Psychodynamic Theories 1. Psyc Psycho hoan anal alyt ytic ic Levels of mental life: (unconscious, preconscious, conscious) Provinces of the Mind: (Id, !o, "uper!o) Theory #ynamics of Personality: (#rive se$ and a!!ression% &n$iety) #efense Mechanisms: (Freud)
"ta!es of #evelopment: I nfantile (oral, &nal Pallic), Latency, Latency, 'enital, Maturity &pplications of Theory:
. Indi Indivi vidu dual al Psycholo!y (&dler)
4. &nal &nalyt ytic ical al Psycholo!y (5un!)
9. +ect ect 3elations (lein)
"trivin! for success and superiority Final Final !oal, !oal, strivin! strivin! force force as compen compensati sation, on, strivin strivin! ! for perso personal nal superio superiority* rity*succe success ss "u+ective Perceptions Fictionalism Phy Physica sicall inf infe erio riorit rities ies -nity and selfconsistency of Personality r!an dialect /ons /onsci ciou ous s and and unco uncons nsci ciou ous s "ocial Interest "tyle of Life /reative Po0er &+normal #evelopment: Factors in Maladustment $a!!e $a!!erat rated ed physic physical al decie decienci ncies, es, pampe pampered red*ne *ne!le !lecte cted d style style of life "afe!uardin! Tendencies: Tendencies: $ecuses, &!!ression, 2ithdra0al Masculine Protest Family /onstellation arly 3ecollections #reams Psychotherapy Levels of the Psyche: /onscious, Personal*/ollective -nconscious &rchetypes: Persona, "hado0, &nima*mus, !reat mother, mother, 0ise old man, hero, self #ynamics of Personality /au /ausali salitty and and Tel Tele eolo! olo!y y Pro! Pro!re ress ssio ion n and and 3e!r 3e!res essi sion on Psycholo!ical Types &tti &ttitu tude des s (Int (Intro rove vers rsio ion* n*$ $tr trav aver ersi sion on)) Funct Function ions: s: Feel Feelin! in!,, Thin Thin6in 6in!, !, "ens "ensin! in!,, Intui Intuitin tin! ! #evelopment of Personality "ta!e "ta!es: s: /hildh /hildhood ood,, 7out 7outh, h, Middle Middle Life, Life, ld &!e "elf "elf3 3ea eali li8at 8atio ion n (Ind (Indiv ivid idua uati tion on)) Methods of Investi!ation 2ord &s &ssociation #ream &nalysis &ctiv e Ima!ination Psychotherapy Psychic life of an infant Phantasies +ects Positions Paranoidschi8oid #epressive Psychic defense mechanisms: introection, proection, splittin!, proective identication Internali8ations: !o, "upere!o, edipus /omple$ Later ;ie0s: Mar!aret Ma Mahler
y>s s &tta &ttach chme ment nt The Theor ory y &ins &ins0o 0ort rth h and and the the "tr "tran an!e !e "itu "ituat atio ion n
?. Psyc Psycho hoan anal alyt ytic ic "ocial (
B.
Impact of /ulture Importance of /hildhood e$periences =asic
C. Inte Interp rper erso sona nall Theory ("ullivan)
Tensions: @eeds, &n$iety, ner!y Transformations #ynamisms: malevolence, intimacy, lust, selfsystem Personications: 'ood*+ad mo mother Me idetic Levels of /o!nition Protota$ic Parata$ic "ynta$ic "ta!es of #evelopment Infancy Infancy,, childhoo childhood, d, uvenile uvenile era, preadoles preadolescence cence,, early early adolescen adolescence, ce, late late adolesce adolescence, nce,
adulthood
D. PostFreudian (ri6son)
!o: society>s inAuence, epi!enetic principle "ta!es of psychosocial development Infancy: oralsensory mode% +asic trust v. mistrust (hope) arly childhood: &nalurethral sensory mode: autonomy v. shame*dou+t (0ill) Play a!e: !enitallocomotor mode: initiative v. !uilt (Purpose) "chool a!e: latency% industry v. inferiority (competence) &dolescence: Pu+erty: Identitty v. 3ole /onfusion (Fidelity) 7oun! &dulthood: !enitality Intimacy v. Isolation (love) &dulthood Procreativity: 'enerativity v. "ta!nation (care) ld a!e: 'enerali8ed "ensuality% Inte!rity v. #espair (0isdom)
<-M&@I"TI/*EI"T@TI&L T<3I" Physiolo!ical @eeds 1.
. Person /entered (3o!ers)
;alues of "elfactuali8ers =values Love, se$, and selfactuali8ation 5onah /omple$ Positive Psycholo!y =asic &ssumptions Formative tend ency &ctuali8 in! t endency "elf and selfactuali8ation "elf concept Ideal self &0areness Level of a0areness #enial of positive e$periences =ecomin! a person =arriers to psycholo!ical health /onditions of 0orth o o Incon!ruence ;ulnera+ility o &n$iety and threat o o #efensiveness #isor!ani8ation o Psychotherapy: conditions, process, outcomes Persons of tomorro0 "elfdiscrepancy theory
4. $istential Psycholo!y (May)
$istentialism =asic /oncepts: @on+ein!inthe2orld &n$iety: @ormal and @eurotic 'uilt Intentionality /are, Love, and 2ill -nion of love and 0ill Forms of love : se$, eros, philia, a!ape Freedom and destiny $istential ssential Po0er of Myth
#I"P"ITI@&L T<3I" 2hat is Personality 1. Psycholo!y of 3ole of /onscious Motivation /haracteristics of a
Levels of Personal #ispositions /ardinal o o /entral "econdary o Motivational and stylistic dispositions Proprium
Motivation Theory of Motivation Functional &utonomy Perseverative functional autonomy Propriate functional autonomy /riterion for functional autonomy Processes not functionally autonomous "tudy of the Individual Morpho!enic science
. ysenc6, Mc/rae, and /osta>s Trait and Factor Theories
ptimal contact in reducin! preudice Pioneerin! 2or6 of 3aymond /attell =asics of Factor &nalysis ysenc6>s Factor Theory /riteria for identifyin! factors
The =i! ve: ta$onomy or theory /ore components of personality =asic tendencies, characteristic adaptations, selfconcept Peripheral components =iolo!ical +ases +ective +io!raphy $ternal inAuences =asic Postulates
L&3@I@' T<3I" 1. =ehavioral Psycholo!y ("6inner)
. "ocial /o!nitive Theory (=andura) 4. /o!nitive "ocial Learnin! Theory (3otter and Mischel) 9. Psycholo!y of Peronal /onstructs (elly)
"cientic +ehaviourism Philosophy of "cience /haracteristics of "cience /onditionin! /lassical perant "hapin! o 3einforcement o o Positive reinforcement @e!ative reinforcement o o Punishment Gects of punishment o /onditioned and !enerali8ed reinforcers o o "chedules of reinforcement Fi$ed ratio ;aria+le ratio Fi$ed interval ;aria+le interval $tinction o