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OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian): What you can see in the question ? Is it a statement @ graph @ table? If there are more than 2 diagram , you must state the Comparison (Perbandingan).
(Alasan) ( Sebab) (Pernyataan tentang INFERENCE (Inferens) = Reason / Cause / Statement based on Observation Pemerhatian)
If there is Comparison Observation( Pemerhatian perbandingan) , the Inference also must be Comparison Inference (Inferens perbandingan) . How to answer?: OBSERVATION…….because ……INFERENCE. ……INFERENCE.
Examples: 1. Sarah got 5A because she study hard. 2. The cow dies because do not get enough food. 3. Plant X wilted because do not get enough water. (CO) (CI) 4. Cow A is bigger than cow B because get more food compare to cow B 5. A car take a shorter time than a bicycle because the car is faster compare to bicycle. 6. Nail P will be rusting because get air and water compare to other nails.
****compare to = berbanding dengan
* OTHER OBSERVATION = You must state other observation related to the question. * OTHER INFERENCE = You must give other reason / cause to the observation. Question sentences for OBSERVATION and INFERENCE:
What can you observed from the diagram? : Observation 2. What can you say about………? : Observation 3. State the the reason/ reason/ cause…… cause…… : Inference Inference 4. Why……… :Inference 5. Give reason to support observation : Inference 1.
3. VARIABLES VARIABLES = informations informations in the question. There are 3 types: i. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (MV) – What is changed ? Factors that affect the result of investigation. Key word - DIFFERENT • •
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ii. RESPONDING VARIABLES (RV) – What is measured/observed? Results of investigation / Observation Key word – MEASURED / OBSERVED / FINAL/ THE END iii. CONSTANT VARIABLE (CV) - What is kept the same? Key word – SAME / SIMILAR / EQUAL * Use parameter to write variables, example: Variable Parameter Plant Types of…, Height of…, Condition of… Obje Object Size of…, Weight of…, Type of…, Shape of Force Type of…, Quantity of… Water Volume of…, Presence of…, Quality of… Human Height of…, Wieght of…, gender… Others Time, Number of days…, Amount of, Presence of.
If the question “Give / State two information” : Write down the MV and RV. * Information that is tested: RV * Information that is changed: MV * Information that is controlled : CV 4. PATTERN / TREND : How to answer: INCREASE @ DECREASE @ NO CHANGE/ SAME 5. PREDICTING : What will happen….look at the pattern, calculate the answer. Write the correct NUMBER and UNIT. 6. AIM / PURPOSE : How to answer : I. To investigate investigate the relationship between …MV… …MV… and …RV…. @ II. To study the effect of……MV…… on ……RV…… 7. HYPOTHESIS : How to answer : I. When the the ……MV…… increase / decrease, decrease, the ……RV…… will will increase / decrease. @ II. The more …MV…, the more …RV…. @ III. Different…MV… have / need different …RV….
If the question ask you to make hypothesis based on statements, read the statement carefully : ……MV….. affect ….RV… …MV….. influence …RV… •
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…MV…. causes …RV… …RV…. depends on ….MV… ….RV influenced by ….MV…
**** You **** You must write write MV first before before RV when writing a hypothesis hypothesis
9. RELATIONSHIP: The answer is similar/ same with Hypothesis. How to answer: I. When the ……MV…… increase increase / decrease, the ……RV…… ……RV…… will increase / decrease. @ II. The more …MV…, the more …RV… @ III. Different…MV… have / need different …RV… 10. CONCLUSION : What do you understand/find out from question… How to answer :
A. Similar to Hypothesis and Relationship Relationship IF the question have pattern/ trend I. When the the ……MV…… increase / decrease, decrease, the ……RV…… will will increase / decrease B. If related to Science Facts, statements related to Concept of Science, write a normal answer sentence , example : Rusting needs the presence of air, metal and and water i) ii) ii) Acid Acidic ic sub subst stan ance ce chan change ge the the col colou ourr of of blu blue e lit litmu muss to to red red colour 11. TABLE , GRAPH and DIAGRAM If there is a table, a graph or diagram, the MV and RV is stated inside the table or graph.. BUT it depends on the question, you must read the question carefully and underline the key words. Read the question carefully first…. MV
RV
RV
MV MV RV
***Semua Tips hanya sebagai panduan, tak semestinya kena ikut semua. Bergantung kepada soalan. Manusia mentadbir, Tuhan Mentakdir….
