ<äj·T+.

`

It is morning.

7

`

It is evening.

8. Ç~ ns¡∆sêÁ‹.

`

It is midnight.

9. Ç~ y˚dü$ ø±\eTT.

`

It is summer.

10. sêeTT&ÉT u≤>± bÕ&É‘ê&ÉT.

`

Rama sings well.

11. ø£èwüßí&ÉT ø√|üeTT>± e÷{≤¢&ÓqT.

`

Krishna spoke angrily.

12. d”‘·≈£î ø±|ò” ÇwüºeTT.

`

Sita likes coffee.

13. yÓ+ø£fÒwt≈£î {° ÇwüºeTT.

`

Venkatesh likes tea.

Ç~ kÕj·T+ø±\+.

14. Hê>±s¡T®q dü+‘√wü+>± ø£ì|ædüTÔHêï&ÉT.`

Nagarjuna seems happy.

15. á ñ‘·Ôs¡+ b˛dtº #ÓsTT´.

`

Post this letter.

16. n‘·qT ã<ä›ø£düTÔ&ÉT.

`

He is lazy.

17. n‘·qT ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT.

`

He is clever.

23

18. ns¡T®qT&ÉT ø£s¡Tíì #·+ô|qT.

`

Arjuna killed Karna.

19. ø£èwüßí&ÉT ø£+düTì #·+ô|qT.

`

Krishna killed Kamsa.

20. sêeTT&ÉT sêeDTì #·+ô|qT.

`

Rama killed Ravana.

21. n Áf…sTTHéqT n+<äTø√.

`

Catch the train.

22. H˚qT Ä&É‘êqT.

`

I shall play.

23. ñwü ‘·|üŒìdü]>± bÕ&Ü*.

`

Usha must sing.

24. ˇø£ÿ ì$Twü+ y˚∫ j·TT+&ÉT.

`

Wait a minute.

25. #ÓsTT´ ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ #·∫Ãb˛.

`

Do or die.

26. |üì #ÓsTT´ ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ nø±*‘√ e⁄+&ÉT.`

Work or starve.

27. H˚qT n˝≤ nqT≈£î+{≤qT.

`

I think so.

28. H˚qT n˝≤ qeTTà‘êqT.

`

I believe so.

29. H˚qT n˝≤ qeTTà‘êqT.

`

I hope so.

30. H˚qT n˝≤ ø√s¡T≈£î+{≤qT.

`

I expect so.

31. H˚qT n˝≤ Ä˝À∫kÕÔqT.

`

I think so.

32. Ä+<√fi¯q e<äT›.

`

Don’t worry.

33. n+‘ê eT+∫ »s¡T>∑T>±ø£.

`

All the best.

34. Áø=‘·Ô dü+e‘·‡s¡+ Äq+<ä+>± e⁄+&Ü*.`

Happy new year.

35. Ç‘·qT ∫s¡+J$.

`

This is Chiranjeevi.

36. Ç$ |ü⁄düÔø±\T.

`

These are books.

37. eTqeTT uÛ≤s¡rj·TT\eTT.

`

We are Indians. 24

38. yês¡T ôd’ì≈£î\T.

`

They are soldiers.

39. H˚qT bı&É>∑].

`

I am tall.

40. áyÓT kı>∑ôd’q~.

`

She is pretty.

41. y˚TeTT Äø£*‘√ e⁄HêïeTT.

`

We are hungry.

42. n‘·qT u≤\ø£èwüí.

`

That is Balakrishna.

43. áyÓT d”‘·.

`

This is Sita.

44. ÄyÓT sê<Ûä.

`

That is Radha.

45. ÄyÓT kÂ+<äs¡´.

`

That is Soundarya.

46. ÄyÓT nqTwüÿ.

`

That is Anushka.

47. Ç$ ô|ì‡fi¯ófl.

`

These are pencils.

48. Ç$ –HÓï\T.

`

These are cups.

49. n$ ã+‘·T\T.

`

Those are balls.

50. n$ uÛÑeHê\T.

`

Those are buildings.

51. yês¡T eTqTwüß´\T.

`

They are men.

52. yês¡T u≤\Ts¡T.

`

They are boys.

53. yês¡T u≤*ø£\T.

`

They are girls.

54. áyÓT Ç*j·÷Hê?

`

This is Iliana.

55. Ç$ ø£+#ê\T.

`

These are plates.

56. Ç$ ≈£îø£ÿ\T.

`

These are dogs.

25

57. Ç$ >±&ç<ä\T.

`

These are donkeys.

58. Ç$ ø√&çô|≥º\T.

`

These are hens.

59. n$ |üP\T.

`

Those are flowers.

60. n$ |ü+&ÉT.¢

`

Those are fruits.

61. n$ >=&ÉT>∑T\T.

`

Those are umbrellas.

62. n$ Çfi¯ófl.

`

Those are houses.

63. n$ |æ#·TÃø£\T.

`

Those are sparrows.

64. n$ m&É¢ã+&ÉT¢.

`

Those are bullock carts.

65. yês¡T $<ë´s¡Tú\T.

`

They are students.

66. yês¡T |æ\¢\T.

`

They are children.

67. yês¡T ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T.

`

They are parents.

68. yês¡T Áø°&Üø±s¡T\T.

`

They are players.

69. yês¡T |üìyêfi¯ófl.

`

They are workers.

70. MTs¡T ñ<√´>∑düTú\T.

`

You are employees.

71. MTs¡T >∑èVæ≤DT\T.

`

You are house-wives.

72. MTs¡T ¬s’‘·T\T.

`

You are farmers.

73. y˚TeTT Åd”Ô\eTT.

`

We are women.

74. y˚TeTT |ü⁄s¡Twüß\eTT.

`

We are men.

75. y˚TeTT $<ë´s¡Tú\eTT.

`

We are students. 26

76. y˚TeTT ñ|üHê´dü≈£î\eTT.

`

We are lecturers.

77. y˚TeTT ìs¡T<√´>∑T\eTT.

`

We are unemployed.

78. n‘·qT s¡$.

`

He is Ravi.

79. n‘·qT lqT.

`

He is Srinu.

80. n‘·qT yêdüT.

`

He is Vasu.

81. n‘·qT eTTsê].

`

He is Murari.

82. ÄyÓT d”‘·.

`

She is Sita.

83. y˚&ç>± e⁄qï~.

`

It is hot.

84. #·\¢>± e⁄qï~.

`

It is cold.

85. n~ @$T?

`

What is that?

86. Ç~ @$T{Ï?

`

What is this?

87. ˙yÓes¡T?

`

Who are you?

88. H˚HÓes¡T?

`

Who am I?

89. y˚TeTT mes¡T?

`

Who are we?

90. yê¬ses¡T?

`

Who are they?

91. n‘·HÓes¡T?

`

Who is he?

92. ÄyÓT mes¡T?

`

Who is she?

93. sêeTT&Óes¡T?

`

Who is Rama?

94. sêeTT&ÉT <˚e⁄&ÉT.

`

Rama is a god.

27

95. ø£èwüßí&ÉT mes¡T?

`

Who is Krishna?

96. nø£ÿ&É mes¡THêïs¡T?

`

Who are there?

97. nø£ÿ&É me&ÉTHêï&ÉT?

`

Who is there?

98. me&ÉT e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT?

`

Who is speaking?

99. ˙ eè‹Ô @$T{Ï?

`

What are you?

100. n‘·qT <Ûäqe+‘·T&Éj·÷´&ÉT.

`

He became rich.

101. n‘·qT eTTdü*yê&Éj·÷´&ÉT.

`

He grew old.

102. n‘·qT ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.

`

He fell asleep.

103. mes¡T Vü‰»s¡T ø±˝Ò<äT?

`

Who is absent?

104. @$T{Ï ‘·|ü

`

What is wrong?

105. @$T #Ó≥Tº?

`

What tree?

106. m+‘· nee÷qyÓ÷!

`

What a shame!

107. m+‘· C≤˝À!

`

What a pity!

108. m+‘· eT÷s¡Tâ&√!

`

What a fool!

28

DA Y-5 DAY

WORDS `

|ü<ë\T

PLURAL & SINGULAR COMBINATIONS We You They brave Boys I He She It

` ` `

y˚TeTT/eTqeTT MTs¡T qTe⁄« yês¡T/n$ (the students, the books,

` ` ` ` `

H˚qT n‘·qT ÄyÓT n~/Ç~ (chain, dog, India, the Rajadhani Express,

Rama ` Sita

`

Am Are Is

` ` `

the problems, soldiers, my parents, your friends) u≤\Ts¡T (brothers, friends, parents, children)

The TDP, December, Cricket, House, Gold) sêeTT&ÉT (eT>∑yêfi¯fl ù|s¡T¢ i.e., Sachin, Kareem, James, Venkatesh, Sunil)

d”‘· (Ä&Éyêfi¯fl ù|s¡T¢ ñ<ë: ^‘·, yêDÏ, düTC≤‘·, Ä~\øÏÎ, eT©¢X¯«], düè»q) ñHêïqT ñHêïeTT/ñHêïs¡T/ñqï$ ñHêï&ÉT/ñqï~ SENTENCES

` yêø£´eTT\T

(Positive, Negative, Interrogative) I am H˚qT ñHêïqT. Note: Ç+^¢wt˝À Ç~ ndü+|üPs¡í yêø£´eTT. Bìì |üP]Ô yêø£´eTT #˚j·÷\+fÒ

Á|üø£ÿq @<√ (verb/noun) ˇø£ |ü<äeTT ñ+&Ü*. n|ü&˚ á yêø£´eTT |ü]|üPs¡í yêø£´eTÚ‘·T+~. Am 29

dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. Ex: I am present. H˚qT ñHêïqT. (Ç|ü&ÉT Ç~ ˇø£ |üPs¡í yêø£´eTT) dü÷#·q: ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTT ¬s+&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. 1. I am present. H˚qT ñHêïqT. 2. Am I present? H˚qT ñHêïHê? 3. I am not present. H˚qT ˝ÒqT. 4. Am I not present? H˚qT ˝ÒHê? 5. We are present. y˚TeTT ñHêïeTT. 6. Are we present? y˚TeTT ñHêïe÷? 7. We are not present. y˚TeTT ˝ÒeTT. 8. Are we not present? y˚TeTT ˝Òe÷? 9. You are present. MTs¡T ñHêïs¡T/qTe⁄« ñHêïe⁄. 10. Are you present? MTs¡T ñHêïsê?/qTe⁄« ñHêïyê? 11. You are not present. MTs¡T ˝Òs¡T/qTe⁄« ˝Òe⁄. 12. Are you not present? MTs¡T ˝Òsê/qTe⁄« ˝Òyê? 13. They are present. yês¡T ñHêïs¡T. 14. Are they present? yês¡T ñHêïsê? 15. They are not present. yês¡T ˝Òs¡T. 16. Are they not present? yês¡T ˝Òsê? 17. Boys are present. u≤\Ts¡T ñHêïs¡T. 18. Are boys present? u≤\Ts¡T ñHêïsê? 19. Boys are not present. u≤\Ts¡T ˝Òs¡T. 30

20. Are boys not present? 21. He is present. 22. Is he present? 23. He is not present. 24. Is he not present? 25. She is present. 26. Is she present? 27. She is not present. 28. Is she not present? 29. It is present. 30. Is it present? 31. It is not present. 32. Is it not present? 33. Rama is present. 34. Is Rama present. 35. Rama is not present. 36. Is Rama not present? 37. Sita is present. 38. Is Sita present? 39. Sita is not present? 40. Is Sita not present? 31

u≤\Ts¡T ˝Òsê? n‘·qT ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·qT ñHêï&Ü? n‘·qT ˝Ò&ÉT. n‘·qT ˝Ò&Ü? ÄyÓT ñqï~. ÄyÓT ñqï<ë? ÄyÓT ˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT ˝Ò<ë? n~ ñqï~. n~ ñqï<ë? n~ ˝Ò<äT. n~ ˝Ò<ë? sêeTT&ÉT ñHêï&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT ñHêï&Ü? sêeTT&ÉT ˝Ò&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT ˝Ò&Ü? d”‘· ñqï~. d”‘· ñqï<ë? d”‘· ˝Ò<äT. d”‘· ˝Ò<ë?

DAY-6

WORDS ` Here There Where Everywhere Anywhere Not

` ` ` ` ` `

SENTENCES

|ü<ë\T

Çø£ÿ&É nø£ÿ&É mø£ÿ&É Á|ü‹#√≥ mø£ÿ&Ó’qqT ˝Ò<äT/ø±<äT

` yêø£´eTT\T

dü÷#·q: ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTT ¬s+&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. 1. I am here. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT. 2. I am there.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT.

3. I am everywhere.

H˚qT Á|ü‹#√≥ ñHêïqT.

4. We are here.

y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïeTT.

5. We are not there. 6. We are everywhere. 7. You are here.

y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É ˝ÒeTT. y˚TeTT nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêïeTT. MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T/qTe⁄« Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïe⁄. 32

8. You are not there.

MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T/qTe⁄« nø£ÿ&É ˝Òe⁄.

9. You are everywhere.

MTs¡T nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêïs¡T/qTe⁄« nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêïe⁄ 10. They are here. 11. They are not there. 12. They are everywhere. 13. Boys are here. 14. Boys are not there. 15. Boys are everywhere. 16. He is here. 17. He is not there. 18. He is everywhere. 19. She is here. 20. She is not there. 21. She is everywhere. 22. It is here. 23. It is not there. 33

yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T. yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. yês¡T Á|ü‹#√{≤ ñHêïs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêïs¡T. n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêï&ÉT. ÄyÓT Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT nìï#√{≤¢ ñqï~. n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. n~ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT.

24. It is everywhere. 25. Rama is here. 26. Rama is not there. 27. Rama is everywhere. 28. Sita is here. 29. Sita is not there.

n~ nìï#√{≤¢ ñqï~. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT nìï#√{≤¢ ñHêï&ÉT. d”‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. d”‘· nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT.

30. Sita is everywhere.

d”‘· nìï#√{≤¢ ñqï~.

31. Are you here?

MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê?

32. Are there here?

yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê?

33. Are boys there?

u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê?

34. Is he here?

n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&Ü?

35. Is she there?

ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë?

36. Is it there?

n~ nø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë?

37. Is Rama there? 38. Is Sita there?

sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É ñHêï&Ü? d”‘· nø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë?

34

DAY-7 Words -

|ü<ë\T

Contractions /Shortest forms - dü+øÏå|üÔ

|ü<ë\T dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. I am – I’m (◊yéT) I am not – I’m not (◊yéT Hê{Ÿ) We are – we’re ($j·TsY) We are not – we aren’t ($jYT Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) You are – you’re (jÓ÷sY) You are not – you aren’t (j·TT Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) They are – They’re (<˚sY) They are not – They aren’t (<˚ Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) Boys are not – Boys aren’t (u≤sTTdt Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) He is – He’s (V”≤CŸ) He is not – He isn’t (Væ≤ V”≤CŸ+{Ÿ) She is – she’s (w”CŸ) She is not – she isn’t (w” áCŸ+{Ÿ) It is – It’s (Ç{Ÿ‡) It is not – It isn’t (Ç{Ÿ áCŸ+{Ÿ) Rama is not – Rama isn’t (sêeT áCŸ+{Ÿ) Sita is not – Sita isn’t (d”‘· áCŸ+{Ÿ) 35

Sentences- yêø±´\T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

I’m (◊yéT) here.

H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT. Am I here? H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïHê? I’m (◊yéT) not there H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ˝ÒqT. Am I not here? H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ˝ÒHê? We’re ($j·TsY)here. y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïeTT. Are we here? y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïe÷? We aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) there. y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É ˝ÒeTT. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) we here? y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ˝Òe÷? You’re (jÓ÷sY) here. MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T/qTe⁄« Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïe⁄. Are you here? MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê?/qTe⁄« Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïyê? You aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) there.MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É˝s Ò T¡ /qTe⁄« nø£ÿ&É ˝Òe⁄. Aren’t you there? MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê?/qTe⁄« nø£ÿ&É ˝Òyê? They’re (<˚sY) here. yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T. Are they there? yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê? They aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) here. yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) they there? yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê? Boys are here. u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T. Are boys here? u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïsê? Boys aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) there. u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ/Ä+{Ÿ) boys there? u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê? 36

21. He’s (V”≤CŸ) here. 22. Is he here? 23. He isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) here. 24. Isn’t he there? 25. She’s (w”CŸ) here. 26. Is she there? 27. She isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) there. 28. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) she there? 29. It’s (Ç{Ÿ‡) here 30. Is it here? 31. It isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) there. 32. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) it there? 33. Rama is here. 34. Is Rama here? 35. Rama isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) here. 36. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) Rama here? 37. Sita is here. 38. Is Sita here? 39. Sita isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) here. 40. Isn‘t Sita here? 37

n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&Ü? n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&Ü? ÄyÓT Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë? ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë? n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë? n~ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. n~ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë? sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&Ü? sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&Ü? d”‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñqï~. d”‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñqï<ë? d”‘· Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. d”‘· Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë?

DAY-8

Words - |ü<ë\T Words related to time factor. was was not – wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) were were not–weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) yesterday yesterday evening yesterday afternoon Last night Before 10 minutes 10 minutes ago Before 2 hours Before 2 days 2 days ago 2 weeks ago 2 months ago 10years ago / a decade ago For 2 hours For a 2 day tour

ñ+&ÓqT – ˝Ò≈£î+&ÓqT – ñ+&ç] – ˝Ò≈£î+&ç] – ìqï – ìqï kÕj·T+ø±\+ – ìqï eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ – >∑‘· sêÁ‹ – |ü~ ì$TcÕ\ eTT+<äT – |ü~ ì$TcÕ\ ÁøÏ‘·+ – ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ eTT+<äT – ¬s+&ÉT s√E\ eTT+<äT – ¬s+&ÉT s√E\ ÁøÏ‘·+ – ¬s+&ÉT yêsê\eTT+<äT – ¬s+&ÉT HÓ\\ ÁøÏ‘·+ – 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ – ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ ø=i≈£î – ¬s+&ÉT s√E\ j·÷Á‘· ø=s¡≈£î –

38

For a 10 lakh work

–

For a 10 mile Journey

–

A million dollar question

–

Sentences -

|ü~ \ø£å\ (s¡÷bÕj·T\) |üì ø=s¡≈£î |ü~ yÓTÆfi¯fl Á|üj·÷D+ ø=s¡≈£î |ü~ \ø£å\ &Ü\s¡¢ Á|üX¯ï

yêø£´eTT\T

dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. 1.

I was there yesterday

H˚qT ìqï nø£ÿ&É ñ+{Ïì. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Was I there yesterday?

H˚qT ìqï nø£ÿ&É ñ+{ÏHê? I wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) there yesterday. ìqï H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò≈£î+{Ïì. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) I there yesterday? H˚qT ìqï nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò≈£î+{ÏHê? We were in Vijayawada yesterday morning

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ y˚TeTT $»j·Tyê&É˝À ñ+{Ï$T. 6. 7. 8.

39

Were we in Vijayawada yesterday morning?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ $»j·Tyê&É˝À ñ+{Ïe÷? We weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) in Nellore yesterday morning. ìqï ñ<äj·T+ y˚TeTT HÓ\÷¢s¡T˝À ˝ÒeTT. Weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) we in Vijayawada yesterday morning? ìqï ñ<äj·T+ y˚TeTT $»j·Tyê&É˝À ˝Òe÷?

9.

You were there yesterday evening.

ìqï kÕj·T+ø±\+ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ñ+{Ï]. 10. Were you there yesterday evening? 11. 12.

ìqï kÕj·T+ø±\+ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ñ+{Ïsê? Yesterday evening you weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) there. ìqï kÕj·T+ø±\+ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) you there yesterday evening? ìqï kÕj·T+ø±\+ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê?

13. They were there yesterday.

ìqï yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ç]. 14. Were they there yesterday? 15. 16.

ìqï yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ñ+&çsê? They weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) there yesterday. ìqï yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. Weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) they there yesterday? ìqï yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê?

17. Boys were here yesterday.

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ç]. 18. Were boys here yesterday? 19.

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&çsê? Boys weren’t (es¡+{Ÿ) here yesterday. u≤\Ts¡T ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ˝Òs¡T. 40

(es¡+{Ÿ) the boys here yesterday? ìqï Ä u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ˝Òsê?

20. Weren’t

21. He was here 10 minutes ago.

10 ì$TcÕ\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nqT Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 22. Was he here 10 minutes ago? 23. 24.

10 ì$TcÕ\ eTT+<äT n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓHê? He wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) here 10 minutes ago. 10 ì$TcÕ\eTT+<äT n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) he here 10 minutes ago? 10 ì$TcÕ\eTT+<äT n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&Ü?

25. She was there 2 hours ago.

¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ eTT+<äT ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 26. Was she there 2 hours ago? 27. 28.

¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ eTT+<äT ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓHê? She wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) there 2 hours ago. ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ eTT+<äT ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) she there 2 hours ago? ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ eTT+<äT ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë?

29. It was there 2 days ago.

¬s+&ÉT s√E\ ÁøÏ‘·+ n~ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 30. Was it there 2 days ago?

¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ ÁøÏ‘·+ n~ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓHê? 41

31. It wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) there 2 days ago.

32.

¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ ÁøÏ‘·+ n~ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) it there 2 days ago? ¬s+&ÉT >∑+≥\ ÁøÏ‘·+ n~ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë?

33. Rama was there a decade ago.

sêeTT&ÉT 10 dü+ˆˆ\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 34. Was Rama there a decade ago?

35.

36.

10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓHê? Rama wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) there a decade ago. 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) Rama there a decade ago? 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ sêeTT&ÉT ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?

37. Sita was there a decade ago.

d”‘· 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 38. Was Sita there a decade ago?

39.

40.

d”‘· 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓHê? Sita wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) there a decade ago. d”‘· 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) Sita there a decade ago? d”‘· 10 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ÁøÏ‘·+ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò<ë? 42

DAY -9

Words - |ü<ë\T. Related to I Person, II Person , III Person I, we |ü<ë\≈£î

i) ii)

uÛÑ$wü´‘Y ø±\+˝À shall yê&Ü*. (I Person) You, They, Boys, He, She, It, Rama, Sita |ü<ë\≈£î will yê&Ü*. (II , III Person)

Ç|ü&ÉT á ô|’q #Ó|æŒq 10 |ü<ë\≈£î affirmative sentences ˝À will yê&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T. iv) ø±˙ interrogative sentences ˝À e÷Á‘·eTT I, we øÏ shall H˚ yê&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T. Ex: i) Shall I come in? H˚qT ˝À|ü*øÏ sêe#êÃ? ii) Shall we go? eTqeTT yÓfi≤›e÷? iii) Shall we make a move? eTq+ ø£<äT˝≤›e÷? v) eT]j·TT I, we |ü<ë\≈£î You, They, Boys, He, She, It, Rama, Sita |ü<ë\≈£î ø£qTø£ will yê&ç‘˚ ‘·|üŒìdü]>± (must) nH˚ ns¡ú+ edüTÔ+~. iii)

Ex:

You will come here tomorrow.

πs|ü⁄ ˙e⁄ ‘·|üŒìdü]>± Çø£ÿ&É≈£î sêyê*. Sentences - yêø±´\T

dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ #·<äe+&ç. 1.

I will be there in 10 minutes.

H˚qT |ü~ ì$TcÕ\˝À nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤qT. 43

2.

Shall I be there in 10 minutes?

3.

H˚qT |ü~ ì$TcÕ\˝À nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤Hê? I won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here after 10 minutes. H˚qT |ü~ ì$TcÕ\ ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉqT.

4.

We will be there in a minute.

5. 6. 7.

y˚TeTT ˇø£ ì$Twü+˝À nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤eTT. We won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here after a minute. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ì$Twü+ ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉeTT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) we be here after a minute? y˚TeTT ˇø£ ì$Twü+ ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ée÷? You will be there on Monday.

MTs¡T k˛eTyês¡+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤s¡T. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Will you be there on Monday?

MTs¡T k˛eTyês¡+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤sê? You won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be there on Monday. MTs¡T k˛eTyês¡+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&És¡T. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) you be there on Monday? MTs¡T k˛eTyês¡+ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ésê? They will be here in the evening.

kÕj·T+ø±\+ yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤s¡T. 12. 13. 14.

Will they be here in the evening?

kÕj·T+ø±\+ yês¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤sê? They won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here in the evening. yês¡T kÕj·T+ø±\+ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&És¡T. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) they be here in the evening? yês¡T kÕj·T+ø±\+ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ésê? 44

15.

The boys will be here tonight.

á sêÁ‹øÏ u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤s¡T. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Will the boys be here tonight?

á sêÁ‹øÏ u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤sê? The boys won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here tonight. á sêÁ‹øÏ u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&És¡T. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) the boys be here tonight? á sêÁ‹øÏ u≤\Ts¡T Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ésê? He will be there in March.

e÷]Ã˝À n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤&ÉT. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Will he be there in March?

e÷]Ã˝À n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤&Ü? He won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be there in the month of March. n‘·qT e÷]à HÓ\˝À nø£ÿ&É ñ+&É&ÉT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) he be there in the month of March? n‘·qT e÷]à HÓ\˝À nø£ÿ&É ñ+&É&Ü? She will be in America in 2015.

2015˝À ÄyÓT nyÓT]ø±˝À ñ+≥T+~. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Will she be in America in 2015?

2015˝À ÄyÓT nyÓT]ø±˝À ñ+≥T+<ë? She won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be in America in 2015. ÄyÓT 2015˝À ÄyÓT]ø±˝À ñ+&É<äT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) she be in America in 2015? ÄyÓT 2015˝À nyÓT]ø±˝À ñ+&É<ë? It will be here by next year.

e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡sêìø£˝≤¢ n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+≥T+~. 45

28. 29. 30. 31.

Will it be here by next year?

e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡sêìø£˝≤¢ n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+≥T+<ë? It won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here by next year. e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡sêìøÏ n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&É<äT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) it be here by next year? e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡sêìøÏ n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&É<ë? Rama will be here by the end of this year.

á dü+e‘·‡sê+‘êìøÏ sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤&ÉT. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Will Rama be here by the end of this year?

á dü+e‘·‡sê+‘êìøÏ sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤&Ü? Rama won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here tomorrow. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É πs|ü⁄ ñ+&É&ÉT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) Rama be here tomorrow? sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É πs|ü⁄ ñ+&É&Ü? Sita will be here tomorrow.

d”‘· πs|ü⁄ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+≥T+~. 36. 37. 38.

