The Cancer Terminator : Live Stories of 100 Cancer Sufferers

Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp ^bpx II Xpqa'xk'Diea _xkpias ke 2>> Obfoap _qpuiukps

Ahixkp= Zbfj ]laf Jqk _q~apuiskp= Ifxapfbxikfbd Palbìdixbxikf ke Obfoap ^q`dislah `y= `y= Jpaaf % Jkdh Ifxapfbxikfbd Ifxapfbxikfbd A|~kpxs Bhhpass= <8 Hb~ixbf _x& /?>:$ /?>:$ Rqa}kf Oixy$ Oixy$ ^lidi~~ifas 2228 Xad ,Q_B)= #2 ,<>>) XIBF \IBF \IBF + #2 ,<>>) <80 5980 Xad ,Q_B)= #2 ,>) ,<>>) 119 0191 0191 A'gbid= ifekNxibf|ibf&okg Hisxpi`qxkp= Jpaaf % Jkdh Jkdh Ifxapfbxikfbd Ifxapfbxikfbd A|~kpxs I_@F= 950'180'>2:'< Eipsx Ahixikf= Mqfa 0>>2 Mb~bfasa Ahixikf= Eipsx Ahixikf= Ahixikf= ^q`dislah if Gbpol 0>>> Olifasa Ahixikf= Eipsx Ahixikf= ^q`dislah if Lkfj Ckfj if Gbpol 0>>2 0>>2 Afjdisl Ahixikf= Eipsx Ahixikf= ^q`dislah if Lkfj Ckfj if Mqfa 0>>2 0>>2

Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp = Diua _xkpias Ke 2>> Obfoap _qeeapaps

XB@DA KE OKFXAFX_ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ^bpx 2 Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Olb~xap I Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa= Bf Aeeaoxiua Xpabxgafx ekp Obfoap; Is Obfoap Pabddy Ifoqpb`da; '?' Oqppafx _ixqbxikf If Obfoap Xpabxgafx '8' Xla Okg~dagafxbpy Eqfoxikfs Ke Olifasa Bfh Zasxapf Gahioifa '<' Olbpboxapisxios ke Olifasa Xpbhixikfbd Gahioifa ' 2> ' Ifxajpbxikf Ke Zasxapf Bfh Olifasa Gahioifa ' 28 ' Oqppafx _ixqbxikf If Xla Ifxajpbxikf Ke Olifasa Bfh Zasxapf Gahiobd Pagahias ' 21 ‟

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Olb~xap II —Xibf \ibf Dirqih‗ ‟ Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Bfxi'Obfoap Gahioifa Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa Paokjfi}ah @y Xla Olifasa Jkuapfgafx ' 0> ' Xla Hauadk~gafx Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih ' 00 '

Gbif Okfxafxs Bfh Ifjpahiafxs ' 01 ' Xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif ‟ —Xpabsqpa Lkqsa Ke Opqha Hpqjs ' 0: ' ^lbpgboaqxiobd Boxikfs Ke Gbif Opqha Hpqjs ' 0< '

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Olb~xap III Xla Aeeioboy ke Xpabxgafxs bfh ^paobqxikfs Epkg Ob~sqda Xk Dirqih Gahioifa ' ?8 ' Xk Ig~pkua Xla Rqbdixy ' ?5 ' Xla ^pbisas Bpa ^kqpifj If ' ?: ' Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke xla Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih ' ?: ' Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Gkpa Aeeaoxiua Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih ' 8> ' Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf âddaxs ' 80 ' Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf _q~~ksixkpiqg Ke Olifb ' 88 ' Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf ^dbsxap If Olifb ' 81 '

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Olb~xap IU Odifiobd A|~apigafxs ^pkua Xla Aeeaoxiuafass Aeeaoxiuafass Odifiobd A|~apigafxs Ke Xaf Pasabpol Ifsxixqxikfs ' 8: ' Xla Bfxi'Obfoap Gahioifa Zixl A|xafsiua Qsbja ' 8< ' Xla A|~apigafxs Kf Bfigbd Xk|iokdkjy ' 1> ' Xla Eqfoxikf Ke Oadd Xk|ioixy ' 10 ' Xla Ifedqafoa Xk Xla Oadd âpikh Bfh HFB Okg~kqfhifj ' 1? ' Xla _xpafjxlafifj Aeeaoxiuafass Xk Pbhibxikf Xlapb~y ' 18 ' Xla Pasxpbififj Eqfoxikf Xk Xla Xasxah Xqgkps ' 11 ' Xla Hbxb Kf Xla Odifiobd Obsas If Xla Obfoap Xpabxgafx ' 11 ' Xla Hbxb Kf Xla Odifiobd A|~apigafxs Ke _ifjda Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Ekp â~xio Obpoifkgb ' 15 ' Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Ke Ask~lbjqs Obfoap Zixl _igqdxbfakqs Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh _qpjapy ' 1: ' Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Zixl Xla _igqdxbfakqs Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh Pbhibxikf Xlapb~y ' 1< ' Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Zixl Xla _igqdxbfakqs Qsas Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh Bfxi' Obfoap Gahiobxikf ' 5> ' Xla _iha Aeeaoxs Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih ' 52 '

Xla A|bg~das Ke Ubpikqs Eqfoxikfs ' 52 '

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Olb~xap U Lkz Xk ^pauafx Obfoap Bfh Gaxbsxbsis Bdxap Hbidy Lbìxs Bfh Dieasxyda ' 5? ' Ekkhs Xlbx Obf ^pauafx Obfoap ' 58 ' Zadd'Cfkzf Bfxi'Obfoap Aeeaoxs Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih ' 51 '

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

^bpx 0 = Kfa Lqfhpah Obfoap _qpuiukps’ Labpx'Zbpgifj Bfh Bgb}ifj _xkpias ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Qxapqs Obfoap bfh @pabsx Obfoap ' <1 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj @pabsx Obfoap ' 9< ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dqfj Obfoap ' 2>< ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Diuap Obfoap ' 280 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj _xkgbol Obfoap ' 2<2 '

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ifxasxifbd Obfoap ' 0>0 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj ^pksxbxa Obfoap ' 02? ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Dyg~l Xqgkp ' 02< ' A|~apiafoas If Haeabxifj _cif Obfoap ' 00< ' A|~apiafoas If Haeabxifj @kfa Obfoap ' 0?2 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dbpyfjk~lbpyfs Obfoap ' 08> ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xlypkih Jdbfh Obfoap ' 08? ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Fksa Obfoap ' 089 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ask~lbjqs Obfoap ' 018 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xkfjqa Obfoap ' 01: ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Xlygqs Xqgkp ' 052 ' A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Kxlap Hisabsas ' 05? '

^bpx 2 Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp

Diua _xkpias ke 2>> Obfoap _qeeapaps

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

OLB^XAP I XPBHIXIKFBD OLIFA_A GAHIOIFA= Bf Aeeaoxiua Xpabxgafx Ekp Obfoap

Is Obfoap Pabddy Ifoqpb`da; Gbfy ~ak~da àdiaua obfoap is is ifoqpb`da& B ~bxiafx sqeeapifj epkg xlis hisabsa is kexaf xlkqjlx ke bs b hyifj gbf& If ebox$ obfoap is b okdh'`dkkhah ciddap ha~piuifj gbfy ke xlaip ~paoikqs diuas& Xlkqjl hkoxkps lbua àaf xpyifj xlaip àsx xk okfrqap xlis hisabsa sifoa xla àjiffifj ke xl

xla 0> oafxqpy$ xlay bpa okfsxbfxdy epqsxpbxah `y xlaip ifbìdixy xk eifh b padib`da oqpa& Zixl xla oqppafx hauadk~gafxs if xaolfkdkjy$ lkzauap$ hkoxkps bpa gkpa bfh gkpa afokqpbjah `y xla gahiobd `pabcxlpkqjls `pabcxlpkqjl s if ok~ifj zixl xlis ciddap hisabsa& Obfoap is hieeioqdx xk haeabx àobqsa xla obfoap oadds s~pabh pb~ihdy zixlif xla beeaoxah bpab bs zadd zadd bs xla kxlap ~bpxs ke xla `khy& B hkoxkp’s ebidqpa ebidqpa xk haxaox xlis xlis b`fkpgbd hauadk~gafx gby s~add b ~bxiafx’s hkkg àobqsa$ qsqbddy$ xla okppaox hibjfksis obf kfdy à okfeipgah zlaf ix is bdpabhy xkk dbxa bfh bx b sxbja zlaf aeeaoxiua oqpa obf fk dkfjap à bssqpah& Gkpakuap$ xla obqsas ke obfoap bfh xla gaolbfisg àlifh ixs jpkzxl bpa sxidd b gahiobd gysxapy&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ?

Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Fauapxladass$ fqgapkqs ~apskfs lbua ekqjlx bfh qdxigbxady sqpuiuah xla hisabsa& ^bxiafxs zlk sqeeap epkg eipsx sxbja obfoaps ke xla qxapqs$ `pabsx$ sxkgbol$ ask~lbjqs bfh dbpyfjk~lbpyf| bpa ekqfh xk lbua b sqpuiubd pbxa ke 9>!&

Auaf ~bxiafxs zlk bpa

qfekpxqfbxa xk à sxpiocaf zixl diuap obfoap fkz lbua àxxap olbfoas ke ~pkdkfjifj xlaip diuas ekp eiua yabps gkpa& gkpa& If aeeaox$ xla abpdy hisokuapy bfh xpabxgafx ke obfoap obf jqbpbfxaa$ bx dabsx$ bf booa~xb`da gabsqpa ke sqooass if xkxbddy apbhiobxifj xla hisabsa& Oqppafxdy$ gahiobd a|~apxs xla zkpdh kuap ~apsisx if xlaip sxqhy ke obfoap xk saac ekp faz bfh paokggafhb`da labdifj gkhbdixias& Qfekpxqfbxady$ b~~diobxikfs b~~diobxikfs ke faz ifuafxikfs kuap b sqsxbifah ~apikh a|~ksa xla ~bxiafxs xk arqbddy lbpgeqd siha aeeaoxs bfh$ okfsarqafxdy$ ~dboa xla hkoxkps if b hidaggb& Xlasa faz hisokuapias bfh k~~kpxqfixias ekp xpabxgafx bpa fkz ~ksifj faz olbddafjas ekp kfokdkjisxs bfh kxlap obfoap's~aoibdi}ah ~lysioibfs&

Oqppafx Obfoap Xpabxgafxs Bx ~pasafx$ xlapa a|isxs b ubpiaxy ke booa~xb`da xpabxgafxs xpabxgafxs ekp obfoap& Afqgapbxah lapaif bpa `piae a|~dbfbxikfs ke skga ke xla gksx b~~diah xpabxgafxs& 2& _qpjiobd Xpabxgafx

Bx xla abpdy sxbja$ pagkubd ke xla obfoap fihqs `y sqpjapy is xla gksx aeeaoxiua zby ke xpabxgafx& xpabxgafx& Fkx kfdy is ix ix xla gksx kpxlkhk|$ `qx ix is bdsk xla gksx aeeaoxiua ke xpabxgafxs&

Eqdd paoq~apbxikf obf à boliauah zixlkqx zixlkqx

a|oa~xikf& If obsas zlapa xla obfoap oadds gaxbsxbsi}ah kp xpbfseappah xk xla kxlap

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

8


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

~bpxs ke xla `khy$ xla hipaox syg~xkg bpisifj epkg obfoap hauadk~gafx obf dicazisa à pagkuah `y sqpjapy& Xlapa bpa sxidd sxidd pasxpioxikfs pasxpioxikfs xk xla sqpjiobd gaxlkh$ lkzauap& Xla ~bpxibd pagkubd if bfy hajpaa ke bfy ~bpx ke xla `khy zidd ifauixb`dy pasqdx if faz ifmqpy& Bs xla fkpgbd `khy sxpqoxqpas bpa oqx b~bpx$ `dkkh uassads$ xla dyg~l bfh faqpbd sysxags bpa bpa slqx kee if xla okqpsa ke xla k~apbxikf& _kgaxigas$ gkpa lbpgeqd okfsarqafoas pasqdx& ^pkuihah xla obfoap oadds lbua bdpabhy ifxpqhah ifxk uixbd ifxapfbd kpjbfs bfh xla gahiobd opaz gqsx ifhaah jk xlpkqjl zixl xla hpbsxio k~apbxikf$ sbeaxy issqas bfh okfoapfs gqsx faoassbpidy à bhhpassah& If paoafx yabps$ xla dbsap kp afxk~xio gippkp gaxlkh ke k~apbxikf lbs bxxpboxah gqol bxxafxikf if xla gahiobd saoxkp àobqsa$ fkx kfdy hkas ix afmky b lijl sqooass pbxa$ ix bdsk pahqoas `khy ifmqpy bfh ~ksx'sqpjapy okg~diobxikfs& Xla sadaoxikf ke xla ~pk~ap gaxlkh is sxidd qdxigbxady sq`maox xk xla ~pqhafx b~~pbisbd ke xla bxxafhifj ~lysioibfs& 0& Bfxi'Obfoap Hpqjs Xpabxgafx

Xla qsa ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs is gksx aeeaoxiua if xla xpabxgafx ke daqcagib bfh gbdijfbfx dyg~lkgb& If bhhixikf$ ix is bdsk b~~diob`da xk xla adigifbxikf ke obfoap oadds xlbx obffkx à okg~daxady pagkuah pagkuah `y k~apbxikf& If xla ag~dkygafx ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ lkzauap$ fkpgbd oadds bpa hasxpkyah xkjaxlap zixl xla obfoap oadds bfh uikdafx siha aeeaoxs bpa fkpgbddy gbfieasxah&

Kfoa xla hijasxiua$

lagbxk~kiaxio bfh dyg~lkih sysxags bpa hispq~xah$ zlixa `dkkh oadds haodifa$ dkss ke b~~axixa is a|~apiafoah bfh xla ~bxiafx is jafapbddy sb~~ah ke lis ~lysiobd afapjy&

Okfxpbpy xk xla ~qp~ksa ke labdifj$ ifokg~daxa gaxb`kdisg bfh xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

okfsarqafx booqgqdbxikf ke hpqjs zixlif xla `khy xlbx gby zadd a|oaah xla pbfja xlbx xla ~bxiafx okqdh afhqpa gby xpijjap obola|ib kp xla jafapbd zbsxifj bzby ke xla `khy kp zabcafifj ke xla `pbif& Okggkf siha aeeaoxs ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs ifodqha=  Ifliìxikf ke xla `kfa gbppkz eqfoxikf= hqa xk xla ifopabsa if zlixa

`dkkh oadds$ `dkkh ~dbxadaxs$ pah `dkkh oadds$ lagkjdkìf$ bfh xla haodifa ke xla iggqfa sysxag$ syg~xkgs sqol bs `boxapibd ifeaoxikf$ eauap$ `daahifj bfh a|lbqsxikf gby à fkxioa&  Haodifa if afxapkjbsxpkfa eqfoxikf= xlipsx$ bfkpa|ib$ fbqsab$ ukgixifj$

ifedbggbxikf ke gqokqs gag`pbfa ke xla gkqxl$ qdoap$ okfsxi~bxikf$ hibpplab$ lagkpplbja if jbsxpkifxasxifbd xpbox$ b`hkgifbd ~bif&  Zabcafifj ke xla iggqfa sysxag= ifob~bìdixy ke ihafxieyifj fkpgbd

epkg b`fkpgbd oadds bfh ifob~bìdixy ke ifliìxifj jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds xlbx gby dabh xk gaxbsxbsis&  Bxxafqbxikf ke cihfay eqfoxikf= diuap ~bif bfh agapjafoa ke mbqfhioa&  Bxxafqbxikf ke xla labpx = hidbxikf ke labpx ubduas$ ~qeeifass ke dig`s

bfh eboa obqsah `y hisxqp`bfoa if xla `dkkh oipoqdbxikf&  Bxxafqbxikf ke dqfj eqfoxikf= ifxapgixxafx la~bxixis$ kuap ifedbxikf ke

dqfjs$ eauap$ okqjl$ bfh hys~fab kp hieeioqdxy if `pabxlifj&  Ifedqafoa kf faqpbd sysxag=

~bpbdysis ke lbfhs bfh eaax$ b`fkpgbd

eaadifjs bpisifj epkg ~api~lapbd faqpixis&  @bdhfass= dkss ke lbip gby beeaox xla ~bxiafx’s agkxikf3 zlaf kfa is

ha~passah$ epaa pbhiobds xlbx ifopabsa obfoap oadds gby à boxiubxah& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

5


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

?& Pbhikxlapb~y

Pbhikboxiua pbys ifediox xpagafhkqs obsqbdxias bgkfj xla ykqfj$ qfokfxpkddb`da oadds& Pbhikboxiuixy obf hasxpky hasxpky obfoap oadd jpkzxl bfh obf auaf à b~~diah kf b dkobdi}ah `bsis okfoafxpbxifj kf xla ~bpxioqdbp ifubhah `khy ~bpx& Xlis gkhbdixy is dicazisa zadd booa~xah if adigifbxifj obfoap oadds xlbx obffkx à okg~daxady pagkuah `y sqpjapy& Bdxlkqjl pbhikboxiua pbys obf xkxbddy hasxpky obfoap oadds$ xla xpabxgafx obf ~pkua lbpgeqd auaf xk xla labdxly$ fkpgbd oadds& Ix is$ xlapaekpa$ xlapaekpa$ ifb~~pk~pibxa xk ag~dky pbhikxlapb~y kf ~bxiafxs zlk bpa if xla eifbd sxbja ke obfoap bfh zlksa ~lysiobd okfhixikf is a|xpagady zabc& Okggkf siha aeeaoxs ke pbhikxlapb~y bpa=  Qfokfxpkddb`da edbpa'q~s$ labhbola$ uapxijk$ bxxafqbxikf ke xla

iggqfa sysxag3  Bfkpa|ib$ fbqsab$ ukgixifj$ ifhijasxikf$ b`hkgifbd hisxafsikf bfh

hibpplab3  Haopabsa if zlixa `dkkh oadds bfh `dkkh ~dbxadaxs pasqdxifj epkg xla

ifliìxah ~pkhqoxikf ke `kfa gbppkz bfh xla okfsarqafx lagbxk~kiaxio hiskphap3  ^kssi`da siha aeeaoxs kf kxlap ~bpxs ke xla `khy=  _cif syg~xkgs= edqslifj$ ixolifj$ `bdhfass$ ~ijgafx ~paoi~ixbxikf$

qdoapbxikf$ okfjasxikf$ ahagb$ `disxaps bfh qdoaps3  _yg~xkgs if xla gkqxl obuixy=

ifedbggbxikf ke xla gqokqs

gag`pbfa ke xla gkqxl$ xlipsx$ bdxapbxikf kp okg~daxa ha~piubxikf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) :


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ke xla safsas ke xbsxa bfh sgadd hqa xk xla bxpk~ly ke xla sbdiubpy jdbfh3  _yg~xkgs if xla `pbif= afoa~lbdbxpk~ly$ `pbif faopksis$ gyadixis

bfh hisxqp`bfoa kp disxdassfass if eaadifjs bfh gkuagafxs&  _yg~xkgs if xla dqfjs=

~faqgkfib$ okqjl$ a|~aoxkpbxikf bfh

eauap&

Xla Okg~dagafxbpy Eqfoxikfs Ke Olifasa Bfh Zasxapf Gahioifas Bs bdd ke xla b`kua'a|~dbifah xpabxgafxs bpa pkkxah if zasxapf gahioifa$ Olifasa gahioifa zkqdh saag xk à b `dassifj zixl ixs dkfj lisxkpy if xla okqpsa ke 1>>> yabps bfh ixs okg~dagafxbpy boxikfs if padiauifj xla lbpgeqd pasqdxs if xla b~~diobxikf ke zasxapf gahioifa&

Xlapa pagbifs pagbifs b okfsihapb`da bgkqfx bgkqfx ke paokphs habdifj zixl

~bxlkjafio dkjio$ sq`maoxiua syg~xkgs bfh hisabsa padbxah eabxqpas kf xla lqgbf `khy bfh paokphah xpabxgafxs if bfoiafx Olifasa hkoqgafxs& Bgkfj xlasa lisxkpiobd bookqfxs$ fqgapkqs ukdqgas ukdqgas habd zixl obfoap'padbxah obfoap'padbxah iddfassas& Ekp a|bg~da$ — Pajqdbpixy bfh Ippajqdbpixy Hkoxpifa‗ bfh — Hibdkjqa kf Gahioifa‗ `kxl habdx zixl xla ~bxlkjafio

xlakpy ke obfoap bfh okfxbifah okfodqsikfs hpbzf epkg sqooasseqd sqooasseqd xpabxgafxs& Xlay dicazisa okfxbifah haxbidah ifxap~paxbxikfs ke xlakpias bfh gaxlkhs xlbx obf à haagah padaubfx auaf xkhby& Dbxap$ haxbidah ifxpkhqoxikf xk xla `kkcs zidd à ~pkuihah& ~pkuihah& Olifasa gahioifa afmkys xla pa~qxbxikf bs xla —assafoa ke odifiobd a|~apiafoa kuap xlkqsbfhs ke yabps‗ àobqsa pasqdxs bpa boliauah bfh jbxlapah xlpkqjl okfxifqkqs a|~apigafxbxikfs bfh xasxs xasxs bfh$ if fk zby `bsah kf ly~kxlasis kp hahqoxikf& Ubsxdy


<


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hieeapafx epkg ifjpahiafxs qsah if zasxapf gahioifa$ Olifasa gahioifa `kbsxs ke xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs xlbx bpa okg~dagafxbpy xk zasxapf gahioifa if xlbx ix jafapbddy sqooaahs if ~pkuifj bf kuapbdd labdifj zixlkqx eqpxlap ifedioxifj xla ~bxiafx zixl ~bifeqd siha aeeaoxs&

Xb`da 2= Oqppafx _ixqbxikf ke xla Aeeaoxs ke Bfxi'Obfoap Bjafxs

Aeeaox Jpkq~

Xpabxgafx

A|xafhah

Xqgkp

Xy~as

dkfjauixy

_lpqfc

Ke Obfoap Boqxa dyg~lagib Gksx ~k~qdbp

2

Obfoap ke olidhpaf @pabsx obfoap _gbdd'oadd obpoifkgb ke

0

dqfj _xkgbol obfoap Fkf sgbdd'oadd obpoifkgb ke dqfj ?

\

Oapuiobd obfoap Dbpja ifxasxifa obfoap Diuap obfoap

8

\

\

\

^bfopabxio obfoap Ly~kxlypkih obfoap _xkgbol obfoap

= aeeaoxiua

= ifokfs~ioqkqs

\ = ifhisxifjqislb`da

,rqkxah epkg Hbidy Fazs$ Fkuagàp 20$ 2991 SOkfsqdxbxikf 1 ke Bfxi'obfoap BjafxW&)

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ie zasxapf gahioifa is haeifah bs ~bpxibd xpabxgafx$ xlaf Olifasa gahioifa slbdd à haeifah bs kuapbdd xpabxgafx& Kfdy zixl xla bpxeqd bpxeqd ifxajpbxikf ke `kxl obf za aeeaoxiuady eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& If ebox$ gksx Olifasa xpbhixikfbd gahioifa ~kssassas xla faoassbpy xlapb~aqxio ~pk~apxy xk eijlx eijlx obfoap& Ekp a|bg~da$ ifjpahiafxs ke oqppafx bfxi'obfoap hpqjs hpqjs bpa bdd hapiuah epkg fbxqpbd ~dbfxs xlbx okggkfdy ekpg xla aeeaoxiua okfxafxs ke Olifasa gahioifa& If bhhixikf$ Olifasa gahioifa is as~aoibddy pafkzfah ekp ixs fqxpixikfbd ubdqa bfh xkfio aeeaox xlbx obf boxiubxa xla iggqfa sysxag sysxag ke xla `khy& Kfoa xla iggqfa sysxag is aflbfoah$ xla `khy obf `y ixsade ifliìx xla pa~pkhqoxikf ke obfoap oadds bfh qdxigbxady$ hasxpky xlag& Zixl abol sqooasseqd obsa$ ix is àokgifj bf ifhis~qxb`da ifhis~qxb`da ebox xlbx labdifj àokgas gqol gkpa aeeaoxiua xlpkqjl xla okgìfah qsa ke Olifasa gahioifa$ bfxi'obfoap hpqjs hpqjs bfh pbhikxlapb~y& _qol ~pboxioa is auaf okfhqoiua xk absiap absiap bfh ebsxap paokuapy bexap sqpjapy&

Olbpboxapisxios Ke Olifasa Xpbhixikfbd Gahioifa Bs hieeapafx bs Olifasa bfh zasxapf gahioifas bpa if xlaip gahiobd b~~pkbolas$ `kxl slbpa b okggkf jkbd& Bs Olifasa gahioifa `kbsxs ke s~aoibd xlakpias bfh eabxqpas$ xlapa bpa b fqgàp ke hieeapafoas if xla xzk gkhbdixias& _ig~dy s~abcifj$ xla bhubfxbjas ke qsifj Olifasa gahioifa paoxiey xla hisbhubfxbjas kp ifbh arqboias ke zasxapf gahioifa&


2>


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ekddkzifj is b `piae hisoqssikf kf xla gahiobd kpiafxbxikf ke Olifasa xpbhixikfbd gahioifa= ,2) Okfoa~x ke Zlkdisg Epkg bf ifxajpbd ~aps~aoxiua$ Olifasa gahioifa xbcas xla zlkda `khy ifxk okfsihapbxikf zlaf xpabxifj iddfass& iddfass& _ifoa obfoap beeaoxs xla xla zlkda `khy$ Olifasa gahioifa hkas fkx ~by bxxafxikf skdady kf xla beedioxah `khy ~bpx `qx sxpassas xla aflbfoagafx ke xla iggqfa sysxag bs b zlkda& Olifasa gahioifa bhukobxas b`kua bdd xla faoassixy xk pagkua xla obfoap fihqs xk ~pauafx ixs qfokfxpkddah ~pkdieapbxikf bs zadd bs xla ~kssiìdixy ke gaxbsxbsis& ,0) Uixbd us& Gbdijfbfx Hkoxpifa Bdd ~bxlkjafs bpa okfsihapah —gbdijfbfx‗ if Olifasa gahioifa zlida `khy pasisxbfoa bjbifsx hisabsa hisabsa is uiazah uiazah bs —uixbd‗& —uixbd‗& Kxlap xlbf agkxikfbd sxpass xlbx ifhqoas ~pkhqoxikf ke obfoap ~bxlkjafs$ xlapa bpa sxidd gkpa pabskfs zly xlis sixqbxikf a|isxs3 xk gafxikf skga$ sxbjfbxikf ke xla ri ,b gkpìh okfhixikf sifoa xla oipoqdbxikf ke ri is ig~ahah dabhifj xk dkobdi}ah k`sxpqoxikf=$ `dkkh sxbsis ,`dkkh sxbjfbxikf if oapxbif bpabs ke xla `khy hqa xk xla sdqjjisl edkz ke ri kp `dkkh bfh xpbqgb)$ fk|ikqs labx ,~bxlkjafio bfh fk|ikqs ri)$ booqgqdbxikf ke hbg~fass kp lqgihixy bfh booqgqdbxikf ke ~ldajg ,~ldajg pagbif if oapxbif bpabs ke xla `khy)& Xla uixbd ri okfsxixqxas ke ekqp adagafxs sqol bs ri$ `dkkh$ yif bfh ybfj& Obfoap bpisas epkg xla ifsqeeioiafoy ke xla uixbd ri bfh xla gbdijfbfx ri iggahibxady gkuas if if xk eidd xla xla `pabol& Zixl xla ifbharqbxa sq~~dy ke uixbd ri$ bdd xla uixbd kpjbfs ke xla `khy sxbpx xk afapubxa& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 22


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If xla sk'obddah —~pa'bidgafx‗ sxbja$ xla gksx ig~kpxbfx b~~pkbol ke Olifasa gahioifa is xla ~pauafxikf ke obfoap xlpkqjl xla gbifxafbfoa ke `khy pasisxbfoa bfh okfsxbfx booqgqdbxikf ke uixbd ri&

Xla Olifasa sbyifj

—Gbdijfbfoa zixlhpbzs if eboa ke xla uixbd ri‗ odabpdy a|~passas xlis eipg àdiae& Xla kooqppafoa ke obfoap obf à okg~bpah xk xla okg`bx àxzaaf uixbd bfh gbdijfbfx ri&

If obsa xla uixbd ri paokuaps bfh ifopabsifjdy sxpafjxlafs$ xla

gbdijfbfx ri zidd zbfa bfh xla iddfass iddfass zidd jpbhqbddy hisb~~abp& hisb~~abp& Okfxpbpidy$ ie xla gbdijfbfx ri is jiuaf xla k~~kpxqfixy xk ifxafsiey zlida xla uixbd ri ebhas$ xla ~lysiobd sxbxa ke xla ~bxiafx zidd haxapikpbxa bfh zidd à hpiuaf xk b xapgifbd sxbxa& ,?) Okg~palafsiua Hibjfksis ,Hibjfksis bfh xpabxgafx `bsah kf kuapbdd bfbdysis ke syg~xkgs bfh sijfs$ xla obqsa$ fbxqpa bfh dkobxikf ke xla iddfass$ bfh xla ~bxiafx’s ~lysiobd okfhixikf bookphifj xk `bsio xlakpias ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa‗ Bfkxlap qfirqa eabxqpa ke Olifasa gahioifa dias kf xla beeipgbxikf ke —syfhpkga‗ ,b xapg xk okddaoxiuady sqggbpi}a oapxbif syg~xkgs bfh sijfs bookphifj xk xla xlakpias xlakpias ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa)& _ig~dy ~qx$ hieeapafx dkobxikfs ke obfoap bfh hieeapafx hajpaas ke haxapikpbxikf dabh xk hieeapafx syfhpkga& —Okg~palafsiua hibjfksis‗$ xlapaekpa$ is xla gksx hisxifoxiua eabxqpa ke Olifasa gahioifa if xlbx ix eixs aeeioiafx ~pasopi~xikf xk xla s~aoibd kp ~bpxioqdbp sxbxas ke iddfass& Xla okg~palafsiua hibjfksis ifukduas=

xla aijlx aijlx ~pifoi~bd ~pifoi~bd syfhpkgas syfhpkgas

,sapuifj bs jqihadifas if hibjfksis$ fbgady$ yif bfh ybfj$ a|xapikp bfh ifxapikp$ okdh bfh labx$ haeioiafx bfh a|oassiua syfhpkgas)3 hieeapafxibxikf ke hisabsas Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

20


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bookphifj xk ~bxlkdkjiobd olbfjas ke xla uisoapb bfh xlaip ifxappadbxikfs3 hieeapafxibxikf ke syfhpkgas bookphifj xk xla sxbxa ke ri bfh `dkkh3 bfbdysis bfh hieeapafxibxikf ke ea`pida hisabsas if bookphbfoa zixl xla xlak py ke xla si| olbffads ,fbgady$ xla Xbixif$ _lbkyif$ Mqayif$ Ybfjgifj$ Xbiybfj$ bfh _lbkybfj olbffads)3 bfh xla hieeapafxibxikf ke syfhpkgas bookphifj xk xla ~bxlkdkjiobd olbfjas ke xpi'mibk ,ifodqhifj q~~ap'$ gihhda'$ bfh dkzap'mibk$ xla q~~ap ke zliol lkqsas xla labpx bfh dqfjs3 xla gihhda ke zliol$ xla s~daaf bfh sxkgbol$ xla dkzap'mibk$ xla diuap$ cihfay$ qpifbpy qpifbpy `dbhhap$ sgbdd sgbdd bfh dbpja ifxasxifas)& Xla xpabxgafx ke obfoap okfoapfs xlpaa gbif ixags= xla aijlx ~pifoi~bd syfhpkgas$ hieeapafxibxikf ke hisabsas bookphifj xk ~bxlkdkjiobd olbfjas ke xla uisoapb bfh xlaip ifxappadbxikfs3 bfh xla hieeapafxibxikf ke syfhpkgas bookphifj xk xla sxbxa ke ri bfh `dkkh& Xla ~pifoi~da ke —sxpafjxlafifj xla `khy pasisxbfoa xk adigifbxa adigifbxa ~bxlkjafio eboxkps‗ jafapbddy ifodqhas= lagksxbsis `y ifuijkpbxifj ri ,xpabxifj lagkpplbja hqa xk haeioiafoy ke ri zixl hpqjs)3 fkqpislifj yif bfh sq~~dagafxifj ybfj$ odabpifj bzby labx bfh xk|io gbxapibd$ pajqdbxifj xla oipoqdbxikf ke ri ,b xlapb~y qsifj gahioifas xlbx ~pkgkxa xla edkz ke ri$ olaoc ixs q~zbph bhuapsa edkz$ bfh pa~dafisl ix xk xpabx sxbjfbxikf$ bhuapsa edkz bfh haeioiafoy ke ri)$ ~pkgkxifj `dkkh oipoqdbxikf `y pagkuifj `dkkh sxbsis$ pagkuifj hbg~fass bfh ~ldajg$ hisskduifj xla lbph dqg~s$ skexafifj bfh hisskduifj lbph gbssas , b xlapb~y ekp gbssas ekpgah `y booqgqdbxikf ke ~ldajg bfh `dkkh sxbsis)3 xpabxifj xpabxifj xla xk|io hisabsa hisabsa zixl ~kiskfkqs bjafxs$ axo& Zixl paeapafoa xk xk xlasa ~pifoi~das$ za obf hibjfksa obfoap bfh zkpc kqx s~aoieio pagahias xkjaxlap zixl xla b~~pk~pibxa sadaoxikf ke gahiobxikf xk skkxla$ ie fkx oqpa ix& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

,8) Eqfoxikf Bhmqsxgafx Olifasa gahioifa `kbsxs ke sxb`da bfh gidh xlapb~aqxio aeeioboy zixl uapy sdijlx siha aeeaoxs& Zasxapf gahioifa$ kf xla kxlap lbfh$ is rqixa cfkzf ekp xla lbpgeqd bfh qfokgekpxb`da siha aeeaoxs xlbx ~dbjqa xla ~bxiafx qfhap xpabxgafx& Qfhafib`dy$ siha aeeaoxs saag xk à b faoassbpy auid if xla qsa ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ `qx if ag~dkyifj Olifasa gahioifa$ siha aeeaoxs bpa ca~x xk b gifigqg xlpkqjl xla ~pk~ap `bdbfoa ke xla gahiobd ifjpahiafxs& _ijfieiobfxdy$ Olifasa gahioifa fkx kfdy ig~pkuas xla xlapb~aqxio aeeioboy ke obfoap xpabxgafx$ ix dicazisa ekpxieias xla zlkda iggqfa sysxag ke xla ~bxiafx&

Ifxajpbxikf Ke Zasxapf Bfh Olifasa Gahioifa Jafapbddy s~abcifj$ Olifasa bfh Zasxapf gahioifa lbua xlaip pas~aoxiua ~pks bfh okfs& Zasxapf gahioifa$ zixl ixs as~kqsbd ke pbhiobd k~apbxikf$ qsa ke bfxi'obfoap bjafxs bfh pbhikboxiua pbys$ ag~lbsi}as xla sziex bfh iggahibxa oqpa ke obfoap zliol obffkx à boliauah `y Olifasa gahioifa& Zlida za bpa caaf kf xla sxpkfj xlapb~aqxio aeeioboy aeeioboy ke Zasxapf gahioifa$ za obffkx ijfkpa xla uapy sapikqs siha aeeaoxs ke xlis gkhbdixy xlbx okqdh hk bs gqol lbpg bs xla obfoap ixsade& If xlis pas~aox$ xla sxb`da bfh gidh Olifasa gahioifa hagkfsxpbxas uapy sdijlx siha aeeaoxs& Bookphifjdy$ xlapa zkqdh à fkxlifj àxxap xlbf xla ifxajpbxah ag~dkygafx ke `kxl Olifasa bfh Zasxapf gahioifas bfh dabpfifj epkg abol kxlap’s okfsihapb`da bhubfxbjas xk keesax xla iflapafx zabcfassas if abol xlapb~y&

Zlida zasxapf pagahy ob~b`dy bxxbocs xla obfoap oadds$ xla Olifasa

pagahy$ if xqpf$ okqfxapboxs xla ~bifeqd siha aeeaoxs bs zadd bs aflbfoas xla `khy’s


28


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

iggqfixy xlbx ix gby borqipa xla uijkp faahah xk eijlx obfoap& Xlpkqjl xlis ifxajpbxikf$ za fkx kfdy q~jpbha xla xlapb~aqxio aeeioboy ke `kxl pagahias `qx bdsk okfuifoifjdy ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis kp paoqppafoa paoqppafoa ke xla hisabsa& Za zidd fauap à bepbih ke eboifj obfoap bjbif& Ie zasxapf gahioifa is haeifah bs ~bpxibd xpabxgafx$ xlaf Olifasa gahioifa ig~dias kuapbdd xpabxgafx& xpabxgafx& Kfdy zixl xla sciddeqd ifxajpbxikf ifxajpbxikf ke `kxl obf za aeeaoxiuady aeeaoxiuady eijlx bjbifsx obfoap&

Oqppafx _ixqbxikf Ke Ifxajpbxikf Ke Olifasa Bfh Zasxapf Gahiobd Pagahias Xla sk'obddah ifxajpbxikf ke Olifasa bfh Zasxapf gahiobd pagahias hkas fkx sig~dy paeap xk xla hqbd b~~diobxikfs ke `kxl Olifasa bfh zasxapf gahioifas fkp xla bhk~xikf ke kxlap b~~pkbolas bexap b sqsxbifah ~apikh ke qsbja ke kfa& B`kua bdd$ xla okfodqsikf ke xla pas~aoxiua bhubfxbjas ke Olifasa bfh zasxapf gahioifas slkqdh à `bsah kf xla bfbdysis ke xla okfhixikfs bs zadd bs xla ~bxlkdkjiobd eabxqpas ke xla iddfass& Zixl xla xbidkp'gbha xpabxgafx solaga$ ix is dicady xk boliaua jkbds ke ifxajpixy$ xlkqjlxeqdfass bfh zaddfass if xla xpabxgafx ~pkoass&

_~aoieio b~~pkbolas ke

okgìfbxikfs bpa= ,2) Xpabxgafx bookphifj xk hieeapafxibxikf ke syg~xkgs bfh sijfs U_& hieeapafxibxikf ke iddfass

Bookphifj xk xla zasxapf gbffap ke hibjfksis$ sauapbd xpabxgafx solagas obf à sadaoxah epkg bgkfj sqpjapy$ pbhikxlapb~y bfh bfxi'obfoap bjafxs& Xlpkqjl xla bfbdysis ke xla sxbxa sxbxa ke xla iddfass iddfass `bsah kf hieeapafx Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 21


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

sxbjas sxbfhbphi}ah if Olifasa gahioifa$ za obf b~~dy xla xpabxgafx bookphifj xk xla hieeapafoas if xla syg~xkgs& syg~xkgs& Ekp iddfassas zixl xla sbga sbga hibjfksis$ xla hieeapafoa if kfa kp xzk okfhixikfs kp if xla hieeapafx sxbjas zidd ubpy xla —syfhpkgas‗ bs b okfsarqafoa&

Fbxqpbddy$ xla ~pifoi~das ke

xpabxgafx zidd bdsk hieeap ,kfa gaxlkh —sq~~dagafxifj ri bfh fkqpislifj yif‗$ xla kxlap gaxlkh — hisskduifj ~ldajg bfh pagkuifj hbg~fass‗)& Obfoap ke xla dqfj$ ekp a|bg~da$ obf à odbssieiah ifxk sqol xy~as bs haeioiafoy ke `kxl ri bfh yif , b gkpìh okfhixikf olbpboxapi}ah `y a|lbqsxikf ke `kxl yif edqihs bfh ybfj$ qsqbddy saaf if xla dbxa sxbja ke a~ihagio ea`pida hisabsa bfh olpkfio okfsqg~xiua hisabsas)$ bfh xla xy~a ke ~ldajg'hbg~fass& Xlis is xapgah —xpabxifj xla sbga hisabsa zixl hieeapafx gaxlkhs‗ if Olifasa gahioifa& If bhhixikf$ ~bxiafxs sqeeapifj epkg hieeapafx xy~as ke obfoap bpa ekqfh xk slbpa xla sbga —syfhpkga‗ if b oapxbif sxbja ke xla iddfass ,ekp a|bg~da$ xla syfhpkga ke ifsqeeioiafoy ke xla s~daaf'ri$ ly~k eqfoxikf ke xla s~daaf ‟ b gkpìh okfhixikf oliaedy gbfieasxah zixl haopabsah hijasxikf bfh b`skp~xiua eqfoxikfs)$ bfh Olifasa gahioifa zidd b~~dy xla sbga xpabxgafx gaxlkh ke —sxpafjxlafifj xla s~daaf bfh pa~dafislifj ri‗ xk xlag& Xlis is booa~xah bs xpabxifj hieeapafx hisabsas zixl xla sbga xlapb~aqxio ~pifoi~da$ zlapa`y$ xla zlkda `khy paoaiuas ~pk~ap ~ pk~ap xpabxgafx& ,0) Xla okgìfbxikf ke xla gaxlkh —sxpafjxlafifj xla `khy pasisxbfoa‗ zixl xla gaxlkh —adigifbxifj ~bxlkjafio eboxkps‗

Zliolauap gabfs ke xpabxgafx is ag~dkyah$ zlaxlap sqpjapy$ pbhikxlapb~y kp bfxi'obfoap bjafxs$ xlasa bpa bdd aeeaoxiua xpabxgafxs bjbifsx Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

25


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

obfoap ,adigifbxifj ke ~bxlkjafio eboxkps)& eboxkps)& Xla hasxpqoxikf ke obfoap oadds$ oadds$ lkzauap$ lbs ixs fajbxiua ifedqafoa kf xla iggqfixy ke xla lqgbf `khy bfh ifauixb`dy `pifj b`kqx siha aeeaoxs$ aeeaoxs$ okg~diobxikfs$ bfh kxlap hauadk~gafxs& If xla hasijf ke xla xpabxgafx solaga$ ix is faoassbpy xk xbca ifxk okfsihapbxikf eboxkps sqol bs aflbfoifj xla okg~palafsiua iggqfixy ke xla ~bxiafx , fbgady$ sxpafjxlafifj `khy pasisxbfoa )$ pa~bipifj ifmqpah oadds bfh ig~pkuifj pasisxbfoa bjbifsx obfoap& ,?) Ifxajpbd xpabxgafx U_& ^bpxibd xpabxgafx

Ekp sqol obfoaps bs scif obfoap$ fbsk~lbpyfjabd obfoap$ bfh qpifbpy `dbhhap obfoap$ ix is k`dijbxkpy xk b~~dy ifxajpbd xpabxgafx&

Ekp xapgifbd xapgifbd

obfoap$ lkzauap$ zixl kùikqs ~pkdieapbxikf ke xla obfoap oadds xk xla afxipa `khy$ xla ~bpxibd xpabxgafx xpabxgafx afmkys ~pikpixy& @aobqsa ke xla sabpifj ~bif bpisifj epkg xqàp okg~passikf$ za slkqdh ~bpxibddy b~~dy pbhikboxiua xpabxgafx xk skkxla xla agapjifj syg~xkgs ke xla ~bxiafx& Hqpifj xla okqpsa ke ~bpxibd xpabxgafx sqol bs k~apbxikf bfh pbhikboxiua xpabxgafx$ Olifasa gahioifa obf à ag~dkyah xk pa~bip bfh bih xla ~bxiafx’s `khy borqipa k~xigqg k~skfio boxikf& Oqppafxdy$ xlis okfoa~x ke a|xafhifj ~bpxibd xpabxgafx xk ifxajpbd xpabxgafx xqpfs kqx xk à xla gksx ~pkgisifj b~~pkbol if gbfy ~ak~da’s ~aps~aoxiua& ,8) Okg~palafsiua Xpabxgafx

Kfdy zixl xla okgìfbxikf ke gahiobd xpabxgafx bfh xla soiafxieio gbfbjagafx ke xla ~bxiafx’s dieasxyda obf xla obfoap xpabxgafx pagbif epqixeqd& Bexap sqpjapy kp if xla okqpsa ke paoaiuifj pbhikxlapb~y kp bfxi'obfoap bjafxs$ Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xla ~bxiafx slkqdh gbifxbif b pajqdbxah hiax$ diua if b pajqdbp zby zixl ~pk~ap a|apoisa xk boliaua b sbxiseboxkpy xlapb~aqxio pasqdx bfh bukih xla paoqppafoa ke xla hisabsa& hisabsa&

B zadd'pkqfhah zadd'pkqfhah xpabxgafx xpabxgafx slkqdh$ xlapaekpa$ ifodqha dieasxyda dieasxyda

gbfbjagafx as~aoibddy hqpifj xla ~apikh ke okfubdasoafoa& ,1) _lkpx'Xapg Xpabxgafx U_& Dkfj'Xapg Xpabxgafx

If hasijfifj xla dkfj'xapg xpabxgafx$ za slkqdh jpbhqbddy b~~dy xla ~dbf if bookphbfoa xk xla sxbxa ke ~pkjpassikf ke `kxl xla ~bxiafx bfh xla iddfass& If kxlap zkphs$ bhk~x hieeapafx hieeapafx b~~pkbolas kf hieeapafx sxbjas& Xla ag~lbsis slbdd fkx à kf slkpx'xapg pasqdxs `qx kf ~pasapuifj bfh okfskdihbxifj xla xlapb~aqxio aeeaox sk ebp afmkyah$ ~pauafxifj paoqppafoa$ bs zadd bs kf xla paokuapy ke dkfj'xapg fkpgbd diea&

Xb`da 0= Okg~bpiskf ke xla Xpabxgafx Pasqdxs àxzaaf àxzaaf xla Pas~aoxiua Ag~dkygafx ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ Pbhibxikf Xlapb~y bfh xla Okgìfah B~~diobxikf ke Olagkxlapb~y bfh Xibf \ibf Dirqih ,Okg~bpiskf ke xpabxgafx pasqdxs àxzaaf okgìfah ag~dkygafx ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh xla pbhibxikf xlapb~y zixl skdady pbhibxikf xlapb~y)

Aeeaox Jpkq~

Fqgàp Ke obsas ,^bxiafxs)

Zixl Oqpa Hisxifoxiua Aeeaox 2? ~apskfs 5

Aeeaoxiua

Xkxbd

2

Fkx Aeeaoxiua >

1 <

> >

2>> 0>

0>

Okgìfah 0>

51! 5 ~apskfs

?> 5

^piubxa 0> ?>! ?> 8> > 2>> ,Okg~bpiskf àxzaaf SXibf \ibf Dirqih 2?1>gd # eqdd hksa HX5>>>ojy':1>>ojy ippbhibxikfW bfh S~piubxa eqdd hksa ke HX5>>>ojy ‟ :1>>ojy ippbhibxikfW)& ,b~~pk|igbxady ^ 7 >&>2) Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

2<


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

,Okg~bpiskf ke xpabxgafx pasqdxs àxzaaf okgìfah ag~dkygafx ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh olagkxlapb~y zixl skdady olagkxlapb~y)

Aeeaox Jpkq~

Fqgàp Ke obsas ,~bxiafxs)

Oqpa

Zixl Hisxifoxiua Aeeaox

Aeeaoxiua

Fkx Aeeaoxiua

Xkxbd

28 ~apskfs

20

2>

?<

09&0!

