POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background
Introduction There are different kinds of waste materials generated from manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes. Environment awareness triggers the development of ways to reduce the effects contributed of the generated wastes. Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns in the world. With the scarcity of space for land filling and due to its ever increasing cost, waste utilization has become an attractive alternative to disposal. The study is being carried out on the utilization of waste products in concrete as a partial replacement of natural sand. The waste material used, scrap bones (specifically pig bones), in the research is predicted to be as comparable when replaced partially as fine aggregates in which typically, sand is being consumed. Though the research on the use of bones ( as fine aggregates) is not that popular, efforts have been made to explore its use in concrete especially in the making of light weight concrete. The development of new construction materials using pulverized pig bones is important to both the construction and the environmental sustainability study.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Background of the Study River sand is the main raw material used as fine aggregate in the production of concrete. As the natural sources of river sand are getting depleted gradually, it becomes essential and more significant to find out substitute material in concrete. At the same time the challenge for the civil engineers in the future is to understand the project with the concept of sustainable development. Using waste materials can help in the preservation of natural resources and is less harmful to the environment. Each of these waste products has provided a specific effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The use of waste products in concrete not only makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal problems. In Philippines, the use of recycled materials is continuously growing to help protect the environment. Along with this, the researchers tried to use pulverized scrap pig bones in the creation of lightweight concrete since this waste is common in the country. Aside from that, common wastes are recycled into a product that is essential in low cost construction.
Research Objectives General objectives:
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
To develop a concrete with pulverized pig bones as a partial replacement for fine aggregates that is as comparable to the conventional concrete in terms of compressive strength. Specific Objectives: 1. To identify the physical properties of the materials used. 2. To determine the compressive strength of the mixed proportion of pulverized pig bones. 3. To evaluate the workability of the concrete mixed with pulverized pig bones. Hypotheses of the Study: 1
The fine aggregates produced with partial replacement of pulverized pig bones will satisfy set of standards as indicated in ASTM C33/ C33M (Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates).
2
The compressive strength of the concrete with pulverized pig bones will be relatively close or equal to that of the conventional concrete.
3
The concrete produced with pulverized pig bones will be as workable as that of concrete which uses 100% sand as fine aggregates.
Significance of the Study
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
This study will be beneficial to our country, since one of the manufactured wastes is being used again for the making of less costly concrete. The end product –concrete, can be used in cost effective construction knowing that the use of the conventional materials tends to be expensive. Aside from that, civil engineers will look up to the idea of creating substitutes which not only help the environment but also aid in the promotion of more economical construction. Having the materials for construction more affordable, people will not worry on having comfortable building structures for commercial or residential purposes. Theoretical Framework of the Study:
Conceptual Framework of the Study:
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework Scope and Limitations
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FEEDBACK
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
The researchers only covered the testing of compressive strengths of lightweight concrete where pulverized pig bones is used as partial replacement to sand. The research is patterned to the study done by Funsho Falade, Efe Ikponmwosa, and Chris Fapohundan in year 2013 on Low-Cost Construction through the use of Pulverized Bone Foamed Aerated Concrete (PB-FAC). The cylinder used has diameter of 6 in., and height of 12 in. The researchers used scrap pig bones oven dried for 2 days under 100 ◦C, and pulverized to pass 4.75 mm sieve. The bones are obtained from the slaughterhouse located in Quezon City. Testing Center for the created product, Quantum Materials Testing And Laboratory Equipment, found in Mandaluyong City is accredited by DPWH. This study will not cover Splitting Strength test and water absorption capacity of the created concrete.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Definition of Terms a) AERATED CONCRETE- also known as autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC), autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC), autoclaved concrete, cellular concrete, porous concrete, Aircrete, Hebel Block, and Ytong is a lightweight, precast, Foam concrete building material invented in the mid-1920s. b) AGGREGATE – is a granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, and when used with cementing medium forms a hydraulic cement concrete or mortar. c) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH – is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed pushing forces. When the limit of the compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed. d.) CONCRETE – is a mixture of Portland cement or any other hydraulic cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water, with or without admixtures. e.) CONCRETE, Light Weight – is concrete containing only aggregate that conforms to ASTM C33. f.) CURING – is the process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a reasonable temperature range.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
g.) WORKABILITY- is one of the physical parameters of concrete which affects the strength and durability as well as the cost of labor and appearance of the finished product.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER II Literature Review
Introduction This section provides an overview of published research on different ways and techniques of replacing sand in concrete. The processes involved, technology, and techniques used to evaluate compressive strength of concrete are comprehensive as were as the publications that were vital to the improvement of this thesis. Foreign Literature TITLE:
Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber Particle as a Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregate in Concrete
RESEARCHERS: Prof. M. R. Wakchaure, Mr. Prashant A. Chavan SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: This study represents the effect of waste tyre crumb rubber particle of size passing through 1.18mm IS sieve and retained on 600µ IS sieve used in concrete on compressive, flexural and split tensile strength.
