Unit 1 - Understand Basics of .NET Framework

Unit 1 Understand Basics of .NET Framework By, Asmatullah Khan, CL/CP, GIOE, Secunderabad

C!ntents 1 ) +  0

"e#ne $E% &rame'!r( List the *eatures !* net *rame'!r( "ra' and e-lain CL. architecture "iscuss ab!ut *rame '!r( class Library "e#ne icr!s!*t intermediate lan2ua2e

3 "iscuss C!mm!n ty-e system C%S, c!mm!n ty-e lan2ua2e C%L 4 List $E% lan2ua2es 5 List the Ad6anta2es !* net !6er C, C77, 8a6a 9 Intr!ducti!n t! C:$E% 1;"escribe inte2rated de6el!-ment en6ir!nment in c:net 11"escribe C:$E% '!r(in2 En6ir!nment and br!'se thr!u2h menus !n the menu bar 1)E-lain the hel- system 1+List the a--licati!ns !* .net Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

)

$E% &rame'!r( 

%he $E% &rame'!r( is a de6el!-ment -lat*!rm *!r buildin2 a--s *!r =ind!'s, =ind!'s Ph!ne, =ind!'s Ser6er, and icr!s!*t A>ure



It c!nsists !* the c!mm!n lan2ua2e runtime ?CL.@'hich and the $E% &rame'!r( class library, includes classes, inter*aces, and 6alue ty-es that su--!rt an etensi6e ran2e !* techn!l!2ies



%he $E% &rame'!r( -r!6ides a mana2ed eecuti!n en6ir!nment, sim-li#ed de6el!-ment and de-l!yment, and inte2rati!n 'ith a 6ariety !* -r!2rammin2 lan2ua2es, includin2 isual Basic and isual C: Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

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$E% &rame'!r( Ser6ices 1. Memory management. In many -r!2rammin2 lan2ua2es, -r!2rammers are res-!nsible *!r all!catin2 and releasin2 mem!ry and *!r handlin2 !bect li*etimes In $E% &rame'!r( a--licati!ns, the CL. -r!6ides these ser6ices !n behal* !* the a--licati!n 2. A common type system. In traditi!nal -r!2rammin2 lan2ua2es, basic ty-es are de#ned by the c!m-iler, 'hich c!m-licates cr!ss< lan2ua2e inter!-erability In the $E% &rame'!r(, basic ty-es are de#ned by thethat $E% &rame'!r( ty-e system and are c!mm!n t! all lan2ua2es tar2et the $E% &rame'!r( 3. An extensie c!ass !i"rary. Instead !* ha6in2 t! 'rite 6ast am!unts !* c!de t! handle c!mm!n l!'
Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(



$E% &rame'!r( Ser6ices &. 'ang(age interopera"i!ity. Lan2ua2e c!m-ilers that tar2et the $E% &rame'!r( emit an intermediate c!de named C!mm!n Intermediate Lan2ua2e ?CIL@, 'hich, in turn, is c!m-iled at run time by the c!mm!n lan2ua2e runtime =ith this *eature, r!utines 'ritten in !ne lan2ua2e are accessible t! !ther lan2ua2es, and -r!2rammers can *!cus !n creatin2 a--licati!ns in their -re*erred lan2ua2e !r lan2ua2es ). *ersion compati"i! ity =ith rare ece-ti!ns, a--licati!ns that are de6el!-ed by usin2 a -articular 6ersi!n !* the $E% &rame'!r( can run 'ith!ut m!di#cati!n !n a later 6ersi!n +. ,ide-"y-side exec(tion. %he $E% &rame'!r( hel-s res!l6e 6ersi!n c!nicts by all!'in2 multi-le 6ersi!ns !* the c!mm!n lan2ua2e runtime t! eist !n the same c!m-uter %his means that multi-le 6ersi!ns !* a--licati!ns can als! c!eist, and that an a--licati!n can run !n the 6ersi!n !* the $E% &rame'!r( 'ith 'hich it 'as built . M(!titargeting. By tar2etin2 the $E% &rame'!r( P!rtable Class Library, de6el!-ers can create assemblies that '!r( !n multi-le $E% &rame'!r( -lat*!rms, such as =ind!'s 4, =ind!'s 5, =ind!'s 51, =ind!'s 1;, =ind!'s Ph!ne, and Db! +3; Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

