Glossary page 74 Fiction: Books and stories about imaginary people and events Non-Fiction: Books and stories about real people and events Bargains: Something bought for less than its usual price Biography: A book about the life of an important person written by someone else. Paperback: A book that has a soft paper cover. Explosive: Very powerful writing Social landscape: People’s area, lives, conditions etc. Compassion:
Hardback / Hardcover: A book that has a hard strong cover. Must-read A piece of writing that is so interesting Masterpiece: A work of high quality Laureate Someone who has been given an important prize/award Bilingual: Written in two languages Suspenseful: A story that makes you want to know what will happen next Literature: All the printed written information; books, newspapers, magazines, articles, leaflets etc. Selection:
Glossary page 74 Fiction: Books and stories about imaginary people and events Non-Fiction: Books and stories about real people and events Bargains: Something bought for less than its usual price Biography: A book about the life of an important person written by someone else. Paperback: A book that has a soft paper cover. Explosive: Very powerful writing Social landscape: People’s area, lives, conditions etc. Compassion:
Hardback / Hardcover: A book that has a hard strong cover. Must-read A piece of writing that is so interesting Masterpiece: A work of high quality Laureate Someone who has been given an important prize/award Bilingual: Written in two languages Suspenseful: A story that makes you want to know what will happen next Literature: All the printed written information; books, newspapers, magazines, articles, leaflets etc. Selection:
I can’t put it down
I find it very interesting
It’s a real page turner
I can’t stop reading it
I’m really into it
I’m interested in it
I can’t get into it
I don’t find it interesting
It doesn’t turn me on
I don’t find it exciting
I can’t get enough of it
I like it a lot
It’s not my style
I don’t enjoy this type
-hanger It’s a cliff -hanger
It has suspense
It’s not my type
I find it boring
It’s a fast read
It’s not too long
Describe Different Things Associated with Books
Books, Reading and Literature
Discuss with a Partner
Grammar 1 page 76 G11-G12 Noun Clauses Embedded Questions Yes/No- If-Whether Embedded Information Questions
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions • An embedded question is part of a larger sentence. It’s another way to express information that is not known. • It is like the hidden question of a noun clause. • An embedded question is a question that has been changed into a noun clause. • An embedded question noun clause can also be within (part) of a real question. • Embedded questions can be Yes/No questions or Information questions.
Noun Clause - Yes/No Embedded Questions 1. 2. 3. 4.
I don’t know if you are from Iran. I don’t know whether you can speak Italian. I don’t know if it’s cold in Afghanistan.
I am deciding whether the students need homework. 5. I am not sure if I will cook rice or pasta. 6. I haven’t decided whether the movie is scary. 7. I wonder if the students are happy. • These sentences are embedded questions because they have been changed into noun clauses. • They are Yes/No Embedded Questions.
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions • Is it a good movie This is a real yes/no question. As a noun clause embedded question: • I don’t know if/whether it is a good movie. Notice that in this form (noun clause) there is NO question mark because it is not a real question. But it acts like a question. It makes the person listening to you want to answer it. We can use either if or whether without any difference in meaning.
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions
I
didn’t hear what she said. subject
subject
Verb
Verb NOUN CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
To check the noun clause, we can re-phrase the sentence as “I didn’t hear it/that”
Noun Clause as Objects • To make a question noun clause as an object
D i d y o u h e a r w h a t s h e s a i d ? To check the noun clause, we can re-phrase the sentence as
“Did you hear it/that?” NOUN CLAUSE
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions Does he like coffee? (real question) I don’t know if he likes coffee.√ (Noun clause embedded question)
NOUN CLAUSE
I don’t know if he does like coffee. X
Auxiliary verbs are not used in the embedded question.
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions 1. 2. 3. 4.
I know where he is.√ I know where is he. X I don’t know what did he buy. X I don’t know what he bought. √
Why are numbers 2 and 3 incorrect? Embedded questions use normal word order Embedded question DO NOT use the auxiliary in the noun clause
Noun Clauses
Embedded Questions Yes/No
Noun Clauses
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions Embedded information questions start with question words. What are question words?
W6 + How Wh- question words
W ho W hat W hen W her e W hich W hy How
Noun Clauses
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions 1. Where did you buy it 2 . C a n y o u t e l l m e Yes/No Question Main Clause
you bought it Embedded Information Question Noun Clause
Number 1 is a real information question. • Number 2 is still a real question because it starts with CAN so it needs a question mark at the end. Note: using modals at the beginning of a sentence makes it a real question. • Number 2 can be defined as An Embedded yes/no information question. •
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions More Examples • Could you tell me what time it is? • Can you tell me if my taxi is here? • Do you know when the party starts? • I wonder where my pen is. • I don’t know which class to take. • I can’t remember what homework I have.
