M A'ER'aL D r O gram
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Th e Marina C i t y t o w e r s c r e a t e a f lu te d a ffe ct b y visu a lly u n ifyin gtwo program s w i t h v e r y d i f f e r e n t or g a n iza tio n s:slo p e d p a r kin g r a m p s and fl at apart m e n t f l o o r s "T h e s p i r a l flo o r s o f th e p a r kin g p r o g r a m b e low , th e projec t i n gb a l c o n i e so f t h e r a d ia l a p a r tm e n ts a b o ve ,a n d a co n s i stent st ruc t ure o f f l u t e d a r c h e s f o r bo th p r o g r a m s a r e co m b in e dto co n struct th e af f ec t o f a l a r g e , f l u t e d c o l u m n .
Apartments L evels21-6 1
F la t flo o r pl ate w i th flu te d p eri meter
Pa rk ing L ev els 1-19
Sp ir a l flo or pl ate w i th cir cu la r peri meter
ARCHITECT
Be r tr a n d Go ld b e r g
i'
D A rE :Locai l oN 1961 i C hi cago,U S
;01
Th e f lut ed pro f i l e p e r f o r m s s t r u ctu r a lly a s a t apered a r c h t h a t s u p p o r t s th e ca n tile ve r of the apart m e n t t e r r a c e
Gl azi ngi nset to pri ori ti zethe fl uti ng of the fl oor ^Pr l ^d+^ ^ r sJ
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exteri or i mage
/t S tructural col umn at i nteri or apex of fl uted profi l e
R adi alparti ti on w al l betw een apartments
l
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22123
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T he Caps u l eH o t e l u s e s t h e pr o g r a m m a tic u n its of t he hot e l t o c r e a t e a n a g g re g a te da ffe ct. Ro o m s are des ign e da s c a p s u l e sd i m e n sio n e dto fit with in a regulat in gm o d u l e t h a t a l l o ws fo r d iffe r e n t conf igura t i o n so f c a p s u l e sa r o u n d th e ce n tr a l co r e , g enerat in ga t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a lco m p o sitio no f e lem ent s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e st o th e d yn a m ic a g g r e g a tio n o f t he who l e .
rearentry
The s leepi n gc a p s u l e sc o m e i n fo u r co n fig u r a tio n s - t wo rear - e n t r y a n d t w o s i de - e n tr ytyp e s whic h c an b e a t t a c h e dt o t h e co r e in d iffe r e n t o rient at io n s ,s t a g g e r e dw i t h a o n e - th ir d o r two thirds of f s e t i n p l a n . T h e c a p su le d im e n sio n sa r e re gulat ed b y t h e g r i d i n t h r e e d im e n sio n s;th e h eight and w i d t h a r e b o t h t w o - th ir d s th e le n g th o f ihe c aos u l e .
T he v ert ic a l p o s i t i o n so f t h e s leepingc a p s u l e sa r e a l s o det erm ine d b y t h e s t a i r l a n d in g s of t he c entr a l c o r e . T h r e e s t a ir runs mak e a c o m p l e t e r e v o l utio n around t he c e n t r a l e l e v a t o rs h a ft, giv ing adja c e n tc a p s u l e sa o n e th ird of f s e t i n s e c t i o nt o m a t ch th eir of f s e t i n p l a n .
:
IiOJECT
::: : ARCHITECT
:
CtpruleHotel
i Kisho Kurokawa
i 1972
DATE
;
LOCATIOI{
i Tokyo, Japan
i02
Thgverticaloffsetbetweencapsules Frflectsthe loiationsof staircore h ndingsat on e-th irdinte rva ls
S teel truss structure i s conceal edto contri buteto the affect of dynami cal l y aggregatedcapsul es
S tai r core w i th l andi ngsat one-thi rd verti cal i nterval s
R a d i a lwin d o ws p la ce da t th e e n d s o f t h e ca p su le sr e in fo r ce th e ch a n g in g o r i e nta tio no f th e u n its, a d d in gto th e d i r e c tio n a lityo f th e a g g r e g a tio n
The panel i zati onof each capsul e i nto thi rds reveal sthe regul ati nggri d that determi nes the offset of the capsul esi n pl an
MA'ER'aL construction
+
% p $nre$
T he 30 S t . M a r y A x e S t r e e t to we r p r o d u ce sa sp ir a l a ffe ct th r o u g h i ts tapered ci rcul ar f orm [ a p r o f i l e t h a t d r a s t i c allyr e d u ce swin d lo a d s o n th e b u ild in gl and the careful organiz a t i o no f a s t r u c t u r a l d ia g r id th a t r o ta te s th r o u g h th e flo o r pl ates of the bui l di ng. T he af f ec t i v ep r o p e r t i e so f th e twistin g d ia g r id m e m b e r s co m b in ew i th the curvature of t he t ow e r t o a d d r o t a t i o n a n d m o ve m e n tto a sta tic o b ie ct.
