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Bicentenary of the world’s favourite author
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❯❯ Travel:
ms, eponyms ad a d umu FREE DOWNLOAD
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3
❯❯ We gt avie te painte-
pet William Blake? ( Think 100) ❯❯ hw a hllyw plagiaize
te Geek myt? ( Think 100) ❯❯ hw wa te duke Welling-
tn' tn' by anatmially unuual? ( Think 102)
Find the answers to these questions and more in: s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
❯❯ Wat expein like "t l
ut te live ban" an "t bak up te wng w ng tee" mean? ( Think 102) ❯❯ Wi py nvelit al wte
a bet-elling ilen' ty tat wa mae int a lm? ( Think 103) ❯❯ hw wee Vitian wmen
iuage m beming peinal painte? ( Think 103) ❯❯ Wen wa te BBc’ inepenene
put t te tet te t time? ( Think 105) ❯❯ Wat i te ifeene between
te nun “a pine" an te veb "t pine"? ( Think 105)
"Simply put, it is the best magazine I have ever come across to learn good, accurate English." Miguel Angel Hernande, n Think's Facebk page.
Good News! Y News! You ou can can stil still buy those magazines as digital downloads. www.hkegsh.e www .hkegsh.e
❯❯ We gt avie te painte-
pet William Blake? ( Think 100) ❯❯ hw a hllyw plagiaize
te Geek myt? ( Think 100) ❯❯ hw wa te duke Welling-
tn' tn' by anatmially unuual? ( Think 102)
Find the answers to these questions and more in: s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
s o l d o u t
❯❯ Wat expein like "t l
ut te live ban" an "t bak up te wng w ng tee" mean? ( Think 102) ❯❯ Wi py nvelit al wte
a bet-elling ilen' ty tat wa mae int a lm? ( Think 103) ❯❯ hw wee Vitian wmen
iuage m beming peinal painte? ( Think 103) ❯❯ Wen wa te BBc’ inepenene
put t te tet te t time? ( Think 105) ❯❯ Wat i te ifeene between
te nun “a pine" an te veb "t pine"? ( Think 105)
"Simply put, it is the best magazine I have ever come across to learn good, accurate English." Miguel Angel Hernande, n Think's Facebk page.
Good News! Y News! You ou can can stil still buy those magazines as digital downloads. www.hkegsh.e www .hkegsh.e
s n e k c i d
Contents Think i n English MagazinE
issuE 143
Current affairs
EdiTor’s noTE
4 6 7 8 10
Hell again, Welcme t Think 143. This mnth we’re celebrating the bicentenar the wrld’s avurite authr, Charles Dickens . We kick with Anna’s travel article abut Dickens World in
Kent and ther Dickens-related sites in England (pp. 16-18). Clman has chipped in with tw ascinating articles abut
Teache
blique aspect s the nvelist’s wrld: n pp. 20-21 he lks
at Dickens’s career as a public perrmer and n pp. 26-27 he examines the cllabratin between the authr and his principal illustratr, ‘Phi’. We cntinue with the nvelist n pp. 22-23, where we anale Dickens’s enrmus inuence n cinema. Then, n pp. 24-25 I tr t wrk ut wh Dickens has been s ppular ver the last 200 ears. This is nt the rst time we’ve talked abut Dickens. Back in Think 32 we had ur pages abut him. Just t prve we
7
Culture
12 14 16 19
never repeat urselves, we er u these ur pages – Hw t Bullshit abut Dickens, Dickens eponyms and Dickens idioms – r FrEE n ur website ( www.thinkinenglish.net ).
enugh t recrd a sng (p. 19, CD track 12) r us and u can hear the rst part Nathan’s excellent interview with ‘Harp’ n the CD (tracks 9-11). Thanks t Gerge and thanks
12
als t pressr Franklin r revealing sme the msteries
geomety (pp. 14-15) – I think I nall understand what parablas are nw! Sme the msteries phasal vebs and idioms are u the Functinal English article n tems o endeament (pp. 28-29). T nish I’d I’d just like t recmmend a ew things n the CD,
16
think the mnlgues n ‘ bad designs’ are sme the mst interesting we’ve dne s ar. Mrever, the debate
on hunge is especiall insightul because the presence
Hamish wh has wrked in Ethipia. See u next mnth, Nick Franklin, editor NickAtThinkgmail.cm magazine abbreviation & symbols Key
20 Perrmance – Dickens: the Geat Entetaine 22 Cinema – Dickens Flicks 24 Literature – Unpickin’ Dickens 26 Art – Phiz & Boz language
revealed n pp. 32-33 (CD track 13) and pp. 34-35. Meanwhile, as a cncessi n t St. Valentine’s Da in Spain we er
which is largel independent the magaine this mnth. I
Feature – Pedictions & Pophecies Gemetr – A Paable Paable about Paabolas Travel – Dickens’s Dickens’s England Music – Geoge Hape’s There’s No Smoin’ in Here ...........................
Even discunting the Dickensian stu we’ve gt lads great material in this issue. Geoge Hape has been kind
News & Anecdtes Science Ecnmics – The €nd o the Euo? Internet – restoing You reputation reputation Methdlg – Managing a Geen
19
Listening: there is a recrding n the CD cnnected
Functinal – Tems o Endeament Cmmn Mistakes – Deective Vebs Phrasal Verbs – Euphonic Phasals...... Phasals ...... Idims – Illustated Business Idioms 1 US vs. UK – Swallowing Idioms Whole Names – Non-political Place Names Translatin – Eo Detectives Crsswrd Miscellan ............ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .................... ........ Subscriptin Subscriptin rm Back issues’ cupn Tapescripts ............ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .................. ...... Next mnth Bkmark – Pictuing Poessions 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 51
t the text. Execise: there is an exercise in the subscribers’ exercises relating directl t the text.
❯❯ ConTaCT us
Convesation point: these questins prmpt discussin n tpics related t the text.
www.thinkinenglish.net www.revistasproesionales.com thinkinenglish@revistasproesionales.com
Subject link: there is a related article n the pages
given.
Abbeviations: sth. = smething, s.o. = smene, swh. = smewhere
24
Find us on Facebook too. 3
CURRENT AFFAIRS |
news & anecdotes
news& news& anecdotes NOT SO SPEcIAL SPEc IAL Fr the rst time Americans seem t have lst aith in their ‘Maniest Destiny ’1. Nw nl 49% thse polled2 believe that their “culture is superir t thers”. In 2002 60% Americans agreed with that idea. Amongst3 18 t 29-ear-lds the lss aith in the
USA is particularl marked; the number ung US adults wh believe their culture is superir t thers is lwer than 4
the wds near the Middlesbrugh twn. S, what was the council24’s respnse t slve the prblem? CCTV25 cameras
hanging26 rm ever tree? N, the spead 27 a laye28 pig manue29 thoughout30 the wds. There is nw a slight31 smell in the twn but the wds are junkie 32-ree and the resi-
dents are happ.
EuchARIST FOR BREAkFAST Have u spent the last cuple ears vainl
hping that an image the Virgin Mar r Jesus might appear n ur
tast r are u resigned t the act that it nl
r the UK. Pessimism amngst the ung is unsurprising. The USA,
happens t thers? Well,
Netve Sles Still8, US graduates haven’t reached9 the pint where the pa
t be allowed to10 wrk... et. Their British countepats 4 ae leading the way11 in this brave new wrld. The website Etsi 12
13
ers u the chance t wrk at a dog-gooming saln o14 £65 a da, r the pprtunit t pa £100 a da t d clerical15 wrk in a vitamin cmpan. There are advantages r
the cmpan t ( you don’t say! ). Rb Marshall, the wner 16
Nostairway vide prductin cmpan said he preerred internees wh pa because they were less likely to17 “get bred
and not bothe coming in 18”. I u want t g and wrk r Mr Marshall, it will nl cst u £60 a da. Maniest Destiny – the belie that
the US culture is mre advanced than thers and will naturall extend thrughut the wrld 2 to poll – ask in a questinnaire 3 amongst – amng, ( in this context ) r 4 countepat – equivalent 5 unlike – in cntrast t 6 paking-lot attendant – emplee in a car park 7 degee – universit qualiicatin 8 still – even s 9 to each – get t, arrive at 10 to be allowed to – be permitted t 4
Locals21 in Culb Newham in the Nrth England wee dismayed22 when ung drug-users began gatheing23 in
the percentage their countepats in German, Spain
like ther cuntries, educates a third mre graduates than it needs. Hwever, unlike5 mst ther cuntries, a universit educatin in the USA can leave u $100,000 $100,000 in debt; a terriing situatin r the 300,000 waiters and 19,000 parking-lot attendants 6 with degees7.
1
Lesse Evl
11
to lead the way (lead-led-led) –
be in the vanguard 12 chance – pprtunit 13 dog-gooming – canine beaut 14 o – (in this context ) paing 15 cleical – administrative 16 you don’t say! – (sarcastic ) reall?! 17 they wee less likely to – it was less prbable that the wuld 18 not bothe coming in – nt make the ert t cme t wrk 19 to take A out o B (take-tktaken) – eliminate A rm B 20 slice – lat piece bread 21 locals – lcal peple, residents
a US cmpan has taken the dubt and the wait out o 19 the prcess; Dail Bread nw ers a taster with an image Christ’s ace burnt int ever slice20.
IT’S AN EmERGENcy Under what circumstances wuld u resort to33 the emergenc services? Sme Britns seem t think that health and saet
prviders are there t slve their ever prblem. Fire-ghters were recentl called t rescue a man wh had got himsel trapped34 in a child’s t car in Kingstn upn Thames, while a
uth had t be rescued rm an ioning boad 35 in which he had gt trapped in Brmle, Lndn. A wman recentl arrived in the Accidents & Emergenc Department ne hspital demanding that the emove36 her alse nails37. Hwever, the prie has t g t a wman wh arrived in the casualty department38 anther hspital and asked the sta 39 t clean dg
excrement rm her child’s she. 22
to be dismayed – be perturbed,
be shcked 23 to gathe – cngregate 24 (town) council – municipal authrit 25 CCTV – clsed-circuit televisin 26 hanging – suspended 27 to spead (spread-spreadspread) – extend, disperse 28 laye – cat, stratum, cvering 29 manue – excrement used as ertilier 30 thoughout – all ver 31 slight – small, subtle 32 junkie – (slang) drug addict 33 to esot to – use, turn t
34
to get onesel tapped (get-
gt-gt) – get stuck, imprisn nesel 35
ioning boad – 36 to emove – (alse riend ) take , 37 38
eliminate (inge)nail – casualty depatment (UK English) –
emergenc rm (ER) (US English) 39 sta – emplees thinK in english
ISSUE 143
persnall, Mr Pane asked him abut his lending52 criteria. criteria. ‘He ‘H e
tld me he never lent t anne wh lived in a huse with tw grown53 wmen: “yu knw, tw wmen in ne kitchen, i you
get my dit 54. And I never lend mne t a man wh wears suede shoes55”.’ Meanwhile, Jnathan Armitage writing in The
1977, just Times remembers receiving a letter rm his bank in 1977, 56 ater he’d graduated rm universit. It read , “I am sure that it is merel an ovesight57 n ur part, but I beg to daw you attention to58 the act that ur accunt is 26p overdrawn59. I trust u will remed this at your ver earliest convenience60.”
No wonde61 there wasn’t a credit crisis 35 ears ag!
PHoTo By ALMUDENA CáCERES
To Be or NoT To Be
Hwever, residents a village in nrth Wales did have a legitimate reasn t call the re brigade back in December.
Have u gt t that pint in lie where u dn’t understand anthing anmre? Nt et? Calirnia saw the rst successul ‘wrngul lie’ case back in 1980. Such a case is
The heard rantic miaowing40 cming rm a reccling bin41.
based n the biarre argument that the medical authrities
42
Since a lcal pregnant cat had gone missing three das earlier there was cause o concen 43. Unrtunatel, the re-ghters were unable t pen the bin and s it was hoisted44 nt a tuck 45 and driven ver 30km t a specialist spe cialist cmpan. cmpan. Finall,
the tp the bin was cut and the eline victim revealed – a batter-pwered cuddly toy46.
are legall respnsible r allwing the plainti 62 t be brn.
over the last quarter a centur 600 peple in Israel have successull sued 63 r ‘wrngul lie’. This tpe litigatin is nt accepted in mst cuntries, including the UK, and is nl accepted in ur US states. related resources
Bnn N n Ten Several British peple have been cmmenting n the change
d
Do you consider your culture to be superior to others?
in banking practices ver recent decades. Sme bemoan47 the annmit mdern banks’ custmer relatins. Hwever, Hwever, thers welcme the act that the n n lnger have t deal with48
a ‘little Hitler’ a bank manager wh thinks he ‘wns’ them. Chris Pane in The Independent remembers hw he wuld be summoned49 t his bank t be told o 50 b the manager i he spent a cuple extra punds at the supermarket. Bank managers elt perectl at libert t ask persnal questins
such as “Tell me, d u intend to 51 have an mre children?” once, when he gt t knw ne these nancial dictatrs miaowing – mewing, cries a nervus cat 41 bin – cntainer r waste 42 to go missing (g-went-gne) – disappear 43 cause o concen – a reasn t be wrried 44 hoist – haul, lit 45 tuck – lrr 46 cuddly toy – st t 47 to bemoan – criticie 48 to deal with (deal-dealt-dealt) – interact with 49 to summon – call, tell s.. t cme 50 to tell o (tell-tld-tld) – reprimand 51 to intend to – plan t 52 lending – credit, lans 53 gown – (in this context ) grwnup, adult 54 i you get my dit – i u knw
what I mean
40
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
55
suede shoes – 56 it ead
(read-read /red/-read /red/) – it said 57
ovesight – (in this context ) miscalculatin
58
I beg to daw you attention to – please ntice, I wuld like
u t nte ovedawn – in the red at you ealiest convenience – (ormal ) as sn as pssible 61 no wonde – I’m nt surprised 59 60
that 62
plainti – s.. wh takes legal
actin 63
to sue – take legal actin ac tin (demand-
ing inancial cmpensatin) cmpensatin) 5
CURRENT AFFAIRS |
science
sCienCe P H o T o B y M A R I N A C A R R E S I
children’s survival was less likely12. Favuritism twards the rstbrn was vert in scieties such as Ancient Egpt, where the eldest sn wuld receive mre and better d than his siblings.
PaiNkiLLErS13 arE kiLLErS iN US The number peple verdsing n prescriptin analgesics
has tripled in the last decade in the USA. Nw smething like 15,000 peple accidentall kill themselves in America each ear due to14 an verdse narctic painkillers – that’s 40 peple a da on average15. The mst amus case recentl was that actr Heath Ledger. Addicts will g ‘dctr-shpping’ – visiting several dctrs with the same complaint16 chrnic pain in rder t get multiple prescriptins. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention als blame17 ‘pill mills’, clinics which
are knwn t prescribe analgesics inapprpriatel.
Hr Hrd 18 Hard and smt Research rm Colorado College has identied migratin rutes r sauropods19 acrss Utah and Wming in search water in the summer mnths. The herds18 giant herbi-
How strong i Your Cof? The Food Standards Agency in Britain advises1 pregnant wmen t cnsume n mre than 200mg caeine per da
vres travelled sme 300km each wa. Hwever, the mst
and the rest the adult ppulatin t cnsume n mre than 400mg per da. The translated this as ur and eight
a grup saurpds n the march. Nt nl were these
espress cees, respectivel. Hwever, when researchers at Glasgow University tested the real caeine levels in highsteet 2 espresss the und that nl thse in Starbucks (51mg) had the assumed3 amount4 caeine. Incredibl, sme cee shps were serving espresss with ver 300mg caeine in them, meaning that just ne cup wuld exceed
revealing aspect the research was the nise and smell dinsaurs amng the largest animals t ever walk the earth; we als knw that the “didn’t chew20, the did all their digesting in their gut21”, accrding t Henr Fricke. In ther wrds there wuld have been a mnstrus amount4 arting22. yu never heard abut that in the dcumentaries!
the recmmended limit r pregnant wmen b 50%.
ChiLd o ChoiCE I u want ur child t be clever, dn’t have an mre children until she r he is at least tw ears ld. Researchers rm Notre Dame University , Indiana, studied 3000 wmen and
5000 children and und that thse children wh were at least tw ears lder than their siblings5 did better at bth reading and maths. The researchers believe that parents spend less
time with children wh have unger siblings a similar age and, as a result, the elder siblings are read to less6 and watch
PAINTING By DMITRI BoGDANoV
mre televisin. Meanwhile7, research rm The University o Caliornia has und that mst parents avur their rst-brn child, thugh ew will admit it. This behaviour 8 ma be geneticall prgrammed harking back to9 a time when resources10 were scarcer11 and to advise – warn, cautin high-steet – (in this context ) cee-shp 3 assumed – (alse riend ) suppsed 4 amount – quantit, level 5 sibling – brther r sister 6 the elde siblings ae ead to less – parents
8
2
9
6
d
Is there any favouritism in your family?
behaviou – cnduct to hak back to – date back t, cme rm 10 esouces – (in this context ) d 11 scace – less abundant 12 likely – prbable 13 painkille – analgesic 14 due to –because 15 on aveage – tpicall 16 complaint – (in this context ) medical prblem,
1
spend less time reading t the lder brthers and/r sisters 7 meanwhile – at the same time
related resources
pain to blame – hld respnsible, accuse hed – grup large herbivres 19 sauopod – herbivrus quadrupedal 17 18
dinsaur (e.g. the brntsaurus r the dipldcus) 20 to chew – masticate (ormal ) 21 gut – intestines 22 ating – latulence thinK in english
ISSUE 143
CURRENT AFFAIRS |
economics
th €o: nt d Just Yt By DoUGLAS JASCH
Te Ne EU Tety here is no doubt that the Euro is acing 1 many diiculties. he Euro interest rate is set 2 by the European Central Bank resulting i n one common interest rate or all Eurozone countries. Usually, when a country is heading into3 recession, its central bank will decrease interest rates to a level appropriate or their individual economy to encourage4 investment and stimulate economic growth. However, economies in the Eurozone vary greatly in health with, or example, the German economy being much more robust than the Greek economy. Late last year 26 out o 5 the 27 EU member States signed up or 6 a new reaty with strict tax and budget7 requirements to ace8 the Eurozone debt crisis. Only the United Kingdom declined to sign 9. Te new pact has strict requirements on the level o debt governments can have, and imposes penalties i these are exceeded. Many o its signatories will now have to implement even tougher 10 austerity measures to mee11 its requirements. he problem is that this ‘deicitreduction mantra’ comes at a time 1 2
to ace – (in this context ) cnrnt, have, suer to set (set-set-set) – (in this context ) ix, estab-
lish, determine 3 to head into – g twards, be en rute t 4 to encouage – stimulate, ster 5 out o – (in this context ) 6 to sign up o – endrse, apprve 7 budget – inancial plan, predictin incme and expenditure 8 to tackle – deal with, tr t slve 9 to decline to sign – nt authrie the treat 10 toughe – stricter, mre stringent ISSUE 143
thinK in english
[email protected] TWITTER: @DoUGLASJASCH
when Europe appears to be heading into3 recession. Te Greek economy this year is expected to contract by 3%, having shrunk 12 6% last year. Retail sales13 are down 30% and almost a quarter o small businesses and shops are closing. Italy is also eadg 3 recession with growth or 2012 oreca14 at minus 1.6%. At the same time it is implementing €33 billion spending cuts and tax increases to meet austerity rules.
Levn te Eu Te austerity measures could lead to15 social unrest16 in the countries most aected by them, ultimately 17 resulting in the countries deciding to leave the Euro to enable them to control their own interest rates. A urther18 risk to the Euro is that countries which continue to signiicantly breach 19 the new reaty may eventually 20 be expelled rom the Euro. However, there is every chance 21 that countries will continue to toe the scal line22 because they require signicant bailout23 unding to protect their economies rom collapsing and they will only receive it i they ollow 11 12
to meet (meet-met-met) – satis to shink (shrink-shrank-shrunk) – cntract,
decline etail sales – selling t the general public to oecast (-cast/-cast/-cast) – predict 15 to lead to (lead-led-led) – result in, bring abut 16 unest – cnlict, agitatin 17 ultimately – (alse riend ) in the inal analsis 18 uthe – (in this context ) additinal 19 to beach – inringe 20 eventually – (alse riend ) in the end 21 evey chance – a real pssibilit, a substantial 13 14
PHoTo By LARS ARoNSSoN
austerity requirements. Even i a small number o countries d eave24 the Euro, or are orced to leave, this simply indicates they may have joined the Euro beore their economies were truly 25 ready. he departures would take their toll on26 the Euro initially, but the stronger countries would remain27, resulting in a stronger, more robust crrecy 28 in the longer term. Te most likely 29 candidate or a departure is Greece. While 30 there is a chance31 the entire Euro could collapse, realistically we can expect to see the Euro still in existence at the end o this nancial crisis, stronger than ever. ■ related resources
v
The new EU reality with the German government dictating economic policy to the other Euro countries has been called ‘the Fourth Reich’. Is there a democratic defcit in Europe?
prbabilit to toe the line – be the rules bailout – inancial rescue 24 do leave – (emphatic ) leave 25 tuly – reall 26 to take its toll on – (take-tk-taken) 22 23
adversel aect to emain – sta, cntinue t be members 28 cuency – tpe mne, ( in this context ) Eur 29 likely – prbable 30 while – althugh 31 chance – pssibilit 27
7
CURRENT AFFAIRS |
internet
RestoRing YouR
reputation
on the net
PHoTo By THEFREELANCETRADER
Styn annymus onlne
Sally Adee in the New Scientist magazine writes that in our personal lives we can compartmentalTWITTER: @DoUGLASJASCH ize ourselves. Tat is, we can have one identity at The rst thing mst emplers d when the receive a jb applica- work, another with our riends and another wit h tin is t Ggle the applicant t see what the can nd. S what our amily. However, the net is gradually taking can u d i there is embarrassing1 inrmatin abut u n the this ability away rom us. People will ae18 all Wrld-wide Web? Is there an wa t clean up ur reputatin? o our inormation on the net and come up with19 one lasting 20 impression. For a small number 1 embaassing – Is a Mistake Out There on the Net Forever? o people, even one embarrassing 1 piece o (alse riend ) shameul, humiliating, Embarrassing 1 inormation about us that we may inormation on the Web has resulted in a ‘bad’ degrading later regret 2 can end up on the net. Michelle, a reputation. 2 to eget – repent, eel srr abut colleague o mine, like many Australians went to So what can we do i this happens to us? Te 3 gap yea – ear 3 England during her gap year . One night out with logical answer might appear to be to stay anonspent travelling her riends or a cocktail night, an acquaintance4 ymous online through use o techniques such between schl and universit lmed her having un, dir ty dancing on a table. as nicknames (‘tags’), rather than 21 using our 4 acquaintance – In her wildest dreams5 she didn’t expect that the real name when posting online. Unortunately, cntact, s.. ne knws ootage6 would still be available on the net or all research has shown that even this is a risky 5 in he wildest vere 22. to see, some six years later. deams – (in this context ) even in her Paul Resnick a computer scientist at the A trainee7 teacher rom Lancaster, Pennsylwrse nightmares (= vania had a picture posted o her d rinking at a University o Michigan who studies online bad dreams) 6 ootage – sequence party, wearing a hat that said “Drunken Pirate”, reputations, says that aae23 on the net oten mving images on MySpace. Even though she was o legal drink- don’t oer you the protection that you would 7 tainee – apprentice 8 expect. Resnick set up 24 ing age, she was removed rom 8 the to be emoved om – be taken , course when her supervisor saw the an experiment where he be excluded rm 9 photo. told everyone they would nusing (adj.) – 9 medical-care A rg student in Kansas took be anonymous by using 10 to amuse – entertain pseudonyms. He ound a photo o hersel with a placenta to 11 to ind out (ind10 und-und) amuse her riends. Her school ound that because the partici– (in this context ) 11 12 pants thought they were out and dismissed her. Others discver the pht 13 12 to dismiss s.o. – copied the photo, which remains on anonymous they were willkick s.. ut, ( in this the net today and this one moment o g 25 are14 much more context ) expel s.. 13 stupidity could cause her problems or personal inormation, the to emain – cntinue t be years to come. type that could potentially 14 to shae – distrib14 Many o us share highly personal hurt their reputation, than ute (in this context ) pst, uplad inormation about ourselves through i they were not anony15 to each – (in this the internet without ully appreciating mous. It is this inormacontext ) get t, all 15 16 int the hands tion that can ead26 people that it may reach a broader audi16 boade – wider, ence than we anticipated, or that it to your real identity i they mre general, mre PHoTo By DoUGLAS JASCH 17 extensive could stay online r year cme . aemp 27 identiy you. By DoUGLAS JASCH
[email protected]
17
o yeas to come
– ears int the uture 18 to assess – evaluate 8
19
to come up with (cme-
came-cme) – generate 20 lasting – permanent 21 athe than – instead , as
ppsed t 22
isky ventue – dangerus
strateg, perilus activit, unsae prject
alias /'eiliəs/ – alse name, pseudnm 24 to set up (set-set-set) – create 25 to be willing to – be 23
prepared t, be read t to lead (lead-led-led) – guide, take 27 to attempt to – tr t 26
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
23
Aliases on te net oten don’t ofer o te protetion tat o wold expet. 28
to point out –
emphasie,highlight to link to – cnnect with, (in this context ) match t 30 to highlight – call attentin t, cus n 31 to ely on – depend n, be dependent n, cunt n 32 eedback – pinins, reactins 33 due to – because 34 wishes – desires, (in this context ) preerences 35 to launch – start, initiate 29
36
to coss-eeence
– cmpare 37 scape – (literally ) grater, scurer, abrasive instrument 38
to come acoss (cme-came-cme)
– encunter 39
they will seek to have X emoved –
the will ask that X be eliminated 40 appoach – strateg 41 to ensue – make sure, guarantee 42
to come up (cme-came-cme)
– appear 43
beyond – urther
44
seach engine –
than internet service that permits u t lk r matters interest using ke wrds 45 whethe – (in this context ) i 46 to get id o (getgt-gt) – eliminate 47 conident – selassured, psitive 48 topic – (alse riend ) questin, theme 49 on aveage – tpicall ISSUE 143
Te Netfx Expeence Resnick p 28 that this personal inormation can oten be easily linked to29 the real person. He gg30 the example o Netix. Netix is a US online video rental rm. Netfix relies heavily 31 eedbac32 and online recommendations rom its customers in determining some stock choices. Due to 33 this, Netix has a ‘recommendation’ programme that attempts to27 anticipate its customers’ we 34. In 2006 the company launched 35 a competition with a substantial $1m prize or the entity who could provide the best improvement to its system. Tere were 51,000 entrants and Netfix provided all o these with its database o hal a million customers. Te database included their customers’ rental history. o ensure their clients’ anonymity Netix changed the names o all o the customers, providing them all with aae23. Arvind Narayanan and Vitaly Shmatikov o the University o exas, Austin, wanted to demonstrate that aae23 won’t protect consumers when real data is used. Tey received a copy o the Netix database and cr-reereced it w 36 reviews posted on the Internet Movie Database (IMDb). From this, they were able to identiy the names o most o the people in the database and even make inerences as to their political preerences and sexuality rom their movie choices. Spokeo, a company in Mountain View, Caliornia, has developed sotware called a ‘scraper’37 which searches the web or inormation about people combining it with what it can nd on the public record. It combines this inormat ion with census data and can even determine how much you paid or your house.
people don’t bother to go beyond43 the rst ew pages o search results rom search engines44 such as Google. With Google, the order or a sea rch is determined by the importance that Google places on an individual site. Tis will depend on what the site is and whether45 it has links to other important sites. For example, a link to the London imes newspaper is more important than a link to an unknown site. Reputation.com typically writes an excellent biography about you using real acts, and then places it on up to 500 reputable sites such as Facebook and Linkedin, making these results cme p42 beore the embarrag 1 result you want to ge rd 46.
sel Help There is n reasn wh u can’t d this ursel. M clleague Michelle has dne this and nw eels a lt mre condent47 abut her nline prle. She
sas that it is gd t knw that there are things u can d n the net t prtect ur reputatin. o curse, sme us have dwnladed her gapear vide r sae-keeping! (onl jking!). ■ related resources s
Facebook Topic48: On average49 we can expect to live 30 years longer than our grandparents, so why are we so ‘ time poor ’?
