These notes are created by me for the benefit of those who are keen to gain a theoritical introduction to South Indian Classical Music which is also popularly known as Carnatic Music. Thi…Full description
Fundamentals of IEC 61850
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Basic commands and shortcuts to workaround Tekla Structures. A basic Walkthrough
A paper outlining the basics of safety signs and labels in the workplace. OSHA requirements, ANSI standards, etc...
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BASICS OF SUMMARIZING Summarizing is important skill because it helps you: Deepen your understanding of the text Learn to identify relevant information or key ideas Combine details r examples that support the main idea Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key words presented in the text; and Capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and concisely.
You are not summarizing when you: Write down everything Write down the ideas from the text word-for-word Write down incoherent and irrelevant ideas; Write down ideas that are not stated in the text; or write down a summary that has the same length or is longer than the original text
GUIDELINES IN SUMMARIZING 1. Clarify your purpose before you read 2. Read the text and understand the meaning 3. Select and underline or encircle the key ideas and phrases while reading 4. Write all the key ideas and phrases you identified on the margins or on your notebook in bullet or in outline form. 5. Without looking at the text, identify the connections of these key ideas and phrases using a concept map. 6. List your ideas in sentence form in a concept map. 7. Combine the sentences into a paragraph. Use appropriate transitional devices to improve cohesion 8. Ensure that you do not copy a single sentence from the original text 9. Refrain from adding comments about the text. Stick to the ideas it presents 10. Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating redundant ideas 11. Compare your output with the original text to ensure accuracy 12. Record the detail of the original source. 13. Format your summary properly. When you combine your summary in paragraph, use different formats to show variety writing. FORMATS INSUMMARIZING 1. Idea heading format -in this format the summarized idea comes before the citation Ex. Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the potential to help public officials improve the performance of local services (Folz, 2004; Ammons, 2001). Once the practice of a particular city is benchmarked, it can be a guidepost and the basis for the other counterparts to improve its own. 2. Author heading format -in ths format, the summarized idea comes after the citation. The author’s name/s is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb. Ex. The considerable number of users of FB has led educators to utilize FB for communicating with their students (Grant 2008; as cited in Donmus 2010 ). The study of Kabila, Ahmad and Abidin (2010) shows that the students perceived FB has an online environment to expedite language earning specifically English. Donmus (2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate learning process and make students’ learning environment more engaging. As regards literacy, this notions reveals that FB could be used as a tool to use individuals execute a range of
social acts through social literacy implementation (ibid). blackstone and Hardwood (2012) suggests the facilitative strength of fb as it elicits greater engagement on collaboration among students. 3. Date Heading Format 4. –in this format, the summarized idea comes after the date when the material was published. Ex On theother hand, active participation of the citizens in development contributes to a sound and reasonable government decisions . In their 2004 study on the impact of participatory development approach, Irvin and Standsbury argue that participation can be valuable to the participants and the government in terms of the process and outcomes of decision-making. USING REPORT VERBS WHEN SUMMARIZING A reporting verb is a word used to discuss another person’s writing or assertions. They are generally used to incorporate the source to the discussion in the text. Ex. - The reporting verbs are italized Having a syntactically correct sentence is not enough to create meaning. As Noam Chomsky pointed out, a sentence can be perfect in terms of syntax and still not sense. He showed this by coming up with the famous sentence, “colorless ideas sleep furiously” (Chomsky, 1957) - In summarizing, you are highly encouraged to vary the verbs you used to make your writing more interesting and to show importance to each of your sources. You can use either the past or the present tense depending on your meaning. Using the past tense usuallyindicates ypu view the idea to be outdated and therefore want to negate it. On the other hand, using present tense generally indicate that you view the idea to be relevant or agreeable. Hyland (1999) lists a frequency or reporting verbs used according to discipline. discipline Reporting verbs from left to right, most common to least commmon Biology describe find report show suggest Observe Marketing