The dy na m i c p r o fi l e o f t he t owe r i s r e i n f o r c e d by a s erie s o f t r i a n g u l a r air s haf t s t h a t r o t a t e t hrough s u c c e s s i v e f loor plate s o f t h e building,e x p r e s s e di n dark glas s p a n e l st h a t res olv et h e e x t e r i o r a s an alt ern a t i n gs e r i e s o f rP,,o,,,,9 -^ i--ti^ ^
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26121
FROJECT
ARCHITECT
30 St. Mary Axe Street
No r m a n F o ste r
03 S pi ral i ngi nteri or ai r shafts are used for stack venti l ati onof the tow er
St r u c t u r a l d i a g r i d rei n f o r c e st h e c e n t r i f u g a ls p i r a l af f e c t o f t h e f o r m
Dia g o n a lareas of dark g la zin gfo r the ai r shafts ve r su s clear gl azi ngfor o ffice sp a c es rei nforces tho
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l n t he J ohn s o nW a x L a b o r a t o r yT o we r d o u b le - h e ig h tb a n d s o f h o r izontal glas s t ubes r e p l a c et h e c o n v e n tio n a str l ip win d o ws o f th e o ffice to wer, ac t ing as a l i g h t f i l t e r b e t w e e n in te r io r a n d e xte r io r . Co m b in e dwith an alt ernat ingp a t t e r n o f f l o o r s a n d m e zza n in ele ve lsin se ctio n a n d th e ro unded c o r n e r s o f i t s p r o f i l e ,th e a ffe ct is a b a n d e dco lu m n wh o se i nt erior c on t e n t sa r e r e g i s t e re da s a b lu r r e d p r e se n ceo n th e e xte ri or-
Pla te g lass
Pla te g lass m u llio n s
Ho llow py re x t u b e s are us ed in s t e a do f co nv ent ion a g l l a z i n gt o fo rm a s elf- s i m i l a r " m i c r o banding"t h a t r e i n f o r c e s th e larger b a n d e do r d e r o f th e building .T h e h o r i z o n t a l cours ingso f t h e g l a z i n g a ls o repeat t h e h o r i z o n t a l cours ing of t h e b r i c k b a n d s th at def ine th e f l o o r s .
Scallo p ed a lu m in um r ACKS
' ' Ko r o seal " ri ng with p yrex co u p r e rs
30t31
;! :
DATE
:
LOCATION
i 1950 i R aci ne,U S
Hollowpyrextubes n n dpyrexcou ple rs se ala nt w i t hK oroseal
P yrextubes attached w i th w i re to al umi num racks
R oundedc orn e r s of to wer rein f o r c e bandedaf f ec t
R ec es s ed me z z aninele v e l vi si ble behin d double-heigh t b andedglas s t u b e s
Bri c k c laddin g exp res s esba n d i n g of floor plat e s
Laboratorydesk and shel vi ngi ntegratedw i th hei ght of bri ck cl addi ng
o1
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The Towe r o f W i n d s p r o d u c e sa d e m a te r ia lize da ffe ct b y cla d d in gan exi sti ngcool i ngtow er w i th l ayers of light ing: n e o n t u b e s , m i n i - l a m p s a n d flo o d lig h ts,r e fle cte d in m ir ror and perforatedal umi num panel s. T he illum i n a t i o n r e s p o n d st o e n vir o n m e n ta lco n d itio n sa r o u n d the tow er, produci nga constantl ychangi ng, dem at er i a l i z e da f f e c t c o m p o se do f e p h e m e r a l p a tte r n s o f lig h t.
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I n day t im e ,t h e t o w e r i s perc eiv e da s a b l a n k v o l u m e of perf or a t e da l u m i n u m .
Rings o{ w h i t e n e o n l i g h t periodic a l l yi n d i c a t et h e t i m e ; s t ruc t ur a l r i n g s a p p e a r t o flo a t around th e n e o n t u b e s .
2 M ir r o r e d a cr ylic p la te s sheath th e co o lin gto we r , m u lti pl yi ng th e a r tifica l lig h tin g a ffects.
F lo o d lig h tsa t th e fo o t of th e to we r a r e co n tr o lled by co m p u te r to cr e a te a larger sca le o f illu m in a tio n .
3 1 , 2 8 0m i n i - l a m p rse s p o n di n realtimeto surrounding noise parre rns.
The di fferent l i g.hti ngpatterns combi ne to produce a constantl y changi ngdemateri al i zedaffect at ni ght.