Will Sita be here tomorrow?

d”‘· πs|ü⁄ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+≥T+<ë? Sita won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be here tomorrow. d”‘· πs|ü⁄ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&É<äT. Won’t (y√+{Ÿ) Sita be here tomorrow? d”‘· πs|ü⁄ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&É<ë? 46

DAY -10 Words - |ü<ë\T-Modals can #˚j·T>∑\ could #˚j·T>∑*¬>qT able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T am able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·THêïqT are able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·THêïs¡T is able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·THêï&ÉT/#·Tqï~ was able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·÷ ñ+&ÓqT were able #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·÷ ñ+&ç] (I) will be able to (H˚qT) #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T#·÷ ñ+{≤qT (I) cannot-can’t (ø±+{Ÿ) (H˚qT) #˚j·T˝ÒqT. (Note: can not nì <ä÷s¡+>± Áyêj·T≈£L&É<äT) could not - couldn’t #˚j·T˝Òø£b˛j·÷qT (I) am not able (H˚qT) #˚j·T˝Òb˛‘·THêïqT (We) are not able (y˚TeTT) #˚j·T˝Òb˛‘·THêïeTT (He) is not able (n‘·qT) #˚j·T˝Òø£b˛‘·THêï&ÉT (I) was not able (H˚qT) #˚j·T˝Òø£b˛‘·÷ ñ+{Ïì (We) were not able (y˚TeTT) #˚j·T˝Òø£b˛‘·÷ñ+{Ï$T (I) won’t be able to (H˚qT) #˚j·T˝Òø£b˛‘·÷ ñ+{≤qT (I) can have (H˚qT) ø£*– ñ+&É>∑\qT (I) can’t have (H˚qT) ø£*– ñ+&É˝ÒqT (I) could have (H˚qT) ø£*– ñ+&É*>±qT (I) couldn’t have (H˚qT) ø£*– ñ+&É˝Òø£b˛j·÷qT 47

Note: not able ã<äT\T>± unable qT ≈£L&Ü yê&Ée#·TÃqT. Can you lift this box? á u≤≈£î‡qT m‘·Ô>∑\yê?

(X¯øÏÔ kÕeTs¡ú´eTTqT ‘Ó\T|ü⁄qT) I)

Permission ` nqTeT‹ ø√s¡T≥≈£î yê&Ée#·TÃqT. Ex: i) Can I come in sir? H˚qT ˝À|ü\≈£î sêe#êÃ+&ç? ii) Can I borrow your pen? MT ô|qTïqT H˚qT rdüTø√e#êÃ?

II)

(Note: Can - Express possibility) Ex: i) Can this be true? (interrogative) Ç~ ì»+ ne«e#êÃ? ii) Can he donate for the Tsunami victims?

n‘·qT düTHêMT u≤~Û‘·T\≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚j·T>∑\&Ü? III)

Polite request ` eTsê´<ä\‘√ eTq$ #˚j·TT≥ Ex: i) Could I borrow your bicycle? H˚qT á ôd’øÏ˝Ÿ

rdüTø√e#êÃ? IV)

He is not there. Where can he have gone?

n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò&ÉT. mø£ÿ&çøÏ yÓ[fl e⁄+{≤&ÉT ($düT>∑T‘√ nqT≥) V)

You could have accepted the offer.

qTe⁄« Ä Ä|òüsYqT n+^ø£]+∫ ñ+&Ü*‡+~. VI)

Condition or speculation `ñqï~ b˛‘˚ m˝≤? Ex: i) Could I get another? Ç+ø=ø£<ëìì bı+<äe#êÃ? ii) Could I get another chance (doubtful)?

Hê≈£î Ç+ø=ø£ neø±X¯+ sêe#êà Sentences`yêø±´\T dü÷#·q: á ÁøÏ+<ä ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTTq≈£î we, you, they, boys, he, she it, Rama, Sita nqT |ü<ë\‘√ yêø£´eTT\≈£î ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 48

dü÷#·q: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. I can do it.

H˚qT <ëìì #˚j·T>∑\qT. 2. I can swim across the river.

H˚qT q~øÏ n&ɶ+>± á<ä>∑\qT. 3. I can go there alone.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î ˇ+≥]>± yÓfi¯fl>∑\qT. 4. I can help you.

H˚qT ˙≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚j·T>∑\qT. 5. I can beat you now.

H˚qT Ç|ü&ÉT ìqTï ø=≥º>∑\qT. 6. I can purchase it. 7. 8. 9.

H˚qT <ëìì ø=q>∑\qT. I can’t (ø±+{Ÿ) help you. H˚qT ˙≈£î kÕj·T+#˚j·T˝ÒqT. I can’t (ø±+{Ÿ) drive this vehicle. á yêVü≤Hêìï H˚qT q&É|ü˝ÒqT. I can’t (ø±+{Ÿ) answer your question. ˙ Á|üX¯ï≈£î H˚qT düe÷<Ûëq+ #Ó|üŒ˝ÒqT.

10. I managed to go there alone.

H˚qT Ç+≥]>± nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯fl>∑*>±qT. 11. I could eat it.

H˚qT <ëìì ‹q>∑*>±qT. 12. I could sleep there well last night.

nø£ÿ&É >∑‘· sêÁ‹ H˚qT u≤>± ìÁ<äb˛>∑*>±qT. 13. I am able to walk now.

H˚qT Ç|ü&ÉT q&Ée>∑\T>∑T‘·THêïqT. 49

14. I am able to study properly.

H˚qT dü]>± #·<äe>∑\T>∑T#·THêïqT. 15. I am able to earn money.

H˚qT &ÉãT“\T dü+bÕ~+#·>∑\T>∑T#·THêïqT. 16. I am unable to eat it / I am not able to eat it.

H˚qT <ëìì ‹q˝Òø£b˛‘·THêïqT. 17. I am unable to answer to your question. (Note: unable = not able)

H˚qT ˙ Á|üX¯ï≈£î düe÷<Ûëq+ #Ó|üŒ˝Òø£b˛‘·THêïqT. 18. I am unable to concentrate on my studies.

H˚qT Hê #·<äTe⁄˝À @ø±Á>∑‘· ñ+#·˝Òø£b˛‘·THêïqT. 19. I was able to help him yesterday. 20.

H˚qT ìqï n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T>∑*– ñ+{Ïì. I wasn’t (eCŸ+{Ÿ) able to take proper care of my health. H˚qT Hê Äs√>∑´$wüj·T+˝À dü¬s’q C≤Á>∑‘·Ô rdüTø√˝Òø£b˛‹ì.

21. I will be able to study tomorrow.

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ #·<äe>∑\T>∑T#·÷ ñ+{≤qT. 22. I will be able to help him after a week. 23.

yês¡+ s√E\ ‘·s¡Tyê‘· H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T>∑\T>∑T‘êqT. I won’t (y√+{Ÿ) be able to drive my vehicle tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT Hê yêVü≤Hêìï q&É|ü˝Ò≈£î+&Ü ñ+{≤qT.

24. I can have it by tomorrow. 25.

πs|ü{Ïø£˝≤¢ H˚qT <ëìì ø£*–e⁄+{≤qT. I can’t (ø±+{Ÿ) have leisure time tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT $ÁXÊ+‹ì ø£*–e⁄+&ÉqT. 50

26. I could have done it yesterday.

ìqï <ëìì H˚qT #˚j·T>∑*–ñ+&˚yê&çì. 27. I could have helped him yesterday.

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ H˚qT kÕj·T+#˚j·T>∑*– ñ+&˚yê&çì. 28. I could have punished him 10 minutes ago.

|ü~ ì$TcÕ\ ÁøÏ‘·+ n‘·ìì •øÏå+∫ ñ+&˚yê&çì. 29. I could have got a job last month itself.

ÁøÏ‘·+ HÓ\˝ÀH˚ H˚qT ñ<√´>∑eTTqT bı+<ä>∑*– ñ+&˚yê&çì. 30. I could have advised you in a proper way. 31. 32.

dü¬s’q e÷s¡Z+˝À H˚qT MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+&˚yê&çì. I couldn’t (≈£î&É+{Ÿ) have it yesterday. ìqï <ëìì H˚qT bı+<ä˝Òø£b˛j·÷qT. I couldn’t (≈£î&É+{Ÿ) have much money last year. >∑‘· dü+e‘·‡s¡+ m≈£îÿe &ÉãT“\T H˚qT bı+<ä˝Òø£b˛j·÷qT.

33. Sita can cook.

d”‘· e+≥#˚j·T>∑\<äT. 34. Ramu can play cricket.

sêeTT&ÉT ÁøϬø{Ÿ Ä&É>∑\&ÉT. 35. He can speak English.

n‘·qT Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&É>∑\&ÉT. 36. He can proceed.

Çø£ Ç‘·qT #Ój·T´e#·TÃ. 37. You can stay there.

MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É ñ+&É>∑\s¡T. 38. Could I meet principal?

<äj·T#˚dæ H˚qT Á|æì‡bÕ˝Ÿ >±]ì ø£\TdüTø√e#êÃ? 39. Could I stay here.

H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ée#·TÃHê? 51

DAY 11 ADVERB SENTENCES

ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. 1.

I am walking fast.

2.

Am I walking fast?

3.

I’m not walking fast.

4.

Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) I walking fast?

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

H˚qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïqT. H˚qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïHê? H˚qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä .

H˚qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? We are walking fast. y˚TeTT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïeTT. Are we walking fast? y˚TeTT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïe÷? We aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) walking fast. y˚TeTT y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) we walking fast? y˚TeTT y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? You are walking fast. MTs¡T y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïs¡T. Are you walking fast? MTs¡T y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïsê? You aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) walking fast. MTs¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) you walking fast? MTs¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? They are walking fast. yês¡T y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïs¡T. Are they walking fast? yês¡T y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïsê? They aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) walking fast. yês¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) they waking fast? yês¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? Boys are walking fast. u≤\Ts¡T uÒ>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïs¡T. 52

u≤\Ts¡T y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïsê? Boys aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) walking fast. u≤\Ts¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) boys walking fast?u≤\Ts¡T y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? He is walking fast. n‘·qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êï&ÉT. Is he walking fast? n‘·qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êï&Ü? He isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking fast. n‘·qT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) he walking fast? n‘·qT y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? She is walking fast. ÄyÓT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTqÔ ï~. Is she walking fast? ÄyÓT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTqÔ ï<ë? She isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking fast. ÄyÓT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) she walking fast? ÄyÓT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? It is walking fast. n~ y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTqÔ ï~. Is it walking fast? n~ y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTqÔ ï<ë? It isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking fast. n~ y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) it walking fast? n~ y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? Rama is walking fast. sêeTT&ÉT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êï&ÉT. Is Rama walking fast? sêeTT&ÉT y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êï&Ü? Rama isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking fast.sêeTT&ÉT y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ Tä . Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) Rama walking fast?sêeTT&ÉT y˚>+ ∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? Sita is walking fast. d”‘· y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTqÔ ï~. Is Sita walking fast? d”‘· y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉTdüTHÔ êï<ë? Sita isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)walking fast. d”‘· y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë? Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) Sita walking fast? d”‘· y˚>+∑ >± q&ÉefÒ<¢ ë?

18. Are boys walking fast? 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 53

DAY-12

A few sentences with adjectives

ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

I am intelligent. I am an intelligent person. We are blacks. We are black people. You are weak. You are a weak person. They are rich. They are rich people. Boys are obedient. Boys are obedient students. He is cunning.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

He is a cunning fellow. She is beautiful. She is a beautiful girl. It is cheap. It is a cheap article. Rama is righteous. Rama is a righteous person. Sita is pious. Sita is a pious lady. I am not coward.

H˚qT y˚T<Ûë$ì. H˚qT ˇø£ y˚T<Ûë$jÓÆTq e´øÏÔì. y˚TeTT q\¢yêfi¯fleTT. y˚TeTT q\¢ì e´≈£îÔ\eTT. MTs¡T ã\V”≤qT\T. MTs¡T ˇø£ ã\V”≤qT˝…’q eTìwæ. yês¡T <Ûäqe+‘·T\T. yês¡T <ÛäqeTTqï eTqTwüß\T. u≤\Ts¡T $qj·Te+‘·T\T. u≤\Ts¡T $qj·T+>∑\ $<ë´s¡Tú\T. n‘·qT ≥ø£ÿ]. n‘·qT ˇø£ õ‘·TÔ\e÷] eTìwæ. ÄyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq~. ÄyÓT ˇø£ n+<äyÓTÆq ne÷àsTT. n~ #·e⁄¬ø’q~. n~ ˇø£ #·e⁄¬ø’q edüTÔe⁄. sêeTT&ÉT <Ûë]à≈£î&ÉT. sêeTT&ÉT ˇø£ <Ûë]àø£yÓTÆq e´øÏÔ. d”‘· |ü⁄˙‘·Tsê\T. d”‘· ˇø£ |ü⁄˙‘·Tsê˝…’q Åd”Ô. H˚qT |æ]øÏyê&çì ø±qT. 54

22. Am I not a coward ? H˚qT ˇø£ |æ]øÏyê&ÉqT ø±Hê? 23. We are not poor. y˚TeTT ù|<√fi¯fleTT ø±eTT. (Äs¡+{Ÿ) 24. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) we poor persons?

y˚TeTT ù|<√\¢yÓTÆq e´≈£îÔ\eTT ø±<ë? 25. You are not bold enough. MTs¡T 26. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) you bold enough?

‘·–q+‘· <ÛÓ’s¡´e+‘·T\T.

MTs¡T ‘·–q+‘· <ÛÓ’s¡´eTT>∑\ e´≈£îÔ\T ø±<ë? They aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) timid. yês¡T |æ]øÏyês¡T ø±<äT.

27. 28. Aren’t(Äs¡+{Ÿ)they timid fellows?

yês¡T |æ]øÏ‘·q+ø£*–q e´≈£îÔ\T ø±<ë? 29. Boys are not mischvious. u≤\Ts¡T n\¢]yêfi¯ófl 30. Aren’t (Äs¡+{Ÿ) boys mischvious fellows? 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 55

ø±<äT.

u≤\Ts¡T n\¢]e´≈£îÔ\T ø±sê? He isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) good. n‘·qT eT+#√&ÉT ø±<äT. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ) he a good man? n‘·qT ˇø£ eT+∫‘·q+ >∑\ e´øÏÔ ø±<ë? She Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)wise. ÄyÓT ‘Ó*yÓ’q~ ø±<äT. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)she a wise lady? ÄyÓT ˇø£ ‘Ó*yÓ’q Åd”Ô ø±<ë? It Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)costly. n~ $\TyÓ’q~ ø±<äT. Isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)it a costly article?n~ ˇø£ $\TyÓ’q edüTÔe⁄ ø±<ë? Rama is good. sêeTT&ÉT eT+∫yê&ÉT. Rama is a good boy. sêeTT&ÉT ˇø£ eT+∫ u≤\T&ÉT. Sita is good. d”‘· eT+∫~. Sita is a good girl. d”‘· ˇø£ eT+∫ ne÷àsTT.

DAY-13

A few sentences with prepositions.

ˇø=ÿø£ÿ yêø£´eTT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. 1.

I saw Ravi in the library.

H˚qT s¡$ì ˝…’ÁãØ˝À #·÷XÊqT. 2.

Rama married Sita on this day.

sêeTT&ÉT d”‘·qT á s√Eq ô|+&ç¢ #˚düTø=Hêï&ÉT. 3.

Your book is on the table.

˙ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT fÒãT˝Ÿ MT<ä ñqï~. 4.

Trains will not arrive on time.

¬s’fi¯ófl düeTj·÷ìøÏ m|ü&É÷ sêe⁄. 5.

We will come on Saturday.

y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT ekÕÔeTT. 6.

He acted on my advice.

Hê dü\Vü‰ y˚Ts¡ n‘·&ÉT q{Ï+#ÓqT. 7.

Sita is on the committee.

d”‘· Ä ø£$T{°˝À ñqï~. 8.

She died of cancer.

πøq‡sY e\¢ ÄyÓT eTs¡DÏ+∫+~. 9.

Sita is daughter of Janaka.

d”‘· »q≈£îì ≈£L‘·Ts¡T. 56

10. The ring is made of gold.

á ñ+>∑s¡eTT ã+>±s¡+‘√ #˚j·Tã&çq~. 11. Rama is a man of word.

sêeTT&ÉT e÷≥ ‘·|üŒìyê&ÉT. 12. She went to buy vegetables.

ÄyÓT ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T ø=q&ÜìøÏ yÓ[fl+~. 13. He has come to teach me.

n‘·qT Hê≈£î uÀ<Ûäq #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ e#êÃ&ÉT. 14. I walk to the garden early in the morning.

H˚qT ñ<äj·÷H˚ï >±¬s¶HéyÓ’|ü⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔqT. 15. He went to the railway station.

n‘·qT ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüHé≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT. 16. There is a house by the temple.

>∑T&ç <ä>∑Zs¡ Ç\T¢ ñqï~. 17. Come and Sit by me.

e∫à Hê Á|üø£ÿq ≈£Ls√Ã. 18. Ravana was killed by Rama

sêeDT&ÉT sêeTTì #˚‹˝À eTs¡DÏ+#ê&ÉT. 19. I can pass I.A.S.exam through hard work.

ø£wüº|ü&ç #·<äe&É+<ë«sê H˚qT ◊@mdt kÕ~Û+#·>∑\qT. 20. All that was done, was through envy.

ndü÷j·T‘√ Ä |üì n+‘ê »]–+~. 57

21. He is with you, why do you worry?

n‘·qT ˙‘√ ñHêï&ÉT. ˙e⁄ m+<äT≈£î u≤<Ûä|ü&É‘êe⁄ 22. He beats the dog with a stick.

n‘·qT ø£f…º‘√ ≈£îø£ÿqT ø=&É‘ê&ÉT. 23. Ravi went out with a heavy bag.

s¡$ ô|<ä› dü+∫‘√ yÓfi≤fl&ÉT. 24. He is at the office.

n‘·qT Ä|ò”düT e<ä› ñHêï&ÉT. 25. She comes at 6’O clock.

ÄyÓT 6 >∑+≥\≈£î edüTÔ+~. 26. We are at Birla Temple in Hyderabad.

y˚TeTT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é˝À _sê¢ f…+|ü⁄˝Ÿ <ä>∑Zs¡ ñHêïeTT. 27. Hyderabad is in Andhra Pradesh.

ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ˝À ñ+~. 28. She was in great distress.

ÄyÓT ô|<ä› u≤<Ûä˝À ñ+&ÓqT. 29. I read it in ‘Eenadu’.

H˚qT <ëìì áHê&ÉT˝À #·~yêqT. 30. I am going to the market for vegetables.

H˚qT e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ≈£î ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\ ø=s¡≈£î yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT 31. Passengers for the Vijayawada are waiting for the bus.

$»j·Tyê&É≈£î yÓ˝Òfl Á|üj·÷D°≈£î\T ãdüT‡ >∑T]+∫ y˚∫ j·TTHêïs¡T. 58

32. We vote for him.

y˚TeTT n‘·ìøÏ z≥T y˚kÕÔeTT. 33. She is about to marry.

ÄyÓT≈£î ô|[fl ø±e\dæ e⁄+~. 34. The broom is behind the door.

N|ü⁄s¡T ‘·\T|ü⁄ yÓqø±\ ñ+~. 35. She will come to rescue me without fail.

ÄyÓT ‘·|üŒ≈£î+&Ü qqTï s¡øÏådüTÔ+~. 36. The fan is above my head.

Hê ‘·\ô|’ dü]>±Z bòÕ´Hé ñ+~. 37. Ravi parked his car across the road.

s¡$ ‘·q ø±s¡Tì s√&ÉT¶øÏ n&ɶ+>± ô|{≤º&ÉT. 38. Besides being a teacher, he is a poet.

n‘·qT {°#·πsø±<äT, ˇø£ ø£$ ≈£L&Ü. 39. Vijayawada is between Guntur and Gudivada.

>∑T+≥÷s¡T eT]j·TT >∑T&çyê&É eT<Ûä´˝À $»j·Tyê&É ñ+~. 40. My father is inside the home.

Hê Hêqï Ç+{Ï˝À ñHêïs¡T. 41. He left his shoes outside.

n‘·ì ã÷≥¢qT ãj·T≥ ô|{≤º&ÉT. 42. The train had left before I reached the railway station.

H˚qT ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüHé≈£î yÓfi¯flø£eTT+<˚ ¬s’\T yÓ[flb˛sTT+~. 59

43. The teacher complained against the student.

$<ë´]úøÏ e´‹πsø£+>± {°#·sY |òæsê´<äT #˚XÊ&ÉT. 44. Step into our institute to learn English.

Ä+>∑¢uÛ≤wü H˚s¡TÃø√e&ÜìøÏ e÷ Çìdæº≥÷´{Ÿ≈£î s¡+&ç. 45. I got good knowledge out of this book.

á |ü⁄düÔø£+qT+&ç H˚qT eT+∫ C≤„qeTTqT bı+<ëqT. 46. Out of my experience. I am teaching these morals.

Hê jÓTTø£ÿ nqTuÛÑe+ MT<ä H˚qT á ˙‘·T\T #Ó|ü⁄ÔHêïqT. 47. I did not achieve anything throughout my life.

Hê J$‘·+˝À H˚qT @MT kÕ~Û+#·˝Ò<äT. 48. He has been facing difficulties throughout his life.

n‘·ì J$‘·+ n+‘ê ø£cÕº\qT m<äTs=ÿ+≥THêï&ÉT. 49. Without sir’s permission she left the class.

ÄyÓT ‘·s¡>∑‹ >∑~ qT+&ç e÷düºsY nqTeT‹ ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü yÓ[fl+~. 50. The hero will come here within a few minutes.

ø=~› ì$TcÕ˝À¢ V”≤sê>±s¡T Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ekÕÔ&ÉT. 51. The show will begin within five minutes.

5 ì$TcÕ˝À¢ c˛ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTe⁄‘·T+~. 52. He welcomed us with his whole heart.

n‘·qT $TeTà*ï eTqdü÷Œ¤]Ô>± ÄVü‰«ì+#ê&ÉT. 53. The train will arrive within five minutes.

¬s’\T 5 ì$TcÕ˝À¢ edüTÔ+~. 60

54. Keep your expenses within your income.

˙ Ä<ëj·÷ìï ã{Ϻ Ks¡Tà ô|≥Tºø√. 55. He lives at Deverapalli.

n‘·qT <˚es¡|ü*¢˝À ìedækÕÔ&ÉT. 56. She lives in Delhi.

ÄyÓT &Ûç©¢˝À ìedædüTÔ+~. 57. There is a war between India and Pakistan.

uÛ≤s¡‘Y≈£î bÕøÏkÕÔHé≈£î eT<Ûä´ j·TT<ä∆+ »s¡T>∑T‘·T+~. 58. Ramu is the laziest boy among the three brothers.

eTT>∑TZs¡T nqï<äeTTà˝À¢ s¡$ k˛eT]. 59. I have been teaching English since 1980.

H˚qT 1980 qT+∫ Ä+>∑¢eTT uÀ~ÛdüTÔHêïqT. 60. I have been teaching English for 8 years.

H˚qT 8 dü+ˆˆ\ qT+&ç Ä+>∑¢eTT uÀ~ÛdüTÔHêïqT. 61. My sister sat beside me.

Hê k˛<ä] Hê Á|üø£ÿq ≈£Ls¡TÃ+~. 62. Besides working as a teacher, he also acts in films.

n‘·qT ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT>± |üì#˚dü÷Ô, dæìe÷˝À¢ q{ÏkÕÔ&ÉT. 63. He was killed with a knife.

n‘·qT ˇø£ ø£‹Ô‘√ #·+|üã&ܶ&ÉT. 64. He was killed by Rama.

n‘·qT sêeTTì#˚ #·+|üã&ܶ&ÉT. 61

65. Veena sat on the bench.

M&ç u…+∫ô|’q ≈£Ls¡TÃ+~. 66. The cat jumped upon the rat.

|æ*¢ m\Tø£ MT<ä <ä÷øÏ+~. 67. An egg is in the box.

ô|f…º˝À ˇø£ >∑T&ÉT¶ ñ+~. 68. A frog jumped into the river.

q~˝ÀøÏ ø£|üŒ <ä÷øÏ+~. 69. She was kept waiting till 3’O clock.

ÄyÓTqT 3 >∑+≥\<ëø± y˚∫ ñ+#ês¡T. 70. I will return home by 3’O Clock.

H˚qT 3 >∑+≥\ø£˝≤¢ Ç+{ÏøÏ ekÕÔqT. 71. Ravi left work at 4’O clock.

s¡$ |üìì e~* 4 >∑+≥\≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT. 72. It is about four now.

f…Æ+ Hê\T>∑T ø±edüTÔ+~. 73. Seshu will return in a week.

X‚wüß ˇø£ yês¡+˝À ‹]–ekÕÔ&ÉT. 74. Ravi will return within a week.

s¡$ yês¡+ ø±ø£eTT+<˚ ‹]– ekÕÔ&ÉT. 75. Ravi will meet you at the station.

s¡$ $TeTà*ï ùdºwüHée<ä› ø£\e>∑\&ÉT. 62

76. The police rushed at the naxals.

b˛©düT\T qø£‡˝Ÿ‡yÓ’|ü⁄ |üs¡T¬>‘êÔs¡T. 77. She will come at 9’O Clock.

ÄyÓT 9 >∑+≥\≈£î edüTÔ+~. 78. You must come to college in time.

‘·|üŒìdü]>± MTs¡T ø£fi≤XÊ\≈£î f…Æ+øÏ sêyê*. 79. She found me at play.

ÄyÓT qqTï Ä{≤&˚ <ä>∑Zs¡ ø£*dæ+~. 80. She is good at singing.

ÄyÓT bÕ≥\T bÕ&É&É+˝À u≤>∑T+~. 81. The audience were overwhelmed at Chiru’s performance.

Áù|ø£å≈£î\T ∫s¡+J$ q≥q≈£î ÄX¯Ãs¡´b˛j·÷s¡T. 82. She is with her husband.

ÄyÓT ‘·q uÛÑs¡Ô‘√ ñqï~. 83. Fill the petrol tank with 5 litres.

á {≤´+≈£îqT 5 ©≥s¡¢ ô|Á{À˝Ÿ‘√ ì+|ü⁄. 84. I didn’t write with such a costly pen.

n+‘· KØ<Ó’q ô|qTï‘√ H˚qT Áyêj·T˝Ò<äT. 85. He lives with his grandmother.

n‘·qT ‘·q HêqeTà‘√ ìedækÕÔ&ÉT.

63

DAY-14

Sentences with helping verbs. There are 23 helping verbs. 1.

Am

2. Is

3.

Are

4. Was

5.

Were

6. Being

7.

Been

8. Be

9.

Have

10. Has

11. Had

12. Do

13. Does

14. Did

15. Shall

16. Should

17. Will

18. Would

19. May

20. Might

21. Must

22. Can

23. Could

Sentences formed with helping verbs

düV‰ü j·Tø£ ÁøÏjT· \T Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. I am walking.

H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. 2. He is walking.

n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. 3. We are walking.

y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT. 4. I was playing cricket in the morning.

H˚qT ñ<äj·T+ ÁøϬø{Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·÷ e⁄+{Ïì.

64

5. We were playing foot ball in the evening.

y˚TeTT kÕj·T+ø±\eTT |òü⁄{Ÿu≤˝Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·÷ e⁄+{Ï$T. 6. I am being advised by Ramesh.

Hê≈£î s¡y˚Twt dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêï&ÉT. 7. I have been scolded by my boss.

qqTï Hê j·T»e÷ì Ç|ü&˚ ‹{≤º&ÉT. 8. I will be taking my exam at this time tomorrow .

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ H˚qT |üØø£å sêdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT. 9. I have eaten a mango just now.

H˚qT ˇø£ e÷$T&ç|ü+&ÉT (Ç|ü&˚) ‹HêïqT. 10. He has beaten Ravi.