01

0>&<

:9&0

Okgìfah 8<

0 ~apskfs

00

<

08

?0

?&5!

?9&0

28&?

80&9

1:&0

^piubxa 15

,Okg~bpiskf àxzaaf SXibf \ibf Dirqih # ^KH$ ÔH0 bfxi'obfoap bjafxsW bfh S~piubxa ^KH$ ÔH0 bfxi'obfoap bjafxsW

Oqpa= okg~daxa hisb~~abpbfoa hisb~~abpbfoa ke xqgkp Hisxifoxiua aeeaox=

b`kua 1>! ke xqgkp

Xkxbd 

slpifcifj

Oqpa # hisxifoxiua aeeaox

Aeeaoxiua= 1>! ke xqgkp slpifcifj slpifcifj

#aeeaoxiua

Fkf'aeeaoxiua= xqgkp hauadk~gafx ‟ afdbpja



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

OLB^XAP II —Xibf \ibf Dirqih‗ ‟ Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Bfxi'obfoap Gahioifa

Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa Paokjfi}ah @y Xla Olifasa Jkuapfgafx Bdxlkqjl bdgksx bdd ke xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa bfxi'obfoap gahioifa odbigs xk à —b saopax ~pasopi~xikf lbfhah hkzf if xla ebgidy epkg jafapbxikf xk jafapbxikf‗$ xla sapias ke —Xibf \ibf‗ gahioifa sqol bs xla Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idd lbua qfhapjkfa sxpiox xasxs bfh pasabpol ke ixs ~lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikf& Zixl dkfj'xapg odifiobd a|~apigafxs hkfa kf b dbpja sobda bfh zixl b~~pkubd epkg obfoap ~bxiafxs$ ix lbs àaf fbxikfbddy paokjfi}ah bs xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa bfxi'obfoap gahioifa& Hauadk~ah epkg Olifasa gahiobd bfh ~lbpgboaqxiobd xlakpias$ xla sapias ke Xibf |ibf gahioifa ebdds ifxk xla obxajkpy ke —okg~da| lbf ~pasopi~xikf‗& ~pasopi~xikf‗& _~aoieiobddy$ xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf gahioifa bìhas `y xla xlakpias ke ~pkgkxifj xla oipoqdbxikf ke ri b xlapb~aqxio gaxlkh xk padiaua sxbjfbxikf ke ri `y qsifj gahioifas xlbx pajqdbxa ixw3 ~pkgkxifj `dkkh oipoqdbxikf `y pagkuifj `dkkh sxbsis ,b gaxlkh qsifj `dkkh'boxiubxifj bfh sxbsis'adigifbxifj gahioifa)3 hisskduifj lbph dqg~s$ skexafifj bfh hisskduifj lbph gbssas , b xlapb~y ekp xla booqgqdbxikf ke ~ldajg bfh `dkkh sxbsis)3 odabpifj bzby labx bfh xk|io gbxapibds3 adigifbxifj hbg~fass bfh pagkuifj ~ldajg3 bfh pagkuifj faopkxio


0>


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xissqas bfh ~pkgkxifj jpbfqdbxikf ,b gaxlkh qsah xk pagkua ~qxpih xissqas bfh ~pkgkxa jpkzxl ke faz xissqas)& Xla gahioifa ~bys s~aoibd bxxafxikf xk xla hipaox bxxboc kf obfoap oadds& Kf xla kxlap lbfh$ hqa xk ixs hipaox bxxboc kf obfoap oadds bs zadd bs ixs aeeaox kf xla adigifbxikf ke ~bxlkjafio eboxkps$ Xibf \ibf gahioifa bdsk ~pkuihas sqol eqfoxikfs bs sxpafjxlafifj xla s~daaf bfh sxkgbol ,ig~pkuifj bfh ~pkxaoxifj xla hijasxiua sysxag)3 ifuijkpbxifj xla diuap bfh paifekpoifj xla cihfay ,sq~~dagafxifj xla eqfoxikfs ke `kxl xla diuap bfh xla cihfays bfh fkqpislifj xla diuap xkk)3 pasxkpifj ri bfh afpiolifj xla `dkkh3 pajqdbxifj yif bfh fkqpislifj ybfj ,ekp `khy `bdbfoa)$ axo& If xlis gbffap$ xla kpijifbd kpijifbd iggqfixy ke xla `khy bjbifsx obfoap zidd à pasxkpah bfh xla uixbd ri zidd à oqdxiubxah& If xla gkhqdbxikf ke xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf gahioifa$ xla ekddkzifj xlakpias ke xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Olifasa gahioifa bpa paokjfi}ah= olbffad xpk~isg ke ~pk~apxy bfh edbukp ,~pk~apxy paeaps xk sqol ekqp ~pk~apxias bs okdh$ labx$ hbg~ bfh okkd3 zlida edbukp ifhiobxas lkx$ szaax$ boih$ ìxxap bfh sbdxy3 zixl ixs s~aoibd hpqj aeeaox$ ix boxs if xla s~aoibd gapihibfs bfh xla `kzad)$ bfh xla diexifj$ dkzapifj$ edkbxifj$ bfh sifcifj ,xlakpy ke hipaoxikf ke xla boxikf ke hpqjs)& Xla diexifj bfh edkbxifj hpqjs zixl q~zbph bfh kqxzbph kqxzbph aeeaoxs bpa qsah ekp boxiubxifj uixbdixy$ uixbdixy$ ifhqoifj szabxifj szabxifj bfh his~addifj his~addifj okdh&

Xla

dkzapifj bfh sifcifj ~kssass b hkzfzbph bfh ifzbph aeeaox bfh bpa qsah ekp xpbfrqidi}ifj$ okfskdihbxifj kp ~qpjbxikf& Xla ~pifoi~da ke gkfbpol$ gifisxap$ bssisxbfx bssisxbfx bfh jqiha ,xla hieeapafx pkdas ~dbyah `y hieeapafx ifjpahiafxs ke b ~pasopi~xikf) bpa bdsk okfsihapah ekp xlaip boxikf& Gkfbpol paeaps xk xk xla ~pifoi~bd hpqj$ hpqj$ zliol ~pkhqoas xla dabhifj boxikf if xpabxifj xla obqsa bfh gbif syg~xkgs syg~xkgs ke xla hisabsa& Gifisxap paeaps xk xla bhmqxbfx hpqj xlbx lad~s sxpafjxlaf xla boxikf ke xla ~pifoi~bd hpqj& Bssisxbfx paeaps paeaps xk Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 02


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xla bhmqxbfx hpqj xlbx lad~s keesax siha aeeaoxs bfh xla okfhqoxbfx hpqj paeaps xk xla hpqj xlbx hipaoxs xla boxikf ke xla ~pasopi~xikf kf xla beeaoxah olbffad kp xag~aps xla boxikf ke xla kxlap hpqjs& Kuap ?> gahiobd bfh ~lbpgbokdkjiobd ifsxixqxikfs bfh soiafoa ifsxixqxas bpkqfh xla zkpdh lbua okfhqoxah odifiobd k`sapubxikf kuap xla ~lbpgbokdkjy$ hpqj boxikf$ bfh xk|iokdkjy ke xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf gahioifa& Xlis sapias ke ~pkhqoxs lbs fkx kfdy ~pkuaf xlpkqjl soiafxieio hkoqgafxbxikfs ixs sq~apikp aeeaoxiuafass `qx bdsk ixs a|xafsiua b~~diobxikf zixl pas~aox xk obfoap xpabxgafx& If kxlap zkphs$ bgkfj bdd xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs hauadk~ah bopkss xla zkpdh$ xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs afmkys xla okfeihafoa xlbx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa hasapuas&

Xla Hauadk~gafx Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih I zbs gkxiubxah xk xk olbddafja obfoap booihafxbddy `y gy gy a|~apiafoa bs bf ifxapf& I kfoa sbz b 20 yabp kdh jipd cfaad àekpa b ~lysioibf bfh opy labpx'`pkcafdy$ —Hkoxkp$ ~dabsa sbua gy gkxlap" ^dabsa"‗ Bx xla afh ke gy zixs$ zixs$ I sig~dy sxkkh bsiha bfh lad~dassdy zbxolah xla ~paoikqs diea ke xlis dixxda jipd’s gkxlap xbcaf bzby `y xapgifbd diuap obfoap& Bx xlbx gkgafx$ I haxapgifah xk haukxa gy diea if xla eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& _ifoa I lbh eqdd okfeihafoa kf xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ I lbh ekoqsah gy afhabukps if hauadk~ifj ixs oqpbxiua bfh xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs kf obfoap& I sxbpxah gy mkqpfay `y okddaoxifj lap`s bfh ~pasopi~xikfs —ob~b`da ke xpabxifj obfoap‗$ bs zadd bs sabpolifj ekp ekdc xpabxgafxs xlbx lbh àaf lbfhah hkzf epkg kfa jafapbxikf xk bfkxlap bpkqfh xla okqfxpy& I zbs$ xlaf$ afjbjah if xla okg~palafsiua pasabpol pasabpol ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs if b ubpiaxy ke bs~aoxs& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ xkk$ I jbxlapah fabpdy 20>> Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

00


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xy~as ke opqha hpqjs bfh ~pasopi~xikfs bookphifj xk xla gahiobd xlakpias ke Olifasa gahioifa& If bhhixikf$ bdd ke xla opqha hpqjs bfh ~pasopi~xikfs ~pasopi~xikfs bpa odbssieiah `y xla ekqp xlakpias ke pagkuifj labx bfh xk|io gbxapibds$ ~pkgkxifj `dkkh oipoqdbxikf `y pagkuifj `dkkh sxbsis$ bddauibxifj ~bif bfh hisskduifj dqg~s$ bfh ifuijkpbxifj ri bfh afpiolifj `dkkh& Xla aeeaoxs hieeap zixl xla ubpikqs bsskpxgafxs bfh ~pasopi~xikfs ke opqha hpqjs& Ekp a|bg~da$ opqha hpqjs B bfh @ gbfieasx k~~ksixa pasqdxs zixl xla ~pk~kpxikf ke 2=2 kp 2=?$ kp eqpxlap$ ie bhhah xk O bfh H$ fk gbxxap lkz gqol is bhhah kp adigifbxah$ kfa s~kkfeqd ke xlis hadiobxa okgìfbxikf ~pkhqoas ifokg~bpb`da pasqdxs&

Xlis aeeaox is

xapgah bs —hqad aeeaox‗& Xla aeeaox ke sifjda xy~as ke opqha hpqjs gijlx à okggkf3 lkzauap$ zixl xla okgìfbxikf ke xzk$ xlpaa kp gkpa$ xla sq~apikp aeeaox zidd jpabxdy ig~pass ykq& Xlapa pagbifah 5> xy~as ke rqbdieiah opqha hpqjs sqpuiuifj epkg xla sxpiox sadaoxikf bfh eidxapifj ~pkoass ke kuap 20>> xy~as ke opqha hpqjs bs zadd bs ~pasopi~xikfs& Bexap bfkxlap pkqfh ke xasxs bfh sadaoxikf$ kfdy ?> xy~as sqooasseqddy lqphdah xla sxbfhbphs ~pasopiàh& Okg~ksah gbifdy ke opqha hpqjs zixl lijl bfxi'obfoap aeeaox$ xla ?> xy~as slkzah aflbfoah ~kxafoy kf xla ifxasxifa bfh sxkgbol$ ~pkgkxah hiqpasis$ fkqpislah bfh sxpafjxlafah xla iggqfa sysxag& sysxag& Xla eqfoxikf ke abol opqha hpqj okqdh dicazisa à odabpdy haeifah& Qdxigbxady$ xlpkqjl kuap 2< yabps ke iffqgapb`da a|~apigafxs bfh okgìfbxikfs ke xla ?> xy~as ke opqha hpqjs$ za sqooasseqddy ekqfh xla ~apeaox Olifasa bfxi'obfoap gahioifa&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla pasabpol zbs ekpxqfbxa afkqjl xk jax xla jkuapfgafx’s sq~~kpx bfh zbs b~~pkuah ekp dbpja'sobda odifiobd odifiobd a|~apigafxs&

If 2991$ Olifb Fbxikfbd Gifisxpy ke

_bfixbxikf bfh Fbxikfbd _oiafoa Okggixxaa ekpgbddy pbxah xla ifixibd ~pkhqox —Xibf \ibf îdd‗$ zliol zbs s~kcaf ke uapy lijldy `y xla pa~pasafxbxiuas ke xla Olifasa jkuapfgafx zlk zapa ifukduah if xlis cay pasabpol ~pkmaoxs ke soiafoa bfh xaolfkdkjy& Ix zbs bdsk b~~pkuah ekp ~pkhqoxikf bs xla faz bfxi'obfoap bjafx kf b fbxikfbd sobda& If 299<$ ix zbs pbxieiah pbxieiah bs xla Olifasa gahioifa zixl sbxiseboxkpy bfxi'obfoap aeeaox ekp xla eipsx xiga& xiga& Kf xla `bsis ke xla —Xibf \ibf îdd‗$ za eqpxlap hauadk~ah xla sapias sapias ke Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs ke hieeapafx sysxags$ xy~as bfh hksas bookphifj xk xla parqipagafxs if xla gahiobxikf okqpsa&

Lk~aeqddy$ za a|~aox xlbx xlis obf aeeaoxiuady gaax gaax xla

xlapb~aqxio parqipagafxs ke bdd obfoap ~bxiafxs& B`kua bdd$ xla gksx ig~kpxbfx pasabpol hauadk~gafx dias kf xla dirqaeboxikf ke xla Xibf \ibf ~idd& If 2992$ xla opqha hpqjs q~kf zliol sqsxbifah pasabpol$ a|~apigafxs bfh ~pkoassas lbh àaf `bsah lbh ~pkuaf sqixb`da ekp ifixibxikf ifxk xla dirqaeboxikf ke xla Olifasa bfxi'obfoap gahioifa bfh gbpuadkqsdy ig~pkuah ~pauikqsdy fkxah xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs& If kphap xk sxpass sxpass xla gbjfieioafx eabx ke —ifixibxikf‗$ za fbgah ix —Olifb Fk& 2‗& Epkg xla —Olifb Fk& 2 ‟ Xibf \ibf Dirqih‗$ zliol is aeeaoxiua kf b ubpiaxy ke obfoaps$ xk —Olifb Fk& 2 ‟ Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ paeifah xy~a‗$ xk —Olifb Fk& 2 ‟ Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ sxpkfj xy~a‗$ zliol afmkys paifekpoifj bìdixy$ za okfsxbfxdy sxpiua ekp ~apeaoxikf if xla paeifagafx ke xla ~pkhqox& Za àdiaua xlbx ix is kqp gissikf xk —~apsisx kf pasabpol bfh hauadk~gafx ke gkpa aeeaoxiua bfxi'obfoap hpqjs xk sbua diuas ke gkpa obfoap ~bxiafxs&‗


08


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Gbif Okfxafxs Bfh Ifjpahiafxs Xla gbif opqha hpqjs ke Lbf ~pasopi~xikf bhk~xah `y xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs bs Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf îdd bpa hapiuah epkg epasl lap`s jpkzifj if skid piol if xpboa adagafxs& Xlay `kbsx xla aeeaox ke aflbfoifj xla iggqfa sysxag bfh bgkfj xla lap`s bpa jifsafj$ ìjlabh bxpboxydkhas pli}kga$ bfh xla pkkx ke dbpja' edkzapah scqddob~ b`qfhbfx if kpjbfio sadafiqg bfh japgbfiqg xlbx pagbif hisxifoxiuady aeeaoxiua kf obfoaps ke xla sxkgbol$ ifxasxifa bfh `dkkh& B`kua bdd$ xla okgìfbxikf ke sauapbd bfxi'obfoap opqha hpqjs afmkys ~kzapeqd labdifj pasqdxs&

Xb`da ?= Okfxafxs ke Gbif Gbif Opqha Hpqjs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh Xlaip Pas~aoxiua Boxikfs& OKFXAFX_

@B_IOKXB BFH ^LBPGBOKDKJIOBD BOXIKF_

@bsiokxb= paeifagafx ke xla pkkx ke eiua Mibdsa jifsafj Jifsafj

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= ig~pkuagafx ke ubpikqs `khy eqfoxikfs& @bsiokxb= paeifagafx ke xla ~pkhqoxs ke ~abpd kysxap

âbpd

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= bfxi'bfb~lydb|is$ sxbìdi}bxikf$ ~pkgkxikf ke gaxb`kdisg& gaxb`kdisg& @bsiokxb= paeifagafx paeifagafx ke xla pkkx ke eb`boaoakqs scqddob~

_cqddob~

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= hidbxikf ke `dkkh uassad$ dkzapifj ke `dkkh ~passqpa$ aflbfoagafx ke iggqfixy$ hiqpasis$ okqfxap ~kiskf$ hpbififj$ axo& @bsiokxb= paeifagafx ke xla dabuas ke `dboc fijlxslbha

@dboc Fijlxslbha

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= qsah bs bfxi'obfoap$ bfxi'ifedbggbxkpy$ bfxi'uipqs bfh okphibd bjafx$ ly~kxafskp&



OKFXAFX_

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk


@bsiokxb= iskdbxah epkg xla pasif k`xbifah epkg Hi~xap~obp~boaba @kpfakd

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= bpkgbxio sxigqdbfx ekp pasqsoixbxikf bfh booadapbxikf ke `dkkh sxpabg$ obf à qsah bs bf bfxi~ypaxio bfh bfbdjasio bjafx& @bsiokxb= hpiah pkkx bfh sxag ke bxpboxydkhas$ giopkoa~lbdb

@ijlabh bxpboxydkhas

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= qsah bs ly~kjdyoagio$ bfxisa~xio bjafx$ bfxi'sxbsis ke

pli}kga

`dkkh$ bfxi'xqgkp$ ~pkgkxas hiqpasis bfh bppasxs s~kfxbfakqs szabxifj& @bsiokxb= hpiah pkkx ke Xpiolksbfxlas cipidkzii kp oqoqpì xboaba

_fbcajkqph pkkx

^lbpgbokdkjiobd ^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= qsah bs bfxi'xqgkp bfh bfxisa~xio bjafx& @bsiokxb= hpiah pkkx bfh pli}kga ke odagbxis olifafsis$ O& la|b~axbdb kp O&

Odagbxis pkkx

gbfslqpiob ^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= padiauas ~bif$ qsah bs bfxisa~xio bjafx$ ~pauafxs obfoap if hijasxiua kpjbfs& @bsiokxb= hpiah pkkx ke lahykxis hieeqsba

Lap`b lahykxis

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= aflbfoas iggqfixy$ bfxi'obfoap boxikfs$ ~pkgkxas

Hieeqsba

booasskpy pafbd okpxa| @bsiokxb= hpqj okfsisxifj ke `dqa ~kzhap sa~bpbxah epkg xla dabe ke ^b~liobobfxlqs

Fbxqpbd ifhijk

oqsib$ Ifhijkeapb sqeepqxioksb$ ^kdyjkfqg xifoxkpiqg kp Isbxis ifhijkxiob ^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= qsah bs bfxi'xqgkp bfh bfxisa~xio bjafx$ ~pkxaoxs diuap$ ~pkgkxas hijasxiua eqfoxikfs ke oadds& @bsiokxb= hpiah epqix ke Dijqsxpqg dqoihqg

Jdkssy ~piuax

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= dkzapifj di~kjafasis ke `dkkh uassads$ qsah bs okphibd$

Epqix

bfxixqssiua bfh bfxisa~xio bjafx$ ~pkgkxas hiqpasis$ aflbfoas iggqfixy& @bsiokxb= hpiah pkkx bfh pli}kga ke Jdyoyppli}b qpbdafsis$ J& ifedbxb kp J& jdb`pb

Diokpioa pkkxa

^lbpgbokdkjiobd ^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= okfxpkds iggqfixy$ padiauas ~bif$ qsah bs bfxi'xqssiua$ bfxi' ~a~xio qdoap$ bfh bfxi'ifedbggbxkpy bfxi'ifedbggbxkpy bjafx&


05


OKFXAFX_

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk


@bsiokxb= hpiah sodapkxiqg ke ~kpkqs ~dbfx Hysqpib Hysqpib

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= xla b`sxpboxah gbxapibd ke Hysqpib bs zadd bs ~kdysboolbpiha ke Hysqpib obf aflbfoa iggqfixy$ qsah bs bfxi'xqgkp$ hiqpasis bfh bfxisa~xio bjafx @bsiokxb= paeifagafx ke }kkjafaxio ìda

]kkjafaxio ìda

^lbpgbokdkjiobd ^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= padiauas ~bif bfh qsah bs bf bfxi~bpbsixio bjafx& @bsiokxb= hpiah saopaxikf epkg bopkgbxio `dbhhap ke gbda bfigbds

]kkjafaxio saopaxikf

^lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs= ifopabsas `dkkh sxpabg xk xla labpx$ padiauas ~bif bfh qsah bs bfxisa~xio bfh bfxi'xqgkp bjafx&

Xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif ‟ —Xpabsqpa Lkqsa Ke Opqha Hpqjs‗ Bdd xla pbz gbxapibds ke xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs bpa epkg xla ~paoikqs lap`s ke xla Gkqfxbif Pbfja ke Olbfj @bi& ^dabsa paeap xk Xb`da ? ekp xla okfxafxs ke gbif opqha hpqjs bfh boxikf ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih& _ixqbxah if xla opbxap ke xla gkqfxbif pbfja ke Olbfj @bi$ xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif is bf boxiua ukdobfk& Hqa xk xla okfsxbfx apq~xikfs ke xla ukdobfk if xla ~bsx$ xla a|xafhah gkqfxbif pbfjas bpa okuapah zixl xlioc ukdobfio bsl& bsl& Kuap xla yabps$ xla skid if xlis gkqfxbif pbfja jpbhqbddy booqgqdbxah kuap 0> xpboa adagafxs sqol bs sadafiqg bfh japgbfiqg zliol bpa as~aoibddy ~pkhqoah `y xla ukdobfk& Ifhis~afsb`da okfsxixqafxs ke xla lqgbf `khy$ xlasa xpboa adagafxs `kbsx ke a|oaddafx aeeaoxs kf ig~pkuifj okfsixqxikf$ ~pauafxifj bjifj$ dbxixqha bfh obfoap& If paoafx yabps$ xla hpiah Ckpabf jifsafj iggapsah if xla fbxqpbd ekqfxbif s~pkqxifj epkg xla ebqdx }kfa ke xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif pbfja lbs gipboqdkqsdy Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

japgifbxah& Fkxioab`dy$ pasihafxs fabp bfh bpkqfh xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif pbfja afmky dkfjauixy& Ix is sbih xlbx xlis okqdh à bxxpi`qxah xk xla ekqfxbif fbxqpbddy edkzifj epkg xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif Pbfja& Xla fbxqpbd ekqfxbifs$ ekqfxbifs$ xlapaekpa$ bpa pa~qxah xk lbua okga epkg xla —gkqfxbif ke ykqxl‗& Hqa xk xla a|oaddafx fbxqpa ke xla zbxap$ skid bfh odigbxa bpkqfh xla gkqfxbif pbfja$ ~dbfxs ,lap`s) if xla faijl`kpifj bpabs jpkz pb~ihdy zixl slkpx jpkzxl oyodas `qx dkfj pasx ~apikhs& Lap`s zixl a|xpbkphifbpy olbpboxapisxios bpa okfsarqafxdy b`qfhbfxdy oqdxiubxah&

^lbpgboaqxiobd Boxikfs Ke Gbif Opqha Hpqjs ,2)

Jifsafj

Jifsafj lbs kqxsxbfhifj aeeaoxs ke sq~~dagafxifj afapjy xk xla lqgbf `khy& If bhhixikf$ xla jifsafj oqdxiubxah oqdxiubxah if xla bpab b`qfhbfx if zbxap skqpoa skqpoa ~dqs skid ke xla Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif Pbfja okfxbifs bx dabsx 20 sb~kfifs$ bgifk boih$ ~kdy~a~xiha$ ~kdysboolbpiha$ uixbgif bfh skhiqg$ ~kxbssiqg$ gbjfasiqg$ sxaad$ gbfjbfasa$ ok~~ap$ }ifo bfh japgbfiqg$ axo& If xla bfigbd a|~apigafx kf pasabpol ke obfoapkqs ~bxlkjafio olagiobd gbxapibds$ za ~pkuah xlbx dkfj'xapg okfsqg~xikf ke jifsafj fkx kfdy haopabsas kooqppafoa ke obfoap$ `qx bdsk ifliìxs xla jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds&

@asihas$

~kdysboolbpiha okfxbifah if jifsafj obf ~pkxaox xla diuap$ ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag$ bfh paifekpoa xla fkpgbd eqfoxikfs ke `khy kpjbfs& Kxlap xlbf ig~pkuifj xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs$ xla okgìfah ag~dkygafx ke bfxi'obfoap bjafxs obf bdsk dassaf xla siha aeeaoxs fkpgbddy bpisifj epkg xla ifxbca ke bfxi'obfoap bjafxs& Ix


0<


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bdsk `kbsxs oapxbif aeeaoxs kf xla xpabxgafx ke obfoap ke xla sxkgbol bfh xla dbpja ifxasxifa& Bookphifj xk xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs$ xla ~bxiafxs ~pauikqsdy sqeeapifj epkg b haodifa ke zlixa `dkkh oadds bfh dyg~l okp~qsodas lbh sqooasseqddy borqipah fkpgbd dauads ke xla sbga bexap b exap ifxbca ke xla ~pkhqox& ,0)

_cqddob~

_cqddob~ okfxbifs ~kdysboolbpiha$ gkfksboolbpiha$ edbukfa okg~da|$ gqokdi~ih$ xpboa adagafxs$ axo& Bookphifj xk paoafx gahiobd pasabpol$ scqddob~ zbs ~pkuaf xk à ob~b`da ke ig~pkuifj okg~palafsiua iggqfixy bfh iggqfixy bjbifsx ~bxlkjafio giopkàs$ zlida bx xla sbga xiga paifekpoifj xla boxikfs ke xla X dyg~l okp~qsodas& ^kdysboolbpiha obf ifhqoa ifxapeapkf$ aflbfoa xla boxiubxikf ke asxapieiobxikf ke X oadds$ ig~pkua xla iggqfixy ke oadds$ bfh ifliìx xla jpkzxl ke uipbd kp obfoap oadds if xla oadd kpjbfi}bxikf& Bs b pasqdx$ ix is qsah gksxdy bs bf iggqfixy'aflbfoifj bjafx& ,?)

@ijlabh Bxpboxydkhas Pli}kga

@ijlabh bxpboxydkhas pli}kga okfxbifs ukdbxida kid bfh okqgbpif$ axo& Bookphifj xk xla pasqdxs ke xla a|~apigafxs$ xla faqxpbd kid ke xla ukdbxida kid okfxbifah if xla @ijlabh bxpboxydkhas pli}kga obf haeifixady ifliìx xla obfoap ke xla ask~lbjqs& Xla ukdbxida kid bs b zlkda `kbsxs ke ifliìxifj b`hkgifbd lyhpk~s bs zadd bs ig~pkuifj ig~pkuifj iggqfixy& Hqa xk ixs boxikf ke ifopabsifj zlixa `dkkh oadds$ oadds$ ix is gbifdy qsah ekp xla ~pauafxikf ke siha aeeaoxs bpisifj epkg pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh ifxbca ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs if odifiobd a|~apigafxs&


Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp ,8)

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Hysqpib

Hysqpib okfxbifs apjksxapif$ ~kdysboolbpiha$ pkqjl ~pkxaif$ ifkpjbfio sbdxs bfh uixbgif L$ axo& Bgkfj xlag$ ~kdysboolbpiha is gksx aeeaoxiua bs bf bfxi' obfoap bjafx gbifdy àobqsa ix paifekpoas xla ~kdy~lbjib boxiubxikf ke xla gbopk~lbja& Ix is pbpa xk sa~bpbxady sa~bpbxady qsa hysqpib bs b sifjda sifjda bfxi'obfoap bjafx$ `qx$ zlaf xla sbga is okgìfah zixl kxlap bjafxs$ ix is gksx ~kxafx if ifuijkpbxifj xla s~daaf bfh pagkuifj hbg~fass `y hiqpasis& Ix is$ xlapaekpa$ xlapaekpa$ okggkfdy b~~diah xk ~bxiafxs sqeeapifj epkg xla obfoap ke paxafxikf ke zbxap& Bookphifj xk odifiobd sqpuay$ if okgìfbxikf zixl kxlap bfxi'obfoap bjafxs$ hysqpib obf ig~pkua xla okfhixikf ke ~pigbpy obfoap ke xla sxkgbol& Ix is ~pkuaf ~pkuaf lad~eqd if okg`bxifj xla siha aeeaoxs `y `kksxifj xla iggqfa sysxag ke xla ~bxiafx& If gksx obsas zlapa hysqpib a|xpbox is ag~dkyah bs b sifjda bfxi'obfoap bjafx$ ix is fkpgbddy xk ig~pkua xla ~bxiafx’s iggqfa sysxag& ,1)

Diokpioa Pkkx

Diokpioa pkkx okfxbifs ekkh szabxifj bjafx bs zadd bs cbdiqg bfh obdoiqg sbdxs$ bfh edbukfas edbukfas okg~da|& Xasx pasqdxs kf bfigbds slkzah xlbx ~kdysboolbpiha ke diokpioa pkkx lbs ~kxafx aeeaox kf uasioqdbp sxkgbxixis uipqs$ bhafkuipqs III$ lap~as sig~da| uipqs I bfh ubooifib uipqs zixl hisxifoxiua ifliìxifj boxikfs& Eqpxlapgkpa$ jdyoyppli}if boih box bs ifliìxkps ke obfoap ke xpbfs~dbfxah gbppkz bfh ~pauafxs zlixa `dkkh oadd hisabsa&


?>

,5)


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Jdkssy ^piuax Epqix

Jdkssy ~piuax epqix okfxbifs sqol adagafxs bs kdabfkdio boih$ dq~akd$ gbffixkd$ kdaio boih$ difkdafio difkdafio boih$ ~bdg kid bfh jdyoapiha& Kxlap xlbf ~pkgkxifj xla gqdxi~diobxikf ke dyg~lkoyxa if xla `bsio a|~apigafx$ ix bdsk ifliìxah xla haodifa ke zlixa `dkkh oadds hqa xk pbhibxikf& Jdkssy ~piuax epqix bdsk a|liìxah 89&0! sqooass pbxa if eijlxifj obfoap ke xla oapuioas ke pbxs& ,:)

Fbxqpbd Ifhijk

Fbxqpbd ifhijk okfxbifs ifhijk `dqa$ axo& bgkfj zliol xla gksx aeeaoxiua bfxi'obfoap ifjpahiafx is ifhipqìf& ifhipqìf& Fbxqpbd ifhijk obf aflbfoa xla ~lbjkoyxio eqfoxikf ke xla gkfkfqodabp gbopk~lbja ke bfigbds sqeeapifj epkg obfoap bs zadd bs lqgkpbd iggqfixy&

Zixl pas~aox xk xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs$ ix gbifdy

ag~lbsi}ah xpabxgafx bfh pasabpol ke olpkfio daqcagib& ,<)

Pbhi| Xpiolksbfxlis

Pbhi| xpiolksbfxlis okfxbifs sxbpol$ sb~kfif$ ~pkxaif bfh ubpikqs bgifk boihs& Xasx pasqdxs kf pbxs slkzah xlbx pbhi| xpiolksbfxlis lbs hisxifoxiua aeeaoxs kf b`hkgifbd lyhpk~s ke xla diuap obfoap& @asihas dassafifj b`hkgifbd lyhpk~s bfh a|xafhifj dkfjauixy$ ix ix bdsk ifliìxah xla xpbfsgissikf ke diuap obfoap&

If xla

odifiobd a|~apigafx$ ix zbs gbifdy b~~diah xk xpabxgafx ke gbdijfbfx eaxqs gkfsxap bfh olkpikf obfoap& Xla hauadk~gafx bfh pasabpol ke xla xla sapias ke Xibf \ibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs paeap xk xla odifiobd ag~dkygafx bjbifsx sxkgbol obfoap& ,9)

Odagbxis Pkkx

Odagbxis pkkx okfxbifs sxapkd$ jdqok~i~iha$ bfh sb~kfif&

Kxlap xlbf

ifliìxifj xla xqgkp _2<> if xla a|~apigafxs kf pbxs$ ix bdsk ~pkgkxah `dkkh Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ?2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

oipoqdbxikf bfh pagkuah k`sxpqoxikf if xla olbffads&

Ix padiauah padiauah ~bif bfh

adigifbxah hbg~fass bfh ~ldajg& If xla odifiobd ag~dkygafx$ ag~dkygafx$ ix zbs gbifdy b~~diah xk xla xpabxgafx ke obfoap ke xla sxkgbol$ `kfas bfh `pbif xqgkp& ,2>) @dboc Fijlxslbha

Bdsk cfkzf bs Lap`b _kdbfi Fijpi& _qol adagafxs bs `dboc fijlxslbha bfh sb~kfif aeeaoxiuady ifliìx obfoap ke b`hkgifbd lyhpk~s$ dyg~lbxio daqcagib ‟521$ bs zadd bs xqgkp ?:$ axo& If xla odifiobd xpabxgafx$ ix is ~pkuaf aeeaoxiua ekp obfoap ke xla ifxasxifa bfh dqfjs& ,22) @kpfakd

@kpfakd ~kssassas ~kssassas kqxsxbfhifj rqbdixias& Ix kpolasxpbxas kpolasxpbxas xla xla xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs ke xla kxlap hpqjs ix is okgìfah zixl bfh padiauas ~bif& ,20) âbpd ^kzhap

âbpd ~kzhap okfxbifs obdoiqg obp`kfbxa$ kpjbfio gbxapibds bs zadd bs b ubpiaxy ke xpboa adagafxs& Zixl xla qsbja ke ~abpd ~kzhap kf yaddkz yaddkz epqix edy bfh pbxs$ xlis ifjpahiafx ~pkuah aeeaoxiua if xla pagkubd ke epaa pbhiobd ,boxiubxah k|yjaf) bfh k|ihi}ah gbxapibds& gbxapibds&

Ix zbs gksx gksx b~~bpafx if xla a|~apigafxs

okfhqoxah hqa xk xla haodifa if xla di~keqsoif ke xla labpx bfh kxlap kpjbfs ke xla sq`maox& ,2?) Lap`b Lahykxis Hieeqsba

Lap`b lahykxis hieeqsba okfxbifs obphibo jdyoksiha$ edbukfas$ okqgbpif$ axo& If xla xla xasxs$ xasxs$ ix slkzah sxpkfj sxpkfj ifliìxifj ~pk~apxias kf daqcagib oadds& @y paifekpoifj xla sq`maox’s pasisxbfoa xk iddfass$ xlis ifjpahiafx ~pauafxah gaxbsxbsis kp xpbfsgissikf ke xla obfoap oadds& @y ekpxieyifj xla ~lbjkoyxksis ke zlixa `dkkh Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

?0


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

oadds$ lap`b lahykxis hieeqsba aflbfoah xla iggqfixy iggqfixy ke xla xla `khy edqihs& If xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs$ lap`b lahykxis hieeqsba zbs gksx aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap ke xla oapui|$ xqgkp _2<> ke xla pbxs$ pbxs$ dqfj obfoap$ b`hkgifbd obfoap& Xlis ifjpahiafx lbs dicazisa àaf ekqfh xk à xkxbddy fkf'xk|io& ,28) _aopaxikf Ke Xla Bfigbd

Qsah hpiah saopaxikf ke xla bfigbd bs xla bjafx& Xla ~lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs paeap xk xla qsa bs bf bfxisa~xio bfh bfxi'xqgkp bjafx zliol ifopabsas xla `dkkh sxpabg ifxk xla labpx xlapa`y ~pkgkxifj obphibo sxpafjxl bfh padiauas ~bif& Gkpa pasabpol bfh a|~apigafxbxikf faah xk à okfhqoxah if kqp auap'okfxifqifj sabpol ekp xla ~apeaox ~apeaox oqpa ekp obfoap& Kfoa za hauibxa epkg xla b~~pk~pibxa hipaoxikf$ xlis diea'dkfj sxqhy sxqhy zidd à fajbxah& Xla gksx ig~kpxbfx bs~aox if xlis rqasx$ ke okqpsa$ dias if xla ~pkeassikfbd obpa ~pkuihah `y gahiobd jpkq~s$ fajkxibxikfs kf xla sxpbxajy ke dkfj'xapg xpabxgafx bfh mkifx aeekpxs ekp b paokuapy ~dbf&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ??


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Olb~xap III Xla Aeeioboy Ke Xpabxgafxs Bfh ^paobqxikfs

Epkg Ob~sqda Xk Dirqih Gahioifa Xibf \ibf âddax$ xla abpdiasx ~pkjafy ke Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs$ boliauah xla paokjfixikf ke lbuifj —bfxi'obfoap‗ aeeaoxs bx xla Xibfmif ^q`dio Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Gahioifa _oiafoa& Dbxap$ ix zbs ig~pkuah ifxk xla ~pasafx —xla Ig~pkuah Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih ke Olifb‗& Xla okqpsa ke sxqhy bfh hauadk~gafx$ zliol obf à obddah xla lisxkpiobd bffbds ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ is olpkfkdkjiobddy afqgapbxah lapaif=  If 29
Gahioifa _oiafoa zbs ~q`dislah3  If 29<5$ ix zbs disxah bgkfj xla jkuapfgafx hauadk~gafx ~pikpixias if

soiafoa bfh xaolfkdkjy bfh ifodqhah if xla jkuapfgafx bjafhb3  If 29<5$ Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbifs Pasabpol Ifsixqxa ke Bfxiobfoap Gahioifa

zbs sax q~ if Xkfjlqb bfh I zbs b~~kifxah hipaoxkp3  If 29<:$ xla Bfxiobfoap Bsskoibxikf ke Midif ^pkuifoa bfh Olbfj`bi

Gkqfxbifs Gahioifa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa zapa `qidx bfh I zbs dicazisa b~~kifxah hipaoxkp ke `kxl afxixias3


?8


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 If 29<<$ xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs ke xla _xbxa Obfoap Oafxap ke Q_B

beeipgah xlbx —xla aeeioiafoy is kuap sauafxy ~apoafx‗3  If 29<<$ ix zbs eipsx bqxlkpi}ah bs xpabxgafx ekp obfoap `y xla Olifasa

jkuapfgafx3  If 2992$ —Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih if Olifb‗ zbs eifbddy okggapoibddy

~pkhqoah3  If 2991$ —xla Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih if Olifb‗ zbs ekpgqdbxah3  If 2999$ —xla Aflbfoah Xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih if Olifb‗ zbs ~dboah

qfhap sxqhy& If xla Xibf \ibf âddaxs pasabpol paokphs$ xla sxbxagafx b`kqx xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs bfh ~lbpgbokdkjiobd boxikfs is xlbx xla ~pkhqox lbs boliauah xla ihabd aeeaoxs& Dbxap pasabpol is kf ~lbpgboy bfh I àjbf xk sxqhy sxqhy xla edqihi}bxikf ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs$ zliol zapa ifixibddy if ob~sqd ekpg& Ix is zadd cfkzf xlbx ekp gahioifas xk gbca xla ifxasxifas bfh sxkgbol bssigidbxa$ hijasx ebsxap bfh gkua absidy$ slkqdh à$ if xla kphap ke ~paeapafoa$ if dirqih ekpg ekp eboida kpbd bhgifisxpbxikf bhgifisxpbxikf kp if ob~sqda ekpg kp xpkola& Bs b pasqdx$ za ekqfh ekqfh ix faoassbpy xk obppy kf xla edqihi}bxikf pasabpol& If sauapbd odifiobd a|~apigafxs ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs$ xlapa zbs bdzbys xla ~pk`dag ke hieeioqdxy if xla gbxxap ke ifxbca àobqsa hieeapafx cifhs ke obfoaps gbfieasx xlpkqjl hieeapafx syg~xkgs bfh hajpaas ke haìdixbxikf& Ekp a|bg~da$ ~bxiafxs zlksa ~lysiobd bìdixias haxapikpbxah zapa eqpxlap afoqgàpah `y xpkq`da if xbcifj ob~sqdas& Xla ~lysiobd okfhixikf ke b ~bxiafx if xla eifbd sxbja ke obfoap obf à xkk zabc xk szbddkz auaf b xify ob~sqda& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ?1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Eqpxlapgkpa$ ix zbs xiga okfsqgifj ekp ob~sqdas xk à hisskduah bfh sdkz xk à bssigidbxah `y xla `khy& Xla ob~sqdas gby lbua absidy obqsah lyhpkoldkpio boih if xla jbsxpio mqioa$ siocfass$ ukgixifj$ hibpplab$ axo&

Xk Ig~pkua Xla Rqbdixy Xla gksx hipaox hipaox zby xk skdua xla bekpagafxikfah bekpagafxikfah ~pk`dags zbs edqihi}bxikf& B sxqhy zbs skkf obppiah kqx& If xla gabfxiga$ gabfxiga$ ix zbs xlkqjlx faoassbpy xk ig~pkua xla aeeaoxs ke ifjpahiafxs bfh ~pk~kpxikfbxa okgìfbxikf& If xla sxqhy ekp edqihi}bxikf$ xla rqbdixy ke xla faz ifjpahiafxs bfh xla okgìfbxikf aeeaoxs bs zadd bs xla sq`xda okgìfbxikf pbxik lbh xk xk à padabpfah& Xla ifjpahiafxs$ lkzauap$ zapa `bsiobddy xla sbga bs xlksa ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs& Zixl pajbphs xk xla pa'sxqhy ke xla rqbdixy ke faz ifjpahiafxs$ xla aeeaoxs ke xla epasl lap`s ~iocah epkg Olbfj`bi Gkqfxbifs zapa àxxap xlbf xla opqha hpqjs gbha epkg hpy lap`s& Za lbua safx Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ zliol zbs gbha xlpkqjl xlpaa yabps ke pasabpol bfh xpibds$ xk gkpa xlbf xlipxy gahiobd kpjbfi}bxikfs$ qfiuapsixy lks~ixbds if @aimifj$ Xibfmif$ Midif$ axo&$ sk xlbx xlbx xlay obf obppy kqx xlaip xlaip kzf odifiobd a|~apigafxs& Xla hibjpbg ,IU) slkzs xla gahiobd aeeaoxs if padbxikf xk sauaf hieeapafx cifhs ke obfoaps `bsah kf odifiobd xasxs ke si| lqfhpah bfh fifaxy'si| obsas ke xapgifbd ask~lbjqs$ sxkgbol$ bfh ifxasxifa obfoaps bfh sk kf& Xla pasqdxs slkz xlbx xla xlapb~aqxio xlapb~aqxio aeeaoxs zapa àxxap xlbf a|~aoxah& Bgkfj xlag$ xla aeeioboy kf ask~lbjqs obfoap$ sxkgbol sxkgbol obfoap bfh ifxasxifbd obfoap zbs kuap fifaxy ~apoafx sqooasseqd&


?5


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla ^pbisas Bpa ^kqpifj If Bookphifj xk xla pasqdxs ke xla odifiobd xpibds$ ix is kùikqs xlbx xla Dirqih afmkys lijlap opahiìdixy xlbf xla ~addaxs&

^pbisas bpa okgifj if epkg auapyzlapa&

Xla

hisokuapy ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs bfh Xibf \ibf Dirqih eipsx zkf xla ~pi}a ke @asx ~pkhqoxs if Bsibf ^boieio Pajikf$ bfh xla Jkdhaf ^pi}a ke xla _aokfh Ifxapfbxikfbd A|~ksixikf xl

ladh if @aimifj& Xlaf$ if xla ?< Zkpdh Ebip ekp Ifuafxikf if Qpicb$ xla ~pkhqoxs àobga xla eipsx Olifasa ~pkhqoxs xk zif xla Lijlasx ifuafxikf ~ pi}a ekp ifhiuihqbd pasabpol& Bexap xla okg~daxikf ke xla edqihi}bxikf$ xla ag`kdio bjafxs —Xibf \ibf Ag`kdisg‗ bfh ~dbsxaps ~dbsxaps —Xibf \ibf ^dbsxaps‗ zapa sxqhiah kfa `y kfa&

Xibf \ibf

Ag`kdisg obf gbca xla sqeeapaps$ zlk gby à jpkzifj zabcap bfh qfb`da xk abx$ bssigidbxa xla xlapb~aqxio ~pk~apxias ke xla lap`s hipaoxdy bfh absidy& Bs xk xla sxkgbol$ ask~lbjqs$ `pkfolqs$ xlypkih jdbfh bfh kxlap uixbd `khy ~bpxs fabp xla scif$ zliol bpa gkpa sqsoa~xi`da xk ~bif$ xla ~dbsxaps bpa gkpa sqixb`da&

Xibf \ibf ^dbsxaps obf

aeeaoxiuady ~afaxpbxa xla xla scif oadds$ ~bpxibddy oqpa beeaoxah ~bpxs bfh bddauibxa ~bif& Fk gbxxap zlbx cifh ke ~pkhqox ykq olkksa$ ie ykq qsa ix xkjaxlap zixl Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ xla aeeioboy is hkq`dah& Xla b`kua ~pkhqoxs bpa bdd ~bpx ke xla —Xibf \ibf sapias sapias ke ~pkhqoxs‗& ~pkhqoxs‗&

Xla

ekddkzifj zidd a|~dbif xla olbpboxapisxios ke abol ~pkhqox&

Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke xla Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih Xla olbpboxapisxios ke Xla Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih ,obddah Xibf \ibf Dirqih if xla ekddkzifj xa|x) bpa `bsah kf xla aeeaoxs ke —labx odabpbfoa$ ~kiskf padiae$

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ?:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

`dkkh gkuifj$ ~bif oabsifj$ s~ipix bfh `dkkh fkqpislifj‗ bookphifj xk ~pifoi~das if lap`bd gahioifa& Ix bigs xk bxxboc xla `bh jafas bfh ~pkxaox xla jkkh& ,2)

Xla Aeeaox Ke Ciddifj Obfoap Oadds

Xla ifjpahiafxs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf okfxpkd xla jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds bfh bdsk ~pauafx ixs gqdxi~diobxikf& gqdxi~diobxikf& Ixs aeeaoxs gbifdy slkz xla ekddkzifj bs~aoxs= Zlaf xla obfoap oadds àjif ixs gqdxi~diobxikf ~apikh$ xla Dirqih zidd sxk~ ix bfh cidd xla a|isxifj oadds& Xla Dirqih obf ~pauafx xla gaxb`kdio sxbjas ke xla obfoap oadds& Xla _qssqs obf hasxpky oaddqdbpixias bfh hisskdua xlag bfh gbca xlag hisb~~abp&

Xb`da 8= Xla Gahiobd Aeeaoxs kf Xapgifbd Obfoaps Xy~a ke Obfoap

Fqgàp ke Obsas

Fqgàp ke

Fqgàp ke

_qooasseqd Obsas

Qfsqooasseqd Obsas

Ask~lbjqs Obfoap

001

0>2

08

_xkgbol Obfoap

?:5

??8

80

Ifxasxifa Obfoap

91

<1

2>

_QG

595

50>

:5

Dqfj Obfoap

98

:?