P ROJECT
ARCHITECT
DATE
LOCATION
Tower of Winds
Toyo lto
1987
Y okohama,Japan
Outerlayerol
W hit eneonr ings
p erf orat eda l u m i n u m c laddingd i s a p p e a r s a t night
i05
E xi sti ngconcrete venti l ati oncore and w ater tank sheathedi n acryl i c mi rrored pl ates on the tw o si des w i thout Iouvers
Existing louvers v e n ts h o p p i n g a r e aD e t o w
S tructural ti e ^ - kl ^ -
- ++- - h
l ayersof cl addi ng to i nteri or core
Mini-lam p r i n g s
St eelc olum ns s upportthe r ings of light ing
I )
MArER'a'I construction
+
Th e Seagram B u i l d i n g u s e s t h e ste e l str u ctu r a l g r id o f the s k y s c rap e rt o c r e a t e a v e r t i ca l a ffe ct, b y a tta ch in g a s eries of de c o r a t i v el - b e a m s to th e e n ve lo p eth a t p riorit iz et he v e r t i c a l l i n e s o f t he str u ctu r e o ve r th e h oriz ont alf lo o r o l a t e s .
Th e l-beam s e c t i o n sa t t a c h e d to the f agad ea r e p a r t o f t h e p ref abric at e dw i n d o w u n i t s that m ak e up t h e s k i n - rev ealedb y t h e h o r i z o n t a l g ap bet ween l - b e a m s e c t i o n s from f loor t o f l o o r .
Th e t rue s t ru c t u r a l c o l u m n s a re e nc as edin f i r e p r o o f i n g ,w h i l e t he d ec orat iv el- b e a m s a t t a c h e dt o th e e nv elooe exo r e s s " t h e c o n c e a le d struc t ure un d e r n e a t h .
Te rminat ingt h e c u r t a i n w a l l p r io r to th e co r n e r ma int ainst h e e x o r e s s i o no f e a ch fa ca d ea s a n i ndependen tI n o n - l o a db e a r i n glsyste m , a n d re v ealst he fu l l d i m e n s i o no f t h e str u ctu r a l columns beh i n d .
'0.'.'&rffin€*mm#
: tl!Jl0r It lgrrm
Building
LOCATION
ARCHITECT
OATE
:
L u d wig M ie s va n d e r Ro h e
1958
i N ew Y ork, U S
11
H eati ngsystem i ntegrated w i th i nteri or si l l
0rly-pinktinted lvfndowglass
S uspendedl i ght cei l i ng
bronze Extruded to I ' beamsatta ch ed theverticalstructural memD ers
bronze Recessed t pandrelsc over t he floorplate s
The bronze mul l i ons termi nate at the bui l di ng soffi t, exposi ngthem as non-structuralw hen seen from street l evel
B ronze-cl adstructural colum n
MArE R'aL c ladding
-rr+
qffi$#&wd
64165
The PradaA o y a m a s t o r e c reat esa q u i l t e d a f f e c t t hrough an e x t e r i o r c l a d d i n g b as ed on t h r e e t y p e s o f glas s pan e l - f l a t , c o n v e x and c onc a v e .T h e t h r e e dim ens io n a lf o r m o f t h e glaz ing is c o m b i n e dw i t h a diagrid st r u c t u r e t o produc e a q u i l t e d p a t t e r n of diam on d - s h a p e d w indows t h a t a l t e r n a t e l y prot rude a n d r e c e d e f r o m t he env elo p e .
In day ligh t ,t h e q u i l t e d w i n d ows a r e m o r e p r o m in e n t th a n the s t ruc t u r e , d i s t o r t i n gv i e ws o f th e p r o d u cts in sid e a n d giv ingt he b u i l d i n ga j e w e l - l i ke a p p e a r a n ce .
At ni ght the qui l ti ed affect i s provi dednot by the threed imensi onal i tyof the gl ass panel s but by the di agri d, wh ich becomes more oromi nent w hen backl i t.
ii! oot.
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Herzog& de Meuron
i zoos i Tokyo,Japan
i
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The di agri d of the envel ope i s extrudedw i thi n the i nteri or depth of the bui l di ngto construct structural tubes that house changi ngrooms
''Fl oati ng"fl oor pl ates of perforatedsheet al umi num bel ow a concretecomposi tesl ab w i th epoxy-resi ncoati ng
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DATE
Ee r o Sa a r in e n
I?19
:
13
L OC ATION
: London,U K
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72173
The S erpe n t i n eP a v i l i o nc r e a te s a r a n d o m a ffe ct th r o u g h a p at t erning i n v e s t i g a t i o ne n a ble db y str u ctu r e . An ir r e g u la r p at t ern, ge n e r a t e db y a n a l g o r ith m th a t r o ta te s a n d sca le sth e e x t endedl i n e s o f a s q u a r e , i s cr o p p e dto p r o d u ce a se e m in g ly random pa t t e r n t h r o u g h a r e g u la r p r o ce ss.
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The pattern i s separatedand recti l i near l i nes i nsertedat fol d edges to accountfor the depth of constructi on.
10 A l ternati ng patchesbetw een the structural l i nes are fi l l ed w i th sol i d materi al , i ncreasi ngthe appearanceof randomness.The resul ti ng surface pattern supports the pavi l i onthrough the redundancyof the structural memD ers.