0

$E% &rame'!r( &eatures .Net Framework 2./ Feat(res

.Net Framework 3./03.& Feat(res

 A"O$E%



);  SL Ser6er data -r!6ider ?SFlClient@ 

DL

 $E%

.em!tin2  ASP$E% );

   

=ind!'s Presentati!n &!undati!n ?=P&@ =ind!'s C!mmunicati!n &!undati!n ?=C&@ =ind!'s =!r(!' &!undati!n ?==&@ =ind!'s Card S-ace ?=CS@ C!re $e' &eatures and Im-r!6ements       

1)/;5/13

Aut! Im-lemented Im-licit %y-ed l!cal 6ariable Im-licitly %y-ed Arrays An!nym!us %y-es Etensi!n eth!ds ?+0 ne' *eature@ Obect and C!llecti!n Initiali>ers Lambda E-ressi!ns

Unit1
3

$E% &rame'!r( &eatures .Net Framework #./ Feat(res

.Net Framework #.& Feat(res





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A--licati!n C!m-atibility and "e-l!yment C!re $e' &eatures and Im-r!6ements    

       

Bi2Inte2er and C!m-le $umbers %u-les C!6ariance and C!ntra6ariance "ynamic Lan2ua2e .untime

ana2ed Etensibility &rame'!r( Parallel C!m-utin2 $et'!r(in2 =eb Client "ata =ind!'s C!mmunicati!n &!undati!n =ind!'s =!r(!' &!undati!n

1)/;5/13

 

  

 

$E% *!r =ind!'s St!re A--s P!rtable Class Libraries C!re $e' &eatures and Im-r!6ements %!!ls Parallel C!m-utin2 =eb =ind!'s Presentati!n &!undati!n ?=P&@ =ind!'s C!mmunicati!n &!undati!n ?=C&@ =ind!'s =!r(!' &!undati!n ?=&@

Unit1
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C!m-!nents !* $E% < CL., &CL, C%S, CLS, ISL  

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$E% is tiered, m!dular, and hierarchal Each tier !* the $E% &rame'!r( is a layer !* abstracti!n $E% lan2ua2es are the t!- tier and the m!st abstracted le6el

Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

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C!m-!nents !* $E% < CL. Architecture 

%he $E% &rame'!r( -r!6ides a run


T%e common !ang(age r(ntime makes it easy to design components and app!ications w%ose o"ects interact across !ang(ages.

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"ects written in dierent !ang(ages can comm(nicate wit% eac% ot%er4 and t%eir "e%aiors can "e tig%t!y integrated.



&!r eam-le,  

y!u can de#ne a class and then use a diJerent lan2ua2e t! deri6e a class *r!m y!ur !ri2inal class !r call a meth!d !n the !ri2inal class !u can als! -ass an instance !* a class t! a meth!d !* a class 'ritten in a diJerent lan2ua2e Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

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Bene#ts !* CL. 

5erformance improements.

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T%e a"i!ity to easi!y (se components dee!oped in ot%er !ang(ages.

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Extensi"!e types proided "y a c!ass !i"rary.

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'ang(age feat(res s(c% as in%eritance4 interfaces4 and oer!oading for o"ect-oriented programming.

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,(pport for exp!icit free t%reading t%at a!!ows creation of m(!tit%readed4 sca!a"!e app!ications.

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,(pport for str(ct(red exception %and!ing.

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,(pport for c(stom attri"(tes.

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6ar"age co!!ection.

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Use of de!egates instead of f(nction pointers for increased type safety and sec(rity.