02

Diuap Obfoap

?8

:?

02

@pabsx Obfoap

:<

15

00

@pbif Obfoap

85

0<

2<


?<

,0)


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Aeeaox Ke Gaxb`kdio Ifxapoassikf

Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf olbfja xla gaxb`kdio sxbjas sxbjas ke obfoap oadds& oadds& Bx xla sbga xiga xlbx ix okfxpkds ixs gqdxi~diobxikf$ ix ig~pkuas xla gaxb`kdio boxikfs ke xla beeaoxah bpabs xk pasisx xla obfoap bxxboc& ,?)

Xla Aeeaox Ke Ig~pkuifj Iggqfixy

Xla ~qp~ksa ke xla Dirqih is xk beekph b sixqbxikf xlbx sxpafjxlafs iggqfixy bfh booadapbxas boxikfs ke FC oadds& Xla aeeaox obf `kxl à okfsihapah bs s~aoieio bfh fkf's~aoieio iggqfixy iggqfixy ig~pkuagafxs& ig~pkuagafxs& Xla Dirqih obf ig~pkua xla eqfoxikf ke xla X oadds bfh bdsk okfxbifs xla opqha hpqjs sqol bs Palgbffib jdqxifksb$ Jbfkhapgb dqoihqg$ adaqxlapksiha$ bsxpbdbjqs$ jifsafj$ axo&$ zliol obf ig~pkua xla eqfoxikf ke xla @ oadds& Bdd ke xlasa lbua s~aoieio boxikf kf iggqfixy iggqfixy ig~pkuagafxs&

If bhhixikf$ xlksa xlksa xlbx ~afaxpbxa xla xla gkfkfqodabp gkfkfqodabp ~lbjkoyxa

sysxag xk ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag ifodqha xla opqha hpqjs ke ~bolgbf$ ~kdysboolbpiha$ jifsafksiha$ Pbhi| Xlpiolksbfxlis$ axo&$ bdd ke zliol lbua xla fkf's~aoieio eqfoxikf ke ig~pkuifj iggqfixy& ,8)

Xla Aeeaox Ke Xpboa Adagafxs

Xpboa adagafxs obf ig~pkua xla `khy’s eqfoxikfs$ oqpa xla ~bxlkdkjy$ hpiua jafaxio eboxkps bfh ~pauafx hiuisikf ke obfoap oadds& Ekp a|bg~da$ xla xpboa adagafx$ _adafiqg$ lbs xla eqfoxikf ke pasxpbififj xla xla obfoap jafas& Zlaf ix pasxpbifs xla diuap obfoap$ ix ~pauafxs xla gih'~apikh oadd epkg hauadk~ifj eqpxlap& Zlbx’s gkpa$ xla kpjbfio Japgbfiqg obf b`hqox xla saopaxkpy zlixa oadds’ xpbfsgixxaps$ ifxappq~x ixs saopaxikf$ sxigqdbxa xla haeafsiua sysxag bfh pasxpbif xla s~pabh bfh jpkzxl ke xla obfoap oadds& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) ?9

Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp ,1)

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Aeeaoxs Bfh Eqfoxikfs Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih

Ix is xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa bfxi'obfoap gahioifa ,xla ~qpa Olifasa gahioifas) ke olkioa zixl ixs pagbpcb`da pagbpcb`da gahiobd sqooass&

If bhhixikf$ ixs

a|oaddafx aeeaoxs obf ig~pkua bdd cifhs ke obfoaps bs zadd bs pahqoa xla siha aeeaoxs ke zasxapf gahioifa& Fkx kfdy obf ix cidd obfoap oadds$ ix obf bdsk ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag bfh bukih xla hasxpqoxikf gbha kf xla labpx$ cihfay$ diuap$ lagbxk~kiasis$ bfh lbphdy hkas bfy lbpg xk xla `khy& Xla gahiobd aeeaoxs obf à ig~pkuah ie aixlap pbhibxikf kp olagiobd xpabxgafx bpa qsah sigqdxbfakqsdy& Xla siha siha aeeaoxs obf bdsk à pahqoah& Xla ~bxiafx’s ~lysiobd afapjy zidd ifopabsa& Ekp xlksa zlk sqeeap xapgifbd obfoap$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf ig~pkua xla eifbd syg~xkgs$ pahqoa ~bif$ ~pkdkfj diea$ sxpafjxlaf xla ~bxiafx’s bìdixy xk sqpuiua has~ixa xla ~pasafoa ke obfoap bfh àxxap lis+lap rqbdixy ke diea$ RKD& Ix obf ~pauafx bxpk~lio jbsxpixis bfh àfijf xqgkps epkg xqpfifj gbdijfbfx&

Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Gkpa Aeeaoxiua Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih Xla Gkpa Aeeaoxiua ke Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih ,obddah xla Gkpa Aeeioiafx ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih if xla ekddkzifj xa|x) is `bsah kf xla Ig~pkuah Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh ifxpkhqoas xla dbxasx gahioifa'gbcifj xaolfkdkjy&

Ix lbs àokga xla gkpa aeeioiafx

xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Zixl xla ~pkke ke xla a|~apigafxs if xla @PI Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Q_B bfh xla EPO Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Xbizbf$ xla Gkpa Aeeioiafx ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf pasxpbif xla s~pabh ke obfoap o bfoap oadds bfh cidd xla oadds gkpa hipaoxdy&


8>


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ixs olbpboxapisxios bpa bs ekddkzs= ,2) —Zbdd'`pabcifj Xlakpy‗ is xla dbxasx xlakpy ke ciddifj obfoap oadds& xlbx is xk sby$ ix lbs sxpkfj ~afaxpbxifj aeeaox$ booadapbxas xla oadds xk sade'hasxpqox bfh hisskduas xla xqgkps& Zixl xlis s~aoibd okgìfbxikf$ ix obf hasxpky xla oadd fqodaqs ke xla obfoap oadds$ cidd bfh pasxpbif obfoap oadds$ bfh `pifj xla ~ksixiua aeeaoxs ifxk eqdd ~dby& Ixs ~kiskf ~pauafxikf aeeaox is gkpa kùikqs bfh ixs aeeioboy is gqol dkfjap kf b ubpikqs bsskpxgafx ke oadds ke xqgkp sxpbifs& ,0) _ifoa ix is okg~ksah ke fbxqpbd opqha hpqjs$ sadhkg hkas ix lbua bfy siha aeeaoxs& Bx xla sbga xiga$ ix ig~pkuas xla iggqfixy bfh gbcas xla obfoap syg~xkgs hisb~~abp& ,?) Bexap pbhibxikf kp olagiobd xpabxgafx$ qsbja ke xla Xibf \ibf Dirqih zidd eqddy okk~apbxa if xla ~pauafxikf ke obfoap oadd hiuisikf bfh pahqoa xla siha aeeaoxs& Aeeioiafoy ke xla ~pkhqox is laijlxafah zixl xla bhhixikf ke b eaz Xibf \ibf âddaxs& ,8) Ix is a|xafsiuady sqixb`da ekp bdd cifhs ke obfoaps& Xla aeeaoxs àokga gkpa gkpa fkxioab`da ie Xibf \ibf Ag`kdisg is qsah sigqdxbfakqsdy zixl xla Xibf \ibf Dirqih&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf âddaxs ,2)

Xla Gaolbfiobd Xlakpy Ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs’ Aeeaoxs

@bsah kf odifiobd a|~apigafxs if pasxpbififj obfoap kqx ke bfh if bfigbd `khias$ ix zbs bjpaah qfbfigkqsdy xlbx xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf âddaxs ,obddah Xibf \ibf ~addaxs if xla ekddkzifj xa|x) lbs xla eqfoxikf ke ciddifj bfh pasxpbififj gbfy cifhs ke gbdijfbfx xqgkps& Bx ~pasafx$ xla gaolbfiobd xlakpias ke ubpikqs cifhs ke bfxi'obfoap gahioifas bpa k`sapuah okfsxbfxdy& Dbxap$ za slbdd a|~dbif xlis bs~aox eqpxlap& Xla Eqfoxikf ke H Pasxpbififj FB ,XK^ Iskgapbsas) XK^

Xlapa bpa xzk cifhs ke XK^ iskgapbsas$ zliol bhmqsx xla HFB sxpqoxqpa& Xlay bpa XK^ I bfh XK^ II$ xla faoassbpy eapgafxs if xla hiuisikf bfh gqdxi~diobxikf gqdxi~diobxikf ke oadds&

Ie kfa ke xlag is pasxpbifah$ xla

hiuisikf bfh gqdxi~diobxikf bpa pasxpbifah zliol gabfs xlbx xla obfoap oadds bpa pasxpbifah& If xla sxqhy ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs’ aeeaoxs if pasxpbififj HFB+XK^$ ^pkeasskp Di Halqb ke Xibfmif Gahioifa _oiafoa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ~pkuah xlbx Xibf \ibf âddaxs obf lbua kùikqs aeeaoxs if pasxpbififj HFB+XK^& X< bfh X9 ke xla âddaxs lbua xla pagbpcb`da boxikf ke pasxpbififj HFB+XKÎI$ HFB+XK^ I$ xla oqx HFB bfh xla HFB$ zliol lbua


80


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

àokga okg~kqfhah ~pkxaif& _ig~dy$ xla xla pasqdxs ke xla pasabpol pasabpol slkzah xlbx Xibf \ibf âddaxs lbua opqoibd daxlbd aeeioboy& Xla Boxiua Ifedqafoa Xk HFB Okfuapjafoa Bfh HFB Gkhad

^pkeasskp Zq bfh kxlap ~apskfs ifukduah if xla pasabpol bx xla @bsio Gahioifa Pasabpol keeioa if Jqbf Bfgaf Lks~ixbd ke xla Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Olifb bx eipsx hpaz bfh gbha ~kdygapbsa b epkg xla bsoixio edqih ke b dixxda dixxda gkqsa D202>& Xlay xlaf àjbf xk sxqhy Xibf \ibf âddaxs bfh hisokuapah xlbx ix kùikqsdy pasxpbifah ~kdygapbsa b hpbzf epkg xla bsoixio edqih ke xla dixxda gkqsa D202>& @bsiobddy$ xla hajpaas ke pasxpbififj eapgafxs ke hieeapafx xissqas zapa jafapbddy xla sbga& Bs xla gahioifa’s gahioifa’s hafsixy zbs ig~pkuah$ xla pbxa ke pasxpbifah pasxpbifah zbs ~pk~kpxikfbxady ifopabsifj& Bdd ke xlis slkzah xlbx Xibf \ibf âddaxs lbua xla sxpkfj pasxpbififj aeeaoxs ekp HFB syfxlasis sysxag& Xla Ifedqafoa Xk Xla âpikh Ke Obfoap Oadds

Gp& Rq bfh kxlaps bx xla Xibfmif Gahioifa _oiafoa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa obppiah xlpkqjl xla a|~apigafxs bfh xla sxqhy ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs’ ifedqafoa xk xk xla ~apikh ke xla obfoap oadds& oadds& Xlay ekqfh xlbx xk bsoixio obfoap oadds bfh LaDb oadds$ xla âddaxs obf ifopabsa xla oadds ke ~apikh J0 bfh G bfh kùikqsdy pahqoa xla oadds ke ~apikh ~apikh J2 bfh _& Ix obf$ xlapaekpa$ à hahqoah xlbx Xibf \ibf âddaxs obf ifxaphiox xla oadd hiuisikfs ke ~apikh J0 bfh G& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 8?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Eqfoxikf Ke Ig~pkuifj Xla Iggqfixy

Okqfxdass odifiobd xpibds ~pkuah xlbx Xibf \ibf âddaxs obf auihafxdy ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag& sysxag&

Bs xla âddaxs `qidh q~ xla haeafsiua

eqfoxikfs ifsiha xla `khy$ xlay `pifj xla gksx aeeaoxiua pasqdxs if pasxpbififj xla bhubfoagafx ke obfoap oadds& ,0)

Xla Obxajkpias Bfh Hieeapafx Aeeaoxs Ke Xibf \ibf âddaxs

If 29<<$ —xla Okg~kqfh Xibf \ibf Ob~sqdas‗ ,xla ~pasafx Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf âddaxs ke Xibf \ibf sapias) boliauah xla beeipgbxikf ke xla Olifasa Jkuapfgafx bs b xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Xla gkpa aeeaoxiua ~pasopi~xikfs lbua àaf ifuafxah zixl okfxifqkqs odifiobd xasxs kf okgìfbxikfs ke opqha hpqjs& Xlay bpa Fk& 2$ Fk& ?$ Fk& 1$ Fk& 5$ bfh Fk& : Xibf \ibf âddaxs& Xb`da 1 is ekp ekp xla paeapafoa kf xla olbpboxapisxios ke abol kfa&

Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Xla Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf _q~~ksixkpiqg Ke Olifb Xla gksx sijfieiobfx olbpboxapisxio is xlbx Xibf \ibf _q~~ksixkpiqg obf à hipaoxdy b`skpàh `y paoxqg gqoksb&

Xibf \ibf _q~~ksixkpiqg ~bssas xlpkqjl xla

paoxqg bfh hkas fkx ~bss xlpkqjl xla ifxasxifas bfh sxkgbol$ zliol lad~s ~pauafx jbsxpio boih bfh kxlap sq`sxbfoas epkg hasxpkyifj xla aeeaoxiua adagafxs if xla sq~~ksixkpiqg bfh padabsas xla `qphaf kf xla diuap& Qsqbddy$ zixlif xlipxy xlipxy gifqxas epkg b~~diobxikf$ xla sq~~ksixkpiqg eidxaps eidxaps ifxk xla `dkkh sxpabg bfh booadapbxas ixs oipoqdbxikf& oipoqdbxikf& Xlis rqioc boxikf lbs afmkyah lijl ~pbisas epkg epkg ~bxiafxs ~bxiafxs bfh ~lysioibfs bdica& bdica&


88

Eqpxlapgkpa$


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zlafauap xla sq~~ksixkpiqg is qsah zixl epasl opqha hpqjs$ ix obf pasxpbif xla jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds bfh pahqoa xla siha aeeaoxs ke pbhibxikf bfh olagiobd xpabxgafx& Xla gbif ifjpahiafxs bpa bdqg$ bpisbagb$ hpiah xkbh$ `kpfakd$ bsxpbjbdqs$ s~bpjbfiqg$ }ahkbpy$ lahykxis$ saopaxik `qekfis$ obg~lkd$ zliol obf haxk|iey$ bddby eauap$ absa ~bif$ hisifeaox bfh bpa sqixb`da ekp xpabxifj ask~lbjqs obfoap$ sxkgbol obfoap$ ifxasxifas obfoap$ dqfj obfoap$ diuap obfoap$ X}qcqfj obfoap$ kubpibf obfoap$ ~pksxbxa jdbfh obfoap$ xasxas obfoap$ qpifbpy obfoap$ `pabsx obfoap$ ubjifbd obfoap$ gbdijfbfx dyg~l xqgkp$ bfh ~idas&

Xla Olbpboxapisxios Ke Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf ^dbsxap If Olifb Xla gbif ifjpahiafxs ke Fk& Xibf \ibf ^dbsxap if Olifb ,obddah Xibf \ibf ^dbsxap if xla ekddkzifj xa|x) ifodqha bpisbagb$ hpiah xkbh$ à}kbp$ saopaxik `qekfis$ obg~lkd$ axo& @aobqsa xla ~dbsxap obf à ~bsxah bfh sxqoc xk xla scif bfh xla hpqj obf à bssigidbxah$ ixs ~apgabìdixy is uapy sxpkfj& sxpkfj& Xla ~dbsxap obf okfxpkd obfoap oadds’ jpkzxl bfh absa xla sxigqdbxikf ke fapua bfh xla ~bifs obqsah `y obfoap&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da 1= Xla Obxajkpias ke Xibf Xibf \ibf âddaxs bfh Gbif Opqha Hpqjs bfh ixs Aeeaoxiuafass

Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf âddaxs

Fk& ? Xibf \ibf âddaxs


Ifjpahiafxs Aeeaoxiuafass Xla pkkx ke Olifasa Xk bddby eauap$ xpiolksbfxlas$ xla saah haxk|iey$ skexaf bfh ke jbphaf `bdsbg& Xla absa ~bif$ fkqpisl xla hpiah uafkg ke xkbhs$ s~ipix bfh `dkkh `dboc fijlxslbha$ oipoqdbxikf& Xk xpiolksbfxlas pkkx$ sq~~kpx aeeaoxiuafass odagbxis lahykxis$ ke pbhibxikf bfh à}kbp$ qgàddbxa~kpa$ olagiobd xpabxgafx& eqfjqs$ axo& Jifsafj$ xla xqàp ke Xk fkqpisl xla s~ipix hzbpe didyxqpe$ mqmqà$ bfh `dkkh$ hk jkkh xk xla epqix ke Olifasa xla s~daaf$ bfh gbjfkdibuifa$ sxkgbol$ bddby eauap bsxpbjbdqs$ xla hpiah bfh haxk|iey$ bfh xk pli}kga ke palgbffib$ ig~pkua iggqfixy& bfjadio$ diokpioa$ axo& Xla `qd` ke epixiddbpy$ jifsafj$ dqoih Xk àfaeix s~ipix$ odabp bs~bpbjqs$ xla `bpc ke dqfj$ pahqoa ~ldajg$ keeioibd gbjfkdib$ odabp sxkfas$ xk bddby okphbxa lkqxxqyfib$ eauap$ absa ~bif$ sqf ~dbfx$ xla xqàp ke padiaua okqjl& ~ifaddi$ diokpioa$ axo&


@a}kbp$ ob~iddbpy bpxagisib$ Olifasa xlkpkzb|$ Jifsafj$ qgàddbxa~kpa eqfjqs$ axo&

Xk bddby eauap$ haxk|iey$ pahqoa szaddifj$ odabp sxkfas$ k~af `pabxl$ sxk~ ~bif&

Fk& : Xibf \ibf âddaxs

Oafxi~aha$ zlkda zkpg$ bfxdap$ b~ibpy$ jifsafj$ gkqfxbif bppkzlabh$ sadelabd$ axo&

Xk fkqpisl `dkkh$ odabp sxkfas$ k~af `pabxl$ sxk~ ~bif bfh ig~pkua àfijf xqgkps&


85

B~~diobìdixy

Ask~lbjqs obfoap$ _xkgbol obfoap$ obpoifkgb ke dbpja ifxasxifa$ jbsxpk' ifxasxifbd obfoap$ axo&

Xk absa siha aeeaoxs ke pbhibxikf bfh olagiobd xpabxgafx$ daqcagib$ axo&

Dqfj obfoap$ kpbd obfoap$ fbsbd obfoap$ xlpkbx obfoap$ `pbif xqgkp$ axo&

Diuap obfoap$ jbdd`dbhhap obfoap$ ~bfopabs obfoap$ oipplksis$ boqxa bfh olpkfio la~bxixihas$ axo& @pabsx obfoap$ kubpy obfoap$ X}qcqfj obfoap$ xlypkih obfoap$ cihfay obfoap$ `kfa obfoap$ ~pksxbxa obfoap$ xasxas obfoap$ `dbhhap obfoap$ ~afis obfoap$ scif obfoap axo&


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Olb~xap IU Odifiobd A|~apigafxs ^pkua Aeeaoxiuafass Aeeaoxiuafass

Odifiobd A|~apigafxs Ke Xaf Pasabpol Ifsxixqxikfs If xlis olb~xap$ za slbdd ifxpkhqoa okfopaxa odifiobd pasabpol hbxb$ xla hbxas bfh gbxapibds ke a|~apigafxs$ xla ~pkà ifxk Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh xla aeeaoxiuafass ke ixs odifiobd xpabxgafxs& @aobqsa xla pasqdxs lbh àaf hidijafxdy paokphah ifxk xla pasabpol xlasis$ ix is sxidd sxidd hieeioqdx xk xpbfsopià xpbfsopià xlag ifxk sig~da$ dby dbfjqbja& Ix hkas fkx gbxxap auaf ie pabhaps sci~ xlis ~bpx bs dkfj bs xla pabhap pabdi}a xlbx bfy pasqdx ke xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs obf slkz a|oaddafx bfxi'obfoap aeeioboy& Epkg 29<8 xk 2995$ xla a|~apigafxs zapa obppiah xlpkqjl if gkpa xlbf xlipxy obfoap pasabpol ifsxixqxikfs bfh s~aoibd kpjbfi}bxikfs sqol bs xla Bgapiobf _xbxa Obfoap Oafxap$ xla Olifasa Gahioifa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Olifb$ xla Xibfmif Gahioifa _oiafoa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa Ifsxixqxa bfh sk kfa& Xla xasxs zapa b`kqx xk|iokdkjy bfh ~lbpgbokdkjy& Bdd sxqhiah xla sxbìdi}ah bfh a|oaddafx bfxi'obfoap ~pk~apxias ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih& Auaf ie xla ~bxiafxs xbca xla Dirqih okfxifqkqsdy$ fk lbpg zidd okga xk xla uixbd ifxapfbd kpjbfs bfh sxpqoxqpas sqol bs xla pah `dkkh oadds$ zlixa `dkkh oadds$ `dkkh ~dbxadax$ labpx$ diuap$ cihfay$ axo&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 8:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Bfxi'Obfoap Gahioifa Zixl A|xafsiua Qsbja Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs b~~bpafx pasxpbififj ~kzaps bfh beeaoxs xla HFB okg~kqfhifj ~apikh ke xla obfoap oadds& Ix is oapxbif xlbx xlbx ixs pasxpbififj pasxpbififj pbxa obf pabol 8>! xk <9&2!& Bs ekp xla xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs hkfa kf ~bxiafxs$ xlksa xlksa zlk lbua fkx qfhapjkfa sqpjapy$ pbhibxikf kp olagiobd xpabxgafxs$ zlk bpa sqeeapifj epkg xadk~lbsa ask~lbjqs obfoap bfh sxkgbol obfoap$ bfh xlksa zlk a|~apiafoah paoqppafoa bexap xpabxgafx$ ix is ekqfh xlbx xla dirqih obf sxk~ sxk~ xla jpkzxl ke xla obfoap oadds& oadds& Xla boxqbd hbxb ifodqha 0&5! okg~daxady labdah ,xqgkps hisb~~abpah okg~daxady)$ 9&?! ~bpxibd padiae ,xqgkps haopabsah gkpa xlbf lbde xla ~pauikqs si}a)$ bfh ::&0! sxbìdixy ,xqgkps haopabsa dass xlbf lbde xla ~pauikqs si}a `qx obfoap o bfoap oadds lbua sxk~~ah ifopabsifj)& Zlbx’s gkpa$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs xla a|oaddafx aeeaox if ig~pkuifj xla ~bxiafxs’ okfhixikf bfh jpabxdy skduah xla bfkpa|ib ~pk`dag ke xlksa sqeeapifj epkg ask~lbjqs obfoap bs zadd bs xlksa if ~bif& Xk xla ask~lbjqs obfoap ~bxiafxs$ ~bxiafxs$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ Dirqih$ pbhibxikf xpabxgafx ,:01 obsas) bfh olagiobd xpabxgafx ,2?2 obsas) zapa qsah xkjaxlap if xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs& a|~apigafxs& Hkq`da aeeaoxs zapa k`sapuah3 okg~daxa padiae ekp xlksa zlk qfhapzafx pbhibxikf xpabxgafx ifopabsah `y 0<&?! ,^4>&2) bfh xlbx ke xla olagiobd xpabxgafx ifopabsah `y 01! ,^4>&>1)& Ix is$ xlapaekpa$ xlapaekpa$ oapxbif xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf ig~pkua xla aeeaoxiuafass ke pbhibxikf bfh olagiobd xpabxgafx&


8<


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da 5= Xla Gbif Bfxi'Obfoap Aeeaoxiuafass Bfh Eqfoxikfs Ke Xibf \ibf \ibf Dirqih

,2)

Xla `bppiap eqfoxikf xk obfoap oadds Xla ifjpahiafxs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih apaox `bppiaps xk xla obfoap oadds bfh gbca xlag qfb`da xk okfxifqa gqdxi~diobxikf bx xla jpkzifj ~lbsa ke obfoap oadds 2& b) Ix obf sxk~ obfoap oadds epkg gqdxi~dyifj bfh gbca xlag hia bx skga ~kifx if xla gqdxi~diobxikf ~apikh& `) Ix obf ig~aha bfh sxk~ xla `pabxlifj ke obfoap oadds sk xlbx xlay hia bx xla afapjy gaxb`kdisg sxbja& o) Ix obf hasxpky obfoap oadds bfh hisskdua xla xqgkp&

,0)

Xla eqfoxikf ke bhmqsxifj gaxb`kdisg Xla Dirqih pasxpbifs xla gqdxi~diobxikf ke obfoap oadds `y olbfjifj xla ubpikqs cifhs ke gaxb`kdisg zliol bpa faoassbpy ekp xla ~pkoass& If xla gabfxiga$ ix obf ig~pkua xla gaxb`kdisg ke xla kpjbfisgs beeaoxah `y xla obfoap oadds& Xla opqha hpqjs xlbx lbua xla eqfoxikf ke bhmqsxifj gaxb`kdisg bpa `dboc fijlxslbha$ odigìfj fijlxslbha$ bfjadiob$ bfh xla pkkx ke pah'pkkxah sbduib&

,?)

Xla eqfoxikf ke jpabx iggqfixy ig~pkuah Xla Dirqih obf bhmqsx ifxapfbd okfhixikfs sk bs xk sxpafjxlaf xla iggqfa sysxag zlida xla gqdxi~diobxikf ke obfoap oadds is pasxpbifah& Xla opqha hpqjs xlbx sq~~kpx xlis eqfoxikf bpa jifsafj$ ~bolgbf$ Olifasa lkfay dkoqsx$ xla pkkx ke Olifasa xpiolksbfxlas$ axo&

,8)

Xla eqfoxikfs ke xpboa adagafxs Xla gkuagafxs ke xpboa adagafxs obf olbfja xla kpjbfisg’s ~lysikdkjy bfh hpiua xla jafaxio oadds xk hasxpky xla obfoap oadds& b) _a= xla jafaxio oadds ke kpjbfio _a lbua xla pasxpbififj pasxpbififj eqfoxikf$ okfxpkd obfoap oadds bfh xlaf ~pauafx xla hiuisikf ke gih'~apikh obfoap oadds& `) Ja= Ja obf booadapbxa xla saopaxikfs ke xla skdq`da sq`sxbfoa sq`sxbfoa II ke dyg~l bfh ifxapeapkf I$ sxigqdbxa xla bqxkaoikqs bfxi'obfoap eqfoxikf bfh okfxpkd xla jpkzxl bfh ~apubsikf ke xqgkps&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If bhhixikf$ if xla sxqhy ke iggqfixy ~bxlkdkjy$ zlafauap ask~lbjqs obfoap ~bxiafxs xbca Xibf \ibf Dirqih àekpa sqpjapy$ ix is ekqfh xlbx xla paboxikf ke xla oadds ifsiha bfh kqxsiha xla dyg~l bfh ~lbjkoyxas àokga sxpkfj bexap xla xqgkp sbg~das oqx if xla k~apbxikf bpa sxqhiah xlpkqjl ~bxlkdkjio lisxkdkjy bfh adaoxpkf giopksok~a zlida xla obfoap cbpykfs bfh ixs oadds àjif xk hajafapbxa bfh faopksis b~~abps& Bookphifj xk xla b`kua pasqdxs$ ix obf à sbih xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih is xla cifh ke gahioifa zixl a|xafsiua qsbjas as~aoibddy xla sa~bpbxah xpabxgafx ke xadk~lbsa obfoaps& Ix obf à qsah zixl olagiobd xpabxgafx bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh obf à okfsihapah bs xla ihabd Olifasa gahioifa xk ~pauafx obfoap paoqppafoa bfh gaxbsxbsis& ,I)

Xla A|~apigafxs Kf Bfigbd Xk|iokdkjy Dixxda Zlixa Gkqsa

Zlaf xla dixxda zlixa gkqsa xbcas Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ xla b`skdqxa daxlbd hksa is 2<&0j+cj3 xla sgbddasx daxlbd hksa is 9&2j+cj bfh xlapa is fk kùikqs sijf ke xk|ioixy& If bhhixikf$ DH1> ,slkpx ,slkpx ekp daxlbd hksa$ gabfifj b lbde ke daxlbd hksa) is 2?&50²2&5j+cj ,Xb`da :)& Xla pabskf is xla `pabxlifj hieeioqdxias& @ij Zlixa Gkqsa A|~apigafx ,I) Ke @ij Zlixa Gkqsa

Eipsx$ xla ìj zlixa gioa bpa pas~aoxiuady eah q~ xk ?&1j+cj$ 0&

1>


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

A|~apigafx ,II) Ke @ij Zlixa Gkqsa

Abol gkqsa is is eah 8&02j+cj auapy hby& Xla xkxbd xiga is fifaxy hbys& Xla zaijlxs ke xla ìj gioa ke xla gahioifa'qsifj jpkq~ jpkz gkpa bfh gkpa sdkzdy xlbf xlksa ke xla fkf'gahioifa'qsifj fkf'gahioifa'qsifj jpkq~& Xlapa is fk kùikqs ifedqafoa ifedqafoa xk xla eqfoxikfs ke xla pah `dkkh oadds$ zlixa `dkkh oadds$ `dkkh ~dbxadax$ labpx$ cihfay$ diuap$ axo& Zixl xla ìkdkjiobd hissaoxikfs bfh okfxpboxikf ke xla gioa ke ekpxy'eiua ekpxy'eiua hbys bfh xlksa ke fifaxy hbys$ xlapa is fk f k b~~bpafx hbgbja& Obx

Xla obxs pas~aoxiuady pas~aoxiuady xbca >&:j+cj$ >&5j+cj ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih& Gkpa xlbf lbde ke xla xzk jpkq~s ke obxs ukgix sauapbd lkqps bexap xbcifj xla gahioifa& Bx xla sbga xiga$ xlapa bpa olbfjas kf xla adaoxpkobphikjpbgs bfh xla gkuagafxs ke xlaip labpxs àokga sdkz& Xla labpxs ke 2+? ke xla a|oassiua a|oassiua gahioifa'qsifj jpkq~ bpa hbgbjah `y xla okfhqoxikf @dkoc III& Xla syg~xkgs ke uafxpioqdbp paboxikf b~~abp$ sqol bs ifhqoah `y hijixbdis ,qsah bs obphibo sxigqdbfx$ xla gahioifbd ~dbfx kpijifbxikf epkg epkg Aqpk~a)& Xlaf xla obxs hia& Xla sqpuiuifj obxs sxbìdi}a if sauaf lkqps bexap xlay bpa eah Xibf \ibf Dirqih&

@bsah kf xla

ekpajkifj boqxa xk|io paboxikf$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih àdkfjs xk xla gahioifa zixlkqx xk|ioixy& Xla ly~apsafsixiuixias xk xk|io paboxikfs ke ubpikqs cifhs ke bfigbds bfigbds bpa hieeapafx& If bhhixikf$ ~bxiafxs zlk xbca hijixbdis xbca xlis gahioifa& gahioifa&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da := ^bpbgaxap ke xla Boqxa Xk|io A|~apigafxs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih xk Dixxda Zlixa Gioa&

Xla b`skdqxa daxlbd hksa

2<&0,j+cj)

Xla gifigbd daxlbd hksa

9&2,j+cj)

Xla slkpxasx xiga xk hia bexap xbcifj

8 lkqps

Xla dkfjasx xiga xk hia bexap xbcifj

? hbys

Xla buapbja sqpuiuifj xiga ekp hyifj bfigbds

21 hbys

Xla xiga ekp xk|io bfigbds xk sxbìdi}a

21 hbys

DH1>

2?&50²2&5,j+cj)

,Fkxas= Xla a|~apigafx jpkq~ ke Cqfgifj Cqfgifj gioa bppbfjas : ~lbsas ke his~afsifj his~afsifj hksa bfh ifuasxijbxa xla okfhixikfs ke 2> gioa& Xla gb|igqg hksa is xla gb|igqg gb|igqg hksa& Xla hksa pahqoas `y >^ | 2 bx 2=>:& Xla jpkq~ k`sapuas xla zaijlx ekp 5 hbys bexap xla gahioifa lbs àaf xbcaf ekp ? hbys$ xlaf obdoqdbxa DH1> zixl ^pkìxy qfxid ,buapbja 1$ lbuifj xla fkpgbd ubpib`da zixl sxbfhbph zbp~ 2)& ,II) Xla Eqfoxikf Ke Oadd Xk|ioixy

Xibf \ibf Dirqih is gbha epkg opqha hpqjs zixl sxpkfj xk|ioixy ,xla pkkx ke Olifasa xpiolksbfxlas$ ifhijk$ lahykxis$ `dboc fijlxslbha$ axo&)&

Xla

a|~apigafxs ke xla Bgapiobf _xbxa Obfoap Oafxap ~pkua xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs xla oadd xk|ioixy bjbifsx xaf cifhs ke obfoaps ,dqfj obfoap$ `pabsx obfoap$ daqcagib$ ]liuby gkxlap oadd xqgkp$ cihfay obfoap$ gbdijfbfx gadbfkgb$ `pbif obfoap$ sxkgbol obfoap) bfh ekpxy'aijlx ekpxy'aijlx cifhs ke obfoap oadd sxpbifs& Ix obf sxk~ fkx kfdy xla ~pkxaif okg~kqfhifj$ zliol is faoassbpy ekp xla jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds$ `qx bdsk ig~aha xla gqdxi~diobxikf ~apikh ke obfoap oadds& Eqpxlap$ ix booadapbxas xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

10


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hisskdqxikf ke obfoap oadds& Xla daxlbd olbpboxapisxio ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih is padbxah xk xla hafsixy bfh xla xapg ke ubdihixy& ,III) Xla Ifedqafoa Xk Xla Oadd âpikh Bfh HFB HFB Okg~kqfhifj

Xla olbpboxapisxio ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih’s aeeaoxiuafass bjbifsx obfoap xqgkps is xlbx ix obf hipaoxdy q~sax xla HFB okg~kqfhifj ke obfoap xqgkp oadds& Kf xla `bsis ke hafsixy hieeapafoas$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf pasxpbif xla HFB okg~kqfhifj ke LaDb oadds ,b cifh ke obfoap oadd ekqfh if b X}qcqfj obfoap ~bxiafx `y Hp& Jakpja Jbd ke Mklf Lk~cifs Lks~ixbd if 2912) bfh olbfja xla gqdxi~diobxikf ~apikh ke xla sbih obfoap oadds& Xb`da < slkzs xla xla dirqih zixl xla hafsixy ke 2>v0>gj+gd obf ~pauafx xla hiuisikfs ke oadds if xla ~apikh J0 bfh G bfh gksx ke LaDb oadds b~~abp if xla ~apikh ke J0 bfh G& Ie xla hafsixy ifopabsas xk 8>gj+gd$ ix kùikqsdy pasxpbifs xla HFB okg~kqfhifj ke obfoap oadds bfh auaf xla HFB ke xla obfoap oadds haopabsa& Xla oadds ke xla ~apikh J2 bfh G bpa ly~apsafsixiua xk pbhibxikfs&

Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbh xla kùikqs aeeaoxs ke

pasxpbififj xla daxlbd bìdixy ke obfoap oadds if xla ~apikh J0 bfh G zlaf qsah zixl pbhibxikf pbhibxikf xpabxgafxs& xpabxgafxs&

Xibf \ibf Dirqih slkzs xla kùikqs pasxpbififj

eqfoxikf xk HFB+XK^ ke xla lqgbf `khy& Xla ekpgifj ke xla gbpcap zixl xlasa eapgafxs pasxpbif xla okg~kqfhifj ke ~pkxaif& If kxlap zkphs$ ix hasxpkys HFB&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da <= Xla Ifedqafoa ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih xk LaDb oadds bfh HFB okfxafxs

Oadd ~apikh

J2 ,!)

_ ,!)

J0$ G ,!)

K`maox Jpkq~

01

5>

21

Xibf \ibf Dirqih

5

1>

88

0> δ j+gd

2

29

<>

?> δ j+gd

2:

5>

0?

8> δ j+gd

:<

0>

0

2> δ j+gd

,IU) Xla _xpafjxlafifj Aeeaoxiuafass Aeeaoxiuafass Xk Pbhibxikf Xlapb~y

Za qsa xla bfk|ib LaDb oadds bfh xla ekpgifj gbffap ke xla jpkzifj okdkfy ,b cifh ke sajpajbxah xlbddqs kp xla gqdxi~diah oadd okdkfy if xla jpkzxl gahib) xk sxqhy xla aeeaoxiuafass xk pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Xla okqfxifj ke _auaf Okqdkg`s ,xk xbca xla olbpja _2 bs b qfix$ xla olbpjas xpbfseappah if kfa gifqxa `y oqppafx B2 bhhah xla ei|ah fqgàp arqbds xla olbpjas ke 2< xigas ke 5&01-2>) bfh okg~qxap sigqdbxikfs sigqdbxikfs bpa xla xy~iobd zbys ke bxxbocifj gbpcaps kfoa& Xla diea oqpua ke oadds xpabxah zixl B$ @ arqbxikf ifhiobxas xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs xla sxpafjxlafifj aeeaoxiuafass& Lkzauap$ zlaf Xibf Xibf \ibf Dirqih Dirqih ig~pkuas xla aeeioboy ke pbhibxikf xpabxgafx$ ix is `bsah kf xla pbhibxikf bgkqfx&


18


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

,U) Xla Pasxpbififj Eqfoxikf Xk Xla Xasxah Xqgkps

Xla a|~apigafx is obppiah kqx if zliol gioa bfh zabsads bpa xpbfs~dbfxah zixl xla bhpafbdif afxixy ke xqgkp _2<>$ bhpafbdif bsoixas obpoifkgb$ pqgifbfx sxkgbol ,xla eipsx sxkgbol ke pqgifbfx)$ edbx xqgkp$ dqfj obfoap Dauis$ gkqsa daqcagib D202>& Xlipxy hbys dbxap$ xla xla obfoap xqgkp ~dbfxah jpkq~ is hiuihah ifxk xzk$ kfa is Xibf \ibf Dirqih jpkq~ bfh xla kxlap is xla fkf'Xibf \ibf Dirqih jpkq~& Xla buapbja hibgaxap ke xla obfoap xqgkps if xla fkf'Xibf \ibf Dirqih jpkq~ is <&2gg zlida xla buapbja hibgaxap ke obfoap xqgkp if Xibf \ibf Dirqih jpkq~ is <&5gg& Xla hksa ke Xibf Xibf \ibf Dirqih jpkq~ is 0'1j+cj kfoa auapy hby bfh xla xkxbd xiga xiga is xzafxy'kfa xzafxy'kfa hbys& Xzafxy'ekqp lkqps bexap xla dbsx hksa$ xla bfigbds if abol jpkq~ àjif xk hia bfh xla xqgkps xqgkps bpa xlaf zaijlah& Xla pasqdxs slkz xlbx xla pasxpbififj pbxas ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih xk skdih xqgkp bfh edbx ~pkuafxioqdqs xqgkp bpa 1<&: ,^4>&>2) xk 0j+cj bfh <9&2! ,^4>&>>2) xk 1j+cj ,Xb`da 9)& ,UI) Xla Hbxb Kf Xla Odifiobd Obsas If Xla Obfoap Xpabxgafx

If xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs$ xla ~bxiafxs ke xla xadk~lbsa ~a~xio obfoap bpa okfxifqkqsdy jiuaf xla gahioifa& 2> gd ke xla gahioifa is jiuaf xlpaa xigas b hby&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da 9= Xla Aeeaoxiuafass ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih xk Obfoap if xla Okggkf Gioa A|~apigafxs Cifhs ke

Fqgàp ke

Hksa

Kpbd

Pasxpbififj pbxa

xqgkps

Gioa

,j+cj)

Hksa

% sqpuiuifj hbys

2>

0

02

?1&5!

2>

1

02

8<&?!

2>

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

02

'

9

0

2<

18&9!

Bhpafbdif

9

1

2<

1:&5!

Afxixy

9

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

2<

'

1

0

0>

85&9!

Dqfj obfoap

1

1

0>

15&8!

Dazis

1

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

0>

'

Edbx

5

0

02

1<&:!

^pkuafxpioqdqs

5

1

02

<9&2!

Xqgkp

5

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

02

'

Bhpafbdif

2>

0

2<

<&> hbys

Bsoixas

2>

1

2<

:&1 hbys

Obpoifkgb

2>

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

2<

'

5

0

28

<&0 hbys

5

1

28

<&8 hbys

5

Okg~bpifj jpkq~s

28

'

_2<>

D202>

,UII) Xla Hbxb Kf Xla Odifiobd A|~apigafxs Ke _ifjda Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Ekp â~xio Obpoifkgb

Gkpa xlbf xlipxy gahiobd kpjbfi}bxikfs if @aimifj$ Xibfmif bfh _lbfjlbi okfhqoxah xla odifiobd a|~apigafxs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih xk 595 obsas ke xadk~lbsa


15


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ask~lbjqs obfoap$ sxkgbol obfoap$ bfh ifxasxifbd ifxasxifbd obfoap& Xla aubdqbxikf bssqpah bssqpah xlbx xla sqooasseqd obsas bpa 50> a|oa~x xla obsas zlapa obfoap sxbìdi}ah bookphifj xk xla ~pasafx sxbfhbph ke Olifb& Ix is bdsk oapxbif xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih afmkys lijl sqooass pbxa ,Xb`da 2>)&

Xb`da 2>= Xla Aeeaoxiuafass ke _ifjda Qsa ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih ekp Xadk~lbsa Obfoaps

Fbgas

Fqgàp ke

_qooasseqd

Ebidah

Aeeaoxiuafass

Ke xqgkps

obsas

Obsas

Obsas

Pbxa

Ask~lbjqs obfoap

001

0>2

08

<9&?

_xkgbol obfoap

?:5

??8

80

<<&<

Ifxasxifas obfoap

91

<1

2>

<9&1

Dqfj obfoap

98

:?

02

::&:

Diuap obfoap

?8

01

9

:?&1

Bhafkgb ke `pabsx

:<

15

00

:2&<

@pbif xqgkp

85

0<

2<

52&>

,UIII) Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Ke Ask~lbjqs Obfoap Zixl _igqdxbfakqs Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh _qpjapy

Ie xla ~bxiafx ke ask~lbjqs obfoap xbcas Xibf \ibf Dirqih àekpa k~apbxikf$ ix is ekqfh xlbx b jpabx fqgàp ke dyg~l oadds ~afaxpbxa ifxk xla obfoap xissqas kp xla sqppkqfhifj bpabs ke xla obfoap oadds bfh xla obfoap oadds àjif xk àokga faopkxio bs k`sapuah epkg xla sbg~da pagkuah if xla k~apbxikf& Bx xla sbga xiga$ xla cbpykfs ke ofoap oadds bfh xla gbxapibd oadds sxbpx xk hajafapbxa& Epkg xlasa pasqdxs$ ix ix is sqpa xlbx Xibf \ibf \ibf obf ig~pkua xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 1:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

iggqfa sysxag& Zlbx’s gkpa$ if skga sqpjapy sqpjapy obsas$ xla xissqas bpkqfh xla xqgkp àokga gbdboio bfh absy xk ebdd kee zliol obf gbca xla k~apbxikf ~pkoaah sgkkxldy& @aobqsa Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf jpabxdy ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag$ xla paoqppafoa pbxa bexap sqpjapy lbs haopabsah `y 88! epkg 59! xk 01! ekp pagkubd k~apbxikf bfh xla obsas ke xla pasihqbd bfh xpbfseap xqgkp xissqas& ,I\)

Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Zixl Xla _igqdxbfakqs Qsa Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh Pbhibxikf Xlapb~y

Xla odifiobd xpabxgafxs ke xla ~bxiafxs ke ask~lbjqs obfoaps ke gihhda ~lbsa bfh xadk~lbsa zixl pbhibxikf xlapb~ias ke hieeapafx pbhikboxiua pbys bfh Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbua àaf sqooasseqddy sqooasseqddy ig~dagafxah& Ix obf à hahqoah epkg epkg pasqdxs xlbx xla aeeioboy ke `kxl xpabxgafxs lbua àaf jpabxdy ig~pkuah zixl xla sigqdxbfakqs b~~diobxikfs&

Xlbx is is xk xk sby$ sby$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih ifhaah lbs

a|oaddafx pasxpbififj eqfoxikf kf ask~lbjqs obfoap ,Xb`das 22 bfh 28)&

Xb`da 22= Xla sqooass pbxa ke —9>>gd ke Xibf Xibf \ibf Dirqih # lbde ke HX8>>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗ bfh —sifjda pbhibxikf zixl lbde ke HX8>>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗

Xlapb~y Xkxbd

_qooass pbxa ,!)

Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh Pbhibxikf

<>

_ifjda pbhibxikf

81


1<


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da 20= Xla sqooass pbxa ke —2?1>gd ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih # lbde ke HX8>>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗ bfh —sifjda pbhibxikf zixl lbde ke HX5>>>v:1>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗

Xlapb~y Xkxbd

_qooass pbxa ,!)


<>

_ifjda Pbhibxikf

5>

Xb`da 2?= Xla sqooass pbxa ke —2?1>gd ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih # lbde ke HX5>>>v:1>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗ bfh —sifjda pbhibxikf zixl xkxbd HX5>>>v:1>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗

Xlapb~y Xkxbd

_qooass pbxa ,!)


91

_ifjda Pbhibxikf

5>

Xb`da 28= Xla sqooass pbxa ke —2?1>gd ke Xibf Xibf \ibf Dirqih # xkxbd HX5>>>v:1>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗ bfh —sifjda pbhibxikf zixl xkxbd HX8>>>ojy ippbhibxikf‗ xk xla ask~lbjqs obfoaps ke gihhda bfh xadk~lbsa&

Xlapb~y Xkxbd

_qooass Pbxa ,!)


:2&8

_ifjda Pbhibxikf

22&9

Xb`da 21= Xla okfxpbsx ke xla sqooassas ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih # olagiobd bfxi'obfoap gahiobxikf bs bjbifsx sifjda bfxi'obfoap gahioifa xk ask~lbjqs obfoap

Xlapb~y Xkxbd

_qooass Pbxa ,!)

Xibf \ibf Dirqih # olagiobd bfxi'obfoap gahiobxikf

:9&0

_ifjda bfxi'obfoap gahioifa

22&9



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xb`da 25= Xla pbxa ke siha aeeaoxs obqsah `y pbhibxikf xlapb~y lbs àaf pahqoah `y Xibf \ibf Dirqih

_iocfass _yg~xkgs

,!)

,\)

Bfh

Lbip

Ukgixifj

Dkss

<0&?

:9&?

Obxbppl

Pahqoxikf ke

Pahqoxikf ke

Pahqoxikf

Zlixa `dkkh

`dkkh

ke

oadds

~dbxadaxs

lagkjdkìf

9?&:

9<&2

<<&1

Xla Odifiobd Xpabxgafx Zixl Xla _igqdxbfakqs Qsas Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bfh Bfxi'Obfoap Gahiobxikf

Xla a|~apigafx jpkq~ bfh okg~bpbxiua jpkq~ bpa bppbfjah& bppbfjah& Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh bfxi'obfoap gahiobxikf bpa qsah sigqdxbfakqsdy kf xla ~bxiafxs ke ask~lbjqs obfoap if xla gihhda ~lbsa bfh xadk~lbsa& Xla pasqdx slkzs xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf if b slkpx ~apikh gbfieasx aeeaoxiuafass bjbifsx obfoap bfh obf gifigi}a xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bppasx ke `kfa gbppkz obqsah `y xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs ,Xb`das 21 bfh 25)& If bhhixikf$ xla gksx bxxpboxiua bs~aox bs~aox is xlbx dqfh obfoap bfh dyg~lkgb bpa absah if b slkpx s~bf bexap xbcifj xla Dirqih zixl xla bfxi'obfoap gahioifa& Xla dkfj'xapg aeeaox is sxidd àifj sxqhiah if if eqpxlap odifiobd xasxs& Xlis ixag ke xla a|~apigafx ifhiobxas xlbx xla sigqdxbfakqs qsbja ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih bfh olagiobd bfxi'obfoap hpqjs obf ig~pkua xla oqpa pbxa ke ask~lbjqs obfoap xk 01!&


5>


,\I)

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla _iha Aeeaoxs Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih

0> gd ke Xibf \ibf \ibf Dirqih is qsah kfoa ekp odifiobd a|~apigafxs& Xlkqjl ?! ke xla ~bxiafxs eaad qfokgekpxb`da if xlaip sxkgbols bfh lbua b mbhah b~~axixa$ xla gbmkpixy obga bpkqfh bexap xbcifj xla Dirqih okfxifqkqsdy& Bhhah xk xlis$ bgkfj xla ~bxiafxs zlk xbca kfdy Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ fk lbpg xk xlaip ifxapfbd kpjbfs sqol bs xla diuap$ cihfay$ labpx$ dqfjs$ lagbxk~kiaxio sysxag$ axo& lbs àaf gbfieasxah&

Xla A|bg~das Ke Ubpikqs Eqfoxikfs

Xla b`kua hbxb bdd okga epkg xla odifiobd xpibds ke xla Bgapiobf _xbxa Obfoap Oafxap$ xla Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Olifa$ Xibfmif Gahioifa _oiafoa Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa$ axo& Ixs pasqdxs obf à uapieiah eqpxlap& Xla ifjpahiafxs ifjpahiafxs ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbua ubpikqs cifhs ke eqfoxikfs& Xla gaolbfiobd eqfoxikf slkzifj slkzifj ixs aeeioboy àokgas gkpa kùikqs zixl xla a|~a pigafxs okfhqoxah& Ekp a|bg~da$ bs ebp bs xla gaolbfiobd eqfoxikf ke opqha hpqjs kf oadd xk|iobfxs is k`sapuah$ opqha hpqjs obf ~pauafx xla okg~kqfhifj ke ~pkxaif zliol is faoassbpy ekp xla jpkzxl ke obfoap oadds& @aobqsa xlay obf okfeqsa xla xla gqdxi~diobxikf ~pkoass ke xla obfoap oadds `y hipaoxdy beeaoxifj xla okg~kqfhifj ke HFB$ xla habh oadd gag`pbfas hisskdua `y xlagsaduas& Kf xla kxlap lbfh$ xla siha aeeaoxs bpa odabpdy pahqoah bfh xla habxl pbxa is bdsk gifigi}ah& Zlaf pbhibxikf xlapb~y bfh xla Dirqih bpa qsah sigqdxbfakqsdy$ ix is oapxbif xlbx xla Dirqih obf ig~pkua xla `khy’s safsixiuixy xk xla pbhibxikf xlapb~y bfh ifxafsiey xla daxlbd olbpboxapisxios ke xla pbhikboxiua pbys& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 52


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ixs aeeioboy if sxpafjxlafifj zlixa `dkkh oadds bfh ubpikqs iggqfixias bpa boxqbddy ~pkuaf& @y ifopabsifj lagkjdkìf$ ix ig~pkuas ig~pkuas xla k|yjaf'sq~~dyifj k|yjaf'sq~~dyifj bìdixy ke xla pah `dkkh oadds bfh pafaz xla uijkp ke xla `dkkh& If kxlap zkphs$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf pahqoa xla boxiuixy ke epaa pbhiobds ,boxiua ,boxiua k|yjaf)& Zixl pas~aox xk ixs bìdixy bìdixy bs bf bfxi' k|ihbfx$ za obf saa xla pahqoxikf ke epaa pbhiobds bfh ~apk|iha di~if if xla ~bxiafxs’ `khias& Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf boxqbddy pasxpbif xla boxiubxikf ke obfoap oadds bdxlkqjl za hk fkx cfkz zliol bgkfj ixs ifjpahiafxs qfdabslas xlis daxlbd boxikf kf xla obfoap oadds& Hkoxkp @dbha Ekpx$ ~ikfaap bfh a|~apx if xla eiadh ke epaa pbhiobd pasabpol bdd kuap xla zkpdh bfh Hipaoxkp ke @PI Okfskpxiqg Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa ke Q_B$ padabsah xla ekddkzifj sxbxagafx bs okfodqsikf xk lis ~kdioy sxqhias if xla qsbja ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih= —Eipsxdy$ I sqjjasx ~apekpgifj bf k~apbxikf kp xk qsa Xibf \ibf Dirqih zlaf qfhapjkifj bfxi'obfoap xpabxgafx kp pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Xlbx is xla `bsio ~kdioy if xla xpabxgafx ke ~bxiafxs if gy lks~ixbd& Ke okqpsa$ xla sbeasx zby is xk pagkua xla obfoap oadds& Xlkqjl xla bfxi'obfoap gahioifa bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx lbua xlaip s~aoieiah qsaeqdfass$ xlay obffkx sqooaah if if pagkuifj xla epaa pbhiobds if xla `khy&

_kgaxigas$ xlay auaf

booadapbxa xla ifopabsa ke epaa pbhiobds if if xla `khy& If xlis bs~aox$ xla bfxi'k|ihbxikf boxikf ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih is gksx gksx bxxpboxiua& Gkpakuap$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag sysxag bfh pasxpbif pasxpbif xla eqpxlap eqpxlap hauadk~gafx ke obfoap oadds& Xlapa is fk gkpa ihabd gahioifa xlbf Xibf \ibf Dirqih&‗


50


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Olb~xap U Lkz Xk ^pauafx Obfoap Bfh Gaxbsxbsis

Bdxap Hbidy Lbìxs Bfh Dieasxyda Ekp hisabsas sqol bs obfoap$ xla xpabxgafx ~pkoass obf à bookg~dislah sqooasseqddy has~ixa xla xla ebox xlbx ix obf lbphdy à oqpah& Xla ~kssiìdixias ke xla hisabsa paoqppifj kp gaxbsxbsi}ifj a|isx& a|isx&

Ix is$ xlapaekpa$ ig~kpxbfx xlbx b pkqxifa labdxl

a|bgifbxikf à okfhqoxah kf b pajqdbp `bsis& _ade'k`sapubxikf is bdsk uapy ig~kpxbfx& ^bxiafxs slkqdh ~by bxxafxikf xk sqol ~bxlkdkjio sijfs sqol bs xqgkps$ fkhas$ ~bifs$ bfkpa|ib$ ebxijqa$ zaijlx dkss$ axo&

^bxiafxs slkqdh pa~kpx xk xla hkoxkp

iggahibxady zlaf bfy sqol b`fkpgbd syg~xkgs gbfieasx& _ifoa obfoap is okfsihapah bs b dieasxyda hisabsa$ ix is ha~afhafx q~kf xla ~bxiafx xk pabdi}a xla eboxkps if lis diea xlbx lbua obqsah xla hisabsa if xla eipsx eipsx ~dboa& _qol eboxkps gby à xla hbidy sxpassas if zkpc$ sxqhias$ s~ipixqbd ~passqpa bs zadd bs hisabsas sqol bs lijl `dkkh ~passqpa bfh hibàxas& ^bxiafxs slkqdh dkkc ifxk xlaip hbidy lbìxs bfh ig~pkua xlaip diuifj okfhixikf bs zadd& Is ykqp hiah `bdbfoah bfh hkas ix okfxbif afkqjl eiàp; Bpa ykq hpifcifj xkk gqol bdoklkdio dirqkp; Hk ykq sgkca; Is ykqp dieasxyda pajqdbp;



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bpa ykq hisxqpàh kp q~sax `y ~passqpas; ^by gkpa bxxafxikf xk ykqp labdxl zlaf sqol qfqsqbd oipoqgsxbfoas kooqp& Xbca ekkhs xlbx obf ~pauafx obfoap&

Zlaf ykq bpa okfsihapifj b olbfja$ hbidy hiax is xla eipsx bs~aox ykq slkqdh dkkc ifxk& Ubpikqs ekkhs ekkhs okfxbif gbxapibds xlbx obf obqsa obfoap& _qol ekkhs ifodqha ~iocdah ekkh$ eqgijbxah ekkh bfh haa~'epiah ekkh$ axo& Bdsk$ xlapa bpa ubpikqs ekkhs xlbx bpa àfaeioibd àobqsa xlay okfxbif bfxi'obfoap bfxi'obfoap fqxpiafxs& Cfkzifj zlbx xlasa ekkhs bpa bpa obf jk b dkfj zby if ekpxieyifj ykqp `khy bjbifsx bjb ifsx obfoap bxxboc&

Ekkhs Xlbx Obf ^pauafx Obfoap Gadkf bfh Epqixs

Zbxapgadkf$ Oqslbz$ Olifasa zbxapgadkf$ @bdsbg ~abp$ ^bz~bz$ B~~da$ ~abp$ Dagkf$ Dkrqbx$ Gbfhbpif Kpbfja$ Xbfjapifa$ Kpbfja$ @bfbfb$ Jpb~a$ Eij$ Lbz$ A`kfy$ Kdiua$ _xpbzàppy$ Mqmqà$ Zbdfqx$ B~piokx$ âbol$ Gqdàppy Uajaxb`das bfh _abzaac

Jbpdio$ jbpdio `qh$ _lbddkx$ Jifjap$ _zkph àbf$ Ob``bja$ @bg`kk slkkxs$ Bqàpjifa$ Pbhisl$ Obppkx$ @abf s~pkqxs$ _ab xbfjda$ _ab xbfjda s~pkqxs$ _ab gkss$ âbpd gkss$ Opass$ _~ifbol$ Oadapy$ Xkgbxk Ahi`da Gqslpkkg

Bjbpio$ Gqslpkkg$ Eqfjqs


58


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Oapabd

Gqfj àbf$ _kyàbf$ Zlabx$ @qoczlabx$ Okpf$ Okpfgabd$ Mk`’s xabps$ @pkkgokpf Bfigbd

Dkbol$ _ab oqoqgàp$ Opqoibf$ Rifjlqb eisl$ Kysxap$ Odbg$ Eiadh sfbid Kxlaps

Lkfay$ _qfedkzap saah$ @abf oqph$ @qxxapgidc$ Uifajbp$ Olpysbfxlagqg$ Xab

Zadd'Cfkzf Bfxi'Obfoap Aeeaoxs Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Xla pasabpol ke Hp& P& Z& @pixekph$ Hipaoxkp ke Q_ @PI Okp~& Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa$ lbs àaf hasopiàh if Olb~xap ekqp ekqp ke _aoxikf I& Hp& @pixekph is is b ~ikfaap bs zadd bs bqxlkpixy if xla eiadh ke epaa epaa pbhiobds ,boxiua k|yjaf) pasabpol& La àdiauah xlbx xla obqsa ke xla hisabsas kpijifbxah epkg epaa pbhiobds& Xlpkqjl bf bfbdysis ke xla bgkqfxs ke epaa epaa pbhiobds if xla giopkjpb~ly ke xla `dkkh$ ubpikqs hisabsas obf à hibjfksah& Xla xlakpy

bfh xaolfirqa bpa okg~diobxah bfh xaolfiobd xlbx ix zidd fkx sapua xla ~qp~ksa xk afqgapbxa bdd ke xlag fkz& _qeeioa ix xk xk sby xlbx kfa obf obdoqdbxa xla bgkqfx ke epaa pbhiobds xlpkqjl b s~aoibd gaxlkh$ hibjfksa xla ~bxiafx’s labdxl okfhixikfs xlaf k`sapua

xlpkqjl xla giopkjpb~l b~~pkbol$ xla boxqbd sxbja ke xla hisabsa& Paoafxdy$ ~ak~da lbua àjqf xk ~by gkpa bxxafxikf xk epaa pbhiobds àobqsa ix is fkz okfsihapah bs xla gbif obqsa ke obfoap bfh kxlap haìdixbxifj iddfassas& iddfassas& Xk a|~dbif xla a|isxafoa ke epaa epaa pbhiobds$ zlaf bip okgas ifxk kqp `khy$ xla k|yjaf is xpbfsekpgah if kqp `khy xlpkqjl xla afapjy xpbfsixikf ~pkoass&

Epaa pbhiobds bpa sk obddah

k|yjafbxikf'ekpg k|yjaf& Kphifbpidy$ zlaf uipqs ifubhas xla `khy$ xla k|yjafbxikf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 51


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gbxapibds zidd cidd xla ifubhifj uipqs bfh `boxapib& Epaa pbhiobds box dica kqp jqbph if xla `khy& Xla ~pk`dag bpisas$ lkzauap$ zlaf xlapa bpa xkk gqol boxiua k|yjaf xlbf fkpgbddy booa~xb`da&

Qfekpxqfbxady$ epaa pbhiobds obf uapy absidy ~pk~bjbxa if b

~bxlkdkjiobd zby& Zlaf okgìfah zixl qfsbxqpbxah ebxxy boih$ ix àokgas xla ~piga opigifbd ekp ubpikqs olpkfio hisabsas bfh zidd ~pkhqoa ~ apk|ih gbxapibds& Hp& @pixekph bfh xla Pasabpol Xabg àjbf xk gabsqpa xla fqgàp ke epaa epaa pbhiobds zixl paeapafoa xk hbidy hibjfksas bfh xpabxgafxs bfh hpaz b okfodqsikf xlbx xla epaa pbhiobds bpa ifhaah xla pabskf zly obfoap zkpsafs&

If xpyifj xk eifh skdqxikfs ekp

adigifbxikf ke ~apk|ih gbxapibds$ Olifasa lap`bd gahioifa lbs àaf okfsihapah bfh xla jpkq~ }apkah if kf Xibf \ibf Dirqih& Xla pasabpol oyoda zafx epkg xpyifj xk adigifbxa ~apk|ih gbxapibds bfh epaa pbhiobds xk okfoafxpbxikf kf Olifasa lap`bd gahioifa xlaf Olifasa Gahioifa bfh eifbddy$

Xibf \ibf Dirqih& @aobqsa gbmkpixy ke xla xla pasabpol gagàp zapa Olifasa$ Hp& @pixekph zbs ekpxqfbxa xk à b~~pisah ke xla ubdqa ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Gbfy ~pkoahqpas bfh ubpikqs xasxs zapa qfhapxbcaf& Xla adigifbxikf aeeaox ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih kf epaa pbhiobds bfh ~apk|ih gbxapibds zbs ~pkuaf àykfh b hkq`x& Xla bfxi'k|yjafbxikf ob~bìdixy ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih zbs bdsk xasxah if xla oafxap `y Hp& @pixekph bs zadd b `y kxlap ifxapfbxikfbd pasabpol ifsxixqxikfs& Xla mkifx pasabpol ~pkmaox zbs qfhapxbcaf zixl xla okk~apbxikf ke xla Olifasa Xqgkqp _koiaxy$ ~pkeasskps ke @ik'~lysios Pasabpol Ifsxixqxa$ Olifb _oiafoa Bobhagy$ @ik'olagiobd odifiobd ^lH ke Odieedbfh Qfiuapsixy$ Q_B$ bfh xla sxbees ke Jafapbd Labdxl Ha~bpxgafx ke Ob~ixbd Qfiuapsixy$ Q_B& Bexap xzk yabps ke pasabpol$ pasabpol$ xla ~ksixikf ~b~ap Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

55


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zbs ~q`dislah if `kxl Olifasa bfh Afjdisl Afjdisl dbfjqbjas& Xla ~b~ap kqxdifas if haxbids xla fqgàps ke a|~apigafx gbxapibds qsah bfh ~apxifafx hbxb& Xla sxpqoxqpa ke xlis ifubdqb`da pasabpol ~b~ap is kqxdifah bs ekddkzs= 2& A|~apigafx Kf Adigifbxifj Epaa Adigifbxifj Epaa Pbhiobds

Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf adigifbxa ubpikqs epaa pbhiobds aeeaoxiuady& Adigifbxa ly~ap'k|yjaf epaa pbhiobds$ kuap >&? giddikf _HH+2oo& Adigifbxa epaa pbhiobds ~pkhqoah `y daqokoyxa xlbx Uixbgif A lbs fk aeeaox kf& Adigifbxa epaa pbhiobds xlbx Uixbgif O lbs fk aeeaox kf& Xla ob~bìdixy ke adigifbxifj k|yjafbxikf ebx is gqol lijlap xlbf xlbx ke Uixbgif A& 0& Xk|iokdkjiobd A|~apigafx

Xlpkqjl b sapias ke xasxs kf sgbdd gioa$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs ~bssah sxpiox a|~apigafx sxbfhbphs kf boqxa xk|ioixy xasx$ gbppkz oadds giopk xasx$ japg oadd bàppbxikf xasx bfh Bgas xasx$ bdsk ~bssah sbeaxy xasx ekp gahioifa xk|ioixy& ?& Iggqfixy Eqfoxikf Xasx

Xlpkqjl b sapias ke xasxs kf sgbdd gioa$ xk xasx= b&Xibf b& Xibf \ibf Dirqih obf aflbfoa xla ~pkxaoxiua bìdixy ke xla zlixa `dkkh oadds3 `&Aflbfoa dyg~l xpbfsekpgbxikf if s~daaf3 bfh$



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

o&Aflbfoa o& Aflbfoa lagkdysis gaolbfisg ke `dkkh sapqg bfh bìdixy ke bfxi' lksx ke ~bpbsixa$ zliol obf à qfhapsxkkh bs kùikqsdy ig~pkuifj iggqfixy olbpboxapisxios& 8& Pasxpbif Eqfoxikf Ekp Xqgkp

Ix obf à hagkfsxpbxah uib sgbdd gioa a|~apigafxs kf obpqfoda bfh diuap obfoap xlbx xla pasxpbififj eqfoxikf is fkx if xla slbha ke olagiobd gahioifa 1'Eq& Bfh$ xla gkpa hksbja qsah$ xla àxxap xla aeeaox k`xbifah& If bhhixikf$ xlpkqjl okg~bpbxiua xasxs zixl jdkssy jbfkhapgb bfh jpaaf bdjba$ Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs kùikqsdy àxxap aeeaox xlbf xla okg~bpbxiua jpkq~& Ekqp a|~apigafxs gafxikfah b`kua ~pkuah xlbx Xibf \ibf Dirqih lbs bdpabhy ~bssah jafapbd s~aoieio xasxs&


5<

^bpx 0 Kfa Lqfhpah Obfoap _qpuiukps’ Labpx'Zbpgifj Bfh Bgb}ifj _xkpias


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Qxapqs Obfoap Bfh @pabsx Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Haeabx Xla Obfoap Gkfsxap Xzioa Ahixl _lil$ 89$ Lkqsaziea$ _bf Epbfoisok$ Epbfoisok$ Q&_&B&$



Olapisl Pafazah Labdxl Zixl Labpxeadx Jpbxixqha Giss _ligbhb$ 88$ Qfag~dkyah$ Xkcyk



Ubdqa Pagbififj Diea Gkpa Dbhy Fbcbjbzb$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Ksbcb



^qpsqa Xla @abqxieqd Diea Zlida _qeeapifj Epkg B Hisabsa @aykfh Oqpa Giss _bxk$ ?5$ Lkqsaziea$ Giyb}bci Okqfxy



B @abg ke Dijlx If Xla Hbpcfass Dbq _iq Yifj$ 51$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj



Diuifj Is Xla @asx ^pkke Dibfj @bi Oqi}lq$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbizbf$ Xbi~ai

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj @pabsx Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Jbif Okqpbja If Xla Ag`pboa ke Fbxqpa Dbhy Kcbhb$ 59$ Lkqsaziea$ Jieq Okqfxy


:?




^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Pajbif Uixbdixy Bfh Lk~a Dbhy Fbcbhb$ 19$ Lkqsaziea$ Ksbcb



Padisl Xla Mkys Ke Diea Dbhy _blk$ 81$ Xabolap$ Xlbidbfh



Paodbig Diea Zixl Jkh’s @dassifj Dbhy Bdifb$ 1?$ Lkqsaziea$ Gbfidb$ ^lidi~~ifas



Gkpa Afapjaxio Xlbf @aekpa Zbfj Gaiyqf$ 82$ Lkqsaziea$ Gbdbysib



Xla Xlpabx Ke Habxl ^ksas B Olbddafja Dbhy Klbpb$ 8?$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkxkpi Okqfxy



Diuifj âboaeqddy Zixl Obfoap Gp& Jkxkq$ 89$ Xkcqsligb Okqfxy

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dqfj Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

B Zbppikp Zlk Lbs Ekqjlx Bjbifsx Obfoap Ekp 2> Yabps Gp& Eqcqhb$ 5<$ Paxipah$ Ybgbcqoli Okqfxy



Ebgidy Gagàps’ Dkua Haeabx Xla Obfoap Gkfsxap Gp& Cisklbpb$ 59$ Okg~bfy Ag~dkyaa$ Gia Okqfxy



—Okfeihafoa‗ Is Xla Kfdy Pkbh Xk Oqpa Gp& Axb$ :0$ Paxipah$ Ybgbjqoli Okqfxy

:8





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_fbxol Xla Dbsx _xpbz Gp& Cixblbpb$ 81$ Pas~kfsi`da âpskffad ke b Okg~bfy$ Ksbcb



Ekpjax Xla Hisabsa Bfh Diua B Uijkpkqs Diea Gps& Ybfj$ :2$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Xla Ekpxqfas Bfh Gisekpxqfas Ke Diea Bpa Qf~pahioxb`da Dbhy Fbcbgqpb$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk



sx

Jpaax Xla 02 Oafxqpy Zixl Gy Ziea Dbhy Ybgbfa$ 11$ Lkqsaziea$ Eqcqsligb Okqfxy



Ix Is Fkx Ig~kssi`da Xk Pasxkpa Diea Xk Fkpgbd Gp& Fbcbsligb$ :8$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk



Ebgidy’s _q~~kpx Is Xla @asx Oqpa ]lq Olafj$ 55$ Paxipah$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Olbfja Xla Pqxldass ^pahioxikf Ke Habxl Gp& Ybcasliga$ 58$ Paxipah$ Fbcbsligb



B Gkxlap Zlk Gaaxs Xla Afh Zixl Jpabx Okqpbja Hbqjlxap’s bookqfx$ Dq Xbixbi$ :5$ Paxipah$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Ix Is Fkx Dkfj @aekpa Paxqpfifj Xk _koiaxy Dig Gq \if$ :0$ Okg~bfy Kzfap$ Eqcqkcb Okqfxy



—Lk~a‗ Is Bdzbys Bx Xla Fa|x Xqpf Gp& Ybgbhb$ 82$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Oli`b Okqfxy



Fauap Jiua Q~ Dbhy Islicbzb$ 5:$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

:1




^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ipkf'Dica Zidd ^kzap Olaf Dibfjyi$ 5>$ Uaxapbf$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Ekp Gy Ebgidy’s _bca$ I _lkqdh Fkx @a Haeabxah Dbq Zbi$ 11$ Jqbph bx b ^pigbpy _olkkd$ Lkfj Ckfj



Kfdy Zlaf I Eadd Idd Hih I Pabdi}a Xlbx Labdxl Is Labuaf Zbfj ]lkqlkfj$ 5?$ _lk~ Kzfap$ Gbdbysib



Padisl xla Lb~~ifass If Qxxapifj Zkphs Bjbif Cbf Gqcczqf$ 18$ Eipa'eijlxap$ Lkfj Ckfj

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Diuap Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Odig` Epkg Xla Ubdday Ke Has~bip Gp& Cihk$ 55$ Okg~bfy âpskffad$ Ksbcb



Lkz Mkyeqd Ix Is Xk Diua B âboaeqd Diea Gp& Cigqpb$ 19$ Paxipah$ Ybgbcqoli Okqfxy



Eboa Hisabsa Zixl Xla Zidd'^kzap Faahah If Odigìfj Gkqfxbifs Gp& Lkpicqoli$ :>$ Ag~dkyaa$ Jqfgb Okqfxy



Fauap Booa~x Ebidqpa Dbhy _bzbhb$ ::$ Lkqsaziea$ @ykjk Okqfxy



Xpag`difj Zixl Xla Zisl Ekp Paokuapy Gp& _ligbhb$ 51$ Okg~bfy Ag~dkyaa$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

:5





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Fauap Dax Ebxlap Hia Ke Obfoap Gp& Kisli$ 58$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



I Obffkx Paobdd Xla Xiga Zlaf I Zbs Dyifj If @ah Zixl Hisabsa Dbhy Lipbsligb$ 1?$ Ag~dkyaa$ Lipksligb Okqfxy



I @adiaua$ _k I Paokuap ^qxdb~qf$ 1?$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Xlbidbfh



Gy Ziea’s Jpabx Dkua Jaxs @boc Gy Labdxl ^qxxbzbdb$ 10$ Xlbidbfh



Hkf’x Jiua Q~" Gp& Fbcbpk$ 89$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Giybji Okqfxy



Ix Is Dica B Fijlxgbpa Zlaf I Dkkc @boc Gp& Ksligb$ 50$ Paxipah$ Oli`b Okqfxy



Ix Is @axxap Xk Diua Auaf Mqsx Kfa Gkpa Hby Gp& Icahb$ 12$ Okg~bfy Ag~dkyaa$ _bihbgb Okqfxy



Oqp` Xla Lkpsa Bx Xla Odiee Xk Pajbif Ykqp Labdxl Gp& Khb$ 59$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk



Eifbddy$ I Obf Afmky B âboaeqd Diea If Gy Kdh Bja Dbhy Fbgici$ :<$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Xla Auap Zkpsafifj Fijlxgbpa Eifbddy _xk~s Gp& Xkckcbzb$ 5:$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



_di~ Xlpkqjl Xla Opauioa Ke Xla Eifjaps Ke Xla Jkh ke Habxl Dbhy Aeqmi$ 12$ Lkqsaziea$ @ykjk Okqfxy Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

::




^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ifs~ipa Haxapgifbxikf Xk Eijlx Obfoap Gp& Olafj Oli Caqfj$ 5:$ Paxipah$ Lkfj Ckfj



Eaad Xla @abqxy Ke Diea Mqf Zbf$ 1<$ Zpixap$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Labdxl Paxqpfs Xk Ga Olaf Zqgai$ :>$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



I Bg Fkx Bdkfa If Gy Eijlx Bjbifsx Obfoap Gp& Hkfj$ 15$ Xabolap$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf



Pahisokuap Xla Dkua @axzaaf Jpbfh~bpafxs Bfh Jpbfhskfs Gp& Fioc Gbpc$ 50$ @qsifass Okfsqdxbfx$ Okfsqdxbfx$ Faz Ykpc$ Q&_&B&

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj _xkgbol Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Gbca Jkkh Qsa Ke Gahioifa Bfh Pajbif Diea Gp& K`qfa$ 11$ Okg~bfy Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk



_xbpx Epkg Xla Uioxkpy Bx Xla Zai Ri Okg~axixikf Gp& Eqpkxbcb$ :8$ Paxipah$ Xkoliji Okqfxy



Xla Kfa Zlk _qpuiuah Obfoap _xbfhs @aekpa Ykq Gp& Ck`bybsli$ :2$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Asob~a Epkg Xla Xafxbodas Ke Bfxi'Obfoap Hpqjs Dbhy Xbcbhb$ 1<$ Lkqsaziea$ _lijb Okqfxy

:<





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

@adiauifj Is Xla @asx Xpabxgafx Gp& Fksbci$ 51$ Okg~bfy Hipaoxkp$ Xkcyk



Eaad Xla Assafoa Ke Diea Bjbif Gp& Zbxbsa$ 15$ Ag~dkyaa$ _bjb Okqfxy



Gy _ifoapa _qjjasxikfs Dbhy Cisligb$ :9$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk



I @adiaua If Gipbodas Olaf Zafolbk$ 5>$ Yaxapbd$ Jbk|ikfj$ Xbizbf



Obfoap Hisb~~abpah Yaqfj Olifj Zbf$ 1<$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj



_adaoxah Xpabxgafxs Ekp Kdh ^bxiafxs Dbhy Cqpksbzb$ <:$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkcbihk



Olkioa Xk Booa~x _idafxdy Kp Olbfja Gy Dieasxyda Dbhy Fkhb$ 58$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ifxasxifbd Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

B Labdxliap Diea Bexap Obfoap Dbhy Kcq`k$ 5:$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Haeabx Obfoap Zixl B`skdqxa Okfeihafoa Gp& Khboli$ 8<$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Giybjbci Okqfxy


:9




^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

B Gipboqdkqs A|xafsikf Epkg 5 Gkfxls Xk 0 Yabps Gps& Lqbfj$ 1:$ Lkqsaziea$ Jbk|ikfj$ Jbk|ikfj$ Xbizbf



Padibfoa Kf @khy Bfh Labpx Bexap K~apbxikf Olaf Yqayaf$ ?:$ Qfag~dkyah$ Gbdbysib



_lbpifj Lb~~ifass Bfh A|~apiafoa Gp& Cbzbhb$52$ Paxipah$ Lipksligb



Ebgidy Gagàps Jbua Ga Xla Okqpbja Xk _xpqjjda Ekp _qpuiubd Gp& Epah Zbddxio$ 10$ Hpiuap$ Q&_&B&



Olbfjifj Opisis Ifxk Bfkxlap Olbfoa Ekp Diea Dif _qeafj$ 18$ Gihhda _olkkd Xabolap$ Xbizbf

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj ^pksxbxa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Gipboqdkqs Paxqpf xk Diea ‟ B _qp~pisifj Hadijlx Gp& _bcqi$ ::$ Okg~bfy Hipaoxkp$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Pajbif Xla Lb~~ifass Ke Diea Gp& Cbfbhb$ <2$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Dyg~l Xqgkp ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

A|~apiafoas If Eijlxifj Obfoap Ekqp Xigas Dbhy Gbxsqhb$ 1:$ Lkqsaziea

<>





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_yg~xkgs Hisb~~abpah Rqiocdy Ckfj Oli Caqfj$ ::$ Paxipah$ Lkfj Ckfj



Eboifj Habxl Okqpbjakqsdy ]afj Yqaa$ ?0$ Afjbjah if ^pkoassifj Zkpc$ Xbizbf



Obfoap Oadds Gysxapikqsdy Hisb~~abp Mibf Jqkhafj$ 80$ Gbfqeboxqpifj % _bdas ke Bqxkgkxiua ^bpxs$ Xbi~ai



Ekp Gy Ziea’s _bca$ I _lbdd Fauap Jiua Q~ Lqbfj Rifjìbk$ ?:$ Ekkh ^pkoasskp$ Xbizbf



Jkkh ^pkhqoxs @pifj Faz Lk~a Gb Gaiyq$ 85$ Lkqsaziea$ Xlbidbfh

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If Haeabxifj _cif Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Ebgidy’s _q~~kpx _qp~bssas Bdd Dbhy Fbjbhb$ 89$ Lkqsaziea$ Jieq Okqfxy



Haxapgifa Xk Ok'a|isx Zixl Obfoap Gp& Bgafbcb$ :2$ Paxipah$ Oli`b Okqfxy

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If Haeabxifj @kfa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Kuapokga Xla Xpagafhkqs ^bif Obqsah @y Obfoap Dbhy Fbjbhb$ 59$ Lkqsaziea$ _limqkcb Okqfxy Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

<2




^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I Bg Fkx Xla Kfdy Kfa Zlk _qeeaps Epkg Obfoap Dbhy Ybgbgqpb$ 51$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Gipboqdkqs Paxqpf xk Diea Bexap @aifj Jiuaf Kfdy ? Gkfxls Xk Diua Gp& Cdbpckf$ 1:$ Okddaja ^pkeasskp$ _kqxl Bepiob



Gy A|~apiafoa Zixl @kfa Obfoap Zbf Psìbxqd$ 2?$ _xqhafx$ Gbdboob

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dbpyfjk~lbpyfs Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Xpy Ubpikqs Zbys Bfh @adiaua Gp& Fbcblbpb$ 58$ Paxipah$ Ijapbci Okqfxy



Paskdua Fauap Xk Jiua Q~ Gp& Xbfbcb$ 58$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ _bjb Okqfxy

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xlypkih Jdbfh Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Hasipa Fauap Xk Jiua Q~ Gp& Icaybgb$ 82$ Ag~dkyaa$ Ybgbfbsli Okqfxy



Ie I Lbh Kfdy Cfkzf Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih Abpdiap ]lq ]li Oli$ 50$ Kphapdy$ Xbizbf

<0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Fksa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

I Bg _qp~pisah Bx Xla Aeeaoxs ke Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa ^qxdbolbxxb$ 50$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Xlbidbfh



Eifhifj Lk~a Bfh Fkx Has~bip ]lkq Yq}laf$ 1<$ Obp~afxap$ Xbizbf



Pauiuifj xla _~ipix bfh xla @khy Daa Yqc Yif$ 10$ @qsifassgbf$ Lkfj Ckfj

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ask~lbjqs Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Pafazah Lb~~ifass Ekp _kfs Bfh Jpbfhskfs Hifj _qc Yifj$ :>$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj



Lkz Xk Obpa Ekp Xla @khy Bexap K~apbxikf Gp& Axkq$ 8>$ Ag~dkyaa$ Fbcbsligb Okqfxy

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xkfjqa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Ubdqa Diea Bfh Ubdqa Xibf \ibf Dirqih Obi Mqflqi$ 80$ @qs Hpiuap$ Xbizbf



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Xlygqs Xqgkp ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Fk _iha Aeeaoxs Auaf Zixl Olagiobd Xpabxgafx _ifj Cbg Yqaf$ ?5$ Ag~dkyaa$ Lkfj Ckfj

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Kxlap Hisabsas ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 

Ebgidy Gagàps _qp~pisah @y Gy Paokuapy Dbhy _ligixsq$ 5?$ _bixbgb Okqfxy



Ig~pkuah ^lysirqa Giss Xk`bsli$ 05$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk



Okfrqap A|opqoibxifj ^bif Gp& Cicqolyk$ :>$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy



Ipkf Haeioiafx ^bxiafx Afmky Ekkh Bjbif Gp& Fklbpb$ ?9$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk



Fbxqpbd Fqxpixikqs Dirqih Okfrqaps Disxdassfass Giss _bcbpb$ 09$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk

<8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Qxapqs Obfoap bfh @pabsx Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

 Haeabx Xla Obfoap Gkfsxap Xzioa

Ahixl _lil$ 89$ Lkqsaziea$ _bf Epbfoisok$ Q&_&B&

Hk Fkx Rqasxikf —Zly Hk I _qeeap Epkg Obfoap;‗ Aijlx yabps bjk$ gy ebgidy iggijpbxah xk xla Q&_&B& bfh jafapbddy bhb~xah zadd xk diea xlapa& Gy gkxlap'if'dbz hiah ke obfoap$ sk I xkkc obpa ke xla okkcifj bfh ca~x `bdbfoah boxiuixias&

If gy pajqdbp bfh fkpgbd diea$ I ekqfh I zbs rqixa ebxijqah if

Koxkàp 299: bfh gy ~lysikdkjiobd oyoda zbs if hiskphap& I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf bfh zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg qxapqs obfoap&

—Zly Hih Obfoap Obxol Ga;‗ Ix zbs dica dijlxfifj xlbx sxpqoc epkg fkzlapa& Zlaf I zbs xkdh I kfdy lbua 1 yabps xk diua$ I gbha gbha q~ gy gifh xk xpy ubpikqs cifhs ke xpabxgafx& Epkg xla hkoxkp’s okdh bfh gaolbfiobd xkfa$ I eadx xlbx I zbs fk dkfjap b fkpgbd ~apskf `qx b —obfoap Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

<1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

~bxiafx‗& I eadx haa~dy xlbx —xla sk'obddah obfoap ~bxiafxs bpa xbpjaxah ekp gaolbfiobd xpabxgafx if xla gahiobd sysxag&‗ I hih fkx xkxbddy booa~x zlbx hkoxkps sbih& I gbha q~ gy gifh xk lbua b xlkpkqjl qfhapsxbfhifj ke gy hisabsa àekpa haoihifj kf xpabxgafx$ sifoa ix zbs I zlk zkqdh qfhapjk xla ekpxlokgifj xpabxgafx bfh haeabx xla hisabsa& Xabps okqdh fkx skdua xla ~pk`dag& Bexap I obdgah hkzf$ I àjbf xk okddaox ifekpgbxikf& I haoihah kf xla pifj'dica xb~ap'slb~ah k~apbxikf kf xla oapui| ke xla qxapqs& _ifoa xla obfoap zbs haxaoxah bx xla abpdy sxbja$ ix zbs fkx faoassbpy xk oqx xla zlkda qxapqs& Xla qxapqs is xla gksx ig~kpxbfx kpjbf ke zkgaf$ sk I xlkqjlx gy qxapqs slkqdh à sbuah if bfy zby& Xla hkoxkp ifsisxah$ lkzauap$ kf oqxxifj bzby xla zlkda qxapqs bfh kubpy xk ~pauafx xpbfsgixxifj obfoap xk xla kxlap ~bpxs ke gy `khy& Bexap disxafifj xk xla hkoxkp’s sqjjasxikf$ I àobga auaf gkpa okfuifoah xlbx sifoa I kfdy lbh 1 yabps gkpa xk diua$ I gijlx bs zadd caa~ gy qxapqs& Epkg xlaf kf$ gy gy eijlx bjbifsx obfoap àjbf" _lkpxdy bexapzbphs$ lkzauap$ b sapikqs auafx lb~~afah& Xla ~bpx$ zliol zbs xk à k~apbxah kf `dah xappi`dy bfh okqdh fkx à sxk~~ah& I hpkua xk xla lks~ixbd bx kfoa& Zlaf I paobdd xlbx auafx$ ix saags bs ie Jkh zbs jqihifj ga xlpkqjl xla xpbeeio bs bdd xla dijlxs xqpfah jpaaf kf gy zby xk xla lks~ixbd& Fkpgbddy$ ix xbcas 01 gifqxas xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd$ `qx kf xlbx hby$ ix xkkc kfdy 21 gifqxas bfh hqpifj pqsl lkqp bx xlbx" Xla hkoxkp bx xla lks~ixbd zbs sqp~pisah& Xla hajpaa ke `daahifj zbs sk ~pkeqsa xlbx ie I lbh bppiuah 1 gifqxas dbxap$ I zkqdh lbua hiah& I eadx gysade xk à sk dqocy xk sqpuiua xlis ifoihafx xlbx I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf Dirqih if xla gihhda ke Mbfqbpy 299<& Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ if xla gihhda ke Ea`pqbpy$ I paxqpfah xk gy lkgaxkzf if Xbi~ai xk oada`pbxa xla _~pifj Easxiubd& Xla hkoxkps xlapa sbih xlbx ix zbs fkx faoassbpy xk oqx <5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bzby xla zlkda qxapqs bfh kubpy `qx pbxlap xk mqsx qfhapjk okfsxbfx a|bgifbxikf& Bexap paxqpfifj xk xla Qfixah _xbxas$ I zbs xkdh `y xla hkoxkp if olbpja bfh xla okfsqdxifj hkoxkp xlbx bf k~apbxikf zbs fk dkfjap faahah& I eadx padiauah bfh xlapa zapa gbfy k~~kpxqfixias zlaf I xkkc xla xpkq`da ke a|~passifj gy k~ifikfs bfh slbpifj gy a|~apiafoas zixl kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs xlpkqjl xla gahib bfh sagifbps&

Fajdijafoa Dah Xk Bfkxlap Bxxboc Ke Obfoap Bexap b ~apikh ke xiga$ obfoap bxxbocah bjbif&

If Mqfa$ I eadx gysade eqddy

paokuapah sk I xkkc b xpi~ xk _kqxlabsx Bsib zixl gagàps ke gy gy ebgidy& Gbyà ix zbs xla sabekkh I bxa$ dica xla slpig~s$ opb`s bfh xla lkx ekkh$ I sqhhafdy sqeeapah ~bif if xla mkifxs ke gy eaax& I bdsk eadx rqixa xipah ekp fk b~~bpafx pabskf zlaf za daex ekp Mb~bf if Bqjqsx& Q~kf paxqpfifj xk xla Q&_&B&$ I iggahibxady zafx xk saa b hkoxkp zlk ekqfh b lbph dqg~ if gy `pabsx& _ifoa xlis lb~~afah xk ga skga skga xlpaa yabps àekpa bfh xla lbph dqg~ jpbhqbddy hisb~~abpah bexap I xkkc xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ I xlkqjlx xlbx ix zbs xla sbga ~pk`dag& Xk à gkpa obqxikqs$ I haoihah xk lbua eqpxlap olaoc'q~& Bs I lbh a|~aoxah$ xla hkoxkp hibjfksah `pabsx obfoap xlis xiga bfh I pajpaxxah fkx xbcifj Xibf \ibf Dirqih okfxifqkqsdy&

I bdsk pqah fkx xbcifj fkxioa ke xla ekkh I bxa àobqsa I

xlkqjlx xlbx gy labdxl lbh àaf pasxkpah& Xlis dbxasx bxxboc xbqjlx ga b uapy lbph dasskf& _q`sarqafxdy$ xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah xzk pagahias= oqxxifj bzby ~bpx ke xla `pabsx ,xk ifodqha dyg~l uassads ) bfh qfhapjkifj pbhibxikf xpabxgafx kp oqxxifj bzby xla zlkda `pabsx& B hkoxkp ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa sbih xlbx oqxxifj bzby xla zlkda `pabsx zkqdh obqsa jpabx hbgbja xk xla Mifjdqk bfh zkqdh lbua fajbxiua ifedqafoa kf xla `khy& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

<:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bexap okfsihapifj bdd xla ~kssiìdixias$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd bfh lbh sqpjapy xk oqx bzby ~bpx ke gy pijlx `pabsx& B xqgkp gabsqpifj 0&1 og zbs xbcaf kqx bs zadd bs dyg~l fkhas qfhap xla pijlx bpg~ix& Bdxlkqjl I zbs hidijafxdy xbcifj Xibf \ibf Dirqih bx xlbx xiga$ I zbs qfb`da xk lbua b pasxeqd sdaa~& I eadx gy uixbd afapjy edkz bzby sk xlbx I paskpxah xk b~~dyifj Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap bfh sda~x xidd xla ekddkzifj gkpfifj& Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ I àjbf pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Hqpifj xlis xiga$ I eadx ifopabsifjdy zabcafah `y xla xpabxgafxs&

Xk ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis$ I lbh gy slkqdhap q~ xk gy

b`hkgaf ippbhibxah zixl pbhikboxiua pbys& I eadx ~bif if gy diuap bfh auafxqbddy if gy dqfjs& _ifoa gy bip xqà zbs uapy zabc$ I àobga `pabxldass bfh okqjlah xappi`dy& Eifbddy$ auaf gy cihfays zapa if ~bif&