From the results obtained during investigation and based on literatures review following conclusions can be drawn: Higher content of waste tyre crumb rubber particle in concrete increases workability of concrete. Using waste tyre crumb rubber particle replaced to fine aggregate in concrete at 0.5% and 1.0%. It was observed that, there was no effect on compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete when compare with similar normal concrete mix. Using 9
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
waste tyre crumb rubber with 1.5% and 2.0% replacement affects
the hardened
concrete properties. The reduced strength was recovered by adding the glass fiber to the weight of cement by 0.4% for in concrete. Higher content of waste tyre crumb rubber produces the light weight concrete. SYNTHESIS: Further investigation is necessary to improve the hardened properties of rubber filled concrete, to gain the loss strength due to the use of waste tyre crumb rubber at higher content in concrete mix. The use of crumb rubber in concrete mix is very much beneficial to environmental concern and to solve the problem related to disposal of waste tyre rubber throughout the world.
TITLE:
Recycled glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in
structural concrete – Effects on compressive strength RESEARCHERS:
M. Adaway & Y. Wang
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The results obtained from compressive strength tests at both 7 and 28 days (Figures 3 and 4) appear to display inconsistent results. After 7 days of testing, compressive strength for the sample containing 20% glass aggregate replacement achieved a compressive strength 1.9% lower than sample containing 15% glass aggregate. Likewise, 28 day compressive strength for specimens containing 25%
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
waste glass was 3.5% lower than that measured for 20% glass replacement. It is noted that only 2 samples were tested at 28 days due to voids being present in the third sample due to insufficient vibration. All values of compressive strength obtained for the samples in question achieved higher compressive strength than the control. As such it is suggested that the discrepancies noted are due to variations in the properties of concrete specimens and as such do not diminish the validity of the identified trend. Further, the experimental results show unexpectedly high readings of compressive strength development by both the control and samples containing fine glass aggregate. For the control set, the test results indicated that 28 day compressive strength increased 37.7% above the design value of 40MPa. However, as can be seen in Table 5, the discrepancy of test results between samples containing the same percentage glass can be seen to be very small. After careful scrutiny, it was concluded that the increase in compressive strength was due to the high quality of cement rather than experimental or equipment errors. SYNTHESIS: The workability of concrete followed a decreasing trend with the addition of fine glass aggregate, due to the angular nature of the glass particles. Despite this trend, the concrete was deemed workable and was within the specified tolerance intervals. Compressive strength was found to increase with the addition of waste glass to the mix up until the optimum level of replacement. This can be attributed to the angular nature of the glass particles facilitating increased bonding with the cement paste.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE
Utilization of Copper Slag as a Partial
Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete RESEARCHERS: D. BRINDHA and S. NAGAN SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Due to usage of copper slag, the density of concrete has increased by 6-7% for different sand or slag ratios. This is probably due to the higher specific gravity of copper slag (3.68). There is significant increase in the compressive strength of concrete due to the addition of slag in suitable proportions up to an optimum percentage by weight of sand. The compressive strength has increased to a maximum of 35% with 40% replacement of sand by slag. The compressive strength decreases slightly for 50% addition of slag, however the compressive strength value is still greater than the case of using ordinary sand as fine aggregate. Up to 40% slag addition the tensile strength has increased at an amount of 90% and thereafter it receded slightly at 50% slag addition. Leaching experiments were carried out to determine the level of copper and copper released from the slag in various solutions. The results obtained from leaching experiments revealed that no substance seemed as toxic has leached or soluble above the limits set by the standards. Therefore the use of copper slag as a construction raw material neither imposes risks to the humankind nor to the environment. Therefore it can be used as a construction raw material.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SYNTHESIS: The workability of concrete followed a decreasing trend with the addition of fine glass aggregate, due to the angular nature of the glass particles. Despite this trend, the concrete was deemed workable and was within the specified tolerance intervals. Compressive strength was found to increase with the addition of waste glass to the mix up until the optimum level of replacement. This can be attributed to the angular nature of the glass particles facilitating increased bonding with the cement paste. TITLE
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Fine
Aggregate with Waste Material from China Clay Industries RESEARCHERS:
D. BRINDHA and S. NAGAN
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: It is found that the water quantity, cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate required for design mix of M30 were calculated based on the procedure given in IS code method in IS :2009. The final mix ratio was 1:1.462:2.695 with water cement ratio of 0.44. The measurement of materials was done by weight using electronic weighing machine. Water was measured in volume. Concrete was placed in molds in layers. The cast specimens were removed from moulds after 24 hours and the specimens were kept for water curing.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
It is found that the compressive strength of the control concrete was 31.5 N/mm. The compressive
strength was found to be maximum at 30% (37.5N/mm 2)
replacement of fine aggregate by industrial waste which was greater than the conventional concrete. The compressive strength reduced beyond 30% replacement. Thus it is evident that fine aggregate can be replaced by the waste material from china clay industries up to 30%. Similarly the split tensile strength and flexural strength was also found to be maximum at 30% (3.85N/mm2 and 5.74 N/mm 2) replacement which was greater than theconventional concrete (3.35N/mm2 and 5.32N/mm2) SYNTHESIS: From the results of experimental investigations conducted it is concluded that the waste material from china clay industries can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 30% replacement of fine aggregate by industrial waste give maximum result in strength and quality aspects than the conventional concrete. The results proved that the replacement of 30% of fine aggregate by the industrial waste induced higher compressive strength, higher split tensile strength and higher flexural strength. Thus the environmental effects from industrial waste can be significantly reduced. Also the cost of fine aggregate can be reduced a lot by the replacement of this waste material from china clay industries.
