1.0
INTRODUCTION
Traverse is a series of established stations tied together by angle and distance. It is carried out to determine the location of the construction site. Traverse is also done to prepare control point for future usage. The position and coordinate for the points on the earth’s surface can be determine and calculated by using traverse.
2.0
OBJECTIVE 1. To determine the point (coordinate) of our location which is point 1,2,3,4 and 5. 1. Set out control station plan from bearing and distance. 2. Able to do recording data process, gathering of data, analyze the data and produce the final traverse work. 3. Settle problems that occurred while we did the traverse work by analyzing the data that we get.
3.0
EQUIPMENT 1. 1 set total station 2. 3 set tripod 3 .2 set prism 4. Picket 5. Hammer
4.0
PROCEDURE 1
1. Our location was given by the lecturer and we observed the area of the site. 2. Two nearby datum was chosen since it acts as our temporary benchmark (TBM). D106 and D107 is picked since it is closer to our site. 3. Five points were chosen around the block 7/8 (our site). Minimum distance for every point should be more than 30m. A picket was hammered to the ground and acts as our point for each station. 3. The total station was set up at D106 while the prism is set up at station 1 and D107. 4. By using the bearing of the D106, we set the value into the total station and it acts as our left face. 5. We then shoot both prism, and the value for its bearing and distance was recorded. 6. Then, we turn it to the right face and data was recorded again. 6. The total station was then moved to our 1st point and the prism was moved to D106 and point2. 7. The value of right face from point 1 is transferred to the left face for D106 and the bearing is set in the total station. 8. Step 5 until 7 was repeated until we reach to our last station which is D107. 9. The traverse surveying work is done clockwise.
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5.0
RESULT Bearing
Stn.
Face Left
D107
180 00’20”
Face right
359 59’55”
Average
Fr
Definite Bearing
To
Vertical Angle
Horizontal Distance
18000’2 0”
18000’20”
56.654
8905’23”
8905’30”
56.655
D106
Definite Distance
36.096 1
D106
8905’25”
26905’20 ”
26905’23”
8905’20”
36.096 11911’2 5”
11911’30”
36.097
1
46.587 2
11911’50”
29911’50 ”
1
29911’25”
11911’10 ”
46.587 18401’4 0”
18402’00”
46.586
2
31.562 3
18401’50”
0401’30”
2
0401’40”
18401’40 ”
31.562 26831’3 0”
26831’30”
31.562
3
35.364 4
26831’00”
8831’10”
35.364
3
3
8831’05”
26831’00 ”
2808’53”
35.362
2809’30”
4
34.413 5
2808’50”
20808’55 ”
4
20808’53”
2808’40”
34.413 23937’4 8”
34.412
23938’30”
5
64.215 D107
23937’50”
5937’45”
5937’48”
23937’30 ”
5
64.215 35959’1 3”
64.215
36000’00”
D107 D106
56.657 35959’20”
56.657
17959’05
Line D7-D6 reading bearing ” : 35959’20” Line D7-D6 true bearing : 35959’55” Bearing misclosure: -35 in 7stations
Latitude Stn
D106 -1
Bearing
8905’30 ”
Distance
36.096
+
0.572
Departur -
+
36.091
Correctio -
Latitud e
0.008
Departur e
-0.0022
Balanced Latitud e
0.5728
Departur e
36.0888
Coordinate N/S
E/W
15238.51 8
45397.88 9
15237.94 5
45361.80 0 4
1-2
11911’3 0”
46.587
22.722
2-3
18402’0 0”
31.567
31.489
3-4
26831’3 0”
35.364
0.901
4-5
2809’30 ”
34.413
5-D7
23938’3 0”
64.215
D107 D106
36000’0 0”
56.657
30.340
0.0011
-0.0030
22.720 9
40.6670
15260.66 6
45321.13 3
2.220
0.0007
-0.0020
31.488 3
-2.2220
15292.15 4
45323.35 5
35.352
0.0008
-0.0022
0.9092
35.3542
15293.06 4
45358.70 9
0.0008
-0.0021
30.340 8
16.2379
15262.72 3
45342.47 2
0.0015
-0.0040
32.453 5
-55.414
15295.17 6
45397.88 6
0.0013
-0.0035
56.658 3
-0.0035
15241.51 8
45397.88 9
0.000
0.000
16.240
32.455
55.410
56.657
87.56 9 304.899
40.670
87.57 6
93.00 1
=
=
-0.007
0.019
E closure = √(El)²+(Ed)²
92.98 2
Linear misclosure = E closure/perimeter 5
= √(-0.007)²+(0.019)² = 0.0202
= 0.0202/304.899 = 1/15094.00
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6.0
DATA ANALYSIS
To determine the coordinate of D6. Given : Coordinate D100 = (-15400,-45420)
Coordinate D102 Latitude 102 = 14.645cos13521’10” = -10.419 Departure 102 = 14.645sin13521’10” = 10.292 Hence, x = -45420 + 10.292 = -45409.708 y = -15400 + (-10.419) = -15410.419
Coordinate D103 Latitude 103 = 42.348cos35904’10” = 42.342 Departure 103 = 42.348sin35904’10” = -0.688 Hence, x = -45409.708 – 0.688 = -45410.396 y = -15410.419 + 42.342 = -1536 Coordinate D104 7
Latitude 104 = 44.585cos35710’10” = 44.531 Departure 104 = 44.585sin35710’10” = -2.202 Hence, x = -45410.396- 2.202 = -45412.598 y = -15368.077+44.531 = -15323.546
Coordinate D105 Latitude 105 = 42.858cos0657’30” = 42.542 Departure 105 = 42.858sin0657’30” = 5.192 Hence, x = -45412.598+5.192 = -45407.406 y = -15323.546+42.542 = -15281.004
Coordinate D106 Latitude 106 = 43.538cos1237’30” 8
= 42.485 Departure 106 = 43.538sin1237’30” = 9.516 Hence, x = -45407.406+9.516 = -45397.89 y = -15281.004+42.485 = -15238.52
To determine allowable closure: 18000’20” - 17959’05” = 1’15”
7.0
DISCUSSION
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Our group was given a task at one specific location ( Block 7/8) to do the traverse surveying that surround the whole block by doing it clockwise. First we observed and planned where to place our picket (point), before doing the surveying works. Our group decided to provide 5 stations where each of the stations was hammered to the ground with a picket, where it is in the same level with the ground surface. We marked a point at the centre of the picket as a station point. The distance between the traverse stations must be more than 30m. The location of the picket must be in a safe place where it cannot be disturbed by any obstructions and at a place that is easy for us to find it later on. The traverse stations must be numbered continuously using clockwise. While doing the surveying works, there are three main factors that could influence our reading. The factors are:
1. Human factor The readings taken are not consistent because there is more than one observer. Parallax error could also occur.
2. Environment factor The hot weather could disturb our concentration and makes us difficult to focus on the prism.
3. Instrument factor The total stations are not in a good condition.
8.0
CONCLUSION
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In this traverse surveying work, we succeed to get the station coordinate, error, area, and linear misclosure by following the instruction that have been set. The value for the coordinate of our site is: COORDINATE
N/S -15237.945 -15260.666 -15292.154 -15293.064 -15262.723
E/W -45361.800 -45321.133 -45323.355 -45358.709 -45345.472
Our allowable closure that we get is 1’15” which is lower than 2’30” for bearing closure value, for the entire traverse. Our linear misclosure also fulfill the specification that has been fixed which is, second class. Our value is 1:15094. For the conclusion, this traverse surveying work is accepted and can be used for future surveying such as tacheometry.
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