Svn Yu reputtn Many people have come across 38 something embarrassing 1 about themselves on the net ater Googling themselves, even i it is as simple as a photo. Reputation.com is a rm based in Redwood City, Caliornia that helps people to manage and repair their online reputation. In some cases they will seek to have 39 the embarrassing 1 inormation remved. However, Reputation.com’s preerred apprac40 is to ere41 that the negative inormation does not come up42 in the rst pages o a webpage search. Research suggests that most
thinK in english
9
CULTURE |
methodology
P H o T o B y B U N D E S A R C H I V
how To MaNagE aN
InexperIenced
teaCher As was pointed out1 in an article rm The Daily Telegraph psted n ur Facebk page sme time ag the rate pa r EFL2 teachers is by and lage3 atrcius. A career in TEFL4 is strictl vcatinal. The upshot5 is that an English-language academ that guarantees ‘native’ teachers is likely to6
pai u up with7 a teacher wh is petty8 ung and inexperienced (i u are lucky9 she will be prett, ung and inexperienced – what a dierence a
cmma can make!). This is nt the catastrphe that man learners think. There are man advantages t having a teacher wh has recentl arrived rm an
English-speaking cuntr, just as10 there are man disadvantages t having a jaded11 teacher. It all depends hw u apprach the class. Let’s have a lk. avntges of Young Techer
problem or long-term EFL 2 teachers. real English. Older teachers like In act, the problem is worse than that. mysel who have spent decades Jaded11 teachers are so used to hearing teaching abroad12 don’t speak real English misused that we oten leave English, we speak TEFL 4 English. things uncorrected. Tere is a point at In other words our language has which you’ve heard “I want that you...” expanded and adapted to include so oten that it doesn’t sound so bad. many words that non-natives will understand. Fr ace13, the other Only English. Another advantage day when speaking to my ather I o just-o -the-boat 17 teachers is used the word ‘autochthonous’ in a that they probably don’t speak your sentence. My ather is not exactly igno- language. All jaded11 teachers who rant – he’s a retired proessor 14 rom Oxord Universit y – but the word drew a ba15. I could argue that the word is there in the dictionary but it would make no dierence: I was translating rom Spanish and no native speaker would natural ly use ‘autochthonous’ in speech – except i he or she has been living abroad12 or years.16 It’s one silly little example but it illustrates a big PHoTo By MICFINN2011
1
2
to point out – indicate, mentin EFL – English as a reign language 3 by and lage – in general, mstl 4 TEFL – teaching English as a reign language 5 upshot – result, cnsequence 6 is/ae likely to – will prbabl 7 to pai A with B – (in this context ) put A in a
jaded – burnt-ut, n lnger interested in sth.
1
11
2
because u have experienced t much it 12 aboad – verseas, in reign cuntries 13 o instance – r example 14 poesso – (alse riend ) senir universit teacher 15 to daw a blank (draw-drew-drawn) – mean nthing (t s..)
class with B
petty (adv.) – reasnabl, quite 9 lucky – rtunate 10 just as – in the same wa that 8
10
16
we’d say ‘indigenous’ o ‘aboiginal’ just-o-the-bo at – recentl arrived 18 athe than – as ppsed t, instead 19 just – (in this context ) simpl 17
Young teaches ae moe enthusiastic.
have learned the local language will at least occasionally shortcut an arduous moment o incomprehension by explaining in your language (rather than 18 English). It’s just19 so much easier. And it’s wrong. Tose painul misunderstandings and explanations are some o the most useul moments in class time; real learning comes out o that eort. Te only thing to be wary 20 with ‘green 21’ teachers is to ensure that, as they begin to pick up 22 a bit o your language, the class doesn’t drit into23 an exchange. You are paying to learn English. Obviously, saying this directly is raer 24 b 25. Te best solution i the teacher asks how to say something in your language is to oer to explain ater the class.
3
Enegy and enthusiasm. Let’s ace it 26 , experienced teachers are bored to tears o 27 hearing what EFL 2 students think about the death penalty or what they did over the Eaer brea28 . Most o us don’t have
20
to be way o – be vigilant abut, be cautius
abut
geen – (in this context ) inexperienced to pick up – acquire, learn 23 to dit into – graduall becme 24 athe – quite, (in this context ) ver 25 blunt – discurteusl rank 26 let’s ace it – let’s be hnest 27 to be boed to teas o sth. – ind sth. ver 21 22
tedius 28
the Easte beak – Hl Week thinK in english
ISSUE 143
highly 29 original opinions or very stimulating lives when viewed rom outside. Jaded11 teachers think they have heard it all beore and in most cases they have. By contrast, a young inexperienced teacher is possibly conronting oreign culture or the rst time and the dierence in value systems can be ascinating or them, so they are much more ey 6 really care about what you are saying.
4
Tech-savvy30 Teaches. Young teachers rom English-speaking countries have grown up with the Internet and all the other new technologies; they simply cannot imagine a world without these things. Tey are thereore31 ar32 better placed to advise you on the wealth o 33 interesting ree material available to promote and stimulate your learning.
PHoTo By ALDEASyCAMPAMENToS
Expeienced teaches ae less likely to be tech-savvy.
more open to your p 35 about how to assign class time.
innce & inexpeence
Most Anglo 36 university graduates don’t know what a phrasal verb – or a Moe lexible and open to third conditional or a complement – is. suggestions . Jaded11 teachers In e Agpere37 we simply don’t know what you need and know how learn English in terms o nomencla you need to be taught. Tey will gener- ture. However, your young inexperially ae dy 34 your interer- enced teacher can speak English proing in their class. Younger less experi- ciently. Te act is, all you really need enced teachers are by and large3 much is someone who can speak English as
5
mANAGE yOuR ‘GREEN’ TEAchERS
✔ I a language topic seems to be a problem or several members
I a teacher is ung, it is quite pssible that u have been learning English r mre ears than he r she has been teaching it. I the teacher is ver green21, u ma even have attended 40 mre English classes than he r she has. I hpe I have established abve that ur ‘green’ teacher is a valuable
it is really spoken and who can identiy when something you say is wrong. ‘Green 21’ teachers get more nervous when they are asked why-questions to which they don’t know the answers but all teachers ace38 this situation; it’s just 19 that experienced teachers are better at talking round the answer39 . “I don’t know but I’ll nd out or next class” is a perectly reasonable response. In any case many whyquestions about English don’t have a satisactory ans wer.
o the group, suggest that the teacher nd an exercise to practise it. ✔
esouce 41; it is ur jb t manage that resurce tactull. Ater all, there is plent TEFL4 experience in the class, it’s
I you don’t think the teacher corrects your pronunciation enough, ask i such-and-such a pronunciation is correct. ✔ I you come across42 an interesting article or audio le somewhere, oer to bring it into class. Avid the temptatin nl suggesting t d things in
just that u are the ne wh pssesses it.
class that u nd eas and enjable; the ther things are
✔
prbabl mre useul. Remember: an inexperienced teacher is ur pprtunit t muld the class t ur preerences. I
Suggest that homework be given to the class. Specically, reading and exercises should be given as homework reeing up class time or conversation and correction.
✔ Suggest that each day’s conversation topics be agreed in the
previous class. ✔ Suggest how the class might be divided up so that it is more interesting or everyone involved. ✔ Ask or stimulating activities rom the internet. 29 30
highly – ver tech-savvy – knwledgeable abut new
technlgies theeoe – r this reasn 32 a – (in this context ) much 33 the wealth o – the great variet 31
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
u d s with tact, ur teacher and classmates will thank u r it. ■ related resources g
Do you preer a young or a middle-aged teacher?
to not take kindly to – nt like, be ended b (+ -ing) 35 input – cntributin, suggestins 36 Anglo – rm the Anglsphere, native English speaking 37 the Anglosphee – the English-speaking wrld 34
38 39
to ace – cnrnt to talk ound an answe – nt give a direct
answer
to attend – be present at, g t esouce – asset, useul thing 42 to come acoss (cme-came-cme) – encunter 40 41
11
CULTURE |
Feature
Preditions & Propeies The uture is ashinable. Where dcumentaries and magaine articles used t be mstl abut the present and past (what we knw), the
tend1 is r them t be increasingl abut what we dn’t (the uture).
Presumabl it is a smptm ur uncertain times but peple seem t be increasingl desperate t knw what is ging t happen and the are
read t pa r it. Unrtunatel, as we will see, science and reasn are petty2 useless when it cmes t predicting, and the mumbo-jumbo mechants3 are wrse. Fo instance4, as a sciet we spend a rtune cnsulting ecnmists despite the prven act that ecnmics is ver bad at predicting, especiall the uture. h t Ppesy /'prisai/
However, the best thing about all this he secret to a good prophecy is o is that Marshall wrote the lines several course to use general descriptions years beore the win-owers attacks! and above all5 not to put a date on your prophecy. Te most impressive prophecy o recent years was: “In the City o God there will be a great thunder 6 , Two brothers torn apart 7 by Chaos, While the fortress8 endures 9 , the great leader will succumb, The third big war will begin When the big city is burning...”
Nostadamus 1654 No doubt you saw this on the internet a decade ago ollowing 9/11. Unortunately, Nostradamus, who in any case died in 1566, never made this prediction. he lines were invented by a college10 student named Neill Marshall who wrote them to demonstrate how easy it was to write prophecies that were open to multiple inter pretations. 1 2
tend – tendenc, ashin petty (adv.) – rather, smewhat, largel, mre
r less 3
mumbo-jumbo mechant – s.. wh
prmtes esteric ideas o instance – r example 5 above all – mst imprtantl 6 thunde – the lud nise prduced in a strm 4
(= tempest) 12
PHoTo By PACoFENDER 7
Mayan calenda
to tea apat (tear-tre-trn) – vilentl
separated 8 otess – rt, strnghld, castle 9 to endue – survive, cntinue t exist 10 college – universit 11 mayhem /'meihem/ – chas 12 paadigm shit – undamental change in sciet 13 it is woth emembeing – we shuld remember
Nostadamus
Myn Myem11 Te reason why people are so excited about the Mayans prediction o the world ending (or at least a paradigm 12) is that there is a date attached. You can never prove Nostradamus or Te Book o Revelation wrong; in January 2012 we will be able to contradict the Mayans. However, beore taking the Mayans too seriously it is worth remembering 13 three things about that great civilization. First, they thought that the planet Venus was a god and this is central to their world-ending predictions. Secondly, they ailed to predict their own manmade14 environmental catastrophe. Finally, bear in mind 15 that a standard method o Mayan prediction involved stabbing 16 one’s penis with a sharp 17 stick18 . Te member was then wrapped 19 in paper and the bloody 20 paper burnt. 14 15
manmade – anthrpgenic to bea in mind (bear-bre-brne) – cnsider,
remember to stab – knie, spear, banet, impale, pierce, perrate 17 shap – sharpened, pinted 18 stick – piece wd 19 to wap – envelp, cver 20 bloody – bld-saked, bleeding, gr 16
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
P H o T o B y H A N N E S G R o B E
Prophecies were based on the movement o the smoke emanating rom this curious cagra21! (Please don’t try this at home). I predict the world will not end in December 2011 and, i it does, unlike all those economists, I will publicly apologize in Think 153.
Ban Island
Cucsn Cssness22 It’s easy to ridicule the Mayans but the predictions that have peppered23 ‘Western’ civilization have been even more pitiul 24 . Whole books o Western experts’ predictive gae25 exist 6 but here are just our o my avourites to illustrate. 1. The French people are incapable o regicide. [Louis XVI, 1789] 2. The South has too much common sense and good temper to break up27 the Union. [Abraham Lincoln, 1860] 3. Your ‘cigar-ettes’ will never become popular. [1870 28 ] 4. There is no reason or any individual to have a computer in their home. [1977 29 ]
OK, so everyone gets it wrong occasionally, you might think. But it’s worse than t hat. A couple o decades ago political scientist Philip etlock asked 300 political experts to make thousands o predictions about the world 20 years later; he concluded that they were less accurate30 than “dart 31throwing chimpanzees”32. Economists, o course, dream o 33 achieving 34 simian precision! conlagation – ire, lames cassness – stupidit 23 to peppe – ill 24 pitiul – pathetic 25 gae – embarrassing mistake, errr 26 such as They Got It Wrong: The Guinness Dictionary of Regrettable Quotations 27 to beak up (break-brke-brken) – cause 21
the disintegratin ciga-make F.G. Alton ejects an oe om John Playe 29 Ken Olson, Pesident o Digital Equipment Copoation 30 accuate – precise, exact, errr-ree, reliable 31 dat – 32 in Tetlock’s wods 33 to deam o – antasie 34
abut, aspire t to achieve – attain, reach, acquire
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
The end o the wold as we know it?
Te Next e deces
Ln-Tem Pectns
So many contradictory predictions are made that someone is bound to get it right 35 . In 2030: echnology Tat Will Change the World (Oxord University Press 2010) Rutger van Santen, Djan Khoe and Bram Vermeer predict that technology will solve all our major problems over the next couple o decades. Oh, the Dutch 36 – such optimists. Tis sunny scenario is contradicted by Laurence Smith in Te World in 2050 [Dutton, 2010] who envisages 37 much o the world catastrophically aected by climate change (including today’s winners such as China, India and Brazil). He recommends buying real estate in the areas bordering the Arctic (northern Canada, Alaska, northern Russia, Scandinavia and Greenland). Tese under-populated areas should benet rom climate change – getting warmer and having a plentiul supply 38 o resh water. O course, i the Dutch guys are right, your kids won’t thank you when all they inherit 39 is a dozen rozen hectares on Bafn Island!
Paradoxically, our distant uture is easier to predict than our near uture. In 250 million years’ time the world’s major land masses will orm a new super-continent leading to40 extreme weather systems that will make lie very difcu lt. As the sun gets bigger, global warming will reach a tipping p41 about hal a billion years rom now that will reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere to 40% o their current levels, wiping out42 most plant lie, (i.e. most lie). Te last lie on earth should have disappeared in 1.2 billion years’ time as a result o the disappearance o liquid water and surace temperatures o 70ºC. In 7.5 billion years’ time the sun will ave we43 into a red giant, 250 times bigger than its current size. emperatures on the earth’s surace will reach 2000ºC and it will rain molten44 iron45. O course, the best thing about these geological predictions is that nobody will ever be able to contradict them.
35
is bound to get it ight – must predict
crrectl
22
28
P H o T o B y N A S A
the Dutch – peple rm Hlland 37 to envisage – envisin, imagine, predict 38 supply – prvisin, reserve 39 to inheit – be heir t, cme int, receive in 36
inheritance 40
to lead to (lead-led-led) – result in, bring
abut tipping point – pint inlexin 42 to wipe out – eliminate, annihilate 43 to swell (swell-swelled-swllen) – expand 44 molten – ht liquid 45 ion /aiən/ – (Fe.) a errus metal 46 a load o – a lt 47 ultimately – (alse riend ) in the inal analsis 48 sensible – (alse riend ) reasnable, ratinal 49 a Bitish punk band o the late 1970s and ’80s. 41
A LOAD OF 46 cRySTAL BALLS We are desperate t knw the uture because we hate uncertaint despite the act that it is precisel the unpredictabilit lie that makes it interesting. Ultimately47, there are t man variables in human sciet r an sensible 48 persn t take predictins
r prphecies seriusl. S, I leave the nal wrds t The Clash 49, “The uture is unwritten; knw ur rights”. ■ related resources e
What predictions can you confidently make about your uture?
13
CULTURE |
geometry
Parables about
Parabolas By PRoF. RAoUL FRANKLIN
The tw wrds ‘parable’ and ‘parabla’ have a cmmn Greek souce1, but ne that is nt immediatel bvius, given that ne is used in a Biblical cntext r a str
with a deeper meaning, wheeas2 the ther is a well-dened mathematical curve. The parabla is a curve that has ascinated peple r millennia – at least since the Ancient Greeks. As we will see, parablas ccur all arund us. Fr example, the path3 a lcal prjectile n Earth subject t a unirm uni-directinal rce ( namely4 grav-
PHoTo By RAUL PUy
it) is a parabla. In ther wrds, i ne des nt take air resistance
Cones are part o everyday lie as evidenced by ice-cream cones , pine int accunt, that applies equall t aows , atilley shells and tennis balls. I such things seem unimprtant u shuld ce, rac ce, and cc vcaremember that it was an understanding parablas that noes. Even coniers, which produce allowed7 Eurpeans t deeat8 the ottmans and ther pine cones, are themselves essentially ‘eastern’ Empires: the Westerners’ motas9 were simpl trees with a conical envelope. mre accuate10. Te paths3 o planets and comets are approximately ellipses, and that is Te Serios mateatial Bit Cuttn Up Cnes because we are talking about bodies The mathematical equ atin r a Now a parabola is known as one o that are attracted by the Sun’s gravita2 11 the conic sections. Circular cones tional orce. On the other hand, when parabla is = x , where x and are 12 Catesian coodinates . That is a are generated by a line inclined to an atomic particles interact and are o special case, and t llw the particaxis which, when subject to circular the same electrical charge they repel ular prperties a parabla we turn motion, generates the surace o a cone. each other and their trajectories are I this surace is then intersected by a hyperbolas. Tey come rom aar and the prblem n its side and intrduce the cncepts a cus at x = a, and plane, the curves so made15 are known then are deeced19 to go away. as ‘conic sections’, and they are = 0, and a directrix, a line given b x = -a. The parabla is then dened variously ell ipses 16, parabolas, and hyperbolas17. Ellipses are b pints that are equidistant rm the cus and the directrix. It is quite closed and essentially squeezed18 a simple matte13 t pove14 that in circles. By contrast, parabolas are this representatin the equatin r in some sense intermediate and 2 are not closed because the plane the parabla is = 4ax and that it is described b a single variable t being that generates them is parallel to 2 the generator. Hyperbolas consist dened b = 2at, x= at . o two curves which like paraboPHoTo By DUC Conic sections 1 souce – rigin las go to innity. 2 5
wheeas – while path – (in this context ) trajectr 4 namely – (id est ) that is 5 aow – 6 shell – (in this context ) explsive 3
prjectile 7
to allow – enable,
8
to deeat – triumph
9
mota –
permit ver, cnquer
14
accuate – precise, exact “y (= /wai/) equals x (= /eks/) squaed” 12 Catesian coodinates – a sstem
6
10 11
representing pints in space in terms their distance rm a given rigin measured alng a set mutuall perpendicular axes (written x,,) with reerence t these three axes. 13 it is quite a simple matte – it is relativel eas 14 to pove – demnstrate 15 so made – made in this wa
16
don’t conuse an ‘ellipse’ (= an val, the term reerred t here) with ‘ellipsis’ (= the mis-
sin part a wrd r sentence, represented b ‘...’) 17 don’t conuse a ‘hypebola’ (= see diagram) with ‘hypebole’ (= intentinal exaggeratin used r eect in rhetric) 18 squeezed – squashed, partiall lattened, cmpressed 19 to delect sth. – cause sth. t change its trajectr thinK in english
ISSUE 143
Newton’s Bidge
illumntn ies Let us now go on to examine the many applications o parabolas, and their signicance in scientic development. Te use o the term ‘ocus’ should give us a clue 20 . A parabolic mirror used with a light source21 at the ocus can give us a car’ eadamp22, or a searchlight23 . Invert the process and parabolas can be used to create a telescope where the image o a distant object is to be ound at the ocus. It is believed that the Ancient Greeks used a parabolic mirror directed at the Sun to ignite e Oympc rc.
Eyn24 Pbls Parabolas also have structural applications and argaby 25 the most amous is Newton’s Bridge in Cambridge. However, all catenary 26 or suspension bridges are approximately parabolic both in the catenary providing the ppr 27 and the ape28 o the road clue – hint, indicatin a light souce – sth. that illuminates 22 headlamp – the lights n the rnt a vehicle 20 21
that illuminate the rad ahead seachlight – pwerul lights that are used t illuminate at night (e.g. t see escaping prisners r hstile bmber planes) 24 ediying – instructive, enlightening. Notice 23
that ‘ediy’ is aely used to ee to building ediices in Moden English 25 aguably – pssibl, perhaps, debatabl 26 catenay – the curve assumed b a heav
unirm lexible crd suspended reel rm ISSUE 143
thinK in english
Eective Westen motas PHoTo By DAVID P
Paabolic aches
ppred 29. Te same can be said o all arch bridges and dam30. So are arches in churches parabolas? Te answer has to be ‘no’; they cannot have a smooth transit ion at the top o the arch. Interestingly, Gaudí dd bd 31 a va 32 rom parabolas in Barcelona.