Ç‘·&ÉT s¡$ì (Ç|ü&˚) ø={≤º&ÉT. 11. I had helped him yesterday before you came.

ìqï qTe⁄« e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚XÊqT. 12. Do you go there everyday?

MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É≈£î Á|ü‹ s√p yÓfi¯‘êsê? 13. Does he often visit this place?

n‘·qT ‘·s¡#·T>± Çø£ÿ&É≈£î edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&Ü? 14. Did you take your exam yesterday?

ìqï qTe⁄« ˙ |üØø£å ÁyêXÊyê? 15. Shall we make a move?

eTq+ ø£<äT˝≤›e÷? 65

16. You should attend that party tomorrow.

πs|ü⁄ qTe⁄« Ä bÕغøÏ ‘·|üŒìdü]>± sêyê*. 17. He will you meet tomorrow.

πs|ü⁄ ìqTï n‘·qT ø£\TkÕÔ&ÉT. 18. Would you mind opening the window?

øÏ{Ïø° ‘Ós¡e&ÜìøÏ MTπs$T nqTø√s¡T>±? 19. He may help you.

n‘·qT ˙≈£î düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·Te#·TÃ. 20. He might be coming here now.

n‘·qT Ç|ü&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT. 21. You must go there.

qTe⁄« ‘·|üŒìdü]>± nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl*. 22. I can go there alone.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î ˇ+≥]>± yÓfi¯fl>∑\qT. 23. I could sleep there last night.

H˚qT >∑‘·sêÁ‹ nø£ÿ&É ìÁ<äb˛>∑*>±qT. 66

DAY -15

ø=ìï yêø±´\T Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. A few sentences `

#˚j·÷*. a. I have to go there ` H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl*. b. He has to come here. ` n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î sêyê*. Had to ` #˚j·÷*‡ e∫Ã+~.

1. Have to / has to -

2.

a. I had to take wine in that function.

H˚qT Ä |òü+ø£åHé˝À yÓ’Hé rdüTø√yê*‡ e∫Ã+~. b. He had to marry her. 3.

n‘·qT ÄyÓTqT ô|[fl #˚düTø√yê*‡ e∫Ã+~. Will have to ` #˚j·÷*‡ e⁄+≥T+~. a. I will have to beat him tomorrow for his misbehaviour.

4.

5.

67

n‘·qT #˚dæq <äTwüºÁ|ües¡Ôq≈£î H˚qT n‘·ìï πs|ü⁄ ø={≤º*‡ e⁄+≥T+~. b. You will have to help me tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î ˙e⁄ düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·÷*‡e⁄+≥T+~. Going to / about to ` #˚j·TuÀe⁄#·THêï&ÉT. a. I am going to marry her. `H˚qT ÄyÓTqT ô|[fl #˚düTø√uÀ‘·THêïqT. b. I am about to marry her. ` H˚qT ÄyÓTqT ô|[fl #˚düTø√uÀ‘·THêïqT. c. He is going to perform dance.` n‘·qT Hê≥´+ #˚jT· uÀe⁄#·THêï&ÉT. d. He is about to perform dance`n‘·qT Hê≥´eTT #˚jT· uÀe⁄#·THêï&ÉT. Let ` nqTeT‹ a. I let him come. ` n‘·qT sêe&ÜìøÏ H˚qT nqTeT‹ Ç#êÃqT. b. Let him come ` n‘·ìï sê˙! c. Let us go ` eTq+ b˛<ëeTT.

6. I saw him go there.

n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯fl&É+ H˚qT #·÷XÊqT. 7. I saw him going there.

n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯SÔ e⁄+&É&Üìï H˚qT #·÷XÊqT. 8. He is too weak to walk.

n‘·qT q&Ée˝Òq+‘· ã\V”≤q+>± e⁄Hêï&ÉT. 9. He is a university student.

n‘·qT $X¯«$<ë´\j·T+ $<ë´]ú. 10. She is a Govt. College student.

ÄyÓT Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ø£fi≤XÊ\ $<ë´]úì. 11. I brought three dozen mangoes.

H˚qT eT÷&ÉT &É»q¢ e÷$T&çø±j·T\T ‘Ó#êÃqT. 12. None of the girls is coming to the picnic.

|æøÏïø˘≈£î @ ˇø£ÿ ne÷àsTT sêe&É+˝Ò<äT. 13. None of the boys in the class is intelligent.

‘·s¡>∑‹˝À @ ˇø£ÿ nu≤“sTT ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT>±<äT. (Note: Non of the plural noun followed by singular verb) 14. He and I are twins.

n‘·qT H˚qT ø£e\\eTT. 15. Both his sons are doctors.

n‘·ì Ç<ä›s¡T ≈£îe÷s¡T<äT yÓ’<äT´\T. 16. Vijayawada as well as Hyderabad is a city.

$»j·Tyê&É n+‘˚ø±≈£î+&Ü ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é ˇø£ q>∑s¡eTT. 68

17. I like to listen to the radio.

Hê≈£î πs&çjÓ÷ $q&É+ Çwüº+. 18. I am thirty five years old.

Hê≈£î 35 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ej·TdüT‡. 19. I know nothing. 20. He knows nothing. 21. I knew nothing. 22. He did something. 23. Somebody came here. 24. Nobody took it. 25. He went somewhere.

Hê≈£î @MT ‘Ó*j·T<äT. n‘·ìøÏ @MT ‘Ó*j·T<äT. Hê≈£î @MT ‘Ó*j·T˝Ò<äT. n‘·qT @<√ #˚XÊ&ÉT. Çø£ÿ&É≈£î mes√ e#êÃs¡T. <ëìì mes¡÷ rdüTø√˝Ò<äT. n‘·qT mø£ÿ&çø√ yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.

26. Every man, woman and child was present.

Á|ü‹ e´øÏÔ, ÄyÓT eT]j·TT u≤ãT ñ+&ç]. 27. Which of you took it?

MT˝À mes¡T <ëìì rdüT≈£îHêïs¡T? 28. Either side of this case is guilty.

Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ&ÉT á πødüT˝À H˚s¡düTú&ÉT. 29. Owing to his illness, he was absent.

nHês√>∑´+ e\¢ n‘·qT sê˝Ò<äT. 30. He is brilliant neither at language nor at science.

n‘·qT uÛ≤wü˝Àø±˙, ôd’qT‡˝À>±˙ y˚T<Ûë$ø±&ÉT. 31. Neither of us was present at the meeting.

eTq˝À @ ˇø£ÿ&É÷ düe÷y˚XÊìøÏ Vü‰»s¡T ø±˝Ò<äT. 69

32. If you read well, you will pass.

˙e⁄ u≤>± #·~$‘˚, ˙e⁄ ñrÔs¡Tí&Ée⁄ ne⁄‘êe⁄. 33. If he had worked hard, he would have passed.

n‘·qT u≤>± ø£wüº|ü&çe⁄+fÒ, n‘·qT bÕôd’ e⁄+&˚yê&ÉT. 34. If you come there I will come.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î eùdÔ ˙e⁄ ekÕÔe⁄. 35. If I asked him, he would help me.

H˚qT n&ç–e⁄+fÒ, n‘·qT düVü‰j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+&˚yê&ÉT. 36. If I had not asked him for help, he would not have helped me.

37.

H˚qT n‘·ìì düV‰ü j·T+ ø√dü+ n&É>ø∑ b£ ˛sTTe⁄+fÒ, n‘·qT Hê≈£î düV‰ü j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+&˚yê&ÉTø±<äT. If I were a bird, I would fly home. (nkÕ<Ûä´ $wüj·T+˝À) H˚qT ˇø£ |üøÏåqsTT‘˚ Ç+{ÏøÏ m–]yÓfi≤ÔqT.)

38. If I had gone there, I would have got the job.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓ[fle⁄+fÒ, Ä ñ<√´>∑+ Hê≈£î e∫à e⁄+&˚~. 39. Ramesh is the cleverest boy in the class (Superlative Degree)

‘·s¡>∑‹˝À s¡y˚Twt u≤>± ‘Ó*$>∑\ u≤\T&ÉT. 40. Ramesh is cleverer than any other boy in the class. (Comparative Degree)

‘·s¡>∑‹ >∑~˝À u≤\Ts¡+<ä]ø£+fÒ s¡y˚Twt ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT. 41. No other boy in the class is as clever as Ramesh (Positive Degree)

‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì @ ˇø£ÿ u≤\T&ÉT s¡y˚Twt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT ø±<äT. 70

42. Very few boys in the class are as clever as Ramesh.

‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì #ê˝≤ ‘·≈£îÿeeT+~ u≤\Ts¡T s¡y˚Twt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yês¡T. 43. I have no money to spend. 44.

Ks¡TÃ #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ Hê <ä>∑Zs¡ &ÉãT“˝Ò<äT. Used to ` #˚dü÷Ô e⁄+&˚yê&çì Ex : I used to smoke in youth.

45.

j·Te«q+˝À H˚qT bı>∑‘ê>∑T‘·÷ e⁄+&˚yê&çì. Have – Has } + V3 ` Ç|ü&˚ »]–q |üqT\qT ‘Ó\T|ü⁄qT. (Present Perfect)

a.

I have eaten a mango.

H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) ˇø£ e÷$T&ç|ü+&ÉT ‹HêïqT. b.

He has come here.

n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) Çø£ÿ&É≈£î e#êÃ&ÉT. 46. I would have helped him.

H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+&˚ yê&çì. 47. I might have helped him.

H˚qT (ãVüQX¯) n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+&Ée#·TÃ. 48. I could have helped him.

H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T>∑*– e⁄+&˚yê&çì. 49. I must have helped him.

H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ ‘·|üŒìdü]>± düVü‰j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+&˚yê&çì. 50. I should have helped him

H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚dæ e⁄+fÒ u≤>∑T+&˚~. 71

DAY-16

@ dü+<äs¡“¤+˝ÀHÓ’Hê eTq uÛ≤yê\qT e´ø°Ôø£]+#·&ÜìøÏ á ~>∑Te Çe«ã&çq 240 yêø±´\qT u≤>± ÁbÕø°ºdt #˚ùdÔ dü]b˛‘·T+~. ‘·&Éu≤≥T ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü ‘·«s¡>± eTq+ Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É>∑\T>∑T‘êeTT. ø±ã{Ϻ á 240 yêø±´\qT 10 esY“‡‘√ yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. V1 see speak sleep invite send 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

I am walking. We are walking. You are walking. They are walking. Boys are walking. He is walking. She is walking. It is walking. Rama is walking. Sita is walking. Am I walking ? 12. Are we walking ? 13. Are you walking ?

V2 saw spoke slept invited sent

V3 seen spoken slept invited sent

H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïe÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdüTÔHêïyê? 72

14. 15. 17. 18. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 73

Are they walking ? yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? Are boys walking ? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? Is he walking ? n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? Is she walking ? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? Is it walking ? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? Is Rama walking ? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? Is Sita walking ? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? I am not walking ? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. We are not /aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) walking ? y˚TeTT q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT. You aren’t walking. MTs¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. They aren’t walking. yês¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. Boys aren’t walking. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. He isn’t(áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking. n‘·qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. She isn’t walking. ÄyÓT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. It isn’t walking. n~ q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. Rama isn’t walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. Sita isn’t walking. d”‘· q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. Am I not walking ? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Aren’t we walking ? y˚TeTT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Aren’t you walking ? MTs¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Aren’t they walking ? yês¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Aren’t boys walking ? u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Isn’t he walking ? n‘·qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Isn’t she walking ? ÄyÓT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Isn’t it walking ? n~ q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

Isn’t Rama walking ? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? Isn’t Sita walking ? d”‘· q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT. We walked. y˚TeTT q&ç#êeTT. You walked. MTs¡T q&ç#ês¡T/˙e⁄ q&ç#êe⁄. They walked. yês¡Tq&ç#ês¡T. Boys walked. u≤\Ts¡T q&ç#ês¡T. He walked. n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT. She walked. ÄyÓT q&ç∫+~. It walked. n~ q&ç∫+~. Rama walked. sêeTT&ÉT q&ç#ê&ÉT. Sita walked. d”‘· q&ç∫+~. Did I walk? H˚qT q&ç#êHê? Did we walk? y˚TeTT q&ç#êe÷? Did you walk? MTs¡T q&ç#êsê?/˙e⁄ q&ç#êyê? Did they walk? yês¡T q&ç#êsê? Did boys walk? u≤\Ts¡T q&ç#êsê? Did he walk? n‘·qT q&ç#ê&Ü? Did she walk? ÄyÓT q&ç∫+<ë? Did it walk? n~ q&ç∫+~. Did Rama walk? sêeTT&ÉT q&ç#ê&Ü? Did Sita walk? d”‘· q&ç∫+<ë? I didn’t/(&ç&ç+{Ÿ/&ç+{Ÿ ) I did not walk H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. We didn’t walk y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. You didn’t walk. MTs¡T q&Ée ˝Ò<äT/˙e⁄ q&Ée˝Ò<äT. 74

64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 75

They didn’t walk. Boys didn’t walk. He didn’t walk. She didn’t walk. It didn’t walk. Rama didn’t walk. Sita didn’t walk. Didn’t I walk? Didn’t we walk? Didn’t you walk? Didn’t they walk? Didn’t boys walk? Didn’t he walk? Didn’t she walk? Didn’t it walk? Didn’t Rama walk? Didn’t Sita walk? I shall /will walk. We shall/will walk. You will walk. They will walk. Boys will walk. He will walk. She will walk. It will walk.

yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. n~ q&Ée˝Ò<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. d”‘· q&Ée˝Ò<äT. H˚qT q&Ée ˝Ò<ë? y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? MTs¡T q&Ée ˝Ò<ë?/˙e⁄ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ÄyÓT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? n~ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? d”‘· q&Ée˝Ò<ë? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T/˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔe⁄. yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~.

89. Rama will walk. 90. Sita will walk. 91. Shall I walk? 92. Shall we walk? 93. will you walk? 94. Will they walk? 95. Will boys walk? 96. Will he walk? 97. Will she walk? 98. Will it walk? 99. Will Rama walk? 100. Will Sita walk? 101. I won’t walk. 102. We won’t walk. 103. You won’t walk. 104. They won’t walk. 105. Boys won’t walk. 106. He won’t walk. 107. She won’t walk. 108. It won’t walk. 109. Rama won’t walk. 110. Sita won’t walk. 111. Won’t I walk? 112. Won’t we walk? 113. Won’t you walk?

sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. d”‘·q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔe÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê?/ ˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔyê? yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T? n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉeqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉeeTT. MTs¡T q&Ées¡T/˙e⁄ q&Éee⁄. yês¡T q&Ées¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ées¡T. n‘·qT q&Ée&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&Ée<äT. n~ q&Ée&Ée<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&ÉT. d”‘· q&Ée<äT. H˚qT q&ÉeHê? y˚TeTT q&Éee÷? MTs¡T q&Éesê?˙e⁄ q&Éeyê? 76

114. Won’t they walk? yês¡T q&Éesê? 115. Won’t boys walk? u≤\Ts¡T q&Éesê? 116. Won’t he walk? n‘·qT q&Ée&Ü.? 117. Won’t She walk? ÄyÓT q&Ée<ë? 118. Won’t It walk? n~ q&Ée<ë? 119. Won’t Rama walk? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&Ü? 120. Won’t Sita walk? d”‘· q&Ée<ë? 121. I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. 122. We were walking. MTeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T. 123. You were walking. MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï]/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$. 124. They were walking. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çÏ]. 125. Boys were walking. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çÏ]. 126. He was walking. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 127. She was walking. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 128. It was walking. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 129. Rama was walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 130. Sita was walking. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 131. Was I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? 132. Were we walking? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïe÷? 133. Were you walking?MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïyê? 134. Were they walking? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 135. Were boys walking? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 136. Was he walking? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 137. Was she walking? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 138. Was It walking? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 77

139. Was Rama walking? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 140. Was Sita walking? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 141. I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 142. We weren’t walking. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 143. You weren’t walking. MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT 144. They weren’t walking. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 145. Boys weren’t walking. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 146. He wasn’t walking. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Òä<äT. 147. She wasn’t walking. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 148. It wasn’t walking. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 149. Rama wasn’t walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 150. Sita wasn’t walking. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 151. Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 152. Weren’t we walking? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 153. Weren’t you walking? MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 154. Weren’t they walking? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 155. Weren’t boys walking? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 156. Wasn’t he walking? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 157. Wasn’t she walking? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 158. Wasn’t it walking? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 159. Wasn’t Rama walking? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 160. Wasn’t sita walking? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 161. I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT. 162. We will be walking. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT. 163. You will be walking.MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤e⁄ 78

164. They will be walking. 165. Boys will be walking. 166. He will be walking. 167. She will be walking. 168. It will be walking. 169. Rama will be walking. 170. Sita will be walking. 171. Will I be walking? 172. Will we be walking? 173. Will you be walking ? 174. Will they be walking? 175. Will boys be walking ? 176. Will he be walking ? 177. Will she be walking ? 178. Will it be walking ? 179. Will Rama be walking ? 180. Will Sita be walking ? 181. I won’t be walking. 182. We won’t be walking. 183. You won’t be walking. 184. They won’t be walking. 185. Boys wont’ be walking. 186. He won’t be walking. 187. She won’t be walking. 188. It won’t be walking ? 189. Rama won’t be walking ? 79

yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤e÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT.

190. Sita won’t be walking ? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. 191. Won’t I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê? 192.Won’t we be walking? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ée÷? 193.Won’t you be walking?MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Éyê? 194.Won’t they be walking? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? 195.Won’t boys be walking? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? 196.Won’t he be walking? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? 197.Won’t She be walking? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë? 198.Won’t It be walking? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë. 199.Won’t Rama be walking? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? 200.Won’t Sita be walking? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë? 201. I walk. H˚qT (Á|ü‹s√E) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. 201. We walk. y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. 203. You Walk. ˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔe⁄./ MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. 204. They walk. yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. 205. Boys walk. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. 206. He walks. n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. 207. She walks. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. 208. It walks. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~.. 209. Rama walks. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. 210. Sita walks. d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. 211. Do I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? 212. Do we walk? y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔe÷? 213. Do you walk? MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔyê? 214. Do they walk? yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? 215. Do boys walk? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? 80

216. Does he walk? 217. Does she walk? 218. Does It walk? 219. Does Rama walk? 220. Does Sita walk? 221. I don’t(do not) walk. 222. We don’t walk. 223. You don’t walk. 224. They don’t walk. 225. Boys don’t walk. 226. He doesn’t walk. 227. She doesn’t walk. 228. It doesn’t walk. 229. Rama doesn’t walk. 230. Sita doesn’t walk. 231. Don’t I walk? 232. Don’t we walk? 233. Don’t you walk? 234. Don’t they walk? 235 . Don’t boys walk? 236. Doesn’t he walk? 237. Doesn’t she walk? 238. Doesn’t it walk? 239. Doesn’t Rama walk? 240. Doesn’t Sita walk? 81

n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉeqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉeeTT. MTs¡T q&Ées¡T. yês¡T q&Ées¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ées¡T. n‘·qT q&Ée&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&Ée<äT. n~ q&Ée<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&ÉT. d”‘· q&Ée<äT. H˚qT q&ÉeHê? y˚TeTT q&Éee÷? MTs¡T q&Éesê?/˙e⁄ q&Éeyê? yês¡T q&Éesê? u≤\Ts¡T q&Éesê? n‘·qT q&Ée&Ü? ÄyÓTq&Ée<ë? n~ q&Ée<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&Ü? d”‘·q&Ée<ë?

DAY-17

@ dü+<äs¡“¤+˝ÀHÓ’Hê eTq uÛ≤yê\qT e´ø°Ôø£]+#·&ÜìøÏ á ~>∑Te Çe«ã&çq 240 yêø±´\qT u≤>± ÁbÕø°ºdt #˚ùdÔ dü]b˛‘·T+~. ‘·&Éu≤≥T ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü ‘·«s¡>± eTq+ Ç+^¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É>∑\T>∑T‘êeTT. ø±ã{Ϻ á 240 yêø±´\qT 10 Verbs ‘√ yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. V1 walk run read write eat drink go come sit stand

V2 walked ran read wrote ate drank went came sat stood

V3 walked run read written eaten drunk gone come sat stood

PRESENT CONTINUOUS SENTENCES 1.

I am walking.

2.

We are walking.

3.

You are walking.

4.

They are walking.

5.

Boys are walking.

6.

He is walking.

7.

She is walking.

8.

It is walking.

H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. 82

sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. 10. Sita is walking. d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔqï~. 11. Am I walking ? H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? 12. Are we walking ? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïe÷? 13. Are you walking ? MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdüTÔHêïyê? 14. Are they walking ? yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? 15. Are boys walking ? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? 17. Is he walking ? n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? 18. Is she walking ? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? 18. Is it walking ? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? 19. Is Rama walking ? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? 20. Is Sita walking ? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔqï<ë? 21. I am not walking ? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 22. We are not /aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) walking. y˚TeTT q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT. 23. You aren’t walking. MTs¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 24. They aren’t walking. yês¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 25. Boys aren’t walking. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 26. He isn’t(áCŸ+{Ÿ) walking. n‘·qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 27. She isn’t walking. ÄyÓT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 28. It isn’t walking. n~ q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 29. Rama isn’t walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 30. Sita isn’t walking ? d”‘· q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. 31. Aren’t (@+{Ÿ ) I walking ? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? 32. Aren’t we walking ? y˚TeTT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? 9.

83

Rama is walking.

MTs¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? yês¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? n‘·qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? ÄyÓT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? n~ q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? d”‘· q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë?

33. Aren’t you walking ? 34. Aren’t they walking ? 35. Aren’t boys walking ? 36. Isn’t he walking ? 37. Isn’t she walking ? 38. Isn’t it walking ? 39. Isn’t Rama walking ? 40. Isn’t Sita walking ? PAST TENSE 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

I walked. We walked. You walked. They walked. Boys walked. He walked. She walked. It walked. Rama walked. Sita walked. Did I walk? Did we walk? Did you walk? Did they walk? Did boys walk?

H˚qT q&ç#êqT. y˚TeTT q&ç#êeTT. MTs¡T q&ç#ês¡T/˙e⁄ q&ç#êe⁄. yês¡Tq&ç#ês¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ç#ês¡T. n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ç∫+~. n~ q&ç∫+~. sêeTT&ÉT q&ç#ê&ÉT. d”‘· q&ç∫+~. H˚qT q&ç#êHê? y˚TeTT q&ç#êe÷? MTs¡T q&ç#êsê?/˙e⁄ q&ç#êyê? yês¡T q&ç#êsê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ç#êsê? 84

56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 85

Did he walk? n‘·qT q&ç#ê&Ü? Did she walk? ÄyÓT q&ç∫+<ë? Did it walk? n~ q&ç∫+~. Did Rama walk? sêeTT&ÉT q&ç#ê&Ü? Did Sita walk? d”‘· q&ç∫+<ë? I didn’t/(&ç&ç+{Ÿ/&ç+{Ÿ ) I did not walk H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. We didn’t walk y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. You didn’t walk. MTs¡T q&Ée ˝Ò<äT/˙e⁄ q&Ée˝Ò<äT. They didn’t walk. yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Boys didn’t walk. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. He didn’t walk. n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. She didn’t walk. ÄyÓT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. It didn’t walk. n~ q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Rama didn’t walk. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Sita didn’t walk. d”‘· q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Didn’t I walk? H˚qT q&Ée ˝Ò<ë? Didn’t we walk? y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t you walk? MTs¡T q&Ée ˝Ò<ë?/˙e⁄ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t they walk? yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t boys walk? u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t he walk? n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t she walk? ÄyÓT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t it walk? n~ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Didn’t Rama walk? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée˝Ò<ë?

80. Didn’t Sita walk? 81. I shall /will walk. 82. We shall/will walk. 83. You will walk. 84. They will walk. 85. Boys will walk. 86. He will walk. 87. She will walk. 88. It will walk. 89. Rama will walk. 90. Sita will walk. 91. Shall I walk? 92. Shall we walk? 93. Will you walk? 94. Will they walk? 95. Will boys walk? 96. Will he walk? 97. Will she walk? 98. Will it walk? 99. Will Rama walk? 100. Will Sita walk? 101. I won’t walk. 102. We won’t walk. 103. You won’t walk.

d”‘· q&Ée˝Ò<ë? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T/˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔe⁄. yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. d”‘·q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔe÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔyê? yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T? n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉeqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉeeTT. MTs¡T q&Ées¡T/˙e⁄ q&Éee⁄. 86

104. They won’t walk. 105. Boys won’t walk. 106. He won’t walk. 107. She won’t walk. 108. It won’t walk. 109. Rama won’t walk. 110. Sita won’t walk. 111. Won’t I walk? 112. Won’t we walk? 113. Won’t you walk? 114. Won’t they walk? 115. Won’t boys walk? 116. Won’t he walk? 117. Won’t She walk? 118. Won’t It walk? 119. Won’t Rama walk? 120. Won’t Sita walk? 121. I was walking. 122. We were walking. 123. You were walking.MTs¡T 124. They were walking. 125. Boys were walking. 126. He was walking. 127. She was walking. 87

yês¡T q&Ées¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ées¡T. n‘·qT q&Ée&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&Ée<äT. n~ q&Ée&Ée<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&ÉT. d”‘· q&Ée<äT. H˚qT q&ÉeHê? y˚TeTT q&Éee÷? MTs¡T q&Éesê?˙e⁄ q&Éeyê? yês¡T q&Éesê? u≤\Ts¡T q&Éesê? n‘·qT q&Ée&Ü.? ÄyÓT q&Ée<ë? n~ q&Ée<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&Ü? d”‘· q&Ée<ë? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. MTeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T. q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï]/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çÏ]. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çÏ]. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT.

128. It was walking. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 129. Rama was walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 130. Sita was walking. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 131. Was I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? 132. Were we walking? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïe÷? 133. Were you walking?MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïyê? 134. Were they walking? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 135. Were boys walking? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 136. Was he walking? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 137. Was she walking? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 138. Was It walking? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 139. Was Rama walking? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 140. Was Sita walking? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 141. I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 142. We weren’t walking. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 143. You weren’t walking. MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT 144. They weren’t walking. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 145. Boys weren’t walking. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 146. He wasn’t walking. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Òä<äT. 147. She wasn’t walking. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 148. It wasn’t walking. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 149. Rama wasn’t walking. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 150. Sita wasn’t walking. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. 151. Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 152. Weren’t we walking? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? 88

153. Weren’t you walking? 154. Weren’t they walking? 155. Weren’t boys walking? 156. Wasn’t he walking? 157. Wasn’t she walking? 158. Wasn’t it walking? 159. Wasn’t Rama walking? 160. Wasn’t sita walking?

MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë?

FUTURE TENSE 161. I will be walking. 162. We will be walking.

H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT.

163. You will be walking.MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤e⁄. 164. They will be walking. 165. Boys will be walking. 166. He will be walking. 167. She will be walking. 168. It will be walking. 169. Rama will be walking. 170. Sita will be walking. 171. Will I be walking? 172. Will we be walking? 173. Will you be walking ? 174. Will they be walking? 89

yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤e÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê?