Local Literature TITLE: “RECYCLED BROKEN GLASS AS SUBSTITUTE FOR COARSE
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
AGGREGATE TOWARDS DESIGNING A CONCRETE MIXTURE”
RESEARCHERS: MELBORNE M. BOSTON, FELIX B. CERDA and RICHARD S. USI
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
Based upon the results of the compressive test, the broken glass aggregate gradually diminished as the percentage of the broken glass increases. A five (5) percent inclusion of broken glass to the concrete mixture gives a compressive strength that complies with the standard compressive strength for wall panel and gives a higher compressive strength than the sample concrete without broken glass. The laboratory trial batches are used as the basis for selecting concrete proportion and compressive strength test are made in accordance with Method of Tests of Compressive Strength Tests (ASTM C-39 93a) on cylinders prepared in accordance with method of making curing tests specimen in the laboratory (ASTM C-192 93a). The findings showed that broken glass can be use more than 15% weight of coarse aggregates in preparation in concrete mixes.
Alternative materials referred to, as a broken glass can be use 10% weight of coarse aggregates in preparation in concrete mixes. This showed that the required
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
compressive strength satisfied as indicated on the tests results from DPWH-NCR. The effect of broken glass to the concrete mixture is that an increase of more than five percent insertion by weight to the concrete mixture compromises the compressive strength of the concrete. Therefore a mix design of five percent weight insertion to the concrete mixture gives a desirable result in terms of its compressive strength.
SYNTHESIS:
Broken glass is also a waste material like animal bones which are laboratory tested that can substitute to a percentage of fine aggregates. On the other hand broken glasses increases the weight of concrete mixture which directly proportional to what animal bones do.
TITLE: “The Possibility of using Sawdust-Cement- Gravel Mix forResidential Floor Slabs”
RESEARCHERS: MELBORNE M. BOSTON, FELIX B. CERDA and RICHARD S. USI
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
The whole of the project tries to implicate that sawdust-cement-gravel mix has an equal advantage than the standard mix of cement-sand-gravel. The first set of three samples consists of the sawdust-cement-gravel mix, the second set of the ordinary concrete mix. The seven day specimen was not cured, the fourteen day specimen was soaked, and the twenty-eight day specimen was washed with a little bit of water every morning. After each curing period assigned, each group was tested under a hydraulic press machine for compressive strength test. The results of each period presented many peculiar findings The seven day specimen, which was not cured at all, showed a high early strength yield. The fourteen day specimen, soaked in water, was lower by 100 kg/cm3 or 1,419.4 psi. The last sample, cured every morning with water, stabled at about 220 kg/cm3 or 3122.68 psi. Results indicated that the average strength of the sawdust-cement-gravel mix was about 3000 psi. This, according to NSCP standards is between 2500 psi – 3000 psi, is still in accordance with minimum safety standards. Further analysis tells us that during the hydration process of concrete, the water taken in by the sawdust particles during mixing help hydrate cement particles in places where it is impossible to cure, mainly the center. Since found that the hydration of the center of structural components like columns take most of the time in construction, sawdust particles might help lessen curing time in half and could also eliminate the need to using chemicals to cure. Henceforth, proves that sawdust can be used in concrete mixes for residential floor slabs. With regards to the weight of the two sets
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
of samples, an equally small amount of each was made and weighed. The results were dramatic since the sawdust-cement-gravel mixture was almost half of the standard mix’s weight then again proving its lightweight property. Another observation was that every sample tested to its failing point showed wood fiber bonding at work. Faces of the sample that were supposed to fall off once cracked didn’t, instead were being held together by strands of sawdust. To make it short, rather than splitting apart like usual, it just bulked up making it a remarkable feat for a manmade object that rigid. This could prove helpful during structural collapses since concrete tend to fall right off in an event of a major crack occurring. Using sawdust rather than sand has its advantages, among these advantages were mentioned in recent studies. These included: sound insulation and reduction of about -14 dB.
SYNTHESIS:
Using sawdust as partial replacement to fine aggregates decreases dramatically the weight of the concrete more than the use of animal bones. Sawdust also helps the curing of concrete lessen because it absorbs water and take it to the middle part wherein most it is impossible to cure helping for us not to use chemicals and also sawdust can be used to insulate sounds having it a bit of advantage to animal bones
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE: “UTILIZATION OF THERMOPLASTIC AS A SUBSTITUTE TO FINE AGGREGATE TO CONCRETE CEMENT FOR ROW HOUSE WALL PANEL”
RESEARCHERS: ROCHELLE M. ERFE, MICHAEL VINCENT V. VALITE and JESUS B. TONGA
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The experimental procedure done on the experiment was found to be adequate in terms of testing the material, thermoplastic, since all the experiment done is applicable for the concrete mixture test. Thermoplastic as a substitute to fine aggregate to concrete mixture has shown unusual characteristic upon accumulation of water in the mixture for the material had floated on the surface of the water, nevertheless, upon the completion of mixing the material has suitably bonded to the mixture. In the analysis of its grain particle, in comparison to sand, which is one of the major components of concrete mixture, thermoplastic, imply significant lightness in terms of its mass evaluation. Overall, the effect of the thermoplastic on the properties of the specimen was acceptable. The thermoplastic material substituting the 5% of sand, the fine aggregate of mixture managed to attain the required strength in accordance with ASTM standard C62 – 97 specification of wall panel, which is 2500 psi (17.24 MPa). On its 28th day the specimen with the thermoplastic fine aggregate attain at least 19 MPa
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
average for both of the tested specimen, which exceeded that of the design specification. Although much to the expectation in flexural strength which failed on the 28th days curing, the research is still looking on the strength of compressive strength which is the more important characteristic of the concrete. In terms of heat and temperature of the thermoplastic, it is concluded that with an increase in the stretching temperature up to a definite limit (170°C) the tensile strength of PETP and other fibers from crystalline polymers increases. However, at higher temperatures (230°C) the strength diminishes. This is evidently due to a reduction in the density of the intercrystallite regions of the fibrils, in which there is greater probability of polymer failure originating. Such behavior of fiber made from PETP at elevated stretching temperatures is evidently associated both with the polymer structure and with its low molecular weight.