both the entry and exit to a change o elevation should be a parabola and should be taken at 36 a uniorm speed. Ideed 37 the designers o rad bumps38 deliberately try to ensure a lack o smoothness 39 . Perhaps the most extreme example o the human gravitational interaction has been employed in the training o astronauts Nesting Parabolas who are able or a short time to experi33 ence weightlessness40 when aboard an All parablas can be scaled t ne anther, that is the are gemetricall aircrat that is put into an almost vertical pa3 ollowing a parabola. similar and i ne varies the plane intersectin with the cne, parablas I wder41 what the Ancient Greek ae ‘nested 34’; in ther wrds even mathematicians, who got such enjoywhen the are prjected nt the ment out o the elegant results they were able to prove14, would make o same plane the d nt intersect. the modern-day world in which their knowledge has been applied to physics rn Pbls Human beings are most comortable and to engineering. ■ 35 when undergoing uniorm accelerarelated resources tion, so the design o roads employs Anyone can understand parabolas when varying t he elevation, t mathematical concepts i they have a good enough teacher - do you agree? but not every road designer knows that tw pints (think the electrical cables suspended between plns) 27 suppot – (in this context ) buttressing, carring capacit 28 shape – rm 29 suppoted – that is being supprted (= held up, brne up) 30 dam – wall/barrier acrss a river that retains water t rm a reservir 31 did build – (emphatic ) built 32 vault – arched r, arched ceiling, series parallel arches 33 to scale sth. – (in this context ) re-prprtin,
make prprtinall bigger r smaller to be nested – (in this context ) 35 to undego (-g/-went/-gne) – experience 36 to take sth. at (take-tk-taken) – traverse sth., drive thrugh sth. 37 indeed – (emphatic ) in act 38 oad bump – rad hump, sleeping pliceman 39 lack o smoothness – absence luidit, abruptness, jlt 40 weightlessness – situatin in which an bject has n apparent weight 41 to wonde – ask nesel 34
15
CULTURE |
travel
Te World o Diens By ANNA RICHARDS
“It was the best times, it was the wrst times.” S wrte Charles Dickens in his clssal wrk literar genius, A Tale o Two Cities (1859). The authr
was actually1 describing the plitical and scial backgound2 t the French Revlutin, thugh ne can easil appl his wrds t a smewhat later perid
and an altogethe3 dierent lcatin: High Victrian Lndn, with its parks and palaces and, ten nl a cuple streets awa, poverty-stricken4 slums5 and smoke-belching6 actries. obviusl, the great authr lived in a time (and place) great cntrasts. New inventins like the rst anaesthetics were saving lives at a time when lthy7 living cnditins were still killing thusands. Dickens wrte abut it all, penning8 stries bth rich and pr spanning9 thusands
pages r uture generatins t enj and learn rm. Even nw, in the 21st Centur, Dickens’s characters reall seem t leap o the page 10 whenever we
read abut them. And nwhere is this mre true than in a certain bunke11 in Kent at Chatham Maritime, inside which is recreated the wrld dank 12, dingy13 and dangerus Victrian Lndn, with its, crumbling14 hal-timbered15
buildings, dilapidated side streets and authenticall smell sewes16. dickens worl (www.dickensworld.co.uk)
London Portsot
cata Roester Broadstairs
actually – (alse riend ) in act, reall backgound – setting, precedents 3 altogethe – (in this context ) cmpletel 4 povety-sticken – derelict and impverished 5 slum – ghett r the pr 6 smoke-belching – emitting thick plluting
his 62 million-pound investment, opened in 2007 attracts hundreds o thousands o visitors yearly. Laey 17 it has put on scenes rom Oliver wist , set in the perectly-recreated town square, surrounded by shops and businesses whose names are all taken rom the pages o Dickens’s novels. It has been immortalized in popular culture as the set or British band Te Hoosiers’ video o their song, Cops and Robbers, eaturing 18 the musicians ru nning around the theme park, being chased 19 by a couple o Victorian bobbies as they push through a giant street party to pen – write to span – cver 10 to leap o the page – cme t lie, seem ver
Scenes om Dickens Wold
in the square and take the amous ride through the Victorian sewers16, amously criticized by many or being “too tame20” and not up to 21 Disneyland adard22 . hal-timbe – made brick and wd sewe – tunnel r waste water 17 lately – recentl 18 to eatue – include as a prminent aspect 19 to chase – pursue, hunt 20 tame – inensive, inncuus, uninspiring 21 up to – (in this context ) equal t 22 standads – level, qualit
1
8
15
2
9
16
smke 7
ilthy – ver dirt, etid
16
realistic bunke – (literally ) undergrund reuge 12 dank – damp (= wet) and dark 13 dingy – smbre, depressing 14 cumbling – graduall disintegrating 11
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
PHoTo By CHRIS WHIPPET
Dickens’s Swiss chalet in rocheste PHoTo By JACK1956
O course, comparisons with other theme parks are inevitable, but unlike23 Disneyland, Dickens World is not just24 mea be25 about r26 . It has an educational background, which peeks through27 in the 4D cinema located in “Peggoty’s Boathouse”, creeg 28 a short lm about the lie o the great author. In other locations around the site you can speak to well-inormed actor-enthusiasts who will be happy to tell you more about the times Dickens lived in. he lower-girls in the square will teach you to play Victorian games, and watch you getting tangled 29 in a skipping rope 30 and der31 at pg p32. Te lady at the cecer’33 will happily go on or hours on the subject 34 o sugar mice 35 and humbugs36 – the sweet kind, not the grumpy 37 old Scrooge kind 38 – a must-try Victorian treat 39 unlike – in cntrast t just – (in this context ) nl 25 to be meant to be – be suppsed t be 26 thills – excitement 27 to peek though – emerge urtivel 28 to sceen – prject, shw 29 to get tangled up (get-gt-gt) – 23 24
becme entangled/muddled skipping ope – 31 to lounde – ail, alter 32 spinning top – 33 conectione’s – sweet shp, cand stre 34 subject – theme, questin 35 suga mouse (plural ‘mice’) – sugar sweet in the rm a muse 36 humbug – 37 gumpy – bad-tempered, irritable, irascible 30
38
In A Christmas Caro l Scooge’s avouite
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
or any wee-40. She will also be deged41 to explain to you all about the strange-looking, oot-tall pillar o sugar on the counter42 – the sugar loa 43, o which little blocks o the sweet substance would be chiselled44 and sold to poorer customers, while the rich would typically order the whole loa, or cutting up in the pary 45 by the cook. It is hard46 to determine i Dickens World is more about the author himsel, the characters o his novels or indeed 47 the period he lived in. Probably a little o each, with some tough modern-day commercialism rw 48 – ece49 the theme-park ride and the pictures thereo 50, images o screaming 51 passengers orever immortalized on key-rings52, mugs53 or rdge mage54, which you can take home as souvenirs. Another exa mple o modern-day technology seeping exclamation is “Humbug!” (= Nnsense!,
Hw ridiculus!) 39 teat – pleasure, delight, specialit 40 a sweet-tooth – preerence r sugar d 41 to be delighted – be ver happ 42 counte – wrk surace (similar t a table) in a shp 43 loa – (in this context ) blck, pillar 44 to chisel – cut 45 panty – larder, strerm r d 46 had – diicult 47 indeed – (emphatic ) in act 48 to be thown in – be included (incngruusl) 49 hence – which explains 50 theeo – it 51 to sceam – shriek, ell 52 key-ing – 53 mug – large cup r tea r cee 54 idge magnet – picture with a magnetic strip n the back (tpicall stuck t ne’s rerigeratr dr)
Dickens’s home in Gad’s Hill Place
through to55 this would-be Dickensian world are the touch screens in the Victorian classroom. Otherwise it is a near-perect recreation o Dotheboys School rom Nicholas Nickelby , complete with conical dunce cap 56 , donned57 by naughty 58 pupils standing in the corner or misbehaviour 59, and a preacy 60, Victorian m 61 ag 62 in huge 63 capitals above the blackboard64 , “SPEAK WHEN SPOKEN O”. I the lesson gets you hungry, why not pp ver 65 the Porter’s Bar and Restaurant or some good old-ashioned chunky 66 chips67 served on a wooden board68 . Keep in mind though that dinner should only be eaten ater the ride through the sewers a ae place 69 , owing not only to the steep descent o the boat but also to the painstakingly 70 recreated smells. And as i that weren’t thrilling 71 enough, 55 56
to seep though to – permeate dunce cap – (historical ) cnical hat (a smbl
stupidit) that a pupil was rced t wear as a wa humiliating him/her 57 to don – wear, put n 58 naughty – disbedient, badl behaved 59 misbehaviou – miscnduct, disbedience 60 peachy – mralistic, sanctimnius 61 motto – maxim, prverb 62 to state – declare 63 huge – enrmus, gigantic 64 blackboad – 65 to pop ove to – visit 66 chunky – thick-cut 67 chips (UK English) – French ries (US English) 68 wooden boad – plank wd 69 to take place (take-tk-taken) – ccur, happen 70 painstakingly – careull, meticulusl, assiduusl 71 thilling – exciting 17
❯❯
can be visited. The Dickens House Museum , down the road on the searont 86 , occupies a house that eatures 87 in David Copperfeld . Te Broadstairs Dickens Festival will be held88 rom 16th to 22nd June in 2012 (www.broadstairsdickensfestival.co.uk ).
2 3
London: Dikens’s chief charater V.S. Pritchett nce bserved that Lndn was in man was the chie character89 much Dickens’s ctin and sme visitrs are still surprised t ind that the British capital is no
longe 90 Dickensian. Mst Dickens’s
lie was spent in Lndn and the British capital eatues87 in almst all his
1 PHoTo By SIMoN BURCHELL
nvels.
PHoTo By CoLIN SMITH
Central Lndn is peppered with91
Dickens’s Bithplace Museum (1), Bleak House in Boadstais (2), Dickens Festival in rocheste (3)
names and addresses rm the pages Dickens World also boasts its very own Haunted73 House, where visitors dder74 at the sight o creepy 75 Dickensian spooks76, most notably the spirits rom A Christmas Carol . Opinions are divided over Dickens World, some people love it, others don’t. One thing is or sure, this was a colossal undertaking 77 and Dickens is probably the only author to whose works a whole theme park is dedicated, an honour even Shakespeare cannot boast o 78 . I wonder what Dickens himsel would have thought o it? 72
Vstn dcensn kent Dickens World is in Chatham because Dickens lived in the town between the ages o ive and 10. Chatham is some 40km east o London and well connected by train (Charing Cross and Victoria). Rochester, which is just 24 3km rom Chatham, talks up79 its links with 80 Dickens – the town pops up81 in several o his novels. Eastgate House to boast – (in this context ) have, pride itsel n haunted – requented b ghsts 74 to shudde – tremble, quake, quiver 75 ceepy – scar, macabre, ghstl, sinister, spk 76 spook – ghst, phantm 77 undetaking – enterprise, endeavur, peratin 78 to boast o sth. – declare prudl that u
on the High Street is mentioned in Te Pickwick Papers and Te Mystery o Edwin Drood . It e 82 Dce’ Cae83, the small building in which he wrote his nal novel. However, the chalet is being completely restored because it is structurally unsound. Its original location was the garden o Gad’ H Pace (in Higham, to the northeast o Rochester). Tis was the only home that Dickens ever owned and it was where the author spent the last our years o his lie. Tis year Gad’s Hill Place is being turned into 84 an ‘international heritage centre’ (whatever that means). Further down the North Kent coast – right at its easternmost 85 point – is Broadstairs. For 14 years during his most productive period Dickens woul d come her e ever y su mmer. he property where he wrote Bleak House and David Copperield has now been renamed... Bleak House (www.bleakhouseholidays.co.uk ) and to house – (in this context ) cntain chalet /'∫ælei/– (in this context ) a small wden building. This chalet was located in the gaden at Gad’s House Place away om the house so that Dickens could wite without being inteupted 84 to be tuned into – be cnverted int 85 eastenmost – mst easterl 86 seaont – line buildings which lk directl
72
82
73
83
have sth. to talk sth. up – emphasie, exaggerate links with – cnnectins t, assciatins with 81 to pop up – appear 79
ut t sea
80
18
87
to eatue – appear (prminentl)
Dickens’s nvels, thugh you’d have a had time92 imagining oliver
Twist n the Farringdn Rad r Little Nell in Hlbrn tda. The main93 ‘sight94 ’ is Dickens’ House (www.dickensmuseum.com 48 Dught St., rund the crner rm the
British Museum). It was in this huse – the nl ne Dickens’s 15 Lndn
hmes t survive – in which he wrte Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby .
Ptsmut hose who really want to do the Dickens thing thoroughly 95 should begin where it all started, down in Portsmouth which boasts 72 The Dickens Birthplace Museum (www.charlesdickensbirthplace.co.uk ) but the excursion is ‘missable 96’ except or ■ the seriously committed. related resources l
88
Is there a writer whose trail you would like to ol low?
to hold (hld-held-held) – (in this context )
rganie, celebrate chie chaacte – central ictinal persn 90 no longe – nt... anmre 91 to be peppeed with – be ull 92 you’d have a had time – u wuld ind it 89
diicult main – principal, primar 94 sight – place t visit 95 thooughly – ull, cmpletel 96 missable – ptinal 93
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
CULTURE |
music
geoRge HaRpeR
Tere’s No Soin’ In here G
erge ‘Harp’ Harper was almst 50 ears ld when he released his rst album all riginal sngs. He had
Gerge and his new CD, I’ll Be Bac , t their label3. In the cuple ears since4, Gerge has had sme great
helped Tim and Dann Carter build a studi nt their exist-
pprtunities t pla his wn music, his wn wa, arund the wrld. He has plaed at Ireland’s Jhnn Keenan Banj Festival ur times nw. In 2011 he had a cuple sngs read t recrd, s abut a mnth bere his trip t Lngrd, ‘Harp’ and his regular band ur gus went in the studi and recrded a 6 sng EP: No Smoin’ In Here. It was dne just in
ing huse. The Carters, knwing that Gerge was a sngwriter,
insisted that he recrd a CD in the new studi. Ater the rst sessin tunes1 Harp plaed that night, Tim knew there were sme gd sngs. 20 r s musicians helped ‘Harp’ get the prject o the gound2 and abut nine mnths later he had
his rst nished recrd! The Carter brthers alng with Brian Budzinski – the three partners Tree-o-Recrds – were s impressed with this great Nashville talent that the signed
time t take aboad5. Gerge will be back t Eurpe in 2012. There is talk him ding a tur in Ireland in Februar.
There’s no smokin’ in here Lrd knws mmma was prud. Lrd knws m mmma is prud.
Midges6 are swamin’7 this mrnin’ I’m scatchin’8 m legs all the time
CHORUS 9
It’s alwas been that wa at momma’s .
All that was never allowed . 10
She thught that it was the right thing
t d
a hmn But I think thse ur ellas18 saved me.
I’ll have t sit ut here n this rnt
prch Smkin’ t drink n m wine.
We prbabl shuld have been singin’
Keep the wine utside, u bs, u hear. Dn’t u bring in no11 beer. Watch out12 wh u let inside And u knw there’s n smkin’ in
I think thse ur ellas saved me. –CHORUS–
Nw we will d all in ur pwer S that mmma will sleep good19
here. yu knw there’s n smkin’ in here.
’Cos20 when tmrrw comes round21
We’ve alwas been churchging
And She’s gne t wrk, We’ll be hme eeling all right.
peple
tnight.
And we’ll hpe that the midges6 wn’t
Got dessed up13 n the seventh da. But Saturda nights were made r un And I was sleeping as the thers wuld
bite. –CHORUS–
pay . 14
related resources
Th ere’s mus ic rm dwn in the
basement15
h, t
It’s the Beatles just16 lettin’ it be17. 1 2
tune – meld, sng to get sth. o the gound (get-gt-gt) – put
sth. in mtin, get sth. ging label – (in this context ) recrding cmpan 4 since – since then, between then and nw 5 aboad – verseas, (in this context ) t Ireland 6 midge – small insect similar t a msquit 7 to swam – (o insects) be abundant, be gather3
ing in great numbers ISSUE 143
thinK in english
to scatch – rub ne’s skin with ne’s inger-
14
nails, use ne’s digits t lacerate an itch area ne’s bd 9 momma’s – m mther’s huse 10 to allow – permit 11 no – (dialect ) an 12 watch out (imperative) – be careul, beware 13 to get dessed up (get-gt-gt) – wear clean expensive clthes
15
8
tk 12
to pay – interact with Gd/the gds basement – cellar, undergrund rm 16 just – (in this context ) simpl 17 Let It Be (1970) is a eligious song by The Beatles 18 ella – (slang) ellw, gu, blke, man 19 good – (dialect ) well 20 ’cos – (slang) because 21 to come ound (cme-came-cme) – arrive
19
CULTURE |
PerFormance
Dickens: Te Great Entertainer
or all those there that morning it wa well worth16 braving 17 the sub-reezing temperatures to see the great Charles Dickens give one o his pebdg 18 readings. With tickets e gd d19 not surprisingly all the passes or that Monday 9th December perormance sold out in just 20 an hour netting 21 $16,000 in recep22.
By CoLMAN KEANE
Te Pemnce
an all-Nt Vl It was a bitterly cold early morning in 1867 as touts2 donning 3 stylish hats mingled with 4 over ive thousand decent olk who, mg p5 in thick coats and carve6, patiently stood in line waiting or the Steinway Hall ticket ofce in New York to open. Many had been queuing 7 all night and had passed the time singing and dancing, in a vain eort to shake of 8 the numbing 9 eects o the November chill10. By nine o’clock in the morning when the ticket ofce opened on 14th Street the queue was 1.2km long. Tey had come rom ar and wide11 to see a perormer who was the talk o every English-speaking town on both sides o the Atlantic. Te Coggeshall amily, chilled to the marrow 12 rom their night’s vigil, summed up13 the spirit o all those determined to get their hands on a ticket. Tey had made their way rom Brooklyn in a blizzard14 and as Edwin Coggeshall told a ew o those in the queue, we wouldn’t have come to hear the Apostle Paul but we have come to hear Dickens. Indeed15, 1
Thomas Ca lyle (1795-1881), Scottish novelist and histoian. Majo inluence on and close iend o Dickens 2 (ticket) tout /taut/ –
s.. wh illegall resells tickets 3 to don – wear 4 to mingle with – mix with, circulate amng 5 to mule up – prtect nesel against the cld 6 sca ( plural ‘scarves’) – 7 to queue – wait in line 8 to shake sth. o (shake-shk-shaken) – ree nesel sth., prtect nesel against sth. 9 numbing – desensitiing, paraling, reeing 10 chill – cld 11 a and wide – all ver the place 12 to be chilled to the maow – be ver cld, be ren 20
We wouldn’t have come to hear the Apostle Paul but we have come to hear Dickens. 13
to sum up – snpsie, express in a cncise
wa
blizzad – snwstrm indeed – (emphatic ) in act 16 to be well woth – be acceptable (+ ininitive) 17 to bave – endure, suer 18 spellbinding – mesmeriing, captivating 19 like gold dust – ver valuable, in high 14 15
demand
just – (in this context ) nl 21 to net – earn, make 22 eceipts /rə'si:ts/ – (in this context ) incme, 20
earnings, revenue
to be acutely awae o – be ver cnscius Foste, John, The Life of Charles Dicens , ed. J. W. T. Ley, Londo n, 1928 25 to be saddled with – be encumbered with, be 23 24
burdened with, have (sth. nerus)
26
As Michael Slate has noted, Dickens made a clear profit of some £38,000 on his American tour
Dickens, the greatest entertainer the world had ever seen, was acutely aware 23 the long and heavy train o dependants24 with whom he was saddled 25 and so was determined to make a nancial success26 o a tour that was to a27 our long months. o this end, he had brought with him an impressive entourage28 including his valet29 Henry Scott, Boycett his gas-man30 , Berry his dd-jb ma 31 and George Dolby, his manager and riend, whose task it was to outwit 32 the many ticket touts2. Tat Monday night there was an air o expectancy in a packed33 Steinway Hall as a distinguished, g-brw 34 gaering 35 settled back 36 in their seats. While awaiting the arrival o the great man himsel, row ater row o 37 spectators there that night beheld 38 what was a typical Dickens reading platorm. In ront o a large, vivid maroon 39 backdrop 40 the spectators saw a horizontal batten41 o gas-jets 42 that concentrated a powerul light. In the centre o the stage 43 was a 37” high reading desk specially designed by 27 28
to last – g n r, cntinue r entouage – retinue, grup travelling
cmpanins valet – manservant, persnal attendant 30 gas-man – (historical ) persn in charge the illuminatin in a theatre 31 odd-job man – general ixer 32 to outwit – utsmart, be cleverer than 33 packed /pækt/– cmpletel ull, sld ut 34 high-bow – sphisticated, reined 35 gatheing – audience 36 to settle back – relax 37 ow ate ow o – hundreds 38 to behold (-hld/-held/-held) – see, witness, watch 39 maoon – dark red 40 backdop – screen in the backgrund 41 batten – rw, series 42 gas-jet – pressuried lw illuminating gas 43 the stage – the platrm n which a perrmance ccurs 29
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
“Chaly, yu cay a whl cmpany f acts und yu wn hat.1” Dickens himsel. On the desk-top dead to begin with. Within minutes this was a small box wit h a slot44 which extraordinarily egagg 56 storyteller served as a book-rest or his prompt- and actor had the 2,000 plus audience books45 . Tere was a sudden hush46 in the palm o his hand. Te peroras an elderly, bearded man in evening mance was hypnotic. A Christmas dress came onto the stage and amid47 a Carol, wr itten originally to be read prolonged round o applause made his aloud, was quintessential Dickens and way to the desk and glanced round 48 those privileged enough to be present the hall. He was the very essence o were listening to a ascinating story told sartorial49 elegance, clad50 as he was by a compelling 57 raconteur 58 . Tat in a purple waistcoat 51, his impressive night Dickens seemed to disappear as watch-chain52 glittering 53 beneath the he became in turn Scrooge, Scrooge’s fame o the gas-lamps. With a wave o nephew 59, Bob Cratchit and 20 other his hand Dickens bade54 the audience dierent characters, dazzg 60 in the to listen. A deathly hush46 ell on the process his audience and losing them hall as Dickens in a clear, melodious completely in the story. He was ater voice spoke that night or the rst time all a consummate actor, marvellous in New York: Ladies and Gentlemen … raconteur, extraordinary enchanter I am to have the pleasure o reading to and above all a close riend who, with you frst tonight, A Christmas Carol, in his remarkable skills, mesmerized 61 our staves 55 . Stave One … Marley was those present.
re anst te gs62 Lts
Dickens’s eading desk
44 45
slot – lng straight grve (= aperture) pompt-book – bk cntaining ntes t
remind a perrmer a sequence hush – silence 47 amid – amidst, ( in this context ) 46
A u ll 15 years earlier Dickens had begun giving charity readings. His rst in Birmingham 63 which eatured A Christmas Carol and Te Cricket 64 on the Hearth65 were so successul that the author, a man never to r p his nose at66 a good business opportunity, decided to turn proessional in 1858, thus prg 67 the advice o his loyal riend John Forster 68 . he lure 69 o the stage 70 proved too much and his rst proessional reading that April was rapturously 71 received. Dickens compelling – mesmeriing, captivating aconteu – strteller, narratr 59 nephew – the sn ne’s brther r sister 60 to dazzle – (in this context ) hpntie 61 to mesmeize – hpntie, captivate, asci57 58
during
nate
to glance ound – lk abut satoial – relating t clthing 50 clad in – dressed in, wearing 51 waistcoat (UK English) – vest (US English) 52 watch-chain – 53 to glitte – shine 54 to bid (bid-bade-bidden) – ask 55 stave – (in this context ) part 56 engaging – charming, likeable, delightul
gaish – ver bright, glaring held on Decembe 27, 29 and 30, 1853 at the Town Hall 64 cicket (countable) – 65 heath – ireplace (espe-
never looked back and armed with his bulky 72 Gladstone bag, an array 73 o prompt-books 45 and extraordinary repertoire proceeded to conquer every city he visited. His renderings74 o Little Dombey and Mrs Gamp together with those rom the Christmas Books transported his audiences into raptures. By 1869 the gruelling 75 tours were taking a rg 76 the English author. On March 15th 1870 he gave his last reading. His last words in public, rom these garish 62 lights I vanish now or evermore, proved to be prophetic. He was buried 77 12 weeks later in Poets’ ■ Corner78 . related resources F
iend, liteay adviso and oicial biogaphe 69 lue – attractin, ascinatin, pull, appeal 70 the stage – (in this context ) the theatre,
perrming 71
62
49
63
72
ciall when it is smblicall the warm centre a hme) 66 to tun one’s nose up at – reject, nt accept 67 to spun – turn dwn, reject, nt accept
75
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
John Foste (1812-1876). Dickens’s bes t
aptuously – ecstaticall, euphricall,
enthusiasticall
48
68
Who would you most like to go and see speak i n public? Why?
bulky – vluminus, immense 73 an aay – a selectin, a variet 74 endeing – (in this context ) perrmance,
reading guelling – exhausting, arduus 76 to take a ightening toll on (take-tk-
taken) – d terrible damage t to buy /'beri/ – put a cadaver undergrund 78 in London’s Westminste Abbey 77
21
CULTURE |
cinema
1
dik flik
Dickens is the most adapted author of all time. Mre lms and TV series have been made based n Dickens’s nvels than n thse an ther writer. Incredibl, bere the advent2 sund in
1927, alread ver 100 lm adaptatins the Victrian authr’s wrk had been made arund the wrld. Sund gave resh impetus t Dickensian mvies – in 1935 alne Hllwd made versins David Copperfeld , A Tale of Two Cities and The Mystery of Edwin Drood . Since then a steady steam3 Dickensian mvies and miniseries has been prduced t the
extent that nbd has seen Dickens’s entire audivisual euvre and lm bus4 have simpl lst cunt the ttal, thugh it is clearl well ver
200. Just5 bowse6 Aman and u will be ered hal a den versins Great Expectations, Oliver Twist , Nicholas Nickleby , David Coppereld r A Christmas Carol . Adaptatins have starred everne rm Michael Caine 7, Gwneth Paltrw8, Jamie Bell9, Bill Murra10 and Daniel Radclie11 t Elijah Wd12 and Miss Pigg13 (t name sme the mre unlikely14 actrs). In Eisenstein – himsel an immensely important gure in celluloid history – credited Dickens with inventing much o the language o movies, rom parallel montage 16 to the close-up 17. Te Te te Cnem (1901), though British, French and cd18 or Dickens into the movies Dickens movies are as old as cinema Amer ica n adapt at ions ar e know n was the r19 D.W. Grifth, who itsel. Te oldest surviving ragment to have existed rom the late 1890s. openly recognized his indebtedness to o Dickensian audio-visuals is Scrooge Ideed15, Russian lm d irector Sergei the Victorian novelist. Dickens’s inuence on cinema is less surprising when you take into account 20 several actors. First his real passion was or the theatre and, partly as a result, he wrote very visually, careully depicting 21 a sense o place. Moreover, Dickens tends to populate his stories with psychologically simple characters who are either saints or sinners 22 ; the goodies and villains that have always populated Hollywood movies and are ar more popular with the general public than aced23 characters.
cntrast t ther great authrs, ever ne Dickens’s majr wrks has been turned int a lm, including varius versins The Mystery o Edwin Drood – even thugh it was nl hal written when the authr died in 1870!
lick – (old ashioned ) ilm, mvie advent – arrival, appearance 3 steady steam – cnstant lw 4 ilm bu – s.. wh knws a lt abut cinema 5 just – (in this context ) simpl 6 to bowse – lk thrugh, peruse 7 in The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) 8 she staed in Great Expectations (1997) 9 amous o staing as Billy Eliot. He played Smike in Nicholas Nicleby (2002) 10 amous o his ole in Lost in Translation 1 2
22
(2003). He staed in Scrooged (1988) a comedy based on A Christmas Caro l 11 amous as Hay Potte. He played young David Coppeield in the 1999 ilm vesion. 12 amous as Fodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings, he played The Atul Dodge in Oliver Twist (1997). 13 in The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) 14 unlikely – imprbable 15 indeed – (emphatic ) in act 16 paallel montage – technique in which tw
stries are tld at the same time
17
close-up – when a character’s ace ccupies
the entire screen conduit – channel 19 notoious – inamus. Giith diected the 18
20
acist blockbuste Birth of a Nation (1915) to take into account (take-tk-taken) take
int cnsideratin, cnsider to depict – represent, describe 22 sinne – bad persn, baddie, villain 23 nuanced – subtle, (in this context ) wh have gd and bad acets 21
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
All-Singing, All-Dancing Dickens Te sentimentalism o many o Dickens’s stories has also meant that they make perect odder24 or musicals. Te best known is o course Carol Reed’s hugely 25 successul Oliver! (1968), which was ollowed by David Copper feld (1969), Pickwick (1969), Scrooge (1970), Smike! (1973) and Mr Quilp (1975). Te project or the musical Pip! was an exclamation mark too ar26 and it eventually 27 mutated into the nonmusical Great Expectations (1974).