DATE
J
L OC ATION
2002 | London,U K
arebuilt lf thePattorn b lEmace lective ly :lumln uman dgl as s
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The di agonalpattern i s i nterrupted at the edges betw een roof and w al l s by perpendi cul arstructural connecti onsthat meet at ri ght angl es
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Fl at steel bar beam
A l umi num i nfi l l panel
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The Millar d H o u s e b u i l d s a r elie f a ffe ct th r o u g h a co m p o site ''t ex t ileblo c k ' w a l l c o m p o s e do f in n e r a n d o u te r ca st m a so n r y unit s , held t o g e t h e r b y m o r t ar a n d ste e l r e in fo r cin gla ce d th r o u g h c hannelsc a s t i n t o t h e b l o c k s.T h e tile s p r o d u ce a fa b r tc- like r elief pat t e r n ,a t t h e s c a l e o f th e b lo ck, e n h a n cin gth e b u ild in g ' s appearanc ea s a m o n o l i t h i co b je ct in th e d ista n t vie w th a t is se e n as v aried in t h e n e a r v i e w d u e to th e sca le o f th e tile . S teei rei nforci ngbars are set w i l l rrrr channel scast i nto the bl ocks, gi vi ngthe w al l a net-l i ke structur,rl performance.
Doublegla s s l a y e r i n s e r t e d bet weenin n e r a n d o u t e r b l o cks
T he t hrnn e r X - s h a o e da r e a s bet weenth e s t e e l r e i n f o r c i n ga r e ex c av at e da s p e r f o r a t i o n s ,w ith a glas s or sc r e e n l a y e r i n s e r t e d a n to t hc wall ca v i t y ,
The rel i ef pattern creatc', more thi ckness around l l r, connecti onsof the steel bars behi nd,rei nforci ng the structural perfoTmanrl of the bl ocks.
ARCH ITECT
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Th e env elop eo f S i l o d a m H o u sin ge xp lo r e sa d ive r sea ffe ct a s a r e sul t of i ts program, cl addi ngthe exteri or i n a cat alogof st a n d a r df a g a d es y s te m s th a t co r r e sp o n dto d iffe r e n t u ses: offi ces,commerci al spaces,publ i c areas a nd a v ariet y o f h o u s i n gt y p e s . Ea ch p r o g r a m a n d h o u sin gtyp e Ilo w -i ncome,dupl ex, l uxury,etc.) i s i denti fi edby a d if f erent ma t e r i a l a n d f e n e s t ra tio np a tte r n , cr e a tin ga m ixtu r e th a t refl ects the di versi tyof the popul ati onw i thi n.
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Th e dif f ere n t i a t i o no f u nit t y pes is b a l a n c e db y g roupingt o g e t h e r u n i t s i nt o bay s ,so m e t i m e s st ac k ingov e r m u l t i p l e fl o ors . The s h a r e d m a t e r i a l fi n is hes of t h e s e g r o u p i n g s a nd t he arra n g e m e n t o f corridors s p e c i f i ct o e a c h u nit t y pe pa r t i t i o n sd e f i n e ''n eighborh o o d s w " ithin th e buildin g ,e x p r e s s e d o n t he ex t e r i o r .
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Ca n d ilis- Jo sic- Wo o dJe s, a n Prouv6
1973 i B erl i n, cermany
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17
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18
L OC ATION
: 1991 ! N apa,U S
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T he oleat e da f f e c t o f t h e C h r istia nDio r 0 m ot es an d os t o r e i s c r e a t e d b y a se r ie s o f v ac uum-f o r m e dt r a n s l u c e n t a cr ylic p a n e ls plac ed be h i n da l a y e r o f f r i t t e d g la ss f lu sh with the s k in, cr e a t i n ga n a p p e a r an ceth a t va r ie s bet weenf l a t a n d p l e a t e da c co r d in gto d iffe r e n t light ing c o n d i t i o n so v e r t h e co u r se o f th e d a y.
T h e i r r e g u l a r b a n d in go f th e flo o r p l a t e s - w i i h v a r yin g h e ig h tsfo r e a c h f l o o r t h a t a r e fu r th e r m a ske d b y h o r i z o n t a ls t r i p s in b e twe e n f l o o r s - s e t s t h e sca le fo r th e u n d u l a t e dv e r t i c al p le a tin go f th e + - ^^- 1. . ^^^+ u oilr r ur c , , L
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F lo o r p la te s co n ce a le db y ce r a m ic fr ittin g M e ta l b r a cke ts co n n e ctin go u te r g la zin gto g la ss su p p o ft flo s Do u b le - g la zin g with a ir ca vity
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1 Dis t or t ing t he geom et r y hex agonal wit hinihe per im et e r pr o0uc es a r egur ar m oduleof s ix uniquet iles . ----7
E ac h of t h e s i x s h a p e s i s c ast a s a glaz edc e r a m i c t i l e , p r o du ce d in bot h s o l i d a n d p e r f o r a t ed v ers ion s .E a c ht i l e h a s f r o nt and bac k h a l v e s ,c o n n e c t e db y brac k etst h a t a r e c l a m p e d in to a s uppo r t i n gs t a n c h i o n .