175. Will boys be walking ? 176. Will he be walking ? 177. Will she be walking ? 178. Will it be walking ? 179. Will Rama be walking ? 180. Will Sita be walking ? 181. I won’t be walking. 182. We won’t be walking. 183. You won’t be walking. 184. They won’t be walking. 185. Boys wont’ be walking. 186. He won’t be walking. 187. She won’t be walking. 188. It won’t be walking ? 189. Rama won’t be walking ? 190. Sita won’t be walking? 191. Won’t I be walking? 192. Won’t we be walking?

u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉeTT. MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT. d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ée÷?

193. Won’t you be walking?MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Éyê? 194. Won’t they be walking? 195. Won’t boys be walking? 196. Won’t he be walking?

yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? 90

197. Won’t She be walking? 198. Won’t It be walking? 199. Won’t Rama be walking? 200. Won’t Sita be walking? 201. I walk. 201. We walk. 203. You Walk. 204. They walk. 205. Boys walk. 206. He walks. 207. she walks. 208. It walks. 209. Rama walks. 210. Sita walks. 211. Do I walk? 212. Do we walk? 213. Do you walk? 214. Do they walk? 215. Do boys walk? 216. Does he walk? 217. Does she walk? 218. Does It walk? 91

ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë? n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë? H˚qT (Á|ü‹s√E) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. ˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔe⁄./ MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~.. sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔe÷? MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê?/˙e⁄ q&ÉTkÕÔyê? yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë?

219. Does Rama walk? 220. Does Sita walk? 221. I don’t(do not) walk. 222. We don’t walk. 223. You don’t walk. 224. They don’t walk. 225. Boys don’t walk. 226. He doesn’t walk. 227. She doesn’t walk. 228. It doesn’t walk. 229. Rama doesn’t walk. 230. Sita doesn’t walk. 231. Don’t I walk? 232. Don’t we walk? 233. Don’t you walk? 234. Don’t they walk? 235 .Don’t boys walk? 236. Doesn’t he walk? 237. Doesn’t she walk? 238. Doesn’t it walk? 239. Doesn’t Rama walk? 240. Doesn’t Sita walk?

sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? H˚qT q&ÉeqT. y˚TeTT q&ÉeeTT. MTs¡T q&Ées¡T. yês¡T q&Ées¡T. u≤\Ts¡T q&Ées¡T. n‘·qT q&Ée&ÉT. ÄyÓT q&Ée<äT. n~ q&Ée<äT. sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&ÉT. d”‘· q&Ée<äT. H˚qT q&ÉeHê? y˚TeTT q&Éee÷? MTs¡T q&Éesê?/˙e⁄ q&Éeyê? yês¡T q&Éesê? u≤\Ts¡T q&Éesê? n‘·qT q&Ée&Ü? ÄyÓTq&Ée<ë? n~ q&Ée<ë? sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&Ü? d”‘·q&Ée<ë? 92

DAY-18 1. 10 words A Group B Group -

I, We, You, They, Boys He, She, It, Rama, Sita

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 169e

SENTENCES

H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) We walk. y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) You walk. MTs¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) They walk. yês¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) Boys walk. u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) He walks. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) She walks. ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) It walks. n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç)

1. I walk. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 93

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sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 10. Sita walks. - d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 11. Do I walk? - H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔHê? (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 12. Do we walk? - y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔe÷? (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 13. Do you walk? - MTs¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔsê? qTe⁄« (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔyê? (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 14. Do they walk? - yês¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔsê? (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 15. Do boys walk? - u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔsê? (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 16. Does he walk? - n‘·&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 17. Does she walk? - ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 18. Does it walk? - n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 9. Rama walks.

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94

sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 20. Does Sita walk? - d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 21. I don’t walk. - H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉeqT? (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 22. We don’t walk. - y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉeeTT? (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 23. You don’t walk. - MTs¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ées¡T? qTe⁄« (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éee⁄? (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 24. They don’t walk. - yês¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ées¡T? (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 25. Boys don’t walk. - u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ées¡T? (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 26. He doesn’t walk. - n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée&ÉT? (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 27. She doesn’t walk. - ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<äT? (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 28. It doesn’t walk. - n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<äT? (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 29. Rama doesn’t walk. - sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée&ÉT? (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 19. Does Rama walk? -

95

d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<äT? (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 31. Don’t I walk? - H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&ÉeHê? (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 32. don’t we walk? - y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éee÷? (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 33. Don’t you walk? - MTs¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éesê? ˙e⁄ (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éeyê? (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 34. Don’t they walk? - yês¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éesê? (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 35. Don’t boys walk? - u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Éesê? (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 36. Doesn’t he walk? - n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée&Ü? (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 37. Doesn’t she walk? - ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<ë? (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 38. Doesn’t it walk? - n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<ë? (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 39. Doesn’t Rama walk? - sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée&Ü? (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 40. Doesn’t Sita walk? - d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT/s√p) q&Ée<ë? (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 30. Sita doesn’t walk?

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96

DAY-19 SENTENCES (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. I am walking. - H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 2. We are walking. - y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT. (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 3. You are walking. -MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T. / qTe⁄« q&ÉTdüTÔHêïe⁄. (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 4. They are walking. - yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T. (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 5. Boys are walking. - u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïs¡T. (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 6. He is walking. - n‘·&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 7. She is walking. - ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 8. It is walking. - n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 9. Rama is walking. - sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) Note: ....e

97

d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 11. Am I walking? - H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 12. Are we walking? - yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 13. Are you walking? - MTs¡T q&ÉTdüTH Ô êïsê?/qTe⁄« q&ÉTdüTHÔ êïyê? (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 14. Are they walking? - yês¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 15. Are boys walking? - u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdüTÔHêïsê? (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 16. Is he walking? - n‘·&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 17. Is she walking? - ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 18. Is it walking? - n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 19. Is Rama walking? - sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 20. Is Sita walking? - d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 10. Sita is walking.

-

98

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 22. We are not walking. - yês¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 23. You are not walking. - MTs¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<äT / qTe⁄« q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 24. They are not walking. - yês¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 25. Boys are not walking. - u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 26. He is not walking. - n‘·&ÉT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 27. She is not walking. - ÄyÓT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 28. It is not walking. - n~ q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 29. Rama is not walking. - sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 30. Sita is not walking. - d”‘· q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 21. I am not walking.

99

-

NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 31. Am I not (Aren’t`Äs¡+{Ÿ) walking. -

H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT. (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 32. Aren’t we walking? - y˚TeTT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 33. Aren’t you walking? - MTs¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?/qTe⁄« q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 34. Aren’t they walking? - yês¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 35. Aren’t boys walking? - u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 36. Isn’t he walking? - n‘·&ÉT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 37. Isn’t she walking? - ÄyÓT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 38. Isn’t it walking? - n~ q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 39. Isn’t Rama walking? - sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 40. Isn’t sita walking? - d”‘· q&ÉefÒ¢<ë? (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 100

DAY-20 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS SENTENCES Note:169e ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~

yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1. I have been walking.- H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄HêïqT. (I ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 2. We have been walking.-y˚TeTT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄HêïeTT. (We ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 3. You have ben walking.-MTs¡T(#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄Hêïs¡T.

qTe⁄« (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{ÏqT+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ e⁄Hêïe⁄. (You ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 4. They have been walking.-yês¡T(#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç)q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄Hêïs¡T. (They ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 5. Boys have been walking. - u≤\Ts¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{qÏ T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄Hêïs¡T. (Boys ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) 6. He has been walking.-n‘·&TÉ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄Hêï&ÉT. 7. 8.

(He ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) She has been walking.-ÄyÓT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{ÏqT+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ e⁄qï~. (She ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) It has been walking.-n~ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{ÏqT+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñqï~. (It ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç)

9. Rama has been walking.-sêeTT&ÉT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{q Ï T+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷HÔ ˚ e⁄Hêï&ÉT. 10. 101

(Rama ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç) Sita has been walking. -d”‘· (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{ÏqT+&ç) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñqï~. (Sita ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô 100 verbs‘√ 100 yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ #Ó|üŒ+&ç)

DAY- 21 Note:173e ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~

yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Have Has

}

Walked (V3) Walk - Walked - Walked

1. I have walked (V3)

H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT). (100 Verbs)

(H√{Ÿ: ªÇ|ü&˚µ nì ô|’øÏ #·<äeø£ÿs¡˝Ò<äT. eTqdüT‡˝À Ä dü+<äs¡“¤+ >∑Ts¡TÔ+fÒ #ê\T. H˚qT q&ç#êqT nì ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç)

y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êeTT. (100 Verbs) You have walked (V3) MTs¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ês¡T/qTe⁄« (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êe⁄.(100 Verbs) They have walked (V3) yês¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ês¡T. (100 Verbs) Boys have walked (V3) u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ês¡T. (100 Verbs) He has walked (V3) n‘·&ÉT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&ÉT. (100 Verbs) She has walked (V3) ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+~.(100 Verbs) It has walked (V3) n~ (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+~. (100 Verbs) Rama has walked (V3) sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&ÉT. (100 Verbs) Sita has walked (V3) d”‘· (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+~. (100 Verbs) Have I walked (V3)? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê? (100 Verbs) Have we walked (V3)? y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êe÷? (100 Verbs) Have you walked (V3)? ˙e⁄ (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êyê?/ MTs¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êsê? (100 Verbs) Have they walked (V3)? yês¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êsê? (100 Verbs) Have boys walked (V3)? u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êsê? (100 Verbs)

2. We have walked (V3) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

102

n‘·&ÉT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&Ü? (100 Verbs) Has she walked (V3)? ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+<ë? (100 Verbs) Has it walked (V3)? n~ (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+<ë? (100 Verbs) Has Rama walked (V3)?sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&Ü? (100 Verbs) Has Sita walked (V3)?d”‘· (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç∫+<ë? (100 Verbs) I haven’t walked (V3). H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) We haven’t walked (V3). y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) You haven’t walked (V3) ˙e⁄ (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT / MTs¡T(Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) They haven’t walked (V3) yês¡T(Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) Boys haven’t walked (V3)u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) He hasn’t walked (V3) n‘·&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT (100 Verbs) She hasn’t walked (V3) ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) It hasn’t walked (V3) n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) Rama hasn’t walked (V3)sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) Sita hasn’t walked (V3) d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<äT. (100 Verbs) Haven’t I walked (V3)? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Haven’t we walked (V3)? y˚TeTT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Haven’t you walked (V3)?MTs¡T/qTe⁄« (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Haven’t they walked (V3)? yês¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Haven’t boys walked (V3)?u≤\Ts¡T (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Hasn’t he walked (V3)? n‘·&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Hasn’t she walked (V3)? ÄyÓT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Hasn’t it walked (V3)? n~ (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Hasn’t Rama walked (V3)? sêeTT&ÉT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs) Hasn’t Sita walked (V3)? d”‘· (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? (100 Verbs)

16. Has he walked (V3)? 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 103

DAY-22 PASSIVE VOICE Note: 173e

ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì

á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1.

I am advised (V3).

2.

We are advised (V3).

3.

You are advised.

4.

They are advised.

5.

Boys are advised.

6.

He is advised.

7.

She is advised.

8.

It is advised.

9.

Rama is advised.

10.

Sita is advised.

11.

Am I advised?

12.

Are we advised?

13.

Are you advised?

14.

Are they advised?

15.

Are boys advised?

16.

Is he advised?

17.

Is she advised?

18.

Is it advised?

Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. ÄyÓTøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? MT≈£î / Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 104

19.

Is Rama advised?

20.

Is Sita advised?

21.

I'm not advised.

22.

We aren't advised.

23.

You aren't advised.

24.

They aren't advised.

25.

Boys aren't advised.

26.

He isn't advised.

27.

She isn't advised.

28.

It isn't advised.

29.

Rama isn't advised.

30.

Sita isn't advised.

31.

Am I not advised?

32.

Aren't we advised?

33.

Aren't you advised?

34.

Aren't they advised?

35.

Aren't boys advised?

36.

Isn't he advised?

37.

Isn't she advised?

38.

Isn't it advised?

39.

Isn't Rama advised?

40.

Isn't Sita advised?

105

sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. MT≈£î/˙≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? ˙≈£î/MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?

DAY-23 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (PASSIVE FORMS)

Note:173e ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~

yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. 1.

I am being advised.

2.

We are being advised.

3.

You are being advised.

4.

They are being advised.

5.

Boys are being advised.

6.

He is being advised.

7.

She is being advised.

8.

It is being advised.

9.

Rama is being advised.

10.

Sita is being advised.

11.

Am I being advised?

12.

Are we being advised?

13.

Are you being advised?

14.

Are they being advised?

15.

Are boys being advised?

16.

Is he being advised?

17.

Is she being advised?

18.

Is it being advised?

Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? MT≈£î/˙≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 106

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

107

sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? Is Sita being advised? d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? I'm not being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. We aren't being advised. e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. You aren't being advised. MT≈£î/˙≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. They aren't being advised. yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. Boys aren't being advised. u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. He isn't being advised. n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. She isn't being advised. ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. It isn't being advised. <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. Rama isn't being advised. sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. Sita isn't being advised. d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<äT. Am I not being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Aren't we being advised? MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Aren't you being advised? ˙≈£î/MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Aren't they being advised? yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Aren't boys being advised? u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Isn't he being advised? n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Isn't she being advised? ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Isn't it being advised? <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Isn't Rama being advised? sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Isn't Sita being advised? d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄+&É˝Ò<ë? Is Rama being advised?

DAY-24 (PRESENT PERFECT TENSE) (PASSIVE FORMS)

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. I have been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. We have been advised. e÷≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. You have been advised. ˙≈£î/MT≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T They have been advised. yê]øÏ(Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Boys have been advised. u≤\Ts¡≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. He has been advised. n‘·ìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. She has been advised. ÄyÓT≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. It has been advised. <ëìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Rama has been advised. sêeTTìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Sita has been advised. d”‘·≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Have I been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Have we been advised? e÷≈£î(Ç|ü&˚) dü˝Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Have you been advised? MT≈£î/˙≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Have they been advised? yê]øÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Have boys been advised? u≤\Ts¡≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü˝Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Has he been advised? n‘·ìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Has she been advised? ÄyÓT≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Has it been advised? <ëìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

Note: 173e 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

108

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 109

sêeTTìøÏ (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Has Sita been advised. d”‘·≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? I haven’t been advised. Hê≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. We haven’t been advised. e÷≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. You haven’t been advised. MT≈£î/˙≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT)dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT They haven’t been advised. yê]øÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Boys haven’t been advised. u≤\Ts¡≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT He hasn’t been advised. n‘·ìøÏ (Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT She hasn’t been advised. ÄyÓT≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT It hasn’t been advised. <ëìøÏ (Ç|ü&ÉT)dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT Rama hasn’t been advised. sêeTTìøÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT)dü˝Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT Sita hasn’t been advised. d”‘·≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT Haven’t I been advised? Hê≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Haven’t we been advised? e÷≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT)dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Haven’t you been advised?MT≈£î/˙≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT)dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Haven’t they been advised yê]øÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT)dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Haven’t boys been advised?u≤\Ts¡≈î£ (Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hasn’t he been advised? n‘·ìøÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hasn’t she been advised? ÄyÓT≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hasn’t it been advised? <ëìøÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hasn’t Rama been advised?sêeTTìøÏ(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hasn’t Sita been advised? d”‘·≈£î(Ç|ü&ÉT) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Has Rama been advised?

DAY-25 (Simple Past Tense) -ACTIVE VOICE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-2 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. I walked (V2) yesterday. H˚qT ìqï q&ç#êqT. We walked (V2) yesterday. y˚TeTT ìqï q&ç#êeTT. You walked (V2) yesterday. ìqï MTs¡T q&ç#ês¡T. They walked (V2) yesterday. ìqï yês¡T q&ç#ês¡T. Boys walked (V2) yesterday. u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ç#ês¡T. He walked (V2) yesterday. ìqï n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT. She walked (V2) yesterday. ìqï ÄyÓT q&ç∫+~. It walked (V2) yesterday. ìqï n~ q&ç∫+~. Rama walked (V2) yesterday. sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ç#ê&ÉT. Sita walked (V2) yesterday. d”‘· ìqï q&ç∫+~. Did I walk yesterday? ìqï H˚qT q&ç#êHê? Did we walk yesterday? ìqï y˚TeTT q&ç#êe÷? Did you walk yesterday? ìqï qTe⁄« q&ç#êyê? Did they walk yesterday? yês¡T ìqï q&ç#êsê? Did boys walk yesterday? u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ç#êsê? Did he walk yesterday? n‘·&ÉT ìqï q&ç#êsê? Did she walk yesterday? ìqï ÄyÓT q&ç∫+<ë? Did Rama walk yesterday? sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ç#ê&Ü?

Note: 171e 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

110

19.

Did Sita walk yesterday?

20.

I didn’t walk yesterday.

21.

We didn’t walk yesterday.

22.

We didn’t walk yesterday.

23.

You didn’t walk yesterday.

24.

They didn’t walk yesterday.

25.

Boys didn’t walk yesterday.

26.

He didn’t walk yesterday.

27.

She didn’t walk yesterday.

28.

It didn’t walk yesterday.

29.

Rama didn’t walk yesterday.

30.

Sita didn’t walk yesterday.

31.

Didn’t I walk yesterday?

32.

Didn’t we walk yesterday?

33.

Didn’t you walk yesterday?

34.

Didn’t they walk yesterday?

35.

Didn’t boys walk yesterday?

36.

Didn’t he walk yesterday?

37.

Didn’t she walk yesterday?

38.

Didn’t it walk yesterday?

39.

Didn’t Rama walk yesterday?

40.

Didn’t Sita walk yesterday?

111

d”‘· ìqï q&ç∫+<ë? ìqï d”‘· q&ç∫+<ë? ìqï H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ìqï y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ìqï qTe⁄«/MTs¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ìqï yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<äT. u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. n‘·&ÉT ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ÄyÓT ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. n~ ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. d”‘· ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<äT. ìqï H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï y˚TeTT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ˙e⁄/MTs¡T ìqï q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï yês¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï u≤\Ts¡T q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï ÄyÓT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï n~ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? ìqï sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? Çìqï d”‘· q&Ée˝Ò<ë?

DAY-26 ACTIVE VOICE – PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 169e

H√{Ÿ: á ÁøÏ+<ä Ç∫Ãq yêø±´\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìøÏ 100 verbs ñ|üj÷Ó –+∫ yêø±´\qT ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: All the below sentences carry with time factor. 1. I was walking yesterday. (with time factor)

H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. 2. We were walking yesterday.

y˚TeTT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T. 3. You were walking yesterday.

MTs¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï]/ìqï qTe⁄« q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ï$. 4. They were walking yesterday.

yês¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 5. Boys were walking yesterday.

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 6. He was walking yesterday.

n‘·qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 7. She was walking yesterday.

ÄyÓT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 8. It was walking yesterday.

n~ ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 112

9. Rama was walking yesterday.

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 10. Sita was walking yesterday.

d”‘· ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 11. Was I walking yesterday?

ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê? 12. Were we walking yesterday?

ìqï y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïe÷? 13. Were you walking yesterday?

ìqï MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê?/ ìqï ˙e⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïyê? 14. Were they walking yesterday?

yês¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïsê? 15. Were boys walking yesterday?

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 16. Was he walking yesterday?

n‘·qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 17. Was she walking yesterday?

ÄyÓT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 18. Was it walking yesterday?

n~ ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 19. Was Rama walking yesterday?

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 113

20. Was Sita walking yesterday?

d”‘· ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 21. I wasn’t walking yesterday.

H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 22. We weren’t walking yesterday.

y˚TeTT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 23. You weren’t walking yesterday.

˙e⁄ ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 24. They weren’t walking yesterday.

yês¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 25. Boys weren’t walking yesterday.

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 26. He wasn’t walking yesterday.

n‘·qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 27. She wasn’t walking yesterday.

ÄyÓT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 28. It wasn’t walking yesterday.

n~ ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 29. Rama wasn’t walking yesterday.

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 30. Sita wasn’t walking yesterday.

d”‘· ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 114

31. Wasn’t I walking yesterday?

ìqï H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 32. Weren’t we walking yesterday?

ìqï y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 33. Weren’t you walking yesterday?

ìqï MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 34. Weren’t they walking yesterday?

ìqï yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 35. Weren’t boys walking yesterday?

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 36. Wasn’t he walking yesterday?

n‘·qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 37. Wasn’t she walking yesterday?

ÄyÓT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 38. Wasn’t it walking yesterday?

n~ ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 39. Wasn’t Rama walking yesterday?

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 40. Wasn’t Sita walking yesterday?

d”‘· ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 115

DAY-27 Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Generally used with since & for combinations)

H√{Ÿ: á ÁøÏ+<ä Ç∫Ãq yêø±´\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìøÏ 100 verbs ñ|üj÷Ó –+∫ yêø±´\qT ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç.

Note: 169e

1. I had been walking yesterday.

ìqï H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çì. 2. We had been walking yesterday.

ìqï y˚TeTT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T. 3. You had been walking yesterday.

ìqï MTs¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï]. 4. They had been walking yesterday.

yês¡T ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 5. Boys had been walking yesterday.

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 6. He had been walking yesterday.

n‘·&TÉ ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 7. She had been walking yesterday.

ÄyÓT ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 8. It had been walking yesterday.

n~ ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT.

116

9. Rama had been walking yesterday.

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 10. Sita had been walking yesterday.

d”‘· ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 11. Had I been walking yesterday?

ìqï H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê? 12. Had we been waling yesterday?

ìqï y˚TeTT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïe÷? 13. Had you been walking yesterday?

ìqï MTs¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïsê? 14. Had they been walking yesterday?

yês¡T ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 15. Had boys been walking yesterday?

u≤\Ts¡T ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 16. Had he been walking yesterday?

n‘·qT ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê? 17. Had she been walking yesterday?

ìqï ÄyÓT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 18. Had it been walking yesterday?

ìqï n~ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 19. Had Rama been walking yesterday?

ìqï sêeTT&ÉT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 117

20. Had Sita been walking yesterday?

ìqï d”‘· (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓHê? 21. I hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 22. We hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï y˚TeTT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 23. You hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï ˙e⁄ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 24. They hadn’t been walking yesterday.

yês¡T ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 25. Boys hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï u≤\Ts¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 26. He hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 27. She hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï ÄyÓT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 28. It hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï n~ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 29. Rama hadn’t been walking yesterday.

ìqï sêeTT&ÉT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 30. Sita hadn’t been walking yesterday.

d”‘· ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 118

31. Hadn’t I been walking yesterday?

ìqï H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 32. Hadn’t we been walking yesterday?

ìqï y˚TeTT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 33. Hadn’t you been walking yesterday?

ìqï MTs¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 34. Hadn’t they been walking yesterday?

ìqï yês¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 35. Hadn’t boys been walking yesterday?

ìqï u≤\Ts¡T (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 36. Hadn’t he been walking yesterday?

ìqï n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 37. Hadn’t she been walking yesterday?

ìqï ÄyÓT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 38. Hadn’t it been walking yesterday?

ìqï n~ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 39. Hadn’t Rama been walking yesterday?

sêeTT&ÉT ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 40. Hadn’t Sita been walking yesterday?

d”‘· ìqï (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 119

DAY – 28 Past Perfect Tense

H√{Ÿ: á ÁøÏ+<ä Ç∫Ãq yêø±´\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìøÏ 100 verbs ñ|üj÷Ó –+∫ yêø±´\qT ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç.

Note:173e

1. I had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êqT. 2. We had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êeTT 3. You had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ˙e⁄ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êe⁄. 4. They had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ yês¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ês¡T. 5. Boys had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ês¡T. 6. He had walked there before she came.

ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ê&ÉT. 7. She had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç∫+~. 8. It had walked there before he came. 120

9. Rama had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ê&ÉT. 10. Sita had walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT d”‘· nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç∫+~. 11. Had I walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êHê? 12. Had we walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êe÷? 13. Had you walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êsê? 14. Had they walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ yês¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êsê? 15. Had boys walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#êsê? 16. Had he walked there she came?

ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ê&Ü? 17. Had she walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç∫+<ë? 18. Had it walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n~ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç∫+<ë? 19. Had Rama walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç#ê&Ü? 121

20. Had Sita walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ d”‘· nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&ç∫+<ë? 21. I hadn’t walked there before he came.

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT ˙e⁄ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qTe#˚ÃeTT+<äT yês¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT n‘·&TÉ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT n‘·&TÉ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT n~ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ d”‘· nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò
31. Hadn’t I walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 32. Hadn’t we walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 33. Hadn’t you walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 34. Hadn’t they walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ yês¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 35. Hadn’t boys walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT u≤\Ts¡T nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 36. Hadn’t he walked there before she came?

ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ yÓfifl¯ ˝<Ò ë? 37. Hadn’t she walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 38. Hadn’t it walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n~ nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 39. Hadn’t Rama walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ sêeTT&ÉT nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 40. Hadn’t Sita walked there before he came?

n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ d”‘· nø£ÿ&É≈î£ q&Ée˝Ò<ë? 123

DAY-29 Passive Voice - Simple Past Tense H√{Ÿ: á ÁøÏ+<ä Ç∫Ãq yêø±´\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìøÏ 100 verbs ñ|üj÷Ó –+∫

yêø±´\qT ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç.

Note: 173e

1. I was advised yesterday.

ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 2. We were advised yesterday.

ìqï e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 3. You were advised yesterday.

ìqï MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 4. They were advised yesterday.

ìqï yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 5. Boys were advised yesterday.

u≤\Ts¡≈î£ ìqï dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 6. He was advised yesterday.

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 7. She was advised yesterday.

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 8. It was advised yesterday.

ìqï <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 124

9. Rama was advised yesterday.

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 10. Sita was advised yesterday.

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. 11. Was I advised yesterday?

ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 12. Were we advised yesterday?

ìqï e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 13. Were you advised yesterday?

ìqï MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 14. Were they advised yesterday?

ìqï yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 15. Were boys advised yesterday?

ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 16. Was he advised yesterday?

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 17. Was she advised yesterday?

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 18. Was it advised yesterday?

ìqï <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 19. Was Rama advised yesterday?

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 125

20. Was Sita advised yesterday?

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 21. I wasn’t advised yesterday.

ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï ÄyÓTøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
30. Sita wasn’t advised yesterday.

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò
ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 32. Weren’t we advised yesterday?

ìqï e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 33. Weren’t you advised yesterday?

ìqï MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 34. Weren’t they advised yesterday?

ìqï yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 35. Weren’t boys advised yesterday?

ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 36. Wasn’t he advised yesterday?

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 37. Wasn’t she advised yesterday?

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 38. Wasn’t it advised yesterday?

ìqï <ëìøÏø£ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 39. Wasn’t Rama advised yesterday?

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 40. Wasn’t Sita advised yesterday.

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 127

DAY-30 Passive Voice – Past Continuous Tense

H√{Ÿ: á ÁøÏ+<ä Ç∫Ãq yêø±´\˝Àì Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìøÏ 100 verbs ñ|üj÷Ó –+∫ yêø±´\qT ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£+&ç. ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç.