Su--!rts m!re than +/ Lan2ua2es

Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

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C!m-!nents !* $E% < &CL 

.Net Framework 7!ass 'i"rary ?&CL@ is als! called as Base Class Library and it is c!mm!n *!r all ty-es !* a--licati!ns ie, the 'ay y!u access the Library Classes and eth!ds in B$E% 'ill be the same in C:, and it is c!mm!n *!r all !ther lan2ua2es in $E%

=ind!'s A--licati!n 1 C!ns!le A--licati!n ) =eb A--licati!n + DL =eb Ser6ices  =ind!'s Ser6ices 

In sh!rt, de6el!-ers ust need t! im-!rt the BCL in their lan2ua2e c!de and use its -rede#ned meth!ds and -r!-erties t! im-lement c!mm!n and c!m-le *uncti!ns li(e readin2 and 'ritin2 t! #le, 2ra-hic renderin2, database interacti!n, and DL d!cument mani-ulati!n Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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C!m-!nents !* $E%  C%S 

7ommon Type ,ystem 97T,: de#nes h!' data ty-es are declared, used, and mana2ed in the runtime, and is als! an im-!rtant -art !* the runtimeMs su--!rt *!r the Cr!ss< Lan2ua2e Inte2rati!n



%he c!mm!n ty-e system -er*!rms the *!ll!'in2 *uncti!ns 1 Establishes a *rame'!r( that enables cr!ss
&rame'!r(

1)

C!m-!nents !* $E%  CLS 

CLS stands *!r C!mm!n Lan2ua2e S-eci#cati!n and it is a subset !* C%S



It de#nes a set !* rules and restricti!ns that e6ery lan2ua2e must *!ll!' 'hich runs under $E% *rame'!r( %he lan2ua2es 'hich *!ll!'s these set !* rules are said t! be CLS C!m-liant

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In sim-le '!rds, CLS enables cr!ss
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For examp!e, 



!ne rule is that y!u cann!t use multi-le inheritance 'ithin $E% &rame'!r( As y!u (n!' C77 su--!rts multi-le inheritance butN 'hen y!u 'ill try t! use that C77 c!de 'ithin C:, it is n!t -!ssible because C: d!esnMt su--!rts multi-le inheritance One an!ther rule is that y!u cann!t ha6e members 'ith same name 'ith case diJerence !nly ie y!u cann!t ha6e add?@ and Add?@ meth!ds %his easily '!r(s in C: because it is case
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C!m-!nents !* $E%  SIL  C!m-ilati!n

!* a $E% -r!2ram d!esnt result in an eecutable c!de Its !ut-ut is a #le that c!ntains a s-ecial ty-e !* -seud! c!de called icr!s!*t Intermediate Lan2ua2e ?SIL@

 SIL

c!ntains a set !* -!rtable instructi!ns that are inde-endent !* any s-eci#c CPU Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es %he

$E% Plat*!rm -r!2rammin2 lan2ua2es use $E% &rame'!r( ser6ices and *eatures thr!u2h a c!mm!n set !* uni#ed classes

%he

$E% uni#ed classes -r!6ide a c!nsistent meth!d !* accessin2 the -lat*!rms *uncti!nality

Such

as, isual Basic $E%, isual C:, ana2ed Etensi!ns *!r C77, and many !ther -r!2rammin2 lan2ua2es *r!m 6ari!us 6end!rs Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  B$E% isual

Basic $E% is the net 2enerati!n !* the isual Basic lan2ua2e *r!m icr!s!*t



=ith isual Basic y!u can $E% and a--licati!ns, includin2 =ebbuild ser6ices ASP$E% =eb a--licati!ns, Fuic(ly and easily

A--licati!ns

made 'ith isual Basic are built !n the ser6ices !* the c!mm!n lan2ua2e runtime and ta(e ad6anta2e !* the $E% &rame'!r( Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  C:$E% 

isual C: ?-r!n!unced C shar-@ is desi2ned t! be a *ast and easy 'ay t! create $E% a--licati!ns, includin2 =eb ser6ices and ASP$E% =eb a--licati!ns



A--licati!ns 'ritten in isual C: are built !n the ser6ices !* the c!mm!n lan2ua2e runtime and ta(e *ull ad6anta2e !* the $E% &rame'!r(