T hebas icu nito f sixtilesis m ir r or edandr ot at edt o produce fou ro rien tatio ns , har e of t he m oduleswhic t henag g reg ateto d fo rmthe pat t er nof t he f agade.
Color ad j a c e n c i e sb e t w e e nth e m o d u le s fu r th e r obs c uret h e o r i g i n a l m o d u le o f six tile s, in cr e a sin g t he dif f e r e n t i a t e da f f e c t .
2 E ach of the si x ti l es i s coded w i th i ts ow n col or, further d i fferenti atin g the ti l es.
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F our dif fe r e n t l a c e panels s h a r e t h e s am e pat t e r n a t t heir per i m e t e r , allowing t h e p a n e l s t o be t iled s e a m l e s s l y t o genera t ea n em broide r e d af f ec t ac r o s s , t h e ent ire en v e l o p e . The v ert i c a l a n d horiz ont a ls y m m e t r y of t he pe r i m e t e r pat t ern a l l o w s e a c h panel t o b e r o t a t e d , produc in ga s e t of eight ti l e s t h a t are aggre g a t e dt o produc ea s e a m l e s s em broide r e da f f e c t .
Whenseenobliquely from belowthe mirrorfrittingmakesil When seen frontal l y from i nsi de l ooki ng out the tw o l ,ryl r', difficultto jud geth e d ep thof t he pat t er nas bot hr ef lec t ions of the pattern col l apseon each other, provi di nggrci rl r,r andt he pa tternb eh indare s eens im ult aneous ly . transparencyfrom the shop fl oor.
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A t rian g l e o f p r o p o r t r o n s2 :1 is tile d in a re g u l a r p a t t e r n t o g e n e r a tea s imple p i n w h e e lg e o m e tr y th a t ca n be nes t e d i n t w o d i m e n sio n s
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2 T h e p a tte r n is tile d in r e gul ar rectangul ar patchesthat fi l l the r e ctilin e a rp e r im e te r o f the envel ope.The l ocal vari ati onof the tr ia n g le s with in e a ch p a tch camoufl agesthe regul ari tyof the o ve r a ll tilin g .
E x t rud i n gt h e p a t t e r n i n t o two la ye r s,a ssig n in gth e m e m b e r s of the pattern randoml yro ert her th e i n n e r o r t h e o u te r la ye r ,a n d a d d in g in d e p e n d e n td ia gonalbraci ng members enhanc e st h e a p p e a r a n c eo f co m p le xityo ve r th e r e g u la r ityo f the pattern.
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extenor vrew i ngangl es P oros it yac c o r d i n gt o v i e w i n g a n g le a a t a t a a a a a aa a a ta tco ttl , r t a a a a r r a oa a a a a a ta a at t a r a a a a r t a 3 a a a a a a ta a at , r r r t a r r a a a a a a a a a ta r ar t taatraaaoaaaaaaaaaa al , t S r t a a a a a aa a a ta a ta a nl , r r r a a a a r a aa a a a a a a a a t 1a a aaaattaraaaaaaaaaar ra a f a a a a a t a a a a ta a a a a tt ot t a a a a a a a a a ta a ta ta rta aa a a a a a a a a a aa a o a a a ra a a aa a 3 a a a a a a Sa a a a a a trtrrr a f iraaaf aaaaaaaao a a t ) a c ra a r a a a a a a a ra a ta tra rr a a a a a a a a a a aa a ra a a oa a r a a f f a a a a a a a aa 9 a o a aaaaaaa la a a a a a a a e aa a to a ac aoao f ta a ! a a a t a aa a a S a oat out
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T he embo s s e dc o p p e r e n v e lo p eo f th e De Yo u n g M u se u m u se s a n i mage of vegetati onfrom the context as " m at erial " t o c r e a t e a d i f f e r e n tia te da ffe ct, tr a n sla tin g it in to a p ixel atedmatri x w hi ch i s then bui l t as a threedimens io n a ls e r i e s o f e m b o ssin g sa n d p e r fo r a tio n s.T h e r e su ltin g pattern of gradi entsdoes not depend on t he legibi l i t yo f t h e i m a g e t h at g e n e r a te dit, b u t cr e a te s a d iffe r e n ti atedseri es of hol es that resonatew i th the s urroundi n g l a n d s c a p e .
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3 P i xel ate:tone i s convertedi nto a dot matri x
4 The pix e l p a t t e r n i s t r a n s l a te d in to an alt e r n a t i n gg r i d o f p r o tr u d in g and dep r e s s e de m b o s s i n g s, s t am pe d t o f o u r d e p t h s - g r e a te r dept hs c o r r e s p o n d i n gt o da r ke r areas in t h e i m a g e . E a c h c o p p e r panel co n t a i n sa s e v e n b y th ir ty f ield of e m b o s s i n g s . 5 S ix dif f e r e n t d i a m e t e r s o f perf ora t i o na r e p r o j e c t e don to th e panels i n r e s p o n s et o v e n tila tio n and ligh t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s.T h e se f ollow a t w e l v e b y f i f t y g r i d o n e a ch panel.