encounter Dickens is in the BBC adapFinally, ’ wr g 39 that V tations where our to eight hours give returned the compliment to 40 the dcens apts Bly t te Mves time or the novels true story to be told. written word: the BBC’s Bleak House Having said all that, it is also t rue that Hal a dozen V versions o Dickens (2005) put Dickens back on the bestDickens’s novels are oten ruined by novels were Ae 34’s way o combat- selling booklists. their conversion to the silver screen 28 . ing the values o Tatcherism in the A DIckENSIAN FuTuRE ake the classic examples o David 1980s. Independent British television Lean’s Great Expectations (1946) has also made some memorable adapS, where t rm here? Can we nl look owad to 41 endless BBC serials and Oliver Twist (1948), undoubtedly tations, notably Hard Times (1977). masterpieces o flm noir 29 providing 480 minutes might sound like an and a Hllwd oray42 ever decade some o the most memorable moments awul long time but I have to say that r s? Well, I can see anther ptin. 35 Man Dickens’s nvels culd be in lm history. However, these pictures the most mesmerizing lm version 30 31 actually make rather a mess o o Dickens I’ve ever seen was the transerred successull t a Third Wrld 36 Dickens’s stories, leaving the viewer RSC ’s Nicholas Nickleby (1982), rst cntext. In man was the cnditins 37 32 wit h nonsensical coincidences t hat screened on Channel 4. Even though in cuntries such as India and Brazil 33 d the scripts geer . it is lmed theatre and I was a restless parallel thse in Victrian Britain: rapid Some o the problems o movie 15-year-old, I sat there transxed or change and an expanding ecnm, great wealth 43 cmbined with great versions are solved by the V series eight hours watching the whole thing and perhaps the best place to irst e g 38 . pvert, street children, cntagius diseases and crruptin in the legal sstem. Actually30, there’s much that is Dickensian about44 Slumdog Millionaire (2008). Thrugh cinema Dickens culd nce again aise45 the wrld’s cnscience. The man himsel wuld be
much pruder that legac than that endless costume damas46. ■ related resources Q
odde – material, ingredients hugely – ver, highl 26 was an exclamation mak too a – was ne 24
32
25
t man exclamatin marks (= !) 27 eventually – (alse riend ) in the end 28 the silve sceen – cinema 29 ilm noi – genre ilms characteried b pessimism and dark expressinistic camerawrk 30 actually – (alse riend ) in act 31 to make athe a mess o (make-made-made) – spil, ruin ISSUE 143
thinK in english
nonsensical – incmprehensible, that are nt
39
reasnable
40
to hold sth. togethe (hld-held-held) – give unit t sth. 34 Auntie – (inormal ) the BBC 35 mesmeizing – enthralling, spellbinding, captivating 36 rSC – Ral Shakespeare Cmpan available on DVD, though sadly o the moment without subtitles 38 in one go – in a single sitting, cntinuusl
it’s woth noting – u shuld ntice to etun the compliment to – be equall
beneicial r
33
37
Can you think o a novel that would make a good flm?
to look owad to – anticipate, expect oay – incursin, (in this context ) mvie 43 wealth – prsperit, aluence 44 about – (in this context ) in 45 to aise – ment, stimulate, inspire 46 costume dama – ilm r TV series in which 41 42
the emphasis is n recreating the lk a histrical perid 23
CULTURE |
literature P H o T o B y J & C W A T K I N S
1
unpiing Diens Te Tum Te central act about Dickens rom a psychoanalytical point o view is that his lie o comortable middle-class security collapsed when he was 12. His ather was sent to debtors’ prison4 where the rest o the amily joined him, while Charles was taken out o school and sent to work in a blacking actory 5 (living alone nearby 6). Tere was nothing very strange about a child working at 12 in Georgian Britain and Charles was the only Dickens boy who was not an inant.7 Moreover, the actory had certain guarantees: it wa wed by 8 a relative 9 o Elizabeth Dickens, Charles’s mother. Ater three months John Dickens came into a serendipitous10 inheritance 11 and was able to leave the debtors’ prison 4. However, or some reason Elizabeth Dickens insisted that her son Charles continue in the blacking actory 5 living away rom the amily or several months more. Probably, she j12 wanted the amily’s inances to become stable beore giving up13 Charles’s income. A ew months’ later John insisted that Charles leave the actory, rejoin his amily and return to school. Charles never orgave his mother. He took his
revenge by portraying her as the idiotic snobbish Mrs Nickleby in Nicholas Nickleby . As a resu lt o th is ex per ience, which lasted15 less than a year, Dickens considered himsel eectively an orphan and his novels suggest he was rather16 obsessed with parentless children.17 However, at another level, or Dickens the orphan is the archetypal ‘innocent’ preyed on 18 by reiying 19 adults. Te ateul20 events o 1824 also shaped 21 the other two obsessions o Dickens’s novels. Te rst is Mammonism22 and its power to pervert naturally loving human relations. Te second is the corruption o the judicial system, which he saw as arbitrary and brutal in contrast to ‘natural justice’, which in his novels leads to23 goodness and loyalty beg rewarded 24 , while ev 25 gets its cmeppace 26 .
Chales Dickens cica 1860
to conscientious conservatives as to communists. Dickens campaigned against public executions, child labour, cruelty to animals and slavery 29 . He also demanded universal education and sanitary reorm. In contrast to his Romantic predecessors Dickens eared the sublimity 30 o the mob31 and was a Mn ou Tmes pro-reorm precisely because he eared 27 Dickens’s works still appeal to us revolution. Indeed32, it could be argued because his criticisms o Victorian that the unparalleled inuence o his society are exactly what all o us novels meant that “the most inuen would condem n about 19th -century tial literary moralist and social critic culture. Dickens described himsel as o the 19th Century” was partly respona ‘radical’ and a ‘liberal’ but the truth sible or the mde33 o the modern is his works today appea27 a mc28 world.3
We nt believe in te pemanene i eputatin. 50 yea hn2... u ilen will wond3 wat tei anet ul ave meant by putting M diken at te ea te nvelit te ay. The Saturday Review , 1858 1
13
to give up (give-gave-given) – renunce, waive by contast he epesented his athe as the lovable (though inancially disastous) M Micawbe in David Copperfield and William Doit in Little Dorrit 15 to last – g n r, cntinue r 16 athe – smewhat, reasnabl, quite 17 His ophans include David Coppeield, Little Nell (The Old Curiosity Shop), Nicholas Nickleby, Olive Twist, Pip (Great Expectations) 18 to pey on – explit, victimie, terrrie 19 eiying – wh cnsider peple t be bjects
24
2
to unpick – decnstruct, take apart hence – rm nw, int the uture 3 to wonde – ask nesel 4 debtos’ pison – a prisn r peple with
14
25
20
34
substantial debts (= inancial bligatins) 5 blacking actoy – actr that makes she-plish 6 neaby – clse-b, ( in this context ) near t the actr 7
his sistes Fanny and Letitia wee 13 and 7, while his bothes Fedeick and Aled wee 4 and 2, espectively 8 to be owned by – be the prpert 9 elative – relatin, member ne’s extended
amil
seendipitous – luck, rtuitus, unexpected 11 inheitance – legac, bequest, endwment 12 just – (in this context ) simpl 10
24
(t be used) ateul – decisive, crucial, signiicant 21 to shape – determine, deine 22 Mammonism – avarice, the lve mne 23 to lead to (lead-led-led) – result in
to ewad – receive a recmpense evil (n.) – wickedness, badness, villain, malevlence 26 comeuppance – just deserts, just punishment,
retributin to appeal (to) – be attractive (r) 28 as much – equall 29 slavey – bndage, servitude, ( in this context ) the subjugatin Blacks in the Suthern States the USA 30 sublimity – awesme pwer, terriic strength 31 the mob – the tumult, prletarian vilence 32 indeed – (emphatic ) in act 33 mindset – wa seeing the wrld 27
by a mavellous coincidence Dickens was inducted into the Athenaeum Club in London at exactly the same time as Chales Dawin, the othe achitect o ou moden wold. thinK in english
ISSUE 143
ThE DEvIL INDOORS Dickens’s public persna was hugely35 attractive. Hwever, his character at hme let a lot to be desired36. In the mid-1830s Dickens met the Hgarth
sisters and ell in lve with all three them. Incredibl, he married Catherine
in 1837, wh he apparentl liked least the three. When his siste-in-law 37 Mar Hgarth died suddenl in 1838 she became an image idealized ung womanhood38 in Dickens’s mind. Despite a grwing cldness in
Kate Dickens
the marriage, between 1838 and 1852 lng-suering Catherine bore39 Charles 10 children. In 1858 Dickens met and ell in lve with Ellen Ternan, a 19-earld actress. This, curse, is aily40 standard behaviou41 r a successul man in his mid-40s. Hwever, what is inexcusable is that, in rder t get a divrce, Dickens publicl declared Catherine t be mentally unsound42 and insisted that her children beak o 43 all cntact with her. 44 Meanwhile, he cntinued living with his siste-inlaw37 Gergina, while carring n his aair with Ellen. on 9 th June 1865 Dickens and Ellen were travelling n the Dver-t-Lndn train when the lcmtive jumped the tracks45 at Staplehurst. Several passengers were killed and man badl injured46. Charles and Miss Ternan, hwever, walked awa unscathed47. Cincidentall, Dickens
died applex n the th anniversar the crash, 9 th June 1870. Nt nl was Dickens a bad husband but he was als clearl bsessive-cmpulsive. He lived t a inely-tuned48 rutine and was neurtic abut tidiness49 and punctualit. Accrding t his daughter Mar
(‘Mamie’) he “made a point o visiting50 ever rm in the huse nce
each mrning and i a chair was ut place, r a blind51 nt quite right, r a crumb52 let n the r, woe betide53
the ender!” related resources 2
ISSUE 143
“I a public fgure has good ideas it doesn’t matter i he’s a hypocrite at home”- do you agree? thinK in english
Katey and Mamie Dickens
Ellen Tenan
a get Nvelst?
High Victorians are mawkish 56 in the extreme. Oscar Wilde amously commented on Te Old Curiosity Shop – a curious mix o t he comic, the macabre, the sentimental and the surreal – that “One must have a heart o stone to read the death o Little Nell without laughing!” Moreover, many o Dickens’s novels are ed geer 57 by mpasible58 coincidences. O course, none o that ever bothered the reading public, who will no doubt continue to enjoy ■ Dickens or centuries to come.
Dickens was the world’s best-selling novelist, read by people o all classes and admired by literary giants such as olstoy and Dostoevsky. Few writers have ever created such a string 54 o memorable characters as Miss Havisham, Magwitch, Smike, Squeers, Fagin and Bill Sikes. However, the characters o his early novels at least are more airy-tale 55 caricatures than realistic individuals. Moreover, some o the stories best-loved by the 35 36
hugely – ver, enrmusl to leave a lot to be desied (leave-let-let) –
be ar rm perect 37 siste-in-law – (in this context ) the sister his wie 38 womanhood – emininit 39 to bea (bear-bre-brne) – prduce r 40 aily – reasnabl 41 behaviou – cnduct 42 mentally unsound – cra, mad 43 to beak o (break-brke-brken) – sever, terminate 44
accoding to Claie Tomalin in Charles Dicens: A Life (2011) one o 90 ull-length
biogaphies o Dickens to jump the tacks – cme the rails 46 to be injued – be hurt, cme t harm, suer 45
lesins
unscathed – unharmed, unhurt, uninjured, sae and sund 48 inely-tuned – precise, exact 49 tidiness – rder 50 he made a point o visiting – he intentinall visited 51 blind (n.) – screen in rnt a windw 52 cumb – particle bread r cake 53 woe betide X – X wuld suer the cnsequences 54 sting – series, successin 55 aiy-tale – unrealistic, mthical, anciul 56 mawkish – sentimental 57 to be held togethe – be uniied, be integrated 58 implausible – unlikel, imprbable 47
25
CULTURE |
art
Phiz Th Gat Illustato By CoLMAN KEANE
Pstumus Ppes
Bz n Pz 3
By May 1836 the debonair journalist4 and up-and-coming author Charles Dickens was in a quandary 5. Ater the publication o three monthly numbers, sales or his rst serialised novel Te Posthumous Papers o the Pickwick Club were very disappointing. 6 Added to this, Dickens himsel was under ire 7 rom some quarters 8 ater his original illustrator, Robert Seymour, reusing to pay ecd fdde 9 the author’s brilliant prose, had gone home one evening in April ater a row 10 with the author and had blown his brains out 11. Seymour’s widow laid the blame squarely (and unairly) at the author’s door12. Dickens’s publishers, Chapman and Hall were aghast13 and earing that Te Pickwick Papers might be doomed 14, moved heaven and earth15 in an eort to nd an illustrator that could complement their star author. to be suited to – be apprpriate/apt r G. K. Chesteton, Charles Dicens : A Critical Study, N. Y. : Dodd Me ad, 1913 3 debonai –sphisticated, cultured, gentle-
16
Phiz 17
Tey hit on a sel-efacing , 20-yearold engraver, Hablot Knight Browne, Mr Pickwick. With Phiz’s illustra who not only was an excellent illust ra- tions and the author’s brilliant comic tor but worked with amazing skill 18. prpe pace23 Te Pickwick Papers From the very outset 19 he called took of 24 and the uproarious25 comedy himsel Phiz , a sobriquet20 chosen to was soon on everyone’s lips26. So much chime with 21 Dickens’s nom-de-plume so that sales rose meteorically rom the Boz. He came into Dickens’s lie in the 400 copies printed or the frst monthly ourth number o Te Pickwick Papers part to 40,000 by the end o the book .7 just when Dickens’s newest creation, Dickens was truly delighted with28 his the jaunt y 22 Sam Weller, rst meets new illustrator and elt much more at ease working with Phiz than wit h the bri lliant caricaturist George Cruikshank 29 who was already at the pace30 o his career. Phiz, a truly imaginative artist who was able to act on the spur o the moment 31, exactly flled the situation. 3 His illustrations (particularly the amous court scene) were a hit and within 33 months Londoners were making their way in droves 34 to catch sight o 35 David Coppeeld Phiz’s illustrations o Dickens’s (la-laid-laid) – hld s.. ull respnsible
1
to be aghast – be hrriied 14 to be doomed – be destined t ail 15 to move heaven and eath – make ever
2
13
manl, elegant 4 jounalist – reprter
pssible ert 16 to hit on (hit-hit-hit) – discver 17 sel-eacing – sh, timid, diident 18 skill – abilit, talent 19 om the vey outset – right rm the start 20 sobiquet – nickname, pseudnm 21 to chime with – harmnie with, be cmpatible with 22 jaunty – cheerul, vivacius 23 puple patch – text characteried b rnate language 24 to take o (take-tk-taken) – be ver successul 25 upoaious – hilarius, ritus 26 to be on eveyone’s lips – be the talk the twn
5
to be in a quanday – be perplexed, nt knw
what t d 6
as Michael Slate has noted, sales of t he first number had been disappointing and the print run for the second had been halved 7 to be unde ie – (in this context ) be criticied 8 quates – (in this context ) surces, peple 9 to play second iddle to – be subservient t 10 ow /rau/ – quarrel, disagreement, argument 11 to blow one’s bains out (blw-blew-blwn)
– cmmit suicide with a irearm 12
26
to lay the blame squaely at s.o’s doo
27
Valeie Bowne Leste, Phiz : The Man Who Drew Dicens , Pimlico, London, 2006 28 to be delighted with – be ecstatic/euphric/
elated abut 29
The man who illustated Oliver Twist (1839); his illustation o Olive asking o moe is sublime. 30 pinnacle – peak, high pint, summit, apex,
enith, apgee on the spu o the moment – spntaneusl 32 Edga Bowne, Phiz and Dicens as they appeared to Edgar Browne, James Nisbet & Co Ltd, London, 1913 33 within – (in this context ) ater nl a ew 34 Londones wee making thei way in doves 31
35
/druv/ – multitudes Lndners were cming to catch sight o (catch-caught-caught) – glimpse, see thinK in english
ISSUE 143
They were suited to1 each other as Gilbert and Sullivan. No other illustrator created the true Dickens atmosphere. 2 most recent creations on display 36 in booksellers’ shop windows. 37 Te Boz-Phiz tandem was ready to take the literary world by rm38. Not only was their proessional relationship a success but both young men got on like a house on fre 39 going on excursions, dining out together and playing badminton on a regular basis .7
a Tp t Yse In January 1838 Dickens and Phiz (by now a joint vere 40) set out rom the coachyard in Saracen’s Head41 and made their way up to Greta Bridge in Yorkshire in search o material or Dickens’s next novel Nicholas Nickleby . From there they went to the village o Bowes where they had an interview with a rightul42 , one-eyed scoundrel43 , William Shaw, proprietor and headmaster44 o Bowes Academy. Tis Dickens transormed into Dotheboys Hall45 while Shaw became the prototype o the cruel headmaster Mr Squeers. Te act is, it ain’t 46 a Hall 45 , observed Squeers dryly 47 …
Nevertheless, they were delighted with the copy they had got and on the long coach journey back to London Phiz spent his time sketching while Dickens took notes. Nicholas Nickleby, with its exposure o the Yorkshire schools, which began to appear that very year, was a sensation. So happy was Dickens wit h h is illustrator that in November 1838 he presented him with a gold ring as a e 53 o his esteem or Phiz.5
Uncmmnly Cctestc n Cptl Te Old Curiosity Shop began to appear in Dickens’s next venture 40 , Master Humphrey’s Clock , a weekly publica-
tion. Te illustrations were executed on wood and Phiz55 reached new levels o brilliance in his drawings o the grotesque gure o Quilp and began to display 56 the versatility that would
We call it a Hall up in London, because it sounds better, but they don’t know it by that name in these parts. 48 Shaw smelt a rat 49 and sent the oppish50 Mr Hablot Browne (Dickens in disguise 51) and
headmaste – mst imprtant teacher in a
44
37
schl 45 hall – (in this context ) manr, aristcratic building 46 ain’t – (slang) isn’t 47 dyly – sardnicall
cnquer swh.
40
to get on like a house on ie (get-gt-gt) –
have an excellent relatinship, be great riends ventue – enterprise, prject, undertaking
41
Then a amous teminus situated on Snow Hill nea Holbon St. 42 ightul – dreadul, awul, insuerable 43 scoundel – villain, rgue, raudster
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
n
The Pickwick Papes
36
39
enable him to keep pace with 57 Dickens.58 Ater nishing Te Old Curiosity Shop and in need o another serial or his publication, Dickens began to serialize Barnaby Rudge . Tis novel, set in the late 18th Century, has as its climax the Gordon Riots 59 . Here Browne caught the spirit o the English author and ully embodied the violent excitement o the prose .58 Dickens and Phiz continued to eed o each other’s talent and in 1844 Phiz superbly portrayed the personality o Sarah Gamp (in Martin Chuzzlewit ), one o the author’s most loved characters. Phiz went on to illustrate six urther novels by Dickens. His illustrations or Dombey and Son (in the view o Queenie Leavis a signifcant milestone 60 in his development ), his dark plates 61 or Bleak House , and his wonderul illustration o Mr Micawber in David Copper ield (which Dickens called uncommonly characteristic and capital ), are undoubtedly high points in the work o a great illustrator, inextricably linked to Dickens, who in 1859 decided to retire to the Surrey countryside ar away rom the strains and stresses o demanding ■ authors and publishers. related resources
his ar-rom-well dressed . c o m p a n i o n p a c k i n g 52 on display – exhibited This publicity stunt whetted (= stimulate) the appetite o tens o thousands o eades who would subsequently look owad to the publication o the next issue 38 to take swh. by stom (take-tk-taken) –
Olive Twist by Geoge Cuikshank
48 49
Nicholas Nicleby , p. 140 to smell a at (smell-smelt-smelt) – suspect
that sth. is nt right oppish – dandiied, dandish 51 in disguise – in a camulaging clthing 52 to send s.o. packing (send-sent-sent) – eject/ expel s.. 53 token – demnstratin, expressin, smbl 50
Only children’s literature should be illustrated: discuss.
54
he became Dickens’s pincipal illustato, illustating 10 o the autho’s novels 55 who dopped his sobiquet20 and signed his illustations H. K. B. 56 to display – shw, exhibit, demnstrate 57 to keep pace with s.o. (keep-kept-kept) –
maintain s.’s standard
58
Jane rabb Coh en, Dicens and His Principal Illustrators. Columbus: Ohio State Univesity, 1980 59 iot /'raiət/ – cmmtin, tumult, public
disturbance milestone – (in this context ) imprtant event 61 plate – (in this context ) engraving, illustratin 60
27
LANGUAGE |
Functional english
Terms of
Endearment Dar Wrds ‘Terms endearment’ are wrds and
expressins we use t express ur aectin. ‘Endearment’ cmes rm the verb 1
‘t endear ’, which cmes rm the adjec-
cmicall quaint5). ‘Dear’ is a hmphne ‘dee6’. Mrever, in sme varieties
English ‘dear’ means ‘expensive’, ‘cstl’: e.g. That restaurant’s very dear and the portions are pathetic .
tive ‘dear’. ‘Dear’ is a cmplicated wrd. It has lst a lt its aectin because
‘Daling’ is a diminutive ‘dear’. It’s the
we use it in letters (i.e. ‘Dear sir’) t reer
srt wrd a passinate Victrian might PHoTo By ALMUDENA CáCERES t bank managers and thers we ma use t reer t his r her beloved7. be less than devted t. 2 As a term The ther diminutive ‘dear’ – ‘deary’ (r when the speaker is a stranger13, such as endearment ‘dear’ is the sot3 wrd ‘deaie’) – is again the sot 3 wrd an a shopkeepe14. A man calling anther an ld lad might use t reer t her ld lad might use t reer t a unger man he desn’t knw as ‘lve’ wuld husband r smene much unger; persn: be ver unusual (unless the were Brit4 let’s sa it’s rather passinless. ‘My dear’ e.g. [in a shp] Here you are and there’s ish actrs). In British English ‘a luvvie’ sunds terribl pmpus unless it is said your change, deary. Cheerio 8. /'lʌ vi/ is an actr. The term cmes rm the steretpe an actr behaving15 in a rustic accent (in which case it sunds Th e superlative ‘(m) dearest’ like in a ver aectinate but insincere wa, PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI ‘(m) darling’, smacks o 9 passinate calling everne ‘lve’ r ‘lve’.
Victrians.10 ‘My love’ sunds athe4 ld-ashined and ‘my lovely ’ mre s.
Be careul with the nun ‘dearth’ /d3:rθ/. It is etmlgicall related t ‘dear’ – but in the expensive sense. It means ‘ scarcity11’: Mal Bdg 16 e.g. Because o the blocade 12 there was a ❯❯ blad: a term camaraderie between ung peple derived rm the Aridearth o resh vegetables in the region. can-American term address ‘bld’,
L ‘ Love’ – ten spelt ‘luv’ – is quite a cmmn aectinate term. A wman r a girl might be addressed as ‘lve’
itsel a shrtening ‘bld brther’. ❯❯
between ung British peple West Indian rigin. The term is a crrup-
b a man r a wman and a man culd be addressed b a wman as lve, even 1
9
lved
10
Howeve, notice that, as email and SMS have eplaced lettes, ‘Dea Si’ has become less and less used. 3 sot – tpe, kind 4 athe – (in this context )
Here you are and there’s your change, deary. Cheerio 8.
28
tin ‘brethren’ (an archaic plural ‘brther’).
to endea /in'diər/ – cause s../sth. t be liked/
2
reasnabl, quite, smewhat 5 quaint – attractivel ldashined 6 dee – 7 beloved /b ə'lʌvid/ (n.) – dear ne, darling 8 cheeio – (old-ashioned ) gdbe
beden: a term camaraderie
to smack o – suggest, have ovetones20 in The 100 Words that Mae the English (2009) Tony Thone suggests that ‘daling’ and ‘deaest’ ae so old-ashioned that they sound menacingly siniste! 11 scacity – shrtage, insuicient suppl, inad-
equate prvisin blockade – siege, embarg 13 stange – (alse riend ) s.. wh is nt knwn 14 shopkeepe (UK English) – shp manager, strekeeper (US English) 15 to behave – act 16 male bonding – camaraderie 12
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
❯❯
boyo: Welsh term camaraderie
(based n ‘b’). ❯❯
bo: a term camaraderie ppular
in the USA.
❯❯ babe: a shrtened rm ‘bab’ [see
bud: a shrt rm ‘budd’ [see next ]. ❯❯ buddy: cmes rm babies’ attempts17 ❯❯
t sa ‘brther’. ❯❯
Other Terms of Endearment next ]. ❯❯ baby: a ptentiall ensive term endearment used b a man t a
chum: an ld-ashined term meaning riend kept alive b a band18
ung wman. It is the srt term
dg d.
time listening t ’60s music – “Cme n, bab, light m re” – than interacting with wmen might use.
that smene wh has spent mre
❯❯ mate: a cnusing term because ‘mate’
means sexual partner when we are talking abut animals. Hwever, when
used between men there is n sexual 19
undertone and it is a standard British term camaraderie. ‘Mate’ is especiall ppular as a term camaraderie in Australia where suppsedl it trans-
baby-doll: a ptentiall ensive
❯❯
term that manages t inantilie and bjecti a wman in one beath21! ❯❯ cupcake: a term endearment that can be used in all situatins except
mits the ideas “equalit, slidarit, classlessness and machism”! ❯❯ ❯❯
matey: a term camaraderie ppular
when a man is addressing a man r
especiall used t address a small
when addressing smene wh is
child.
lder.
