Week 2 18 SEPTEMBER 2017
EAA 485 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: Disaster Management Management Cycle
Dr. Sharifa harif ah Akmam Ak mam Syed Syed Za Zakaria
Week 2 18 MAY 2017
Learning Outc Ou tcome: ome: CO1 Able to apply the concepts and an d cycle of disaster management for disaster risk mitigati mit igation on
Topic Outcomes: 1. Understanding Disaster Management Cycle 2. Application of Disaster Management Cycle
Week 2 18 MAY 2017
Learning Outc Ou tcome: ome: CO1 Able to apply the concepts and an d cycle of disaster management for disaster risk mitigati mit igation on
Topic Outcomes: 1. Understanding Disaster Management Cycle 2. Application of Disaster Management Cycle
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1. Under Underst stand anding ing Disas Disaste terr Managem Managemen entt Cycle a) Preparedness – Prior to a disaster. b) Response – During a disaster. c) Recovery – Following a disaster. d) Mitigation – Activities that reduce the effects of disaster. 2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle
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Disaster Management Cycle We
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Disaster Preparedness
Prevention/ Mitigation
Response
Rehabilitation/ Reconstruction
Disaster Management Cyc e DMC : Introduction •
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DMC is a comprehensive emergency or disaster management. It addresses all hazards and disaster elements. DMC consists of four phases = Preparedness, Response, Recovery and Mitigation. DMC specifies the involvement of stakeholders and the roles. DMC is a foundation in policy-making, decision-making and problem solving pertaining disasters.
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Disaster Management Cyc e DMC : Challenges •
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Understanding the disaster risks we face. Making disaster policies perform better for managing disaster. Increasing investment in disaster resilience. Coordination between the actors/stakeholders. Raising awareness to build a culture of prevention.
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Disaster Management Cycle We
Disaster Preparedness
Mitigation
Response
Recovery
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Disaster Management Cycle a) Preparedness – Prior to a disaster.
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Preparedness - efforts to prepare for a likely disaster. The preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs, i.e., planning. Preparedness: A variety of measures aimed at ensuring the community is prepared to reacts to any hazard that threatens the country. PLANNING HOW TO RESPOND
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Preparedness measures can take many forms including the construction of shelters, implementation of an emergency communication system, installation of warning devices, creation of back-up life-line services (e.g., power, water, sewage), and rehearsing evacuation plans. There are 2 important elements in preparedness aspect: 1) Readiness 2) Adaptation
Preparedness: 1) Readiness We
a) Monitoring •
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Disaster preparedness aims at minimizing the adverse effects of a disaster. Thus, it is important to determine and monitor disaster risks. Through effective precautionary actions.
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b) Forecasting •
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Vulnerability analysis and mapping to include Resources. Plan to include movement of resources with time frame. Assess strengthening requirements and execute. Funding for preparedness must be arranged.
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c) Early Warning •
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Create lead time by interpreting warnings Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient organisation and delivery of emergency response following the impact of a disaster.
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d) Scenario Identification •
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Peoples’ cooperation through political leaders, elders, volunteers and NGOs.
Aim to reduce the destructive potential of disaster, timely & appropriate relief to victims and quick & durable recovery.
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Preparedness: 1) Adaptation We
a) Process-based •
Institutional Framework – coordination between institutions.
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Rehearsals / Emergency Training – evacuation.
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Response Mechanisms – warnings.
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b) Resource-based •
Public Education and Training – instructions.
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Information System – through technology.
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Vulnerability Assessment – evaluation of weaknesses.
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Disaster Management Cycle We
Disaster Preparedness
Mitigation
Response
Recovery
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Disaster Management Cycle b) Response – During a Disaster •
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Response - actions taken to respond to an emergency or disaster Response: It is action taken immediately before, during and just after a disaster or major emergency. The goal of the responder is to save lives, minimize property damage and enhance the beginning of recovery from the incident. EFFORTS TO MINIMIZE THE HAZARDS CREATED BY A DISASTER
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The response phase of an emergency may commence with search and rescue but in all cases the focus will quickly turn to fulfilling the basic humanitarian needs of the affected population. This assistance may be provided by national or international agencies and organisations. Effective coordination of disaster assistance is often crucial, particularly when many organizations respond and capacity has been exceeded by the demand or diminished by the
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There are 2 important elements in response aspects: 1) Relief 2) Restoration
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Response: 1) Relief We
a) Search and Rescue – through survivor response and coping, evacuation system,. b) Damage Assessment – through estimation and costing c) Logistic Assistance – through emergency relief, food supply d) Temporary Repair – to ensure security
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Response: 2) Restoration We
a) Reconstruction – through the coordination of various bodies to expedite rehabilitation. b) Restore Utilities - communication and information management, electric supply, water and gas. c) Transportation and Schools – roads, bridges d) Finances – support to aid humanitarian and infrastructure.