T he t wo p a t t e r n s a r e s uperim p o s e d .D u e t o t h e mis alig n m e n to f t h e t w o p a tr e r n s, t he perf o r a t i o n sd o n o t c a nce l o u t t he em b o s s i n g s .
l
l
DATE
L OC ATION
i
2005
S an Franci sco,U S
i
27 I
ond EmboEcied F a lto rate dco pp er panels clrtlelinq
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copper Embossed el a d d i n gp a n e l s
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ir !"' *,-t;{, x - ;i i .-
m?**:
The c us t om - m a d e g l a s s b l o c k s o f th e Ma is on de V e r r e a c t a s a p r o j e ctio nscr e e n for light in b o t h d i r e c t i o n s ,c r e atin g a ci nemat icaff e c t t h a t a l t e r n a t e s b e twe e n external illu m i n a t i o nb y d a y a n d in te r n a l l i g ht ing by n i g h t . L i g h t r a y s b o un ce b a ck ont o t he glas s b l o c k s f r o m i n t e r io r o b je cts, p roduc inga l u m i n o u s c i n e m a ticscr e e n of blurred in t e r i o r i m a o e s .
Int erior s t ee l colum ns
'...s L adder prop f o r light fixtures
Si de wing wi th ins et WINOOWS
Small f l o od
Lar ge
M a in win g
The env elop el s c o m p o s e do f 3 ,6 1 7 Ne v ada-t y peg l a s s b l o c k s [ 2 0 x 2 0 x 4 cm ] w hic h wrap t h e e x t e r i o r .S t r i p win d o ws a r e i n s ert ed int o t h e g r i d o f b l o c k s to cr e a te d i re c t v iews a t s t r a t e g i c l o c a t i o n s.
fl ood l i ghl
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l nteri or
r. v::::
LOCATION
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P ari s, France
30
The sl oped cei l i ng assi sts i n bounci ngl i ght to the i nteri or
Texturi zedN evada gl ass bl ock panel s
S t e e sl u p p o rst t r u c t u r e
Gl assbl ocks are expressed as a non-structuralw rappi ng, someti mes conceal i ngthe f l oor pl ate and someti mes reveal i ngi t
lF ttriero bje ctsa re illu m inat ed projected back clncmatically BF€l €Rtcgla ssfa ga dea s blu r r ed Silhcucttes
M^rER'aL cladding
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T he Ric o l aL a u f e n w a r e h o u se is c lad in s t a c k e d c o m p o s i te panelsw h o s e h e i g h t d e c r e a se s f rom t op t o b o t t o m , g i v i n gt he v olum e a w e i g h t e d a f f e c t .T h e progres s i v ei n c r e a s ei n t h e height of t h e p a n e l s f r o m b otto m t o t op s u b t l y d i s t o r t s t h e s ca le o f t he build i n g ,m a k i n g i t s e e m fa r t aller t ha n i t r e a l l y i s .
,l I
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ln t he dist a n tv i e w , t h e d e c r e a se in s c ale f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m mak es t h e b a s e h e a v i e rt h a n t het op-a c o n t e m p o r a r y int erpret a t i o no f t r a d i t i o n a l proport io n st h a t i n c r e a s e s t he v is ua l d e n s i t yo f t h e b a se . The ov er s c a l e dc o r n i c e a t t h e t op and t h e t r i p a r t i t e d i v i s i ono f panel s iz e s p l a y o n t h e c l a ssica l v is ual ord e r o f b a s e ,s h a f t a n d c apit al,c o n t r i b u t i n gt o t h e weight eda f f e c t o f t h e w h o l e.
ln t he nea r v i e w , t h e d i f f e r e n ce in height o f t h e p a n e l s i s n e a r ly indis t ing u i s h a b l ew h e n s e e n on t he ob l i q u e ,l e a v i n gt h e t ru e s c ale of t h e v o l u m e v i s i b l e wit hout d i s t o r t i o n "
I l _.1 __l
_J J j I
I
l
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:
hufrn Warehouse
ARCHITECT
i *:::v.: * M::::1
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I
DATE
i 1987
LOCATION
Laufen,S w i tzerl and
32
Woodenstruts of proj ecti ngcorni ce
l nsul atedmembrane encroS ure
S tructural frami ng
Wooden consol e" supports for rai n screen
il $
C oncretecomposi te rarn screen panel s
C o n c r e t be l o c k supportsfor rain s c r e e np u r l i n s
MArER 'AL cl adding The S ignal B o x c r e a t e s a n aff ec t of v ari a b l ed e p t h b y cl addingt he o r d i n a r yv o l u m e of an elec t ri c a ls i g n a i b o x i n thin horiz on t a lc o p p e r b a n d s that are t wis t e d a t s t r a t e g i c l oc at ionst o p r o v i d el i g h t t o i h e i nhabit eds p a c e sw i t h i n . T h e co nt inuoustr a n s i t i o n f r o m a fl at f ac adeo f c o p p e r b a n d s to a s c reen o f t w i s t e d l o u v e r s varies t he v i s u a l d e p t h of the env elo p e
Th e c opper lo u v e r st h a t w r a p t he e xte r io r a l so ac t as a F a r a d a yc a g e ' , p r o te ctin gth e mac hineryin s i d ef r o m e l e c t r o - m a g n e tic i nterf erenc e .