C: is a sim-le, ele2ant, ty-e


Any!ne *amiliar 'ith C and similar lan2ua2es 'ill #nd *e' -r!blems in ada-tin2 t! C: C: is desi2ned t! brin2 ra-id de6el!-ment t! the C77 -r!2rammer 'ith!ut sacri#cin2 the -!'er and c!ntr!l that are a hallmar( !* C and C77 Because !* this herita2e, C: has a hi2h de2ree !* #delity 'ith C and C77, and de6el!-ers *amiliar 'ith these lan2ua2es can Fuic(ly bec!me -r!ducti6e in C:



C: -r!6ides intrinsic c!de trust mechanisms *!r a hi2h le6el !* security, 2arba2e c!llecti!n, and ty-e sa*ety C: su--!rts sin2le inheritance and creates icr!s!*t intermediate lan2ua2e ?SIL@ as in-ut t! nati6e c!de c!m-ilers

Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E% 1)/;5/13

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  C77$E% 

isual C77 $E% is the net 2enerati!n !* the isual C77 lan2ua2e *r!m icr!s!*t



isual C77 has al'ays been the best lan2ua2e *!r creatin2 hi2h<-er*!rmance a--licati!ns *!r icr!s!*t =ind!'s and the =!rld =ide =eb



isual C77 -r!6ides a number !* im-!rtant libraries t! hel- y!u c!de a--licati!ns, includin2 1 Acti6e %em-late Library ?a set !* tem-late
&rame'!r(

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  %.A$SAC% SL 

%ransact


!u can als! use %ransact


%ransact


Note; isual "atabase %!!ls can als! c!nnect t! an Oracle database =hen y!u are usin2 an Oracle database, isual "atabase %!!ls c!rrectly handle Oracle
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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  =I$"O=S SC.IP% OS% ?=S@ 

=ind!'s Scri-t !st ?=S@ is a lan2ua2e


=ith =S, icr!s!*t !Jers BScri-t, 8Scri-t, and 8Scri-t $E% scri-tin2 en2ines



%hese scri-tin2 lan2ua2es can be used in the ASP -a2es !* a =eb ser6er, in %L -a2es that run in Internet E-l!rer, and in =ind!'s Scri-t !st scri-tin2 en2ines !n =ind!'s 95 and =ind!'s );;;



=S can aut!mate administrati6e tas(s !n a ser6er, usin2 any scri-tin2 lan2ua2e



For examp!e, an administrat!r can 'rite BScri-t t! create a ne' 6irtual direct!ry and then, 'ith =S '!r(in2 in the bac(2r!und, run the scri-t #le *r!m the c!mmand line t! create a ne' 6irtual direct!ry !n the =eb site In additi!n, administrat!rs can 'rite a sin2le scri-t t! tar2et multi-le =eb sites !r multi-le -hysical ser6ers Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

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List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  BScri-t 

icr!s!*t isual Basic Scri-tin2 Editi!n ?BScri-t@ is a subset !* icr!s!*t isual Basic



BScri-t is s-eci#cally desi2ned t! '!r( in Internet E-l!rer ?IE@ br!'sers, it d!es n!t include *eatures that are n!rmally !utside the sc!-e !* scri-tin2, such as #le access and -rintin2 !'e6er, it is c!mm!n t! use the &ileSystem Obect 'ith BScri-t t! mani-ulate #les



BScri-t is a *ast, -!rtable, inter-reted, !bect


BScri-t is a l!!sely ty-ed lan2ua2e L!!sely ty-ed means y!u d! n!t ha6e t! declare the data ty-es !* 6ariables e-licitly In *act, y!u cann!t e-licitly declare data ty-es in BScri-t



!re!6er, in many cases BScri-t -er*!rms c!n6ersi!ns aut!matically 'hen needed &!r instance, i* y!u add a number t! an item c!nsistin2 !* tet ?a strin2@, the number is c!n6erted t! tet Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