Note: 173e 1

I was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï Hê≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 2

We were being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï e÷≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 3

You were being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï MT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 4

They were being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï yê]øÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 5

Boys were being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 6

He was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 7

She was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 128

8

It was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï <ëìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 9

Rama was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 10 Sita was being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T. 11 Was I being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï Hê≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 12 Were we being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï e÷≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 13 Were you being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï MT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 14 Were they being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï yê]øÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 15 Were boys being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï u≤\Ts¡T á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 16 Was he being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï n‘·qT á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 17 Was she being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 18 Was it being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï <ëìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 129

19 Was Rama being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 20 Was Sita being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïsê? 21 I wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï Hê≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 22 We weren’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï e÷≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 23 You weren’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï MT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 24 They weren’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï yê]øÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 25 Boys weren’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë. 26 He wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time. `

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä .

27 She wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 28 It wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï <ëìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 29 Rama wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 130

30 Sita wasn’t being advised yesterday at that time.

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò Tä . 31 Wasn’t I being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï Hê≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 32 Weren’t we being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï e÷≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 33 Weren’t you being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï MT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 34 Weren’t they being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï yê]øÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 35 Weren’t boys being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï u≤\Ts¡≈î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 36 Wasn’t he being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï n‘·ìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 37 Wasn’t she being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï ÄyÓT≈£î á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 38 Wasn’t it being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï <ëìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 39 Wasn’t Rama being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï sêeTTìøÏ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 40 Wasn’t Sita being advised yesterday at that time?

ìqï d”‘≈· î£ á düeTj·T+˝À dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝<Ò ë? 131

DAY-31

PASSIVE VOICE – PAST PERFECT TENSE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç.

Note: 173e 1

I have been advised yesterday morning before came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 2

We had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 3

You had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 4

They had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 5

Boys had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 6

He had been advised yesterday morning before you came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 7

She had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 8

It had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 9

Rama had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 132

10

Sita had been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚ÃXÊs¡T. 11

Had I been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 12

Had we been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 13

Had you been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 14

Had they been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 15

Had boys been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ u≤\Ts¡T e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 16

Had he been advised yesterday morning before she came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 17

Had she been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 18

Had it been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 19

Had Rama been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ sêeTT&ÉT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 20

Had Sita been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? 133

21

I hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 22

We hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 23

You hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 24

They hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 25

Boys hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 26

He hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before she came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 27

She hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 28

It hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 29

Rama hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 30

Sita hadn’t been advised yesterday morning before he came.

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. 31

Hadn’t I been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 134

32

Hadn’t we been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 33

Hadn’t you been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 34

Hadn’t they been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 35

Hadn’t boys been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 36

Hadn’t he been advised yesterday morning before she came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 37

Hadn’t he been advised yesterday morning before she came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 38

Hadn’t it been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 39

Hadn’t Rama been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 40

Hadn’t Sita been advised yesterday morning before he came?

ìqï ñ<äj·T+ n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<äT d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 135

DAY-32 ACTIVE VOICE – SIMPLE FUTURE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 169e 1.

I will walk tomorrow.

2.

We will walk tomorrow.

3.

You will walk tomorrow.

4.

They will walk tomorrow.

5.

Boys will walk tomorrow.

6.

He will walk tomorrow.

7.

She will walk tomorrow

8.

It will walk tomorrow.

9.

Rama will walk tomorrow.

10. Sita will walk tomorrow. 11. Shall I walk tomorrow? 12. Shall we walk tomorrow? 13. Will you walk tomorrow? 14. Will they walk tomorrow? 15. Will boys walk tomorrow? 16. Will he walk tomorrow? 17. Will she walk tomorrow? 18. Will it walk tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&ÉTkÕÔeTT. πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+~. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ n‘·&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? 136

19. Will Rama walk tomorrow? 20. Will Sita walk tomorrow 21. I won’t walk tomorrow. 22. We won’t walk tomorrow. 23. You won’t walk tomorrow. 24. They won’t walk tomorrow. 25. Boys won’t walk tomorrow. 26. He won’t walk tomorrow. 27. She won’t walk tomorrow. 28. It won’t walk tomorrow. 29. Rama won’t walk tomorrow. 30. Sita won’t walk tomorrow. 31. Won’t I walk tomorrow? 32. Won’t we walk tomorrow? 33. Won’t you walk tomorrow? 34. Won’t they walk tomorrow? 35. Won’t boys walk tomorrow? 36. Won’t he walk tomorrow? 37. Won’t she walk tomorrow? 38. Won’t it walk tomorrow? 39. Won’t Rama walk tomorrow? 40. Won’t Sita walk tomorrow? 137

πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdüTÔ+<ë? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉeqT. πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&ÉeeTT. πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&Ées¡T. πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&Ées¡T. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&Ées¡T. πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&Ée&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&Ée<äT. πs|ü⁄ n~ q&Ée<äT. πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&Ée<äT. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉeHê? πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&Éee÷? πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&Éesê? πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&Éesê? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&Éesê? πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&Ée&Ü? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&Ée<ë? πs|ü⁄ n~ q&Ée<ë? πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&Ée&Ü? πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&Ée<ë?

DAY-33 FUTURE CONTINUOUS SENTENCES (WITH TIME FACTOR 'AT THIS TIME' TO THE EVERY GIVEN SENTENCE)

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-1 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 169e 1.

I will be walking tomorrow.(at this time) πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.

2.

We will be walking tomorrow.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT. You will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. They will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. Boys will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. He will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ n‘·&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. She will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. It will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. Rama will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. Sita will be walking tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. Will you be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? Will they be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? Will boys be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤sê? Will he be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? Will she be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? Will it be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? Will Rama be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&Ü? Will Sita be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+<ë? 138

19. I won’t be walking tomorrow. 20. We won’t be walking tomorrow. 21. You won’t be walking tomorrow. 22. They won’t be walking tomorrow. 23. Boys won’t be walking tomorrow. 24. He won’t be waking tomorrow. 25. She won’t be walking tomorrow. 26. It won’t be walking tomorrow. 27. Rama won’t be walking tomorrow. 28. Sita won’t be walking tomorrow. 29. Won’t I be walking tomorrow? 30. Won’t we be walking tomorrow? 31. Won’t you be walking tomorrow? 32. Won’t they be walking tomorrow? 33. Won’t boys be walking tomorrow? 34. Won’t he be walking tomorrow? 35. Won’t she be walking tomorrow? 36. Won’t it be walking tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT. πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉeTT. πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&És¡T. πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&ÉT. πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<äT. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê? πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ée÷? πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? πs|ü⁄ yês¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&Ésê? πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë? πs|ü⁄ n~ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë?

37. Won’t Rama be walking tomorrow?πs|ü⁄ 38. Won’t Sita be waking tomorrow?

139

sêeTT&ÉT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É&Ü? πs|ü⁄ d”‘· q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É<ë?

DAY–34 FUTURE PERFECT SENTENCES

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 173e 1.

I will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ H˚qT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤qT. 2.

We will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time .

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ y˚TeTT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤eTT. 3.

You will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MTs¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 4.

They will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yês¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 5.

Boys will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 6.

He will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·qT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤&ÉT. 7.

She will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+≥T+~. 8.

It will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n~ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+≥T+~. 9.

Rama will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&ÉT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+{≤&ÉT. 140

10. Sita will have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘· 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç#˚dæ e⁄+≥T+~. 11. Will you have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MTs¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+{≤sê? 12. Will they have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yês¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+{≤sê? 13. Will boys have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+{≤sê? 14. Will he have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·qT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+{≤&Ü? 15. Will she have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+≥T+<ë? 16. Will it have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n~ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+≥T+<ë? 17. Will Rama have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&ÉT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+{≤&Ü? 18. Will Sita have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘· 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+≥T+<ë? 19. I won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ H˚qT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&ÉqT. 20. We won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ y˚TeTT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&ÉeTT. 141

21. You won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MTs¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&És¡T. 22. They won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yês¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&És¡T. 23. Boys won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡T 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&És¡T. 24. He won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·&ÉT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É&ÉT. 25. She won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<äT. 26. It won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n~ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<äT. 27. Rama won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&ÉT 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É&ÉT. 28. Sita won’t have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘· 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<äT. 29. Won’t I have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ H˚qT á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&ÉHê? 30. Won’t we have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&Ée÷? 31. Won’t you have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ MTs¡T á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&Ésê? 142

32. Won’t they have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ yês¡T á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&Ésê? 33. Won’t boys have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡T á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&Ésê? 34. Won’t he have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É&Ü? 35. Won’t she have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<ë? 36. Won’t it have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ n~ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<ë? 37. Won’t Rama have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ sêeTT&ÉT á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É&Ü? 38. Won’t Sita have walked 10 miles tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ d”‘· á düeTj·÷ìøÏ 10 yÓTÆfi¯ófl q&ç∫ e⁄+&É<ë?

143

DAY-35 PASSIVE VOICE – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 173e 1.

I will be advised tomorrow.

2.

We will be advised tomorrow.

3.

You will be advised tomorrow.

4.

They will be advised tomorrow.

5.

Boys will be advised tomorrow.

6.

He will be advised tomorrow.

7.

She will be advised tomorrow.

8.

It will be advised tomorrow.

9.

Rama will be advised tomorrow.

10. Sita will be advised tomorrow. 11. Shall I be advised tomorrow? 12. Shall we be advised tomorrow? 13. Will you be advised tomorrow? 14. Will they be advised tomorrow? 15. Will boys be advised tomorrow? 16. Will he be advised tomorrow? 17. Will she be advised tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? 144

19. Will Rama be advised tomorrow? 20. Will Sita be advised tomorrow? 21. I won’t be advised tomorrow. 22. We won’t be advised tomorrow. 23. You won’t be advised tomorrow. 24. They won’t be advised tomorrow. 25. Boys won’t be advised tomorrow. 26. He won’t be advised tomorrow. 27. She won’t be advised tomorrow. 28. It won’t be advised tomorrow. 29. Rama won’t be advised tomorrow. 30. Sita won’t be advised tomorrow. 31. Won’t I be advised tomorrow? 32. Won’t we be advised tomorrow? 33. Won’t you be advised tomorrow? 34. Won’t they be advised tomorrow? 35. Won’t boys be advised tomorrow? 36. Won’t he be advised tomorrow? 37. Won’t she be advised tomorrow? 38. Won’t it be advised tomorrow? 39. Won’t Rama be advised tomorrow? 40. Won’t Sita be advised tomorrow? 145

πs|ü⁄ sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ sêeTTìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê? πs|ü⁄ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?

DAY-36 PASSIVE VOICE – FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

ù|J˝ÀqTqï Table-3 ˝Àì 100 verbs rdüTø=ì á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\e˝… yêø±´\qT ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£+&ç. Note: 173e 1.

I will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 2.

We will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 3.

You will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 4.

They will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 5.

Boys will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 6.

He will have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 7.

She will have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 8.

It will have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 9.

Rama will have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&çøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 10. Sita will have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤s¡T. 11. Shall I have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 12. Shall we have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê?

146

13. Will you have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 14. Will they have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 15. Will boys have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 16. Will he have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 17. Will she have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 18. Will it have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 19. Will Rama have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&çøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 20. Will Sita have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#˚Ãdæ e⁄+{≤sê? 21. I won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 22. We won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 23. You won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 24. They won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 25. Boys won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 26. He won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 147

27. She won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 28. It won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 29. Rama won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&çøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 30. Sita won’t have been advised tomorrow by this time.

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&És¡T. 31. Won’t I have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 32. Won’t we have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ e÷≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 33. Won’t you have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ MT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 34. Won’t they have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ yê]øÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 35. Won’t boys have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ u≤\Ts¡≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 36. Won’t he have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 37. Won’t she have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ ÄyÓT≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 38. Won’t it have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ <ëìøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 39. Won’t Rama have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ sêeTT&çøÏ dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 40. Won’t Sita have been advised tomorrow by this time?

πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ d”‘·≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à e⁄+&Ésê? 148

DAY-37 PRESENT TENSE (Active Voice & Passive Voice)

H√{Ÿ: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£e˝…qT. ACTIVE VOICE 1. I walk. 2.

Do I walk?

3.

I don’t walk.

4.

Don’t I walk?

5.

He walks.

6.

Does he walk?

7.

He doesn’t walk.

8.

Doesn’t he walk?

9.

I am walking.

10. Am I walking? 11. I am not walking. 12. Am I not walking? 13. I have (I’ve) walked. 14. Have I walked? 15. I haven’t walked. 16. Haven’t I walked? 17. He has (He’s) walked. 18. Has he walked? 19. He hasn’t walked. 149

H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔHê? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉeqT. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉeHê? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée&ÉT. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée&Ü? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñHêïqT. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<äT. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&ÉT. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&Ü? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<äT.

n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée˝Ò<ë? I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚e⁄HêïqT. Have I been walking?H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ e⁄HêïHê? I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT. Haven’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ ˝Ò<ë? He has been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT. Has he been walking? n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü? He hasn’t been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<äT. Hasn’t he been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+˝Ò<ë?

20. Hasn’t he walked? 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

PASSIVE FORMS 29. I am advised. 30. Am I blamed? 31. I am not advised? 32. Am I not advised? 33. I am being advised. 34. Am I being advised? 35. I am not being advised. 36. Am I not being advised? 37. I have been advised. 38. Have I been advised? 39. I haven’t been advised. 40. Haven’t I been advised?

Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. qqTï (ás√Eq) <ä÷wæ+#êsê? Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? 150

PAST TENSE`uÛÑ÷‘·ø±\eTT ACTIVE VOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

H˚qT q&ç#êqT. Did I walk? H˚qT q&ç#êHê? I didn’t walk. H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Didn’t I walk? H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? He walked. n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT. Did he walk? n‘·qT q&ç#ê&Ü? He didn’t walk. n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<äT. Didn’t he walk? n‘·qT q&Ée˝Ò<ë? I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. Was I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê? I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. I had walked befor he came. n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&ç#êqT. Had I walked before he came? n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&ç#êHê? I walked.

15. I hadn’t walked before he came. n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&Ée˝Ò
H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT.

PASSIVE VOICE

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô) ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? I was advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Was I advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃ#·sê? I wasn’t advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t I advised? Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë? I was being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. Was I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. I wasn’t being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<äT. Wasn’t I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É˝Ò<ë? I had been advised. Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T. Had I been advised? Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê? I hadn’t been advised. Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<äT. Hadn’t I been advised? Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe«˝Ò<ë?

20. Hadn’t I been walking? 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

FUTURE TENSE ACTIVE VOICE 1.

I shall walk.

2.

Shall I walk?

3.

I won’t walk.

4.

Won’t I walk?

5.

I will be walking.

H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? H˚qT q&ÉeqT. H˚qT q&ÉeHê? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT. 152

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT. Won’t I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê? I shall have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ñ+{≤qT. Shall I have walked? H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ ñ+{≤Hê? I won’t have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ñ+&ÉqT. Won’t I have walked? H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ ñ+&ÉHê? I will have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT. Will I have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê? I won’t have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT. Won’t I have been walking? H˚qT q&ÉiTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?

Will I be walking?

PASSIVE VOICE 17. I shall be advised. 18. Shall I be advised? 19. I won’t be advised? 20. Won’t I be advised?

Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T. Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê? Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T. Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?

21. I shall have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤s¡T. 22. Shall I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+{≤sê?

23. I won’t have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü\Vü‰ Ç∫à ñ+&ÉsT¡ . 24. Won’t I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{Ïø)Ï dü˝≤ Ç∫à ñ+&ÉsT¡ . 153

DAY-38

H√{Ÿ: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|’øÏ |ü\ø£e˝…qT. PRESENT TENSE 1.

He speaks English.

2.

Does he speak English?

3.

He doesn’t speak English.

4.

Doesn’t he speak English.

5.

I am selling fruits.

6.

Am I selling fruits.

7.

He isn’t selling fruits.

8.

Isn’t he selling fruits?

9.

He has written a letter.

10. Has he written a letter? 11. He hasn’t written a letter. 12. Hasn’t he written a letter? 13. Rama has been living there for two years. 14. Has Rama been living there for two years. 15. Rama hasn’t been living there for two years. 16. Hasn’t Rama been living there for two years. 154

PAST TENSE 17. He killed the dog. 18. Did he kill the dog? 19. He did not (didn’t) kill the dog. 20. Didn’t he kill the dog? 21. He was listening to the song. 22. Was he listening to the song? 23. He wasn’t listening to the song. 24. Wasn’t he listening to the song? 25. He had finished the work. 26. Had he finished the work? 27. He hadn’t finished the work. 28. Hadn’t he finished the work? 29. He had been living there for two years. 30. Had he been living there for two years? 31. He hadn’t been living there for two years. 32. Hadn’t he been living there for two years. 155

FUTURE TENSE 33. He will read the novel. 34. Will he read the novel? 35. He won’t read the novel. 36. Won’t he read the novel? 37. He will be beating a rogue. 38. Will he be beating a rogue? 39. He won’t be beating a rogue. 40. Won’t he be beating a rogue? 41. He will have taught the students. 42. Will he have taught the students? 43. He won’t have taught the students. 44. Won’t he have taught the students? 45. He will have been living there for two years. 46. Will he have been living there for two years. 47. He won’t have been living there for two years. 48. Won’t he have been living there for two years.

156

DAY - 39 SENTENCES WITH QUESTION WORDS

H√{Ÿ: Á|ü‹ yêø£´eTTqT s¬ +&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ ô|ø’ Ï |ü\ø£e˝…qT. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Hê eè‹Ô @$T{Ï? I am a teacher. H˚qT ˇø£ ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉqT. What are you? MT eè‹Ô @$T{Ï? You are a scientist. MTs¡T ˇø£ XÊgE„&TÉ . What is he? n‘·ì eè‹Ô @$T{Ï? He is a tailor. n‘·ì ˇø£ <äØy® ê&ÉT. Why are you coming here? m+<äT≈£î MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É≈î£ edüTH Ô êïs¡T? Why are they living there? m+<äT≈£î yês¡T nø£ÿ&É ìedædTü H Ô êïs¡T? Where are you? MT¬sø£ÿ&É ñHêïs¡T? Where is he working? n‘·qT mø£ÿ&É |üì#˚dTü HÔ êï&ÉT? Where are they going now? yês¡T Ç|ü&ÉT mø£ÿ&É≈î£ yÓfió¯ H Ô êïs¡T? When do you come here? MTs¡T Çø£ÿ&É≈î£ m|ü&ÉT ekÕÔsT¡ ? When is she taking her exam?ÄyÓT m|ü&ÉT ‘·q |üØø£å ÁyêdüTq Ô ï~? How are you? m˝≤ ñHêïs¡T? How does he come there? n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É m˝≤ ø£\TkÕÔ&TÉ ? What am I?

16. How much money do you take?

m+‘· &ÉãT“ MTs¡T rdüT≈£î+{≤s¡T? 157

17. How much work have you completed till now?

Ç+‘· es¡≈î£ qTe⁄« m+‘· |üì |üP]Ô #˚XÊe⁄? 18. How far is your house from this place?

Çø£ÿ&ÉqT+&ç MT Ç\T¢ m+‘· <ä÷s¡+˝À e⁄qï~? 19. How long do you sleep, please get up?

m+‘·ùd|ü⁄ ˙e⁄ ìÁ<ä b˛‘êe⁄? ˝Ò. 20. How many children do you have?

MT≈£î m+‘·eT+~ |æ\\¢ T? 21. How many books did you borrow from our library?

eTq ˝…Á’ ãØ qT+&ç mìï |ü⁄düøÔ ±\qT n|ü rdüT≈£îHêïe⁄? 22. What kind of article is this?

á edüTeÔ ⁄ @ s¡øe£ TT? 23. What kind of job do you have in America?

nyÓT]ø±˝À ˙≈£î @ s¡øy£ TÓ qÆ ñ<√´>∑eTT ñ+~? 24. What type of person is he?

n‘·qT @ s¡øe£ TT eTìwæ? 25. What sort of answer is this?

Ç~ @ s¡øy£ TÓ qÆ düe÷<ÛëqeTT? 26. Learn either French or German.

»s¡àHé ø±˙ Áô|+ò #Y ø±˙ H˚sT¡ Ãø√. 158

27. The fruit is neither sweet nor good looking.

Ä |ü+&ÉT s¡T∫>± ˝Ò±˝Ò
Hê≈£î ÁøÏø¬ {Ÿ, Vü‰ø° s¬ +&É÷ Çwüyº T˚ . 29. Though he is rich, yet he is unhappy.

n‘·qT <Ûqä e+‘·T&Óq’ qT dü+‘√wüeTT>± ˝Ò&TÉ . 30. I do not care whether you come or go.

˙e⁄ e∫ÃHê düsπ , sê≈£îqïq÷ düsπ , Hê≈£î ∫+‘·˝<Ò Tä . 31. I like not only Cricket , but also Hockey.

Hê≈£î ÁøÏø¬ {Ÿ e÷Á‘·yT˚ ø±ø£, Vü‰ø° nìHê ≈£L&Ü Çwüyº T˚ 32. How long = time, duration How far = place, distance Ex: 1. It is a long way from here to there. 2. It is not far from here to there. 3. Is it far from here to theree?

159

DAY-40 ACTIVE VOICE - PASSIVE VOICE

ø£s¡Ô] Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT ` ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT Active Voice :

ø£s¡Ô (Subject)‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq yêø£´eTT. Bìj·T+<äT ø£s¡Ô (Subject) @ |üì #˚j·TT#·Tqï<√, Ä |üìπø yêø£´eTTq ÁbÕ<Ûëq´eTT Çe«ã&ÉTqT.

Passive Voice:

ø£s¡Ô (Object)‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛyÑ TÓ qÆ yêø£´eTT. ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ªqqTïª ˝Òø£ ªHê≈£îµ˝≤+{Ï ~«rj·T $ãøÏÔ |ü± qT+&ÉTqT. Bìj·T+<äT Object <˚ìì bı+<äT#·Tqï<√ #Ó|üŒã&ÉTqT.

Voice

: Subject #˚ùd

|üìì ‘Ó*ù| verb form. ˝Ò<ë Subject≈£î @yÓTÆHê »]–q#√, <ëìì ‘Ó*j·TCÒùd Verb form.

Active Voice qT+&ç Passive Voice q≈£î

1.

2.

yêø£´eTT\T e÷πs≥|ü&ÉT

ø£*π> e÷s¡TŒ\T Active voice qT+&ç Passive Voice q≈£î ˇø£ yêø£´eTT e÷]q|ü&ÉT, Ä yêø£´eTT˝Àì Verb q≈£î V3 (Past Participle) form e#·TÃqT. ø=ìï dü+<äsꓤ\˝À subject me«s√ #Ó|üŒe\dæq nedüs¡+ ñ+&É<äT. n˝≤+{Ï düeTj·÷\˝À Passive Voice ñ|üjÓ÷–+‘·Ts¡T. ñ<ë: 1. Pakistani ship was wrecked. 2. The temple was built long ago. 160

3.

4.

ø=ìï dü+<äsꓤ\˝À verb jÓTTø£ÿ s¡÷|üeTT Passive Voice ˝À e˝Ò ñ +&çqqT n~ Passive Voice ø±<äT. ñ<ë: Rama is gone. Çø£ÿ&É is gone nH˚~ passive voice >±<äT. 'go'≈£î past participle j˚T gone. 'go' nqTq~ intransitive verb. 'go'≈£î object ˝Ò<äT. n+<äTø£ì Bìø passive voice ˝Ò<äT. ø=ìï düø£s¡àø£ ÁøÏj·T\ (transitive verbs) jÓTTø£ÿ s¡÷|üeTT active voice s¡ ÷ |ü e TTq+<ä T qïqT yê{Ï ì passive voice ˝À e˝Ò ñ |üjÓ÷–+‘·Ts¡T. ñ<ë: 1. Rose smells sweet (is sweet when it is smelt) 2. Mango tastes fine (is fine when tasted)

5.

Active Voice ˝Àì subject, passive voice ˝À object >±

e÷s¡TqT. eT]j·TT active voice ˝Àì object, passive voice ˝À subject >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~. n+fÒ subject, object >±qT, object, subject >±qT e÷s¡T‘·T+~. ñ<ë: Rama killed Ravana (AV) (Subject)

(Object)

Ravana was killed by Rama

6.

düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T (be) am, are, is was, were, been, being qT main verb eTT+<äT ñ+#ê*. ñ<ë: He gave me a biscuit (AV) I was given a biscuit by him.

7.

Active Voice ˝Àì subject ‘·s¡Tyê‘· 'by' ì

ñ<ë: 161

#˚sêÃ*.

Arjuna killed Karna (AV) Karna was killed by Arjuna (P.V.)

8.

Active voice ˝Àì 12 tenses ˝À

e÷s¡‘êsTT.

8 e÷Á‘·y˚T passive voice ˝ÀìøÏ

(1) Future continuous tense, (2) Present Perfect

Continuous Tense (3) Past Perfect Continuous Tense, (4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense ˝ÀìøÏ

9.

e÷s¡‘êsTT.

nqT yêø£´eTT\T ˝À ˝Òe⁄. Active Voice ˝À imperative sentence ñqï≥¢sTT‘˚ Ä yêø£´eTT passive voice ˝À 'Let' ‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTÚ‘·T+~. ñ<ë:1. Close the door (AV) Let the door be closed (PV) Open the window (AV)

2.

Let the window be opened (PV)

10.

Subject ˝Òì

yêø£´eTTqT imperative sentence nì n+<äTs¡T. Ç~ ordering (command) >± >±ì ˝Òø£ request s¡÷|ü+˝À >±ì ñ+≥T+~. ñ<ë: 1. Speak the truth (AV) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

You are addvised to speak the truth (PV) Bring the chair (AV) You are ordered to bring the chair (PV) Shut the door (AV) Let the door be shut (PV) Bring coffee (PV) Let coffee be brought (PV) Sing a song (AV) Let a song be sung (PV) Come here (AV) You are ordered to come here (PV) Go there (AV) You are ordered to go there (PV) Sing, please (AV) You are requested to sing (PV) 162

9.

Look here, please (AV) You are requested to look here (PV)

11.

Active voice ˝Àì

Á|üX¯ï do, does or did ‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆ‘˚, passive voice ˝Àì Á|üX¯ï as, is, are ‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTe⁄‘·T+~. ñ<ë: 1. Do you take tea? (AV) Is tea taken by you? (PV) 2.

Did you write a letter? (AV) Was the letter written by you?(PV)

12.

˝Àì when, how ˝≤+{Ï question words eùdÔ, Passive Voice ˝À ≈£L&Ü n<˚ $<Ûä+>± Á|üX¯ï edüTÔ+~. ñ<ë: 1. When do you eat food (AV) Active voice

Where is food eaten by you? (PV) 2.

How did you kill her? (AV) How was she killed by you? (PV)

13.

Active voice ˝Àì

Á|üX¯ï 'who' ‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆ‘˚ Passive Voice ˝À 'by whom' ‘√ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTÚ‘·T+~. ñ<ë: 1. Who writes this book? (AV) By whom is this book written? (PV) 2.