SYNTHESIS:
Thermoplastic like the animal bones as partial replacement for fine aggregates significantly decreases the weight of the concrete mixture. Meanwhile as the animal bones struggle to attain minimum required compressive strength in 28 days the thermoplastic exceeded the minimum design requirement.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE: “ Assessment of Standard Concrete Using Recycled Concrete and Quarry Dust as Alternative Aggregates” RESEARCHERS: Christian A. Alimurong ,John Christian P. Sotto and Jhomar P. Tabernilla SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
This chapter presents the major conclusions based on the results of the study. Among the three percentage replacements (10 percent, 30 percent and 50 percent), A Sample had the highest compressive strength on the 8th day with 30 percent replacement. Meanwhile, A sample attained its highest compressive strength on the 30thday with 10 percent replacement of recycled concrete and quarry dust. The desired compressive strength of the researchers was 3000psi and the highest strength acquired among the samples was 3669psi. During the actual mixing, the researchers observed that when the percentage replacement increased, the amount of water needed for the concrete mix to make it workable also increased. This is because of the additional water absorption of the recycled concrete and quarry dust. More water in the mixture means less compressive strength for the concrete. The recycled concrete came from a concrete pavement with a compressive strength of 3500psi which became a factor that resulted to a higher compressive strength compared to the desired compressive strength of 3000psi in the computation. Appendix A shows that
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
as the percentage replacement of recycled concrete and quarry dust increased, the cost of concrete mixture decreased. From the results on its 23rd day of age before reaching its maximum strength in the 28th day, the samples reached 3000 psi, and also the objectives are achieved in the study.
SYNTHESIS:
Making use of recycled concrete and quarry dust as partial replacement for making it attain more strength and in a few days earlier than the days required to cure but it in mixing it, it is needed to add more water because of the absorption of the dust. Using this dust as partial replacement for fine aggregates makes can is more practical than using animal bones in strength is the one to look for.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER III Research Methodology
Introduction Researchers will design and perform experiments and various testing to verify if speculations on the partial replacement of fine aggregates by pulverized pig bones are possible or not. The results will be interpreted as these are crucial in the realization of the project.
Research Design The experimental method is used in this research. This kind of research design use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally, one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable. In this
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
project, the independent variable is the mixture types and the dependent variables are compressive strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. The experiment’s control set-up is the specimen having 1:3:6 parts proportion of cement-sand-gravel setup. According to their respective ages, there will be three trials per mix intended for the compressive test. Compressive strengths of concrete will be obtained from a quality testing center certified by the DPWH.
Experimental Setup The research aims to evaluate the compressive strengths of concrete under different mix ratios. After oven-drying all the materials needed for the concrete production, except for the cement, the researcher did the mechanical sieve to conform to the maximum size of the coarse and fine aggregates. Concrete mixing was conducted in batching plant.
a) Preparation of Concrete Cylinders Molds come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the testing establishment. In this project 150mm mold size is chosen. The completed cylinders are then initially cured at the site for the first 48 hours and were demolded and placed in a curing tank.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Fig. Concrete Cylinders in Molds
START
Control (No PB)
Control
(No PB)
Mix 1 20%
Mix 2 15%PB
Mix 3 10% PB
ASTM C33/ C33M
Attain the strength? YES
NO
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
b) Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Samples Nine (9) cylindrical samples will be tested for Compression. Three (3) samples of cylinder will be obtained for each mixture types. Each three samples shall be tested after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of curing period. Compression Test using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) will be used. The results obtained will be averaged to get the mean compressive strength as indicated in the following tables: Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 90% sand, 10% pulverized PB) Compressive Strengths (MPA) Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Mean Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 85% sand, 15% pulverized PB) 26
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Compressive Strengths (MPA) Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Mean Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB) Compressive Strengths (MPA) Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Mean Specimen Details A total of 36 concrete specimens will be used for this research. These specimens will be classified into three, according to amount of pulverized pig bones used as a replacement for fine aggregates: 10%PB, 15%PB, and 20%PB. The control specimen will be of ¼ bag of Cement, ¾ bag of Sand and 1 ½ bag of Gravel. Specimens under 1 st Mixture (10% replacement) will be of ¼ bag of Cement, 27/40 bag of Sand, 3/40 bag of 27
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Pig Bones, and 1 ½ bag of Gravel. Specimens under 2 nd Mixture (15% replacement) will have ¼ bag of Cement, 51/80 bag of Sand, 9/80 bag of Pig Bones and 1 ½ bag of Gravel. The specimens under 3rd Mixture (20% replacement) will have ¼ bag of Cement, 3/5 bag of Sand, 3/20 bag of Pig Bones and 1 ½ bag of Gravel. Materials Used: a) Pulverized Pig bones – 8.2 kg. of dried and crushed pig bones b) Water - enough amount of water to make a true slump c) Cement - single brand of Portland Cement conforming to the ASTM Standard Specifications for Portland Cement, Type I cement (1 Bag of
Cement) d) Sand - washed sand, clean, sound, sharp, screened and well graded with no grain larger than will pass a No. 4 sieve. No less than 15 percent nor more than 30 percent by weight shall pass a No. 50 sieve. - (3 Bags of Sand)
e) Gravel – washed, hard, tough and durable screened gravel or crushed stone having not more than 5% by weight of deleterious substances and soft fragments, well graded from the largest which shall pass a 1 inch mesh to the smallest which shall pass a 3/8 inch mesh and be retained by a ¼ inch mesh.