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Disaster Management Cycle We
Disaster Preparedness
Mitigation
Response
Recovery
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Disaster Management Cycle c) Recovery – Following a disaster. •
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The recovery phase starts after the immediate threat to human life has subsided. Recovery - actions taken to restore the community to pre-disaster condition. During reconstruction it is recommended to consider the location or construction material of the property. Recovery: It is the activity that returns infrastructural systems to minimum operating standards and guides long term efforts.
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It is designed to return life to normal or improved levels after a disaster. This is a very daunting phases of Disaster Management because it requires personal and community motivation.
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Rehabilitation and reconstruction activities.
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RETURN THE COMMUNITY TO NORMAL.
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Why recovery stage is essential? •
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Increasing natural vulnerability = more disasters, climate change. (Policy-based) Increasing human vulnerability = greater tragedy, increasing population, massive urban migration. (Staffing and Finance) “Fragile” states unable to address disaster situations = greater tragedy. (Creating an enabling environment)
There are 2 stages of recovery: (Make it happen) 1) Short term
2)Long term
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Recovery: 1) Short-term We
a) Building community awareness and commitment to risk-reduction. b) Training, capacity building and empowerment. c) Linking with hazard mitigation plans to build community resilience – risk-driven planning. d) Assuring community-driven development. e) Risk assessment and reduction measures. f) Promote sustainable practices.
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Recovery: 1) Long-term We
a) Sustainable assistance – the long-term view of sustainable infrastructure development. b) Linking with long-term development plans – the government study of comprehensive plans. c) Using the opportunity to change development patterns, economies, cultures and societies. d) Land use planning. e) Best practice or benchmarking from developed countries.
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Disaster Management Cycle We
Disaster Preparedness
Mitigation
Response
Recovery
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Disaster Management Cycle d) Mitigation – reducing disaster effects •
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Mitigation - efforts to reduce disaster or its impacts. Mitigation: includes any activities that prevents an emergency, reduces the chance of an emergency happening or lessens the damaging effects of unavoidable emergences. MINIMIZING THE EFFECTS OF DISASTER.
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Prevention: •
Enhanced Risk Management Planning – DETERMINE THE ELEMENT OF RISKS
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Prevention training
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Resource Planning and Allocation – 5 Ms
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Increased networking Link to Climate Adaptation – United Nations, European Unions.
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Risk Assessment and Planning is very crucial in disaster mitigation: •
Identifying treats
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Identifying exposure units
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Vulnerability and adaptation assessment
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Risk Maps
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Floods and Water Hazards Elements at Risk: •
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Everything in the flood plain. Earthen or soluble structures
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Buried services and utilities
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Food stores
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Crops and livestock
Main Mitigation Strategies: •
Land use control
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Engineering of structures
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Elevation of structures
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Flood control structures
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Reforestation projects (watershed management)
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Strong Winds Elements at Risk: •
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Main Mitigation Strategies:
Lightweight structures.
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Elevated utilities (Power and communication lines)
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Fishing boats and other maritime industries.
Structural engineering measures. Planting of windbreaks.
Contents: We
1. Understanding Disaster Management Cycle a) Preparedness – Prior to a disaster. b) Response – During a disaster. c) Recovery – Following a disaster. d) Mitigation – Activities that reduce the effects of disaster. 2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle
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2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle We
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Paradigm shift – relief centric approach to a proactive regime. A holistic and integrated approach for disaster management. Building strategic partnerships at various levels. Build disaster resilient structures and habitat for ensuring safer living.
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Preparedness and Capacity development in all spheres. Consolidation of past initiatives and best practices. Identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks. Foundation to develop or establish training and education system for disaster resilience.
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Promoting a culture of prevention. Multi level , Multi-sectoral and Multi discipline synergy. Disaster management cycle presents related skills to all stakeholders. It acts as a foundation in managing disaster through Top Down and Bottom Up approaches.
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