Who told her? (AV) By whom was she told? (PV)

14. á ÁøÏ+~ phrases ‘√ with, to, at \qT yê&Ü*. 'by' yê&Ésê<äT. ñ<ë: 1. Please with 2. 163

Satisfied with

1.

3.

Disgusted with

4.

Annoyed at

5.

Vexed at (with)

6.

Known to

7.

Crowded with

8.

Interested in

The boy's work pleased the teacher. (AV) The teacher was pleased with the boy's work (PV)

2.

He satisfied his master (AV) His master was satisfied with him (PV)

3.

I know you (AV) You are known to me (PV)

4.

You knew him (AV) He was known to you (PV)

5.

Passengers crowded the bus (AV) The bus was crowded with the passengers (PV)

6.

His behaviour annoys me (AV) I am annoyed at his behaviour (PV)

7.

He vexed Ravi (AV) Ravi was vexed at him (PV)

8.

This interests me (AV) I am interested in that (PV)

9.

People throng the street (AV) The streets are thronged with the people (PV) 164

15.

Active voice Á|üX¯ï

s¡÷|ü+˝À ñ+&çq#√ Passive voice ≈£L&É Á|üX¯ï s¡÷|ü+˝À ñ+&Ü*. nq>± helping verb qT yêø£´eTT yÓTT<äfÒ Áyêj·÷*. ñ<ë: Was he doing the job (AV) Was the job being done by him?(PV)

16. ˇø=ÿø£ÿkÕ] ¬s+&ÉT \T ≈£L&Ü ñ+&ÉTqT. ñ<ë: He gives me sub

17.

verb

a book

obj1

obj2

Active voice qT+&ç Passive voice >± pronouns á

e÷s¡TqT. Nouns e÷Á‘·y˚T e÷s¡e⁄. ACTIVE

1)

I

1)

me

2)

We

2)

Us

3)

You

3)

You

4)

They

4)

Then

5)

Boys

5)

Boys

6)

He

6)

Him

7)

She

7)

Her

8)

It

8)

It

9)

Rama

9)

Rama

10) Sita 165

PASSIVE

10) Sita

ÁøÏ+~ $<Ûä+>±

18.

'Be' \˝À 'be' form

>± e÷s¡T#·Tqï<√ >∑eTì+#·+&ç.

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Shall

Shall be

Would

Would be

Will

Will be

Could

Could be

May

May be

Need

Need be

Might

Might be

To

To be

Must

Must be

Let

Let be

Can

Can be

Ought to

Ought to be

Dare

Dare be

Used to

Used to be

Should

Should be

Who

By whom

Must

Had it

19. been/be e#˚Ã

$<ÛëqeTT

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

have

have been

has

has been

had

had been

will have

wil have been

have to

have to be

has to

has to be

had to

had to be

will have to

will have to be

would have to

would have to be 166

20.

Verb + be form ø£\dæ

á ÁøÏ+~ $<Ûä+>± e#·TÃqT.

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Advise (V1)

am advised (V3) are advised (V3)

Advises (V1)

is advised (V3)

Advised (V2)

was advised (V3) were advised (V3)

Will advise

will be advised (V3)

advising

being advised (V3)

have addvised (V3)

have been advised (V3)

has advised (V3)

has bee advised (V3)

Will have advised (V3)

will have been advised (V3)

had advised

had been addvised (V3)

21. Passive voice ˝À 1.

e#˚Ã Sentences.

Rama loves Sita (AV) Sita is loved by Rama (PV)

2.

Rama is loving Sita (AV) Sita is being loved by Rama (PV)

3.

Rama will love Sita (AV) Sita will be loved by Rama (PV)

4.

Rama loved Sita (AV) Sita was loved by Rama (PV)

5.

Rama was loving Sita (AV) Sita was being loved by Rama (PV)

167

6.

Rama has loved Sita (AV) Sita has been loved by Rama (PV)

7.

Rama had loved Sita (AV) Sita had been loved by Rama (PV)

8.

Rama will have loved Sita (AV) Sita will have been loved by Rama (PV)

22. Order of Command

\+<äT á ÁøÏ+~ $<Ûä>± yêø£´eTT\T

ñ+&ÉTqT. 1.

Shut the door (AV) Let the door be shut (PV)

2.

Bring Coffee (AV) Let coffee be brought (PV)

3.

Sing a song (AV) Let a song be sing (PV)

4.

Come here (AV) You are ordered to come here (PV)

5.

Go there (AV) You are ordered to go thee (PV)

Request: 6.

Sing, please (AV) You are requested to sing (PV) 168

TABLE-1 ACTIVE VOICE - VERBS (100) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 169

Add Advise Agree Accept Absent Attend Bathe Bury Bring Beat Bite Believe Come Call Curse Crush

ø£\T|ü⁄ dü\Vü‰ì#·Tà ˇ|üø=qT düeTà‹+#·T Vü‰»s¡Tø±ø£b˛e⁄

Vü‰»s¡>T∑ kÕïqeTT#˚j·TT bÕ‹ô|≥Tº rdüTø=ìe#·Tà ø=≥Tº ø£s¡#·T qeTTà s¡eTTà |æ\T#·T X¯|æ+#·T q\>∑>=≥Tº Congratulate n_Ûq+~+#·T Drink Á‘ê>∑T Dig Á‘·e⁄« Do #˚j·TT dream ø£\>∑qT Doubt dü+<˚Væ≤+#·T Eat ‹qT Encourage Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#·T Enjoy Äq+~+#·T

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

Fight Fill Fly Forget Fear Go Give Guess Gain Greet Hang Hold Invite Irritate Imitate Intimate Jump Know Kick Kill Look Leave Lead Like Laugh

b˛{≤¢&ÉT ì+|ü⁄ m>∑Ts¡T eTs¡∫b˛e⁄ uÛÑj·T|ü&ÉT yÓfi¯ófl Ç#·Tà }Væ≤+#·T ˝≤uÛÑeTTbı+<äT n_Ûq+~+#·T Áy˚˝≤&ÉT |ü≥Tºø=qT ÄVü‰«ì+#·T ø√|üeTTø£*Z+#·T nqTø£]+#·T ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT <ä÷≈£î ‘Ó\TdüTø=qT ‘·qTï #·+|ü⁄ #·÷&ÉT $&ç∫ô|≥Tº <ë]#·÷|ü⁄ Çwüº|ü&ÉT qe⁄«

51.

Live

52.

Love

53.

Marry

54.

Promise

55.

Pay

56.

Prove

57.

Pain

58.

Prepare

59.

Push

60.

Preserve

61.

Read

62.

Run

63.

Respect

64.

Rend

65.

Sit

66.

Stand

67.

Speak

68.

Sleep

69.

Spend

70.

Sell

71.

Sing

72.

Shake

73.

Steal

74.

Send

75.

Smell

ìedæ+#·T Áù|$T+#·T ô|[fl#˚düTø=ì yê>±›q+#˚j·TT #Ó*¢+#·T ìs¡÷|æ+#·T u≤<Ûä|ü&ÉT ‘·j·÷s¡T#˚j·TT >¬ +≥T C≤Á>∑‘·Ô#˚j·TT #·<äTe⁄ |üs¡T¬>‘·TÔ >ös¡$+#·T N\Tà ≈£Ls=ÃqT ì\ã&ÉT e÷{≤¢&ÉT ìÁ~+#·T Ks¡TÃ#˚j·TT neTTà bÕ&ÉT ø£<ä\Tà <=+>∑*+#·T |ü+|ü⁄ yêdüq#·÷#·T

76.

Sweep

77.

Say

78.

Seek

‘·T&ÉT#·T #Ó|ü yÓ<ä≈£î

79.

Swear

Á|üe÷D+#˚j·TT

80.

Swim

81.

Study

82.

Show

83.

Start

84.

Starve

85.

Take

86.

Throw

87.

Teach

88.

Think

89.

Tell

90.

Train

91.

Try

92.

Understand

93.

Write

94.

Walk

95.

Wash

96.

Win

97.

Wear

98.

Want

99.

Warn

á<äT #·<äTe⁄ #·÷ô|≥Tº ãj·T\T<˚s¡T Äø£*‘√e⁄+&ÉT rdüTø=qT $dæ]y˚j·TT uÀ~Û+#·T Ä˝À∫+#·T #Ó|ü •ø£åDì#·Tà Á|üj·T‹ï+#·T ns¡ú+#˚düTø=qT Áyêj·TT q&ÉTe⁄ ø£&ÉT>∑T ¬>\T#·T <Ûä]+#·T ø√s¡T ôV≤#·Ã]+#·T ø£+>±s¡T|ü&ÉT

100. Worry

170

TABLE-2 PAST TENSE- VERBS (100) 1. added 2. advised 3. agreed 4. accepted 5. absented 6. attended 7. bathed 8. buried 9. brought 10. beat 11. bit 12. believed 13. came 14. called 15. cursed 16. crushed 17. congratulated 18. drank 19. dug 20. did 21. dreamt 22. doubted 23. ate 24. encouraged 25. enjoyed 171

ø£*ô|qT dü\Vü‰ì#ÓÃqT ˇ|üø=HÓqT düeTà‹+#ÓqT Vü‰»s¡Tø±˝Ò∑>=f…qº T n_Ûq+~+#ÓqT Á‘ê¬>qT Á‘·y«Ó qT #˚ôdqT ø£\>∑HqÓ T dü+<˚V≤æ +#ÓqT ‹HÓqT Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ÓqT Äq+~+#ÓqT

26. fought 27. filled 28. flew 29. forgot 30. feared 31. went 32. gave 33. guessed 34. gained 35. greeted 36. hung/hanged 37. held 38. invited 39. irritated 40. imitated 41. intimated 42. jumped 43. knew 44. kicked 45. killed 46. looked 47. left 48. led 49. liked 50. laughed

b˛{≤¢&qÓ T ì+ô|qT m–¬sqT eT]∫b˛jÓTqT uÛj Ñ T· |ü&qÓ T yÓfiflË qT Ç#ÓÃqT }Væ≤+#ÓqT ˝≤uÛeÑ TTbı+<ÓqT n_Ûq+~+#ÓqT Áy˚˝≤&ÓqT |ü≥Tºø=HÓqT ÄVü‰«ì+#ÓqT ø√|üeTT ø£*–+#ÓqT nqTø£]+#ÓqT ‘Ó*j·TCÒôdqT <ä÷ø¬ qT ‘Ó*dæø=HÓqT ‘·HïÓ qT #·+ô|qT #·÷ôdqT $&ç∫ô|f…qº T <ëë]#·÷ô|qT Çwü|º &ü qÓ T qyÓ«qT

51. lived 52. loved 53. married 54. promised 55. paid 56. proved 57. pained 58. prepared 59. pushed 60. preserved 61. read 62. ran 63. respected 64. rent 65. sat 66. stood 67. spoke 68. slept 69. spent 70. sold 71. sang 72. shook 73. stole 74. sent 75. smelt

ìedæ+#ÓqT Áù|$T+#ÓqT ô|[fl#d˚ Tü ø=HÓqT yê>±›qeTT #˚ôdqT #Ó*+¢ #ÓqT ìs¡÷|æ+#ÓqT u≤<Û|ä &ü qÓ T ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚ôdqT >¬ +f…qT C≤Á>∑‘#Ô· ô˚ dqT #·~yÓqT |üsT¡ >¬ ‘ÓqÔ T >ös¡$+#ÓqT N˝…ÃqT ≈£Ls=ÃHÓqT ì\ã&ÓqT eT÷{≤¢&qÓ T ìÁ~+#ÓqT Ks¡TÃ#˚ôdqT nyÓTàqT bÕ&ÓqT ø£<˝ä Ã… qT <=+–*+#ÓqT |ü+ô|qT yêdüq#·÷ôdqT

76. swept 77. said 78. sought 79. swore 80. swam 81. studied 82. showed 83. started 84. starved 85. took 86. threw 87. taught 88. thought 89. told 90. trained 91. tried 92. understood 93. wrote 94. walked 95. washed 96. won 97. wore 98. wanted 99. warned 100.worried

‘·T&ç#qÓ T #Óô|ŒqT yÓ~ø¬ qT Á|üe÷DeTT #˚ôdqT á<ÓqT #·~yÓqT #·÷ô|f…qº T ãj·T\T<˚s¬ qT Äø£*‘√e⁄+&ÓqT rdüTø=HÓqT $dæ]y˚ôdqT uÀ~Û+#ÓqT Ä˝À∫+#ÓqT #Óô|ŒqT •ø£Då ì#ÓÃqT Á|üjT· ‹ï+#ÓqT ns¡eú TT #π d˚ Tü ø=HÓqT ÁyêôdqT q&ç#qÓ T ø£&>¬ç qT >¬ *#ÓqT <Û]ä +#ÓqT ø√s¡Tø=HÓqT ôV≤#·Ã]+#ÓqT ø£+>±s¡T|ü&qÓ T 172

TABLE-3 PASSIVE VOICE- VERBS (100) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 173

Added ø£*bÕs¡T Advised dü\Vü‰Ç#êÃs¡T Appointed ìjÓ÷–+#ês¡T Attached #˚sêÃs¡T Allowed düeTàò+#ês¡T Abused ì+~+#ÓqT Admired yÓT#·TÃø=Hêïs¡T Beaten ø={≤ºsT¡ Bitten ø=]ø±s¡T Buried bÕ‹ô|{≤ºsT¡ Believed qe÷às¡T Begun ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#ês¡T Besought Áã ‹$T˝≤&Üs¡T Broken |ü–˝…qT Brought ‘Ó#ÃÓ qT Bought ø=Hêïs¡T Called |æ*#ês¡T Cursed X¯|+æ #ês¡T Consulted dü\Vü‰ rdæø=Hêïs¡T Crushed q\>∑>={≤ºsT¡ Convinced ˇ|æŒ+#ês¡T Consecrated |ü$Á‘·+ #˚XÊs¡T Congratulated n_Ûq+~+#ês¡T Chided ‹{≤ºsT¡ Chosen m+#·T≈£îHêïs¡T

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Commanded ÄC≤„|+æ #ês¡T Compared b˛˝≤Ãs¡T Concealed <ë#ês¡T Doubted dü+<˚V≤æ +#ês¡T Described e]î+#ês¡T Disappointed ìsêX¯#+Ó <ës¡T Done #˚XÊs¡T Encouraged Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ês¡T Enveloped ø£|Œæ y˚XÊs¡T Exempted $TqVü‰sTT+#ês¡T Escaped ‘·|Œæ +#ês¡T Eaten ‹Hêïs¡T Hugged øö–*+#·Tø=Hêïs¡T Employed ñ<√´>∑$T#êÃs¡T Forgotten eTs¡∫b˛j·÷s¡T Fed b˛wæ+#ês¡T, y˚TbÕs¡T Found ø£qT>=Hêïs¡T Forgiven ø£$å T+#ês¡T Frightened uÛj Ñ T· ô|f…qº T Frowned ø√|ü+‘√ #·÷XÊs¡T Greeted Given Held Hidden Hated

n_Ûq+~+#ês¡T Ç#êÃs¡T |ü≥Tºø=Hêïs¡T <ë#ês¡T <˚«wæ+#ês¡T

51

Informed

52

Invited

53

Ignored

54

Irritated

55

Imitated

56

Intimated

57

Inspired

58

Involved

59

Joined

60

Kidnapped

61

Kicked

62

Kept

63

Loved

64

Liked

65

Lashed

66

Left

67

Married

68

Occupied

69

Perished

70

Prepared

71

Prevented

72

Pawned

73

Produced

74

Pushed

75

Prohibited

‘·*Ó bÕs¡T 76 Preserved C≤Á>∑‘Ô· #˚XÊs¡T ÄVü‰«ì+#ês¡T 77 Paid #·*Ó +¢ #ês¡T |ü{+ºÏ #·Tø√˝Ò<ëT 78 Praised bı–&Üs¡T ø√|ü+ ‘Ó|Œæ +#ês¡T 79 Pained H=|æŒ+#ês¡T nqTø£]+#ês¡T 80 Permitted nqTeT‹+#ÓqT ‘Ó*j·TCÒXÊs¡T 81 Reduced ‘·–+Z #ês¡T Áù|sπ |æ+#ês¡T 82 Respected >ös¡$+#ês¡T ø£*Œ+#·Tø=Hêïs¡T 83 Regarded >ös¡$+#ês¡T #˚sêÃs¡T 84 Seen #·÷XÊs¡T n|üV≤ü ]+#ês¡T 85 Stolen <=+–*+#ês¡T ‘·Hêïs¡T 86 Said #ÓbÕŒs¡T ñ+#ês¡T 87 Satisfied ‘·è|æ|Ô sü #¡ ê&ÉT Áù|$T+#ê&ÉT 88 Seized ã˝≤‘êÿs¡+>± ˝≤≈£îÿHêïs¡T Çwü|º &ü ܶsT¡ 89 Sought (Seek) yÓ‹ø±s¡T ø=s¡&‘É √ ø={≤ºsT¡ 90 Sold nyÓTàqT $&ç#qÓ T 91 Sent |ü+ô|qT ô|[flnsTTq~ 92 Smelt yêdüq#·÷ôdqT ÄÁø£$T+#ês¡T 93 Taken rdüTø=Hêïs¡T HêX¯qeTj·÷´s¡T 94 Taught uÀ~Û+#ês¡T ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚XÊs¡T 95 Told #ÓbÕŒs¡T ‘·|ü #˚XÊs¡T 96 Trained •ø£Då Ç#êÃs¡T ‘êø£≥Tºô|{≤ºsT¡ 97 Thrown $dæ]y˚ôdqT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô #˚XÊs¡T 98 Understood ‘Ó*dæø=Hêïs¡T >¬ +{≤s¡T 99 Warned ôV≤#·Ã]+#ês¡T ìùw~Û+#ês¡T 100Withdrawn ñ|üd+ü Vü≤]+#ÓqT 174

175

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

Me `

Object

qqTï, Hê≈£î, Hê‘√ We ` y˚TeTT, Us ` eTeTTà\qT, eTqeTT You ` ˙e⁄ You ` ìqTï, ˙≈£î, ˙‘√ You ` MTs¡T You ` $TeTTà\qT, MT≈£î, MT‘√ They ` yêfi¯ófl, Them `yê]ì, yê]øÏ, n$ yê]‘√, yê{Ïì, yê{ÏøÏ, yê{Ï‘√ He ` n‘·qT, Him ` n‘·ìì, Ç‘·&ÉT n‘·ìøÏ, n‘·ì‘√ She ` ÄyÓT, Her ` ÄyÓTqT áyÓT ÄyÓT≈£î, ÄyÓT‘√ It ` n~, Ç~ It ` <ëìì, <ëìøÏ, <ëì‘√, Bìì, BìøÏ, Bì‘√

Subject

1. I `H˚qT

No

its - <ëì~,

Bì~, Bì$

its - <ëì, <ëìjÓTTø£ÿ

Bì, BìjÓTTø£ÿ

<ëì$,

ÄyÓT$

ÄyÓTjYT itself-n<˚, Ç<˚

herself`Äy˚T,

hers - ÄyÓT~,

her - ÄyÓT,

ÄyÓTjÓTTø£ÿ

himself`n‘·&˚

hemselves`yêπs

yê{Ï, yê{ÏjÓTTø£ÿ yê{Ï$ his-n‘·ì, n‘·ìjÓTTø£ÿ his - n‘·ì~, n‘·ì$

yê]$,

theirs-yê]~,

their-yê], yê]jÓTTø£ÿ

yourselves`MTπs

yourself`˙y˚

yours - ˙~,

˙$ yours - MT~, MT$

H=øÏÿ#Ó|ü≥ myself`H˚H˚ ourselves`y˚Ty˚T

ø£*–ñ+&ÉT mine - Hê~, Hê$ ours - e÷~, e÷$

$X‚wüDeTT my - Hê, HêjÓTTø£ÿ our - e÷, e÷jÓTTø£ÿ e÷≈£î, e÷‘√ your - ˙, ˙jÓTTø£ÿ your - MT, MTjÓTTø£ÿ

Table of Personal Pronouns

176

No I had (I’d ◊&é)

Yes

I didn’t have

No

Past >∑‘·+˝À (ø£*– ñ+{Ïì)

It didn’t have

It had (It’d ◊{Ï&é) It won’t have

Sita didn’t have

Rama didn’t have

She didn’t have

She had (She’d w”&é) She won’t have

Rama won’t have Rama had Sita won’t have Sita had

He didn’t have

Boys didn’t have

They didn’t have

Boys won’t have Boys had He won’t have He had (He’d V”≤&é)

They won’t have They had (They’d <˚&é)

We won’t have We had (we’d M&é) We don’t have You won’t have You had (you’d j·T÷&é) You didn’t have

I will have (i’ll ◊˝Ÿ) I won’t have

Yes

Future uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À (ø£*– ñ+{≤qT)

We will (W’ll M˝Ÿ) You will have (you’ll j·÷˝Ÿ) They have They don’t have They will have (They’ve <˚yé) (They’ll <˚˝Ÿ) Boys have Boys don’t have Boys will have He has (He’s V”≤dt) He doesn’t have He will have (He’ll V”≤˝Ÿ) She has (She’s w”CŸ) She doesn’t have She will have (She’ll w”˝Ÿ) It has (It’s Ç{Ÿ‡) It doesn’t have It will have (It’ll ◊{Ï˝Ÿ) Rama has Rama doesn’t have Rama will have Sita has Sita doesn’t have Sita will have

I don’t have

No

We have (we’ve Myé) We don’t have You have (You’ve) Yoou don’t have

I have (I’ve ◊yé)

Yes

Present Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ (ø£*– ñHêïqT)

Have Table

177

yês¡T e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HÓ<äs¡T.

6. They eat a mango.

ÄyÓT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qTqT.

5. She eats a mango.

yê&ÉT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qTqT.

4. He eats a mango.

˙e⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HÓ<äe⁄.

3. You eat a mango.

y˚TeTT e÷$T&ç|ü+&ÉT ‹HÓ<äeTT.

2. We eat a mango.

ÄyÓT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qTqT.

5. She will eat a mango tomorrow.

n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qTqT.

4. He will eat a mango tomorrow.

˙e⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{≤e⁄.

3. You will eat a mango.

y˚TeTT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{≤eTT.

2. We shall eat a mango.

H˚qT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{≤qT.

yês¡T ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹Hêïs¡T.

yês¡T πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{≤s¡T.

6. They ate a mango yesterday 6. They will eat a mango tomorrow.

ÄyÓT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qï~.

5. She ate a mango.

n‘·&ÉT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹Hêï&ÉT.

4. He ate a mango

˙e⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹Hêïe⁄.

3. You ate a mango.

y˚TeTT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HêïeTT.

2. We ate a mango.

H˚qT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HêïqT.

1. I eat a mango.

H˚qT e÷$T&ç|ü+&ÉT ‹HÓ<äqT.

1 I ate a mango

(n\yê≥¢qT ‘Ó\T|ü⁄qT) 1. I shall eat a mango.

(Ç~ »]–b˛sTTq $wüj·TeTT\T ‘Ó\TŒqT) (Ç~ »s¡>∑uÀe⁄ $wüj·TeTT\T ‘Ó\TŒqT)

Simple Future Tense

Simple Past Tense

Simple Present Tense

INDEFINITE TENSE

178

ÄyÓT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ ñHêïeTT.

5. She is eating a mango.

n‘·&ÉT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ ñHêïeTT.

4. He is eating a mango.

˙e⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ ñHêïeTT.

3. You are eating a mango.

y˚TeTT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ ñHêïeTT.

2. We are eating a mango.

H˚qT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄HêïqT.

1. I am eating a mango.

(Ç~ ø£+{Ï m<äT≥ »s¡T>∑T $wüj·TeTT\T #Ó|üqT)

Present Continuous Tense

y˚TeTT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤eTT.

2. We shall be eating a mango tomorrow.

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤qT.

1. I shall be eating a mango tomorrow.

(Ç~ uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ø£+{Ï m<äT≥ »]–q $wüj·TeTT\T #Ó|üqT)

Future Continuous Tense

ÄyÓT ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+&ÓqT.

5. She was eating a mango yesterday.

n‘·&ÉT ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄Hêï&ÉT.

4. He was eating a mango yesterday.

˙e⁄ ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄Hêïe⁄.

ÄyÓT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+≥T+~.

5. She will be eating a mango tomorrow.

n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤&ÉT.

4. He will be eating a mango tomorrow.

˙e⁄ πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤e⁄.

3. You were eating a mango yesterday. 3. You will be eating a mango tomorrow.

y˚TeTT ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄HêïeTT.

2. We were eating a mango yesterday.

H˚qT ìqï e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄HêïqT.

1. I was eating a mango yesterday.

(Ç~ >∑‘·+˝À ø£+{Ï m<äT≥ »]–q $wüj·TeTT\T #Ó|üqT)

Past Continuous Tense

CONTINUOUS TENSE

179

You have written a letter.

9.

You had written a letter.

We had written a letter.

I had written a letter.

They had eaten a mango.

She had eaten a mango.

He had eaten a mango.

You had eaten a mango.

We had eaten a mango.

I had eaten a mango.

Past Perfect Tense

12. They had written a letter.

11. She has written a letter.

12. They had written a letter.

11. She had written a letter.

10. He has written a letter.

10. He had written a letter.

9.

We have written a letter.

6.

8.

They have eaten a

6.

5.

8.

She has eaten a mango.

5.

4.

I have written a letter.

He has eaten a mango.

4.

3.

7.

You have eaten a mango.

3.

2.

7.

We have eaten a mango.

2.

1.

mango.

I have eaten a mango.

1.

Present Perfect Tense

You will have written a letter.

We shall have written a letter.

I shall have written a letter.

They will have eaten a mango.

She will have eaten a mango.

He will have eaten a mango.

You will have eaten a mango.

We shall have eaten a mango.

I shall have eaten a mango.

Future Perfect Tense

12. They will have written a letter.

11. She will have written a letter.

10. He will have written a letter.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

PERFECT TENSE

Positive Degree Degree

high tall bold kind hard sweet small clever young great thick brave sure able fine wise white large hot fat big sad easy beautiful difficult good bad

DEGREES OF COMPARISON Comparative Superlative Degree

higher taller bolder kinder harder sweeter smaller cleverer younger greater thicker braver surer abler finer wiser whiter larger hotter fatter bigger sadder easier more beautiful more difficult better worse

highest tallest boldest kindest hardest sweetest smallest cleverest youngest greatest thickest bravest surest ablest finest wisest whitest largest hottest fattest biggest saddest easiest most beautiful most difficult best worst

180

181

Comparative Degree Positive Degree

4. India is one of the hottest coun- 4. India is hotter than most other countries. tries. 5. Tagore is one of the greatest 5. Tagore is greater than most other Indian writers. Indian writers. 6. Nehru is greater than most other 6. Nehru is one of the greatest Prime Prime Minister. Ministers. 7. The Hindu is better than most 7. The Hindu is of the best News other News Papers. Papers. 8. Sri Lanka is bigger than most 8. Sri Lanka is one of the Island in other Island in the world. the world. 9. Suresh is shorter than most other 9. Suresh is one of the shortest boys boys in the class. in the class.