❯❯ princess: term endearment used t
amngst ung Britns.
hon /h ʌ n/: diminutive rm ‘hne’. ‘Hn’ is a hmphne
pal: a term riginall rm Rman
‘Hun22’.
(= brther), meaning riend. ‘Pal’ is nl used t address men. Hwever, ntice
that ‘gal pal’ means a girlriend in the sense a riend wh is a girl, withut rmantic r sexual ovetones20.
❯❯
e.g. Attila, hon, could you lay the table23 , please? ❯❯ honey: a ver cmmn term endearment, thugh nt used b
men twards men r bs. n ‘hne-bunny ’. 24
❯❯
❯❯
Male bonding
w
attempt – ert, endeavur 18 band – cmmercial name, trademark 19 undetone – cnntatin 20 ovetone – cnntatin, secndar meaning 21 in one beath – simultaneusl 22 Hun – (historical ) member a tribe, led b
Attila, that devastated the late Rman Empire 23 to lay the table (la-laid-laid) – put eating utensils n the dinner table 24 bunny – (inormal ) rabbit (e.g. Bugs Bunn) 25 common – (in this context ) unsphisticated ISSUE 143
thinK in english
unger. ❯❯ sonny: diminutive ‘sn’ ❯❯ sugar: aectinate term r smene
wh is “as sweet as sugar”. ❯❯
with the persn u are addressing:
laddie: an aectinate term used in Sctland b an lder persn t address a ung man r a b. The
ing through those magazines or hal an hour. Either buy one or leave, please. ❯❯ sweetheat: a term endearment
in the mvies. ❯❯ pet: an aectinate wa addressing a wman r a child, especiall in
between lvers. It can als be used b wmen addressing children. ❯❯
❯❯
sweet pea: an aectinate term used when talking t a small child.
the nrth England. This term is nt
It is currentl ver ppular amngst
cnsidered ensive.
British parents, prbabl because
the assnance. Literall, the term
ing a wman.
reers t Lathyrus odoratus, a legumi-
poppet: British English crruptin
nus plant.
puppet, used b wmen t address small children. ❯❯
sweetie: an aectinate term used
when talking t a small child. ❯❯ sweetness : anther term endearment between lvers.
❯❯ petal: an aectinate wa address-
❯❯
sunshine: a term endearment, hwever, it can express annance
e.g. Come on, sunshine, you’ve been look-
girl). Lassie was als a dg n TV and
17
son: cndescending term used b a man t reer t a teenage b r
b bth men and wmen.
lassie: an aectinate term used in Sctland b an lder persn t address a ung wman r a girl. The term is a diminutive ‘lass’ (=
related resources
Foreign terms o endearment sound more romantic to native English speaker s than thei r own terms. Do you agree?
❯❯
gogeous: a term that expresses phsical attractin. It can be used
term is a diminutive ‘lad’ (= b). ❯❯
address a girl r ung wman. This term ma seem a little common25 t sme peple.
honey-bun: a rm ‘hne’ based
❯❯
y U P L U A R y B o T o H P
Well, hello there, precious!
pecious : aectinate term,
❯❯
teasue : an ld-ashined term endearment, used especiall when
addressing a child.
■
29
P H o T o B y S A R A L . C A R R E S I
LANGUAGE |
common mistaKes
Beware of
Deective
VerBs Defective verbs are ones that ac1 the full set of forms that you expect a verb to have.
2
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
She used to wok in a cicus.
Bwar An extreme example a deective verb is ‘beware’:
“cannt”/“can’t” and “culdn’t”). T express ‘can-culd’ in ther tenses we
have t revert t ‘be able t’. ‘Beware’ is a verb that is nl used in the
imperative. It has n inected rms, n
❯❯
past and n uture. It means ‘be war ()’,
‘be n the alert r’. It can be used with sme mdal verbs but nl when these have a quasi-imperative meaning: e.g. Beware! This house is haunted 3. e.g. Beware o the dog [a standard sign] e.g. I warned him to beware o the dog . e.g. You must beware o picpocets 4 on the bus.
impl past habits: e.g. When I was a child I would get up at 5 every morning. ❯❯ shall: nowadays 8 ‘shall’ is nl used r
ers and suggestins. As a result, the negative rm – “shan’t” – has becme
5
e.g. You had better beware or someone might mug6 you.
would: has nl ne rm (thugh it can be cmbined with ‘nt’: “wuldn’t”). ‘Wuld’ is used t rm the cnditinal tense and it can als
bslete: e.g. Shall we open that bottle o wine?
Mdal vrbs The mst bvius grup deec tive verbs are the mdal auxiliaries. These verbs d nt have innitives r partici-
ples. As a result, the are nt used in the cntinuus r the perect tenses. ❯❯
to lack – nt have they don’t conjugate ully 3 to be haunted – be
advice 9 and mild10 bligatin:
e.g. You should apologize to her . ❯❯
we have t evet to ‘have t’:
be cmbined with ‘nt’. ‘Ma’ is used t express permissin and pssibilit: e.g. May 11 I smoke? e.g. He may arrive late tonight .
can-could: each has nl ne rm
(thugh bth can cmbine with ‘nt’:
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
had bette – shuld, must to mug – intimidate and rb 7 to evet to – (in this context ) use 8 nowadays – these das 9 advice – recmmendatins
1
5
10
2
6
11
4
requented b ghsts pickpocket –
30
should: has nl ne rm (thugh it can be cmbined with ‘nt’: “shuldn’t”). ‘Shuld’ expresses
must: t express ‘must’ in ther tenses 7
❯❯
❯❯
may: has nl ne rm and cannt
mild – weak though “Can I...?” o “Could I...?” ae moe equent
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
❯❯ might: has nl ne rm (thugh it can
be cmbined with ‘nt’: “mightn’t”). Nowadays8 ‘ma’ and ‘might’ are mre
r less interchangeable: e.g. He might arrive late tonight . e.g. Don’t panic! – it mightn’t 12 (= ma nt) be true. It may just be a rumour . ‘Will’ is an imprtant mdal verb. As such it has nl tw rms ‘will’ and “wn’t”
/wunt/. It is used t express the uture tense,
especiall t express predictin. e.g. I think it will rain tomorrow . It als expresses willingness13: e.g. A: Will anybody help me? B: I will . “Wn’t” can express eusal14: e.g. The car won’t start and Ian won’t repair it . Hwever, ‘will’ is nt a deective verb
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
Sm-Mdal vrbs ❯❯ ought to: means mre r less the same
as ‘shuld’ (obligation) and has nl ne rm (thugh it can cmbine with
because it des cnjugate ull: e.g. You have to do it because she wills15 it . 16
e.g. We were willing our horse to win but telepathy wasn’t enough that day at the races.
‘nt’: “ughtn’t”): e.g. You oughtn’t to go out alone so late at night . ❯❯
PHoTo By MARIo HERRERA
used to: implies past habits and states. It has nl ne rm and in ther tenses we have t evet to 7
The wate must be vey cold.
the are nt reall deective because ‘t rain’ at least can be used metaphricall with ther subjects: e.g. Janette really rained on his parade 18, didn’t she? e.g. Bombs were raining down on the city .
ArchAic Additions Tw mre deective verbs are ten
added t the list. Hwever, neither is cmmn in everda English:
the adverb ‘usuall’:
The irst is ‘quoth’ (= said). It is
e.g. I used to eat meat but I don’t any more .
nl und in the past tense and used
Ntice that while ‘dae17 ’ and ‘need’ are
almst alwas acetiously19. Nrmall the subject is placed ater ‘quth’ (e.g.
‘quth she’, ‘quth Brian’).
cunted as semi-mdal verbs because the can be used like mdal verbs (e.g. You needn’t come. Dare I say it ?) the are nt deective verbs because the have
e.g. “Come up to my laboratory and I’ll show you my instruments”, quoth he.
The ther archaic deective verb is ‘to wit ’ which nl exists in the innitive. It is a xed expressin and des nt need t be cnsidered as a verb. It means ‘namely20’:
the ull set verbal rms: e.g. Don’t you dare speak to me like that !
imprsal vrbs Sme verbs are deective nt because the lack 1 tenses but because the can nl be expressed in ne persn. The bvius examples are the verbs precipitatin: ‘t rain’ and ‘t snw’. In
It’s snowing. 12
a
Is it useul to group these verbs in this way?
Hwever, there is a strng argument that 15
dispsitin 14 eusal – nn-acceptance
17
thinK in english
related resources
their primar senses these verbs cannt be used with an ther subject than ‘it’.
though “might not” o “may not” ae much moe equent 13 willingness – readiness, preparedness,
ISSUE 143
e.g. It happened around the time o the winter solstice, to wit on 21st ■ December .
16
to will sth. – want sth. t ccur to will sth. – want sth. s desperatel that u
18
tr t inluence it telepathicall
is suppsed t be clever and unn but is in act sill and irritating 20 namely – i.e. ( id est ), that is
to dae – be brave enugh t, have enugh
curage t
19
to ain on s.o’s paade – ruin s.’s plans acetiously – lippantl, jkingl, in a wa that
31
LANGUAGE |
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal vrbs ad eph Mst discussin phrasal verbs cuses n the meaning the base verb r the
alliteratin but it als implies ideas being kncked back and rth between peple
particle. Smetime writers ma even suggest hw the cmbinatin the
like a hcke ball.15
base verb and the particle(s) leads ‘lgicall’ to1 the meaning the phrasal verb. In this article we are ging t avoid2 meaning as an explanatin the rm
phrasal verbs and lk at an inerredsemantic actr: sund. Believe it r nt there are arund 284 phrasal verbs that display3 sme srt phnic repetitin: alliteo-assonance 4: abide by5 alliteation 6: withe away7 assonance8: suck up9 hyme10: scout out11 paahyme12: blut out13 on the ne hand, it is true that mst these phrasal verbs are a elicitus cmbinatin sund and meaning. Fo instance14, ‘t band abut’ ers
e.g. She called the brainstorming session to bandy some ideas about to see i they could come up with16 a slogan or the new product .
Sd Br Mag T imprbabl grs The meaning cmpnent parts Sd these 10 phrasal verbs wn’t help u t on the ther hand, it shuld be pinted understand what the mean. The exist ut that the repetitin sunds rm primaril because the gure sund the base verb in the particles phrasal each cntains: verbs is n simple cincidence. The 11
mst imprtant particles used in English phrasal verbs – about, ( a)ound, away, back , down,
in, o , on, out, ove, up – er cmparativel ew sunds t repeat. over hal cannt alliterate
because the begin with a vwel sund. Nne these 11 particles can assnate with the man mnsllabic verbs whse
A R é B L A D E R R E I P N A E J y B o T o H P
vwel sund is /i:/ (e.g. keep, reach), /e/ (set, get, let, rest), / 3:/ (e.g. turn, serve) r /u/ (e.g. lk, push, put).17 obviusl, there is nt enugh oom18 here t list and dene nealy19 300 verbs, s I’m ging t cncentrate
n tw grups. First, thse verbs whse
Bow down to lead to (lead-led-led) – result in to avoid – (in this context ) ignre, nt examine 3 to display – exhibit 4 alliteo-assonance – the repetitin the 1 2
cnsnant and vwel sunds at the beginning a stressed sllable 5 abide by – cmpl with, cnrm t, adhere t, act in accrdance with, accept, respect 6 alliteation – the repetitin the cnsnant sund at the beginning a stressed sllable 7 to withe away – becme emaciated, shrivel, atrph 8 assonance – the repetitin the vwel sund in the stressed sllable 9 to suck up – absrb using suctin; act in a 32
The aoma o samosas conjues up memoies o my time in India.
rm I believe can be primaril explained in terms euphony20. Secndl, thse phrasal verbs whse gures sund help
u t prnunce them crrectl.
❯❯
bush up21 [assonance]
e.g. You need to brush up on your English beore you go to Detroit . ❯❯ chip in22 [assonance] e.g. Feel ree to chip in i you have something to say . ❯❯ cotton on23 [assonance] e.g. The dog cottoned on very quickly . ❯❯ cop up24 [ pararhyme] e.g. That expression cropped up earlier in the text . ❯❯ dawn on25 [ pararhyme] e.g. It nally dawned on him that she was the same woman he’d seen on the train. ❯❯ dop o 26 [assonance] e.g. You dropped o in the middle o the lm again. ❯❯ down out27 [assonance] e.g. His words were drowned out by the shouting.
subservient wa hyme – the repetitin the cnsnant and vwel sunds at the end a stressed sllable 11 to scout out – explre, recnnitre 12 paahyme – the repetitin the cnsnant sund at the end a stressed sllable 13 to blut out – sa withut thinking, reveal 14 o instance – r example
18
15
that what is elevant in tems o sound is the -o- in the stessed syllable (cot-) not the unstessed syllable (-ton) 24 to cop up – appear, pp up 25 to dawn on s.o. – enter s.’s cnsciusness 26 to dop o – all asleep (usually not in bed ) 27 to down sth. out – make sth. inaudible
10
‘bandy’ was a pimitive type o hockey; ‘about’ oten has the idea o moving aound in the same place. 16 to come up with (cme-came-cme) – invent,
think up 17
because none o the 11 paticles contain the vowel sounds /i:/, /e/, /3:/ o /u/.
oom – space nealy – almst, just under 20 euphony – sunding harmnius and 19
‘crrect’ to bush up – revise, read up, reresh ne’s memr 22 to chip in – interject, cntribute an idea 23 to cotton on – begin t understand. Notice 21
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ISSUE 143
swan o 39 e.g. I can’t work with you i you are going to ❯❯
swan o without telling me . ❯❯
toughen up40
e.g. The idea o the boot camp 41 is to toughen up the recruits 42 beore they are placed in harm’s way 43. ❯❯
wae on44
e.g. When he starts waing on about his amily I stop listening. ❯❯
PHoTo By BELéN GUTIéRREz
e.g. Don’t wander o otherwise mummy will make you hold her hand and you know you don’t like that .
PHoTo By DoD ❯❯
knock back 28 [ pararhyme]
e.g. She’d knocked back three whiskies beore I’d nished my rst drink . ❯❯ pop up29 [ pararhyme] e.g. His name keeps popping up. ❯❯ thumb though30 [alliteration ] e.g. He thumbed through the magazine but didn’t really read it .
e.g. I was bowled over by their generosity . beak away33 e.g. The Southern States tried to break away ❯❯
in the 1860s . ❯❯
conjue up34
e.g. The aroma o samosas conjures up memories o my time in India . ❯❯
cove up35
Knwing that these phrasal verbs er assnance shuld help u t prnunce
e.g. The Government tried to cover up the scandal . ❯❯ cowd (a)ound36 e.g. They crowded round the platorm .
them crrectl:
❯❯
Hlpl Assa
❯❯
bow down
28
29 30
bowl ove32
Knwing that these phrasal verbs er pararhme shuld help u t prnunce
them crrectl: laugh o 46 e.g. He managed to laugh of her remark 47 ❯❯
but I know it really hurt his pride. ❯❯
❯❯
related resources
lounge about38 P
e.g. Stop lounging about and go and look or a job. 34
42
inish
35
43
to pop up – appear to thumb though – lk thrugh, peruse, to bow down – incline ne’s bd/head,
genulect, kwtw 32 to bowl ove – knck dwn; surprise 33 to beak away (break-brke-brken) – becme independent
to conjue up – evke, bring t mind to cove sth. up – hide sth., keep sth. secret 36 to cowd (a)ound – cngregate arund 37 to double up – unctin, have a dual purpse 38 to lounge aound – lae abut, relax 39 to swan o – leave in an irrespnsible wa,
wander 40
to toughen up – harden, make s.. mre
resilient 41
slough o 48
e.g. These snakes slough o their old skin several times beore reaching49 their mature size. ■
to knock back – swallw, gulp dwn, drink,
lea thrugh 31
double up37
Hlpl Pararhm
e.g. The kitchen doubles up as a dining room.
31
e.g. You must bow down when you meet the Queen. ❯❯
wande o 45
boot camp – militar training camp
tk 13
ecuit – new sldier in ham’s way – in danger 44 to wale on – babble, talk incessantl 45 to wande o – get lst, walk awa 46 to laugh o – make light , pa n attentin
t, pla dwn emak – cmment 48 slough /slʌ/ o – (o serpents) lse, cast (skin) 49 to each – get t, arrive at 47
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ISSUE 143
thinK in english
Relevant videos, articles, images and a chat group on the topics in the magazine. 33
LANGUAGE |
idioms
Bsss idms illsrad 1:
money & success Money
❯❯
e.g. Come on, people! This truck 6 should have been loaded 7 an hour ago. Time is money .
money-laundeing
‘T launder’ means t wash clthes – either b hand r in a washing machine (as here). The verb is related t ‘ laundrette’1. The idea here is that ill-gotten gains2 are ‘dirt’ and s b laundering them the becme ‘clean’, i.e. apparentl legal. o
❯❯
to balance the books
= make sure that n mre mne is spent than is earned. Technicall, accounting books17 must balance in that expenditue 18
plus debt must equal income19: e.g. Do you think we’ll be able to balance the books this year ?
curse, the prcess means that the sum is reduced, that’s wh the dllar sign is smaller in the last picture. Smebd wh
❯❯
launders mne is a mne-launderer: e.g. Money-laundering is on the increase in that part o the world . e.g. The drugs cartels launder their revenue 3 through a series o apparently legal small businesses like restaurants, dry cleaners’ and language schools. ❯❯
time is money
= time is valuable, s ne shuld d things as quickl and as eicientl as pssible. T he c ncept is ancient: in the 5th Centur BCE 4 th e Athenian ratr Antiphn is recrded as saing “The mst
(to do business) unde the table [d-did-dne]
= d business in a dishnest r unethical wa. The allusin is t pker. I u hold8 ur hand9 under the table u can cheat10 b substituting better cards11: e.g. They oered the senator money under the table i he would change his vote .
chicken eed [uncountable] = an insignicant sum mne. US armers12 und that the culd ensure13 that there was meat and eggs thoughout14 ❯❯
15
the lng winter b eeding grain that was t pr r human cnsumptin
drat 16 o $1000 but that’s chicken eed compared to what we need .
the expressin dates rm a speech b
Benjamin Franklin made in 1748. laundette (UK English) – laundrmat (US English), shp where peple take their dirt
clthes and clean them using rented washing machines 2 ill-gotten gains – mne that has been illegall btained 3 evenue – earnings, incme 4 BCE – Bere Cmmn Era, bere Christ 5 outlay – expenditure, expenses, spending 6 tuck – lrr (UK English), cmmercial vehicle r transprting merchandise 34
❯❯ to be riding (on the crest20 o ) a wave
= t be at a ver successul pint, enj a perid gd rtune. Presumabl,
surers preer the shrter versin since21
t chickens. Frm this idea came the use it is mre accurate22. Hwever, the inclu ‘chicken eed’ t dente smething sin ‘the crest’ des add the idea that inerir value, such as small cins: ne’s gd rtune is precarius and nt e.g. The bank has oered us an over- permanent:
cstl outlay5 is time”. The mdern rm
1
SucceSS
7 8
9
e.g. The band is riding the crest o the wave at the moment. They’ve never had this type o success beore .
to load – ill up, pack, prepare to hold (hld-held-held) – (in this context ) have,
15
keep
16
hand – (in this context )
grup ive cards11 to cheat – inringe the rules the game 11 (playing) cads – 12 ame – agriculturalist 13 to ensue – guarantee 14 thoughout – during all 10
to eed gain to chickens (eed-ed-ed) –
give chickens grain as d ovedat – line credit 17 accounting book – bk in which expenditure and earnings are written dwn sstematicall 18 expenditue – spending, expenses, utla 19 income – earnings, revenue 20 cest – summit, peak, highest part, tp 21 since – (in this context ) given that 22 accuate – precise, exact thinK in english
ISSUE 143
❯❯
miss the taget/mak
= ail t achieve23 ne’s gal. Althugh ‘target’ is less ambiguus, ‘mark’ alliterates
❯❯
to oll out the ed capet
You should go with the fow
= treat s.. like a VIP.
= d what thers are ding r agree
e.g. In Britain he’s nobody special but when he visited Houston they really rolled out the red carpet or him .
with ther peple because it’s the easiest thing t d:
with ‘miss’: e.g. The department missed its targets yet again24 this quarter 25. e.g. The advertising campaign missed the
e.g. Why don’t you just 32 relax and go with the fow or once33? ❯❯
to come up against a bick wall
[cme-came-cme] = encunter an insurmountable34 prb-
lem that impedes ne’s prgress:
mark and ailed to generate a signicant increase in sales .
e.g. We’ve come up against a brick wall. We can’t get planning permission 35 or the extension to our Birmingham actory . ■
to miss the point = misunderstand. This allusin is basicall ❯❯
the same but cmes rm shting rearms at a target: e.g. All that’s true but you’re missing the point. We can’t take advantage o this opportunity unless we obtain more capital rom somewhere.
❯❯
A related expressin is ❯❯
to get the ed-capet teatment
[get-gt-gt] = be treated like a VIP. Bth expressins cme rm the traditin laying29 a red
❯❯
=
to hit the bull 26’s eye [hit-hit-hit] be
carpet r a ral visit: e.g. They gave the visiting ambassador the ull red-carpet treatment .
precisel
crrect. Apparentl, the black circle in
the centre a target is 27
It isn’t entirel clear what this drawing 28
oughly the same size as a bull’s ee. Ntice that
reers t. There are three ptins:
we d nt call a small rund windw n a ship a “bull’s
related resources
ee”; it’s called ‘a prthle’.
X
❯❯
Pairwork: use each o the idioms once to tell your partner about your experience at work.
to paddle one’s own canoe
= be independent and sel-sufcient e.g. Ater the death o his parents he had to learn to paddle his own canoe. ❯❯ to go against the fow 30
[g-went-gne] = be a maverick 31; sa r d the ppsite what mst peple are saing r ding: e.g. Bernie loves to go against the fow. It makes him eel he’s a ree-thinking individual . to achieve – accmplish, attain, get yet again – (emphatic ) again 25 this quate – during this 23 24
three-mnth perid bull – 27 oughly – apprximatel, mre r less 28 size – dimensins 29 to lay sth. (la-laid-laid) – put 26
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
sth. dwn, depl sth. low – current, descending mvement water 31 maveick – individualist, nncnrmist 32 just – (in this context ) simpl 33 o once – r a change 34 insumountable – insuperable, verwhelming, hpeless 35 planning pemission – authriatin t build 30
35
LANGUAGE |
us . uK
Swallwg idms Whl British and American English are cnverging. The British resist Americanisms less nw than at an time since The Declaratin Independence (1776). Meanwhile, British English is having an unprecedented impact n US English. The reasn is, curse,
the Briish Swallowing uS idms There are at least a dzen US expres-
sins that British English has swallowed whole10: ❯❯ Britns have ‘cupboards’ nt ‘closets’.
Even s, ga peple in Britain ‘come out o the closet ’11, just like12 their US cusins. In act, “ to have a skeleton in one’s closet ”13 is gaining ground14 n “t have a skeletn in ne’s cupbard”
that speakers the tw varieties are cmmunicating with each ther mre than ever bere thanks t the new
technlgies. Even withut the Internet, travel, mvies and televisin have been expsing Britns and Americans
road hog!
hear the alliterative15 US term ‘a gasguzzle’16 in Britain.
in Britain, t. ❯❯
t the thers’ variet mre and mre.
British peple put ‘petol’ in their cars, never ‘gas’. Hwever, u ten
one result is that the list terms that cause real cnusin is getting shrter and shrter.1 Frmall there are still arund a thusand cncepts that are expressed dierentl n the tw sides the Nrth Atlantic. In act, it’s mre a questin active 2 and passive vocabulay3. Hwever,
❯❯
In Britain prk and bacn cme rm ‘pigs’, nt ‘hogs’. Despite this act, we talk abut ‘a oad hog’17.
❯❯
A rhming American expressin we have adpted is “ to have ants18 in one’s pants”19. Hwever, the expres-
sin in the UK is much mre unpleasant since20 whereas the US idim suggests that the insects have invaded ne’s trousers21, in Britain we imagine
even this distinctin is erding. This is
them in the persn’s undewea 22.
because there are terms in the ther variet that we wuld never use as such but which we uncnsciusl use when the are embedded4 in an idim. Fr example, as a Britn I
❯❯ Plice fcers are called man things in
Britain – including ‘coppers’. Hwever, we never reer t the Old Bill 23 as ‘cops’, a term that implies American law-enoces24 . Despite this, the need t rhme has lued25 us int coining26 the term ‘a cp shp’ t reer
wuld never reer t ‘ a biscuit5’ as ‘a cookie’. Hwever, I’m perec tl happ saing “That’s the way the cookie crumbles6”. Wh? Well, or one thing7 when we use idims we dn’t nrmall anale them r their literal meaning. Fr anther, the alliteration 8 between
‘ckie’ and ‘crumbles’ is euphonic 9. in Think 144 we will look at some eal examples o conusion. 2 active vocabulay – wrds and expressins 1
ne uses in speech and writing 3
passive vocabulay – wrds and expressins
ne understands when reading and listening but des nt use 4 to embed – implant, insert, place, immerse 5 biscuit (UK English) – ckie (US English) 36
He has a skeleton in his closet!