- (6 bags of gravel) List of Equipment:
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
a) Oven Dry – 2 days (100 degree Celsius)-used to eliminate excess b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)
moist in of the bone. Weighing scale- used in determining the mass. Shovel-used for missing bulk materials. Trowel-used for mixing paste being put in each mold. Container-used to cater amount of the ingredients needed. Jaw crusher-used for breaking particle due to compression force. Roller crusher-used for crushing the bones. No. 12 sieve- 1.68 mm opening. Cylinder (d= 6 in., h= 12 in.)-molder of cement.
Details of Mixes: Strength of Mixture - 2000 PSI The Controlled Mixture: Controlled Setup (1 part cement, 3.0 part sand and no Pulverized PB) The Treatment Mixtures: Mixture A (1 part cement, 2.7 part sand and 0.3 Pulverized PB) Mixture B (1 part cement, 2.55 part sand and 0.45 Pulverized PB) Mixture C (1 part cement, 2.4 part sand and 0.6 Pulverized PB)
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Introduction This chapter is made up of results obtained from the experiment performed by the researchers. It presents the results in a graphical format for clarity of data and to be able to clearly see the differences and similarities of the results as well as making proper interpretations. This chapter also discusses and analyzes some possible factors that may have affected the result. Physical Properties of Materials Used Mineral Binder
The mineral binder in the experiment was classified as high initial strength Portland cement. Cement type was employed to allow faster demolding owing high strength during the first days, to its wide usage in the precast industry and to its better tolerance to plant particles. (MACEDO et al., 2011)
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL ASSAYS Test
Nbr
Unit
Results
Nbr 5733/91 Specification
Loss By Fire-Lf
5743/89
%
3.21
Magnesium
9203/55
%
2.68
Sulfuric Anhydride
5745/92
%
3.60
Insoluble Residue
5347/92
%
1.22
Equivalent Alkalis
-
%
0.68
NOT APPLICABLE
7227/90
%
1.44
NOT APPLICABLE
Results
Nbr 5733/91
Oxide-
Mgo
Free Calcium Oxide
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL ASSAYS Test
Nbr
Unit
Specification Specific Area
7224/96
Specific Gravity
6474/84
NOT APPLICABLE
-
NOT APPLICABLE
Density Finess Residue
11579/91
Finess Residue
11579/91
NOT APPLICABLE
Water
11580/91
NOT APPLICABLE
Normal
Consistency Paste Start Of Hardening
11581/91
Time End Of Hardening
11581/91
Time Hot Expandabilty
11582/91
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Fig Properties of Portland Cement according to Moreira et al.
Pulverized Pig Bones Pulverized Pig Bones is oven dried for 2 days under 100 ◦C, and pulverized to pass 1.68 mm sieve. The obtained product are smooth, not perfectly round but is comparative to sand. The specific gravity of dried pig bones is 1.2 according to MATEST laboratory. Sand The sand used in the testing classified as silica sand acquired from hardware located along Mandaluyong. Sand was characterized to be silica sand and quartz sand. It was bought in plastic sands and oven dried for 24 hours at 90◦C for decontamination and subsequently classified according to the size of its particles and sieved in mesh #4.0.The material was characterized as fine aggregates by granular size through sieve analysis. It is grayish in color and powdery in texture. Its specific gravity is 1.60 and density is 1601.846 kg/cu.m. Conventionally, common quartz sand establishes same properties to silica sand. Properties of Silica Sand aggregate Property
Conventional Quartz Sand Aggregate
Particle Size (mm)
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Size Distribution
0.15 TO 0.40
D90
2.0
D50
0.40
D10
0.15
Density Real
2.6
Apparent
1.6
Particle Shape
ROUNDED TO SUB ROUNDED
Color
GRAYISH
Mineralogical Composition
QUART- SIO29 (MAJOR MINERAL PHASE)
Elemental Composition Si
63.7
Fe
1.0
Al
1.7
Mn
0.003
Ca
4
K
3.2
Water Water used is tap water. The water is provided in the batching site where the sample concrete cylinders are made. It is definitely colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Having a density of 1 g/cm3 and boils at 100 degree Celsius, freezes at 0 degree Celsius.