9. Very few boys in the class are as short as Suresh.

8. Very few Islands in the world are as big as Sri Lanka.

7. Very few News Papers are as good as The Hindu.

6. Very few Prime Ministers are as great as Nehru.

5. Very few Indian writers are as great as Tagore.

4. Very few countries are as hot as India.

1. Ramesh is one of the cleverest 1. Ramesh is clever than most other 1. Very few boys in the class are as boys in the class. clever as Ramesh. boys in the class. 2. Bombay is one of the biggest 2. Bombay is bigger than most other 2. Very few cities of India are as big cities of India. as Bombay. cities of India. 3. Akbar was one of the greatest 3. Akbar was bigger than most other 3. Very few kings were as great as Kings. Akbar. Kings.

Superlative Degree

Blow Bear Buy Bring Begin Burn Build Dig Do Drink Draw Drive Fight Find Feel Feed Fly Fall Lose Leave Run Ride Ring Read Keep Know

A FEW IMPORTANT VERBS M#·T Blew M#ÓqT Blown yÓ÷j·TT Bore yÓ÷ôdqT Born/Borne ø=qT Bought ø=HÓqT Bought ‘Ó#T· à Brought ‘Ó#ÃÓ qT Brought ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·T Began ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#ÓqT Begun ø±\TŒ Burnt ø±˝…ÃqT Burnt ø£≥Tº Built ø£fqº… T Built Á‘·e⁄« Dug Á‘·y«Ó qT Dug #˚j·TT Did #˚ôdqT Done Á‘·ê>∑T Drank Á‘·ê>¬ qT Drunk ˝≤>∑T Drew ˝≤¬>qT Drawn ‘√\T Drove ‘√˝…qT Driven b˛{≤¢&TÉ Fought b˛{≤¢&qÓ T Fought ø£qT>=qT Found ø£qT>=HÓqT Found ‘ê≈£î Felt ‘ê¬øqT Felt b˛wæ+#·T Fed b˛wæ+#ÓqT Fed m>∑Ts¡T Flew m–¬sqT Flown |ü&TÉ Fell |ü&qÓ T Fallen b˛>=≥Tºø=qT Lost bı>=≥Tºø=HÓqT Lost $&ç∫ô|≥Tº Left $&ç∫ô|f…qº T Left |üsT¡ >¬ ≥Tº Ran |üsT¡ >¬ f…qº T Run kÕ«Ø#˚jT· T Rode kÕ«Ø#˚ôdqT Ridden yÓ÷–+#·T Rang yÓ÷–+#ÓqT Rung #·<ëTe⁄ Read #·~yÓqT Read ñ+#·T Kept ñ+#ÓqT Kept ‘Ó*dæø=qT Knew ‘Ó*dæø=HÓqT Known 182

‹qT Creep ÁbÕ≈£î Bind ìs¡“+¤ ~Û+#·T Bleed HÓ‘T· sÔ T¡ ø±s¡T Bid ÄC≤„|+æ #·T Beat ø=≥Tº Bite ø=s¡T≈£î Bread ø£qT Drream ø£\ø£qT Dwell ìedæ+#·T See #·÷#·T Speak e÷{≤¢&TÉ Spend Ks¡TÃ#˚jT· T Sell neTTà sit ≈£Ls=ÃqT Sink eTTqT>∑T Sing bÕ&ÉT Shake ø£<\ä Tà Spring <ä÷≈£î Steal <=+–*+#·T Sting ≈£î≥Tº Strike ø=≥Tº Send |ü+|ü⁄ Sleep ìÁ~+#·T Smell yêdüq#·÷#·T Spell es¡Áí ø£eTeTT#Ó|ü Sweep ‘·T&ÉT#·T Eat

183

‹HÓqT Crept ÁbÕ¬øqT Bound ìs¡“+¤ ~Û+#ÓqT Bled HÓ‘T· sÔ T¡ ø±¬sqT Bade ÄC≤„|æ+#ÓqT Beat ø=f…ºqT Bit ø=]¬øqT Bred ø£HÓqT Dreramt ø£\ø£HÓqT Dwelt ìedæ+#ÓqT Saw #·÷#ÓqT Spoke e÷{≤¢&qÓ T Spent Ks¡TÃ#˚ôdqT Sold nyÓTàqT Sat ≈£Ls=ÃHÓqT Sank eTTì¬>qT Sang bÕ&ÓqT Shook ø£<˝ä Ã… qT Sprang <ä÷¬øqT Stole <=+–*+#ÓqT Stung ≈£îf…qº T Struck ø=f…ºqT Sent |ü+ô|qT Slept ìÁ~+#ÓqT Smelt yêdüq#·÷#ÓqT Spelt es¡Áí ø£eTeTT#Óô|ŒqT Swept ‘·T&ç#qÓ T Ate

Eaten Crept Bound Bled Bidden Beaten Bitten Brerd Dreamt Dwelt Seen Spoken Spent Sold Sat Sunk Sung shaken sprung Stolen Stung Struck Sent Slept Smelt Spelt Swept

rdæø=qT Tear ∫+#·T Throw $düsT¡ Teach uÀ~+#·T Think Ä˝À∫+#·T Win >¬ \T#·T Weave H˚jT· T Wear <Û]ä +#·T Write Áyêj·TT Tell #Ó|ü Say #Ó|ü Seek yÓ<ë≈£î Shrink eTT&ÉT#·T≈£îìb˛e⁄ Slay #·+|ü⁄ Spin <ës¡eTTrj·TT Sling $düsT¡ Smite ø=≥Tº Stick n‹øÏ+#·T Swear Á|üe÷DeTT#˚jT· T

Took

rdæø=HÓqT Tore ∫+#ÓqT Threw $dæs¬ qT Taught uÀ~+#ÓqT Thought Ä˝À∫+#ÓqT Won >¬ *#ÓqT Wove H˚ôdqT Wore <Û]ä +#ÓqT Wrote ÁyêôdqT Told #Óô|ŒqT Said #Óô|ŒqT Sought yÓ<ë¬øqT Shrank eTT&ÉT#·Tø=ìb˛jÓTqT Slew #·+ô|qT Spun <ës¡eTTrôdqT Slung $dæs¬ qT Smote ø=f…ºqT Stuck n‹øÏ+#ÓqT Swore Á|üe÷DeTT #˚ôdqT

Taken

Stride

Strode

Stridden

Take

Torn thrown Taught Thought Won Woven worn Written told Said Sought Shrunk Slain Spun Slung Smitten Stuck Sworn

<ä÷s¡eTT>∑ n&ÉT>∑T\T y˚j·TT#·÷ q&É#·T <ä÷s¡eTT>± n&ÉT>∑T\T y˚dæ q&ç#qÓ T Swim

á<äT

Swam

Strive

Strove/Strived

>∑{>ºÏ ± Á|üjT· ‹ï+#·T

>∑{>ºÏ ± Á|üjT· ‹ï+#ÓqT

Swing Sew Become

}>∑T ≈£î≥Tº n>∑T

Swung Sewed Became

á<ÓqT Swum Striven/Strived

}¬>qT Swung ≈£îf…qº T Sewn njÓT´qT Become 184

BeseechÁã‹e÷\Tø=qT

Besought Áã‹e÷\Tø=HÓqT

Besought

ø£qT Behold #·÷#·T Deal es¡øÔ e£ TT #˚jT· T Fling $düsT¡ Forbid e<ë›qT Forbear dü$T+#·T Forsake $&ç∫ô|≥Tº Forget eTs¡∫b˛e⁄ Hang Áy˚˝≤&ÉT Hold |ü≥Tºø=qT Hide <ëë>∑Tø=qT Kneel yÓ÷ø±fi¯ô¢ |’ e+>∑T Overcome n~Û>$ ∑ T+#·T Rend N\TÃ

Begot

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Begotten

Undeerstand

Understood

Understood

ns¡eú TT#˚døæ =qT

ns¡eú TT #˚døæ =HÓqT

Beget

Mean Lead Stand Love Like Laugh Live Link Load Fill 185

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Meant Led Stood Loved Liked Laughed Lived Linked Loaded Filled

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Beheld Dealt Flung Forbidden Forborne Forsaken forgotten Hung/Hanged Held Hidden Knelt Overcome Rent

Meant Led Stood Loved Liked Laughed Lived Linked Loaded Filled

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Failed

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Failed

Mint

Minted

Minted

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Fail

Feared Fired Fred Founded Guessed Gifted Gained Jumped Judged Moved Merged Missed Melted Mowed Managed Mended Minded

Called Cared Cursed Consulted Caned Crushed Chided 186

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187

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188

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189

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Invaded Intended Instructed Insured Interrupted Issued Promised Paid Proved Pained Perished Prepared Pretended Prevented Promoted Pawned Pledged Produced Pushed Prohibited Preserved Reduced Regretted Respected Reversed Reverted Reviewed

ìX¯ÃsTT+#·T Repose ñ+#·T Restrictìã+<Ûq ä ˝Àñ+#·T Restrain n&É–¶ +#·T

Resolved

ìX¯ÃsTT+#ÓqT Reposed ñ+#ÓqT Restrictedìã+<Ûäq˝Àñ+#ÓqT Restrained n&É–¶ +#ÓqT

Resolved

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Resolve

Reposed Restricted Restrained

190

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Attached

Encroach

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191

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Hurried

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Hurried

Quicken

Quickened

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Seize

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ã˝≤‘êÿs¡eTT>± ˝≤ø=ÿqT

Healed Licked Lashed Married Occupied Occurred Obeyed Obstructed Offended Objected Obliged Prolonged Prompted Queued

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Specify

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($X‚wDü eTT\T) Whose Lucky Cheap Costly Strong Weak Tall New Old Clever Foolish Great Small Brave Timid Beautiful Ugly Fine Heavy Light Difficult Easy Hot Cold Faithful Famous

me]jÓTTø£ÿ n<äèwüºeTTø£\ #ͬø’q KØ<Óq’ ã\yÓTqÆ ã\V”≤qyÓTqÆ bı&Éyq’Ó Áø=‘·Ô bÕ‘· ‘Ó*yÓq’ ‘Ó*$‘·≈î£ ÿe >=|üŒ ∫qï <Ûs’Ó ´¡ yÓTqÆ |æ]øÏ n+<ëyÓTqÆ $ø±s¡yTÓ qÆ u≤>∑Tqï ã s¡TyÓq’ ‘˚*ø¬ q’ ø£]qƒ yÓTqÆ ‘˚*ø¬ q’ y˚&ç #·\¢ì $XÊ«düeTT>∑\ ø°]>Ô \∑ 194

‹qïì Upper ô|q’ Lower ÁøÏ+<ä Inner ˝À|ü* Outer yÓ\T|ü* Superior ÁX‚w˚ yºü TÓ qÆ Inferior ‘·≈î£ ÿyÓq’ Senior ô|<ä› nsTTq Junior |æqï nsTTq Boyish |æ\‘¢ q· eTT >∑\ Careful C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· \∑ Cheerful ñ˝≤¢deü TT >∑\ Courageous <Ós’ ´¡ eTT>∑\ Colonial e\dü≈î£ dü+ã+~Û+∫q Dangerous nbÕj·TeTT>∑\ Dirty eTT]øÏjTÆÓ q Eearthly uÛ÷Ñ dü+ã+<Ûyä TÓ qÆ Envious X¯‘è· ‘·«eTT>∑\ Courageous <Ûs’Ó ´¡ eTT>∑\ Loaded ãs¡Te⁄y˚jT· ã&çq Gifted Á|ü»ø„ \£ Vilainous <äTsêàs¡yÈ TÓ qÆ Laughable Vü‰kÕ´düŒ<äyTÓ qÆ Movable ø£~˝…&ç Cheerless Äq+<äeTT˝Òì tireless n\dü≥˝Òì Straight

195

‘Ó*$˝Òì Flowery |ü⁄wüŒeTT\T>∑\, düT+<ës¡yTÓ q Æ Glorious Á|üU≤´‹>∑\ Virtuous ˙‹>∑\ Vicious #Ó&TÉ ã T~∆>\∑ Vainglorious n‹>∑]«jÓTÆ q Valuable $\Te>∑\ Worthy jÓ÷>∑´‘·>\∑ Zealous |ü≥Tº<ë\>∑\ Ceaseless eTT–j·Tq{Ϻ Decisive ìX¯Ãj·TyÓTqÆ Eatable ‹q<ë–q Indicative #·÷ô|&ÉT Lovable Áù|$T+|ü‘–· q Movable ø£<ë*+#·<ë–q Relative dü+ã +<ÛëeTT>∑\ Talkative e÷{≤&ÉT dü«uÛ≤e+>∑\ Wakeful y˚T˝£ÿìj·TT+&ÉT Wavy ø¬ s¡≥eTTe+{Ï Lengthy bı&Éyq’Ó Changeable e÷s¡TŒ#Ó+<ä>\∑ Manageable q&ÉT|ü>\∑ Biggish ô|<ä<› q’Ó smallish ∫qï<Óq’ twofold s¬ +&ÉTs¬ ≥¢sTTq Fivefold ◊<ës¡T s¬ ≥¢sTTq Foolish

ADJECTIVE PHRASES A crown made of gold A cloack of purple color. An elephant with a white skin. A track through the jungle. A boy with blue eyes. A village without any inhabitants. A page with no writing on it. The day of greatest length. The flag of Spain. A load of great weight. Tragic - Tragical Whole - Wholesome Three - Threefold Black - Blackish White - Whitish Sick - Sickly A golden crown A purple cloak A white elephant A jungle track A blue eyed boy A deserted village A blank page The longest day The Spanish flag. 196

ADJECTIVES Positive Degree Short Long Strong Quick Hot Tall Young Old Thick New Great Noble Brave Able Wise Large Fine Pale Heavy Merry Bulky Easy Happy Witty 197

Comparative Degree

bı{Ϻ bı&Ée⁄ ã\eTT>∑\ ‘=+<äs¡ y˚&ç bı&Ée⁄ ∫qï ô|<ä› <ä≥eº TT ø=‘·Ô >=|üŒ >=|üŒ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ eTT>∑\ düeTs¡‘∆ >· \∑ ‘Ó*Ó $>∑\ ô|<ä› u≤>∑Tqï bÕ*b˛sTTq ãs¡TyÓq’ VüQcÕs¡T>± ô|<ä~› >± düTfi¯óe⁄>± dü+‘√wüeTT>± qe⁄«|ü⁄{Ï+º #·T

Superlative Degree

Shorter

Shortest

Longer

Longest

Stronger

Strongest

Quicker

Quickest

hotter

Hottest

Taller

Tallest

Younger

Youngest

Older

Oldest

Thicker

Thickest

Newer

Newest

Greater

Greatest

Nobler

Noblest

Braver

Bravest

Abler

Ablest

Wiser

Wisest

Larger

Largest

Finer

Finest

Paler

Palest

Heavier

Heaviest

Marrier

Marriest

Bulkier

Bulkiest

Easier

Easiest

Happier

Happiest

Wittier

Wittiest

ô|<ä› Sad $#êø£sø¡ y£ TÓ qÆ Red ms¡Te⁄ Good eT+∫ Bad #Ó&TÉ ãT~∆>\∑ Well eT+∫ Many #ê˝≤ Much m≈£îÿe Old eTTdü* Out ãj·T≥ Out ãj·T≥ Late Ä\dü´eTT>± Late ‘·sT¡ yê‘· Little ‘·≈î£ ÿe ill #Ó&¶É far <ä÷s¡eTT>∑ Fore eTT+<äT Beautiful n+<äyTÓ qÆ Learned bÕ+&ç‘´· eTT>∑\ Gifted Á|ü»>„ \∑ Benefited ˝≤uÛeÑ TTbı+~ Courageous <Ûs’Ó ´¡ eTT>∑\ Difficult ∫¬øÿ’ q Proper dü]jÓTÆ q Near <ä>sZ∑ >¡ ± Clear düŒwüeº TT>± Biggish

Bigger

Biggest

Sadder

Saddest

Redder

Reddest

Better

Best

Worse

Worst

Better

Best

More

Most

More

Most

Elder

Eldest

Utter

Utmost

Outer

utmost

Later

Latest

Latter

Lost

Less

Least

Worse

worst

Farther

Farthest

Former

First or Fore most

More beautiful

Most beautiful

More learned

Most learned

More gifted

Most gifted

More benefited

Most benefited

More courageous Most courageous

More difficult

Most difficult

More proper

Most proper

Nearer

Nearest

Clearer

Clearest 198

Hard Loud Fast Little Well Lovely Clearly Carefully

ø£weºü TT>± _>∑sZ >¡ ± ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ ø=+#ÓeTT u≤>∑T>± n+<äeTT>± düŒwüeº TT>± C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ±

Harder

Hardest

Louder

Loudest

Faster

Fastest

Less

Least

Better

Best

More lovely / Lovelier Most lovely/Loveliest

More clearly

Most clearly

More carefully

Most carefully

VERBAL PREPOSITIONS Associated with Angry with/at Bear with Clash with Condole with comply with Correspondent with Credit with Agree with/to Dispense with Fill in Grapple on/with Maddle with Part from/with Quarrel with Side by Sympathise with Entrust with 199

dü+ã+<Ûeä TT ø£*–j·TT+&ÉT ø√|üeTTe#·Tà düV≤æ +#·T m<äTs=ÿqT $#ês¡eTT e´ø£eÔ TT#˚jT· T n+^ø£]+#·T ñ‘·sÔ Á¡ |ü‘T· ´‘·sÔ e¡ TT\T Áyêj·TT »eTø£≥Tº dü]|ü&TÉ ≥, n+^ø£]+#·T nedüse¡ TT˝Ò≈î£ +&ÉT #˚jT· T ì+|ü⁄ qT>∑T˝≤&ÉT ø£\T>∑CdÒ Tü ø=qT $&É∫ô|≥Tº <Óã“˝≤&ÉT yÓ|’ ⁄ü ñ+#·T kÕqTuÛ÷Ñ ‹ #·÷|ü⁄ |üì n|üŒ#Ó|ü

Familiar with/among Alight from Debar from Derive from Distinguish from Differ from Deviate from Elicit from Emerge from Escape from comply with Exclude from Preserve from Protect from Prohibit from Recover from Adapt to Adhere to Allot to Appologise to/for Appoint to Aspire to Assent to Contribute to Attain to Attend to/on Attempt to Attribute to

u≤>± ‘Ó*dæe⁄+&ÉT ~>∑T Ä|ü⁄#˚jT· T bı+<äT ‘˚&Ü ‘Ó*dæø=qT y˚sT¡ n_ÛÁbÕj·TeTT+&ÉT eTs¡\T ˝≤>∑T ãj·T{ÏøeÏ #·Tà ‘·|Œæ +#·Tø=qT n+^ø£]+#·T ‘·|Œæ +#·Tø=qT ø±bÕ&ÉT s¡ø+åÏ #·Tø=qT ìùw~Û+#·T ‹]– bı+<äT≥ dü]|ü&TÉ q≥T¢ #˚jT· T e<ä\≈£î+&Ü $uÛ≤–+∫ Ç#·Tà ø£eå ÷s¡ŒD ø√s¡T ìj·T$T+#·T ÄX¯ø*£ –j·TT+&ÉT nqTeT‹+#·T $sêfi¯$T#·Tà #˚sT¡ C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ∑ #˚jT· T Á|üjT· ‹ï+#·T Äs√|æ+#·T 200

Belong to Conduce to Conform to compare to/with Consent to Lead to Listen to Object to occur to Prefer to Pretened to Revert to Refer to Stoop to Submit to/with Succumb to Surrender to Testify to Yield to Canvass for Atone for Care for Clamour for Feel for Hope for Mourn for Pine for Start for/with Sue for 201

kı‘·TnÔ >∑T <√Vü≤<äeTT#˚jT· T e<ä\≈£î+&ÉT b˛\Tà ˇ|üø=qT <ë]rj·TT $qT n&ÉTô¶ |≥Tº e#·Tà m+#·Tø=qT q{Ï+#·T ‹]–e#·Tà eT]jÓTTø£ n_ÛÁbÕj·TeTTq≈£î |ü+|ü⁄ ˙#êìøÏ ~>∑C≤s¡T n~Ûø±s¡eTT ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+#·T ˝§+–b˛e⁄ ˝§+–b˛e⁄ kÕø£´å $T#·Tà ˝§+–b˛e⁄ Á|ü#ês¡eTT #˚jT· T |ü]Vü‰s¡eTT #Ó*+¢ #·T ÁX¯√\#˚jT· T ‘·&TÉ eTTø=qT Ä•+#·T $#ê]+#·T ‘·|+æ #·T ãj·T\T<˚sT¡ <ëyê#˚jT· T

Wish for Yearn for Approve of Acquit of/from Beware of Boast of Complain of Despair of Die of/for Dispose off Divert of/from Dream of Repent of/from Taste of Dabble in/with Delight in Employ in Enlist in Excel in/from Fail in glory in Indulge in Involve in Persist on comment on Deliberate on Depend on Determine on

ø√]ø£ ø£*–j·TT+&ÉT ø√s¡Tø=qT nqTeT‹+#·T $&ÉT<ä\#˚jT· T C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ∑ ñ+&ÉT >=|üŒ>± #Ó|ü |òsæ ê´<äT#˚jT· T ÄX¯e<äT\T #·ìb˛e⁄ n$Tày˚jT· T <äèwæeº Ts¡*+#·T ø£\\Tø£qT |üXÊÑêÔ||ü &ü TÉ s¡T∫ #˚sTT<ä÷s¡Tà Äq+~+#·T |üì#˚jT· T qyÓ÷<ä>T∑ Ç‘·sT¡ \qT n~Û>$∑ T+#·T ‘·|ü >∑]«+#·T #˚jT· T≥j·T+<äT+&ÉT ∫≈£îÿø=qT |ü≥Tº<\ä >±#˚jT· T yê´U≤´ì+#·T ìs¡j í T· eTTø=s¡≈î£ e÷{≤¢&TÉ Ä<Ûës¡|&ü TÉ ìs¡sí TT+#·Tø=qT 202

Encroach on enlarge on Impose on Insist on subsist on Smile at Stay at/in Look at/into/upon/down

ÄÁø£$T+#·T m≈£îÿe Áyêj·TT ˝Òø£ #Ó|ü $~Û+#·T H=øÏÿ#Ó|ü Áã‘·T≈£î nsTTwü‘º q· T #·÷|ü⁄ ñ+&ÉT #·÷#·T

Noun Prepositions Affection for Appetite for Ambition for Anxiety for Apology for Aptitude for Blame for Candidate for Capacity for Compassion for Compensation for Contempt for Craving for Desire for Fitness for Fondness for Leisure for Liking for Match for 203

n_Ûe÷qeTT ‘·èwüí ÄX¯ Ä‘·è‘· ø£eå ÷s¡ŒD n_ÛsT¡ ∫ ì+~+#·T≥ nuÛ´Ñ ]ú>∑ ñ+&ÉT düeTs¡‘ú · <äjT· qwü|º ]ü Vü‰s¡eTT ndüV≤ü ´eTT m≈£îÿe ø√]ø£ ø√]ø£ ‘·–j·TT+&ÉT m≈£îÿe Çwüeº TT r]ø£ düeTj·TeTT Çwüeº TT düeT ñJ®

Motive for Opportunity for Passion for Partiality for Pity for Relish for Reputation for Surety for Assurance of Charge of/with Distrust of Doubt of Experiene of Failure of Observance of Proof of Result of Want of Access to Allegiance to Alternative to Antidote to Approach to Assent to Attachment to Attention to Concession to Disgrace to

ñ<˚X› ´¯ eTT nedüse¡ TT neø±X¯eTT |üøbå£ Õ‘·eTT <äjT· s¡T∫ Á|üd~æ ∆ Vü‰MT qeTàø£eTT ì+<ä n|üqeTàø£eTT nqTe÷qeTT nqTuÛeÑ eTT uÛ+Ñ >∑eTT bÕ{Ï+#·T kÕø£´å eTT |ò*ü ‘·eTT ˝Òøb£ ˛e⁄ n+<äTu≤≥T >ös¡eeTT eTs=ø£{Ï $s¡T>∑T&ÉT <ä>sZ∑ ≈¡ î£ #˚sT¡ n+^ø±s¡eTT dü+ã+<äeTT ÁX¯<∆ä düeTà‹ nee÷qeTT 204

Dislike to Encouragement to Exception to Incentive to Indifference to Invitation to Key to Limit to Obedience to Objection to Opposition to Preface to Reference to Submission to Supplement to acceptable to Accustomed to Addicted to Adequate to Adjacent to Affectionate to Akin to Alien to Alive to Amendable to Temptation to Acquaintance with Alliance with 205

nsTTwüeº TT Áb˛‘ê‡Vü≤eTT nuÛ´Ñ +‘·se¡ TT ø£*–+#·T Áb˛‘ê‡Vü≤$T#·TÃq~ |ü{+ºÏ #·Tø=q≈£î+&É ÄVü‰«qeTT ‘ê\eTT#Ó$ |ü]$T‹ $<Ûj ˚ T· ‘· nuÛ´Ñ +‘·se¡ TT e´‹πsø£‘· eTT+<äTe÷≥ eT]jÓTTø£ì Ä˝À#·q≈£î |ü+|ü⁄ ˝§+–b˛e⁄ #˚sá ã &çq~ n+^ø±s¡eTT>± ñ+&ÉT n\yê≥T|ü&ç ñ+&ÉT n\yê≥T|ü&ç ñ+&ÉT dü]b˛e⁄ Á|üøÿ£ q n_Ûe÷qeTT ø£*–j·TT+&ÉT b˛*j·TT+&ÉT |üsêsTTyê&ÉT ˝Òø£ |üsêsTT~>∑ ñ+&ÉT ‘Ó*dæø=ìj·TT+&ÉT ˝Àã&ç Áù|s¡D |ü]#·jT· eTT dü+ã+<Ûeä TT

Bargain with Intercourse with Deliverance from Escape from Exemption from Inference from Concern about Impression on Authority on Exposure of Erosion of Applicable to Appropriate to Beneficial to Common to Comparable to Condemmed to Conducive to Congenial to Contrary to Creditable to Deaf to Detrimental to Devoted to Entitled to Equal to Essential to Faithful to

uÒse¡ ÷&ÉT nH√´q´ dü+|üsÿ¡ eTT $eTTøÏÔ ‘·|Œæ +#·Tø=qT $TqVü‰sTT+|ü⁄ }Vü≤ ∫+‘· n_ÛÁbÕj·TeTT n~Ûø±s¡eTT >∑T]#˚jT· T ˝Òø£ eTTdüT>∑T ‘=\–+#·T ø=≥Tºø=ìb˛e⁄ e]Ô+#·T≥ ‘·–j·TT+&ÉT ˝≤uÛ<Ñ ëj·Tø£eTT kÕe÷q´eTT>∑ b˛*ø£ ø£*–j·TT+&ÉT •ø£å $~Û+#·T u≤>∑T#˚jT· Tq~ düeTeT>∑Tq~ e´‹πsø£eTT XÊ¢|Tüò yÓTqÆ ~>∑ ìedæ+#·Tø=q≈£î+&É #Ó&TÉ #˚jT· Tq~>∑ düeT]Œ+|üã&çq Vü≤≈£îÿø£*–j·TT+&ÉT düe÷qeTT>∑ nedüse¡ TT>∑ qeTàø£eTT>∑ 206