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions 1. Do you know whether we have a test next week? 2. I wonder whether she is finished. 3. I don’t remember who my teacher is. 4. Do you remember who my teacher is? 5. They forgot where he put the keys. 6. Can you tell me which floor the doctor is on 7. Would tell me how the computer works? •
Look at numbers 1, 4, 6 and 7. Notice that when a noun clause embedded question is within a real question you use a question mark.
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions with INFINITIVES •
Let me know where I can find that information
•
Let me know where to find that information.
•
I’m not sure who I should talk to.
•
I’m not sure who to talk to.
•
I’d like to know how I can repair it.
•
I’d like to know how to repair it.
DO NOT Use Infinitives after IF or WHY • I’m not sure if to talk about it. ✗ • I’m not sure whether to talk about it. ✓ • I’d like to know if to repair it. ✗ • I’d like to know whether to repair it. ✓ • Let me know if to read the newspaper. ✗ • Let me know when to read the newspaper. ✓ • I don’t know why to work. ✗ • I don’t know when to work. ✓
Noun Clause- Embedded Questions
Look at these Real Questions & Noun clause embedded Questions
Look at these Real Questions & Noun clause embedded Questions
Embedded Questions
Information Embedded Questions
Yes/No Embedded Questions
Embedded Information Questions
Embedded Question within a STATEMENT
Embedded Question within a STATEMENT
Embedded Question within a main QUESTION
Embedded Question within a main QUESTION
Grammar Self-check page 76
Grammar Self-check page 76
Grammar 2 page 78 G12-G13
Noun Clauses as Direct Objects
Types of Nouns
Nouns have jobs to do.
Nouns Become Subjects
Noun Sentence
Noun Sentence
Nouns as Direct Objects
Nouns as Direct Objects
Nouns as Direct Objects
What is a phrase, clause and sentence? What is a phrase? • A phrase is two or more words related words that work together that do not contain a subject and a verb. Examples • in jail • big monkey • running slowly
What is a phrase, clause and sentence? What is a clause? • A clause is two or more words related that work together and has a subject and a verb. • There are two types of clauses 1. Independent (or main) which can stand alone as a sentence 2. Dependant (or subordinate) which can not stand along as a complete sentence. Examples • Because he was crazy (dependent clause) • The monkey is sick (independent clause)
What is a phrase, clause and sentence? • What is a sentence? • A sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought. Some definitions will say that it must have a subject and a verb and final punctuation.
Examples: • I want to go home now. • When is the next movie? Notice that a sentence is a main or independent clause.
YOUR TURN Which are phrases, clauses or sentences? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What time is it? On the table On the way to the bank We talk. Because I’m tired When I go there When I arrive home Run
ANSWERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What time is it? (Sentence) On the table (Phrase) On the way to the bank (Phrase) We talk. (Sentence) Because I’m tired (Clause) When I go there (Clause) When I arrive home (Clause) Run (None, it’s just a word)
Your Turn
Ask your partner embedded questions
Embedded Information Questions
Answers
Practice 1. Could you tell me how much ______ ? costs this suit • does this suit cost • this suit costs • does cost this suit
4. How much money ______ last month? • we spent • spent we • did we spend • did we spent
2. Do you have any idea how long_____ out? • had they been going • they had been going • did they go • were they going
5. I'd like to know what _______. does that word mean • that word means • that word does mean • does mean that word
3. Do you know why _____ closing early today? • is the store • does the store be • will the store be • the store is
6. Do you know if _______ ? • are classes held on Sunday • classes are held on Sunday • classes holding on Sunday • are classes holding on Sunday
Practice 7. Steven can't remember____ last weekend. • what did he do • what he did • what was he doing • what had he done
10. My secretary doesn't remember _____________ a copy of the letter. • if he gave me • did he give me • when did he give me • whether did he give me
8. I don't know______ promoted or not. • if will I be • whether I will be • what I be will • if I will can
11. A: What is our new neighbor's name? B: I'm sorry. I don't remember ____________ . • what is his name • what his name is • what's is his name • whether his name is
9. I don't know ______ junk food or not. • if quit she eating • what she quit to eat • if she quit eating • whether did she quit eating
12. Joan can't remember _____ her new gloves. • where did she put • whether did she put • where she put • if she put
Practice 13. The patient doesn't remember when _________________ . • is his appointment • his appointment is • does he have an appointment • if he has an appointment 14. Could you tell me ___________ ? • who is responsible for cleaning the lab • who responsible for cleaning the lab is • who for the lab responsible is cleaning • whose responsibility for the cleaning lab 15. I'm sorry. I don't know _____________. • where is the bank • where the bank is • where has the bank • where the bank
Learning Strategy page 77, Conversation
Types of Nouns
Nouns as Direct Objects
Nouns as Direct Objects
What is a noun clause? • A noun clause is a group of words that function as a noun - and play the role of the subject, object, of a sentence. These clauses usually begin with a relative pronoun (that) or how, why, when, if, or whether.