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Sieve Analysis The Pulverized Pig bones are allowed to pass through different sieves and the fineness modulus is obtained.
Table Sieve Analysis Results for Pulverized Pig Bones
Sieve No
Quantity
Quantity passed
Percent Retained
Percent Passed
(Kg)
(Kg)
(%)
(%)
4
8.2
7.9
3.66
96.34
200
7.9
7.5
5.06
94.94
Pan
7.5
0
100
0
Data Analysis Procedure Using the formula :
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sieve sieve %usable= quantity passed (¿4)−quantitypassed(¿200) 100 initial quantity
The percent retained in the pan which is considered to be a waste is low enough and the experiment is highly economical.
Design Mixture The researchers come up to their design mix ratio for the design strength of 2000 psi, under Class C (1:3:6). The Controlled Mixture: Controlled Setup (1 part cement, 3.0 part sand and no Pulverized PB) The Treatment Mixtures: Mixture A (1 part cement, 2.7 part sand and 0.3 Pulverized PB) Mixture B (1 part cement, 2.55 part sand and 0.45 Pulverized PB) Mixture C (1 part cement, 2.4 part sand and 0.6 Pulverized PB) Table 4.2.1 Distribution of Concrete Components per Mixture Types
Mixture Types
Cement-Sand-Pulverized Pig Bones Mixture Cement Sand Pulverized PB Part/s per
Amount per
Part/s per
Amount per mixture(%)
Part/s per
Amount per mixture(%)
Gravel Part/s per
Amount per mixture(%)
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Controlled Setup Mixture A Mixture B Mixture C
mixture
mixture (%)
mixture
mixture
mixture
1
100
3
100
0
0
6
100
1 1 1
100 100 100
2.7 2.55 2.4
90 85 80
0.3 0.45 0.6
5 10 20
6 6 6
100 100 100
Below is the table showing the age, strength percentage, and the design strength of light weight concretes.
Compressive Strength Test There are nine (9) cylindrical concrete samples Class A with 2000 psi design strength for each designed mix proportions. The pulverized pig bones partially replaced sand in different percentages. Ordinary
Portland cement and mix design method of ACI
Committee had been used for mix design. . One sample per mix ratio is tested after 7 and 14 days to evaluate what mix design yields the highest compressive strength. For analysis of the cylinders recommendation of the ASTM Standard C39 had been followed. Table 4 Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 90% sand, 10% pulverized PB) Compressive Strengths (MPA)
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Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1
1060
1640
2063
Specimen 2
1102
1743
2088
Specimen 3
1291
1735
2126
Mean
1151
1706
2092.33333
Table shows the equivalent Compressive Strength Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 90% sand, 10% pulverized PB). The highest compressive strength is 2126 MPA obtained by Specimen 3 on the 28 th day. The lowest compressive strength is 1060 obtained by Specimen 1 on the 7th day.
Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 85% sand, 15% pulverized PB) Compressive Strengths (MPA) Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1
1220
1653
2067
Specimen 2
1202
1740
2280
Specimen 3
1044
1774
2040
Mean
1155.33333
1722.33333
2129
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Table shows the equivalent Compressive Strength Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 85% sand, 15% pulverized PB). The highest compressive strength is 2280MPA obtained by Specimen 2 on the 28th day. The lowest compressive strength is 1044 obtained by Specimen 3 on the 7th day. Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB) Compressive Strengths (MPA) Specimen
7th day
14th day
28th day
Specimen 1
1363
1698
2298
Specimen 2
1450
1779
2257
Specimen 3
1624
1690
2018
Mean
1479
1722.33333
2191
Table shows the equivalent Compressive Strength Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB). The highest compressive strength is 2298 MPA obtained by Specimen 1 on the 28th day. The lowest compressive strength is 1363 obtained by Specimen 1 on the 7th day. 4.1
Compressive Strength Test Result 38
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Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB) 20%
15%
10%
Trial A
1698
1653
1640
Trial B
1779
1740
1743
Trial C
1690
1774
1735
Figure shows the results of compressive strength of each mixes for 8 days. The highest strength achieved is from Trial 3 which is 1624 psi for 8 days curing and the lowest is from Trial 1 which is 1060 psi.
Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB)
Trial A
20%
15%
10%
1698
1653
1640 39
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Trial B
1779
1740
1743
Trial C
1690
1774
1735
Table shows the results of compressive strength of each mixes for 14 days. The highest strength achieved is from Trial 2 which is 1779 psi for 14 days curing and the lowest is from Trial 1 which is 1640 psi.
Table Compressive Strengths after 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days (100% cement, 80% sand, 20% pulverized PB) 20%
15%
10%
Trial A
2298
2067
2063
Trial B
2257
2280
2088
Trial C
2018
2040
2126
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The table above shows the results of compressive strength of each mixes for 28 days. The highest strength achieved is from Trial 1 which is 2298 psi for 28 days curing and the lowest is from Trial 3 which is 2018 psi.