*$**px A d isto r tio no { d e p th i s a ch ie ve db y a sim p le 90d e g r e e twist o f th e louvers, r e ve a lin gth e str u ctural w al l a n d win d o ws b e h in d.
i DATE
:
LOCATION
199t i easel,switzerland
'I 'I i JJ
visib lewindows Frertio lly beh indth e lo uversi nc r eas e t heva riatio n b etwe en lh l r l n c s s a n d d e p t h
C oncretestructure of si gnal box
Wi ndow f rami ng
Weather membrane
f ow s o f us00to
n thetwisl
th: louvers
Afgeref twistedlouvers opaq uco r tra nspa rent EE F C €t on theviewp oin t , €eP endtng €lt ernatelY Permittinogr the b oxbe hin d € €nsaclitrq
B attensand sheathi ngattached to the concrete structure provrde a surface tor attachi ngthe bracketsthat support the l ouvers
MA"*'AL pattgrn
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The env elo p eo f t h e C h r i s t i a n Dio r Gin zasto r e cr e a te s a ta r ta n a ffe ct through an offset pattern of dots on tw o l ay ers ,one p e r f o r a t e da n d o n e silkscr e e n e d .T h e r e su ltin g co m b in ati onproducesa fl i ckeri ng vi ew through an env elopew h o s e s c a l e i n d e p t h is d ifficu lt to iu d o e . 1 P erf orat i o n si n t h e o u t e r s k in c rea t e a s t r i p e d pat t ern i n s c r i b e dw i t h i n nine m et a l p a n e l s .
2 In n e r p a n e ls a r e silk3 Inner and outer panel s scr e e n e dwith a n id e n tica l a l i gn, but the smal l er n:tiarn i c ch i fto d p a tte r n o f d iffe r e n t size d d o ts, o n e th ir d sm a lle r . r el ati veto the gri d.
4 The smal l er patterrr repeats every tw o pi l rr,l r and the l arger evcry | | rrur. so they appear nol l o ,rl rqrr
Th e repeate dd o t p a t t e r n i m p lie s th a t th e in n e r and out er p a t t e r n s s h o u l d a l i gn . Be ca u se the inner pa t t e r n i s a s c a l e d - do wnve r sio n o f the out er pa t t e r n ,t h e r e s u l t i n g p e r sp e ctiva l dis t ort ion m a k e s i t a p p e . a rf a r th e r a wa y th a n it ac t uallyis .
Th e c av it yb e t w e e nt h e o u t e r an d in n e r la ye r s i s illuminat e dw i t h f i b e r o p t i c s ,co m b in in gwith the s hif t ing v i s u a l a l i g n m e n t o f th e two p a tte r n s to oc c lude o r i l l u m i n a t e t h e p e r fo r a tio n sa s th e vi e wing ang l e c h a n g e sa n d c r e a te a flicke r in g tart an af f ect .
percerved distance
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35
ARCHITECT
D i o r Gi n za S to re
Kum ik oI nui
illumin atio n F lbcr-optic g0 g0 ,{0 r{! {01 r { { 0{l r { { tt0 001 0i1l 00tl 0ltl 00(]
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The A plix F a c t o r yc r e a t e s a c a m o u fla g e da ffe ct b y u sin g ref lec t iv em e t a l p a n e l s t o f r a g m e n t a n d m u ltip ly th e surroundin gl a n d s c a p e .T h e f o ld e d m e ta l p a n e ls r e fle ct i n t wo direc t i o n ss i m u l t a n e o u sly,su p e r im p o sin gm u ltip le vi e ws int o a f r a g m e n t e d i m a g e o f sky a n d la n d sca p eth a t ca mouflage s a l a r g e b u i l d i n gwith in its co n te xt.
The c orruga t i o n so f t h e fo lded pane l sa r e s t r u c t u r a l , stif f eningt h e m s o t h a t t h e y require no f r a m i n g , n o b o l t s o r ot her v is i b l ec o n n e c t i o n s th at would d e t r a c t f r o m t h e cam ouf lage da f f e c t .
C onc ealedfr a m i n g srr uc rure
,, ]-/
./
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Th e low, s pr e a d - o u t m a s s o f t he b u ild in g h e lp s i t dis appea ri n t h e l a n d s c a p e ,ble n d in gwith th e l i n e of t he h o r i z o nw h e n s e e n fr o m a d ista n ce .