Jpbs~ Xla Opixiobd Gkgafx Bfh Fauap Jiua Q~ Absidy Dkkcifj `boc kf xla xpabxgafx ~pkoass$ I okqfxah q~ xk ?? xigas ke pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Xlapa zbs xpagafhkqs ~bif zliol zbs bf aeeaox ke xla xpabxgafx& I haoihah xk bhh Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap xk gy pajigaf bfh auaf zafx xk fabp`y odifios ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xk paoaiua gbsskxlapb~y kf Mifjdqk& I qdxigbxady eadx xla siha aeeaoxs sq`siha bfh gy b~~axixa pauiuah& Diea àjbf xk à eqdd ke uixbdixy bjbif& I ukzah xk à sxpkfj ekp gy ebgidy& Ifs~ipah `y b sxpkfj zidd ~kzap$ I okg~daxah xla eqdd okqpsa ke pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh paxqpfah xk fkpgbd diea& Eipsx ke bdd$ za slkqdh à obqxikqs if olkksifj xla cifh ke xpabxgafx za zidd qfhapjk& Olkksa xla kfa xlbx zidd hk xla dabsx lbpg xk kqp `khy& Za slkqdh xpy xk pajbph sqpjapy bs ~bpx ke xla xpabxgafx bfh okgìfa kxlap xlapb~ias xk pahqoa bfy lbpg hkfa xk kqp `khy& Kfoa xla pa~pkhqoxiua kpjbf is oqx bzby$ lkpgkfas zidd à if ig`bdbfoa& Bs b <<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pasqdx$ kxlap ~bpxs ke xla `khy sqol bs xla `dbhhap$ dbpja ifxasxifa$ bfh qpaxap zidd lbua ~pk`dags kfa `y kfa& Xlbx is zly I ifsisxah kf caa~ifj gy qxapqs bfh kubpy& _ifoa I cfaz xlbx gbfy zkgaf okqdh fkx lbua xlaip `khias pasxkpah xk fkpgbd bfh auaf dksa okfeihafoa if xlagsaduas kfoa xlay dksa xlaip pa~pkhqoxiua kpjbf& I b~~abd xk auapykfa xk bukih xpabxgafxs xlbx zidd ~qx b labuy `qphaf kf xla `khy& _aokfh$ pagagàp xlbx paoqppafoa is uapy dicady zlaf ykqp iggqfa sysxag is hkzf& Bs ekp ga$ obfoap bxxbocah ga bjbif àobqsa ke ebxijqa bfh hiskphap if gy diea hqpifj b xpi~ sk I xpy fauap xk hispq~x xla ~aboaeqd plyxlg ke gy hbys& Xliph$ ~by bxxafxikf xk ykqp hiax& Bukih oapxbif ekkhs& Hk fkx abx zlbx ykq cfkz obf à lbpgeqd& Okfxpkd xla ifxbca ke gabx bfh ebxs& Ix is àsx xk abx eiua oapabd$ àbfs$ uajaxb`da$ bfh caa~ b `bdbfoah hiax& Ekqpxl$ okfxpkd bfh hisoi~da ykqp agkxikfs& Bexap I ekqfh kqx I lbh obfoap$ I ifxpks~aoxah kf gy diea& _ifoa I bdzbys xpiah xk à xla àsx if bdd I hk$ I zbs okfsxbfxdy qfhap xpagafhkqs ~passqpa xk a|oad& Zlaf xla hisabsa obqjlx ga$ I pabdi}ah xlbx ix is fkx bdzbys ~kssi`da xk bxxbif ~apeaoxikf& I dabpfah gkpa b`kqx gy ~apskfbdixy if xlbx s~bf ke xiga zlaf I zbs sioc bfh gbha b xlkpkqjl olbfja& Fk kfa obf à ~apeaox& Bexap gbcifj sifoapa aeekpxs$ I eifh xlbx I lbua àokga gkpa bjpaab`da bfh jafxdap xlbf àekpa& Xla dbsx bfh xla gksx ig~kpxbfx is xk haeabx obfoap zixl xla dkua bfh sq~~kpx ke ykqp ebgidy gagàps& I pagagàp xlbx kf xla hby àekpa gy saokfh k~apbxikf$ I obga `boc epkg xla lks~ixbd xk eifh gy gy lqs`bfh zaa~ifj if xla hbpc& I bscah lig$ —Zlbx’s xla gbxxap zixl ykq;‗ —Gkxlap hiah ke obfoap& @qx sla zbs kdh sk I obf paokfoidah gysade zixl xlbx bfh dabpf xk eboa diea bjbif& @qx ykq bpa sk ykqfj" Lkz obf I à a|~aoxah xk Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

<9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

diua xlpkqjl diea zixlkqx ykq;‗ —I dkua ykq bfh I obf’x diua zixl ykq& Ykq obf’x à haeabxah xlis zby&

Ykq slkqdh diua kf ekp ga&‗

_lahhifj xabps$ la a|~passah lis

ifokfskdb`da sbhfass& Gy lqs`bfh xpbuadah xk kxlap ~dboas if difa zixl lis zkpc bfh la okqdh fkx xbca obpa ke ga bdd xla xiga& Lis xabps sxpafjxlafah gy paskdua xk pajbif gy labdxl ie kfdy ekp lis sbca bfh ekp xla sbca ke kqp olidhpaf& Fkz$ I bg uapy labdxly bfh I diua b lb~~y diea& I dkkc `boc xk xlbx ~apikh ke gy gy diea bfh I obf’x lad~ `qx sijl zixl haa~ agkxikfs3 `qx$ I lbua bdsk k`xbifah gy gksx ~paoikqs a|~apiafoas if xlis zby& Fk gbxxap zlbx xla hibjfksis is$ auaf ie hkoxkps obffkx lad~$ kfa slkqdh fauap has~bip& Fauap jiua q~ ekp lk~a zidd okga& I eijlx bs kfa zixl xlksa zlk bpa haxapgifah fauap xk jiua q~"

 Olapisl Pafazah Labdxl Zixl Labpxeadx Jpbxixqha

Giss _ligbhb$ 88$ Qfag~dkyah$ Xkcyk

Ebgidibd Obfoap I zbs ekqfh zixl qxapqs obfoap bexap I kfoa ebifxah hqa xk bfagib bfh zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf& Xlbx zbs if Gby 2991& Xla hkoxkp haodbpah xlbx xla obfoap zbs if xla xliph sxbja bfh s~pabhifj ebsx& Bf k~apbxikf zbs ~pkg~xdy faahah `qx I paeqsah& @kxl gy ~bpafxs hiah ke obfoap& Gy gkxlap zlk qsah xk à ~dqg~ zbs pahqoah xk scif bfh `kfas bexap lap k~apbxikf bfh skkf ~bssah bzby& 9>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I xlifc I iflapixah xla obfoap eboxkp epkg gy ~bpafxs& @asihas$ gy iggqfa sysxag zbs kuapdkbhah àobqsa ke gy ~kkp abxifj lbìx$ gafxbd bfh ~lysiobd ~passqpas bfh afuipkfgafxbd eboxkps& Xlqs$ obfoap bxxbocah ga& Bexapzbphs$ Bexapzbphs $ I àjbf xk okddaox padaubfx ifekpgbxikf if sabpol ke b sqixb`da xpabxgafx ekp ga& I ekqfh ix faoassbpy xk bhmqsx gy dieasxyda bsiha epkg olbfja gy hiax& I zbs xlaf gbfbjifj b sgbdd okg~bfy bfh zbs uapy `qsy& Gy sdaa~ bfh hiax zapa fkx pajqdbxah& I haoihah xk pasijf epkg gy mk` xk absa xla agkxikfbd$ bfh gafxbd sxpass kf gy gifh bfh `khy& Bs ekp gy hiax zliol fkpgbddy okfsisxah ke gabx bfh Mb~bfasa àae hisl$ I olbfjah xk `pkzf pioa$ uajaxb`da ,pkkx bfh dabe)$ bfh sabzaah bs gbif ekkh& Xla gksx ig~kpxbfx xlifj zbs xk ig~pkua gy iggqfa sysxag& @asihas Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap$ I xpiah bdd xla kxlap xpabxgafxs xlbx I xlkqjlx gijlx à b`da xk lad~ sqol bs boq~qfoxqpa bfh gk|i`qsxikf$ eifjap ~pass$ Ckpabf lap`s bfh fbxqpbd labdxl xab epkg @pb}id& Auaf zlaf I xkkc Xibf \ibf Dirqih$ lkzauap$ bfh ifjasxah bs gqol fqxpiafxs bs ~kssi`da$ gy hijasxiua sysxag hih fkx zkpc zadd& Fkx kfdy zbs I qfb`da xk bssigidbxa xla fqxpiafxs$ I okqdh fkx a|opaxa xla lbpgeqd sq`sxbfoas ifsiha ke ga& If kphap xk aflbfoa gy hijasxiua eqfoxikfs$ I àjbf xk xpy b ~dqg assafoa hiax& Kf xla kxlap lbfh$ xk lad~ gy `khy’s bssigidbxikf ke fqxpiafxs$ I skbcah gy eaax if lkx zbxap xlbx xla `dkkh oipoqdbxikf gby à sxigqdbxah& Zixl sqol aeekpxs$ gy ~lysiobd bfh gafxbd sxbxa hih fkx jiua xla obfoap oadds b olbfoa xk s~pabh bfh xla gahioifa I xkkc àjbf xk xbca aeeaox& I lbh àaf hibjfksah zixl obfoap ke III` sxbja `qx zlaf pa'a|bgifah$ xla obfoap oadds saagah xk lbua hisb~~abpah& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

92


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bdxlkqjl I lbh fkx paokuapah eqddy$ I àjbf xk cfkz lkz xk caa~ gysade lb~~y& @aobqsa ke xla eaadifjs ke mky bfh jpbxixqha$ I fkz eadx gkpa padb|ah b`kqx gy `bxxda zixl obfoap& I auaf xpbuadah b`pkbh bfh ekpjkx xlbx I lbh bf —ifoqpb`da hisabsa‗& Xla ippajqdbp diea bfh ~passqpas ke xla ~bsx 2> yabps zapa obqsas xlbx xpijjapah kee xla obfoap oadds& I xlifc I slkqdh eijlx bfkxlap 2> yabps xk adigifbxa bdd xla obfoap oadds xkxbddy& Xk boliaua xlis jkbd$ I gqsx à okfeihafx ke gy zadd àifj bfh gbifxbif gy ~pasafx sxbxa ke gifh& I bg sqpa xlbx I obf ~pauafx bfkxlap bxxboc kfdy ie I bhlapa xk gy faz diuifj lbìxs$ gbifxbif b ebukpb`da afuipkfgafx sk bs fkx xk dax xla obfoap oadds s~pabh&

 Ubdqa Pagbififj Diea Gkpa

Dbhy Fbcbjbzb$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Ksbcb

Hibjfksah Bs Oysxixis @y Gisxbca If Mqdy 299<$ I sqhhafdy eadx sk gqol hisokgekpx& I eadx ~iapoifj ~bif bpkqfh gy li~s sk I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd bfh zbs hibjfksah ekp oysxixis& Bexap sauapbd gkfxls ke xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd$ xla ~bif lbh fkx sq`sihah `qx lbh ifxafsieiah& Eifbddy$ gy b`hkgaf àjbf xk szadd bfh ix àobga hieeioqdx xk zbdc& Bf AOLK a|bgifbxikf pauabdah xlbx I lbh sapikqs bsoixas& I zbs pqslah xk b ìjjap lks~ixbd arqi~~ah zixl gkhapf eboidixias& Xla hibjfksis zbs kubpibf obfoap bfh 90



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gy diea a|~aoxbfoy zbs 5 gkfxls& _ifoa xla xqgkp lbh jpkzf xk 20 og$ bf k~apbxikf zbs pqdah ig~kssi`da sk I lbh xk pady kf olagkxlapb~y bdkfa& Dqocidy ekp ga$ gy hbqjlxap ekqfh xla `kkc afxixdah —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗& _la àdiauah bdd xla ifekpgbxikf if xla `kkc bfh `kqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp ga iggahibxady& I àjbf `y xbcifj < sgbdd `kxxdas ,<>oo) ke xla Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby bfh okfxifqah xlis pkqxifa ekp sauapbd gkfxls& Ix zbs sk qfàdiaub`da xlbx zlaf I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp b ekddkz'q~ a|bgifbxikf$ xla xqgkp zbs uapieiah xk lbua slpqfc xk lbde ixs kpijifbd si}a& Xla hkoxkp zbs bgb}ah bfh sqjjasxah xlbx xla k~apbxikf à ~apekpgah& _auapbd gkfxls dbxap$ I zbs sq`maoxah xk sqpjapy xk oqx bzby gy kubpy$ qxapqs bfh obaoqg ekp xla obfoap zbs sqs~aoxah xk lbua s~pabh xk xlasa ~bpxs ke gy `khy& Xla hkoxkp dbxap bffkqfoah xlbx xla xqgkp hisb~~abpah okg~daxady& I pagagàp jkifj xk xla xkidax `y gysade xla hby bexap gy k~apbxikf& Auaf xla fqpsas zapa sqp~pisah& I$ gysade$ zbs sqp~pisah `qx hadijlxah `y gy rqioc paokuapy bfh I àdiaua I okqdh zixlkqx hkq`x bxxpi`qxa xlis xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd skkf bexap& Fkz$ I jk xk xla lks~ixbd auapy Xqashby xk lbua gy ekddkz'q~ a|bgifbxikf&

Xk ~pauafx bfkxlap bxxboc ke obfoap$ I

okfxifqa xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& I bg fkz 50 yabps kdh bfh I slbdd ubdqa gy pagbififj diea gkpa&


9?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 ^qpsqa Xla @abqxieqd Diea Zlida _qeeapifj Epkg B Hisabsa @aykfh Oqpa

Giss _bxk$ ?5$ Lkqsaziea$ Giyb}bci Okqfxy

Dqocy Xk Asob~a Epkg Habxl Xzk yabps bjk$ I zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg obfoapkqs ~daqpisy xpbfsgixxah epkg kubpibf obfoap& Xla xlapb~y ~dbf ifodqhah bf k~apbxikf xk oqx bzby xla beeaoxah kubpy bfh olagkxlapb~y xlapabexap& Bdd xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ lkzauap$ lbh fk aeeaox& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy labdxl zbs qxxapdy haxapikpbxah bfh I bdgksx lbh fk b~~axixa& Xla \'pbys slkzah skgaxlifj if xzk sihas ke gy olasx$ xqgkp bfh skgaxlifj adsa if gy pijlx kubpy& Xla hkoxkp haodbpah xla sixqbxikf xk à jpbua& Zlaf xla hisabsa okfxifqah xk bjjpbubxa$ b epiafh xkdh ga xlbx skgakfa paokuapah epkg kubpibf obfoap ke xla saokfh sxbja `y xbcifj xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ zliol zbs Xibf \ibf dirqih& Afokqpbjah$ I iggahibxady `kqjlx xla ~pkhqoxs bfh sxbpxah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp lbde b yabp$ gy b~~axixa zbs pasxkpah$ bfh gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf ig~pkuah& I àobga rqixa hieeapafx epkg gy ekpgap beedioxah sade bfh zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd&

Xla xqgkp if gy kubpy hih fkx olbfja gqol `qx xla

skgaxlifj if gy olasx slpqfc bfh zlbx zbs if gy b`hkgaf hisb~~abpah okg~daxady&

98



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih q~kf paxqpfifj lkga bfh bdxlkqjl I lbua fkx eqddy paokuapah epkg obfoap$ I sxidd eaad I okqdh ~qpsqa xla àbqxieqd diea auaf zixl obfoap a|isxifj if gy `khy& I zkqdh dica xk xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp lad~ifj ga afmky gy diea bjbif&

 B @abg Ke Dijlx If Xla Hbpcfass

Dbq _iq Yifj$ 51$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj

Obfoap bxxbocah ga bjbif bfh I zbs xlpkzf if jpabx has~bip I zbs eipsx hibjfksah bs lbuifj qxapqs obfoap if 2995& ^bpx ke gy gy qxapqs bfh kubpy zapa oqx bzby xk ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ I lbh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx xk afsqpa xlbx paoqppafoa zkqdh à ~pauafxah&

If xla s~pifj ke 299:$ lkzauap$ obfoap oadds zapa bjbif ekqfh if xla

pagbififj ~bpx ke gy qxapqs bfh lbh s~pabh auaf xk gy olasx bfh `pbif& I zafx xlpkqjl b sapias ke ~bifeqd xpabxgafx `qx hkoxkps zapa sxidd qfb`da xk okfxpkd xla hisabsa& ifbìdixy ke hkoxkps hpkua ga xk xla ahja ke has~bip&

Xlis

Xlay okqdh fkx bssqpa ga ga ke

bfyxlifj a|oa~x xlbx olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf gijlx lad~&

I hih fkx zbfx xk jk

xlpkqjl gabfifjdass xpabxgafxs$ lkzauap& Zlaf I zbs eaadifj pabddy has~apbxa$ Hkoxkp Zbfj ]lafjqk$ zlkg gy `pkxlap cfaz$ pbisah xla sqjjasxikf ke xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih okfxifqkqsdy ekp lbde b yabp& I zbs Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg)

91


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

skgalkz a|oixah bx xlis paokggafhbxikf& Qfhap lis ifsxpqoxikfs$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gy b~~axixa zbs eipsx pauiuah bfh gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf$ okfsarqafxdy$ ig~pkuah&

_i| gkfxls bexap sxbpxifj xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ ix àobga hieeioqdx xk

hisoapf xlbx I auaf sqeeapah epkg obfoap& Auaf xla hkoxkps zapa bgb}ah bx gy gy rqioc paokuapy& Zlaf I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp gy gkfxldy a|bgifbxikf$ xla hibjfksis zbs xlbx xla xqgkps lbh hisb~~abpah&

 Diuifj Is Xla @asx ^pkke

Dibfj @bi Oqi}lq$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

I Xkkc Xibf \ibf Dirqih Bdkfj bfh Obfoap Oadds Hisb~~abpah

Eipsx$ gy zaijlx hpk~~ah epkg 1>cj xk 81cj ekp fk b~~bpafx pabskf& Gy hbqjlxap àjbf xk zkppy bfh bookg~bfiah ga xk xla Xbi Hb Lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf& Xla hkoxkp xlapa xkdh ga xlbx I lbh qxapqs obfoap if ixs xliph sxbja& I zbs if xla lks~ixbd ekp lbde b yabp ekp olagkxlapb~y& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ gy hbqjlxap labph xlbx lap epiafh’s lqs`bfh zlk sqeeapah epkg sxkgbol obfoap bfh zbs ~pahioxah xk dbsx ekp kfdy 5 gkfxls$ gkfxls$ paokuapah `y xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& _la sqjjasxah hkifj xla sbga ekp ga& ga& Bexap I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& 95



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bx xla àjiffifj$ I xkkc 8 `kxxdas ~ap hby bfh okfxifqah ekp < hbys& Xlaf I pahqoah ix xk ? `kxxdas ~ap hby zliol I okfxifqah xk xbca ekp kfa yabp bfh xzk gkfxls& Paoafxdy$ I lbh bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf bfh xla hkoxkp lb~~idy haodbpah xlbx xla obfoap oadds lbua hisb~~abpah okg~daxady epkg gy `khy& I hih fkx xadd lig b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih àobqsa hkoxkps if Xbizbf àdiaua xlbx Olifasa xpabxgafxs hk fkx zkpc bx bdd& I hih fkx zbfx xk lqpx lis okfeihafoa if lis labdifj gkhbdixy& Ix is b ebox$ xlkqjl$ xlbx I haeabxah obfoap& I sqjjasx$ xlapaekpa$ ekp kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xkk&




9:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj @pabsx Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

 Jbif Xla Okqpbja If xla Ag`pboa ke Fbxqpa

Dbhy Kcbhb$ 59$ Lkqsaziea$ Jieq Okqfxy

Obfoap bxxbocah bjbif kqx ke gy fajdijafoa Gy ebgidy gbfbjas b lkx s~pifj lkxad xlbx lbh àaf ~bssah kf epkg sauapbd jafapbxikfs& Gy ykqfjasx skf bfh lis ziea bpa if olbpja ke xla lkxad fkz& Bs gy lqs`bfh bfh I ~pa~bpah xk afmky xla daisqpady diea ke paxipagafx if Fkuagàp 29<5$ gy lqs`bfh lbh xk qfhapjk sqpjapy ekp sxkgbol ~pk`dag& _ifoa xlaf bfh q~ xk b ~apikh ke 2? yabps$ la zbs if bfh kqx ke xla lks~ixbd ekp gahiobd lad~ ekp kxlap iddfassas& Gy lqs`bfh àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg 299>& Bx xlbx xiga$ I zbs sqeeapifj epkg `pabsx obfoap bfh lbh b gbsxaoxkgy kf gy daex `pabsx&

Gy lqs`bfh

sqjjasxah xlbx za xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih xkjaxlap xk bukih eqpxlap iddfassas& Ekp xlasa yabps$ I lbh fkx obqjlx bfy sapikqs hisabsa bfh xlapa lbh àaf fk sijf ke bfkxlap obfoap bxxboc& I hih fkx$ lkzauap$ xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih sapikqsdy&

9<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If b pajqdbp a|bgifbxikf if Gby 2999$ xla hkoxkp ekqfh obfoap oadds if gy pijlx `pabsx bfh iggahibxady haoihah kf bf k~apbxikf& Xlbfcs xk xla abpdy haxaoxikf$ xla hisabsa hih fkx jk kqx ke okfxpkd& I xlaf àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih sapikqsdy& Dbxap$ zlaf I zbs bjbif safx xk xla lks~ixbd hqa xk xla siha aeeaoxs ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ I ifsisxah kf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih àlifh xla hkoxkp’s `boc& Bexap kfa yabp$ gy sxpafjxl zbs pasxkpah& I hk fkx lad~ if xla lkxad fkz bfh ifsxabh$ okfoafxpbxa bdd gy xiga bfh bxxafxikf kf edkpioqdxqpa bfh lkqsazkpc& _auapbd hbys bjk$ I xkkc ~bpx if b dkobd jbxlapifj& âk~da zlk sbz ga if lijl s~ipix okqdh fkx lad~ `qx a|odbig xlbx I hih fkx dkkc dica b obfoap ~bxiafx bx bdd& Ix is sqol b gbpuadkqs eaadifj ekp skgakfa zlk lbh sqpuiuah obfoap kf `kxl `pabsxs& Za diua if Bk Eai Olbf zlapa fbxqpa is gksx àbqxieqd& Xla gkqfxbifs bpa okuapah zixl jpaaf if sqggap bfh zixl zlixa sfkz if zifxap&

B~~paoibxifj xla olbfjifj

sabskfs$ gy labpx is if b sxbxa ke ~aboa bfh xpbfrqidixy& If sqol àbqxieqd afuipkfgafx$ I bg eiddah zixl xla okqpbja xk eijlx bjbifsx obfoap&


99


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Pajbif Uixbdixy bfh Lk~a

Dbhy Fbcbhb$ 19$ Lkqsaziea$ Ksbcb

Opqad Xkpxqpas Obga Kfa Bexap Bfkxlap Ekqp yabps bjk$ Gkxlap sqeeapah epkg `pabsx obfoap& Bx xlbx xiga$ xla xqgkp zbs 1 og if si}a bfh lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla dyg~l jdbfh& _la zbs ifmaoxah zixl bfxi'obfoap hpqjs iggahibxady bexap sqpjapy& B`kqx kfa yabp dbxap$ xla xqgkp if xla kxlap `pabsx slpqfc bfh ix zbs xiga xk oqx bzby ~bpx ke xla `pabsx bfh paoaiuah pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Xla xkpxqpa ifedioxah q~kf lap$ lkzauap$ hih fkx sxk~& Xzk yabps dbxap$ obfoap oadds zapa bjbif ekqfh if xla dyg~l jdbfhs qfhap lap xlpkbx& Xla hkoxkp eifbddy bhgixxah xlbx Gkxlap zkqdh diua kfdy ekp kfa kp xzk yabps gkpa& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy adhap `pkxlap sbz skga ifekpgbxikf kf Xibf \ibf dirqih kf xla Ifxapfax&

Epbfcdy s~abcifj$ za hih fkx xpqsx xla ~pkhqox auaf bexap pabhifj haxbidah

bookqfxs àobqsa za lbua xpiah fqgapkqs kxlap bfxi'obfoap saopax ~pasopi~xikfs kfdy xk eifh xlag qsadass& Za lbh xlkqjlx xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih zbs mqsx dica xlag& _ifoa xla lks~ixbd xpabxgafxs zapa bdsk ~pkuifj xk à qsadass bfh Gkxlap zbs jpbhqbddy dksifj sxpafjxl zlida bx xla sbga xiga okfsxbfxdy if ~bif ekp xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ za xlkqjlx ix àsx xk jiua Xibf \ibf dirqih b xpy& Bf kphap ekp xla ~pkhqox zbs iggahibxady ~dboah bfh Gkxlap sxbpxah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih 0> hbys bexap paoaiuifj lap si|xl bfxi'obfoap ifmaoxikf& Xla aeeaox zbs ifsxbfxdy gbfieasxah& Xla 2>>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xqgkp fabp xla dyg~l jdbfh slpqfc" Za$ xlaf$ haoihah xk lbua xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs sxk~~ah bfh sig~dy ca~x b odksa aya kf sq`sarqafx hauadk~gafxs& Ekqp gkfxls dbxap$ xla xqgkp hih fkx slpifc eqpxlap `qx hih fkx jpkz aixlap& Gkxlap$ lkzauap$ àobga rqixa uijkpkqs& Bdxlkqjl sla lbs fkx eqddy paokuapah$ I bg okfuifoah xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih is xla kfdy gahioifa gahioifa xlbx obf lad~ lap eijlx obfoap& I lk~a xlbx bdd kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs dica Gkxlap zidd lbua xla olbfoa xk xpy Xibf \ibf dirqih bs skkf bs ~kssi`da&

 Padisl Xla Mkys Ke Diea

Dbhy _blk$ 81$ Xabolap$ Xlbidbfh @ahpihhaf àobqsa ke siha aeeaoxs If b pajqdbp ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf : yabps bjk$ obfoap oadds zapa ekqfh if gy pijlx `pabsx& Bf k~apbxikf ekddkzah& Xzk yabps dbxap$ xla obfoap oadds zapa bjbif ekqfh if gy daex `pabsx bfh I lbh xk lbua bfkxlap k~apbxikf& Xk ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis$ I zbs jiuaf bfxi' obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs xzioa bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafxs 1> xigas& Bdxlkqjl `kxl xpabxgafxs okqdh fkx okfxpkd xla obfoap oadds$ xla siha aeeaoxs zapa ifauixb`da& I eadx jpabx ~bif bdd kuap gy `khy$ zbs kexaf hb}ah bfh auaf lbh hieeioqdxy zbdcifj& I zbs àhpihhaf bfh lbh xk à xbcaf obpa ke `y kxlaps& If Haoagàp 2999$ I sbz bf bhuapxisagafx ke Xibf \ibf dirqih kf xadauisikf& I iggahibxady ~dboah bf kphap kuap xla ~lkfa& Bexap xbcifj xla ~pkhqox ekp b gkfxl$ I eadx Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2>2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gy sxpafjxl jpbhqbddy `qidhifj q~& Xla qfàbpb`da siha aeeaoxs zapa pahqoah bfh gy b~~axixa zbs `boc xk fkpgbd& _auapbd gkfxls dbxap$ bf a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx gy `khy lbh paokuapah bfh I okqdh zbdc `y gysade& Paoafxdy$ àsihas xabolifj$ I àjbf xk xbca G@B okqpsas kf lkdihbys& Bx ~pasafx$ gy sxpafjxl$ labdxl bfh okg~da|ikf bpa fk hieeapafx epkg xlbx ke fkpgbd ~ak~da& I xlifc I obf paokuap àxxap" Fkz$ auapy xiga I labp xlbx skgakfa sqeeaps epkg obfoap$ I iggahibxady ifxpkhqoa Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xlag& Pabhaps$ hk fkx gisqfhapsxbfh gisqfhapsxbfh ga bs ~pkgkxifj xla ~pkhqox& I kfdy lk~a xlbx kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs zlk sqeeap epkg xpagafhkqs ~bif hqa xk bfxi'obfoap hpqjs bfh pbhibxikf gby à b`da xk paokuap xlaip labdxl zixl xla lad~ ke Xibf \ibf dirqih&

 Paodbig Diea Zixl Jkh’s @dassifj

Dbhy Bdifb$ 1?$ Lkqsaziea$ Gbfidb$ ^lidi~~ifas

Ifsisxafxdy Paeqsah K~apbxikf If Mqfa 299:$ I lbh bf k~apbxikf kf gy olasx& Xla hkoxkp xkdh ga I lbh `pabsx obfoap bfh if b uapy sifoapa gbffap$ la bhuisah ga xk qfhapjk pbhibxikf xpabxgafx iggahibxady& @aekpa I zafx lkga$ I ~pbyah if b sgbdd olb~ad ifsiha xla lks~ixbd& Bx lkga$ I okqdh fkx lad~ `qx zaa~ bfh gy ebgidy xpiah uapy lbph xk sq~~pass xlaip kzf skppkz bfh ~pbyah zixl ga& 2>0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bdxlkqjl xpabxgafx ekddkzah iggahibxady$ I sxidd lk~ah xlbx xla hibjfksis zbs b gisxbca&

I zafx xk kxlap lks~ixbds bfh kxlap hkoxkps xk saac ekp kxlap k~ifikfs&

Qfekpxqfbxady$ bdd zapa qfbfigkqs if xlaip k~ifikfs&

Ix zbs `pabsx obfoap if xla

~padigifbpy sxbja& I zbs bhuisah xk qfhapjk olagkxlapb~y bexap bf k~apbxikf& Gqol bs I lbh paeqsah xla sqpjapy$ xla hkoxkp ifsisxah xlbx I faahah ix `bhdy bfh xla skkfap$ xla àxxap& Zlida I zbs if sqol b hidaggb$ gy lqs`bfh obga lkga kfa fijlx zixl Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ix zbs if Koxkàp& Bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp kfa zaac$ I eadx xla lbph dqg~ if gy gy `pabsx skexafifj& _auapbd hbys dbxap$ skga ~qs'dica sq`sxbfoa sxbpxah xk kk}a kqx ke gy scif& @dkkh xlaf edkzah kqx& Q~ xidd Haoagàp$ xla 2&01 ifol lbph dqg~ hisb~~abpah `y `daahifj hih fkx sxk~& I okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& If Mbfqbpy 299<$ I zbs `pkqjlx xk xla lks~ixbd àobqsa I dksx okfsoikqsfass& I qfhapzafx b okg~daxa gahiobd a|bgifbxikf bexap `dkkh xpbfseqsikf& I zbs xkdh xlbx xla obfoap oadds if gy `khy hisb~~abpah" Bdd xlis zbs sk qfàdiaub`da"

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2>?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Gkpa Afapjaxio Xlbf @aekpa

Zbfj Gaiyqf$ 82$ Lkqsaziea$ Gbdbysib

B Lbph Dqg~ Hauadk~ah Ifxk @pabsx Obfoap Bx xla afh ke 2999$ I eadx skga ~bif if gy `pabsx bfh zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua ix olaocah& Bexap xla \'pby$ xla hkoxkp eadx xlbx xla lbph dqg~ if gy `pabsx slkqdh à jiuaf eqpxlap bxxafxikf& Bs hbys zafx `y$ xla ~bif àobga gkpa boqxa bfh xla lbph dqg~ if xla q~~ap ~bpx ke gy daex `pabsx saagah xk ifopabsa if si}a& I$ bjbif$ zafx xk xla lks~ixbd bfh xlis xiga$ zbs xkdh xlbx xla lbph dqg~ lbh hauadk~ah ifxk `pabsx obfoap& Qfhap xla hkoxkp’s ifsxpqoxikfs$ I k~xah ekp b gbsxaoxkgy kf gy daex `pabsx& Xla xqgkp zbs xbcaf kqx bfh I zafx xlpkqjl olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ I sqeeapah okfsxbfxdy epkg hibpplab$ ukgixifj$ dkss ke b~~axixa$ zaijlx dkss$ bfh lbip dkss& Xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla xpabxgafxs zaijlah ga hkzf& If Gbpol 299:$ gy lqs`bfh’s epiafh$ zlk zbs bdsk b hkoxkp$ k`xbifah skga ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg xla Ifxapfax bfh qpjah ga ga xk xpy xla ~pkhqox& Xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ zlaf I zafx ekp gy pajqdbp a|bgifbxikf$ I zbs xkdh `y xla hkoxkp xlbx xla ~bpx k~apbxah kf zbs labdifj fkpgbddy bfh xla dyg~l dqg~ qfhap xla bpg~ix lbh hisb~~abpah& Hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih gixijbxah gixijbxah xla siha aeeaoxs ke olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf& Gy b~~axixa bfh sxpafjxl zapa pauiuah bfh I auaf ekqfh gysade gkpa afapjaxio xlbf àekpa& Zlbx zbs gksx a|oixifj zbs xlbx gy lbip lbh jpkzf `boc& 2>8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xk ~pauafx obfoap paoqppafoa$ I okfxifqa xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih `qx pahqoah xla hksbja xk 0>> oo ,0 `kxxdas) ~ap hby& Fkz$ pajqdbp a|bgifbxikf auapy ? gkfxls slkz xlbx auapyxlifj is fkpgbd& I eifbddy qfhapsxbfh zlbx pabd labdxl is& I zidd olapisl Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh à jpbxaeqd ekpauap&

 Xla Xlpabx Ke Habxl ^ksah B Olbddafja

Dbhy Klbpb$ 8?$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkxkpi Okqfxy

_iha Aeeaoxs Zapa Gixijbxah Iggahibxady Ix zbs if Gby xlbx bf a|bgifbxikf slkzah I lbh b 1 og xqgkp if gy daex `pabsx& Bexap jkifj xlpkqjl olagkxlapb~y ekp skgaxiga$ I lbh sqpjapy&

Bexapzbphs$

olagkxlapb~y zbs bjbif okfhqoxah if ? sxbjas& Ix is bdd hqa xk pa~kpxs b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx gy lqs`bfh pabh b`kqx hqpifj gy sxby if xla lks~ixbd xlbx I bg b`da xk sxby bdiua bfh labdxly xkhby& Xlis lb~~afah if xla gihhda gihhda ke Mqfa& Bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I eadx xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla lks~ixbd xpabxgafxs sq`siha& Ukgixifj bfh lbip dkss sxk~~ah& Gy b~~axixa zbs sdkzdy pajbifah bfh zlixa `dkkh oadds okqfx hih fkx haopabsa& Hkoxkps bfh fqpsas zlk hih fkx cfkz I zbs xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih zapa bdd hadijlxah bx gy paokuapy& Xlay bdd odbigah I zbs s~aoibd& Zixl xlasa pasqdxs$ I haoihah xk okfxifqa hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& I zidd fauap ekpjax xlbx xla hkoxkp lbh ~pauikqsdy Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2>1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

~pahioxah xlbx I okqdh kfdy lbua bfkxlap xzk gkfxls xk diua sifoa bdd lis ~bxiafxs zlk sqeeapah xla sbga iddfass bfh zlk zapa ke xla sbga okfhixikf bdd hiah 0 gkfxls bexap dabuifj xla lks~ixbd& Xlis ~pahioxikf hih fkx ha~pass ga bx bdd àobqsa zixl Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I zbs afokqpbjah xk eijlx xla hisabsa ifsxabh& I xlifc I slkqdh xlbfc xla hkoxkp ekp lbuifj jiuaf ga b olbddafja& If ebox$ xla pkda ke Xibf \ibf dirqih if gy auafxqbd labdifj zbs sk hpbgbxio& I lbua àaf hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp 0 yabps fkz bfh xla obfoap lbs fkx paoqppah& Bdxlkqjl ix is sxidd faoassbpy xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih okfxifqkqsdy$ I bg b`da xk hk skga lkqsazkpc fkz bfh I okqdh xbca b zbdc zixl gy ebgidy bfh afmky slk~~ifj&

 Diuifj âboaeqddy Zixl Obfoap

Gp& Jkxkq$ 89$ Xkcqsligb Okqfxy

Olifasa Epiafhs @pkqjlx Gy _buikp I zbs ekqfh xk sqeeap epkg `pabsx obfoap if b gahiobd a|bgifbxikf ? yabps bjk& I qfhapzafx bf k~apbxikf iggahibxady& Xla xqgkp zbs 2&1 og `qx xla hkoxkp bscah ga fkx xk zkppy àobqsa ix zbs if xla ~padigifbpy sxbja& If bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf slkpxdy bexap$ xla obfoap zbs ekqfh xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah xk sauapbd ~bpxs if xla `kfas& Xla hibjfksis zbs xlbx xla obfoap lbh hauadk~ah ifxk xla ekqpxl sxbja bfh I zbs ifekpgah xlbx I kfdy lbua kfa kp xzk yabps daex if gy diea& 2>5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bexap gy padabsa epkg xla lks~ixbd$ I okfxifqah xk zkpc ekp I hih fkx zbfx xk à haeabxah `y gy iddfass& Bx xla sbga xiga$ gy lqs`bfh bfh I ca~x sabpolifj ekp gahioifas bfh aeeaoxiua xpabxgafxs ekp obfoap zlida I okfxifqah xk paoaiua xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd& Kfa hby$ b Olifasa epiafh `pkqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol la odbigah zbs uapy aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap& I iggahibxady xkkc xla ~pkhqox bfh àykfh gy a|~aoxbxikfs$ xzk kp xlpaa hbys bexap$ gy sxpafjxl saagah xk ig~pkua& Epkg xlbx xiga kf$ I padijikqsdy xkkc Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& Ix lbs àaf ? yabps fkz sifoa gy k~apbxikf& Bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds sxidd a|isx if sauapbd ~bpxs ke gy `khy$ xlay hk fkx jpkz fkp gaxbsxbsi}a bfh xlbx is jkkh afkqjl ekp ga&



Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2>:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dqfj Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

 B Zbppikp Zlk Lbs Ekqjlx Bjbifsx Obfoap Ekp 2> Yabps

Gp& Eqcqhb$ 5<$ Paxipah$ Ybgbcqoli Okqfxy

Habxl B~~pkbolah Kfoa Gy lqs`bfh lbs ekqjlx obfoap ekp 2> yabps& If 299>$ la lbh lis paoxqg bfh daex cihfay pagkuah& Bexapzbphs$ la zbs bjbif bhgixxah ifxk xla lks~ixbd bs obfoap gaxbsxbsi}ah xk lis ~aduis fabp xla paoxqg& Bexap pa~abxah pbhibxikf xpabxgafx$ labx bfh bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ xla hisabsa zbs `pkqjlx qfhap okfxpkd& La zafx ekp pajqdbp olaoc'q~s bfh xkkc bfxi'obfoap hpqjs& Bx xlbx xiga$ za jkx xk cfkz Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg pa~kpxs& La xpiah hpifcifj ix epkg Mbfqbpy 2995 `qx hih fkx okfsihap ix sapikqsdy& If _a~xagàp$ pqgkps ke 1'2> og zapa ekqfh if lis dqfjs bfh sqpjapy zbs pqdah kqx& If sqol b zkppiah sxbxa$ la `kqjlx bfh bxa bdd xlbx zapa pqgkpah xk à aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap& Kfa yabp dbxap$ if B~pid 299<$ xla xqgkps zapa ekqfh xk lbua jpkzf 0 xk 1 og dbpjap& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx la slkqdh

2><



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

iggahibxady sq`gix ligsade ekp eqpxlap bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs3 kxlapzisa$ la zbs hyifj skkf& Eifhifj ligsade lks~ixbdi}ah bjbif$ gy lqs`bfh pasqgah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh bx xla sbga xiga$ xkkc xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs& I hk fkx cfkz ie ix zbs hqa xk xla okgìfah qsa ke xla xzk xlbx xla siha aeeaoxs la sqeeapah epkg saagah sk gqol gidhap xlbf xlksa sqeeapah `y kxlap ~bxiafxs& _xkgbxixis bfh hibpplab zapa fkx sapikqs& La zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd zlaf xla xqgkp slpqfc xk lbde ixs si}a& Zixl lis ~lysiobd okfhixikf ig~pkuifj$ gy lqs`bfh$ zlk lbs bdzbys àaf opahqdkqs$ labph b`kqx zbxap skdq`da jdqoksa$ zliol zbs sbih xk à ~bpxioqdbpdy aeeaoxiua bjbifsx dqfj obfoap& La `kqjlx xla sbih ~pkhqox bfh xkkc ix zixlkqx saokfh xlpkqjl bfh sxk~~ah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& @y xla afh ke 299<$ lkzauap$ la okqdh fk dkfjap ifjasx lis ekkh$ dax bdkfj xbsxa ix&

Bfxi'Obfoap Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa Xkkc Aeeaox If B~pid 2999$ xla obfoap if lis ~aduis paoqppah zixl b uafjabfoa& Gy lqs`bfh jpaz zabcap bfh xla xqgkp ~iapoah xlpkqjl lis sgbdd ifxasxifa bfh a|opagafx zbs padabsah ifxk lis qpifa bfh auaf ifxk lis `dkkh& La okqdh fkx abx ekp b gkfxl bfh b lbde bfh a|isxah kf hpi~ eaahifj& If kphap ekp lig xk xbca if ekkh$ xla hkoxkp ~apekpgah b sig~da k~apbxikf xk okffaox lis dbpja ifxasxifa xk xla sgbdd ifxasxifa& La zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd if Mqfa 2999 bfh àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bjbif& Xlis xiga$ la xkkc ix gkpa sapikqsdy bfh hpbfc 5 `kxxdas ~ap hby bfh bhhah Xibf \ibf ~idds xk lis pajigaf&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2>9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If Haoagàp 2999$ \'pbys$ `dkkh xasxs bfh lis AOLK a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx la zbs if jkkh ~lysiobd okfhixikf a|oa~x ekp ~faqgkfahagb if lis olasx bfh sijfs ke obfoap& Bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf if Mbfqbpy 0>>> slkzah xlbx bdxlkqjl xla xqgkp if lis dqfjs hih fkx olbfja$ ~faqgkfahagb zbs pahqoah bfh xla xqgkp slkzah sijfs ke zabcafifj& Xla hkoxkp if olbpja zbs rqixa sbxiseiah bfh bscah ie I zapa xbcifj skga kxlap gahioifa&

—Yas&

B xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa&‗

Xla hkoxkp eadx ix zbs

qfàdiaub`da bfh zbs auaf hqgèkqfhah zlaf la labph gy lqs`bfh sby xlbx xlapa zapa fk gkpa ~bifs if lis olasx$ fk okqjl fkp ~ldajg& Fkz$ has~ixa xla dkzapifj ke xla xqgkp sijf sifoa xla àjiffifj ke xla yabp$ obfoap is ekqfh xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah xk lis `pbif& Gy lqs`bfh is if xla lks~ixbd bjbif ekp xpabxgafxs& Bdxlkqjl la lbs fkx yax zkf lis `bxxda bjbifsx obfoap$ la lbh asob~ah habxl sauapbd xigas fkz bfh caa~s lis lijl s~ipix ekp eijlxifj& Za bpa okfuifoah xlbx la zidd qdxigbxady paokuap& If jkkh zabxlap$ I hpiua lig xk xla sq`qp`s ekp b zbdc& Za auaf odigàh xk xla ~abc ke xla gkqfxbif kfoa bfh ukzah xk eijlx obfoap xkjaxlap& —Obfoap$ caa~ bs ebp bzby bs ~kssi`da"‗ Bfyzby$ za bpa xkjaxlap& Za lbua b ~dbf xk xbca b xpi~ xk _lbf Ybfj q~kf lis padabsa epkg xla lks~ixbd& àbqxieqd soafapy bfh xla `piddibfx diea blabh&

22>


Za eaad xlbx za obf sxidd afmky xla


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Ebgidy Gagàps’ Dkua Haeabx xla Obfoap Gkfsxap

Gp& Cisklbpb$ 59$ Ag~dkyaa$ Gia Okqfxy

Xla ^lysiobd @khy Ke Gy _kf Is If Xkcyk @qx Lis Labpx Is Zixl Ga Bx eipsx$ xla hkoxkp haodbpah xlbx I kfdy lbua lbde b yabp xk diua& Xla xqgkp zbs ekqfh bx xla `kxxkg ke gy pijlx dqfj fabp xla bpxapy zixl b si}a ke : og | 5 og if xla xliph sxbja& If bf k~apbxikf ~apekpgah if Gbpol 2999$ xla xqgkp okqdh fkx à oqx bzby okg~daxady& I lbh xk qfhapjk olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf& If Gby$ zlaf I zbs if xla lks~ixbd bjbif$ I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gy ykqfjasx skf zlk diuas if Xkcyk booassah ifekpgbxikf kf xla Ifxapfax bfh sxqhiah xla ~kssiìdixias ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Lis bfbdysis dah lig xk àdiaua xlbx xla ~pkhqox obf à gksx aeeaoxiua if okg`bxifj gy iddfass& Bexap I xkkc Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla xlapb~ias b`bxah& Gy safsa ke xbsxa zbs laijlxafah sk xlbx I okqdh afmky hadioikqs ekkh bfh gy sxpafjxl okfsarqafxdy pauiuah& Zlaf I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd if Mqfa$ xla xqgkp lbh bdpabhy àaf pahqoah xk lbde ixs si}a&

I okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xla OX sobf if

Haoagàp dbsx yabp bfh if Gbpol ke xlis yabp pauabdah fk xpboa ke obfoap oadds& Fkz$ I bg uapy afapjaxio& I bg boxiua if jbxlapifjs bfh xpi~s ekp safikp oixi}afs bfh I auaf