CHAPTER V Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations Introduction In this chapter, the summary of the entire study is presented concisely. Conclusions are stated along with its justifications that are based on chapter four. Recommendations are also suggested to further enhance the scope of this study. Summary of Findings
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This study focuses on the compressive strength of concrete which uses pulverized pig bones as a partial replacement to sand in fine aggregates in comparison to the standard compressive strength of concrete which solely uses sand as fine aggregate. Research on the proper size and number of materials had been conducted. Nine cylindrical samples of 150 mm diameter x 300 mm were purposely chosen for the experiment. The type of cement used was Class C Portland cement with a design mix ratio of 1:3:6. The strength testing was scheduled on the first seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days after the mixing, in which the forms were removed after 48 hours and the samples were exposed to air for another 2 hours, as prescribed by the code. In the project, 8 th day is taken instead of 7th day, and 13th day is taken instead of 14th day. Testing laboratories were chosen MATEST Laboratory Service INC in Quezon City and QUANTUM Materials Testing and Inspection Corporation in Mandaluyong City. The tests were conducted by their personnel. The results of the compressive strength tests showed that highest compressive strength of 2298 psi during 28 days of curing with a ratio of 20% pulverized & PB 80% while the lowest 1060 psi during the 7 days of curing with a ratio 90% sand and 10% pulverized PB. Conclusions The researchers, after proper experimentation and gathering of data concluded that:
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1. Pulverized Pig bones is a good partial substitute to sand and it is as comparable to the conventional concrete and also cost effective. 2. Pulverized Pig bones can be a partial replacement to fine aggregates in greater percentage of replacement. Since the highest compressive strength is obtained on a mix of 20% pulverized pig bones during 28 days, meanwhile the lowest 1060 psi is on mix 10% pulverized PB during 7 days curing process. 3. The concrete with pulverized pig bones is created according to ASTM C33/ C33M ( Standard Specification For Concrete Aggregates). Which means that proper procedure is done to be able to come up to desired product.
Recommendations Based on the drawn conclusions, the following are the recommendations: 1. This study recommends the use of pulverized pig bones as a partial replacement to sand in concrete. 2. The study can be extended to assess the durability aspects of the concrete with varying replacement proportions.
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3. Future researchers must expose the specimen to proper period curing days to determine compressive strengths properly. Also, sticking to the provisions in ASTM C33/ C33M ( Standard Specification For Concrete Aggregates).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books: Fernando Pacheco-Torgal, Vivian Tam,et al. (2013): Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste.
IvanaKesegic, IvanaNetinger, DubravkaBjegovic (March 2009),Gradevinar, Vol. 61No. 01, Use of recycled brick as concrete aggregate.
Ebooks: Chong, W. K . and Hermwreck C., (2010)Understanding transportation energy and technical metabolism of construction waste recycling.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Texas department of transportation (2004), Texas Department of transportation Materials Requirements. Zakaria M. (1999), Strength and Elasticity of Material
Williams J., (1996) Highways and Conservation, Transport & Road Research and Laboratory (1981), Use of Marginal Aggregates in Construction Research:
Aggarwal.P, Aggarwal.Y, Gupta.S.M [2007] “Effect of bottom ash as replacement of fine aggregate in concrete”, Asian journal of civil engineering [Building and housing] Vol.8, No.1, PP.49-62.
BRINDHA D. and NAGAN S. (2010), Utilization of Copper Slag as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete.
Selvamony, S., Kannan, U., et al. (2012), Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Waste Material from China Clay Industries.
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Wakchaure, (2013), Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber Particle as A Partial Replacement to
Fine Aggregate in Concrete.
APPENDIX 1 ASTM C33/C33M
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1. Scope 1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete. 1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished. NOTE 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof. 1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
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APPENDIX 2 DESIGN STRENGTH AT 28 DAYS
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AGE (DAYS) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
PERCENT (%) 18 38 49 57 63 68 71 74 77 79 81 83 85 87 88 88.5 90 91.5 93 94 95 96 97 97.5 98 99 99.5 100
2000 (PSI) 360 760 980 1140 1260 1360 1420 1480 1540 1580 1620 1660 1700 1740 1760 1770 1800 1830 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1950 1960 1980 1990 2000
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APPENDIX 3 TEST RESULTS
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APPENDIX 4 ACTION PICTURES
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APPENDIX 5 CURRICULUM VITAE
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ANDAYA, PATRICK IAN BAYTA 2908 F. Manalo St., Punta, Sta. Ana, Manila Contact Number/s: 09307553101 Email Address: Provincial Address: Mangilag Sur, Candelaria, Quezon PERSONAL INFORMATION Age Date of Birth Place of Birth Civil Status Nationality Religion Name of Father Name of Mother
: : : : : : : :
19 years old April 27, 1995 Candelaria, Quezon Single Filipino Iglesia Ni Cristo Normandy R. Andaya Rowena B. Andaya
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary
:
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Sta. Mesa, Manila 2011 – present
Secondary
:
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Candelaria Inc. Candelaria, Quezon June 2007 – March 2011
Primary
:
Bukal Sur Elementary School Bukal Sur, Candelaria, Quezon June 2001 – March 2007
TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED CIVIL ENGINEERING CONGRESS 2013 67
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CEA-AVR, Anonas St. cor Pureza St., Sta. Mesa, Manila September 27, 2013 CE Talk 2011 UP Film Institute, UP Diliman, Quezon City 2011 PICE LECTURE SERIES (PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS – PUP STUDENT CHAPTER IN PARTNERSHIP WITH MICROCADD) PUP-College of Engineering and Architecture September 13, 2011 AFFILIATION Member Junior Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers – Manila Chapter 2011 – present Member Christian Brotherhood International 2011 – present CHARACTER REFERENCE Engr. Nestor Concepcion Municipal Assessor Candelaria, Quezon 09494236849 I hereby declare under the penalties of perjury that the information printed above has been accomplished in good faith.