6
that’s the way the cookie cumbles – that’s
what the situatin is, that’s exactl what ne wuld expect t ccur 7 o one thing – t start with, t begin with 8 alliteation – repetitin the cnsnant sund at the beginning stressed sllables 9 euphonic – pleasing t the ear, that sunds nice 10 to swallow whole – devur withut chewing (= masticating), (in this context ) adpt withut making an changes 11 to come out o the closet (cme-came-cme) – publicl accept ne’s hmsexualit 12 just like – exactl the same as 13 to have a skeleton in the closet (have-hadhad) – have an embarrassing secret that u dn’t want t be revealed 14 gound – (literally ) terrain 15 alliteative – that exhibits alliteratin 8 16 gas-guzzle – vehicle that uses gasline ver
t a plice statin. ineicientl oad hog – s.. wh drives as i the public highwa was his (r her) private rad, s.. wh drives badl and egtisticall 18 ant – 17
19
to have ants in one’s pants
(have-had-had) – be nervus 20 since – (in this context ) given that 21 touses (UK English) – pants (US English) 22 undewea – pants (UK English), underpants 23 the Old Bill – (UK English) the plice 24 law-enoces – plice icers 25 to lue – tempt 26 to coin – invent (a wrd r phrase) thinK in english
ISSUE 143
❯❯
In the UK ‘dumb’ means ‘mute’27, Nevertheless, we have been quite happ t adpt the phrase verb ‘t dumb down’28 (because the
Finall, ‘t bathe’ means ‘t take a bath’ in the USA, nt ‘t swim in the sea’ (UK English). Nnetheless, Americans will still reer t ‘a bathing suit’ even thugh ver ew them wear
alliteratin).
ne in the bathtub 42.
❯❯
nt ‘stupid’ as it des in the States.
❯❯
An Englishman will never call his back garden a ‘back yad’. But we are happ t use the US acrnm ‘Nimby’29, even thugh it stands
tw-Wa traf: M The British dn’t use the dllar. This hasn’t stpped us adpting the
o30 ‘Nt in m back ard’. ❯❯ one the rst things a British EFL31 teacher will tell u is that ‘gtten’ is American. I and when that happens
expressin ‘you can bet ur bottom dolla’43; presumabl the temptatin consonance 44 and assonance45 was
just46 t great.
ask said32 teacher wh he r she is happ t use the expressin ‘ ill-
B cntrast in the USA there are
nl dllars and cents... except in the wrld idims. Americans will talk ‘tuning an honest penny’47 and sa
gotten gains’ . ❯❯ In the UK we talk abut a rucksack 34, 33
that smething ‘cost a pretty penny’48 (because their paahyme 49 and alliteation 8, respectivel).
nt a backpack (US English). S,
what d the British call peple wh carr rucksacks? ‘ Backpackes ’35 curse! The terms ‘rucksacker’ and
‘knapsacker’ dn’t exist.
uK trms h uSA
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
Backpackes
tw-Wa traf: Shps yu shuld be awae o 50 the dicht-
The trafc in invasive idims is nt all newa, thugh. Americans als happil use
Americans never adpted the (nw dated36) British term ‘the ficks’ t reer t the mvies. Hwever, the
m between US ‘store’ and UK ‘shop’. S, or instance51, we Brits wuld alwas
British wrds in expressins.
will talk abut ‘a chick fick ’ , simpl
stre’. Even s, presumabl because
because it rhmes. As u knw mtin pictures in the US are called
the alliteratin, we use the simile, “like a
‘movies’... except in the alliteative 8 expressin ‘a eatue lm’38.
the term ‘a cnvenience stre’ t reer t
y A M M I T E H T N o y A N X I y B o T o H P
❯❯
37
❯❯
‘tap-water’. ❯❯
28
mute – nt able t speak to dumb down – present inrmatin in the
simplest wa pssible s that everne can understand it and nbd has t make an ert t think 29 nimby – hpcrite wh supprts the cnstructin an unppular acilit (e.g. a nuclear pwer statin) except when it will aect where s/he lives 30 to stand o (stand-std-std) – represent 31 EFL – English as a reign language 32 said – (in this context ) the, this 33 ill-gotten gains – mne that has been earned dishnestl 34 ucksack – 35 backpackes – ISSUE 143
thinK in english
36 37
dated – ld-ashined chick lick – mvie speciicall r wmen (i.e.
a rmantic ilm) eatue ilm – mvie that lasts 90+ minutes 39 aucet (US English) – tap (UK English) 40 gob – (UK slang) muth 41 gobstoppe – ver hard big spherical sweet, jawbreaker (US English alternative) 42 bathtub – 38
43
kid in a candy store”52. We als adpted a shp that is pen late. Meanwhile, it ma cme as sme surprise that sme-
bd wh steals rm a stre in the USA is called ‘a shpliter’ (as in Britain). ■
British slang ers u the wrd
‘gob’40. Americans never reer t their muths in this wa. Hwever, the d use the term ‘a gobstoppe ’41 t reer t a specic sweet – I mean cand.
Jawbeake s/gobstop pes 27
Ask an American what cmes ut a aucet39 and the will answer
talk abut ‘a sweet shp’, never ‘a cand
you can bet one’s bottom dolla (bet-bet-bet) –
u can be abslutel certain 44 (ull ) consonance – the repetitin the cnsnants at the
related resources l
What was the last thing you bought that cost a pretty penny?
beginning and end the stressed sllables (here ‘bet’ – ‘bttm’) 45 assonance – repetitin the vwel sund at the beginning stressed sllables (here ‘bottm’ – ‘dollar’) 46 just – (in this context ) simpl 47 to tun an honest penny – earn a living in an hnest and hnurable wa 48 to cost a petty penny (cst-cst-cst) – be ver expensive 49 paahyme – repetitin the cnsnant sund at the end stressed sllables (here ‘hnest’ – ‘pe nn’) 50 to be awae o – be cnscius 51 o instance – r example 52 like a kid in a candy stoe – verwhelmed (= s impressed that u cannt act) b the variet n er 37
LANGUAGE |
40
names
49
Non-Politial Plae Naes Mst maps the wrld illustrate the plitical boundaies1 between natin states. The names cuntries generall pose2 ew prblems r EFL3 learners. Hwever, underneath the articial natinal divisins there exists the natural wrld and the names supranatinal areas. 50 nn-plitical toponyms4 are illustrated n these tw pages.
Hudson Bay ............................................................................................... 1 The Geat Lakes ...................................................................................... 2 The Paiies5.............................................................................................. 3 The Easten Seaboad ......................................................................... 4 The rocky Mountains .......................................................................... 5 Cental Ameica ...................................................................................... 6 The Bemuda Tiangle ......................................................................... 7 The Gul o Mexico ................................................................................ 8 The Caibbean Sea ................................................................................ 9 The West Indies ..................................................................................... 10 The Andes (Mountains) ..................................................................... 11 The Amazon Basin 6 ............................................................................. 12 The Southen Cone ............................................................................. 13 Cape Hon7 .............................................................................................. 14 The Topics .............................................................................................. 15 The Topic o Cance ........................................................................... 16 The Equato ............................................................................................ 17 The Topic o Capicon .................................................................... 18 Scandinavia ............................................................................................ 19 The Balkans ............................................................................................ 20 Euasia ....................................................................................................... 21 The Sahaa Deset ............................................................................... 22 The Middle East .................................................................................... 23 The Fetile Cescent ............................................................................ 24 The Gul o Guinea .............................................................................. 25 Sub-Sahaan Aica ............................................................................. 26 The Hon8 o Aica .............................................................................. 27 The Cape o Good Hope.................................................................... 28 Aabia ........................................................................................................ 29 The Steppes ............................................................................................ 30 Sibeia ....................................................................................................... 31 The Gobi Deset .................................................................................... 32 Tibet ........................................................................................................... 33 The Himalaya Mountains ................................................................. 34 Southeast Asia ...................................................................................... 35 38
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
6
13
7
14
39
bounday – brder, rntier to pose – present, create 3 EFL – English as a reign
aected b a river
1 2
language toponym – place name 5 paiie – area treeless grass 4
plains (similar t pampas, steppes and savannah) 6 basin – (in this context ) area
7
the Cape was named ate Hoon in Nothen Holland, the bithplace o Dutch navigato William C. Schouten (c. 1580-1625) who discoveed it in 1616. The name is not elated to ‘hon8’. 8 hon –
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
41
19
20
40
21
23
24
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31
32
33
34
40
35
49
43 44
42
15
22
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18
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36
25
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46
The Indian Subcontinent .......................................................... 36 Southeast Asia (The East Indies) ........................................... 37 Austalasia ....................................................................................... 38 The roaing Foties9 .................................................................... 39 The Actic Ocean ........................................................................... The Atlantic Ocean ....................................................................... The Mediteanean Sea ............................................................. The Black Sea .................................................................................. The Caspian Sea............................................................................. ISSUE 143
thinK in english
37
40 41 42 43 44
47
38
50
The Aabian Sea............................................................................. The Indian Ocean .......................................................................... The Bay o Bengal ......................................................................... The South China Sea ................................................................... The Pacic Ocean .......................................................................... The Southen Ocean .................................................................... 9
stomy ocean tacts between latitudes 40º and 50º South, chaacteized by violent westely winds
45 46 47 48 49 50
related resources i
Which of these places would you most like to see?
39
LANGUAGE |
signs
errr Ds:
Ambiguity in Native Signs
over the ears we’ve criticized man signs aboad1
written in boken English2. Hwever, signs that are
badl written b native speakers are much mre censurable. Here are ur examples. Bere lking
at the ntes, tr t wok out3 what’s wrng and hw the culd be imprved: 1. Kntrl CrAWLING4
INSECT KILLER5
3. oster pa as
u g users must tuch in8 4. Frmulated with
2. DRy FLy & WASP6
KILLER7
Halurnan t Moistuize 9 Nse and Dr Skin10
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI 1 2
aboad – in reign cuntries boken English – imperect English as used b
sme nn-native speakers to wok out – determine, deduce 4 cawling – scuttling, that run n ur r mre legs 5 sme ambiguit: is this an insecticide that crawls r an insecticide r insects that crawl 6 wasp /wsp/ – 3
40
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
SuGGESTED ANSWERS n i k s y r d d n a e s o n s e z i r u t s i o m t i , n a n o r u l a y H h t i w d e t a l u m r o F . 4 g - u o y - s a - y a p r e . 3 n i h c u o t t s u m s r e s u 2 1 o t s y O r e l l i k p s a w - d n a - y f y r D . 2 e s n i - g n i l w a r c l o r e l l i k 1 1 t c r t n o K . 1 related resources
Which of these signs is genuinely confusing for you and which are just formally ambiguous?
PHoTo By RoBBIE K. JoNES
ver ambiguus: it reads like the insecticide kills ‘dr lies’ (whatever the are) and wasps 8 this is an impenetrable sentence unless u have a detailed knwledge Lndn’s transprt culture. T begin t understand it u have t knw that an oster card is a tpe debit card r public transprt. T pa ur are (= the cst travelling) u have t swipe (= pass) the card in rnt a sensr, which deducts the mne rm the card. 9 to moistuize – dampen, make humid 7
PHoTo By MARINA CARRESI
ambiguus: des ocean Gel misturie ur nse and dr ur skin? Mrever, there is n reasn r capitaliing (= writing in CAPITAL letters) the initial letters the wrds in the secnd line. 11 cawling-insect (adj.) – relating t insects that cannt l (e.g. ants, cckraches, etc.) 12 pay-as-you-go – (mobile phone, Oyster card ) pre-paid, reerring t a tpe debit card thrugh which u pa r a service bere u use it and mne is deducted in accrdance with hw much u use it 10
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
Test hw well u have retained the vcabular rm this issue think b ding the llwing crsswrd: I you nd the cosswod dicult, do the easy clues (in ed) st. This will make the est o the wods much easie to nd.
crossword 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
00
8
9
10
00
ACrOSS
1. (adj.) squalid and pvert-stricken like parts
16
00
11
00
00
12
17
18
19
20
00
24
27
28
00
33
34
00
35
38
00
39
40
43
44
00
45
50
51
00
00
57
58
54
00
63
00
64
70
71
72
00
76
21
00
00
26
00
00
29
30
31
36
37
00
46
00
55
00
59
60
65
00
DOWN 1. ault; tpe incmplete verb 2. just deserts, retributin 3. daggers 4. therere. Hmphne ‘sew’ 5. unassailable, well rtied 6. the chice is pen 7. er in tball 8. male osping. Homophone o ‘sun’ 9. same as 25 ACRoSS 10. lament, deplre 13. insatiabilit, greed 14. same as 11 ACRoSS 15. bserved. Hmphne
‘scene’ 17. (adj.) cvering the entire
surace 19. not available; no answe (initialism) 20. cultural, relating t a specic
culture
thinK in english
00
00
66
00
73
74
78
32
00
42
00
48
49
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
61
62
67
68
00
81
82
56
69
00
75
00
00
00
79
83
23. cmplain, gran 26. internet address r 29
59. nitrgen and xgen.
ACRoSS 28. signicant ther, rmantic partner 29. the gggle bx, the bb tube 30. pssessive adjective 32. same as 32 ACRoSS 34. prepsitin – nished? 36. imprve, enrich 37. large twn 42. stress 44. tp, stpper, cver
60. pinnacle rck, escarpment 61. prpel with ne’s nger; mvie 62. menagerie 63. pleasantl ht 64. was/were dressed in.
46. capable. Homophone o ‘Abel’ 49. r example ( Latin initialism) 51. primitive mind 53. sight; apparitin 56. land visited b Drth.
Australia 57. multitude ing insects 58. emale chicken
Victrian Lndn
8. weep. US acrnmic insult 11. peposition – activated? 12. the’ll eat anthing 16. widespread hunger 18. persnal prnun; undergrund bmb 21. structure rm which high-vltage cables are hung
53
00
00
23
00
41
47
00
00
00
00
00
77
15
25
52
00
14
22
00
80
ISSUE 143
13
Hmphne ‘heir’
Hmphne ‘war’ 65. piece clth 67. genetically modied (initialism) 68. clean/taste with ne’s tngue;
beat (US English) 69. same as 11 ACRoSS 70. human upper limb 71. rearm 72. metal in rck. Hmphne 25 ACRoSS 73. lair. Anagram ‘end’ 74. same as 11 ACRoSS 78. Egptian sun gd 79. same as 23 ACRoSS
22. same as 11 ACRoSS 23. bject prnun 24. US lit 25. cnjunctin 26. digit the t. Hmphne ‘tw’ 27. hint 29. Far Eastern island cuntr 31. pale, pallid 32. indenite article 33. summits; maximum. Anagram ‘spt’ 35. rsake, ail t lk ater 38. intravenus pelgram ( abbreviation) 39. eastern Scandinavian 40. tavern 41. catalgue, register 43. meat rm calves. Anagram ‘vale’ 45. wden skiing-hlida hme 47. allw, permit 48. snake-like sh 50. electonic andom numbe indicato equipment (acronym) 51. that is (Latin initialism) 52. antibd; abut ( abbreviation) 53. cmpeting 54. compact disc (initialism) 55. Dutch internet address 57. subject prnun 58. subject prnun 59. entrance, entr, admissin 61. eervescence, sparkle. Hmphne Phi 63. subject prnun 64. cable – telegram! 66. Inuit structure made ice 68. tilet 70. tpe Turkish cat, gat r rabbit 73. black rectangular blck with white dts n it 76. ancient Mesptamian cit 77. envirnmental; inexperienced 80. means exchange; currenc 81. slide ver ice 82. Catherine 83. consumed ood. Homophone o ‘eight’
think 142 solutions F R A M E WO R K A
I
A E A
M I N D S E T I N N E H I
D
W E D S H I
I
I
B E
O K
O N
R
A B S C E S S
D R Y
K M
A G H A S T
U A E
O D
C O C
O
O H
L
U G A N D A
S H O P K E E P E R E N T E R
C
B L E A C H
S P R E A D
A R C H
U S
O B E S E
S E A R C H
D E C L I N E
N
A S
K A M I K A Z E
T E M
A D O
L
I
S
F
A P S E S C R O L L
O I
S L
M A R R O W
41
miscellany
Pr Dsrp track
19 Pctue descptn Tr t describe the tw phtgraphs n this page. First, r each picture, describe what u can see and what the peple are ding. Remember t describe psture, aces, clurs, textures and materials. Mentin similarities and cntrasts between the tw phts. Finall, cmment n ur persnal reactin t what u can see. ❯❯
How do you let your hair down1?
PHoTo By IRENE SANz
When u have nished, listen t the mdel versin n the CD (track 19) and tr t llw what the nativespeaker is describing. Finall, read thrugh the tapescript r the recrding (n p. 50) while2 u listen again. Remember there is a lagetype3 versin t dwnlad at www.thinkinenglish.net . Write dwn an new wrds r expressins u have come acoss 4.
related resources tk 19
to let one’s hai down – relax while – at the same time as 3 lage-type – in big letters 4 to come acoss (cme-came-cme) 1 2
– encunter 42
PHoTo By MARIo HERRERA
thinK in english
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PronunCiation symBols Key Here are the smbls we use in this magaine t help ur prnunciatin:
C /ʧ / – church (a ‘CH’ sund) / ʃ / – wash, sure (a ‘SH’ sund) /ʤ/ – judge /ʒ/ – visin, measure /j/ – es, ellw /ɵ/ – thick, path /ð/ – the, this, breathe /η/ – sing
P Vw // – ht /a/ – cat /ʌ / – cut, sme, cuple /:/ – curt, taught, warn /ə/ – ccur, arma, suppl
dp /u/ – be, knw, brke /i/ – t, sil /iə/ – ear, here /eə/ – air, there
tapescripts 143
dwl illustrt vrsi with lrr ty t www.tinkinengli.net
THINK 143 | is – kind o 25 – the nal part that huge 26 prcess. S, tring t slve it is ridiculus i u’re nt – kind o 25 – tackling 27 the whle wrld and hw
it ’s set up28.
DEBATE: THE rOOTS1 OF HUNGEr 2 (17m29s) 1. Pat 1: What is Famine 3? (2m58s) Commentay: Listen t the llwing debate abut amine3. Nothen Iishman (NI): S, I understand we’ve just4 reached seven billin peple n planet Earth.
Englishman (EM): yeah, last Nvember, right? NI: That’s right an… but we understand that abut a billin thse peple are… suer rm hunger2, nt in the state amine3 but dn’t get enugh t eat n a da-t-da basis r are in danger starving to death5. Wh d u think that is? What d u believe are the causes hunge2? EM: Well, I have a bit a prblem with that sot 6 statistic. I get suspicious7 b a gue8 like a
2. Pat 2: Local Govenme nts (1m37s) NI: I – sot o 29 – tend t think… I mean10, clearl pvert and amine 3 go hand-in-hand 30 , but mre ten than nt what ges hand-in-hand with amine 3 is either war r sme disastrus
taPescriPts
and Erich Wiedermann came out with 54 a great
quote55 saing that Western therap r Arica is like giving poison56 t a sick man; r a chclate t a diabetic. S, it’s saing that NGOs50 aren’t slving
the prblem and, in act, a lt the time the’re maintaining the prblem. S, b sending help t cuntries, the’re helping maintain the gvern-
ments and crruptin and the terrible inrastructure in place. NI: I think because mre ten than nt the NGOs50
gvernment management a particular ne the wrld.
t perate have t perate hand-in-hand with 57
South Aican Woman (SW): I think quite ten the spingboad o31 the amine3 is a natural
place.
disaster that is extremel badl handled b the gvernment wh shuld be handling a situatin in a given cuntr. 32
33
EM: But reall we’re just talking abut a gvernment r institutins in a particular area having
whatever gvernment is ruling 58 in that particular SM: To a cetain extent 59. And als NGOs50 are used ver ten t appease 60 peple’s uneasy61 eelings guilt 62 . S, when the hear abut
hunge2 peple want t d smething, well, nt t much but just enugh t make them eel better. And, s, NGOs50 are respnding t thse
enugh slack t be able t cope with a crisis.
needs. And everne… i there’s hunge2 everne thinks sending d. I mean10, I remem-
bviusl there’s a big prblem. Fa too many11
I peple are at the limit r a signicant part the ppulatin is at the limit anthing can tip them ove36, can’t it reall? SW: yes, but there are… there are dcumented cases gvernments that have pevented 37
peple have a too little 12. But I dn’t particu-
help rm getting t areas that need help. There
larl like the statistic. I think it wuld be wrng t get lst in that prblem, but I nd that slightly13 suspect.
are… histricall, there are gvernments that have allowed 38 amine 3 t happen t entire
billin. There’s bviusl… NI: It’s t ound9? EM: yeah. And it’s als hunge2 as such is a ver 10
elastic… a ver elastic cncept. I mean I think
NI: I think… the statistic I think cmes rm
recentl I’ve been… been studing Brazil and ne the big things abut Lula’s plitical plan when he came int pwer was that children shuld have… shuld have ne gd meal ever da,
34
35
natins deliberatel. And the ailue39 a cop40 r a season41’s ailure in many instances42 culd have been ovecome43 b gd management44 ther esouces45.
ber as a child ever time I didn’t nish m meal I remember m parents saing – y’know14 – “Think thse starving63 children in Ethipi a”. M argu-
ment wuld be, ‘Well, send them the d’. 4. Pat 4: Euope & Aica (3m43s) EM: yeah, I wanted t pick up n that, this idea Western guilt 62 etc. I mean10, are the tw sides t the same coin 64? D peple starve5 in develping
cuntries because we eat t much? Because ur big d prblem is not putting on 65 t much weight and ther develped prblems like bulimia
and anrexia and ther tpes eating disrders
– this is difcult r us t imagine but there are
3. Pat 3: The Media & NGOs (2m16s) SM: Srr, I think there’s anther danger here that we ten relate amine3 t mments crisis. S
peple ut there wh… wh ma nt be stav-
when there’s a natural disaster r war everne
wrlds in a ver real sense?
ing to death 5 but the dn’t eat ever da. And
talks abut amine3. Evey now and again46 it’ll cme int the press, ’94 in Ethipia r this ear in Smalia, the talk abut the amine3. In man these places amine is smething chrnic. It’s nt
NI: I think there’s denitel a relatinship between what we d and what happens elsewhere n Earth. I think prbabl ne the biggest things that has
smething that suddenly 47 appears r ges awa.
plitics in anther part the wrld r hw we live aecting them, the Common Agricultural Policy67 in Eurpe, r example, subsidies the prductin d. And a lt armers in Eurpe have made their mne rm the subsidies, made sme mre
shuld eat nce ever da. And I think – y’know14
– y’know14 – I think we can sa that thse peple are hungr peple and that’s t little d t live n, t thive15 n. Scotsman (SM): I mean10, it’s difcult as well16. We als judge it rm a Western pint--view where we’e used to17 having three gd meals a da. And s we’re judging everthing rm oveeating18 and it is ver difcult t dene hunge2. I mean10, amine3, as ar as I see it 19, is related t povety20. I mean10, pvert and amine 3 go togethe 21. And that’s als related t a lack o capacity22 t travel, t change rles r t change place, a lack o 23 educatin and a lack o 23 human rights. I mean10, the all g tgether. And hunger 2 is actually24 the tip the iceberg. I mean10, we’re talking abut it’s the nal result an unviable
It’s smething that the press picks up on48 evey now and again46 t make a big str abut. And nrmall when the str comes out 49 in the press the wrst part the amine3 is alread nished. Ameican man (AM): Isn’t this where the rle the NGOs50 cmes in? I mean10, shuldn’t these tpes rganiatins, in additin t soveeign counties51, but specicall the NGOs50 that ae tasked with 52 dealing with 53 these tpes
that just66 – y’know14 – bviusl ther peple wuldn’t even dream abut. or are we in dierent
mst impacted Arica, r example, is, in terms
mne rm selling their goods68 and then with a prt made and a quta lled the have a lt surplus 69 d which the sell int Arica at prices that are way below70 market, thus71, destring
plitical structure, prblems with cmmunica-
prgrams… prblems, srr, aren’t the the nes that shuld be llwing this, the da t da, and ding sme sot6 preventative r taking sme sot 6 preventative measures?
the lcal market. EM: Thus speaks the… thus spake72 the UK Independence Part! SW: There is… NI: This is smething I believe that has had a ver
tins r inrastructure in a cuntr and natinal and internatinal situatins. I mean10, the hunger2
SM: I mean10, the big prblem is that NGOs50 are… are generall Western-based rganizatin
bad eect n Arica, goods68 cming in belw cst. SW: There’s anther… there is anther pint
1
oots – (in this context ) rigins, causes hunge – a lack 23 d, need r d, starvatin, amine,
a lack o – (in this context ) deicient, insuicient actually – (alse riend ) in act, reall kind o – ( pause ill er ) srt , ’knw, like, well, I mean huge – enrmus, gigantic, great to tackle – tr t slve to be set up – (in this context ) be structured sot o – ( pause ill er ) ’knw, like, well, I mean, kind to go hand-in-hand – ccur tgether spingboad o – rigin , cause to handle – tackle, tr t slve just – (in this context ) nl slack – excess capacit to cope with – deal with, slve to tip s.o. ove – hurl s.. int the abss, push s.. int crisis to pevent – stp to allow – permit ailue – nn-success, inadequate prductin cop – harvest, prduce, agricultural prductin season – time the ear when crps grw in many instances – in man cases, n man ccasins to ovecome (-cme/-came/-cme) – ( in this context ) cntrl,
to come out (cme-came-cme) – appear, emerge NGOs – nn-gvernmental rganiatins soveeign county – independent natin to be tasked with – (US English) be respnsible r to deal with (deal-dealt-dealt) – tr t slve, tackle to come out with (cme-came-cme) – express quote (n.) – qutatin, memrable declaratin poison – venm, a txic substance hand-in-hand with – in cllabratin with to ule – gvern, administer to a cetain extent – t sme degree, in part to appease – placate, satis uneasy – perturbing, alarming guilt – bad cnscience, remrse, culpabilit staving – hungr, malnurished coin – (in this context ) prblem, ( literally ) not putting on – tring nt t gain just – (in this context ) simpl Common Agicultual Policy
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malnutritin, inanitin
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amine – scarcit d resulting in widespread hunger, d
shrtages causing deprivatin, malnutritin and death just – (in this context ) recentl to stave to death – die malnutritin and/r hunger sot – tpe, kind to get suspicious (get-gt-gt) – becme sceptical and disbelieving igue – (in this context ) number, statistic ound – (in this context ) apprximate I mean – ( pause ill er ) ’knw, like, well, srt , kind a too many – (emphatic ) man t man a too little – (emphatic ) much t little slightly – a little y’know – ( pause il ler ) like, kind , srt , I mean to thive – prsper, lurish, d well as well – t, als to be used to – be accustmed t oveeating – cnsuming t much d as a as I see it – in m pinin povety – penur, destitutin, indigence, privatin, need, hardship to go togethe (g-went-gne) – ( in this context ) ccur simultaneusl lack o capacity – (in this context ) inabilit
slve
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21
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ISSUE 143
thinK in english
44 45 46 47 48
management – (in this context ) supervisin, rganiatin esouces – assets, useul things evey now and again – ccasinall suddenly – quickl and unexpectedl to pick up on – ntice, reprt n
68
69 70 71 72
– Eurpean Unin agricultural administratin goods – prducts, ( in this context ) prduce suplus – excess way below – ar belw, much lwer than thus – (ormal ) in this wa spake – (archaic ) spke, quth
45
taPescriPts
| THINK 143
related resources
K
Do you eel responsible or hunger in the Third World? How would you solve it?
that must… that I think must be bought up73
an pen demcratic sstem where there’s als
AM: I’ve seen recentl… I dn’t mean t cut u
in relatin t hw we aect what might happen
o 103, but talking n the same subject104, that a lt wrk has been dne n specic daughtesistant105 cops40 and little b little the’re…
lw rainall the land that is set aside77 r lcal use is cmpletel useless. The best land has been
amine3. I’m sure there’s a case but I can’t think an lage87 nes o the top o m head88. SM: It all depends hw a demcrac is classied I guess89. yeah, well, certainl the big amine 3 ther b Amarta Sen is based n demcrac. S, the lack o 90 demcrac is ne the majr causes amine3. EM: Well, I mean10 demcrac in the wide sense in terms the ule o law 91 as well16. SM: yeah. Well, u’ve gt ther peple… u’ve gt Rubin is arguing alwas that demcrac actually24 desn’t help in cases amine3 because
used r a cash cop75 that ma r ma nt ail, but there is nthing let r the lcal small-time
demcrac causes a lt unnecessar bureaucrac. S, r getting aid t certain places, it’s slw-
claiming 106 that it was – y’know14 – it wuld be dangerus, it culd cause prblems. And s the
armer t grw.
ing dwn the prcess.