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

~bpxioi~bxah if xla pajqdbp gaaxifjs gaaxifjs ke xla hipaoxkps dbsx yabp& Gbfy hipaoxkps sbih xlbx I dkkcah paepaslah& Ke okqpsa$ I kfdy lbua Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xlbfc ekp gy paokuapy& Xla ~ak~da I kza xla gksx jpbxixqha xk bpa gy skf bfh ziea3 as~aoibddy$ gy skf zlk pasihas if Xkcyk `qx is uapy gqol okfoapfah b`kqx ga bfh kexaf pagifhs ga xk xbca xla Xibf \ibf dirqih okfxifqkqsdy& Xk oqpa gy hisabsa$ gy skf ~kqps kuap ukdqgas ke `kkcs b`kqx obfoap& @asihas Xibf \ibf dirqih$ la bdsk xkdh ga ke kxlap xpabxgafxs& I bg sk ~pkqh ke gy skf zlk$ has~ixa lis `qsy solahqda$ bdzbys eifhs xla xiga xk olaoc kf ga& I zidd eijlx obfoap okqpbjakqsdy xk diua q~ xk gy ziea’s bfh gy skf’s dkua bfh obpa&

 —Okfeihafoa‗ Is Xla Kfdy Zby Xk Labdifj

Gp& Axb$ :0$ Paxipah$ Ybgbjqoli Okqfxy

I Zbs Fajdijafx Kqx Ke Kuap'Okfeihafoa Bfykfa obf obxol obfoap `qx fk`khy cfkzs zly& If xla s~pifj ke 299<$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua gy pajqdbp \'pby a|bgifbxikf bfh xk lbua gy lijl `dkkh ~passqpa olaocah& B slbhkz slkzah q~ bx gy pijlx dqfj& I hih fkx eaad bfyxlifj b`fkpgbd bfh sig~dy ijfkpah xlis eifhifj& If Fkuagàp 299<$ xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah xlbx I jk xlpkqjl bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf if xla lks~ixbd& Xla pasqdx okfeipgah dqfj obfoap& Bf k~apbxikf 220



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zkqdh lbua àaf hieeioqdx sifoa gy pas~ipbxkpy eqfoxikf zbs zabc bfh xla obfoap zbs fabp xla bpxapy& Eifbddy$ I k~xah xk lbua olagkxlapb~y& Xla hkoxkp zbpfah ga ke xla siha aeeaoxs sqol bs dkss ke b~~axixa$ ukgixifj$ hibpplab$ bfh lbip dkss&

I zbs$ xlapaekpa$

~pa~bpifj gysade ekp xla xpabxgafxs `y okfsapuifj gy sxpafjxl& I `kqjlx xzk cifhs ke labdifj ekkhs bfh lih xlag epkg xla hkoxkp& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ gy ziea xpiah xk okddaox bdd cifhs ke ifekpgbxikf b`kqx labdxl ekkhs bfh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& If xla ~pkoass ke olagkxlapb~y$ fk kxlap siha aeeaoxs gbfieasxah a|oa~x lbip dkss& Zlaf I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd if Gbpol 2999$ xla xqgkp lbh àaf pahqoah `qx sxidd a|isxah& I gbha q~ gy gifh xk xkxbddy zi~a xlis kqx epkg gy `khy sk I sapikqsdy sabpolah ekp kxlap jkkh gahioifas& @bsah kf ~bsx a|~apiafoas$ I àdiauah xlbx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa zbs xla kfdy oqpa ekp obfoap àobqsa ix zkpcs if b gidhap zby xlbf zasxapf gahioifa bfh obf lad~ ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag& Bx xlbx xiga$ I ekqfh xla `kkc —Eijlxifj zixl Obfoap‗& Bexap pabhifj xlis `kkc obpaeqddy$ I zbs okfuifoah xlbx xlis zbs xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa I faahah& Xlqs$ I hpbfc 8 `kxxdas ke xla dirqih auapy hby& Fkz$ I fkx kfdy lbua b jkkh b~~axixa `qx lbua bdsk ~qx kf zaijlx&

Bx gy

ig~pkuagafx$ padbxiuas bfh epiafhs a|odbig xlbx xla hibjfksis ke obfoap gqsx lbua àaf b gisxbca& Xla ~ksxgbf zlk hadiuaps xla Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy gkfxl oqpikqsdy bscah ga zlk bgkfj xla ebgidy gagàps is xla obfoap ~bxiafx& La zbs sxidd hisàdiauifj bexap I ifekpgah lig xlbx ix zbs I& La okqdh fkx liha lis bsxkfislgafx& Bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds lbua fkx xkxbddy hisb~~abpah$ ix slkzs fk sijf ke pauiuifj& Xla hkoxkp ekqfh ix faoassbpy xk okfxifqa lks~ixbd xpabxgafx& I hk fkx saag xk lbua xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 22?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hisabsa auaf xlkqjl b slbhkz is sxidd ~pasafx if gy gy `khy& I àdiaua xlbx xlis xkk zidd hisb~~abp kfa hby& I àjbf xk okddaox ifekpgbxikf b`kqx kxlap xpabxgafxs bfh gahioifas zlaf I zbs xkdh I lbh obfoap& Zixl xla haa~ap qfhapsxbfhifj I hauadk~ah ke xlis iddfass$ I fkz lbua gkpa lk~a xlbx I bg ob~b`da ke ziffifj kuap xla hisabsa& Xlqs$ I xlifc I zidd paokuap skkf bfh xla aeeaoxs ke xla gahioifa zidd ~pkdkfj gy diea& Gy okfeihafoa if xlis ebox is xla gksx ig~kpxbfx difc if oqpifj obfoap& I àdiaua xlis is zlbx I faah gksx&

 _fbxol Xla Dbsx _xpbz

Gp& Cixblbpb$ 81$ Okg~bfy âpskffad$ Ksbcb

Xla _lbhkz Bexap : Yabps If xla okdh abpdy s~pifj ke Ea`pqbpy 2999$ gy adhap `pkxlap lbh b ebdd zlida ifs~aoxifj b okfsxpqoxikf sixa& La lbh `pkcaf lis pi` bfh sapikqs okfsarqafoas ekddkzah& La lbh jkfa xlpkqjl bf k~apbxikf skga : yabps àekpa bfh 8+1 ke lis sxkgbol lbh àaf sqpjiobddy pagkuah& La zbs zkppiah b`kqx ~kssi`da gaxbsxbsis `qx ca~x xlis lihhaf epkg padbxiuas bfh epiafhs& If padbxah a|bgifbxikfs bexap xla ebdd$ b slbhkz zbs ekqfh if lis \' pby&

228



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_ifoa la hih fkx eaad bfyxlifj qfqsqbd$ xla hkoxkp sig~dy bhuisah lig xk zbxol ekp hauadk~gafxs& Bx xla afh ke xla sabskf$ mqsx bs slkkxs sxbpxah xk s~pkqx kf xzijs$ @pkxlap sqhhafdy eadx ~iapoifj ~bif kf lis `boc& Bx eipsx$ la xlkqjlx xla ~bif zbs if xla gqsoda& Ix àobga sk ifxafsa xlbx bf bg`qdbfoa lbh xk à obddah if xk `pifj lig xk xla lks~ixbd& Xla obqsa ke xla qfàbpb`da ~bif okqdh fkx à ~if~kifxah sk bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf zbs obppiah kqx& Xla ~bif gijlx lbua àaf xla ifixibd syg~xkg kp b`fkpgbdixy za slkqdh lbua zbxolah kqx ekp& Xla hibjfksis zbs dica b dijlxfifj `kdx" Ix zbs dqfj obfoap& _ifoa ix lbh bdpabhy gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla `kfas$ sqpjapy zbs pqdah kqx&

Fauap Xk @a Haeabxah @y Obfoap —Zly zbs xlapa fk syg~xkg zlaf xla hisabsa lbh bdpabhy sapikqsdy hauadk~ah;‗ —Zly is bf k~apbxikf hieeioqdx;‗

Zlbx zbs gkpa qfbooa~xb`da zbs xlbx xla hkoxkp

bhgixxah xlbx @pkxlap kfdy lbh 0 yabps xk sqpuiua" I sxidd odabpdy pagagàp xla skppkz$ has~bip bfh ~bfio ke bdd xla gagàps ke kqp ebgidy xlbx hby& Za hbpah fkx dkkc bx abol kxlap ekp eabp ke `pabcifj hkzf& Za haoihah fkx xk pauabd xla xpqxl xk @pkxlap& Bexap xla a|bgifbxikf$ pbhibxikf xpabxgafx àjbf& La zafx xlpkqjl pbhibxikf ?> xigas bfh zbs sq`maoxah xk bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx ekp ? xigas ,? sxbjas)& _ifoa la zbs bhgixxah ifxk xla lks~ixbd$ I obddah lig auapy hby mqsx xk olaap lig q~& —I gby lbua obqjlx obfoap&‗ Gy `pkxlap’s sqs~ioikf zbs odabp if lis obdg ukioa& I xpiah gy àsx xk pabssqpa lig xlbx la zidd paokuap& _qol afokqpbjagafx zbs fkx kfdy gabfx ekp lig `qx ekp ga bs zadd& Gy adhap sisxap$ xkk$ xpiah lap àsx xk sq~~pass lap jpiae& _la okfsxbfxdy



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

beeipgah xk lig xlbx la zidd fauap à haeabxah `y obfoap& Za okfsxbfxdy pagifhah lig xk lbua okfeihafoa if lis paokuapy bfh fkx hisb~~kifx qs& I àdiauah xlapa gqsx à skga oqpa ekp xla obfoap bfh ukzah xk eifh ix& I sabpolah gahiobd bobhagias bfh obfoap lks~ixbds ekp gkpa gkpa ifekpgbxikf& Xla gkpa I cfaz$ xla gkpa lad~eqd ix zkqdh à ekp @pkxlap’s xpabxgafx& Eifbddy$ I ekqfh Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol paokphah boxqbd aeeaoxs kf obfoap& I obddah xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf if a|oixagafx& Zlaf I jkx xla hkoqgafxs xlay safh$ I lb~~idy slbpah xlasa zixl gy `pkxlap ekp I zbs sqpa I lbh ekqfh xla oqpa la faahah& I `kqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh `pkqjlx xlag xk lig if xla lks~ixbd& Bs @pkxlap zbs xk hpifc ix$ xla hkoxkp if olbpja sbih xlbx ix zbs fkx bddkzah xk xbca bfy kxlap bfxi'obfoap gahioifas a|oa~x ekp xlksa ~pkuihah `y xla lks~ixbd& Za lbh xk jiua q~ xla ihab xag~kpbpidy bfh zbixah& @pkxlap$ lkzauap$ sqeeapah b jpabx habd epkg xla siha aeeaoxs ke olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf& Lis zlixa `dkkh oadds zapa hkzf$ la zbs eauapisl bdd xla xiga$ la dksx is b~~axixa bfh eadx afapubxah& La zbs$ bx kfa ~kifx$ sk epqsxpbxah xlbx la auaf zislah la zkqdh mqsx hia& Auafxqbddy$ xla xpabxgafx okqpsa zbs eifislah bfh @pkxlap zbs b`da xk dabua xla lks~ixbd& Lis ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf$ xlkqjl $ slkzah xlbx xla xpabxgafxs zapa bdd if ubif& Xlapa zbs fk ig~pkuah zlbxskauap if lis sixqbxikf bfh xla obfoap oadds zapa sxidd uapy boxiua& Xlis xlpaz auapykfa ifxk has~bip" Zlbx zbs xla qsa ke bdd xlksa xpabxgafxs bfh sqeeapifjs; Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa zbs fkx bddkzah bfh xla hkoxkp’s ifsxpqoxikf zbs ekddkzah& Yax$ xlay okqdh fkx jqbpbfxaa b oqpa& I$ xlaf$ a|~passah xla ebox xlbx ie za hk fkx saac kxlap gabsqpas$ @pkxlap zidd sqpady hia& Bs skkf bs la zbs kqx ke xla lks~ixbd$ I qpjah lig xk xbca xla Xibf \ibf dirqih& La sxbpxah lis Xibf \ibf ~pkjpbg `y xbcifj xla dirqih 5 xigas b hby 225



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bfh xla Xibf \ibf ~idds ? xigas b hby ,9 ~idds bx eipsx)& Kf xla saokfh hby$ la àjbf xk zbdc bpkqfh `qx zbs qfsxb`da bfh rqiocdy kqx ke `pabxl& Ekp xla ekddkzifj 8 hbys$ la hidijafxdy xkkc xla gahioifa bfh auapykfa okqdh saa ~ksixiua sijfs ke paokuapy&

La

sdkzdy pajbifah lis b~~axixa sk lis zaijlx sxbpxah xk ifopabsa& Lis okg~da|ikf xqpfah labdxly bfh la zbs fk dkfjap `pabxldass zlaf zbdcifj bpkqfh& I zafx xk xla hkoxkp xk okfsqdx ie xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs sxidd zkpcah kf ~bxiafxs zlk lbua bdpabhy sxk~~ah xla xpabxgafxs& I zbs xkdh xlbx ix zbs ig~kssi`da bfh I okfodqhah xlbx ix gqsx à xla Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs xlbx bpa lad~ifj gy `pkxlap ~pkdkfj lis diea& If _a~xagàp$ gy `pkxlap lbh lis eipsx a|bgifbxikf bexap dabuifj xla lks~ixbd& Xla xqgkp slpqfc bfh ix zbs kfdy zixlif kfa gkfxl xlbx gy `pkxlap sxbpxah xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh ~idds& If bfkxlap gkfxl$ xla hkoxkp bscah gy `pkxlap xk paxqpf xk xla lks~ixbd xk okfxifqa xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx& Za zapa if b rqbfhbpy bs xk zlbx xk hk sifoa za hih fkx zbfx xk okfxpbhiox xla hkoxkp& Gy `pkxlap haoihah xk jk `boc xk xla lks~ixbd bfh bjbif$ la dksx lis b~~axixa bfh okqdh fkx b`skp` bfy ekkh$ auaf epqixs bfh uixbgifs zkqdh fkx sxby hkzf& La zbs zabcap xlbf àekpa bfh if Koxkàp$ haoihah xk sxk~ bdd bfxi'obfoap hpqjs a|oa~x Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds&

Afmky Xla Lb~~ifass Ke Diea Bjbif If Fkuagàp$ I skqjlx xla lad~ ke b ~pkeasskp if xla qfiuapsixy lks~ixbd& I slkzah lig bdd xla gahiobd paokphs bfh a|bgifbxikf ke @pkxlap epkg xla xzk lks~ixbds zlapa la zafx ekp xpabxgafxs& Bexap b haxbidah sxqhy$ la okfeipgah xlbx xla iskxk~a a|bgifbxikf hih fkx slkz bfy b`fkpgbdixias bfh xla `kfa obfoap lbs sxbìdi}ah& \'pby bfh OX sobf slkzah xla obfoap oadds xk à okg~daxady adigifbxah& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy `pkxlap lbh àaf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 22:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xbcifj xla Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs ekp xlpaa gkfxls&

If Haoagàp$ zixl Olpisxgbs ebsx

b~~pkbolifj$ xla oixy zbs afuadk~ah if b easxiua bxgks~lapa&

@pkxlap zafx xk xla

qfiuapsixy lks~ixbd ekp lis pajqdbp olaoc'q~& Auapy xiga xla hkoxkp dkkcah bx xla OX ~ioxqpa$ la okqdh fkx lad~ `qx sgida bfh ca~x kf sbyifj —Uapy Jkkh"‗ La haodbpah @pkxlap xk à if ~apeaox labdxl bfh obqxikfah xlbx la mqsx lbh xk zbxol kqx ekp bfy paoqppafoa& Gy `pkxlap zbs sk kuapmkyah la auaf bscah ie la okqdh hpifc zifa& Xla ~pkeasskp$ xkk$ zbs ifeaoxah zixl @pkxlap’s jkkh lqgkp& Xla a|bgifbxikf if Mbfqbpy bfh Ea`pqbpy 0>>>$ dicazisa$ slkzah xlbx obfoap oadds lbua okg~daxady hisb~~abpah bfh xlbx @pkxlap’s ~lysiobd sxpafjxl lbs pasqgah& Gy lbphzkpcifj `pkxlap is fkz `boc bx lis ~ksx bfh la dkkcs gkpa afapjaxio zixl abol ~bssifj hby& I zkqdh dica xk a|~pass gy xlbfcs xk auapy gagàp ke xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf bfh Hp& Zbfj$ zlk lbh àaf gksx afokqpbjifj bfh xk Jkh$ zlk lbs bdzbys `dassah qs auaf xlpkqjl kqp opisis" I bdsk lk~a xlbx bdd obfoap ~bxiafxs zidd xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bs skkf bs ~kssi`da$ eifh padib`da hkoxkps bfh fauap jiua q~"



22<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Ekpjax Xla Hisabsa Bfh Diua B Uijkpkqs Diea

Gps& Ybfj$ :2$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

Gy Gkxlap'if'Dbz Is K~af Xk Xla Kqxsiha Zkpdh Auaf Zlaf _qeeapifj Epkg Hisabsa Gy gkxlap'if'dbz zlk qsah xk zkpc kf mk`sixas zlaf sla zbs ykqfj obffkx diua zixlkqx hkifj skgaxlifj& _la aixlap zabuas szabxaps bfh kxlaps kp pihas bpkqfh if lap ìoyoda& _la hihf’x jk xk solkkd àobqsa ke ~kuapxy$ sk sla bxxafhs auafifj odbss bx ~pasafx& @asihas$ sla lbs àaf b ukdqfxaap zkpcap ekp bdd lap diea& Gy gkxlap'if'dbz gkxlap'if'dbz is sk afapjaxio bfh labdxly xlbx sla lbh bdgksx fauap obqjlx bfy hisabsa& If Koxkàp 299<$ lkzauap$ sla sqhhafdy okqjlah kqx `dkkhy ~ldajg& Xla gahiobd a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx sla sqeeapah epkg dqfj obfoap bfh ix zbs bx xla eifbd sxbja&

I Lbua Fkx Xkdh Lap Xla Xpqxl Bexap gy gkxlap'if'dbz lbh qfhapjkfa sqpjapy bfh zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd$ gy lqs`bfh labph lis epiafhs xbdc b`kqx b jkkh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Xlqs$ sla àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg Haoagàp kfzbphs&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xibf \ibf dirqih iggahibxady xkkc aeeaox bfh gy gkxlap'if'dbz jpbhqbddy paokuapah bfh paxqpfah xk àifj xla kpijifbd —afapjaxio gkxlap‗& _la kfoa sbih$ —Xla olbfoa xk okfxbox xla kqxsiha zkpdh obffkx à jiuaf q~ auaf ie kfa lbs obqjlx hisabsa&‗ I hih fkx zbfx xk hk sk àekpa$ `qx fkz$ I afokqpbja gy gkxlap'if'dbz xk hk zlbxauap sla zbfxs& Bdxlkqjl ebxa is àykfh okfxpkd$ za gqsx diua b uijkpkqs diea xk xla afh&

 Xla Ekpxqfas Bfh Gisekpxqfas Ke Diea Bpa Qf~pahioxb`da

Dbhy Fbcbgqpb$ 50$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk

Xla xlpabx ke paoqppafoa zbs lbfjifj kuap ga I lbua bdzbys àaf okfeihafx ke gy labdxl& Okfxpbpy xk gy a|~aoxbxikfs$ I zbs ekqfh xk lbua `pabsx obfoap if 2998 bfh xla hkoxkp ~pkoaahah xk pagkua gy pijlx `pabsx& I sxbpxah xk xbca lkpgkfa sq~~dagafxs bexapzbphs `qx I sxk~~ah bexap xzk yabps& If B~pid 2999$ a|bgifbxikfs slkzah xlbx xla obfoap lbs gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla dqfjs& Xkgkjpb~ly sqjjasxah xlbx obfoap oadds zapa if xla slb~a ke s~kpa bfh xlapa zbs skgaxlifj adsa if xla olasx&

Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx `kxl k~apbxikf bfh pbhibxikf bpa

ig~kssi`da& If Mqfa$ bexap bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs ekp ? xigas$ bdgksx bdd gy lbip hpk~~ah kee& Bdxlkqjl fkxlifj saagah xk à zpkfj zixl gy gy `khy$ I zbs qfhap a|xpaga ~passqpa& I zbs zkppiah b`kqx xla hkoxkp’s ~apeqfoxkpy qsbja ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs bfh 20>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

lkpgkfas xk sxk~ gaxbsxbsis& Pasxdassdy$ I lbh xk pady kf gysade xk sabpol ekp padaubfx ifekpgbxikf kf ~kssi`da oqpas& _ifoa I àdiauah xlbx —obfoap pasabpol kpijifbxah if Olifb‗ bfh gy lqs`bfh’s paokggafhah xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗$ I iggahibxady xkkc Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds& If _a~xagàp$ \'pby pasqdxs zapa sbxiseboxkpy bfh xla xqgkp sijf zafx hkzf xk 81& @kxl xla hkoxkp bfh I zapa sqp~pisah bx xlis ebox& _ifoa I lbh xpiah sauapbd kxlap gahioifas bfh sxk~~ah Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla xqgkp sijf bjbif pksa xk 89& Xk ~pauafx eqpxlap haxapikpbxikf ke gy labdxl$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds bjbif epkg Fkuagàp 08& If Mbfqbpy xlis yabp$ xla xqgkp sijf pabh 88 bjbif& Bexap xkgkjpb~ly$ xla hkoxkp zbs okfuifoah xlbx xlapa zapa fk obfoap oadds bfygkpa& _lkpxdy xlapabexap$ xla xqgkp sijf xqpfah fkpgbd& Fkz$ gy lbip lbs jpkzf `boc bfh gy ~lysiobd bfh gafxbd sxbxas lbua paxqpfah xk fkpgbd& I bdzbys xlifc xlbx lbh xlapa àaf fk Xibf \ibf dirqih kp lbh I obqjlx xla hisabsa 2> yabps àekpa$ auapyxlifj zkqdh lbua àaf hieeapafx&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 sx

Jpaax Xla 02 Oafxqpy Zixl Gy Ziea

Dbhy Ybgbfa$ 11$ Lkqsaziea$ Eqcqsligb Okqfxy

Gkhapf Gahioifa Okqdh Fkx Lad~

If Fkuagàp 2999$ gy ziea zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf hqa xk jpabx ~bif kf lap slkqdhap& Xla hkoxkp bffkqfoah xlbx xlapa zbs b xqgkp ke 2&1 og bx xla dkzap ~bpx ke lap pijlx dqfj& _ifoa ix zbs hisokuapah abpdy$ xlapa zbs fk hbfjap ke habxl ie kfdy xla xqgkp obf à pagkuah pijlx bzby& If Haoagàp$ zlida gy ziea bfh I zapa zbixifj ekp xla solahqdah k~apbxikf$ xla hkoxkp if olbpja parqasxah ga xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd bdkfa& La a|~dbifah xk ga xlbx bdxlkqjl xla ~pigbpy obfoap is sgbdd$ ix is lijldy gbdijfbfx bfh lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah xk kxlap ~bpxs ke lap `khy& Eifbddy$ la sbih xlbx gy gy ziea zkqdh à dqocy xk diua bfkxlap yabp& I zbs kuapzladgah bx xlis fazs& I zbs hb}ah bfh bdgksx ebifxah& Bexap gy ziea’s sqpjapy$ xlapa ekddkzah b sapias ke bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs& Ix lbh xk à sxk~~ah$ lkzauap$ àobqsa ke xla a|opqoibxifj ~bif sla sqeeapah& Xla hkoxkp okggisapbxah zixl qs bfh sbih xlbx auaf gkhapf gahioifa okqdh fkx lad~ skga xigas&

200



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I okqdh fkx jiua q~& I àjbf xk sabpol ekp ubpikqs cifhs ke ~pasopi~xikfs$ okddaox labdxl gbjb}ifas bfh ifekpgbxikf epkg bhuapxisagafxs if xla fazs~b~aps& I dax gy ziea xpy bdd cifhs ke gahioifas zliol za gby lbua labph ke bs aeeaoxiua& I jkx xk cfkz b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh `kqjlx xla ~pkhqox ekp gy ziea& Epkg xlaf kf$ gy ziea saagah a|ag~xah epkg xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs bfh za auaf gbfbjah xk xbca b xpi~& If ebox$ I hih fkx pauabd lap pabd okfhixikf xk gy ziea `qx kfdy bssqpah lap xlbx ix zbs xk ~pauafx eqpxlap obfoap bxxboc& Gy ziea bdsk zbixah xk saa xla aeeaoxs ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xkkc ix pajqdbpdy& _la obqjlx b xappi`da okdh if Fkuagàp dbsx yabp bfh xlis dah xk zbxap booqgqdbxikf if lap pijlx dqfj& If xla lks~ixbd$ sla okqdh fkx xbca if ekkh bfh okqdh fkx sdaa~ àobqsa ke xla ~bif kf xla ~bpx xlbx zbs k~apbxah kf& Lap `boc bdsk `kxlapah lap ifoassbfxdy bfh za lbh xk pady kfdy gkp~lifa xk sxk~ xla ~bif& Eqpxlap a|bgifbxikfs slkzah xlbx xla obfoaps oadds lbua s~pabh xk lap pi`s bfh obqsah xla okfsxbfx ~bif& _aaifj gy ziea beedioxah if sqol gbffap is b s~ipixqbd sqeeapifj àykfh lqgbf hasopi~xikf& Fkz$ za obf kfdy a|~aox Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xbca aeeaox& Ix is kfdy lk~a xlbx I sx

gby sgadd xla bip ke xla 02 oafxqpy zixl gy ziea&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ix Is Fkx Ig~kssi`da Xk Pasxkpa Diea Xk Fkpgbd Gp& Fbcbsligb$ :8$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk

B Pijlx Haoisikf Bx eipsx$ xla OX sobf kf gy olasx slkzah skgaxlifj b`fkpgbd& Ix zbs okfeipgah xk à obfoap bexap gkpa gkpa ~paoisa sxqhy& Xpabxgafx ekddkzah iggahibxady& Xlbx zbs if _a~xagàp 2999& Kf xla `qs xlbx xkkc ga xk xla lks~ixbd$ I sbz xla bhuapxisagafx ekp xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗& Bexap pabhifj xla `kkc obpaeqddy$ I haoihah xk xpy Xibf \ibf dirqih& I okfxboxah xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf bfh àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih qfhap xlaip ifsxpqoxikfs& Xzk gkfxls dbxap$ I odabpdy eadx gy sxpafjxl pajbififj& Xla sq`sarqafx a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds hih fkx jpkz& @asihas$ I lbua paokuapah gy gy b~~axixa bfh gy gy okg~da|ikf lbh xqpfah pqhhy& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx I slkqdh eaad padiauah& Xla a|bgifbxikf okfhqoxah if xla àjiffifj ke xlis yabp slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp sijf ,OAB) zbs ?9& I xlifc I obf fkz pasqga gy fkpgbd diea& Xla aeeaoxs ke Xibf \ibf dirqih zidd à gkpa kùikqs skga xiga dbxap& I zidd gbca gkpa aeekpxs bfh bx xla sbga xiga$ lk~a xlbx kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs gby booa~x Xibf \ibf&

208



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Ebgidy Gagàps’ _q~~kpx Is Xla @asx Oqpa

]lq Olafj$ 55$ Paxipah$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

Xla _kf Jbua Q~ Dabpfifj B`pkbh Ekp Ebxlap Bx eipsx$ gy lqs`bfh zbs kexaf kqx ke `pabxl zlaf odigìfj sxbips& I lbh fkx sqs~aoxah ix xk à bf ifixibd syg~xkg&

If Gby 299<$ xla hkoxkp hibjfksah xlbx gy

lqs`bfh lbh dqfj obfoap ke b dbxa sxbja& Gy lqs`bfh paoaiuah bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs `qx xla siha aeeaox dica ukgixifj zapa sk sapikqs xlbx la àjbf xk zabcaf& Zlaf la xkkc xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa if _lbfjlbi dbsx _a~xagàp$ lis okfhixikf xag~kpbpidy ig~pkuah `qx skkf haxapikpbxah bjbif& Za zapa bx b dkss zlbx xk hk `qx zapa dqocy afkqjl xk à xkdh ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& Okfuifoah xlbx ix okqdh pabddy ig~pkua xla iggqfa sysxag$ I haoihah xk ~qx gy lqs`bfh’s zadd àifj if xla obpa ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& La àjbf `y xbcifj 5 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih$ ? `kxxdas ke fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih zliol bdsk àdkfh xk xla Xibf \ibf sapias$ bfh Xibf \ibf ~bsxa& Xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ xla gahioifa xkkc aeeaox& Bdxlkqjl la zbs sxidd `pabxldass$ xla hpk~sy if lis dajs lbh absah$ xla s~aah ke ~faqgkfahagb if lis olasx sdkzah bfh xla xqgkp sijf hpk~~ah epkg 28> xk 20<&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ekp b ~bxiafx$ lis ebgidy gagàps’ gkpbd sq~~kpx is xla àsx oqpa&

Kqp skf

ifxafhah xk sxqhy b`pkbh `qx bexap lis ebxlap zbs ekqfh xk lbua obfoap$ la haoihah xk sxby lkga xk caa~ lis ebxlap okg~bfy& Gy lqs`bfh is b ~ikqs @qhhlisx bfh sifoa la eadd idd$ la lbh àaf qfb`da xk pabh bdkqh xla sopi~xqpa bs zbs lis qsqbd lbìx& Fkz$ kqp skf hkas xlis ekp lig& Bs ekp ga$ I lbua pasijfah epkg gy xabolifj ~ksx if b gihhda gihhda solkkd if kphap xk xbca obpa ke gy lqs`bfh& Xla kfdy zisl ke kqp ebgidy fkz is ekp gy lqs`bfh xk paokuap bs skkf bs ~kssi`da&

 Olbfja Xla Pqxldass ^pahioxikf Ke Habxl

Gp& Ybcasligb$ 58$ Paxipah$ Fbcbsligb

I Zbs Dqocy Afkqjl Xk Dabpf Ke Xibf \ibf Dirqih If Gy Bf|ikqs _abpol Ekp Gahioifa

If Mqdy 299<$ xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xlbx I sqeeapah epkg dqfj obfoap bfh xlbx I lbua kfdy kfa yabp xk diua$ bx gksx& I okqdh fkx booa~x sqol ebox bfh bdgksx ebifxah pijlx xlapa bfh xlaf& I zbs bx b dkss bfh zbfxah xk xpy zlbxauap cifh ke gahioifa xlbx okqdh lad~& Bexap pabhifj xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih ekqp xigas b hby bx pajqdbxah ifxapubds ~dqs Xibf \ibf ~idds& Fkz$ bdxlkqjl obfoap lbs fkx okg~daxady hisb~~abpah$ xla xqgkp sijf is dkz& @asihas$ gy sxpafjxl is `boc bfh gy gafxbd sxbxa is padb|ah& Q~ xidd fkz$ I lbua diuah ekp 205



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

kfa bfh b lbde yabps$ dkfjap xlbf zlbx xla hkoxkp ~pahioxah& I bg hadijlxah bx xlis ebox bfh àdiaua I zidd paokuap gy labdxl eqddy ~pkuihah I okfxifqa xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& I lk~a Hp& Zbfj zidd okfxifqah lis obfoap pasabpol xk ig~pkua kf zbys xk sbua bdd obfoap ~bxiafxs& Ix zbs xlpkqjl xla fazs~b~ap xlbx I jk cfkz ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh ix ~pkdkfjah gy diea ekp gkpa xlbf b yabp fkz&

 B Gkxlap Zlk Gaaxs Xla Afh Zixl Jpabx Okqpbja

Kpbd Bookqfx Ke Xla Hbqjlxap Ke Dq Xbixbi$ :5$ Paxipah$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

Jpiae Kuap Xla Dkss ke Lqs`bfh Beeaoxah Labdxl Ix lbs àaf 8 yabps sifoa Gkxlap ~bssah bzby& Fkz$ zlafauap I saa kdh kdh dbhias zixl zlixa lbip$ I paobdd gy gkxlap bs ie sla zapa sxidd zixl ga& Ix zbs if 2998 xlbx Gkxlap eadd idd& Bx xlbx xiga$ I zbs bdsk lqpx if bf booihafx bfh Gkxlap bfh gy sisxap obf xk saa ga ga if _bf Epbfoisok zlapa I diuah& Gkxlap jpiauah kuap xla habxl ke gy ebxlap$ zliol sapikqsdy beeaoxah lap labdxl& Epkg kuap 0> yabps ke a|~apiafoa if ~pkeassikfbd labdxl obpa$ I okqdh iggahibxady hisoapf xlbx skgaxlifj zbs zpkfj zixl gy gkxlap& Gkxlap hih fkx jax bfy àxxap auaf bexap b sxpaxol ke xiga& Gy adhap `pkxlap xkkc lap `boc xk Xbi~ai& Bx xlbx xiga$ sla okqjlah xappi`dy$ zliol okqdh lbua àaf hqa xk lap Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 20:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

labuy sgkcifj& _la okqdh bdsk fkx sdaa~ bx fijlx& Gkxlap zbs auafxqbddy bhgixxah ifxk xla lks~ixbd ekp xlkpkqjl a|bgifbxikf& _la okqdh fkx jk xlpkqjl bdd xla a|bgifbxikfs$ lkzauap$ àobqsa ke lap hibàxas bfh labpx hisabsa& Xla hkoxkp ifekpgah qs xlbx Gkxlap gksx dicady lbh dqfj obfoap& _ifoa sla zbs kuap :>$ xla hkoxkp xlkqjlx ix zisap fkx xk sq`maox lap xk hpbsxio xpabxgafxs qsifj zasxapf gahioifa& I edaz if epkg _bf Epbfoisok xk Xbi~ai bs skkf bs I$ gysade$ jkx ~apgissikf epkg gy hkoxkp xk xpbuad& I zbfxah xk à zixl Gkxlap if lap eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& I zbs xla xliph ke Gkxlap’s olidhpaf bfh if olidhlkkh$ I bdzbys eadx xlbx sla fauap ~bih bfy sapikqs bxxafxikf xk ga `qx ifsxabh xkkc gkpa obpa ke gy `pkxlaps bfh sisxaps& Gy dbsx eaz hbys zixl Gkxlap$ lkzauap$ zbs bf qfekpjaxxb`da gagkpy haa~dy axolah if gy gifh& I eadx okg~daxa dkua epkg Gkxlap bfh zbs auaf afuiah `y gy si`difjs&

Afmky B Digixah Diea Xk Ix*s Eqddasx _ifoa xla hkoxkp lbh jiuaf q~ kf Gkxlap$ gy adhap `pkxlap àdiauah xlbx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa zbs kqp kfdy paokqpsa& La ekqfh Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh zixl ixs qsa$ b gipboda lb~~afah&

Gkxlap’s zidd ~kzap okq~dah zixl Xibf \ibf dirqih

~pkdkfjah lap diea ekp bfkxlap 2: gkfxls& If xla afh$ sla sqp~bssah xla hkoxkp’s hipa ~pahioxikf ke xzk gkfxls& Hqpifj xlksa 2: gkfxls$ Gkxlap bfh I zapa ifsa~bpb`da ~dbffifj zlapa xk jk slk~~ifj bfh auaf edyifj kee xk Lkfj Ckfj mqsx xk sadaox b ~abpd faocdboa& @asihas$ I xpiah gy àsx xk bppbfja ekp hieeapafx ~ak~da xk bookg~bfy lap ~dby gblmkfj$ zliol zbs lap b`skdqxa ebukpixa& Xlapa zbs fk sijf ke —sapikqsdy idd ~bxiafx‗ if xla ebgidy& Xla kfdy ~pk`dag zbs xlbx Gkxlap okqdh fkx six kf xla olbip ekp dkfj& Xk pagahy xlis$ @pkxlap 20<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ag~dkyah xla sapuioas ke b gbssaqsa zlk pajqdbpdy obga xk xla lkqsa xk jiua Gkxlap b gbssbja& Kfa xiga zlaf Gkxlap zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp b ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf$ I bdsk lbh b jyfaokdkjiobd a|bg bfh b xqgkp zbs ekqfh if gy kubpy& Xla hkoxkp zbs fkx sqpa zlaxlap ix zbs gbdijfbfx kp àfijf sk bhuisah xlbx ix zbs sbeap xk lbua ix sqpjiobddy pagkuah& Gkxlap sqjjasxah$ ifsxabh$ xlbx I slkqdh hpifc 5 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih mqsx dica lap& If bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf kfa bfh b lbde gkfxls dbxap$ xla hkoxkp zbs sqp~pisah bfh ifekpgah xlbx xla xqgkp lbh hisb~~abpah sk xlbx ix zbs fk dkfjap faoassbpy xk lbua bf k~apbxikf& Gkxlap bfh I$ xlapaekpa$ xpqsxah gkpa kqp Xibf \ibf xpabxgafxs bfh fauap sxk~~ah hpifcifj ix bexapzbphs& If bfkxlap yabp$ Gkxlap zbs pa'bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd ekp kfa pabskf kp bfkxlap3 gbyà ekp lap kdh bja kp hibàxas bfh labpx hisabsa& Xlapa saagah fkxlifj adsa xk à hkfa a|oa~x xk xbca jkkh obpa ke lap& Gkxlap fauap cfaz a|boxdy zlbx lap hisabsa zbs&

Ekqp kp eiua hbys àekpa lap habxl$ sla

parqasxah xk lbua epiah oliocaf bfh solahqdah xk lbua s~bpa pi`s ekp xla ekddkzifj hby& Ix `pkca kqp labpxs xk saa lap abx sk labpxidy bfh lb~~idy àobqsa za okqdh safsa xlbx za zapa fabpifj xla afh& Gkxlap’s eifjapfbids$ zliol zapa bdzbys ~bifxah pah$ zapa qsqbddy hpy bfh xlif& Hqpifj lap dbsx hbys$ lkzauap$ xlay b~~abpah xk à ~dqg$ xafhap bfh ~paxxy& Hkoxkps bfh padbxiuas$ zlk uisixah$ qfbfigkqsdy bhgipah bfh okg~digafxah lap kf lap àbqxieqd eifjap bfh xkafbids& Gkxlap zbs rqixa lb~~y bfh sbxiseiah bfh sgidah okfsxbfxdy zixlkqx cfkzifj xlbx lap olidhpaf zapa gkqpfifj& I xkdh gy `pkxlaps bfh sisxap xk à agkxikfbddy ~pa~bpah bfh fkx dax Gkxlap à `kxlapah& Za zbfxah xk dax lap jk xlpkqjl lap dbsx gkgafxs obdgdy$ ~aboaeqddy bfh Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 209

Xla Obfoap Xapgifbxkp okfxafxahdy&

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Za sijfah bf bjpaagafx zixl xla lks~ixbd xlbx za zapa zbiuifj bdd

agapjafoy gabsqpa zlaf sla lbh xk jk& I zbpfah gy si`difjs xlbx sqol gabsqpas okqdh à opqad skgaxigas& Xlbx fijlx$ zlaf xla adaoxpkobphikjpbg slkzah ~bpbddad difas$ Gkxlap sxk~~ah `pabxlifj& I dkkcah bx Gkxlap dyifj xlapa sk sapafady zixlkqx xabps if gy ayas& Xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ Gkxlap zbs b`da xk ~pkdkfj lap diea ~aboaeqddy& Kfa okqdhf’x zisl ekp b àxxap rqbdixy ke diea" Bs ekp gysade$ xlksa dbsx hbys zixl Gkxlap zidd bdzbys à jqbphah odksady if gy gy labpx& Gkxlap$ obdg bfh zixlkqx ~bif$ sax kqx kf bfkxlap mkqpfay bfh za dax lap jk zixl ~aboa if kqp labpxs&

 Ix Is Fkx Dkfj @aekpa Paxqpfifj Xk _koiaxy

Dig Gq \if$ :0$ ^piubxa Afxap~pisa Kzfap$ Eqcqkcb Okqfxy

_i| Gkfxls Daex If Fkuagàp 2999$ I zbs xkdh I lbh dqfj obfoap& Xla hkoxkp pa~abxah qpjah ga xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd `qx I zbs xkk slkocah xk xlifc fkpgbddy& Bx xlbx xiga$ obfoap oadds zapa hibjfksah xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla dyg~l if gy olasx sk xlbx xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah xla qsa ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa ifsxabh ke k~apbxikf& Xlis zbs lkz I jkx xk cfkz Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bexap I lbh àaf xbcifj ix ekp kfa gkfxl$ xla hisabsa hih fkx dkkc bs ie ix zbs zbfifj& _kkf bexap xla faz giddaffiqg 2?>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zbs oada`pbxah$ I xpbfseappah xk bfkxlap lks~ixbd ekp a|bgifbxikf bfh xla hkoxkp zbs okfuifoah xlbx xla xqgkp if gy olasx lbh hauadk~ah xk xla ekqpxl sxbja bfh lbh xlaf s~pabh xk dyg~l fkha xlbx faixlap k~apbxikf fkp pbhibxikf xlapb~y zbs ~kssi`da& I zbs xlaf ifekpgah xlbx I gby lbua si| gkfxls xk diua& Xlkqjl I lbh jkfa xlpkqjl 8 gkfxls ke bfxi'obfoap xlapb~y bs paokggafhah$ ix zbs sxk~~ah àobqsa ke xla siha aeeaoxs& @aekpa xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx$ I dabpfah ke xla hksbja ke Xibf \ibf sapias ke ~pkhqoxs bs ifsxpqoxah `y xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf& I dkkcah xlpkqjl xla ifekpgbxikf k`xbifah bfh àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds bookphifj xk xla sxbfhbph sax `y xla Bsskoibxikf& Xla xpibd hih fkx beeaox gy pkqxifa hiax bfh$ kf xla kxlap lbfh$ gixijbxah xla siha aeeaoxs& If xla ifixibd a|bgifbxikf bexap I sxbpxah xbcifj Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs$ xla hkoxkp zbs hisàdiauifj ke xla aeeaoxs ke Xibf \ibf& La eadx xlbx qsa ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs hkas fkx fkpgbddy yiadh xla sbga cifh ke aeeaox& I zbs kf xla uapja ke xaddifj lig xlbx ix zbs hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ `qx I mqsx padislah xlis saopax bdd `y gysade& Bs xla xpabxgafx àobga gkpa eparqafx$ lkzauap$ xla siha aeeaoxs àobga gkpa ifxafsa& Bdxlkqjl sqeeapifj jpabx ~bif$ I zbs okfuifoah xlbx I zbs jkifj xk paokuap gy labdxl bfh dabua xla lks~ixbd& @aekpa I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd$ xla hkoxkp bppbfjah ekp OX sobf bfh \'pby a|bgifbxikf& \'pbys slkzah xlbx xla ~pigbpy obfoap lbh pahqoah xk bf ifhisoapfi`da hajpaa bfh obfoap if xla dyg~l fkha bdsk pahqoah if si}a& Zlaf xkdh xlbx I xkkc Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds$ xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx I zbs dqocy xlbx xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa I lbh olksaf ~pkhqoah sqol hpbgbxio aeeaoxs kf gy obfoap& I xlifc bfxi'obfoap hpqj bdkfa zbs qfdicady xk à bs aeeaoxiua& I’h

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2?2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

dica xk a|~pass gy sifoapa jpbxixqha xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& Fkz$ I bg pasxifj bx lkga bfh bg ~dbffifj xk paxqpf xk zkpc skkf& Bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds lbua fkx àaf okg~daxady apbhiobxah epkg gy `khy$ ix is fkx ifb~~pk~pibxa xk gbifxbif xlbx zixl gy ~pasafx labdxl sxbxqs$ I obf ~aboaeqddy a|isx zixl obfoap& I zidd okfxifqa xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih if xla eqxqpa bfh jk xk xla lks~ixbd ekp pajqdbp olaoc'q~s xk ~pauafx paoqppafoa ke xla hisabsa& I zbs kfoa safxafoah xk si| gkfxls `qx bg fkz bdgksx okg~daxady paokuapah& I zkqdh dica xk a|~pass gy xlbfcs$ xkk$ xk xla hkoxkp zlk paokggafhah Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ga3 gkpa$ xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ ixsade&

 Lk~a Is Bdzbys Bx Xla Fa|x Xqpf

Gp& Ybgbhb$ 82$ Afxpa~pafqap$ Oli`b Okqfxy

^dboa Bdd Lk~a Kf Xla <>! Aeeaox Gbfy yabps bjk$ gy lqs`bfh lbh lis xlypkih jdbfh pagkuah zlaf la zbs ekqfh xk lbua xlypkih jdbfh obfoap& Fifa yabps dbxap$ if B~pid 2990$ xla obfoap gaxbsxbsi}ah xk lis dqfjs$ `pbif bfh faoc& _ifoa obfoap oadds lbh s~pabh xk xla xzk dqfjs$ k~apbxikf zbs haagah ig~kssi`da& Xla hkoxkp xkdh ga hipaoxdy$ —Xlapa bpa bx gksx ? xk 8 yabps daex&‗ If 2991$ bdxlkqjl la lbh pajbifah lis sxpafjxl$ lis ukioa àobga lkbpsa3 if Ea`pqbpy 2995$ `dkkh b~~abpah if lis ~ldajg& 2?0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Zlaf gy lqs`bfh zbs if xla lks~ixbd$ I sxbpxah okfsihapifj kxlap xpabxgafxs bfh paobddah epkg `kkcs I lbua pabh àekpa b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih& I okddaoxah gkpa padaubfx ifekpgbxikf bfh àjbf xk qfhapsxbfh xla ~pkhqox& Zlaf I pabh xlbx ix lbh <> ~apoafx sqooass pbxa$ I pasxah bdd gy lk~a kf Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gy lqs`bfh okg~dbifah if hisb~~kifxgafx xlbx auaf xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa is fk qsa xk lig& I hih fkx jiua q~ xlis jdiggap ke lk~a bfh afokqpbjah lig xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih < xigas b hby& Bs b pasqdx$ lis ~lysiobd sxbxa ig~pkuah bfh la zbs skkf padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd&

 Fauap Xk Jiua Q~ Absidy

Dbhy Islicbzb$ 5:$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk

Qfb`da Xk @abp Xla Uikdafx _iha Aeeaoxs Gy ziea zbs hibjfksah zixl dqfj obfoap if Mqdy 299: bfh bf k~apbxikf okqdh fkx à ~apekpgah& Xlapa ekddkzah b sapias ke pbhibxikf bfh bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx gy ziea zkqdh kfdy diua ekp bfkxlap yabp& Bexap xla ekqpxl sxbja ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx if abpdy Koxkàp$ uikdafx siha aeeaoxs gbha lap zabc bfh qfb`da xk xkdapbxa eqpxlap xpabxgafxs& Xla obfoap oadds$ kf xla kxlap lbfh$ hih fkx hisb~~abp bfh 0>! zbs sxidd daex&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2??