EE @
S i te pl an
j
: ARCHITECT
Do m in iq u ePe r r a u ll
LOCATION
1999 : N antes,France
A t h i n f o l d e d m e t a l c o r n ice c ov e r s t h e c o r r u g a t i on s at th e t o p o f t h e b u i l d in g , c on c e a l i n gt h e p r o f i l e o f th e bui l d i n g s o t h e d e p t h o f th e c nve l o p ed i s a p p e a r s
B acki ng C -channel stru cIu re
Lanoscape reflectio ns
MArER'ar color
i .,'l;i;;:l
The lay erede n v e l o p eo f t h e L a b a n Da nc e Cent e r c r e a t e s a t o n a l a ffe ct by c olor-c od i n gt h e d i f f e r e n t i n te r io r program s be h i n d a n e x t e r i o r o f trans luc ent p o l y c a r b o n a t ep a n e ls. A dif f erent co l o r i s g i v e n t o e a ch danc e s t udio l e a c h w i t h i t s o w n si z e, height ,a n d f o r m l , w h i l e t h e out er poly c a r b o n a t eI a y e r b l u r s th e di fferent c ol o r s i n t o a s e r i e s o f to n a l gradient swh o s e i n t e n s i t yv a r i es o ve r the c ours e o f t h e d a y .
4 0 m m p o lyca r b o n a te
D oubl c r1l ,r,'''rl transl urctrl gl ass
Anod i z r .r l
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The c hroma t i c s y s t e m i s c o m p o se d of t hree c olo r s , e a c h w i t h t h r e e to n a l variat ions .
S teel rrul l r,,n supporl brackcl ,,
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We s t f agade ,d a y t i m e g r a d a t r on
We s t f agade ,n i g h t t i m e g r a d a tio n
FloJ rc r Llbrn Dan c eC e n t e r
ARCHITECT
DATE
He r zo g& d e M e u r o n
2003
i ilil:l,,-
i 38
T ra n s p a r e n tp o l y c a r bo n a te pan e l s p r o t e c t a g a t n st gla r e a n d h e a t r a d i a t io n
Transl ucent gl ass behi nd pol ycarbo nate di ffuses l i ght i nto dance studi os
A l umi num support structure behi ndfl ush pol ycarbonate su rface
S emi -refl ecti ve exteri or w i ndow s mi rror l andscape
S t e e l m u l l i o n s u p p o rt bra c k e t s a l l o w po l y c a r b o n a t et o f l o a t abo v e g r o u n d p l a n e
M ArE R ' A r I ma g g
The Ebers w a l d eL i b r a r y cre at es a s e r i a l a f f e c t b y cl addingt he f l o o r s i n b a n d s of c onc ret ea n d g l a s s p a n e l s co v eredwit h s i l k s c r e e n e d p hot ograph s ,d i s s o l v i n gt h e env elopeint o a p a t t e r n o f rana:tih d
"un" ffimr$m$ T h e ir r e g u la r r h yth m o f th e h ori zontal b a n d s o f im a g e s,o f va r yin gh ei ghts - o n e , two , o r th r e e p a n e lsta l l o b scu r e sth e r e g u la r r h yth m of the fl oor p la te s a n d cle r e sto r ywin d o w bands.
imrdac
Si l k s c reene dc e r a m i c f r i t g l a s s p a n e l 1 . S ilk s c ree ni s p l a c e do v e r g l aze dp a n e l. 2. C eram ic is a p p l i e dt h r o u g h scr e e n . 3. S ilk s c ree ni s r e m o v e d a n d c e r a m ic is heat -f u s e dt o g l a z e d p a n el.
Si l k s c reene dc a s t c o n c r e t ep a n e l 1 . lmage is s i l k s c r e e n e do n t o f o r m wo r k liner us ing s e t t i n g r e i a r d a n t. 2. Panel is c a s t . 3. Panel rem o v e df r o m f o r m w or k a f t er s et t i n g . R e t a r d a n ta n d un se t c onc ret e r i n s e d a n d b r u s h e d fr o m fac e of pan e l .
Wi ndow pattern
il ilgHE
1r,rlIErs 'l
FNO
T 'FC
E lt 6rE wa l d eL i b r a r y
:
ARCHITECT
: *:::111llllll1I-l:-::Yll
DATE
:
LOCATION
1999 : E bersw al de,Germany
'A 11
F: l l h c r t t , r t n c d ca st I il t i l | r , l 0 p an e l s n r Ar k l l r r ) p r e se n ce rrf i t r l r , t i o r fl o o r
a l, rlrr, rrt lw a l l s
C l erestoryw i ndow masked by si l kscreenedgl ass panel above head hei ght provi des di ffuse l i ghti ng
llr t t l r l t h e ig h t ql l k r r t r r c n e d lt r r d r l r ' , ; a r e cu t o ff lry l l l ( . l f a n s p a re n t wl i l r l o w f ;
S hel vi ng i ntegratedw i th exteri or w al l
l ntegrateddesk cpt ai hoinhi
It, rt r, , lx rre n t wlt rrlow:in i terrupt b F tt irl l)ot te r n rr l inrlqc s
of transparent w i ndow s for di rect vi ew s
