Typhoon Meranti (2016).pdf

Typhoon Meranti (2016) This article is about the 2016 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon see  Typhoon Meranti. Meranti.

dered over its own track while consolidating. [7]

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Six hours later, the JTWC estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 285 km/h (180 mph), equivalent to Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson the  Saffir–Simpson scale, scale, while noting “an extremely favorable environment”, and that the eye became even more symmetric within intense convection. [16] Outflow enhanced by a strong anticyclone over Meranti fueled the intensification,[17] and the typhoon peaked in intensity on September September 13 while passing through the Luzon the Luzon Strait. Strait.

Northerly wind shear shifted the deepest convection to the south of Meranti’s circulation, [8] although although rainbands Typhoon Meranti, known known in the the Philip Philippi pine ness as Ty- and a central a  central dense overcast  continued to evolve as the phoon phoon Ferdie Ferdie, was was one one of the the most most inte intens nsee trop tropii- wind shear shear decreas decreased. ed.[9] By earl earlyy on Septe Septemb mber er 11, cal cyclo cyclones nes on record, record, impacti impacting ng the   Batanes   in the the storm’s movement was steady to the west-northwest, Philippines,, Taiwan Philippines  Taiwan,, as well as Fujian as  Fujian,, China in Septem- south of the ridge. [10] At 06:00 UTC that day, the JMA ber 2016. The fourteenth named storm of the  annual ty- upgraded upgraded Meranti Meranti to typhoon typhoon status, status,[11] and shortl shortlyy therethere[12] phoon season, season, Meranti was the strongest  typhoon  typhoon since  since after the JTWC followed suit. The storm’s structure Typhoon Megi in Megi in 2010  2010 in  in terms of pressure, the strongest strongest continued to improve, with increased outflow. [13] A small since Typhoon since  Typhoon Haiyan of 2013 of  2013   in terms of   maximum eye eye 9  9 km (5.6 mi) across developed within the spiraling sustained sustain ed winds winds,, as well as the strongest tropical cyclone thunder thundersto storms, rms, signali signaling ng that Meranti Meranti was rapidl rapidlyy intensi[14] worldwide in 2016. fying.. At 06:00 UTC on September 12, the JTWC upfying graded Meranti to a super a  super typhoon, typhoon, with 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph). [15]

Meteo Meteoro rolo logi gical cal his histor tory y

The JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) and a minimum barometric minimum  barometric pressure of sure  of 890 hPa 890  hPa (  (mbar mbar;; 26.28 inHg 26.28 inHg), ),[18] while the JTWC estimated peak 1-minute sustained winds of 305 km/h (190 mph). mph).[19] Based Based on the JMA press pressure ure estim estimate ate,, Me Merranti was among the  most intense tropical cyclones. cyclones . The JTWC wind estimate made Meranti the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2016, surpassing Cyclone surpassing Cyclone Winston, Winston, which had winds of 285 km/h (180 mph) when it struck Fiji in Fiji  in February. February.[20]

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

On Septe Septemb mber er 8, the  the   Joint Typhoon Warning Center [nb 1] (JTWC) issued a Tropical a  Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for an area of convection of  convection about  about 155 km (96 mi) west of Guam in Guam  in the western western Pacific Pacific Ocean. Accor According ding to the agency, the circulation was rapidly consolidating alongside fragmented  fragmented   rainbands. rainbands.[2] At 18:00 UTC 18:00  UTC  that night, the Japan the  Japan Meteorological Agency  (JMA)[nb 2] classified the system as a depression. [4] The next day, the JTWC class classifi ified ed it as Tropi TropicalDepr calDepres essi sion on 16W. 16W. By that that time time,, the the nascent system was moving slowly west-northwestward through a region of low   wind shear, shear, steered by  ridges to the north and southwest. southwest. Increasing Increasing but fragmented fragmented convection, or thunderstorms, was fueled by unusually warm water warm  water temperatures and temperatures  and outflow  outflow from  from the south.[5] At 06:00 UTC on September 10, the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Meranti, [6] which mean-

Late on September 13, the storm made landfall on the 83 km2 (32 sq mi) island of  Itbayat  in the Philippine province of Batanes of  Batanes while  while near its peak intensity.[21] At around 03:05 CST  on September 15 (19:05 UTC on Septem September ber 14), Meranti Meranti made made landf landfall over over Xia Xiang'an ng'an District,,  Xiamen trict  Xiamen in  in  Fujian  Fujian,, China with measured 2-minute susta sustaine ined d winds winds of 173 km/h km/h (108 (108 mph), mph),[22] makin makingg it the strongest typhoon to ever make landfall in China’s  Fujian Province..[23] Province

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REFERENCES 

Yongchun County destroyed an 871-year-old bridge that was classified as a protected heritage site. [25][31] Flooding in Zhejiang claimed at least ten lives and left four others missing. At least 902 homes collapsed and 1.5 million people in the province were affected. [30]

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The eye of Meranti passed directly over Itbayat at 17:35 UTC on September 13

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Impact Philippines

Meranti struck the northernmost Philippine province of Batanes at peak strength, passing directly over the island of Itbayat; the island was left isolated after communications were lost during the storm on September 14. [24] From text messages received by family members, residents in Itbayat reported their stone homes to be swaying during the height of the typhoon. [25] Assessments as of September 17 indicated that 292 homes were destroyed and 932 were damaged across the Batanes. More than 10,000 people were affected by the storm, with many in dire need of water. A state of calamity  was declared for the province on September 15. Total damage exceeds an approximate total of  ₱244.8 million (US$5.13 million) as of September 21.[24] Government relief efforts reached Itbayat on September 18, reporting no casualties on the island.[26]