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If dbxa Koxkàp$ xlapa zapa sijfs ke bfkxlap obfoap bxxboc sk pbhibxikf zbs okfxifqah& Bookphifj xla bf a|bgifbxikf hkfa if Haoagàp$ bdxlkqjl xla obfoap oadds lbh fkx àaf adigifbxah$ kfdy b slbhkz zbs daex& Gy ziea zbs xlaf bddkzah xk dabua xla lks~ixbd& If Gby 299<$ dqfj obfoap gbfieasxah bfh beeaoxah lap `pbif& _la zbs if xla lks~ixbd xk qfhapjk saokfh sxbja bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx bfh pbhibxikf kf xla `pbif& Ix zbs eifislah if dbxa Mqfa$ `qx xla obfoap oadds pagbifah if lap dqfj bfh `pbif& Okfsihapifj gy ziea’s ~lysiobd sxbxa `y xlaf$ xla hkoxkp sbih xpabxgafxs okqdh fkx dkfjap à obppiah kqx& If kxlap zkphs$ xla hkoxkp lbh jiuaf q~&

B Gipboda Zbs Boliauah Auafxqbddy" _kgalkz$ I jkx xk cfkz padaubfx ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Bexap

sxqhyifj pa~kpxs b`kqx ix$ I pabdi}ah xlbx ix gijlx à xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xlbx zkqdh à gksx aeeaoxiua xk eijlx obfoap zixl& Zlbx’s gkpa$ ix hkas fkx lbpg xla `khy" _ifoa gy ziea sqeeapah epkg ~passqpa jbsxpixis$ I dax lap xbca kfdy xzk `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby epkg dbxa Gby xk gbca sqpa xlbx xlapa zidd à fk bhuapsa aeeaox kf lap sxkgbol& If Mqfa$ sla àjbf xk hpifc 8 `kxxdas ~ap hby& Bf a|bgifbxikf if Mqdy slkzah xlbx bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds sxidd a|isxah if lap dqfj$ xlksa if xla `pbif hisb~~abpah& Epbfcdy s~abcifj$ Xibf \ibf dirqih is fkx xla kfdy gahioifa za lbua xpiah& Ekp gy ziea xk paokuap ebsx$ za `kqjlx bdgksx bdd cifhs ke labdxl ekkhs bfh gahioifa xlbx gby lbua skga cifh ke aeeaox kf obfoap& Xlasa zapa$ lkzauap$ bdd qsadass& Kfdy Xibf \ibf dirqih ~pkuah xk à xpqa xk ixs odbigs&

2?8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If xla slkpx ~apikh ke kfa gkfxl$ obfoap oadds xlbx auaf pbhibxikf okqdh fkx cidd zapa pahqoah if fqgàp `y xla ifxbca ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ix zbs sk hpbgbxio" Zlbx za obf hk is sig~dy sby xlbfc ykq&

 Ipkf'dica Zidd ^kzap

Olaf Dibfjyi$ 5>$ Uaxapbf$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

Bf Qfbooa~xb`da @dkz I bdzbys ~by bxxafxikf xk gy labdxl àobqsa if gy dkfj'xapg gidixbpy sapuioa$ bf bffqbd ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf zbs b gqsx& I ca~x xlis lbìx auaf bexap paxipagafx& If Gby 2999$ I kexaf sqeeapah epkg okdh bfh okqjl sk I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua bf \'pby ke gy olasx& Xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xlbx xlapa zbs skga b`fkpgbdixy bfh I lbh xk jk ekp gkpa olaoc'q~& Auafxqbddy$ la jbua ga b hipaox ifekpgbxikf& Ix zbs dqfj obfoap ke saokfh sxbja bfh ix zbs hauadk~ifj pb~ihdy& Ix zbs ig~apbxiua if xlis cifh ke sixqbxikf xk lbua bf k~apbxikf iggahibxady& I booa~xah xlis ebox bfh eboah xla ~pk`dag dica b jkkh skdhiap& I eadx fk eabp if gy gy labpx bfh zbs sqpa I okqdh ok~a zixl xla sixqbxikf& Qfdica kxlap ~bxiafxs$ I zbs I zlk okgekpxah gy ziea bfh gy olidhpaf& I$ xlaf$ zafx ekp xla k~apbxikf bfh booa~xah xla hkoxkp’s bhuioa xk jk xlpkqjl olagkxlapb~y& Kfa xliph ke xla dkà ke xla dqfj zbs oqx



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

kee `qx xla hkoxkp zbs fkx sqpa ke adigifbxifj xla obfoap oadds okg~daxady& okg~daxady& Olagkxlapb~y sxbpxah bs skkf bs gy sxpafjxl paokuapah& Zlida I zbs zbixifj ekp olagkxlapb~y$ gy adhasx skf labph ke Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg lis epiafhs& Ix zbs sbih xlbx xlis ~pkhqox okqdh bddauibxa xla siha aeeaoxs ke olagiobd xpabxgafx sk gy ziea bscah gy skf xk saoqpa xla ~pkhqox iggahibxady& @asihas$ gy skf sbih lis epiafh’s gkxlap bdsk sqeeapah epkg obfoap& _ifoa hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ fk siha aeeaoxs saag xk sqpeboa if xla okqpsa ke gy gy olagkxlapb~y& Gy ~afsikf$ lkzauap$ zbs kfdy afkqjl ekp kqp hbidy a|~afsas bfh xla gkfay xlbx faah xk à s~afx kf xla ~qpolbsa ke Xibf \ibf dirqih zkqdh à b labuy `qphaf kf gy skf’s ebgidy& @asihas$ I lbh sapuah if xla bpgy gy afxipa diea bfh sqpady I okqdh xkdapbxa xla ~bif ke k~apbxikf$ fkx xk gafxikf xla siha aeeaoxs ke olagiobd xpabxgafx& Xlifcifj if xlis gbffap$ I paeqsah xla cifhfass ke gy skf& Bexap xla eipsx olagkxlapb~y$ lkzauap$ I pabddy eadx sk gqol hisokgekpx& I zbs a|xpagady xipah bfh okqdh fkx abx& I lbh dbif if àh zixl fkx auaf sxpafjxl xk xqpf kuap& Hispajbphifj gy k~~ksixikf$ gy skf obddah xla Lkfj Ckfj okg~bfy xk ~dboa bf kphap ekp Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh$ bx xla sbga xiga$ jkx ifsxpqoxikfs bfh sqjjasxikfs& La xkdh gy ziea xk qpja ga xk hpifc xlis gahioifa pajqdbpdy& Xlapabexap$ xla siha aeeaoxs ke olagkxlapb~y olagkxlapb~y hisb~~abpah bfh I sqooasseqddy eifislah xla eipsx okqpsa ke olagiobd xpabxgafx zliol dbsxah ekp ? gkfxls& I okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih q~ xidd fkz bfh I jk xk xla lks~ixbd ekp pajqdbp olaoc'q~s& Fkz$ I xbca b zbdc auapy hby bfh lad~ gy ziea zixl lkqsazkpc& _kgaxigas$ I ~dby gblmkfj zixl gy epiafhs xk sxigqdbxa gy `pbif& I xlifc Xibf \ibf dirqih hkas lbua 2?5



s~aoibd aeeaoxs&

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I àdiaua xlbx bs dkfj bs I xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih pajqdbpdy bfh ~by

bxxafxikf xk xla dieasxyda I gbifxbif$ I obf okfxpkd xla obfoap oadds pagbififj if gy `khy& I obf a|isx zixl obfoap bfh dabh b fkpgbd diea& Bx sqol bf kdh bja$ ~aboaeqd diea is xla jpabxasx pazbph& I’h dica xk xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp ix lbs pabddy lad~ah ga& I xadd kxlap ~bxiafxs zlafauap I jk xk xla lks~ixbd xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih is zkpxl xpyifj&

 Ekp Gy Ebgidy’s _bca$ I _lkqdh Fkx @a Haeabxah

Dbq Zbi$ 11$ Jqbph bx b ^pigbpy _olkkd$ Lkfj Ckfj

I Xkkc Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa @alifh Xla Hkoxkp’s @boc I bg bhhioxah xk s~kpxs sk I okqdh fkx igbjifa gysade sqeeapifj epkg obfoap& If _a~xagàp 2995$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp okfsxbfx okqjlifj& Xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx I lbh dqfj obfoap& Bdxlkqjl I k`maoxah xk bf k~apbxikf$ I okqdh hk fkxlifj qfhap xla oipoqgsxbfoas& Ekqp gkfxls dbxap$ zixlkqx haxbidah a|~dbfbxikf zlbxskauap$ xla hkoxkp sxbpxah olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Xlis dah xk lbip dkss bfh zabcafah okfsxixqxikf `qx xla hkoxkp sxidd ifsisxah kf `kxl xlapb~ias& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy skf lb~~afah xk booass ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih if xla Ifxapfax bfh qpjah ga xk xbca ix& I hih fkx k~~ksa xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa `qx xla hkoxkp if olbpja kfdy àdiauah if zasxapf gahioifa sk I lbh xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih àlifh lis `boc& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2?:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bexap I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ gy sxbgifb ig~pkuah bfh gy lbip jpaz `boc& If ebox$ xla hkoxkp zbs bdpabhy sqs~aoxifj xlbx I zbs xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih `qx la zkqdh fkx bhgix xlbx xlis xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa okqdh à sk aeeaoxiua& La zkqdh pbxlap opahix gy ~pkjpass xk xla aeeaoxs ke olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf xpabxgafx&

Okgìfbxikf Ke Olifasa Bfh Zasxapf Gahioifa Gqsx @a Xla @asx Oqpa _ifoa I àjbf xk qsa Xibf \ibf ~bsxa if Mqfa 299<$ hpbgbxio aeeaoxs lbh àaf boliauah& Fk kfdy lbh xla xqgkp if gy dqfj slpqfc$ `qx gy ~lysiobd sxbxa bdsk ig~pkuah b jpabx habd& I auaf pasqgah zkpcifj& @aobqsa ke xla ~bif bexap xla k~apbxikf$ I b~~diah Xibf \ibf ~bsxa xk padiaua xla ~bif& Bs b pasqdx$ I kfdy eadx ~iapoifj ~bif pbfhkgdy& Dbxap$ xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xla xqgkp zbs `pkqjlx qfhap okfxpkd bfh ix zbs kfdy faoassbpy xk lbua bf a|bgifbxikf kfoa b gkfxl& Xla olagkxlapb~y zbs dicazisa sxk~~ah& If kphap xk gbifxbif gy zaijlx bfh labdxl$ I zafx xk xla Xibf \ibf bjafoy fkx ebp epkg gy lkga xk dabpf gkpa b`kqx paokggafhah hiax& Jafapbddy$ I’h dica xk xpy bfyxlifj xlbx gijlx lad~ oqpa xlis iddfass& Bx xla sbga xiga$ xla pas~kfsiìdixy ke ~pkuihifj ekp gy ebgidy bfh gy safsa ke k`dijbxikf xkzbphs xlag jiua ga a|xpb paskdua xk sqpuiua& I bg dqocy afkqjl xk à sbuah `y Xibf \ibf dirqih& I xlifc xlbx Olifasa ~ak~da kpijifbddy hih fkx hisopigifbxa bjbifsx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa&

Ie ix obf à

okgìfah aeeaoxiuady bfh àfaeioibddy zixl zasxapf gahioifa$ xlaf$ gkpa diuas obf à sbuah&

2?<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Kfdy Zlaf I Eadd Idd Hih I Pabdi}a Xlbx Labdxl Is Labuaf Zbfj ]lkqlkfj$ 5?$ _lk~ Kzfap$ Gbdbysib

K~apbxikf Obffkx @a Ekpgah Bx Kdh Bja Xbcifj laah ke ~q`dio labdxl ifsxixqxikfs’ pa~abxah obdds ekp safikp oixi}afs xk lbua pajqdbp ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf$ I sq`gixxah gysade xk \'pby a|bgifbxikf if Gbpol 299:& B slbhkz b~~abpah if gy daex dqfj bfh zbs hibjfksah bs dqfj obfoap& Xla xqgkp$ bdxlkqjl àfijf$ gabsqpah 5 og | 0 og& Ix zbs kfdy xlpkqjl gkpa okg~diobxah xasxs xlbx ix okqdh à haoihah zlaxlap bf k~apbxikf zkqdh à faoassbpy& Hqa xk gy kdh bja$ lkzauap$ xla hkoxkp eifbddy k~xah ekp xpabxgafx zixl gahioifa& If Gby$ gy skf ekqfh ifekpgbxikf if xla Ifxapfax xlbx Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk$ a|~apx kf xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa bjbifsx obfoap$ zkqdh à gbcifj b hibjfksxio xpi~ xk Gbdbysib bfh xpabx ~bxiafxs epaa ke olbpja& Gy skf okfxboxah Hp& Zbfj xlpkqjl b epiafh bfh Hp& Zbfj iggahibxady hibjfksah gy beedioxikf bs dqfj obfoap$ La ifsxpqoxah ga xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh Xibf \ibf ~bsxa ekp kfa okqpsa ke xpabxgafx ,kfa gkfxl)& Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ gy \'pby pasqdx slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp slpqfc xk lbde si}a& Xlis zbs àykfh kqp a|~aoxbxikf"



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf kf Koxkàp 01$ xla hkoxkp xkdh qs xlbx xla \'pby ~ioxqpa slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp hisb~~abpah okg~daxady& Labpifj xlis fazs$ I zbs kuapmkyah& Ix zbs zixl xla lad~ ke Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I zbs b`da xk asob~a epkg xpagafhkqs ~bif& Fkz$ bdxlkqjl xla xqgkp is jkfa$ I okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bx pahqoah hksbja xk ~pauafx paoqppafoa& Xla paoafx gahiobd gahiobd ~pkjfksis is xlbx auapyxlifj is fkpgbd& Gy b~~axixa is `boc bfh I lbua àokga gkpa afapjaxio&

 Padisl Xla Lb~~ifass If Qxxapifj Zkphs Bjbif

Cbf Gqcczqf$ 18$ Eipaeijlxap$ Lkfj Ckfj

Dbsx B~pid$ I eadx a|xpagady xipah sk I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp b olaoc'q~& \'pbys slkzah xlbx I lbh dqfj obfoap& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx bf k~apbxikf gqsx à ~apekpgah pijlx bzby& Xla ~bif if gy dqfj hih fkx hisb~~abp$ lkzauap$ auaf bexap xla k~apbxikf& Xla hkoxkp odbigah xlbx xla k~apbxikf gby lbua beeaoxah gy pi`s zliol zbs fkz obqsifj xla ~bif& _auaf gkfxls dbxap$ I okqdh fkx auaf qxxap b skqfh& I zbs pqslah xk xla lks~ixbd bfh xla xqgkp zbs ekqfh xk à ~passifj kf gy ukobd okph$ obqsifj xla dkss ke skqfh& If kxlap zkphs$ obfoap zbs `boc zixl b uafjabfoa& Xla hkoxkp okqdh fk dkfjap hk bfyxlifj a|oa~x xk ~pasopià uixbgifs& Bx xlbx xiga$ I pagagàpah labpifj b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh àjbf xk xbca ix& If dass xlbf kfa gkfxl$ I pajbifah gy ukobd ~pkzass& Zlaf I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd$ xla 28>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hkoxkp pauabdah xlbx xla xqgkp if xla dyg~l lbh hisb~~abpah bfh xla skqfh if gy dqfj zbs fk dkfjap qfodabp& I zbs if jkkh okfhixikf&





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Diuap Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

 Odig` Epkg Xla Ubdday Ke Has~bip

Gp& Cihk$ 55$ Pas~kfsi`da âpskffad ke b Okg~bfy$ Ksbcb

^dboa Bdd Lk~a Kf Xla Fazasx Pbhibxikf Xpabxgafx

Gy diuap lbh fauap eqfoxikfah zadd if kuap 0> yabps bfh I xbca gahioifa ~pasopiàh `y xla hkoxkp& I zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg O xy~a la~bxixis bfh paoaiuah xpabxgafx ke sxigqdbfx& Xzk yabps dbxap$ hbxb slkzah xlbx xla hisabsa zbs `pkqjlx qfhap okfxpkd bfh I zbs padiauah& Xla hisabsa haxapikpbxah sqhhafdy$ lkzauap$ bfh lbh hauadk~ah ifxk obfoap& Bexap qfhapjkifj diuap bpxapy ag`kdisg if Mqdy 299<$ I zbs bdgksx oqpah& Fauapxladass$ obfoap oadds zapa ekqfh fabp xla ~kpxbd uaif& ag`kdisg zbs ~apekpgah$ `qx xlis xiga$ ix zbs if ubif&

Bfkxlap diuap bpxapy

If sabpol ke gkpa padib`da

xpabxgafx$ I zbs xkdh `y skgakfa xlbx xla Xkcyk Qfiuapsixy lks~ixbd zbs obppyifj kqx xla dbxasx —pbhik xpabxgafx‗ bfh ix afxbidah safhifj kqx pbhikboxiua zbuas epkg xla xk~ ke b

280



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

faahda xlpkqjl xla zbuadafjxl ke GIOPK zbua& I obf bx kfoa cidd obfoap oadds ? xigas gkpa xlbf àekpa&

I iggahibxady xkkc b xpi~ xk xla lks~ixbd xk xpy bfh paoaiua xlis

xpabxgafx& Xla lks~ixbd gafxikfah$ lkzauap$ is b pasabpol ifsxixqxa xlbx hih fkx okfsihap xpabxifj ~bxiafxs bs ixs gbif eqfoxikf& ^bxiafxs zlk xpbuadah dkfj hisxbfoas xk jax xlapa zapa paeappah xk kxlap padaubfx lks~ixbds kf xla jpkqfh xlbx xlapa zapa fkx afkqjl àhs& I zbixah sauapbd gkfxls xk jax ifxk xla ~pkjpbg kfdy xk à xkdh xlbx gy hisabsa zbs àykfh oqpa& Bx xlbx xiga$ xla xqgkp lbh bdpabhy ifubhah xla ~kpxbd uaif bfh s~pabh xk xlpaa dyg~l jdbfhs& Xla dyg~l fkha szaddah xk ? xk 8 og& Faixlap k~apbxikf fkp pbhikboxiua zbua kp pbhibxikf zkpcah" I lbh bscah xla hkoxkp zlaxlap gy gy sixqbxikf zbs pabddy lk~adass&

La okdh'

`dkkhahdy okqfxapah xlbx auapy`khy hias bx skga ~kifx bfh xlbx auaf xlkqjl k~apbxikf obf sxidd à ~apekpgah kf gy obsa$ ix zbs àxxap ekp ga xk jk lkga bfh ~pby& La bhhah xlbx I obf okfsihap pbhibxikf xlapb~y `qx xlbx I slkqdh fkx à xkk k~xigisxio& Has~bip àykfh hasopi~xikf sqhhafdy kuapzladgah ga& ga& I okqdh kfdy jdbpa bx xla hkoxkp ekp lis `pqsrqa gbffap& Xlbx fijlx$ gy xabps edkzah xlpkqjl xla zlkda fijlx bfh I okqdh fkx k~af gy ayas if xla sq`sarqafx hbys bfh fijlxs& Fqpsas cifhdy sqjjasxah ekp ga xk xbca b zbdc bpkqfh Xkcyk& —@a k~af'gifhah& Ykq bpa if Xkcyk& Xbca b zbdc&‗ Xlqs$ gy ziea bfh I hisobphah kqp zkppias xag~kpbpidy bfh afmkyah xla ~dabsqpa ke slk~~ifj&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Lk~a Agapjah Epkg Xla Hbpcfass Gbyà xla xkqp ke Xkcyk padiauah ga ke gy zkppias$ I ekqfh gysade gqol obdgap xk okfsihap zlbx xla hkoxkp sbih&

Eifbddy$ I haoihah xk saac pbhibxikf xpabxgafx&

Qfa|~aoxahdy$ xla hkoxkps epkg xla hieeapafx ha~bpxgafxs ke xla lks~ixbd jbua ga hieeapafx k~ifikfs& Kfa xkdh ga xlbx gy hisabsa zbs fkx ebxbd bfh xlbx I faah fkx zkppy& Xla faz pbhibxikf xpabxgafx zbs okfxpkddah `y okg~qxap bfh kfdy zkpcah kf obfoap oadds& Xla siha aeeaoxs zapa fkx bs uikdafx bs àekpa& Zlbx zbs gksx a|oixifj zbs xlbx xlay cfaz ke bfkxlap lks~ixbd keeapifj xla sbga xpabxgafxs if xla Jqbf|i bpab bfh xlbx xlay zkqdh lbua ga xpbfseappah xlapa& If Fkuagàp 2999$ I paoaiuah pbhibxikf xpabxgafx 01 xigas& If Mbfqbpy 0>>>$ I lbh bf ag`kdisg xpabxgafx ekp xla fazdy ekqfh xqgkp if gy diuap& Ix zbs bx xlis xiga xlbx I sxbpxah gy Xibf \ibf dirqih pajigaf& I xlkqjlx xlbx auaf ie zasxapf gahioifa okqdh oqpa obfoap$ xla siha aeeaoxs zkqdh sxidd cidd ga ie gy iggqfa sysxag is fkx sxpkfj afkqjl& _k I ~dboah bdd gy lk~a kf Xibf \ibf dirqih& Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ xla xqgkps bx xla ~kpxbd uaif$ xlpaa dyg~l jdbfhs bfh xla diuap zapa zi~ah kqx& Xla hkoxkp$ ligsade$ bscah ga ga if sqp~pisa$ —Lkz hih xlay hisb~~abp;‗ Ix zbs sk ifopahi`da bfh I hih fkx cfkz zlbx xk sby& B sq`sarqafx a|bgifbxikf slkzah sgbdd si}ah obfoap xqgkp if xla dqfj& Xla hkoxkp bssqpah ga$ xlkqjl$ xlbx pbhibxikf okqdh haeifixady àbx xlis& I eadx sk padiuah bdxlkqjl I cfaz xlbx ix is kfdy àobqsa ke Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I okqdh okfxifqa xk haeabx obfoap& I zbs kfoa xlpkzf ifxk jpabx has~bip$ `qx I bg okfuifoah xlbx I bg xk odig` kqx ke xla `kxxkg ke xla ubdday kfa hby&

288



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Lkz Mkyeqd Ix Is Xk Diua B âboaeqd Diea

Gp& Cigqpb$ 19$ Paxipah$ Ybgbcqoli Okqfxy

I Haoihah Xk Eijlx Bjbifsx Obfoap Xidd Xla Dbsx Gkgafx Ke Gy Diea Ix zbs kuap 2> yabps sifoa obfoap oadds zapa ekqfh if gy gy diuap& Bx xlbx xiga$ ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf pauabdah xlbx gy diuap eqfoxikf zbs fkx xkk aeeioiafx& Kfa yabp dbxap$ if 29<9$ kf xla hby zlaf Ag~apkp ]lbk ~bssah bzby$ I zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg oipplksis& _ifoa bf k~apbxikf zkqdh lbua àaf hieeioqdx$ I ifsxabh zafx xlpkqjl diuap bpxapy ag`kdisg lbde b yabp dbxap& If Fkuagàp xlbx yabp$ obfoap zbs ekqfh if gy sxkgbol& Xla k~apbxikf xlbx ekddkzah pagkuah gy sxkgbol bfh jbdd`dbhhap& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy ziea ca~x xla xpqxl epkg ga& _la lih lap xpagafhkqs jpiae bfh boxiuady xkkc ~bpx if jbxlapifjs ekp obfoap ~bxiafxs& _la bubidah ke bdd padaubfx ifekpgbxikf bfh `kpa xla ~pk`dags `y lapsade& Xzk yabps dbxap$ gy gy ziea eifbddy pauabdah gy gy pabd okfhixikf xk ga& _ifoa I zbs xk à sq`maoxah xk axlbfkd ifmaoxikf xpabxgafx$ sla lbh xk xadd ga xla eboxs ekp sla cfaz xlbx I zkqdhf’x à b`da xk jk xlpkqjl xlis sqeeapifj zixlkqx cfkzifj zly& Xlis ~pkoahqpa parqipah b 20'og'dkfj oydifhap xk à ifsapxah if gy `khy& Xla ~bif zbs a|opqoibxifjdy àykfh bfy zkphs& Gqol sxpafjxl zbs bdsk parqipah if qfhapjkifj sqol ~pkoahqpa& Gy ziea$ xlapaekpa$ xlkqjlx ix kfdy ebip xlbx I slkqdh cfkz xla xpqxl& Epbfcdy s~abcifj$ bexap labpifj xla eboxs$ I eadx hbpcfass sqhhafdy afuadk~ ga& Lkz obf I àdiaua ix; Zlaf I xlkqjlx b`kqx gy ziea àbpifj sk gqol ~passqpa bfh ~bif Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 281


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bdkfa xlpkqjl xlis dkfj ~apikh$ I haoihah xlbx I okqdh fkx à hagkpbdi}ah& Ekp gy ziea$ bfh ebgidy gagàps$ I gqsx haeabx obfoap&

Jkifj Xlpkqjl Xla Xkpxqpa Ke Dkfj'Xapg Xpabxgafx Epkg xlaf kf$ I lbh qfhapjkfa axlbfkd ifmaoxikf xpabxgafx 0> xigas ~ap yabp bfh epkg 2999 kfzbphs$ xla xpabxgafxs zapa pahqoah xk 9 xigas ~ap yabp& Gy sxpafjxl zbs xkxbddy okfsqgah `y xlis ~bifeqd ~pkoahqpa& Qfàdiaub`dy$ I hih fkx dksa gy b~~axixa bfh gy paokuapy zbs rqixa sbxiseboxkpy& If B~pid 2999$ I jkx xk cfkz Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk& Gy ziea okddaoxah bdd cifhs ke fazs pa~kpxs$ gbjb}ifas bfh `kkcs b`kqx obfoap$ if zliol sla ekqfh Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xla xqgkp bx xlbx xiga gabsqpah 5 og$ faixlap pahqoifj fkp jpkzifj& Bdxlkqjl ix obqsah diuap afoa~lbdixis dbsx yabp$ xla hisabsa skkf oqpah ixsade& Gy b~~axixa bfh sdaa~ zapa fk hieeapafx epkg fkpgbd ~ak~da& Gy ziea sbih xlbx bdgksx bdd xla obfoap ~bxiafxs za gax if xla lks~ixbd lbua hiah epkg obfoap paoqppafoa eiua yabps dbxap& Kf xla kxlap lbfh$ xla hkoxkp hih ~pahiox uapy sdijlx olbfoa ke oqpa ekp ga& Fkz$ I bg fkx kfdy rqixa fig`da if boxikf `qx I caa~ b fkpgbd diea& I lbua diuah 2> yabps sifoa jaxxifj lix zixl obfoap bfh I obf’x lad~ eaadifj jpbxaeqd& Olapislifj xla xlkqjlx ke xkxbd oqpa$ oqpa$ I caa~ kf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih q~ xk fkz& Zlida diuifj zixl obfoap$ I gbca sqpa xlbx afmky diea xk gy labpx’s okfxafx& I qsqbddy disxaf xk xla pbhik$ zbdc zixl gy hkj$ jpkz uajaxb`da$ gbifxbif gy ifxapasx bfh diua ~aboaeqddy zixl gy ebgidy& Gbyà xla ~pifoi~da ke —a|isxifj ~aboaeqddy zixl obfoap‗ obf à pabddy b~~diah xk xla eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& 285



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Eboa Hisabsa Zixl Xla Zidd'^kzap Faahah If Odigìfj Gkqfxbifs

Gp& Lkpicqoli$ :>$ Ag~dkyaa$ Jqfgb Okqfxy

_qsxbif Xla Zidd'^kzap Zixl Xla Hasipa Xk Odig` B Gkqfxbif I kpijifbddy sqeeapah epkg O xy~a la~bxixis bfh paoaiuah ifmaoxikf xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd kfoa b zaac& Xla hisabsa hih fkx lbua bfy ifedqafoa kf gy hbidy diea bfh I zkpcah bs qsqbd& If gy s~bpa xiga$ I dica xk xbca ~lkxks ke àbqxieqd gkqfxbif soafapy kp afjbja if jbphafifj& I bdsk zafx xk jyg pajqdbpdy xk gbifxbif gy gy gqsoqdbp sxpafjxl bs gy kfa ~bssikf if diea zbs gkqfxbif gkqfxbif odigìfj&

If ebox$ I lbh kfoa jkfa gkqfxbif

odigìfj if xla zifxap$ b ebox kxlap ~ak~da xk à ekkdisl `qx I dicah xla olbddafja& Dbsx Mqfa$ lkzauap$ I eadx sdijlx hisokgekpx bfh mqsx xk à sqpa$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf& I zbs xlaf ekqfh xk lbua diuap obfoap bfh xla obfoap oadds lbh pabolah xk xla ~kpxbd uaif sk gqol sk xlbx bf k~apbxikf okqdh fk dkfjap à ~apekpgah& Auaf olagkxlapb~y hih fkx lad~& Epqsxpbxah$ xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xlbx I okqdh diua ekp mqsx xlpaa gkpa gkfxls& _lkpx bs ix zbs$ I sxidd xlkqjlx bx dabsx I lbh xlbx& Xlapa zbs b faz xpabxgafx hauadk~ah bx xlbx xiga `y xla gahiobd ifsxixqxa ke Miq Diq Gi Qfiuapsixy& Ix ifukduah ifsapxifj b hqox epkg xla ifsiha ~bpx ke xla xlijl bfh zixl bfxi'obfoap hpqjs ifmaoxah si| lkqps b hby&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Zixl xla zisl xk jiua ix b xpy$ I xkdh xla hkoxkp xk ~qx ga qfhap zlbxauap ~pkjpbg xlbx gijlx ~pkua aeeaoxiua& I ~dabhah ekp lad~ xlbx I gby paokuap gy labdxl xlpkqjl gkhapf gahiobd gabfs& Bx dabsx$ I zkqdh à b`da xk odig` gkqfxbifs bjbif&

@pabc Xla ^pahioxikf Ke Xlpaa Gkfxls’ Diea _ifoa cfkzifj ke gy hisabsa$ gy ziea bfh I àjbf xk pabh fqgapkqs `kkcs padaubfx xk obfoap& Zlaxlap gahioifa kp labdxl ekkh$ I xpiah xlag bs dkfj bs ix zbs sbih xk à aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap& Dbxap$ za jkx xk pabh b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih if xla fazs~b~aps& Bx eipsx$ I zbs sca~xiobd b`kqx ixs odbigs bs za lbh bdpabhy jkfa xlpkqjl sk gbfy qsaeqd gahiobxikfs& Xla gkpa I qfhapsxkkh xla ~pkhqox$ xla gkpa I pabdi}ah xlbx xlis gqsx à xla gahioifa I lbh àaf lk~ifj ekp& Gy ziea bdsk afokqpbjah ga fkx xk jiua q~ lk~a ke oqpa& I àjbf xk xbca ? kp 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby bfh ? Xibf \ibf ~idds bexap abol gabd& If b`kqx kfa gkfxl$ xla lks~ixbd xpabxgafx pbf ixs okqpsa bfh I zbs bddkzah xk dabua& Xla sijf ke paokuapy zbs gqol odabpap fkz& I zbs parqipah xk sq`gix xk bf a|bgifbxikf auapy xzk zaacs bfh zlida I sxidd okfxifqah xk xbca bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ I dicazisa ~qpsqah gy qsa ke xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds& I$ zlk lbh àaf safxafoah xk kfdy xlpaa gkfxls’ diea$ diuah xlpkqjl xla xlpaa gkfxls if ~aboa bfh zixlkqx ~bif& I auaf jkx xk oada`pbxa lb~~idy bfh `kisxapkqsdy xla faz yabp zixl gy ebgidy& âplb~s$ hqa xk gy kdh bja$ gy pasisxbfoa xk hisabsa bfh bìdixy ekp paokuapy lbh àaf jpabxdy lbg~apah& Xla bexap aeeaoxs ke xla k~apbxikf dah xk gbfy ifokfuafiafoas if gy diea bfh lbh gbha ga qfokgekpxb`da&

28<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If Mbfqbpy 0>>>$ I zbs bjbif bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua xla ~pauikqs hqox ~qddah kqx bfh b faz kfa ifsapxah& Zlaf pbhikjpb~ly hpqj zbs ifmaoxah xk slkz xla sxbxa ke gy diuap$ xla hkoxkp ig~qdsiuady a|odbigah xlbx eaz ~ak~da okqdh lbua sqol b rqioc paokuapy bs gysade& Labpifj xlis zlida dyifj kf xla k~apbxifj xb`da$ I `pabxl b sijl ke xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& If Ea`pqbpy gy AOLK a|bg hih fkx eifh bfy xpboa ke obfoap& GPI bfh OX sobfs bdsk okfeipgah xla sbga pasqdx& Gy lb~~ifass zbs àykfh hasopi~xikf& Ke okqpsa$ ix lbs fkx àaf gbha odabp zlaxlap xla okgìfbxikf ke gkhapf zasxapf gahioifa bfh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa is okppaox$ `qx I bg sqpa xlbx ix is hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I zbs b`da xk haeabx obfoap& _k$ ie ykqp ebgidy gagàps$ epiafhs kp borqbifxbfoas bpa beedioxah zixl obfoap$ ~dabsa paokggafh Xibf \ibf dirqih xk lig kp lap$ xlbx xlapa gby à lk~a bfh b àbqxieqd eqxqpa ekp xlag&

 Fauap Xk Booa~x Ebidqpa

Dbhy _bzbhb$ ::$ Lkqsaziea$ @ykjk Okqfxy

Xbca _xpafjxl If Hbidy Boxiuixias I qfhapzafx bf k~apbxikf ekp `pabsx obfoap 2> yabps bjk bfh lbh pajqdbp olaoc' q~s xzioa b yabp&

If xla sqggap ke 299:$ obfoap zbs ekqfh if gy gy diuap&

Bfkxlap

k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah bfh axlbfkd ifmaoxikf xpabxgafx zbs okggafoah okgìfah zixl Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 289


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bfxi'obfoap hpqj& Hqa xk xla uikdafx siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ I dksx gy b~~axixa bfh okqdh fkx abp ekp fabpdy ? gkfxls& Xpabxgafx lbh xk à sxk~~ah& Bx xlbx xiga$ b padbxiua ifxpkhqoah ga xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& I lbh xlkqjlx xlbx bdd gahioifas xbsxah xappi`da `qx is zbs fk if xlis ifsxbfoa& I lbh fk hieeioqdxy if xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bx bdd& I eipsx xkkc 0 `kxxdas auapy hby& Dbxap$ if xla lk~a ke xpijjapifj b rqioc paokuapy$ I hpbfc 5 `kxxdas ke xla dirqih abol hby& Bs a|~aoxah$ xla pbhibxikf a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla slbhkz if gy diuap hisb~~abpah bfh `dkkh xasx bdsk uapieiah xla sbga& I paoaiuah bfxi'obfoap hpqj ifmaoxikf xzioa b gkfxl zlida hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih auapyhby& I eadx fk aeeaox epkg xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj bfh afmkyah hadioikqs ekkh& Hqpifj xla dbxxap ~bpx ke gy lks~ixbd sxby$ gy labpxy b~~axixa bfh pasxeqd sdaa~ bgqsah auaf xla fqpsa& I zbs xlaf hpifcifj 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby xk ~pauafx bfkxlap obfoap bxxboc bfh ~dbffah xk okfxifqa xlis pajigaf if xla eqxqpa& I bg ig~axqkqs `y fbxqpa bfh I bg fkx zkppiah b`kqx obxolifj xla hisabsa& I hk caa~ gysade `qsy sk xlbx I zidd ekpjax xlis haìdixbxifj a|~apiafoa& I lbua fkz padajbxah bdd lkqsazkpc xk gy skf bfh hbqjlxap'if'dbz& I s~afh auapy hby bs qsqbd& Xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp lad~ifj ga xk paxqpf xk diua bfh padiauah ga ke xla zkppy ke xlis hisabsa& Fkz$ I slbpa gy lb~~ifass zixl gy ebgidy& Ie bscah lkz I zbs b`da xk haeabx sqol b gkfsxap hisabsa$ I xlifc fkx booa~xifj ebidqpa zbs xla saopax ke gy eijlx bjbifsx obfoap&

21>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Xpag`difj Zixl Kfdy Xla Zisl Ekp Paokuapy Gp& _ligbhb$51$ Ag~dkyaa$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

Fajdijafoa Dah Xk Hisbsxap I lbua xla `qidx ke bf bxldaxa$ afmky ~dbyifj `bsa`bdd bfh xbca ~piha if gy sxpafjxl& Bx 1> yabps kdh$ lkzauap$ xla eqfoxikf ke gy labpx zabcafah bfh paxqpfah xk fkpgbd kfdy bexap xpabxgafx& If Bqxqgf 299<$ gy `kzad gkuagafx gkuagafx zbs fkx pajqdbp bfh auaf `dkkhy& I eadx sb~~ah ke gy sxpafjxl bfh gy gkkh zbs zkpsa& If Ea`pqbpy xla ekddkzifj yabp$ I zbs ekqfh xk lbua paoxbd obfoap bfh qfhapzafx bf k~apbxikf& Xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah ubooifa `qx qfekpxqfbxady$ hqa xk ~apskffad paslqeeda bx xlbx lks~ixbd$ bhgifisxpbxikf ke sqol ubooifa zbs hadbyah ekp kfa gkfxl& Kfa zaac bexap I lbh sqol ifmaoxikf$ xla hkoxkp ga xlbx xla obfoap oadds lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah xk gy dqfj bfh diuap& I zafx xlpkqjl sqpjapy kf gy dqfj bfh bfxi'obfoap hpqj zbs ifmaoxah ifxk gy diuap& I lbh a|~aoxah fkx xk sqeeap xla ~bif ke k~apbxikf `qx if xla ebox ke xlis hisabsa$ xlapa zbs fkxlifj adsa xk hk `qx xk okqpbjakqsdy jk xlpkqjl xla paokggafhah xpabxgafx& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy skf safx Xibf \ibf dirqih$ Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh padaubfx ifekpgbxikf bfh I àjbf xk xbca xla ~pkhqox& Xzk zaacs dbxap$ I zbs ~apgixxah xk jk lkga& I obqjlx hibpplab kqx ke fajdijafoa bfh a|~apiafoah okfxifqkqs ukgixifj sk xlbx I lbh xk à bhgixxah ifxk xla lks~ixbd bjbif& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 212


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I lbh edbxqdafoa if gy àddy sk hpi~'eaahifj zbs bhgifisxapah& If kphap xk haeabx obfoap$ I xbqjlx gysade xk ~by gkpa bxxafxikf xk xla gifqxa haxbids bs I zidd fkx dbsx dkfj ie I caa~ kf àifj obpadass& Xla xpabxgafx kf gy gy diuap àjbf slkpxdy& B hqox zbs ifsapxah ifxk xla diuap bfh bfxi'obfoap hpqj zbs ifmaoxah& _qp~pisifjdy$ I zbs fauap `kxlapah `y xla siha aeeaoxs& I kfdy eadx skgazlbx xipah bfh sdaa~y$ sdijlxdy lkx bdd kuap gy `khy bfh b dixxda skqp if gy gkqxl& I àdiauah ix lbh àaf xlpkqjl xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xla Gbpqybgb ubooifa xlbx I lbh `paa}ah xlpkqjl xla ~pkoahqpa& I eadx afapjaxio skkf bexap bfh kfa gkfxl dbxap$ xla hkoxkp zbs b`da xk k~apbxa kf gy dqfj& \'pby olaoc àekpa xla k~apbxikf slkzah xlbx xzk xqgkps ke hieeapafoa si}as jpaz if gy daex dqfj& Hqpifj xla k~apbxikf$ kfdy xla ìjjap xqgkp zbs ekqfh bfh pagkuah zlida xla sgbddap kfa hisb~~abpah& I zbs gkpa gkpa okfuifoah xlaf xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Gbpqybgb ubooifa adigifbxah xlis& Bexap bfkxlap bfxi'obfoap hpqj ifmaoxikf xk xla diuap$ xla xpabxgafx xlbx dbsxah ekp 2>> hbys zbs eifbddy eifislah& Epkg xla xiga I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd q~ xidd fkz$ I okfxifqa xk xbca xzk `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh si| Xibf \ibf ~idds ~ap hby bfh Gbpqybgb ubooifa auapy kxlap hby& Xla hkoxkp kfoa xkdh gy ziea xlbx xlapa zbs fk lk~a ekp ga& @qx fkz$ fkx kfdy lbua I pajbifah gy zaijlx$ I obf bdsk afjbja if sig~da s~kpxs dica zbdcifj$ gkqfxbif odigìfj bfh jkde& I okqdh bdsk obppy kqx dijlx zkpc if xla keeioa& I bg$ ifhaah$ sdkzdy jaxxifj `boc xk gy fkpgbd diea& Gy rqioc paokuapy is fkx kfdy kzah xk gy ziea$ bdd xla padbxiuas bfh epiafhs zlk lbh àaf sk sq~~kpxiua if gy gy lkqp ke has~bip bfh qfoapxbifxy& Gksx ke bdd$ I kza gy diea xk Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk$ ifuafxkp ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xlbfc ykq bdd& 210



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Fauap Dax Ebxlap Hia Ke Obfoap

Gp& Kisli$ 58$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

Xla Zlkda Ebgidy Zbs Xlpkzf If Jpabx _kppkz Kf xla gkpfifj ke Koxkàp 0$ 2999$ gy ebxlap sqhhafdy eadx idd bfh ukgixah b `bsif ke `dkkh& La zbs pqslah xk xla lks~ixbd bfh zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg sxkgbol obfoap$ zliol lbh bdpabhy gaxbsxbsi}ah xk lis diuap bfh hauadk~ah ifxk xla ekqpxl sxbja& Xlapa zbs kfdy kfa yabp xk diua" Bexap lis zlkda sxkgbol zbs pagkuah$ ix zbs ekqfh xlbx xla xqgkp if xla oafxap ke lis diuap lbh jpkzf xk : og bfh xla xzk sgbdd kfas bx xla sihas gabsqpah gabsqpah 0 og abol& Bdd xla xqgkps okqdh fkx à pagkuah auaf sqpjiobddy& Ix saagah bs ie xla zlkda ebgidy zbs xlpkzf ifxk xla `kxxkg ke b haa~ ~ix& Kqp gifhs zapa xkxbddy `dbfc bfh xla kfdy k`sassikf zbs xlbx za obffkx dax Ebxlap hia ke obfoap& Bhuapxisagafxs if xla fazs~b~aps fauap ifxapasxah ga àekpa$ `qx xlis xiga$ I fkxioah xla bhuapxisagafxs ekp Xibf \ibf dirqih if gy sabpol ekp ~kssi`da oqpa& I jkx xla `kkcs b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih bs bhuapxisah if xla fazs~b~aps& Bexap pabhifj$ I jbifah okfeihafoa if xla ~pkhqox bfh `kqjlx skga ekp Ebxlap xk xpy& Ebxlap lbh okfxifqkqs lijl eauap xla zaac bexap lis eipsx k~apbxikf bfh la dksx lis b~~axixa sk gqol sk xlbx lis zaijlx hpk~~ah 2> cj& Zlaf xla eauap sq`sihah$ I qpjah Ebxlap xk hpifc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih& If hkq`x$ Ebxlap sxidd àjbf xk xbca 5 `kxxdas ke Xibf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 21?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

\ibf dirqih auapy hby& Lis a|opaxikf sxbpxah xk ig~pkua bfh la jpbhqbddy pajbifah lis uijkp& Ebxlap zbs fkz afokqpbjah xk okfxifqa xbcifj xla Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ix zbs kpijifbddy paokggafhah xlbx Ebxlap xbca bfxi'obfoap hpqjs bexap lis sxpafjxl sxbìdi}ah&

If xiga ekp xla okgifj ke xla Faz Yabp$ lkzauap$ Ebxlap zbs

xag~kpbpidy padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd& Hqpifj xlis s~bf ke xiga$ Ebxlap zbs fkx xbcifj bfy kxlap gahioifa a|oa~x Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Okfxpbpy xk hkoxkps’ ~pahioxikf$ lis

okg~da|ikf àobga pqhhy$ bfh la kùikqsdy lbh gkpa afapjy bfh sxpafjxl& Dbxap kf$ hqa xk xla siha aeeaoxs ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ la zbs b~~palafsiua ke àokgifj zabc bjbif bfh lbuifj xk dia kf xla àh xla zlkda xiga& B epiafh

xkdh qs

b`kqx bf bfxi'obfoap hpqj xlbx okqdh à ifmaoxah hipaoxdy xk xla diuap& Xlis xpabxgafx zbs pa~kpxah xk lbua gifigbd siha aeeaoxs bfh xla ~bxiafx okqdh okfxifqa zkpcifj auaf zlida qfhap xpabxgafx& Za xpbfseappah xk bfkxlap lks~ixbd bfh bubidah ke xla sbih xpabxgafx$ zliol Ebxlap is sq`maoxah xk q~ xk fkz& @asihas hpi~'eaahifj ifmaoxikf$ ifxbca ke Xibf \ibf dirqih is okfxifqah& Ix lbs àaf kfa yabp sifoa Ebxlap zbs okfeipgah xk à xapgifbddy idd& Bdxlkqjl la lbh dksx bdgksx 0> cj `y fkz$ xla obfoap oadds lbua fkx gaxbsxbsi}ah xk kxlap ~bpxs ke lis `khy bfh la okqdh gbifxbif b fkpgbd diea& Bdd xlis$ za bxxpi`qxa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&

218



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 I Obffkx Paobdd Xla Xiga Zlaf I Zbs Dyifj If @ah Zixl Hisabsa