PATRICK IAN B. ANDAYA
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PALARAN, HAZEL KAREN LEONA #82 Branches Ext. Mendoza Village Proj. 8 Quezon City Contact Number/s: 09367256740 Email Address:
[email protected] Provincial Address: F. Magallanes Masbate City
PERSONAL INFORMATION Age Date of Birth Place of Birth Civil Status Nationality Religion Name of Father Name of Mother
: : : : : : : :
21 years old September 15, 1994 Masbate City Single Filipino Roman Catholic Nonito B. Palaran Thelma L. Palaran
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary
Secondary
:
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Sta. Mesa, Manila 2011 – Present :
Masbate National Comprehensive High School Science and Technology Oriented Curriculum (STOC) 3rd Special Mention Quezon St. Masbate City June 2007 – March 2011
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Primary
: Elem. School
Jose Zurbito Sr. Quezon
St.
Masbate City June 2001 – March 2007 TRAININGS
and
SEMINARS CIVIL
ATTENDED ENGINEERING
CONGRESS 2013 CEA-AVR, Pureza St., Sta. Mesa, Manila September 27, 2013
Anonas
St.
cor
CE Talk 2011 UP Film Institute, UP Diliman, Quezon City 2011 PICE LECTURE SERIES (PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS – PUP STUDENT CHAPTER IN PARTNERSHIP WITH MICROCADD) PUP-College of Engineering and Architecture September 13, 2011 AFFILIATION Member Junior Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers – Manila Chapter 2011 – present CHARACTER REFERENCE Alberto C. Cañete, P.P., F. ASEP Professor, College of Engineering Polytechnic University of the Philippines 09066289912
I hereby declare under the penalties of perjury that the information printed above has been accomplished in good faith.
Hazel Karen L. Palaran
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SARDEA, JUSTINE ANTHONY C. 1880 Visayan Ave. Balic-Balic, Sampaloc, Manila Contact Number: 09268456485 Email Address:
[email protected] Provincial Address: St. Dominic Comp. Brgy. Polo Mauban, Quezon PERSONAL INFORMATION Age : Date of Birth : Place of Birth : Civil Status : Nationality : Religion : Name of Father : Name of Mother :
21 years old March 20, 1994 Mauban, Quezon Single Filipino Roman Catholic Antonio J. Sardea Mylene C. Sardea
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary
:
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Sta. Mesa, Manila 2011 – present
Secondary
:
Dr. Maria D. Pastrana High School (Mauban-Science Oriented High School) June 2007 – March 2011
Primary
:
Mauban South Central Elementary School Brgy. Rizaliana June 2001 – March 2007
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PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Certified Member of PICE (Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers) PUP Chapter
Computer Literate (MS Word)
Can also do CAD (Computer-Aided Design) related works
TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED CE Congress 2013 PUP College of Engineering and Architecture Bldg., Sta. Mesa, Manila National Civil Engineering Symposium 2014 Villamor Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete 2015 Bonifacio Hall, PUP Mabini Campus, Sta. Mesa, Manila AFFILIATION Member Junior Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers – Manila Chapter 2013 – present CERTIFICATION
Civil Service Career (Professional) Passer 2013 Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (Philippines) 2012 Eagle Scout Rank (Boy Scout of the Philippines)2010
CHARACTER REFERENCE Engr. Nicolas Geotina University Professor (PUP, Sta Mesa) 09155082211 I hereby declare under the penalties of perjury that the information printed above has been accomplished in good faith.
Justine Anthony C. Sardea
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ZUNIGA, ALBERT NARESIMA 09358996651
[email protected] PERSONAL INFORMATION Age Date of Birth Place of Birth Civil Status Nationality Religion Name of Father Name of Mother
: 20 years old : January 29, 1995 : Quezon City : Single : Filipino : Roman Catholic : Alfred N. Zuñiga : Esmeralda N. Zuñiga
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
:
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Sta. Mesa, Manila 2011 – present : Holy Spirit National High School Holy Spirit, Quezon City 2007-2011 : Doña Juana Elementary School Holy Spirit, Quezon City 1993 – 1999
TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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CE Congress 2013 PUP College of Engineering and Architecture Bldg., Sta. Mesa, Manila National Civil Engineering Symposium 2014 Villamor Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete 2015 Bonifacio Hall, PUP Mabini Campus, Sta. Mesa, Manila
AFFILIATION Member Junior Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers – Manila Chapter 2013 – present
CHARACTER REFERENCE Engr. Nicolas Geotina University Professor (PUP, Sta Mesa) 09155082211
I hereby declare under the penalties of perjury that the information printed above has been accomplished in good faith.
ALBERT N. ZUNIGA
74