American gvernment used that as an excuse t
NI: And the investment78 in the rms d
NI: N, I dn’t think it’s ging t help in the
prductin in terms using best practices r prducing thse cops 40 . It desn’t advance. There’s n incentive t arm the best land. There’s
mment, but I think it’s gonna92 help in preven-
attack them, saing hw this gvernment was nt helping their peple and blamed 107 them r everthing and cancelled aid ging t that
in, specicall, Arica. A lt peple in Arican
cuntries are encouaged74 b Eurpean pwers t grw cash crops75, things like cashew nuts76, tea
and cee, which… thse crps are nt useul t the cuntr itsel as d. Bu t the best land is given ver t cash crops75 in exchange r mne, which means that the ppulatin is nt grwing the usual subsistence crp that he might have dne i Eurpe wasn’t asking r cashew nuts76. Then in a time
n… and exactl, thse are inuences that cme rm utside that impact the whle… lage
pats79 Arica. SW: Furthermore80, usuall thse cash crops75 are rainall dependent and, theeoe 81, i there is n rain, there is n cop40, there is n mne r the
crp and there has been n subsistence arming either. S, hunge2 is an inevitable result. 5. Pat 5: The USA & Famine3 (0m42s) SM: We als have t think that amine3 itsel is a
great business. Fr example, in the case Ethipia, 70% Ethipian aid cmes rm the US and accrding t US law all d-aid mne must be spent n d grwn in the US and at least hal it must be packed in the US and the majrit it must be transprted in US ships. And s basicall amine3 in Ethipia is suppoting82 all the arms in oklahma and keeping the agricultural business in the States alive. S, amine3 is wnderul r the
develped cuntries in a lt was. 6. Pat 6: Famine 3 & Democacy (2m35s) EM: When u… when we think abut the major83 amines3, r example, Russia in the 1930s r China in the late 1950s I think it was, the cuent84 tpe situatin in Nrth Krea, u mentined earlier Ethipia in 1984. It seems t be almst necessaril under undemcratic regimes. Is demcrac a slutin t amine 3? Wuld it be much mre useul r these peple t prmte r t help thse elements in that sciet that believed in demcrac than t wrr abut sending them d that’s been grwn
in oklahma? AM: I think it might be slightly13 easier but I think the real prblem is the amount85 crruptin. I 10
mean u have crruptin in an tpe gvern-
ment, whethe86 it’s autcratic r a demcrac. NI: Still, it’s diicult t imagine a demcratic
gvernment surviving lng i peple are starving t death in that cuntr. SM: Well…
tin – y’know14 – smething over the long term93.
SM: yeah, I mean10 I think i demcrac… NI: Things in demcracies dn’t happen ast.
78
NGOs50. The peple that g there alwas think the have the slutin, the can save the wrld,
actrs here. I mean10, i peple are educated that gives them mre p ssibilities, mre mbilit. The
can mve awa. 7. Pat 7: Solutio ns (2m13s) EM: oK. I con 95 grwn in… oklahma is the peple we’re attackin g, isn’t it? oklahma… i crn
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
it micro-loans 96, r example? Is that… wuld that
slve this prblem permanentl? SM: Withut educatin the’re useless. NI: I dn’t think there’s an… there’s n single x97. I think there’s a whle at98 things that are required and the pint I made bere abut
the internal markets in Arica being destred b cheap imprts rm Eurpe is certainl a majr ne. The ther thing is, well, what d u dedi-
cate the land t? Hw d u use it? What are the
cuntries’ interests that pr cuntries get richer ’cos110 that means that we have less pwer. ■ INTErVIEW WITH GEOrGE HArPEr: (15m13s) PART 1 9. Who Is Geoge Hape? (4m08s) Think in English (T): What I thught wuld be a
gd thing t start with is r thse peple that dn’t knw wh u are hw wuld u describe ursel? Wh is Gerge Harper? Geoge Hape (GH): Nathan, Gerge Harper is a gu that was brn in Nashville, Tennessee and
pririties? obviusl it shuldn’t be cashew nuts76. It shuld be things that are mre dedicated t – y’know14 – things like cereal cops40 that are
grew up111 there and I put a guitar in m hands r the rst time when I was abut 12 and never reall
imprtant r survival, r subsistence. And ater that then u’ve gt t bring in educatin and so oth99 and best practices in agricultural prduc-
a thusand ther gus r ten thusand gus in
tin. At the mment because there’s n market, because things are cused n the wrng tpes cops40 the methds that are being used t
arm are cmpletel insufcient r the purpse. 100
S, it starts with crrect policies utside and then educatin, I suppse, and the imprtatin knwledge and technlg. There are… smene pointed out101 that a lt the prblems culd
be slved b using the sot 6 dip iigation102
88
to set aside (set-set-set) – assign, allt investment – spending mne n things that shuld increase
92
46
the can make things better. Western gvernments believe that the have the slutin, that the knw what the Arican gvernment shuld d. And histr repeats itsel. It’s nt in the rich
grwn in oklahma is nt the slutin, what is? Is
to bing sth. up (bring-brught-brught) – mentin to encouage – urge, stimulate cash cops – agricultural prducts r exprt cashew nuts – an edible dried ruit rm the Anacardium
prductin and eicienc lage pats – majr extensins uthemoe – what’s mre, besides theeoe – thus, r this reasn to suppot – (in this context ) sustain, help majo (adj.) – mst imprtant cuent – present amount – (in this context ) level whethe – (in this context ) irrespective whether (≈ i) lage – (alse riend ) big
cuntr. yu have s man internatinal interests
SM: yeah, certainl educatin is ne the ke
89 90 91
occidentale tree
77
zambian gvernment reused t accept the grain
cult t see a slutin. S, I mean10… eah, I mean Arica… a lt peple sa, “yeah, leave Arica t the Aricans”. I mean10… but u do have108 this kind109 arrgance the West. yu see it in the
prducing a lt d using ver little water.
76
geneticall-mdied grain t zambia claiming106 that this wuld grw better in their terrain. The
inrastructure, then, eah, in the lng term there will be an imprved… EM: And the cus n the act that the individual is imprtant perhaps.
tr with what I wuld call a gd gvernment r 75
2002 the US gvernment tried t dnate a lt
imprved human rights, i u imprve cmmunicatin and
SM: yeah, i demcrac is linked to
that we see in Sutheast Spain r in ther parts the – sort o 29 – Mediterranean area is a gd wa
74
8. Pat 8: False Solutio ns (1m25s) SM: yeah, there are a lt ther interests. In
cmbined with the natinal interests. I mean10, with the crruptin in the cuntr, the crruptin is sustained b internatinal interests. It’s ver dif-
94
NI: And I think… I nd it difcul t t think a cun73
I think the educatin the armers in Arica will help t imprve the…
93 94 95 96
97 98 99
o the top o one’s head – withut having t think abut it I guess – I suppse lack o – absence the ule o law – situatin in which the judicial sstem treats
everne equall gonna – (slang) ging t ove the long tem – in the lng run, ver the ears to be linked to – be cnnected t, be assciated with con – cereal, grain mico-loans – credit prvided t pr peple in ver small sums ix – (in this context ) slutin at – (in this context ) series, cmbinatin and so oth – and s n, et cetera policies – prgrammes, plans, strategies to point out – mentin, indicate dip iigation – tpe irrigatin b which a ver small
ever tk it ut. I’ve alwas plaed and just like 112 Nashville… I mean10, everbd in Nashville was brn with a guitar in their hand and it’s nthing special there. And u’ve gotta113 be humble 114 in
Nashville because i u start thinking that u’re the best r that u’re gd even, thee’s115 a lt guys116 llwing u that’ll shw u just117
hw ‘gd’ u reall are. Th: yeah. GH: And I’ve been able t make riends in the
music business, nt necessaril in the music industr end it but in the music… musicians end it.
I’ve been able t… I’ve had the rtunate pprtunit t be invited and get t pla in jams118 with sme – y’know14 – ver special peple. I’ve plaed quantit water is prvided directl t each plant cntinuusl to cut s.o. o (cut-cut-cut) – interrupt s.. subject – theme, questin, matter daught-esistant – that can survive even i it desn’t rain to claim – declare, state, sa to blame s.o. – hld s.. respnsible, cndemn s.. do have – (emphatic ) have kind – srt, tpe ’cos – (slang) because to gow up (grw-grew-grwn) mature, becme an adult just like – the same as gotta – (slang) gt t humble – mdest, meek, sel-deprecating thee’s – (inormal ) there are guys – (US inormal ) peple just – (in this context ) exactl jam – (in this context ) imprvised perrmance
103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
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thinK in english
ISSUE 143
related resources
t
THINK 143 |
with Jhn Prine. I’ve plaed on stage119 with Jhn
Scruggs until the Beatles came out132. And when
Paul Jnes, Dierks Bentle, Mart Stuart. I ’ve plaed
the Beatles came ut everthing else stpped. And
n the Grand ole opr and the list goes on and on120 these wnderul things that I’ve had the pprtunit t d. But I’m just 33 ver aveage121 when it cmes t what’s gin’ n in Nashville. I’m mabe even belw average.
rm then on133 it was rck and rll in ur huse.
all genres. Sherl Crw lives there nw. Peter
And it wasn’t until I became an adult that I started ealizing134 the beaut back that bluegass135 and oots136 sund. And it wasn’t until I was in m… prbabl I was in m 40s when I decided that that’s what I wanna137 t d. And I wanna137 put dwn the big ampliers and I dn’t wanna137 haul 138 that heavy stu 139 and I wanna137 bring a guitar and a small P.A.140 and that’s what I wanna137 d and I dn’t want all thse lud dums141 and I dn’t wanna137 hurt142 peple’s ears. I wanna137… I wanna137 d smething pleasant, mre pleasant, and easier t listen t, which I think acustic music
Framptn lives there. Ever da I hear smebd
ers, eah.
else is living in Nashville. And the cme there nt just33 because the music’s gd, it’s because all the pickes122 are gd. Thee’s115 s man real
Th: Hw wuld u describe ur music nw? I
Th: yeah. And r peple that aren’t rm the
States, is there an eas wa t explain wh Nashville, wh that area, is such a…. I guess89 u culd sa a ‘Mecca’ r great musicians. Has it alwas
been that wa? GH: yeah, it reall has. But I wuld sa that in the last 20 ears the’ve had an inux music rm
taPescriPts
I had this No Smokin’ in Here recrd n m mind and there’s… there’s115 a cuple sngs n there that I started a cuple ears ag. one them I started ve ears ag. And right at the last minute I decided, well, u’ve gotta113 get up o 162 the couch163 and nish these sngs. And s ne them is the end the recrd and it’s You Better Think . And it’s prbabl m avrite sng n the
recrd. It’s nall a sng that mabe tells a str abut smething that we need t be doin’164
instead o 165 smething that’s just 33 mush166 and
abut a wman r abut a relatinship. It’s abut smething that we all need t be din’ and that’s thinking abut… thinking abut ur uture. 11. No Smokin’ in Hee (4m29s) Th: That’s ne m avrite sngs n that CD, als
mean10, I guess89 u culd describe it as Americana, bluegrass, cuntr . But rm what I’ve heard ur I’ll Be Back album and the No Smokin’ in Here album is the wide143 variet inuences rm
the title track is a ver beautiul sng, No Smoking in Here. Is there sme sot6 persnal str
r bands because there’s s man musicians it’s
rck t cuntr t bluegrass and Americana. Hw
still a place that u like t be because u enj the music being s gd.
wuld u ursel describe the tpe music
crrect u it’s No Smokin’ … Th: Withut the ‘g’. GH: Withut the ‘g’. Th: N smkin’.
gd musicians and althugh thee’s115 nt a lt places like pubs r bars that pa a lt mne 115
Th: Sure, sure, sure. yu said u’re rm Nashville, but I believe u’re rm a twn right utside Nash-
ville, is that crrect?
that u pla? GH: Man – y’know14 – when I write sngs smetimes I’m in the mood144 t write… I wn’t never
behind that? Is that… GH: Well, eah, and the title, Nathan, just 66 t
GH: No Smokin’ in Here and it’s reall a sng abut
grwing up in m mther’s huse and there was
GH: I was brn in Nashville and I grew up in a twn
knw until I start t write it, but smetimes I come up with145 a bluegrass jig146 r a rck-and-rll
just nr th Nashville called Gdlettsv ille and I
ditty147 r a cuntr idea and i I start t stum148
allowed38. We were nt allowed38 t cuss167. We
still live ver clse t there in a subub123 called Unin Hill. And it gt its name rm the Unin
and have a chrd prgressin that I like it desn’t
toops124 ccuping it. Th: oK. GH: And there’s115 a lt Unin Hills in the Suth ’cos110 the Unin Arm wuld take the hills and…
is gd music. I had just as soon149 sit and listen t an rchestra as I had listened t Led zeppelin
went t church, but we lved the Beatles and we lved t smke and we lved t drink. And s we had t g ut… utside n the prch t d that
s the culd verlk the valles. Th: Sure.
gd and I tr… I tr nt t write anthing that I dn’t like. And I eel that i I like it smebd else is gonna92 like it. Th: Sure.
GH: S, thee’s115 a lt Unin hills but I live
in Unin Hill and it’s abut 20 miles 125 nrth
Nashville. 10. Good Music is Good Music (6m36s) Th: And u said u started plaing guitar at the age 12. Are there an ther instruments that
u pla? GH: oh, eah, man. I pla all the bass instu-
ments126 and I pla ddle127 and banj and mand-
lin and – y’know14, just 66 – I tr t get m hands on128 anthing that… I u’re a musician then u gure out129 what t d, hw t d smething w ith an instrument. Y’know14, u gure it out129. yu might nt ever becme a great plaer n an
them, but u gure it ut. Th: And wh did u decide t start plaing a
guitar at 12? Was it the amil… a amil thing r...? GH: oh, eah, man. When I was a kid130 we listened
t Flatt and Scruggs. The had a shw n TV and we wuld listen t that and m brther was reall
matter t me what it sunds like. T me gd music 150
r go over here and listen t The Grascals r g ver here and listen t Vince Gill. I it’s gd it’s
nitel 121 122 123
124 125 126
127 128 129 130 131
132
133 134 135
aveage – tpical, medicre picke – (US English) guitarist, guitar plaer subub – (alse riend ) a middle-class area n the p eripher
a cit toops – sldiers
32 km bass instuments – trumpets, hrns and similar metallic
instruments iddle – (inormal ) vilin to get one’s hands on (get-gt-gt) – acquire, btain to igue out – wrk ut, determine, discver kid – (inormal ) child dobo – a resnatr guitar traditinall plaed with ingerpicks and a slide and psitined hrintall n one’s lap182 to come out (cme-came-cme) – ( in this context ) appear, emerge om then on – ater that to ealize – (alse riend ) becme cnscius bluegass – a sub-genre American cuntr music based n traditinal English, Scttish and Welsh music and
ISSUE 143
thinK in english
space. And s when… m mther’s ver ld; she’s 89, she’ll sn be 90. And m brther, he’s 58 ears
him t and the ought and the ought168. And nw he’s 58 and she’s 89 and smetimes the still have the same kind109 cnrntatin. And ne
that daws peple in155, it desn’t matter t me what genre it ts in156. S, thereore81, I wuld sa
that what I d is Americana because it denitel includes blues, rck and rll, bluegrass, cuntr…
eas-listening. Th: But it’s nt smething u’re thinking abut bere u write the sng? GH: N, I’m nt cnscius abut it. N, I’m just 33 tring t d smething… riginal and when I
come up with145 smething that I think is a little bit dierent than anthing else I’ve heard, then I’ll expand on157 it, I’ll keep158 writin’ n it. It might down159 and pick it up160 and, case in point 161,
on stage – in perrmance, in rnt an audience to go on and on (g-went-gne) – cntinue almst indei-
GH: And believe me, inside the huse was her
down152 and wait r smething else that cmes alng that has mre … mabe mre a catchy153 meld, catch chrd prgressin, catch chrus. Y’know14, as long as154 it’s a catch smething
take me ve ears t nish a sng. I might set it
120
huse, we weren’t invading her space. Th: Right.
ld and he lives with her. And he grew up in the
plaed that dobo131 and it was… it was Flatt and 119
kind109 thing and althugh she didn’t reall agree with it as long as154 we weren’t inside the
GH: There’s… thee’s115 a lt sngs that I’ve started and it’ll be middle-o-the-oad151 and medicre and nthing special and I will lay it
m major inuence. He lved the wa Uncle Jsh
83
n smkin’ allowed38 , there was n drinkin’
traditinall perrmed n acustic stringed instruments oots – American lk music wanna – (slang) want t to haul – lug, drag, carr that heavy stu – thse heav things P.A. – public-address sstem, cmbinatin micrphnes, ampliier and lud speakers dums – to hut (hurt-hurt-hurt) – harm, damage wide – ample, extensive in the mood – in an apprpriate mental state to come up with (cmecame-cme) – ( in this context ) cmpse jig – (in this context ) sng, meld ditty – (inormal ) sng to stum – pla a guitar b mving ne’s ingers up and dwn acrss the strings (as ppsed t plucking individual strings) I had just as soon – (dialect ) I’d rather, I’d preer t to go ove hee (g-went-gne) – ( in this context ) change
60s. He wanted t be… he wanted t grw his hair lng like the kids130 did back then. She didn’t want
particular mrning I went dwn… I g dwn t see her ever da and he’s… he might be there, he might be at wrk, but she was… she had bvi usl
been in argument with him, neither ne them were speakin’ and he tld me he didn’t want me t eel like I wasn’t welcme because nbd was speakin’ t me, but it was just 33 that nbd was speakin’. And he didn’t want me t eel unspoken to169 s all he culd reall conjure up170 t sa was, “The msquites are swarmin’171 this mrnin’.” And that’s all he said and ve minutes later No Smokin’ in Here was a sng. Th: oK. GH: Because the mre things… I ealized 134 the mre things change, the mre things sta the 151
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156 157
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159 160
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163 164 165 166
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cnlict
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149 150
middle-o-the-oad – uninspired, unexceptinal to lay sth. down (la-laid-laid) – leave sth., abandn sth. catchy – memrable, cntagius, inectius as long as – s lng as, prvided that, i (and nl i) to daw s.o. in (draw-drew-drawn) – attract s.., entice s.. to it in – (in this context ) be categried as to expand on sth. – develp sth. to keep (keep-kept-kept) – ( in this context ) cntinue to set sth. down (set-set-set) – abandn sth., leave sth. to pick sth. up – (in this context ) start wrking n sth. again case in point – a gd example to get up o (get-gt-gt) – stp relaxing n, stand up rm couch – sa, settee doin’ – (US colloquial ) ding instead o – as ppsed t, rather than mush – (in this context ) sentimentalit to cuss – (US English) curse, use bad language to ight and ight (ight-ught-ught) – be in cnstant
169 170 171
to eel unspoken to (eel-elt-elt) – eel stracied, eel ignred to conjue up – think up, imagine to swam – (o insects) be abundant, be gathering in great
numbers
47
taPescriPts
related resources
| THINK 143
same. And nthing’s reall changed. And als,
Nathan, I’ve recentl been able… had the pprtunit ver the past six ears t g t Ireland several times r the Jhnn Keenan Banj Festival in Lngrd. And this recrd… m rst recrd, I’ll Be Back , rst intrduced me because the reall
liked it and the wanted me t cme pla it. And s when I went t Ireland, curse, the rs t thing u ntice as a smker is that u’re nt allowed 38
t smke in an building. And the Irish dn’t like that, especiall i the’re a smker and the like
gin’ t pubs. Y’know , u’ll see them utside smking their cigarettes. And, s, when I nished the sng it’s reall written in such an Irish vein172 that I just 66 reall wanted t get this recrd dne 14
s I culd get it there r this estival this ear. And the chrus is written in such a ashin that “n smkin’ in here”… u might nt listen t the rest
r
Tell your classmates about something that is frustratingly badly designed in your life.
ver happ. He’s the teapt millinaire and he’s a bastard. oK, mving n, I wanted t sa that the ppsite bad design is bviusl gd design and ne thing that I’m amazed189 at is hw much
the tted 219 inside a sot 6 lip 220. Hwever, the new ne is designed s that the lid 207 cvers the bin. This means that i the bin is standing against a cupbard r a wall – and u dn’t usuall have
time and touble190 is being put int the design
the bin in the middle the kitchen, d u? – then the lid nl pens halwa when u step on221 the pedal. Wrse still, it pretend s to 222 pen ull and
hand dyes191 in bathrms, which is a gd thing. Even Dsn, this wnderul inventr wh has designed these antastic bagless192 hoovers193, has designed a athe194 marvellus hand drer.