Examples • Chocolates are unhealthy. (subject) • I think ( that) chocolates are unhealthy. (object) • The noun-clause is the receiver of the nonaction verb THINK, therefore the noun clause is an object.
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB • We studied Relative (adjective) Clauses in Unit 5. In Adjective clauses we are describing the noun. We use WHO or THAT to introduce the adjective clause. • In noun clauses we use THAT not to describe something we mentioned before, BUT to show the link to the main clause. • We use THAT to introduce the noun clause. • If the noun-clause is a direct object, we can remove THAT, but it is not necessary.
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB • Certain verbs especially those verbs which express mental activities or feelings are followed by noun-clauses. •
This makes the noun-clauses the direct objects of the verbs.
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB
I
You We They
Know Guess Believe Think Hope Suppose
This are verbs of mental activity
Direct Object of The verb
(that) she has a ticket
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB Direct object of the verb KNOW
I
Know
Non-action Mental/feeling
he passed the test
Noun Clause
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB Direct object of the verb GUESS
I
guess
Non-action Mental/feeling
(that) she left.
Noun Clause
Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB Direct object of the verb HOPE
I
hope
Non-action Mental/feeling
(that) the car is ready
Noun Clause
Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech – noun clauses
Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech – noun clauses
Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech – noun clauses • The verb tense changes to match the time WHEN we are speaking, just in reported speech.
I think it is cold.
I thought that it was cold.
I believe it is easy.
I believed that it was easy.
Replace Noun-Clause with
‘SO’
Noun clauses can be replaced with ‘SO’ in short answers. Yes, I think that she made it 1. Did Pam make it?
I think
so
I don’t think Tom made it.
2. Did Tom make it? I don’t think
so
Replace Noun-Clause with ‘SO’
Activity page 78
Grammar Self-check page 78
Grammar Self-check ANSWERS
the direct objects
that
Grammar Self-check page 78
Grammar Self-check ANSWERS
hoped, weren’t
The simple past The simple past
thought, had finished
simple past past perfect
Grammar Self-check page 78
Grammar Self-check ANSWERS noun clause
noun clause
Reading page 80
Reading Glossary page 80 Publisher: Account for: Circulation: Criticized: Immoral: Encourages: Visuals: Convenient: AIDS: Highly regarded: Increasingly: Guilty pleasure: Recognizable: Booming: Addicts: Vending machines: Consumed: Per Capita:
a person or company whose business is to print and sell books to make up an amount for something the average number of copies sold over a period of time people judge and say what is good and bad things that are wrong to make someone do something drawings, graphics, photos, pictures, diagrams art work easy and suitable Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome considered very important more and more over a period of time enjoy doing but feel ashamed able to identify remember selling a lot very popular like something you spend a lot of time doing it (money) a machine you buy hot and cold drinks from takes all your attention and time the average amount for each person
Reading ‘OPTION’ T80 1. Which country sells more comics a year? 2. How many copies of Shonen Jump are sold per week in Japan? 3. What opinion did many people have of comics when they first appeared? 4. What is one way comics can help young people?
Learning Strategy page 80, Reading
Reading Comprehension page 80
Reading Comprehension page 80
Graphic Organizer page T80, Exercice B
Cumulative Vocabulary Activity page 81 Write an example of reading material for each type or description given in the chart.
Cumulative Vocabulary Activity page 82
Learning Strategy page 82, Listening, C
Graphic Organizer page T83, Step 3
Writing page 83, Step 3
Writing page 84, D
Websites • http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/ O6%20Noun%20Clauses.html • http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/embedde dquestions.pdf • http://www.headsupenglish.com/index.php?option=com_conten t&task=view&id=265&Itemid=94 • http://english-zone.com/grammar/noun-clz1.html • Noun clause http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/O6%20N oun%20Clauses.html
• Embedded Questions http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/O20_Em bedded_Questions.html
