Unix and Windows Kernel Comparison and System Calls

ASSIGNMENT Write a report to compare between UNIX and WINDOWS kernel and how both operating systems use system calls. Your Your report must include the ollowing sections! • •

• • • •

Introduction OS kernel structure "Uni#$ Windows%$ &rogramming 'anguages Similarities$ di(erences in structure OS system call "Uni#$ Windows% with some e#amples )onclusion*Summary +eerences ",&, style%

INTRODUCTION ,n operating system "OS% is a program that permits you to communicate with the &). It allows you to communicate with the hardware and sotware inst instal alle led d on your your comp comput uter er.. Oper Operat atin ing g sy syst stem ems s propro-id ide e two two type types s o  interaces. % DOS DOS wher where e we need need to type in a comm comman and d and and the the comp comput uter er will will respond to that particular command. /% With With 0UI 0UI we comm commun unic icat ate e with with the the comp comput uter er thor thorou ough gh graph graphic ical al inte inter rac aces es that that will will ha-e ha-e pict pictur ures es and and butt button ons s cont contrrolle olled d by the the keyboard keyboard and mouse. 1oth operating systems ha-e a competiti-e history and uture. Uni# has been being used or o-er three decades. Since the 2345s Uni#5s primary ri-al Windo Windows ws has pick picked up promi prominen nence ce becaus because e o the e#pan e#pandin ding g orce orce o  smaller scale microprocessors. Windows$ at the time$ was the main real OS intended or this kind o processors. ,s o late$ in any case$ another rendition o UNIX called 'inu#$ additionally particularly produced or miniaturi6ed scale &)s$ has de-eloped. It can be ac7uired or nothing and is conse7uently a lucrati-e decision or people and organi6ations.

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OS Kernel Structure (UNIX, Windows, !ro"r#$in" %#n"u#"es

, ?ernel is a principal segment o an operating system "OS%. It gi-es the plan and design points o interest made by de-elopers connected with the speci@c workin working g operat operating ing syste system. m. ori ma>ority ty o the genera generall popula populatio tion n around the globe utili6es the &) without knowing how it really works and what a kernel is.
Si$il#rities, Di&erences in Structure Similarities

1oth 'inu# and Windows ?ernels consume Bardware ,bstraction 'ayer or interaction o sotware with the hardware. ust swaps out and in the part memory when there is insuCcient and as a result o this the e#ecution is more intricate "Wallen$ /443%. Diferences

or Windows all representation operations are wearing in ?ernel windows$ all illustrations operations were done in the kernel or Windows 2#$ or the new N< orm ?ernel this was mo-ed basically or e#ecution reason. Eualities o  illustrations rendering are still a part o the OS center$ as contrasted and 'inu# 'inu# which which is re7u re7uent ently ly utili6 utili6ed ed as a part part o ser-er ser-ers. s. Web applic applicati ations ons ser-ers and supercomputers do ha-e a tendency to ha-e more e#ecution with no graphical interace.
OS s'ste$ c#ll (UNIX, Windows wit so$e e)#$*les Operating system uses kernel ob>ects to manage resources. ects are created by the system calls. In UNIX the system calls results in the creation o kernel ob>ects which returns an unsigned integer$ whereas in Windows$ windows ,&I are used to create the kernel ob>ects which return a data data type type call called ed hand handle le.. Bandl andle e repr epresen esents ts ob>e ob>ect cts s and and are are us used ed in identiying the speci@c ob>ect "Silberschat6$ 0al-in$ G 0agne$ /48%. System call transition is identically using this assembly instruction regardless regardless o any #3A OS$ but once it is inside ring 4 H almost e-erything can be di(erent. ,nd to make the transition rom rings$ it uses  S+SENTER  ,ND S+SEXIT system calls. 1ut or perormance wise$ e-ery OS implement a perH)&U task 7ueue or scheduling which tasks to be e#ecuted on which )&U H and this means e-ery tasks e#ecuted on each )&U is independent o tasks e#ecuting e#ecuting on other )&U H seldom do they coordinate among one another. ,nd e-en e-en thou though gh theo theorretic etical ally ly e-er e-ery y )&U )&U ha-e ha-e its its own own )+8 )+8 regis egiste ters rs$$ and thereore can ha-e di(erent memory page tables$ it is common to ha-e >ust ONJ page table in memory and share among the di(erent )&U H and it order not to step onto one another when writing these page tables$ you need some locks.

J#amples o windows system calls are "Silberschat6$ 0al-in$ G 0agne$ /48%! •

&rocess &rocess control control in windows windows uses )reate& )reate&ro rocess" cess"%$ %$ J#it&roc J#it&rocess"% ess"% and

•

WaitorSignalOb>ect"%. aitorSignalOb>ect"%. 'ikewise uni# uses ork"%$ e#it"% and wait"%. ile manipulation in windows uses )reateile"%$ +eadile"%$ Writeile"%

•

and )loseBandle"%. 'ikewise uni# uses open"%$ read"%$ write"%$ close"%. De-ice manipulation in windows uses Set)onsole;ode"%$ +ead)ons +ead)onsole"% ole"% and Write)onsol rite)onsole"%. e"%. 'ikewise 'ikewise uni# uses ioctl"%$ ioctl"%$ read"% read"% and write. Inorm Inormati ation on mainte maintenan nance ce in window windows s uses uses 0et)ur 0et)urre rent& nt&ro roce cessID ssID"%$ "%$ Set
ConclusionSu$$#r' ,s should be ob-ious$ both 'inu# and Windows working operating systems ha-e a kind o ?ernel. 1oth kernels kernels are with an alternate approach yet both perorm same unctions. ,mongst 'inu# and Windows kernels$ the distinction is that 'inu# is more similar to a kernel kernel that cleans e-erything on its approach to get more memory when it needs. 'ikewise you can do practically e-erything with the 'inu# part$ you ha-e boundless bo undless customi6ation potential outcomes. )ontrasted with the Windows kernel$ kernel$ you can5t do an e#cessi-e e#cessi-e number o things. Kust a couple capacities and i taking it serious with only the ;icrosot ha-ing an access to it.

RE-ERENCES +osko-o$ D. "/4A%. Windows ?ernel -s 'inu# ?ernel. +etrie-ed rom  
Fhu$ D. "/442%. ?ernel )omparison o