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&rame'!r(

)1

List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  8Scri-t 

icr!s!*t 8Scri-t is desi2ned *!r =eb -a2e scri-tin2



8Scri-t is a -!'er*ul scri-tin2 lan2ua2e s-eci#cally tar2eted at the Internet Li(e BScri-t, 8Scri-t is an inter-reted, !bect


8Scri-t runs !n b!th Internet E-l!rer and $etsca-e br!'sers



Li(e BScri-t, 8Scri-t tal(s t! h!st a--licati!ns usin2 =ind!'s Scri-t !st =ith =ind!'s Scri-t !st, br!'sers and !ther h!st a--licati!ns d! n!t reFuire s-ecial inte2rati!n c!de *!r each scri-tin2 c!m-!nent



8Scri-t is a l!!sely ty-ed lan2ua2e L!!sely ty-ed means y!u d! n!t ha6e t! declare the data ty-es !* 6ariables e-licitly In *act, y!u cann!t e-licitly declare data ty-es in 8Scri-t



!re!6er, in many cases 8Scri-t -er*!rms c!n6ersi!ns aut!matically 'hen needed &!r instance, i* y!u add a number t! an item c!nsistin2 !* tet ?a strin2@, the number is c!n6erted t! tet Unit 1 < Understand Basics !* $E%

1)/;5/13

&rame'!r(

))

List !* $E% Lan2ua2es  Alternati6e Lan2ua2es 

icr!s!*t -artners 'ith many c!m-anies t! brin2 their lan2ua2es t! the $E% Plat*!rm In additi!n t! the lan2ua2es -r!6ided by icr!s!*t, there are many alternati6e lan2ua2es that tar2et the $E% Plat*!rm, includin2 1

COBOL *!r icr!s!*t $E%

) +  0 3 4 5 9 1; 11 1)

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"e6el!-ers can use $E% t! desi2n a--licati!ns *!r s-eci#c business *uncti!ns such as #nance, C., su--ly mana2ement etc It can als! be used t! reati!n Pr!6ides -lat*!rms, t!!ls, and a -r!2rammin2 en6ir!nment *!r addressin2 the desi2n and !6erall mana2ement !* distributed and multied access and deli6ery !* -r!ducts and ser6ices t! the user *r!m a sin2le startin2 -!int *!r mana2in2 6ari!us a--licati!ns, such as eati!n el-s inte2rate 6ari!us c!mmunicati!ns media, such as e
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C: su--!rts 2eneric meth!ds and ty-es, 'hich -r!6ide increased ty-e sa*ety and -er*!rmance, and iterat!rs, 'hich enable im-lementers !* c!llecti!n classes t! de#ne cust!m iterati!n beha6i!rs that are sim-le t! use by client c!de

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isual Studi! is the Inte2rated "e6el!-ment En6ir!nment in 'hich de6el!-ers '!r( 'hen creatin2 -r!2rams in !ne !* many lan2ua2es, includin2 C:, *!r the $E% &rame'!r( 

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S I"E );1; < %!!lb! and S!luti!n E-l!rer 

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S!luti!ns and -r!ects c!ntain items that re-resent the re*erences, data c!nnecti!ns, *!lders, and #les that y!u need t! create y!ur a--licati!n A s!luti!n c!ntainer can c!ntain multi-le -r!ects and a -r!ect c!ntainer ty-ically c!ntains multi-le items

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Pr!-erties, Build T "ebu2 enu 

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Each c!ntr!l 'e ha6e !n !ur user inter*ace has l!ts !* Pr!-erties 'e can set, this is d!ne in the Pr!-erties 'ind!'

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I* the build is success*ul, the status -ane dis-lays a Build Succeeded messa2e

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I* there 'ere build err!rs, the Error 'ist 'ind!' a--ears bel!' the edit!r/ desi2ner 'ind!' 'ith a list !* err!rs "!uble
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isual Studi! el- System  S"$ Library •

6etting started

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• • • •

7ommon tasks

• • • • •

• • •

Tec%no!ogies

• • • •

App!ication !ifecyc!e management 9A'M: ,amp!es and wa!kt%ro(g%s Additiona! reso(rces

• • • • • • •

• • •

• •

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