Exposed to Fatal to Hostile to Impertinent to Incidental to Inclined to Indebted to Indifferent to Indispensable to Indulgent to Insensible to Irrelevant to Favourable to Immeterial to Impervious to Able to Limited to Lost to Loyal to Natural to Necessary to Obedient to Obliged to Offensive to Opposite to Painful to Partial to Peculiar to 207

m&É$T#·Tà Á|üe÷<äeTT e´‹πsø£eTT dü]jÓTÆ q >ös¡eeTT #·÷|üøb£ ˛e⁄ e#·Tà Çwü|º &ü TÉ , yÓTT>∑TZ n|ü|ü&j ç T· T+&ÉT |ü{+ºÏ #·Tø=q≈£î+&É nedüse¡ T>∑T ÇwüÁº |üø±s¡+ ‘·è|æÔ |üs#¡ T· |ü{+ºÏ #·Tø=q≈£î+&É ndü+<äs“¡ y¤ TÓ qÆ nqT≈£L\eTT>∑ nqedüse¡ TT>∑ #√{°jT· ≈£î+&É X¯øøÔÏ *£ –j·TT+&ÉT |ü]$T‹ ø£*–j·TT+&ÉT b˛e⁄≥ $XÊ«düeTT>∑ düV≤ü »eTT nedüse¡ TT $<Ûj ˚ T· ‘·>∑ ã<äT&› TÉ >∑ ø√|üeTT ø£*–+#·T m<äTs¡T>∑ u≤<Ûë>± |üøbå£ Õ‘·eTT>± $∫Á‘·yTÓ qÆ

Prejudical to Profitable to Prone to Reduced to Related to Responsible to Restricted to Sensitive to Suited to True to Aborbed in Accomplished in Accurate in Backward in Defective in Deficient in Experience in Deligent in Enveloped in Honest in Interested in Involved in Proficient in afflicted with Beset with Busy with Contented with Conversant with

Á|ü‹≈£L\yÓTqÆ ˝≤uÛ<Ñ ëj·Tø£eTT Çwüeº TT>∑\ ‘·–+Z #·T dü+ã+~Û+∫ u≤<Û´ä ‘·ø*£ – ìã+<Ûqä ˝À qT+#·T H=#·TÃø=qT dü]|ü&TÉ dü]>∑ ©qeT>∑T H˚sŒ¡ ] dü]jÓTÆ q yÓqTø£ã&çñ+&ÉT dü]>±˝Òøb£ ˛e⁄ ˝À≥Tø£*– nqTuÛeÑ eTT>∑\ |ü≥T›<\ä >∑\ ø£|Œü ã&ç ìC≤sTTr>± Çwüeº TT>∑\ ∫≈£îÿø=ìj·TT+&ÉT bÕ+&ç‘´· eTT>∑\ u≤<Ûøä *£ – #·T≥ºã&ç r]ø£˝øÒ £ ‘·è|æ|Ô &ü TÉ u≤>± ‘Ó*j·TT 208

Disgusted with Endowed with Gifted with Infatuated with Infected with Infested with Inspired with Intimated with Popular with/among Satisfied with Accused of Acquitted of Afraid of Assured of Confident of Conscious of Convinced of Deprived of/from Desirous of Devoid of Diffident of Envious of/to Fond of Guilty of Ignorant of Informed of Negligent of Proud of 209

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Sick of Sure of Suspicious of Tolerant of Anxious for Conspicuous for/of Destined or Eager for Eligible for Fit for Grateful for Prepared for/to Proper for Qualified for Sorry for Towards yÓ|’ ⁄ü q, Till, untill Between Betwixt Near Down Over Out Offensive to Under Above Across Around

ndüeT´eTT ø£*– ìX¯Ãj·TeTT #˚dTü ø=qT nqTe÷qeTT ø£*– düV≤æ +#·T ÄÁ‘·T‘· düŒwüeº TT>± ø£qã&ÉT ìj·T$T+#·T ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ ns¡Ω‘· ø£*– dü]|ü&TÉ ø£è‘·»‘„ · ø£*– dæ<|∆ä &ü ç dü]jÓTÆ q ns¡Ω‘· ø£*– $#ê]+#·T ~≈£îÿq≈£î, >∑T]+∫, m&É\, n+<äT , s¡e÷s¡$T, <ä>sZ∑ ¡ es¡≈î£ q&ÉTeT, eT<Û´ä q&ÉTeT, eT<Û´ä <ä>sZ∑ ¡ ÁøÏ+<ä ô|q’ ãj·T≥≈£î ˝Ò≈î£ +&É, $&ç∫, <ä÷s¡eTT>∑qT+&ç ÁøÏ+<ä, n&ÉT>∑Tq, ‘·≈î£ ÿe MT<ä, ô|q’ n&Ée¶ TT>±, ˇø£ Á|üøÿ£ ø£qT+&ç eT]jÓTTø£ Á|üøÿ£ ≈£î #·T≥TºqT 210

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211

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SINGULAR & PLURAL FORMS

(@ø£e#·q   ãVüQe#·q s¡÷bÕ\T) Valcano Valcanoes Echo Echoes Piano Pianos Dynamo Dynamos Bamboo Bamboos Canto Cantos Memento Mementos Baby Babies Army Armies Lady Ladies Story Stories City cities

n–ï|üs«¡ ‘·eTT n–ï|üs«¡ ‘·eTT\T Á|ü‹<Û«ä ì Á|ü‹<Û«ä qT\T ˇø£ dü+^‘· yêsTT<ä´$X‚weü TT yêsTT<ä´eTT\T &Óq’ yÓ÷ &Óq’ yÓ÷\T yÓös¡e˙j·TyÓTqÆ ÅdÔ” >ös¡e˙j·TyÓTqÆ Åd\Ô” T ø£<ä∏ ø£<\ä∏ T q>∑se¡ TT q>∑se¡ TT\T 212

Pony Ponies Fly Flies Body Bodies Country Countries Boy Boys Guy Guys Toy Toys Ray Rays Day Days Monkey Monkeys Thief Thieves Leaf Leaves Life Lives Loaf 213

bı{Ϻ >∑TÁs¡eTT bı{Ϻ >∑TÁs¡eTT\T á>∑ á>∑\T X¯Øs¡eTT X¯Øs¡eTT\T <˚Xe¯ TT <˚Xe¯ TT\T |æ\y¢ ê&ÉT |æ\y¢ ê+&ÉT¢ q÷q÷>∑TMTkÕ\yê&ÉT, yÓ÷≈£î e´≈£î\Ô T, yÓ÷≈£î\T u§eTà u§eTà\T øÏsD¡ eTT øÏsD¡ eTT\T ~qeTT ~qeTT\T ø√‹ ø√‘·T\T <=+>∑ <=+>∑\T Ä≈£î Ä≈£î\T J$‘·eTT J$‘·eTT\T s=f…eº TTø£ÿ

Loaves Wife Wives Knife Knives Wolf Wolves Shelf Shelves Chief Chiefs Roof Roofs Gulf Gulfs

s=f…eº TTø£ÿ\T uÛ≤s¡´ uÛ≤s¡´\T ø£‹Ô ø£‘T· \Ô T ‘√&˚\T ‘√&˚fió¯ fl ns¡ ns¡\T eTTKT´&ÉT eTTKT´\T ô|’ ø£|ü ô|ø’ |£ ü \T düeTTÁ<äXÊK düeTTÁ<äXÊK\T

Contractions ` dü+øÏå|üÔs¡÷bÕ\T k˛Œ¬øHé Ç+^¢wüß˝À á dü+øÏå|üÔ s¡÷bÕ\T u≤>± yê&ÉTø£˝À e⁄HêïsTT. M{Ïì e÷{≤¢&˚≥|ü&ÉT ñ|üjÓ÷–ùdÔ Ä+>∑¢uÛ≤wü n+<ä+>± e⁄+≥T+~. $<˚oj·TT\ Ä+>∑¢ dü+uÛ≤wüD ≈£L&Ü #·ø£ÿ&Ü ns¡úeTe⁄‘·T+~. ø£qTø£ M{Ïì u≤>± ÁbÕø°ºdüT #˚j·T+&ç. 1. I am I’m ◊yéT 2. We are We’re $j·TsY 3. You are You’re jÓ÷sY 4. They are They’re <˚sY 5. I have I’ve ◊yé 6. We have We’ve Myé 7. You have You’ve j·T÷yé 214

8.

They have

They’ve

9.

He has

He’s

10.

He is

He’s

11.

She has

She’s

12.

She is

She’s

13.

It has

It’s

14.

It is

It’s

15.

I had

I’d

16.

I would

I’d

17.

We had

We’d

18.

We would

We’d

19.

You had

You’d

20.

You would

You’d

21.

They had

They’d

22.

They would

They’d

23.

He had

He’d

24.

He would

He’d

25.

She had

She’d

26.

She would

She’d

27.

It had

It’d

28.

It would

It’d

29.

I will

I’ll

30.

We will

We’ll

31.

You will

You’ll

32.

They will

They’ll

215

<˚yé V”≤CŸ V”≤CŸ w”CŸ w”CŸ Ç{Ÿ‡ Ç{Ÿ‡ ◊&é ◊&é M&é M&é j·TT&é j·TT&é <˚&é <˚&é V”≤&é V”≤&é w”&é w”&é ◊{Ï&é ◊{Ï&é ◊˝Ÿ M˝Ÿ j·T÷˝Ÿ <˚˝Ÿ

33.

He will

He’ll

34.

She will

She’ll

35.

It will

It’ll

V”≤˝Ÿ w”˝Ÿ Ç{Ï˝Ÿ

NEGATIVE - e´‹πsø±s¡úeTT 36.

I am not

I’m not

37.

We are not

We aren’t

38.

He is not

He isn’t

39.

I was not

I was’nt

40.

They were not

They weren’t

41.

I have not

I haven’t

42.

He has not

He hasn’t

43.

She has not

She hasn’t

44.

I had not

I hadn’t

45.

I do not

I don’t

46.

He does not

He doesn’t

47.

I did not

I didn’t

48.

I will not

I won’t

49.

I shall not

I shan’t

50.

I would not

I wouldn’t

51.

I should not

I shouldn’t

52.

I must not

I mustn’t

◊yéT Hê{Ÿ e⁄jYT Äs¡Héº ÇVæ≤ áCŸ+{Ÿ ◊ yêCŸ+{Ÿ <˚ es¡Héº ◊ ùV≤yÓ+{Ÿ Væ≤ Vü‰CŸ+{Ÿ wæ Vü‰CŸ+{Ÿ ◊ ùV≤&ÉHéº ◊ &√Héº Væ≤ &ÉCŸ+{Ÿ ◊ &ç&ç+{Ÿ ◊ y√+{Ÿ ◊ cÕHéº ◊ ñ&É+{Ÿ ◊ wüß&ÉHéº ◊ eTCŸ+{Ÿ

53.

I could not

I couldn’t

◊ ≈£î&É+{Ÿ

54.

I cannot

I can’t

◊ ø±Héº

Note: Can not nì $&ÉBj·T≈£L&É<äT. cannot nì ø£*|æ sêj·÷*. 216

Already Again Any where Also Always Abundantly Almost Accurately Angrily Anxiously Alone Artificially Amazingly Awfully Before By and by Backward Barely Badly Beautifully Brightly Bitterly Boldly Bravely Certainly Completely Carefully Conveniently Clearly 217

ADVERBS Ç~ es¡πø eTs¡\ mø£ÿ&Ó’qqT ≈£L&Ü, j·TTqï m\¢|ü&ÉT $kÕÔs¡eTT>±/$X‚wü+>± düTe÷s¡T>± K∫Ñ·+>± ø√|ü+>± Ä‘·è‘·>± ˇ+≥]>± ø£èÁ‹eT+>± ÄX¯Ãs¡´+>± uÛÑj·T+ø£s¡+>± eTT+<äT>± yÓ+≥ yÓ+≥H˚ yÓqTø£≈£î dü]>± #Ó&ÉT>± n+<ä+>± Á|üø±X¯e÷q+>± #˚<äT>± <ÛÓ’s¡´+>± <ÛÓ’s¡´+>± ìX¯Ãj·T+>± |üP]Ô>± C≤Á>∑‘>Ô· ± nqTe⁄>± düŒwüºeTT>±

Closely Calmly Cheerfully Doubtlessly Dangerously Duly Directly Dearly Ever Elsewhere Enough Evenly eagerly Entirely Forward Foolishly Faithfully fairly Fast Greatefully Gladly Greatly Hereafter Henceforth Henceforward Here Herein Hither

<ä>sZ∑ >¡ ± Á|üXÊ+‘·+>± ñ˝≤¢dü+>± ìdü‡+X¯j·TeTT>± nbÕj·Tø££s¡+>± ‘·–q≥Tº>± Á|ü‘·´ø£å+>± Á|æj·T+>± m\¢y˚fi¯˝≤ y˚s¡Tdüú\eT+<äT #ê*q+‘· düeTeTT>± Ä‘·è‘·>± |üP]Ô>± eTT+<äT eT÷&ÛÉ‘·«+>± qeTàø£+>± düT+<äs¡+>±/>ös¡es¡í+>∑\ y˚>+∑ >± ø£è‘·»„‘·>± Äq+<ä+>± >=|üŒ>± Çø£qT+&ç Çø£MT<ä m≥Tô|’q Çø£ÿ&É Ç+<äT˝ÀqT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î 218

Hardly Hence Herewith Hereby Hereabout Hereof Hereon Hereto How Happily Hard Hopefully Instantly Indeed Indirectly Just Justly Jointly Late Loud Legally Largely Miserably Now Not yet Nay No 219

#ê©#ê\ø£ ø±ã{Ϻ Ç+<äT‘√ n+<äTeT÷\+>± á ÁbÕ+‘·+˝À Ç+<äTqT+∫ Ç+<äTMT<ä Ç+<äT≈£î m˝≤ dü+‘√wü+>± >∑{>ºÏ ± ÄXÊ»q+>± ‘·ø£åDy˚T s¡÷&Ûç>± |üs√ø£å+>± dü]>±, düTe÷s¡T>± Hê´j·T+>± ø£*dæ Ä\dü´+>± _>∑sZ >¡ ± #·≥ºã<ä∆+>± ô|<ä›yÓTT‘·Ô+>± ø£wüºeTT>± Ç|ü&ÉT Ç+ø£qT sê˝Ò<äT ˝Ò<äT ˝Ò<äT

Not Not at all Naturally Nearly Near Often Often times Openly Presently Plainly Properly Pleasantly Polisely Perfectly Poorly Proudly Personally Publicly Quickly Quite Quitly Really Richly Straightly Somewhere Slowly So

ø±<äT @$<Ûä+>±qT ø±<äT düVü≤»+>± <ä>sZ∑ >¡ ± <ä>sZ∑ >¡ ± |ü\Te÷s¡T¢ nH˚ø£ |üsê´j·TeTT\T ãVæ≤s¡+>∑+>± Ç|ü&ÉT düŒwüºeTT>± ‘·–q$<Ûä+>± / ‘·–q≥Tº>± dü+‘√wüø£s¡+>± eTsê´<ä>± dü+|üPs¡íeTT>± ;<ä>± >∑s«¡ +>± e´øÏÔ>∑‘·+>± ãVæ≤s¡+>∑+>± ‘=+<äs¡>± u§‹Ô>±, |üP]Ô>± ìX¯ÃeTT>± ì»eTT>± düeTè~∆>± H˚s¡T>± mø£ÿ&√ˇø£#√≥ HÓeTà~>± n+‘·, ÄÁ|üø±s¡+, ø£qTø£ 220

Scarcely Surely Strangely Swiftly Sadly Sincerely Soon Skilfully Specially Secretly Steadily Today Tomorrow Twice Thrice Thither Too Truly Then Therefore Thereby Thereof Thereto Therein Theron Therein Thereupon 221

#ê©#ê\≈£î+&Ü ìX¯Ãj·TeTT>± $+‘·>±, n<äT“¤‘·+>± e&ç>±, y˚>∑+>± u≤<Ûä>± ìwüÿ|ü≥yÓTÆq ‘·«s¡˝À, y˚>∑+>± H˚s¡TŒ>±, #ê‘·Ts¡´+‘√ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± s¡Vü≤dü´+>± ì\ø£&É>± ás√E πs|ü⁄ ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢ eTTe÷às¡T nø£ÿ&É≈£î ≈£L&Ü dü‘·´eTT>± n|ü&ÉT Ä|æeTà≥/ ø£qTø£ n+<äTe\q <ëìjÓTTø£ÿ nø£ÿ&É≈£î n+<äT˝À n+<äTô|’q n+<äTMT<ä nø£ÿ&ÉqT+&ç

Truthfully Thickly Together Upward Undoubtedly Unjustly Very Verily Weekly When Where Whither Whereabouts Whence Wherein Whereat Whereby Wherefore Why Whether Widely Wonderfully Wavily Yesterday Yearly

ì»+ #Óù|Œ~>± <ä≥ºeTT>± ø£*dæ ô|’øÏ dü+<˚Vü≤s¡Væ≤‘·+>± nHê´j·TeTT>± m≈£îÿe, $TøÏÿ* ì»eTT>± Á|ü‹yês¡+ m|ü&ÉT mø£ÿ&É mø£ÿ&É≈£î @düú\eTTq mø£ÿ&ÉqT+&ç @ #√≥˝À mø£ÿ&É n+<äTe\q m+<äTe\q m+<äT≈£î n~jÓ÷ / Ç~jÓ÷, nsTTqqT $XÊ\+>± ÄX¯Ãs¡´ø£s¡eTT>± ¬øs¡≥+˝≤ ìqï dü+e‘·‡s¡eTTq≈£î 222

SINGULAR NUMBER

PLURAL NUMBER

@ø£e#·qeTT Girl cow Bird Star House Book Class Bush Branch Match Dish Buffalo Hero Potato Mango Negro Leaf Calf Life Knife roof Hoof Dwarf Safe 223

ãVüQe#·qeTT Ä&É|\æ ¢ Äe⁄ |üøåÏ qø£Áå ‘·eTT Ç\T¢ |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT ‘·s>¡ ‹∑ bı<ä XÊK n–Z|⁄ü \¢ uÛÀ»q|ü<ës¡eú TT >π <Ó qHêj·T≈£î&ÉT ã +>±fi≤<ëT+|ü e÷$T&ç|+ü &ÉT ˙Á>√(C≤‹) Ä≈£î <ä÷&É J$‘·eTT ø£‹Ô Ç+{Ïø|£ ü –≥º eTs¡T>∑TE® ô|f…º

Girls Cows Birds Stars Houses Books Classes Bushes Branches Matches Dishes Buffaloes Heroes Potatoes Mangoes Negroes Leaves Calves Lives Knives Roofs Hoofs Dwarfs Safes

Ä&É|\æ \¢ T Äe⁄\T |ü≈îå£ \T qø£Áå ‘·eTT\T Çfi¯ófl |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT\T ‘·s>¡ ‘∑ T· \T bı<ä\T XÊK\T n–Z|⁄ü \¢\T uÛÀ»q|ü<ës¡eú TT\T >π <Ó\T qHêj·T≈£î\T ã +>±fi≤<ëT+|ü\T e÷$T&ç|+ü &ÉT¢ ˙Á>√\T Ä≈£î\T <ä÷&É\T J$‘ê\T ø£‘T· \Ô T Ç+{Ïø|£ ü \T –≥º\T eTTs¡T>∑TE®\T ô|f…\º T

q>∑se¡ TT Story ø£<ä∏ Army ôdq’ ´eTT Lady ô|<ä› Ç+{Ï ÅdÔ” Baby bÕ|ü Mango eTìwæ Woman ÅdÔ” Father-in-law e÷eT>±s¡T Mother-in-law n‘·>Ô ±s¡T Step-son düe‹ ø=&ÉT≈£î Step-mother düe‹ ‘·*¢ Maid-Servant Ä&É ùde≈£îsê\T commander-in-Chief ôdq ’ Hê´~Ûø±] Looker-on #·÷#·Tyê&ÉT Basis Ä<Ûës¡eTT analysis $uÛ»Ñ q Criterion \ø£Då eTT\T Crisis >∑+&ÉeTT PhenomenondüV≤ü »eTT>∑ »s¡T>∑Tq$ Hypothesis }Væ≤+∫q~ Axis nø£eå TT Madam ne÷à Index |ü{ºÏ Erratum n#·TÃ˝À ˝Òø£ Áyê‘·˝À ‘·|ü radium yê´düeTT City

q>∑se¡ TT\T Storis ø£<\ä∏ T Armies ôdq’ ´eTT\T Ladies ô|<ä› Ç+{Ï Åd\Ô” T Babies bÕ|ü\T Men eTqTwüß´\T Women Åd\Ô” T Fathers-in-law e÷eT>±s¡T¢ Mothers-in-law n‘·>Ô ±s¡T¢ Step-sons düe‹ø=&ÉT≈£î\T Step-mothers düe‹ ‘·\T¢\T Maid-servants Ä&É ùde≈£îsêfi¯ófl Commanders-in-chief ôdq ’ Hê´~Ûø±s¡T\T Lookers-on #·÷#·Tyês¡T Bases Ä<Ûës¡eTT\T Analyses $uÛ»Ñ q\T Criteria \ø£Då eTT\T Crises >∑+&ÉeTT\T Phenomena düV≤ü »eTT>± »s¡T>∑Tq$ Hyptheses }Væ≤+∫q$ Axes nø£eå TT\T Medames neTà\T Indices |ü{\º° T Errata n#·TÃ˝À ˝Òø£ Áyê‘·˝À ‘·|ü \T Radil yê´düeTT\T Cities

224

Brother Cloth Moral custom Spectacle Pain air Iron Force Advice

‘·eTTà&ÉT >∑T&ɶ ˙‹ Ä#ês¡eTT <äèX¯´eTT u≤<Ûä >±* ÇqTeTT ã\eTT dü\Vü‰

Brothers Cloths Morals Customs Spectacles Pains Airs Irons Forces

Advices SINGULAR & PLURAL

‘·eTTàfi¯ófl >∑T&É\¶ T ˙‘·T\T Ä#ês¡eTT\T <äèX¯´eTT\T u≤<Û\ä T >±\T\T X¯è+U˝≤\T ã\>∑eTT\T dü\Vü‰\T

Sheep Deer Cod Trout Swine Fish Fruit Fishes Saimon Pair (two pair)

>=Á¬s õ+ø£\T ‘·\>∑&`É ‘·\>∑&\É T (>∑+&ÉTMTqT`>∑+&ÉTMTqT\T) ‘Ó\¢ #˚|`ü ‘Ó\#¢ |˚ \ü T |ü+~`|ü+<äT\T #˚|`ü #˚|\ü T |ü+&ÉT`|ü+&ÉT¢ nq>± ãVüQs¡øy£ TÓ qÆ #˚|\ü T ˇø£ s¡ø|£ ⁄ü #˚|,ü #˚|\ü T »‘·`»‘·\T

SINGULAR

PLURAL

Colour

Colours

Custom

Customs

Effect Manner Moral 225

Effects Manners Morals

Number Pain

Numbers Pains

Premise

Premises

Quarter

Quarters

Spectacle Letter Ground Result Method A moral lesson a quantity suffering

Spectacles Letters Grounds Results property Methods correct behaviour Moral lessons conduct quantities verses sufferings care, exeertion

Proposition

Propositions buildings

Fourth part

Fourth parts lodgings

a sigh letter of alphabet epistle earth

sights eye-glasses letters of theh alphabet epistles, literature enclosed land attached to house

reason

reasons, dregs.

SOME WORDS IN THEIR SINGULAR FORM AND PLURAL FORM CONVEY DIFFERENT MEANINGS AS SINGULARS AND PLURALS Brother

brothers, sons of the samem parent. Brothren, members of a society or a 226

Cloth

Cloths, kinds or pieces of cloth, community, clothes, garments.

Die

dies, stamps for coining. Dice, small cubes used in games.

Fish

fishes, taken separately. Fish, collectively.

Genius

geniuses, persons of great talent. Genil, spirits

Index

indexes, tables of contents of books. Indices, signs used in algebra

Penny

pennies, number of coins. Pence, amount in value

Advice advices Air Airs Good being Goods compass Compasses Respect Respects Physic Physics Light

= = = = = = = = = = = = =

Lights People Peoples Powder Powders Practice Practices

= = = = = = =

227

counsel information atmosphere affected manners benefit, well being merchandise extent, range an instrument for drawing circles regard Compliments medicine Natural science (1) radiance (2) a lamp lamps (1) nation (2) men and women nations (1) dust 2) a dose of medicine in fine grains like dust Doses of medicine (1) habit (2) exercise of a profession Habits

SINGULAR

Commander-in-chief coat-of-mail son-in-law daughter-in-law step-son step-daughter maid-servant man-servant passer-by looker-on man-of-war church crash bus box buzz barracks crossroads headquarters means series species works (factory) potato tomato child foot goose louse man

PLURAL

Commanders-in-chief coats-of-mail sons-in-law daughters-in-law step sons step-daughters maid-servants men-servants passers-by lookers-on men-of-war churches crashes buses boxes buzzes barracks crossroads headquarters means series species works potatoes tomatoes children feet geese lice men 228

mouse ox penny person tooth woman calf elf half knife leaf life loaf self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf commando concerto eskimo kilo logo photo piano solo soprano buffalo tornado volcano 229

mice oxen pence people teeth women calves elves halves knives leaves lives loaves selves sheaves shelves thieves wives wolves commandos concertos eskimos kilos logos photos pianos solos sopranos buffalo(e)s tornado(e)s volcano(e)s

Active Voice I

I

I

I

I

I

I

} } } } } }

}

was / wasn’t am / aren’t will be / won’t be

}

(Shortcuts)

walking.

}

had / hadn’t have / haven’t will have / won’t have

walked.

had been / hadn’t been have been / haven’t been will have been / won’t have been

}

walking

}

walked / didn’t walk walk / don’t walk will walk / won’t walk

Passive Voice

}

was / wasn’t am / aren’t will be / won’t be was / wasn’t am / aren’t

}

scolded.

being scolded.

}

had been / hadn’t been have been / haven’t been will have been / won’t have been

scolded. 230

231

(It’s Ç{Ÿ‡)

It is

(She’s w”CŸ)

She is

(He’s V”≤CŸ )

He is

(They’re <˚s)Y

They are

(You’re jÓ÷sY)

You are

(We’re $j·TsY)

We are

(I’m ◊yéT)

I am

Yes

It isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

She isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

He isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

They aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)

You aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)

We aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)

I aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ)

No

Present - Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ (H˚qT ñHêïqT)

It will be

She will be

He will be

They will be

You will be

We will be

I will (I’ll)be

Yes

It won’t be

She won’t be

He won’t be

They won’t be

You won’t be

We won’t be

I won’t be

No

Future - uÛÑ$wü´‘Y˝À (H˚qT ñ+{≤qT)

Be Table

It was

She was

He was

They were

You were

We were

I was

Yes

It wasn’t

She wasn’t

He wasn’t

They weren’t

You weren’t

We weren’t

I wasn’t

No

Past - >∑‘·+˝À (H˚qT ñ+{Ïì)

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