But… and I guess89 this is a gd thing because anther pet hate195 and anther bviusl nt s much bad design, but bad use design are the hand drers that will nt wok 187 lng enugh r u t get ur hand int the steam196 ht air. yu can press it with ne hand and tr t get the ther hand in but invariabl u have t use ur
then alls back t the hal-pen psitin. S, time and time again, we g t thrw smething in the bin and end up thrwing it n t the lid 207, rm where it alls nt the r. I the something 223 is teabags then it’s a mild inconvenience 224 but i it’s used gound coee225 r letoves 226 a
plate, then it makes a real mess227. We have been putting up with185 it t see i we learn t use it but it still regularl tricks228 us s we’re prbabl ging
elbow197 t tr and place bth hands in the stream
t have t bu a new ne. S, peple, bere u
the str, but everbd knws that there’s n smkin’ in here, u knw? ■ Th: Great.
ht air and u lk like an idit at the end o the day198. S, that reall… I dn’t knw i that is the wner the bar r restaurant r whatever it is tring t limit electricit use b… I dn’t knw
– END OF PART ONE –
there must be sme sort6 design eature199 with
bu a pedal-bin216, check that it pens ull when it is had229 against a wall. I’m still learning t use m new-ish230 gas cker. There are tw eatues231 that catch me out 232. First the knobs233 – r me – are in an illgi-
that hand drer that allows38 u t nl blow200
cal rder, s I g t turn n ne burner but I am
(4m47s)
ht air r three secnds r, this is the prblem, u have t keep it pressed dwn all the time.
in act turning n anther. yes, it’s true there is
(3m15s)
S, again, unbelievable! And t nish up,
12. SONG: NO SMOkIN’ IN HERE 13. PHrAS AL VErBS & EUPHON Y
since201
I dn’t want t put u int a terrible mood175, I
MONOLO GUES: BAD DESIG NS
(21m36s)
Commentay: Listen t these peple talking
abut things in their lie that are badl designed. 14. Monologue 1 [Irish English] (3m28s) Bad design… well, I eel like Marvin, the rbt rm The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy 173 in that I’m slightly13 – y’know14 – this topic174 apart rm m mood175 is ging t be ne depressiveness, which – kind o 25 – suits176 what we’re talk-
dn’t like cans that have n pull-ing202 n them because, let’s ace it203, it is quite dangerus tring t pen a can with a sharp204 knie i u dn’t have a can-pener. And invariabl mst us dn’t have can-peners these das because mst them cme with pull-rings. S, thee we go205. There
an illustratin beside each knob233 but u dn’t necessaril lk each time and it’s eas t make a mistake. The ther thing is that, unl ike m previus cker, u have t press the knb in while u apply the match234. With the previus cker u culd turn n the gas and then strike235 the match. I ealize236 this is a saet eatue231, s I accept
that I just 66 have t learn t change the rder I d things. I wuldn’t put the designer the cker
are m little gipes206 the da.
in the stocks215 with the previus tw because m difculties in using the cker aise om237 m
15. Monologue 2 [British English] (3m31s) I wuld like t cndemn ne designer, wh shuld be publicl humiliated in sme wa. I’m talking
habits and nt pr design. Anther design thing that irks238 me a bit is the new ashin in British publishing r putting page numbers at the tp the page n th e inside the page near the gutter239. It ten means u have t rce the bk pen, damaging the spine 240 in the prcess. Page numbers shuld be at the bttm
ing abut, bad design. It’s like a bad da, it’s bad design. S, t kick o 177 I think the wrse design
abut the persn wh designed the transparent
ever without doubt178 is thse little cappy179
itsel almost208 anwhere. yu place it n a wok
metal
that u get in restaurants and
suace209, n a magazine, n tp the printer
bars all ver the wrld. And ever time that I ’m pouing181 the tea n m lap182 r everwhere but183 the cup with ver little tea r water t begin
and it instantl blends into210 its backgound211. I prbabl spend abut ur hurs a ear lking r the damn212 thing. S, designer the lid 207
the page in the middle r in the utside crners. Everne knws that!
with, I’m wondeing184, “Smebd made themselves ver rich with this cappy179 little design.” And I actually24 think it has wn fciall ‘wrse
m pen-drive – u knw wh u are – u ought
16. Monologue 3 [British English] (6m30s) Right! Badl designed things… Erm, is there a time limit n this exercise because I culd go on241 all night? oK, alright, within eason242 then. I have gruped the llwing int tw categries: things pertaining t small, everda nuisances 243 that, with an nl modicum244
teapots180
design ever’, which makes me think, “Wh are the
still making them?” r “Wh are we still having t put up with185 them?” Wh dn’t we just66 thrw it all n the bad-design-teapt heap186 and mve n
and get smething that woks187 ’cos110 the mind boggles 172 173
174 175 176 177 178 179 180
181
182
183 184 185
186 187 188 189
190 191
192
193 194 195
48
188
. But anwa, smebd’s ut there
vein – (in this context ) state mind, dispsitin (1978) by Douglas Adams – a comic science iction adventue topic – (alse riend ) theme, subject, matter mood – rame mind, state mind to suit sth. – be apprpriate t sth. to kick o – start , begin without doubt – withut questin, indubitabl cappy – ridiculus, inerir, useless teapot – clsed cntainer in which tea brews (= inuses)
bere it is put int cups to pou – tip a liquid rm ne cntainer s that it alls int anther one’s lap – the hrintal surace rmed b ne’s thighs (= upper legs) when ne is sitting but – (in this context ) except r, apart rm to wonde – ask nesel to put up with (put-put-put) – tlerate, stand r, suer heap – pile rubbish, muntain garbage to wok – unctin (crrectl) the mind boggles – it’s diicult t believe to be amazed – be astnished, be shcked, be ver surprised touble – (in this context ) ert hand dye – machine that blws ht air with which t dr ne’s hands (in a public tilet) bagless – that des nt have a bag that u have t extract and thrw awa hoove (UK English) – vacuum cleaner athe – smewhat, reasnabl pet hate – ixatin, bsessin
lid 207 r m ash-pen. This lid can camuage
to213 be ashamed o ur sel 214! Next t the lash-pen-lid designer in the stocks215 I wuld place the gu – it must have been a man – wh designed the pedal-bin216 in m kitchen. Fr nearl 15 ears we had a popely217 unctining pedal-bin216 but inall the pedal mechanism gave way 218 abut six mnths ag and we bught a new ne. The ld ne had a lid207 196 197 198 199
200
201 202 203 204
205 206
207 208 209 210 211
212 213 214
215 216 217 218
219 220
steam – lw, jet, gush, trrent elbow – the articulatin in the middle ne’s arm at the end o the day – in the end, in the inal analsis design eatue – attribute/characteristic
that has been designed to blow (blw-blew-blwn) – ( in this context ) blast, discharge, emit since – (in this context ) given that, as pull-ing – let’s ace it – let’s be hnest, rankl shap – rar-edged, that cuts with ease, keen thee we go – there u are, that’s it gipe – cmplaint, grumble, man, prtest, whinge lid – tp, cver, cap almost – nearl, practicall, virtuall wok suace – desk tp to blend into – camulage itsel with backgound – surrundings, phsical cntext damn – (mild expletive) bld, accursed ought to – shuld to be ashamed o onesel – be shameaced, be cmpunctius, be cntrite the stocks – pedal-bin – popely – crrectl, ull to give way (give-gave-given) – stp unctining to it – be the right sie t g, crrelate lip – prtruding rim (= edge)
oethought245 culd be endlessly246 imprved r everne’s benet and glbal issues247 that 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231
to step on sth. – activate sth. with ne’s t to petend to – simulate that it will the something – the substance in questin mild inconvenience – small irritatin gound coee – particles triturated cee beans letoves – uneaten d, the residue a meal mess – dirt and/r untid situatin to tick – l, deceive had – (in this context ) ull, directl new-ish – mre r less new eatue – (in this context ) aspect, charac-
teristic 232
233 234
235 236 237 238 239
240
241 242 243 244 245 246 247
to catch s.o. out (catch-caught-caught) – trick 228, cause s.. t make an errr knob – to apply the match – ignite the burner with a match to stike (strike-stuck-stuck) – ignite to ealize – (alse riend ) be cnscius to aise om (arise-arse-arisen) – be the result to ik s.o. – irritate s.., ann s.. the gutte – grve dwn the middle a bk near t the spine240 spine – (in this context ) binding, where all the pages are glued r bund tgether to go on (g-went-gne) – cntinue (talking) within eason – I’ll mderate msel nuisance – irritatin, incnvenience, annance modicum – little bit, small amunt oethought – planning, preparatin endlessly – ininitel issue – (in this context ) questin
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
THINK 143 | wuld make the wrld a better place.
everwhere!) with a tin Manneken Pis271 knb272
taPescriPts
Everda nuisances then. Actually u culd rename these: “all things mstl used b
an excuse r a spout 268 . And I alwas g t pou out273 without anothe thought 274, when
huse that prbabl gets cleaned mre ten than anwhere else in the huse is invariabl, ridiculusl impssible t clean? With deep crners that
bus husewives r chie ck and bttle-washers”. It seems t me that a great man things that
bang, next thing u knw, tea avured ever-
dn’t even make a right angle, hw, n earth, d
thing and a ellw linen275 tablecloth276, nothing
u get the caot313 juice stain314 ut that? Eas, n indentatins, n deep crners, n stickyout 315 tim316 an kind109. Just 33 smooth317, wipe-clean 318, runded edges, please. It makes
243
24
have been designed r dail cnsumptin – i.e.
248
t be used, r eaten n a dail basis – have never passed b the ee a persn wh actually 24 des
thse things in real lie. Take, r examp le, mst ood packaging 249. Bags that cannt be pened except with access t lie-endangering250 implements and a martialarts belt 251 sme mid-tne clur r darker. Just 33 a packet crisps o goodness sake! 252 I mean10, didn’t anne ever envisage 253 the mment puchase 254 and cnsumptin when
much in the cup. Nw, actually chaps , this is a no-brainer 279. Just 33 a little mre a spout 268, mre a sput- shape and oom280 r the air t circulate. There are pictures these things n Ggle o cying in a bucket!281 277
24
278
Hooves193. I live in an Aladdin’s cave a at
me wonde184 wh designed this stu 319 r the astrnauts r did the have t take a spae320
toothbush321 with them?
with immvable urniture everwhere, balancing n little eet abut 10 centimetres the gound283 and dust 284 rlling ut like tumbleweed 285 in the desert rm under everthing when u walk past and then cannily286 rlling back again bere u can get to287 them with the hoove193. I need a hver with a small head that can slide288, and I mean10, really slide, underneath289 petty much290 ever piece urniture ever designed, that can, or instance291, g right292 up t the wall and pick up the stu 293 backing itsel neatly294 against the skirting295 t avid the suction path296 and nt just33 claiming to do so297 in the TV ads. oh and that des nt als need a clear space at least ve eet 298 arund everthing t be able t d s. yu see the tubes n mst hoovers193 are either ve eet lng minimum r concetina up299 t nthing with n, usable in-between300 . oh, and hw abut codless301? yes, es, es, I know they claim to have302 invented these things but we’ve gne back wards again. All, and I mean ALL ’cos110 I’ve lked at them longingly 303, the current crdless mdels are designed r upright hoovering304 with a huge26 immvable bulge305 halwa up the stem306 . Frget chests o dawes307, beds, cmputer tables, sas. Gus, what I’m talking abut is crdless, r batterpwered with a small head and a exible, variablelength, retractable tube. Smething like ne thse t snakes308 that bends309 and stiens310 at a fick o the wrist 311… r is it just 66 that everne
oK, this is the last ne but it’s a gd ne. And it’s eal322 eas. Let’s take the prblem as ead323
ver strng like that, the whle bridge started t
the ried rice and chilli bee 269. I have a ttal mental
else in the wrld lives in an art galler? And whilst we’e on312 equipment, hw abut
blck because I keep rgetting, dn’t knw wh: Ah! lvel cup tea in that inncent little stainless-steel pot270 (actually24 I think there must be
arranging it s that anthing and everthing in the kitchen – cupbard drs, ridge drawers, juicer cmpnents – gets t be designed b smene
wuld even all the bridge int the water. And
a religius multinatinal cmpan smewhere respnsible r these things because u nd the m
wh actually des cleaning r a living! Wh is it that almst everthing in the ne rm in the
the designed the clsure? Take almst anthing wrapped255 in cling lm256 – much t much cling
lm. I mean , when preparing steamed 10
257
cauli-
wer, des the recipe ever bther t sa, “Tw minutes prep time, ve minutes cking time, and
10 minutes t get the wapping258 o 259?” – well, the shuld! I actually24 think things used t be mre penable in the good old days 260 . Culd we please g back in time t the ld packaging
machiner and rget the airprt-stle multiplewrapping principles that help n ne in particular, nt the cnsumer, nt the shel-lie261 r the planet, cme t that. Here’s m cntributin o what it’s woth262. Paper bags that are recclable (I dn’t need them t be a unky263 designer brwn
either) and which are by a264 the nicest r mst oodstus265 – especiall anthing meant t be
eaten in the near uture: ld newspapers ten work 187 well. or what abut easil cleanable, prop-
ely217 reusable plastic bags r even pots266 with lids207 that we can all take dwn t the stre and ll up urselves and then clean cmrtabl at hme? Wuld that reall be such a big deal267? oh, here’s anther ne. Teapt spouts268… “Tea tastes nicer rm a pt”, sas m husband. And I
mstl agree with him except r – nw picture it please – a nice cup jasmine tea t accmpan
248 249 250 251
i.e. – (id est ) that is ood packaging – the wrapping arund d, d packets lie-endangeing – lethal, dangerus belt – (in this context ) sash, waistband (that represents ne’s
prwess – e.g. a black belt) o goodness sake! – (minced oath) r Gd’s sake!, damn it! to envisage – envisin, imagine puchase – buing to wap – cver, package cling ilm (UK English) – thin lexible transparent wrapping, plastic wrap (US English) steamed – cked in ver ht water vapur wapping – packaging to get sth. o (get-gt-gt) – take sth. , remve sth. the good old days – the past ( considered with nostalgia) shel-lie – perid time a perishable d prduct can be n sale in a shp o what it’s woth – as a mdest cntributin unky – trend, ashinable by a – easil, withut questin oodstus – d, ingredients pot – jar, d cntainer a big deal – an ert, a prblem spout – nle, small tube r similar n a cntainer thrugh which liquid is directed when being pured rm that cntainer int anther bee – meat rm a cw stainless-steel teapot –
252
282
24
277 278 279 280 281
nothing much – ver little chaps (UK English) – gus ( US English), peple no-baine – simple prblem t slve oom – (in this context ) suicient space o cying in a bucket! – r cring ut lud! ( minced oath),
r Christ’s sake! unitue – tables, chairs, sas, beds, etc. the gound – the lr dust – dr particles dirt tumbleweed – spherical mass dr plants that mves abut in deserts (especiall in westerns) cannily – cunningl, cratil, cleverl to get to (get-gt-gt) – reach, ( in this context ) trap, catch to slide – slip, mve smthl, glide, skate undeneath – beneath, belw, under petty much – mre r less o instance – r example ight – (in this context ) all the wa, cmpletel the stu – the things, ( in this context ) the dirt neatly – adeptl, cleverl, in a precise wa the skiting (boad) (UK English) – basebard ( US English) lng piece wd that is astened t the bttm the walls arund a rm the suction path – the lw suctin to claim to do so – declare that it can d it
and just 66 head staight 324 o 325 the slutin. No private cars, at all, in the inner cities 326 – nl licensed nes needed r wrk r lage87, regular quantities peple carring. Lage87 car
parks n the oute im327 twn with pope328 cnnectins and transprters r ur purchases 329
between public transprt and the car. And – wait r it – we culd devise330 a slim-line 331 peplecarrier that travels cmrtabl thrugh the centre
twn guided b rails and/r verhead cables – speed regulated, eas t get n and , a j r sightseeing, electric t help save the planet… oh and prviding a whole bunch o 332 jbs whilst333 building and setting up334 and then running 335 all these… Uh, didn’t we used t have these abut
100 ears ag? I think we called them cable cars? 17. Monolo gue 4 [ US English]
seeing when I was grwing up n televisin a vide a bridge, the br idge ver a ba and I dn’t even remember where that… I think it was a hanging336 bridge – sot o 29 – like the Glden Gate Bridge in San Francisc. And this bridge because it was hanging it had a certain amount o 337 exibilit
t it and when the wind338 started kicking up339 reall strng, like perhaps a strm r smething
ripple 340 and it wuld ripple s much that the cars there exists a black-and-white ld vide this
and it lked reall rightening. I mean10, it lks like smething… it lks like a cartn. A bridge just 66 ippling340 like a ag in the wind. 308 309
311
whilst we’e on – given that we are talking abut caot – stain – dirt mark, smudge, bltch sticky-out – (inormal ) prtruding tim – decratin, rnamentatin smooth – uninterrupted, rictinless wipe-clean – that can easil be cleaned with a clth this stu – (inormal ) these things a spae – an extra toothbush – eal – (slang) reall to take sth. as ead (take-tk-taken) – accept sth. staight – directl to head o – g twards, ( in this context ) tr t ind inne cities – urban centres, twn centres oute im – peripher pope – (in this context ) eicient one’s puchases – the things ne has bught to devise – invent, think up slim-line – aerdnamic a whole bunch o – a lt whilst – while, during the perid to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish to un sth. (run-ran-run) – manage, rganie hanging – suspensin amount o – level wind – to kick up – (in this context ) becme gust, blw, blast to ipple – undulate
254
283
255
284
313
256
285
314
257
286
316
258
287
317
259
288
318
260
289
319
261
290
320
291
321
262
292
322
263
293
323
264
294
265
295
268
269 270
the amous sculptue o a small boy uinating in Bussels this is wodplay because ‘knob’ can mean spout 268 o penis ( slang ) to pou out – tip the tea rm
271
272
273
the teapt int teacups 274 275
297 298 299
300 301 302 303 304 305
tablecloth – piece textile that cvers a dinner table
307
thinK in english
in-between – (in this context ) intermediate ptin codless – nt having a cable they claim to have – declare that the have longingly – earningl, cvetusl, desirusl, wistull hooveing (UK English) – vacuuming bulge – lump, prtuberance, prtru-
sin 306
ISSUE 143
appoximately 1.5 metes to concetina up – telescpe in n itsel, cllapse dwn , be
retractable
without anothe thought – autmaticall, impulsivel linen – tpe thick textile used r making sheets and
tableclths 276
296
stem – the ple-like vertical bar
that rms a prminent part sme vacuum cleaners chest o dawes –
to stien – becme rigid lick o the wist – rapid hand
mvement
282
267
snake – serpent to bend (bend-bent-bent) – buckle,
be lexible 310
253
266
(4m00s)
oK, things that I’ve nticed that have bad design. one thing I remember, I’ve never actually24 seen it directl, but there’s ne thing that I remember
312
315
324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335
336 337 338 339
340
49
taPescriPts
| THINK 143
oK, smething else that has bad design. Smething that I nd reall irritating is cheap countetops341 in the kitchen. Cheap cuntertps in the kitchen tend t have this prblem. Little ridges342 that u can never get int the cracks343 and things… little bumps 344 that make the sink 345 higher than the actual countetop346 s u can never just 66 push water int it, it has t alwas g up ver smething. S u get these little pools 347 water that sit in the back just 66 waiting t rot 348 the wden countetop346 r create little bits gime 349 and just 66 goss 350 and disgusting 351 things. And the ther thing that happens when u get these little pools347 back there because the water desn’t just 66 run down352 int the sink 345 is that it starts t drip353 n ur eet and i u dn’t
and packing industr. Hwever, sme their
prducts culd be imprved. Take the Tetra Brik, r example. These packages are made out o 369
m kitchen is a universal mixe and blende402. The prbl em with this mixer-bl ender combo403
is that it shaes 404 the same mtr. It has a saet
layers 370 paperboard371, plastic and aluminium
device 405 incrprated in it that pevents 37 u
oil372 and are cmmnl used r milk, wine and juices. Whil e these bick-shaped373 packages are ideal r transprting and storage374, the becme prblematic nce u get them hme. Fr starters, I’ve und the “Eas pen, tear375 here” indicatins n the tp the cartn are hadly eve376 what they claim to be377. I alwas seem t tear o 378 t much the carton379 and end up with a gaping380 hle and sme the prduct n the counte381
rm turning n the blender i the mixing bwl is nt locked into place406 . But what happens i the
and r. Nw I alwas use scissrs t pen Tetra
a machine that has bth a mixer and blender r give each them their wn mtr and cntrl
bwl breaks r the lck mechanism is aulty407, which is what has happened t us? Fr the past
cuple mnths, ever time we want t use the blender t make a shake 408 we liteally409 have t am-westle410 the mixing bwl just66 t get the blender t tun on411. It’s a real pain in the
butt 412. T imprve this, I wuld either nt design
have shes n that’s reall irritating. It’s irritating t me, anwa.
Briks. But even careull snipping 382 the crner desn’t prevent 37 spillage 383. I u rget t turn dwn the crners the carton379 when string it, there’s bound to be384 spillage 383 when putting it
And ne ther thing that I nticed that had a
in r taking it ut the idge385. There’s anther
bad design, I saw a phtgraph this and it was
Commentary: Listen t the llwing descriptin
excellent. I’ll tr t describe this. A bridge that lked directl twards… i u were standing
tpe carton379 made b the same cmpan that is used r the range juice that we nrmall bu at the supermarket. This diers rm the Tetra Brik in
n the bridge u culd lk directl west t the
that it has a scew-on cap386 n the tp. opening
graphs u’ve gt in rnt u, please?
setting sun 354 and the side the bridge has these cut-outs 355 that lk like three circles that ovelap356 in the middle, like a triskele 357 r smething, three circles that verlap in the middle. S, the wa… when the sun starts t go down358 it creates just117 a – sort o 29 – angle because the shape359 the cut-outs355 that the tp circle creates the
the cntainer is eas. All u have t d is unscrew the cap and pull ut a ring that acts as a seal 387.
Examinee: yes. Bth phtgraphs are ne
design n the bridge itsel, the part that u walk n, and the shadow360 shape elongates361 s that the tp circle desn’t lk like a circle it lks like a lng shat362. And the tw bttm circles cntinue t lk rund. S, what u get is a whle sidewalk 363 cvered with phallic smbls.
So a, so good 388. What rustrates me abut this
particular cntainer is that nce u nished the range juice there alwas seems t be sme let over389 inside and no matter390 hw u angle the
cntainer it never cmes ut. Reall, the nl wa t get it ut is b cutting the tp the cntainer with a knie. I think it has something to do with 391 the wa the cap386 is cnnected t the inside the caton379, which creates olds392 in
the papeboad371 that the juice sits in peventing 37 it rm fowing out393.
switches413.
■
19. PICT UrE DESCr IPTI ON
(2m13s)
the tw phtgraphs n p. 42. Examine: Culd u describe the tw pht-
persn. In the rst phtgraph a ung man is sitting n what app ears t be a tp a muntain. He’s alne; he’s lking awa rm the camera. He’s
carring a backpack 414 n his back which makes ne think that he’s prbabl climbed 415 the muntain. He’s lking dwn and cntemplating sme-
thing. In the secnd picture is a ung man holding416 a beer bttle, leaning against 417 a counter418 and next t him are several ther beer bttles. He’s smiling directl at the camera which gives ne the impressin that he’s nt alne althugh he
is the nl gure in the picture. He’s smiling and ver relaxed. It is clear that bth these pictures
Well, while there are loads o badl designed things that have rustrated me thoughout 365
Anther item368 used in the kitchen that rustrates me is plastic wap394, r as I like t call it, plastic crap 395. Everne knws that it cmes wrapped arund a cardbard tube that is pack-
m lietime, I’m gonna92 cus n a ew that have
aged in a cardbard bx. one the edges396
recentl made me wonder184, “Wh in the heck 366 designed this and what on eath 367 were the
the bx has a plastic r metal stip o teeth 397 that are suppsed t be used t cut the plastic wrap394 nce u’ve pulled it ut the cntaine r.
cise and apparentl less invlved with the ther persn wh must be there because smebd
18. Monologue 5 [US English]
(4m07s) 364
thinking when the did s?”
describe a pastime419 r a wa enjing lie r relaxatin. one them is drinking and apparentl
in cmpan and the ther is ding phsical exertk the picture. Examine: Hw d u let ur hai down420?
The majrit the items368 that mst rustrate
I’ve never had an luck with these things. I either
Examinee: Ah… I have tw avurite letting-
me are und in the kitchen. Let’s start with d packaging. I’m sure that everne at ne pint r
break the bx r end up wadding the plastic wrap up into a ball398 tring t tea it o 378 the
anther has had t pen sme sort6 oodstu 265 packaged b Tetra Pak. Nw, I dn’t have anthing persnal against this Swedish cmpan, in act, I think the revlutinized the d prcessing
rll. In the end I use twice399 as much as I need. I
hair-dwn mments. one is a cuple lng gin and tnics in a lounge421 watching the clouds422 dit 423 acrss the sk and the ther ne is lsing msel in a gd bk. Examine: Thank u ver much. ■
341 342 343 344
345 346
347 348 349 350
351 352 353 354
355 356 357
358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370
50
countetop – wrk surace idge – elevated line cack – issure, crevice bump – hump, bulge, lump,
reall dn’t knw hw this culd be imprved and recmmend just 66 staing awa rm the stu 400 .
The last badl designed appliance401 I have in 371 372 373
400
stoage – string, keeping, stckpil-
402
401
a brick –
prtuberance sink (n.) –
374
the actual countetop
375
– (alse riend ) the cuntertp 341 itsel pool – puddle to ot – putre gime – dirt, ilth, muck goss – (in this context ) repellent, repulsive disgusting – (alse riend ) repellent, repulsive to un down (run-ran-run) – lw dwn, descend to dip – all as drps, dribble the setting sun – the sun at sundwn/dusk, when the sun is near the hrin in the evening cut-out – silhuette, hle to ovelap – intercnnect tiskele – triskelin, smbl cnsisting three curved lines radiating rm a central pint to go down (g-went-gne) – set, descend t the hrin shape – rm, silhuette shadow – dark silhuette to elongate – lengthen, becme lnger shat – ple, rd, bar sidewalk (US English) – pavement ( UK English) loads o – a lt , lts thoughout – during (all ) heck – (minced oath) hell what on eath...? – (emphatic ) what...? item – bject, thing out o – , rm laye – cat, sheet
papeboad – thick paper oil – ver thin sheet metal used r wrapping d bick-shaped – having the rm
ing 376
to tea (tear-tre-trn) – rip hadly eve –rarel, seldm, almst
never 377 378
379
380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391
392
393 394 395 396 397 398 399
they claim to be – the sa the are to tea o (tear-tre-trn) – break
, rip caton – (alse riend /in this context ) Tetra Brik gaping – cavernus, enrmus counte – cuntertp, wrk surace to snip – cut with scissrs spillage – spilling, unintentinal verlwing thee’s bound to be – there will certainl be idge – rerigeratr scew-on cap – lid 207 that is attached b a rtating mvement seal – (in this context ) a wa clsing sth. hermeticall so a, so good – all that is ine/great to be let ove – be remaining no matte – irrespective to have something to do with (have-had-had) – be related t, be cnnected with old – pleat, rule, turn, dubled-ver sectin, verlap, crease to low out – run ut, ( in this context ) leave the cartn plastic wap (US English) – cling ilm 256 (UK English) cap – shit, rubbish, garbage edge – rim, side stip o teeth – serrated band to wad X up into a ball – accidentall rming a ball X twice – tw times, x2
403 404 405 406
407 408 409
410 411 412
413 414
415 416
417
418 419
420
421
422 423
the stu – (in this context ) the prduct, plastic wrap 394 (electical) appliance – small machine used at hme mixe and blende – combo – cmbinatin to shae – jintl use device – mechanism to be locked into place – be securel in psitin aulty – deective shake – (US English) milkshake liteally – (in this context /inormal ) practicall, virtuall to am-westle – (literally ) to tun on – activate itsel pain in the butt (US English) – nuisance243 switch – backpack – rucksack, knapsack to climb – ascend to hold (hld-held-held) – clasp, clutch, have in ne’s hand to lean against (lean-leant-leant) – rest n, prp nesel up n counte – bar, table pastime – leisure (= ree-time) activit to let one’s hai down – relax lounge – adjustable
and/r extendable sa cloud – to dit – lat
thinK in english
ISSUE 143
year Xi
i nx M’ Think
f f a t S
Publisher Agustín Buelta
Editor Nick Franklin
[email protected] Artistic Director Marina Carresi
Sub-Editor Nathan Burkiewicz
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