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Taiwan

At least two people were killed in Taiwan. [27] Nearly 1 million households lost power and 720,000 lost water supplies.[28] Agricultural damage exceeded NT$850 million (US$27 million).[29] A small lighthouse in  Taitung County collapsed and rough seas unmoored 10 vessels in Kaohsiung Harbor.[25]

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Mainland China

Typhoon Meranti wrought extensive damage across Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. In Fujian, the storm killed 18 people and left 11 others missing. Typhoon-force winds and flash floods caused tremendous damage, leaving more than ¥16.9 billion (US$2.6 billion) in economic losses. The cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou were left paralyzed in Meranti’s wake.[30] Flash floods in

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See also •

 Typhoon Wayne (1983)

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  Typhoon Longwang

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  Typhoon Fanapi

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 Typhoon Usagi (2013)

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  Typhoon Soudelor

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 Typhoon Nepartak (2016)

Notes

[1] The   Joint Typhoon Warning Center  is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1] [2] The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[3]

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References

[1] Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011).   “Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement”. United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2011-11-30. [2]   Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert  (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 8, 2016. Archived from   the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016. [3]   “Latest Advisories on Current Tropical Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons”. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [4]  “RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory”. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [5] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 001 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [6] “TS 1614 (Meranti) Upgraded from TD”. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.

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[7] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 002 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 9, 2016. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [8] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 004 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 9, 2016. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [9] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 009 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 10, 2016. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [10] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 010 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [11] “TY 1614 (Meranti) Upgraded fromTS”. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [12]   Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 011   (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [13] Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 012 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.

[21] Smith, Nicola (14 September 2016). “Typhoon Meranti: fears for tiny Philippine island in eye of a megastorm”. The Guardian. Taipei. Retrieved 14 September 2016. [22]   "15320"  (in Chinese).   National Meteorological Center. September 14, 2016. Archived from  the original   on September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016. [23]  “Typhoon Meranti lashes China after pounding Taiwan”. Sechylles News . Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 15 September 2016. [24]   SitRep No. 07 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Typhoon “Ferdie” (I.N. Meranti)  (PDF) (Report). The Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016. [25] Eric Chaney and Sean Breslin (September 17, 2016). “At Least 15 Dead, 14 Missing After Typhoon Meranti Slams Taiwan, China”. The Weather Channel. Retrieved September 17, 2016. [26] Tupaz, Voltaire (September 18, 2016).   “Zero casualty: Government reaches isolated Batanes island”.   Rappler . Retrieved 18 September 2016. [27]  “Death toll rises to 15 after typhoon batters China, Taiwan”. CTVNews. September 17, 2016. [28] Andrew V. Pestano (September 15, 2016).   “Typhoon Meranti kills one, destroys historic bridge; thousands without power”. United Press International . Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[14] Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 014  (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [29] Wendy Lee (September 19, 2016).   “Agricultural losses September 12, 2016. Archived from  the original on from typhoon Meranti over NT$850 million”.   Taiwan September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. News . Retrieved September 19, 2016.

[15] Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warn- [30]  “China braces for another typhoon after 'Meranti' kills 28”.   Economic Times . September 17, 2016. Retrieved ing NR 015  (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 17, 2016. September 12, 2016. Archived from  the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [31] “Typhoon Meranti leaves 16 dead or missing in China, destroys ancient bridge”.  The Straits Times . Agence France[16] Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) WarnPresse. September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 17, ing NR 016  (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2016. September 12, 2016. Archived from  the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016. [17] Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 017  (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 12, 2016. Archived from  the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016. [18]  “RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory”.  Japan Meteorological Agency. September 13, 2016. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016. [19] Various.  “Tropical Cyclone Advisories”. Unisys Corporation. Retrieved September 13, 2016. [20] Bob Hensen; Jeff Masters (September 13, 2016). “Taiwan, China Brace for Cat 5 Meranti; TS Ian Churns Through Open Atlantic”. WeatherUnderground. Retrieved September 13, 2016.

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External links •

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  JMA General Information   of Typhoon Meranti (1614) from Digital Typhoon  16W.MERANTI   from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

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TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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Text   Typhoon Meranti (2016)  Source:    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Meranti_(2016)?oldid=740916634  Contributors:    DocWat-

son42, Hurricanehink, Colonies Chris, Meow, KrakatoaKatie, Pupitar13, Aurora2698, Cyclonebiskit, Jasper Deng, Hariboneagle927, Serols, Undescribed, Jim Michael, BabbaQ, Ad Orientem, ClueBot NG, MelbourneStar, Hamham31, David.moreno72, Bryski 25, Dannyniu, CVQT, Typhoon2013, MarioProtIV, N-C16, Amortias, Trainbuzz, KN2731, AlphaBetaGamma01, Jdcomix, My Chemistry romantic, Sro23, CAPTAIN RAJU, Excedron9238, Elizabeth'94, VintageHygrometer, IamSID, IPhone Hurricane 95, WillieOnFeels, Dark DISCO, TheRealToxic and Anonymous: 30

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Images File:2016_Pacific_typhoon_season_summary.png   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/2016_Pacific_ typhoon_season_summary.png License:   Public domain  Contributors:  Created using  Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA [1]. The tracking data is from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center's best track database  Original artist: 

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graph ISS008-E-19646 was taken March 7, 2004, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 50-mm lens, and is provided by the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. •

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