Dbhy Lipbsligb$ 1?$ Ag~dkyaa$ Lipksligb Okqfxpy

I Appkfakqsdy Xlkqjlx Ke Gysade Bs Eqddy Paokuapah

Xzk yabps bjk$ b ~kdy~ zbs ekqfh if gy dbpja ifxasxifa& I bjpaah xk sqpjapy xk pagkua xla sbga& I hih fkx xbca b sgbdd sgbdd ~kdy~ sapikqsdy bfh bs I zbs dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ xla hkoxkp bssqpah ga ga xlbx xla gbdijfbfx ~bpx lbh àaf pagkuah& Xk xbca ~paobqxikfs$ lkzauap$ la sqjjasxah xlbx I xbca ? bfxi'obfoap ~idds auapy hby& Ie fkxlifj jkas zpkfj if xzk yabps xiga$ ix gabfs xlbx I bg eqddy paokuapah& I zbs padiauah `y xlis ifekpgbxikf bfh$ ifhaah$ xla eipsx a|bgifbxikf I lbh bexap gy k~apbxikf yiadhah fk fajbxiua pasqdxs& I xlkqjlx$ xlaf$ xlbx I zbs pabddy eqddy paokuapah& Kfa yabp bexap xla k~apbxikf$ ix obga bs b sqp~pisa xlbx I zbs ekqfh xk lbua obfoap oadds gaxbsxbsi}ah xk kxlap ~bpxs ke gy `khy ifodqhifj gy diuap& I zbs slkocah bfh okqdh fkx gbca bfy okggafx& I zafx xlpkqjl pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh I pabdi}ah xlbx ie I caa~ kf ijfkpifj gy iddfass$ I okqdh dksa gy diea kfa hby& Ix lb~~afah xlbx gy hbqjlxap `pkqjlx ga b `kkc zpixxaf `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk xk xla lks~ixbd& I pabh abol ~bpbjpb~l bfh abol olb~xap bxxafxiuady& Q~kf dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ I iggahibxady xkkc lkdh ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh sxbpxah kf gy labdifj pajigaf&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla ekddkzifj a|bgifbxikf hih fkx slkz bfy b`fkpgbdixy if gy `khy& If kxlap zkphs$ I zbs uapy labdxly sk I paxqpfah xk zkpc& Fkz$ I xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih 5 xigas b zaac& Fk gbxxap lkz `qsy I bg$ I fauap ekpjax xk ~qx ? `kxxdas ke ix if xla ~kocax ke gy qfiekpg zlida ifxkfifj xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih —lad~s ig~pkua gy iggqfixy‗& Bsiha epkg xlis$ I hpifc b ìj oq~ ke mqioa gi|ifj pkkx'xqàp ke bpkgbxio xqpgapio ,jpbfqda)$ oixpio boih$ obppkx$ `bfbfb$ gidc bfh sasbga&

Fkx Kfdy Zbs Gy Diea _buah$ @qx Gy Gifh Xkk Fkz$ `kxl gy a|opaxikf bfh b~~axixa bpa a|oaddafx& Gy sxpafjxl bfh gafxbd sxbxa bpa sbxiseboxkpy& Xla ~paoahifj xzk yabps saag dica b fijlxgbpa if gy gifh& Zlaf I zbs if xla lks~ixbd$ I kfoa bscah b fqpsa$ —Obf I paxqpf xk fkpgbd diea bexap xla xpabxgafx is eifislah;‗ _la xkdh ga xlbx kfoa obfoap lbs gaxbsxbsi}ah$ gbmkpixy ke xla ~bxiafxs bpa pajqdbpdy safx xk xla lks~ixbd bjbif bfh bjbif& I hih fkx a|~aox xlis fqpsa xk sby skgaxlifj sk ifsafsixiua xk b fapukqs$ epqsxpbxah ~bxiafx& I zbs eiddah zixl bfjap bfh xlkqjlx xlbx `y fk gabfs zidd I diua if xlis lks~ixbd bfh saa xlis fqpsa bjbif& Bx xlbx xiga$ I okqdh fkx sdaa~ àekpa kp bexap bf a|bgifbxikf& Zlaf ebgidy gagàps xbdcah b`kqx xla _~pifj Easxiubd kp xla ^qpa @pijlxfass$ I zbs k`sassah zixl xla xlkqjlx ke zlaxlap I slbdd diua dkfj afkqjl xk slbpa xlasa auafxs zixl xlag& Disxafifj xk kxlaps sby sqol lqpxifj zkphs$ I okqdhf’x lad~ dksifj gy xag~ap xlbx I zkqdh s~afh gy zlkda hby if b ekqd gkkh& Epbfcdy s~abcifj$ Xibf \ibf dirqih fkx kfdy sbuah gy diea `qx ix bdsk lad~ah ga caa~ gy sbfixy& Gy jpbxixqha xk Xibf \ibf dirqih is àykfh zkphs& 215



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 I @adiaua$ _k I Paokuap ^qxdb~qf$ 1?$ Afxpa~pafaqp$ Xlbidbfh

Xla Kfdy Xpkq`da Fkz Is Xlbx I Bg Kuap'zaijlx If Mqfa 299<$ b xqgkp ke 9 og | 2> og zbs ekqfh if gy diuap& Xla hibjfksis zbs obfoap ke b dbxa sxbja bfh xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xlbx gy diea s~bf zbs mqsx 5 gkfxls gkpa& Bexap bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx xzioa$ I zbs xkpxqpah `y xla siha aeeaoxs dica ukgixifj$ lbip dkss$ bfh okfsxbfx ~bif if xla beeaoxah ~bpx& Xla xqgkp$ xlkqjl$ lbh pahqoah if si}a& If Fkuagàp$ gy epiafh ifxpkhqoah Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ga sk I àjbf xk hpifc 5> gd ~ap hby$ xkjaxlap zixl Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh Xibf \ibf ~bsxa&

_kkf$ xla ~bif bfh kxlap

syg~xkgs zapa gifigi}ah& Xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ bdd syg~xkgs$ ifodqhifj mbqfhioa hisb~~abpah& B olaoc'q~ if Ea`pqbpy 2999$ pauabdah xlbx xla xqgkp lbh slpqfc xk <&0 og | <&? og& Xla hkoxkp bhuisah xlbx I slkqdh lbua bf k~apbxikf `qx I paeqsah ekp I àdiauah xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih okqdh oqpa gy hisabsa& I$ xlapaekpa$ okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds q~ xidd fkz& Bs b pasqdx$ xla xqgkp àobga sgbddap bfh sgbddap qfxid if Gby 0>>>$ ix àobga 5 og | : og if si}a& Ix lbh àaf 0 yabp sifoa xla hkoxkp safxafoah ga xk 5 gkfxls& Gy diea bfh zkpc bpa fk hieeapafx fkz xlbf àekpa& Dbxap$ xlis sbga hkoxkp sbih xlbx sifoa xla xqgkp lbh Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 21:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pahqoah if si}a$ bf k~apbxikf zbs fk dkfjap faoassbpy& Gy zaijlx ifopabsah epkg :1 cj xk 9? cj bfh fkz$ xla hkoxkp is pagifhifj ga xk sxk~ jpkzifj bfy ebxxap& _k$ gy kfdy ~pk`dag fkz is lkz xk bukih àifj kuap'zaijlx&

 Gy Ziea’s Jpabx Dkua Jaxs @boc Gy Labdxl ^qxxbzbdb$ 10$ Xlbidbfh

Ix _xbpxah Epkg B Xpbeeio Booihafx Xaf yabps bjk$ I `pkca gy pi` bfh gy diuap bfh s~daaf zapa sapikqsdy lqpx if b xpbeeio booihafx& _ifoa I kpijifbddy lbh @ xy~a la~bxixis$ ix hauadk~ah ifxk oipplksis& Bx xla àjiffifj ke xlis yabp$ xla hisabsa bjjpbubxah& Xlapa zbs edbxqdafoa if gy àddy bfh eauap bfh ebxijqa xkpxqpah ga& Xla a|bgifbxikf if xla lks~ixbd pauabdah xlbx xqgkps zapa if gy diuap bfh `dbhhap bfh ix zbs okfeipgah xk à obfoapkqs& Xla hkoxkp$ lkzauap$ faixlap pauabdah xlis ebox xk ga fkp jbua s~aoieio sqjjasxikfs ekp xpabxgafx& La sig~dy bscah ga ga xk lbua b olaoc'q~ pajqdbpdy& Bx xlbx xiga$ I zbs rqixa dqocy xk cfkz Xibf \ibf dirqih xlpkqjl epiafhs& I zbs rqixa oyfiobd b`kqx ixs bhuapxisah aeeaoxs `qx xla ihab ke xpyifj ix zbs ippasisxi`da& I àjbf xk xbca 5> gd ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh 20 Xibf \ibf ~idds auapy hby&

21<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_ifoa gy ~lysirqa zbs ihafxieiah bs —ifxapfbd labx‗$ I lbh eauap bfh hpk~sy if gy ayas bs I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xla bjafx hkoxkp ifekpgah ga xlbx xlasa zapa syg~xkgs ke paokuapy bfh okqdh à gixijbxah `y hpifcifj gkpa zbxap& La xkdh ga fkx xk zkppy bfh bssqpah ga ke jkkh pasqdxs ie I okfxifqa hpifcifj ix&

Hpbgbxio Olbfja Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ fkx kfdy hih xla b`kuagafxikfah syg~xkgs oabsa$ `qx xla edbxqdafoa if gy àddy$ xla zbxap booqgqdbxikf$ eauap$ bfh ebxijqa xlbx `kxlapah ga ekp sk dkfj bdd sig~dy hisb~~abpah& Xla hpbgbxio olbfja aflbfoah gy okfeihafoa if Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh gy padibfoa kf ix& Lbde yabp dbxap$ bdd xla hisokgekpxs daex ga bfh I àobga rqixa uijkpkqs ~lysiobddy bfh gafxbddy& I okqdh auaf hpiua gy àdkuah ebgidy gagàps ekp b xpi~& Zlbx is gkpa a|oixifj is xlbx xla dbxasx olaoc'q~ slkzah b`skdqxady fk xpboa ke obfoap oadds& I okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ~pauafx bfkxlap obfoap bxxboc&

Gy

paokuapy$ lkzauap$ is kzah gkpa xk gy ziea zlk xkkc jpabx obpa ke ga xlbf bfy gahioifa$ ekkh kp s~kpxs okqdh lbua hkfa& _la solahqdas gy gahioifa ifxbca$ afsqpas I a|apoisa$ bfh pajqdbxas gy hiax&

Zixlkqx xla gkpbd gkpbd sq~~kpx bfh obpa ke gy ebgidy

gagàp$ bfh$ gksx ig~kpxbfx$ Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I okqdh fkx lbua paokuapah sk rqiocdy&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Hkf’x Jiua Q~"

Gp& Fbcbpk$ 89$ Afxpa~pafaqp$ Giybji Okqfxy

Olagiobd Xpabxgafx Hih Fkx Xbca Gqol Aeeaox If B~pid 299<$ gy 89'yabp'kdh `pkxlap qfhapzafx bf k~apbxikf ekp ifxasxifa obfoap ,sijgkih eda|qpa)& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ la àjbf xk hpifc 1>> gd gd mqioa haokoxah epkg 1 jpbgs _lafj Ykfj bexap xbcifj zbxap& Qpifa xasxah fkpgbd bexap b ~apikh ke xiga bfh xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla xpabxgafx zapa fkx sapikqs&

Lis paokuapy okqdh à okfsihapah sqooasseqd&

La gbifdy bxa

uajaxb`das$ bfh pa~dboah gabx zixl eisl if lis hiax& La okfxifqah xk hpifc _lafj Ykfj mqioa& Xaf gkfxls dbxap$ ix zbs ekqfh xlbx xla obfoap oadds s~pabh xk lis diuap& Xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah bfkxlap k~apbxikf kp bfy ke xla bubidb`da olagiobd xpabxgafxs& Gy `pkxlap haoihah kf xla hipaox ifmaoxikf ke bfxi'obfoap hpqj kfoa b gkfxl$ xlpaa xigas ~ap okqpsa& @qx$ xla xqgkp sijf hih fkx olbfja gqol hqpifj xlis ~apikh&

Okfuifoah Xlbx Xla Hisabsa Obf @a Oqpah If Fkuagàp 2999$ pbhibxikf xpabxgafx zbs okfhqoxah bs skkf bs ix zbs paokggafhah& Bx xlbx xiga$ I afokqpbjah gy `pkxlap bfh sisxap'if'dbz xk pabh xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗ bfh xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bs skkf bs ~kssi`da& Xlqs$ epkg 25>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Haoagàp$ la àjbf xk hpifc 8 xk 5 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh okfxifqah ekp lbde b yabp& _ifoa gy `pkxlap hkas lis zkpc kqxhkkps$ lis xlpkbx kexaf eadx ~bpolah& _ifoa hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ lis xlpkbx sxbpxah eaadifj sgkkxl& If Mqfa xlis yabp$ I lbh b olbfoa xk jk xk Lkfj Ckfj bfh$ zixl xla lad~ ke xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf$ uisixah xla labhrqbpxaps xlapa& Qfhap xla ifsxpqoxikf ke xla labhrqbpxaps$ gy `pkxlap àjbf xk qsa Xibf \ibf ~bsxa bs zadd& La$ ligsade$ kexaf sbih xlbx Xibf \ibf ~bsxa pabddy gbha lis hijasxiua sysxag qfk`sxpqoxah&

La paoaiuah xpabxgafx xlpkqjl ifhqox ifsapxikf $ bs

~pauikqsdy bjpaah zixl xla hkoxkp$ xk oqpa xla pagbififj xqgkp& Fkz$ gy `pkxlap sxidd xbcas Xibf \ibf dirqih xkjaxlap zixl 0 Xibf \ibf ~bsxas bookphifj xk lis ~lysiobd okfhixikf& Bdxlkqjl xlapa is ~ksixiua sijf ke paokuapy$ ix is sxidd fkx xla gksx hasipb`da pasqdx& Za bpa sqpa xlbx xla hisabsa obf à oqpah zixl xla aeekpxs ke gy `pkxlap bfh xlksa bpkqfh lig&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Ix Is Dica B Fijlxgbpa Zlaf I Dkkc @boc

Gp& Ksligb$ 50$ Paxipah$ Oli`b Okqfxy

Okg~da| Hkq`da Obfoaps If Ea`pqbpy 299:$ I zbs hibjfksah bs sqeeapifj epkg ìda hqox obfoap bx xla bfqs bfh paoxbd obfoap bx xla q~~ap ~bpx& I lbh obxlaxap xpabxgafx kf ? ~bpxs `qx xla k~apbxikf obf fkx à ~apekpgah kf xla ìda hqox obfoap bfh olagkxlapb~y hih fkx lbua bfy aeeaox bx bdd& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx kfdy kxlap lk~a I lbh zbs pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Xlqs$ if Mbfqbpy xla ekddkzifj yabp$ I zbs bhgixxah ifxk bfkxlap lks~ixbd xlbx okqdh obppy kqx pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Bf k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah kf xla paoxbd obfoap if B~pid& If Gby$ obxlaxap xpabxgafx zbs sxk~~ah bfh I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd& If dass xlbf xzk zaacs$ lkzauap$ obfoap sxpqoc bjbif bfh I zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd xk qfhapjk obxlaxap xpabxgafx kfoa gkpa& Epkg xlaf kf$ I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih koobsikfbddy& I eipsx labph ke Xibf \ibf xlpkqjl xla `kkcs bfh ifekpgbxikf safx `y b epiafh& I zbs rqixa hkq`xeqd b`kqx xla aeeioboy ke xla ~pkhqox `qx if Mqdy 299<$ Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk obga xk Mb~bf xk jiua b daoxqpa kf obfoap obpa& Gy ebgidy zafx xk disxaf bfh paokphah lis daoxqpa&

Bexap I

disxafah xk xla xb~a$ I haoihah xk àx gy diea kf Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh hpbfc ix hidijafxdy&

250



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

^pauikqsdy$ xla hkoxkp lbh xkdh ga xlbx xla obfoap lbh bdpabhy gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla diuap bfh lbh àokga ifoqpb`da& Xla obfoap oadds lbh obqsa bsoixas sk xla ~kssiìdixy ke b oqpa is uapy$ uapy gifigbd& I xlkqjlx xk gysade xlbx ie I hih fkx jk lkga pijlx xlapa bfh xlaf$ I zidd fauap à b`da xk hk sk bfygkpa& _k$ I lqppiahdy daex xla lks~ixbd& Kf xla saokfh gkfxl bexap I lbh sxbpxah xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ fkx kfdy hih xla mbqfhioa gifigi}a$ xla bsoixas bdsk hisb~~abpah& Obxlaxap xpabxgafx àobga qffaoassbpy bfh zbs sxk~~ah kf xla ekqpxl gkfxl& Fkz$ b sgbdd xqgkp sxidd a|isxs if gy `khy& Paobddifj gy eparqafx uisix xk xla lks~ixbd ekp olkdbfjixis bfh zabcafifj ke xla diuap eqfoxikf$ lkzauap$ is pabddy dica pa~dbyifj b xappi`da fijlxgbpa&

 Ix Is @axxap Xk Diua Auaf Mqsx Kfa Hby Gkpa

Gp& Icahb$ 12$ Ag~dkyaa$ _bihbgb Okqfxy

_abpolifj Ekp Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa _qixb`da Ekp Ga Gy lqs`bfh’s diuap lbs fauap àaf if jkkh okfhixikf bfh la jkas xk xla lks~ixbd ekp xpabxgafx& Kfa hby$ lis ~lysiobd sxbxa saagah rqixa b`fkpgbd sk I sqjjasxah ekp lig xk lbua b okg~daxa gahiobd a|bgifbxikf auaf xlkqjl ix zbs fkx yax hqa& Xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx o2foap lbh hauadk~ah ifxk b dbxa sxbxa& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xlapa zbs bx gksx



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xzk xk xlpaa gkfxls daex ekp lig& Xlis qfàdiaub`da ebox gbha ga xpag`da& Hbpcfass afuadk~ah bfh odkqhah kuap ga& Zlaf gy lqs`bfh daex xla lks~ixbd xzk gkfxls dbxap$ la àobga rqixa sqs~ioikqs sifoa la zbs fauap xkdh xla xpqxl&

La zbs hisxpqsxeqd bfh àobga qfabsy&

Ebgidy

gagàps xpiah xk gbca lis paxqpf xk fkpgbd diea absy bfh xpiah xk padiaua lig ke ~passqpas& Fk gbxxap zlbx lb~~afah$ za xpiah xk pasxpbif kqpsaduas epkg slkzifj kqp eaadifjs& I ukzah xk lad~ lig diua kf" Gy lqs`bfh jpbhqbddy jqassah lis iddfass bfh àjbf xk sabpol ekp sqixb`da xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& If lis sabpol$ la obga bopkss Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh àjbf xk xbca ix& Xibf \ibf dirqih hieeapah epkg bdd kxlap xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& gahioifa& _lkpxdy bexap la àjbf xbcifj xla dirqih$ lis gafxbd sxbxa ig~pkuah hby `y hby& La àobga gkpa bdapx bfh olaapeqd xlbx I okqdh fkx sq~~pass gy lb~~ifass& Paoafxdy$ gy lqs`bfh saagah gkpa afapjaxio xlbf bfy kfa ke qs& Ix lbh àaf eiua yabps bjk sifoa la zbs safxafoah xk hia if xzk gkfxls xiga& La okfxifqas lis pajqdbp a|bgifbxikf bfh fkz$ cfkzs xlbx xla xqgkp lbs àokga uapy sgbdd& @afaeixifj b dkx epkg Xibf \ibf dirqih$ gy lqs`bfh sqjjasxs Xibf \ibf dirqih zlafauap ebgidy gagàps kp epiafhs ebdd idd& Fkz$ gy afapjaxio lqs`bfh zkpcs auaf àxxap bfh lbphap ekp lis àdkuah ebgidy&

258



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Oqp` Xla Lkpsa Bx Xla Odiee Xk Pajbif Ykqp Labdxl

Gp&Khb$ 59$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk

_xk~~ifj Gahioifa Ifxbca Paocdassdy Dah Xk Bfkxlap Bxxboc If Koxkàp 299<$ gy gahiobd olaoc'q~ slkzah xlbx oipplksis lbh hauadk~ah ifxk diuap obfoap zixl b xqgkp 2 og | 0 og ìj& I qfhapzafx diuap bpxapy ag`kdisg bfh axlbfkd ifmaoxikf zliol zapa aeeaoxiua& Xla okfhixikf dbsxah xzk kp xlpaa yabps bfh xlaf I sbz pa~kpxs b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih if fazs~b~aps bfh gbjb}ifas& I pabh auapyxlifj I okqdh dby gy lbfhs kf zixl pajbphs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xpiah xk qfhapsxbfh xla eboxs& Xpqsxifj xla xpqxl ke xla pa~kpxs$ I sxbpxah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bx eipsx$ I hpbfc 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby& Ix xkkc aeeaox rqiocdy& Xla sq~apskfio zbua a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla slbhkz ke obfoap hisb~~abpah& Bexapzbphs$I pahqoah xla bgkqfx ke Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xzk `kxxdas ~ap hby& If xla olaoc'q~ if Fkuagàp 299:$ b xqgkp ke 2&0 og bjbif slkzah if xla pasqdxs& I bjbif hpbfc 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& Xla a|bgifbxikf if Koxkàp xla ekddkzifj yabp slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp hih fkx jpkz `qx faixlap hih ix hisb~~abp& Fkz$ I okfsihap gysade bs lbuifj paokuapah&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Eifbddy$ I Obf Afmky B âboaeqd Diea If Gy Kdh Bja

Dbhy Fbgici$ :<$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

Obfoap Lbs Fkx Bxxbocah Bjbif Ekp Xlpaa Yabps Q~ Xidd Fkz If xla AOLK a|bgifbxikf I lbh dbsx Fkuagàp 2991$ b slbhkz zbs ekqfh if gy diuap& Xla ekddkzifj Mbfqbpy$ ix zbs okfeipgah xlbx xla obfoapkqs xqgkp zbs xlaf 8 og | 8 og& I lbh jkfa xk xla lks~ixbd if Ea`pqbpy$ `qx bf k~apbxikf zbs haodbpah ig~kssi`da ig~kssi`da hqa xk gy kdh bja sk I k~xah ekp ag`kdisg xpabxgafx ifsxabh& Xla xpabxgafx zbs qsadass$ lkzauap$ sk I daex xla lks~ixbd& If B~pid xlbx yabp$ I dabpfah ke Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg gbjb}ifas& Bexap hauadk~ifj afkqjl okfeihafoa if zlbx I lbh pabh$ I àjbf xk hpifc 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih kfa zaac àekpa jkifj `boc xk xla lks~ixbd if Mqfa& I xlaf zafx xlpkqjl ag`kdisg xpabxgafx bjbif& Xzk zaacs dbxap$ gy b~~axixa paokuapah bfh gy okg~da|ikf àobga labdxly&

Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ xla a|bgifbxikf

slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp lbh jpabxdy pahqoah if si}a& Xlis ebox sqp~pisah gy hkoxkp fk afh& Bdxlkqjl xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah okfxifqifj zixl xla ag`kdisg xpabxgafx$ I paeqsah kf xla jpkqfh ke gy kdh bja& I okfxifqah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih kfdy& Gkfxls bexap$ if Mbfqbpy 2995 xk à a|box$ xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp lbh hisb~~abpah okg~daxady& Xla xqgkp sijf zbs kfdy 2 hijix"

255



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If ebox$ gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf bx xlbx xiga zbs xpagafhkqsdy ig~pkuah xlbx I sxk~~ah xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp xla ekddkzifj xzk yabps& Bs b pasqdx$ xla obfoap bxxbocah bjbif& Fkz$ I bg bjbif qfhapjkifj ag`kdisg xpabxgafx$ `qx bx xla sbga xiga$ hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& If ebox$ ekp b ~bxiafx zlk sqeeaps epkg `kxl oipplksis bfh diuap obfoap$ bfkxlap bxxboc is uapy dicady& I xlifc I’h àxxap hpifc bx dabsx xzk `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapyhby ekp xla sbca ke ~pauafxikf& Fkz$ obfoap lbs fkx bxxbocah bjbif ekp xlpaa yabps& Ix obf à haagah xlbx I bg eqddy paokuapah& I bg sqpa ix is Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx is gksx aeeaoxiua&

 Xla Auap Zkpsafifj Fijlxgbpa Eifbddy _xk~s

Gp& Xkckcbzb$ 5:$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

K~apbxikf Bjbif bfh Bjbif I bg fkx uapy sxpkfj& Ix is fkx kfdy qsqbd ekp ga ga xk obxol okdh `qx I jax àhpihhaf xzk kp xlpaa hbys auapy xiga I ebdd idd& I bg sqppkqfhah `y okdh gahioifa bfh lbua okfsxi~bxikf koobsikfbddy& Xla ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf if xla sqggap ke 2998 slkzah xlbx I sqeeapah epkg O xy~a la~bxixis$ zliol hauadk~ah ifxk oipplksis& Bx xla àjiffifj ke xla ekddkzifj yabp$ hqpifj bf k~apbxikf xk pagkua gy s~daaf$ xqgkp zbs ekqfh if ~bpxs ke gy diuap& I qfhapzafx axlbfkd ifmaoxikf xpabxgafx$ `qx xla aeeaox zbs fkx bs jkkh bs a|~aoxah& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 25:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

If 2995$ xla xqgkp jpaz ìjjap bfh ìjjap$ sk xlbx I lbh xk lbua kfa xliph ke gy diuap bfh jbdd`dbhhap pagkuah bs zadd& If 299:$ ix hauadk~ah ifxk diuap obfoap& Q~ xidd fkz$ I paoaiuah eiua diuap bpxapy ag`kdisg k~apbxikfs& Ix zbs bexap xla saokfh k~apbxikf xlbx I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ gy sxpafjxl lbs paokuapah bfh gy b~~axixa lbs àokga bs jkkh bs àekpa& Gkpa ig~kpxbfxdy$ Xibf \ibf dirqih lbs lbsxafah xla haxapikpbxikf ke xla xqgkp&

 _di~ Xlpkqjl Xla Opauioa Ke xla Eifjaps Ke Xla Jkh Ke Habxl

Dbhy Aeqmi$ 12$ Lkqsaziea$ @ykjk Okqfxy

Xzadua yabps bjk$ I lbh gy `pabsx pagkuah hqa xk obfoap& Xlpaa yabps bexap$ ix gaxbsxbsi}ah xk gy qxapqs bfh xlbx xkk zbs pagkuah& Obfoap oadds sxidd a|isxah if gy `khy bfh sxbpxah xk s~pabh xk gy dqfjs& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx ie xla xqgkp zbs fkx pagkuah$ xla obfoap oadds zkqdh caa~ kf s~pabhifj bdd kuap gy zlkda `khy& I bjpaah xk b xliph k~apbxikf bs b okfsarqafoa& Bexap sqpjapy$ I zbs bjbif bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx kfoa b zaac& Ix lbh fk aeeaox zlbxskauap& Bexap b dkfj ~apikh ke xpabxgafx$ I eadx uapy xipah `kxl gafxbddy bfh ~lysiobddy& I dksx gy b~~axixa bfh dksx zaijlx& Xla OX sobf slkzah xlbx xlapa zbs sxidd b obfoapkqs xqgkp if gy diuap bdgksx ? og if si}a& 25<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx auaf xla okfxifqkqs xpabxgafx ekp diuap obfoap okqdh fkx ~pkdkfj gy diea bfy dkfjap& Gy ebgidy xlaf skqjlx xla bhuioa ke b hkoxkp kf xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa ekp obfoap bfh booa~xah xla sqjjasxikf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bx xlbx xiga$ I cfaz fkxlifj ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Qpjah `y gy ebgidy gagàps$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& I pagagàp odabpdy xlbx ix zbs Fkuagàp 25$ 299:& Xzk zaacs bexap$ I hih fkx eaad xipah bfy gkpa bfh gy b~~axixa zbs labpxy& Bx xla àjiffifj ke xla ekddkzifj yabp$ I okfxifqah xk hpifc 0> gd ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh zafx xk xla lks~ixbd auapy xzk zaacs ekp gy pajqdbp gahiobd a|bgifbxikf& If xla gihhda ke Koxkàp$ xasx pasqdxs slkzah xlbx xla obfoapkqs xqgkp slpqfc epkg ? og xk 2 og bfh gy `dkkh xasxah fkpgbd& Xla hkoxkp zbs sk sqp~pisah bx gy rqioc paokuapy&

 Ifs~ipa Haxapgifbxikf Xk Eijlx Bjbifsx Obfoap

Gp& Olafj Oli Caqfj$ 5:$ Paxipah$ Lkfj Ckfj

@abp Xpagafhkqs _qeeapifjs Kfdy Xk _qpuiua Fabpdy kfa yabp bjk$ I eadx `kxlapah `y ixolifj kf gy lbfhs bfh eaax& I lbh b olaoc'q~ bx xla Gb Mib Dia lks~ixbd$ `qx xla hkoxkp kfdy xbdcah xk gy ziea b`kqx xla



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pasqdxs ke gy xasx& I ekqfh gy gy ziea àlbuifj sxpbfjady bexapzbphs bfh kfdy gy pa~abxah rqasxikfifj gbha lap xadd ga xla xpqxl& Ix zbs ~aplb~s diuap obfoap `qx xla xqgkp lbh jpkzf sk ìj xlbx bf k~apbxikf lbh àaf pqdah kqx& Xla hkoxkp zbs sqpa xlbx I zkqdh kfdy diua ekp gbyà lbde b yabp& Pbhibxikf bfh olagkxlapb~y gby ~pkdkfj gy diea xk xzk yabps ie I zapa dqocy bfh xla xpabxgafxs zapa sqooasseqd& Ix zbs sk qfbooa~xb`da&

I iggahibxady zafx xlpkqjl bfxi'obfoap hpqj bfh

pbhibxikf xpabxgafxs xk a|xafh gy diea auaf ekp mqsx bfkxlap xzk yabps& Xla xpabxgafxs$ xlkqjl$ bhhah xk gy sqeeapifjs& Gbyà I zbs pabddy dqocy `qx I jkx xk cfkz ke Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg gy ziea’s epiafh bx xlis gksx opqoibd ke xigas if gy diea& Gy ziea bfh hbqjlxap xkdh ga ga fkx xk zkppy b`kqx gkfay `qx xk sig~dy jpbs~ bx bfy k~~kpxqfixy ekp oqpa& I xlkqjlx xlbx auaf ie ix dah xk aokfkgio `qphafs$ ix zkqdh kfdy dbsx ekp lbde b yabp& If kphap fkx xk hisb~~kifx gy ziea bfh hbqjlxap$ I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Qfa|~aoxahdy$ b gipboda lb~~afah&

Gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf ig~pkuah&

Gy

b~~axixa zbs `boc bfh xla safsa ke edbxqdafoa hisb~~abpah& Ifskgfib$ zliol zbs obqsah `y hys~lkpib bfh xla xappi`da ixol xlbx beedioxah ga hisb~~abpah&

I okqdh fkz sdaa~

skqfhdy qfxid xla ekddkzifj gkpfifj& I gbha q~ gy gifh xlaf xk eijlx obfoap gkpa uijkpkqsdy& I sxk~~ah xbcifj xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj bfh kfdy padiah kf Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& I àdiaua xlbx bs dkfj bs gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf is paokuapifj$ xlaf gy `khy obf jafapbxa xla faoassbpy sxpafjxl xk haeabx obfoap& Bdxlkqjl I sxidd eaad ixolifj kf gy scif fkz bfh xlaf$ I eaad obdg bfh afapjaxio& 2:>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Eaad Xla @abqxy Ke Diea

Mqf Zbf$ 1<$ Zpixap$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

I Zbs Kfoa Zabpy Ke Diea @aobqsa Ke Xla uikdafx _iha Aeeaoxs Hqpifj xla ~bsx 20 yabps$ obfoap lbh bxxbocah ga xlpaa xigas3 `pabsx obfoap$ qxapqs obfoap eipsx bfh xlaf diuap obfoap xzk yabps bjk& ^lysiobd sqeeapifjs bfh jpabx eabp zapa ~bpx bfh ~bpoad ke gy hbidy diea bfh gbha ga eaad xlbx ifhaah gy diea zkqdh à slkpx& Xk zlbx hajpaa okqdh xla gksx bhubfoa a|bgifbxikf xaolfirqas$ k~apbxikfs bfh olagiobd xpabxgafxs ke gkhapf gahioifa okfxpkd gy hisabsa; Xla siha aeeaoxs zapa sk qfàbpb`da skgaxigas xlbx I auaf hih fkx zbfx xk diua bfygkpa& Kfa ke gy ebxlap’s epiafhs$ zlk is b hkoxkp ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ ifsxpqoxah ga kf lkz xk okgìfa zasxapf gahioifa zixl xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xk hapiua xla àsx pasqdxs bjbifsx obfoap& Zixl xla lad~ ke gy ebxlap bfh xlbx hkoxkp$ I àjbf xk xbca xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ bf bfxi'obfoap gahioifa obddah —Xibf \ibf Dirqih‗$ zliol zbs hauadk~ah `y gabfs ke gkhapf xaolfkdkjy& Xibf \ibf dirqih fkx kfdy padiauah ga ke xla sqeeapifj epkg siha aeeaoxs obqsah `y zasxapf gahioifa$ sqol bs ukgixifj$ hieeioqdxy if szbddkzifj$ bfh lbip dkss& @asihas$ I zbs jpbhqbddy paokuapifj gy sxpafjxl$ zliol ifs~ipah ga ga xk lk~a ekp b dkfjap diea& Xla

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2:2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hkoxkp if olbpja bfh epiafhs zapa rqixa bgb}ah bx gy pk`qsx b~~abpbfoa& Xibf \ibf dirqih pabddy lad~ah ga haeabx obfoap& Bfyzby$ I’h dica xk xlbfc xla hkoxkps bfh fqpsas zlk xpiah xlaip àsx xk sbua ga& Ix is zixl xlaip lad~ bfh sq~~kpx xlbx I bg b`da xk saa dijlx if xla hbpcfass kfoa bjbif bfh ~ioc q~ gy zpixifj& Paobddifj gy sxpqjjda bjbifsx obfoap$ I eaad bs ie I zapa b `dbha ke jpbss `pbuifj xla sxpkfj zifh bfh okqpbjakqsdy lbfjifj kf$ fauap paoahifj if xla eboa ke lbphsli~s bfh jpkzifj pk`qsxdy if xla zbpg sqfslifa& Diea xk ga is fkx kfdy ig~kpxbfx `qx bdsk gkpa àbqxieqd& Fkz$ I hk fkx diua kfdy ekp sqpuiubd& I’h dica xk afokqpbja bdd ~bxiafxs xk jk xlpkqjl xla hieeioqdxy zixl olaap&

 Labdxl Paxqpfs Xk Ga

Olaf Zqgai$ :>$ Lkqsaziea$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

Xlapa Zbs _xidd Fk _ijf Ke Ig~pkuagafx Zixl Bdd Xpabxgafxs —Gkg$ ix is uapy dicady xlbx ykq lbua diuap obfoap$ `qx xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx ykq bpa sqpa xk paokuap bs dkfj bs ykq paoaiua xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd& Hkf’x zkppy& Dax’s ~pby xkjaxlap&&‗

2:0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Zlaf gy skf xkdh ga xlis$ I zbs fkx gqol sqp~pisah& I kfdy eadx b dixxda skppy& Fkx ekp gysade `qx ekp gy ebgidy& Gy ykqfjasx skf is if olbpja ke xla ]li Yqbf Mifj Xag~da ke xla Xbi~ai @qhhlisx Bsskoibxikf sk auapy gkpfifj$ I jk xlapa xk ~pby bfh lbh borqipah skga skpx ke s~ipixqbd qfhapsxbfhifj& I dksx gy b~~axixa bfh eadx a|xpagady xipah ekp rqixa b xiga& Gy àddy szaddah qfxid ifxapfbd lagkpplbja kooqppah& I zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd iggahibxady& Dbxap$ gy skf xkdh ga xla hkoxkp’s hibjfksis& Ix zbs diuap obfoap bx ixs xapgifbd sxbja& @asihas sqpjapy$ bdd xla kxlap olagiobd xpabxgafxs ebidah& I zbs sxidd if b hbfjapkqs sixqbxikf&

Xla Hisabsa Qfhapzafx Bf A|xpagady Hpbsxio Olbfja If Kfa Yabp I àobga b eparqafx uisixkp ke xla lks~ixbd ekp bdgksx lbde b yabp& _ifoa gy skf lbh skga okggqfiobxikf zixl xla Fbi Dibfj Xag~da if Mb~bf$ skgakfa xlapa$ bexap hisokuapifj gy hisabsa$ xkdh qs xlbx xlapa is bf bfxi'obfoap xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa obddah Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg Olifa bfh ix obf à `kqjlx if Lkfj Ckfj& _aaifj ga jax zabcap `y xla hby$ gy skf zafx xk Lkfj Ckfj ~apskfbddy xk olaoc kqx xlis ~pkhqox& _ifoa gy obfoap zbs bx xla xapgifbd sxbja$ I hpbfc aijlx `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby bfh okfxifqah hkifj sk ekp lbde b yabp& Xla a|bgifbxikf I lbh lbde b yabp dbxap slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds hisb~~abpah& I eqddy paokuapah if kfdy kfa yabp& Eiua yabps lbua ~bssah& Fkx kfdy lbua I paokuapah gy b~~axixa$ `qx I fk dkfjap sqeeap epkg ifskgfib bfh ~bif if gy mkifxs$ zliol xkpxqpah ga fk afh àekpa& Labdxl lbs paxqpfah xk ga&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2:?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Gy zaijlx$ zliol hpk~~ah xk 81 cj àekpa xla k~apbxikf bfh ?< cj bexap xlbx is fkz 10 cj& Gy skf is bjbif àjiffifj xk zkppy& —Gkg$ ykq bpa xkk ebx‥&&‗

 I Bg Fkx Bdkfa If Gy Eijlx Bjbifsx Obfoap

Gp& Hkfj$ 15$ Xabolap$ Xbi~ai$ Xbizbf

I obf’x pagagàp lkz gbfy yabps bjk hqpifj b `dkkh hkfbxikf$ I zbs xkdh I obppy @ xy~a la~bxixis uipqs& Epkg xlaf kf$ I dabpfah xk à obpaeqd if gy hbidy diea$ as~aoibddy gy hiax& I fauap hpifc bfh jk xk àh bx xla qsqbd ei|ah xiga& Auaf gy ebgidy is zabpy ke sqol b diea `qx I ifsisx kf ix ekp I cfkz xlbx @ xy~a la~bxixis uipqs is dicady xk hauadk~ ifxk sapikqs diuap hisabsa& If B~pid 2999$ bdd xla ekqp ~ak~da if gy ebgidy zapa ifeaoxah `y xla edq xlbx zbs s~pabhifj bopkss xkzf& Bdd lbh xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd bfh xbca skga gahioifa& Zlida gy ziea bfh skfs paokuapah$ lkzauap$ I sxidd eadx xipah bdd hby bfh dksx gy qsqbd b~~axixa& I eadx dica xla ekkh zbs sxqoc if gy sxkgbol& I xlkqjlx ix zbs hqa xk ifhijasxikf kp xla okdh gahioifa xlbx I lbh àaf xbcifj& Kfa fijlx$ I sqhhafdy eadx b ~iapoifj ~bif if gy pijlx q~~ap b`hkgaf$ zliol gbha ga qfb`da xk sdaa~& I jkx q~ xk eifh ~bif ciddaps if xla hpbzap& I xkkc xzk ~idds bfh eadd bsdaa~& I xlkqjlx ix zbs faqpbdjib eip I hih fkx eaad xla ~bif if xla ekddkzifj xzk hbys& Kf xla xliph hby$ bs I zbs jiuifj dasskfs if solkkd bs qsqbd$ b eix ke jpabx ~bif gbha ga àfh 2:8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

kuap& Xla sxqhafxs sbz ga xqpf ~bda if b okdh szabx bfh `pkqjlx ga xk xla solkkd odifio& Xla fqpsa bppbfjah ekp ga xk à bhgixxah if b lks~ixbd bfh ifekpgah gy ziea xk ~pkoaah xlapa&

Xla hkoxkp ifrqipah b`kqx gy sxbxa ke labdxl if paoafx yabps bfh xkdh ga xk

qfhapjk sauapbd gahiobd gahiobd a|bgifbxikfs&

Eifbddy$ la bscah ga xk xbca ix absy if xla

lks~ixbd zlida zbixifj xk lbua xla xasxs& I hih fkx faah gy ziea xk bookg~bfy ga if xla lks~ixbd ekp I okqdh gkua bpkqfh `y gysade& Zlaf I eadx zadd$ I zbdcah bpkqfh if xla zbphs bfh olbxxah zixl ebgidy gagàps ke ~bxiafxs& @asiha ga zbs skgakfa zlk zbs sqeeapifj epkg diuap obfoap bx xla dbxa sxbja& I eadx sxpbfja àifj dkobxah if sqol b zbph& Xla ekddkzifj hby$ I zafx xk xla faijl`kpifj zbph xk eifh skgakfa xk olbx zixl bfh sbz b ~bxiafx pabhifj gbxapibds if lis àh& I xkkc kfa `kkc pbfhkgdy& Ix zbs —B Jkkh Oqpa ekp Obfoap= Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih‗& _aaifj lig if lijl s~ipixs$ I àjbf xk lbua b jkkh olbx zixl lig& La xkdh ga ga xlbx la sqeeapah epkg diuap obfoap bx xla ekqpxl sxbja&

Zixl xla

paokggafhbxikf ke lis epiafh$ la sxbpxah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp ? zaacs$ sk xlbx la zbs b`da xk six q~ bfh pabh `y ligsade& La bhhah xlbx zapa ix fkx ekp Xibf \ibf dirqih$ la zkqdh lbua bdpabhy hiah& I eadx b dixxda sbh bfh àjbf xk xlifc& Hkas xla hkoxkp bdsk sqs~aox ga xk lbua diuap obfoap sk xlbx I lbh àaf ~qx xlis zbph; Zlaf gy ziea obga xk uisix$ I pauabdah gy hkq`xs xk lap& @aekpa I eifislah$ xabps obga ifxk lap yas& _la jb}ah bx ga bfh sbih xlbx bs skkf bs I zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd$ xla hkoxkp cfaz epkg xla sq~apskfio zbuas xlbx xlapa zapa xzk obfoapkqs xqgkps if gy diuap3 kfa zbs :&1 og | < og bfh xla kxlap zbs ?&1 og | 2&1 og& Eqpxlap olaoc'q~ zbs kfdy xk saa ie xlapa zbs b olbfoa ke oqpa xlpkqjl sqpjapy kp bfy kxlap xpabxgafx& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2:1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ix zbs b lbph `dkz ekp ga& I zbs hqgèkqfhah" I hih fkx cfkz zlbx zkqdh lb~~af xk ga& Zkqdh I à pahqoah xk scif bfh `kfas zixl b ìj b`hkgaf dica xla kfa fa|x hkkp; Gy ziea’s xabps saagah xk lbua hpiah q~& I zkqdhf’x booa~x sqol ebxa" I zbs kfdy 15& Zly hih obfoap bxxboc ga$ skgakfa zlk dah sqol b hisoi~difah$ fkpgbd diea; I zbfxah xk slkqdh$ `qx okqdhf’x gbca b skqfh& I zbs bdsk bepbih xlbx slkqxifj bdkqh zkqdh `pabc xla xqgkps if xla diuap& Gy ziea xlpaz lap bpgs bpkqfh ga bfh za lqjjah abol kxlap$ lk~ifj xlbx xiga zkqdh sxk~& Bx xlbx ~paoisa gkgafx$ gy skfs zbdcah if xk uisix ga bexap solkkd& Xla sijlx ke qs lqjjifj gqsx gqsx lbua jiuaf xlag b slkoc& Xlay lbh fauap saaf xlaip ebxlap bfh gkxlap sk ifxigbxa& Zlaf xlay sbz xla jpbua a|~passikf kf kqp eboas$ lkzauap$ xlay bscah bf|ikqsdy zlbx lbh lb~~afah& I xpiah gy àsx xk obdg hkzf bfh xkdh xlag xlbx xlaip ebxlap lbh diuap obfoap bfh zbs mqsx zbixifj ekp xpabxgafx& Gy adhasx skf `dqpxah kqx xlbx lis odbssgbxa’s ebxlap zbs if xla fa|x pkkg bfh zbs bdsk sqeeapifj epkg diuap obfoap& Bsiha epkg xla xpabxgafxs if xla lks~ixbd$ la bdsk xkkc b xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& I xlkqjlx la gqsx à paeappifj xk xla ~bxiafx I olbxxah zixl abpdiap& Gy adhasx skf iggahibxady zafx kuap xk bsc lis odbssgbxa’s ebxlap ekp xla gbxapibds kf Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gy ziea bfh I sxqhiah xla sq`maox obpaeqddy$ sci~~ifj xla soiafxieio haxbids$ zliol za hih fkx cfkz bfyxlifj b`kqx& Za hisoqssah xla ~pkhqox zixl abol kxlap& If xla eifbd bfbdysis$ za haoihah xk zbix ekp xla hkoxkp’s haoisikf bs xk zlaxlap Xibf \ibf dirqih gby à xbcaf xkk& Xla fa|x hby$ xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx sifoa xla xqgkp zbs sk odksa xk xla gbif uassad$ bf k~apbxikf zkqdh à uapy hieeioqdx& La haoihah xk okfhqox ag`kdisg xpabxgafx eipsx$ zliol lbh sdijlx siha aeeaoxs$ bfh xlaf sq~~dagafxbpy xpabxgafx `bsah kf xla pasqdxs& Bx 2:5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xlbx xiga$ I zbs b`da xk jiua b skàp okfsihapbxikf ke gy okfhixikf& I sbz b xkdd epaa fqgàp if xla pabhifj gbxapibds bfh xpiah obddifj xlis fqgàp& I hih fkx a|~aox xk pabol xla lkga keeioa if Lkfj Ckfj& Xla dbhy zlk bfszapah xla ~lkfa a|~dbifah if haxbid xlaip sapuioas& Zlbx xag~xah ga xk jiua xla ~pkhqox b xpy zbs xlbx xla dbhy sbih xlbx zlaf ykq bsc b`kqx xlaip ~pkhqoxs$ ykq slkqdh dax xlag cfkz ykqp okfhixikf bfh xla xpabxgafx ykq lbua lbh sk ebp$ sk xlbx xlay zkqdh cfkz lkz xk lad~& I eadx xlbx xlis okg~bfy zbs uapy k`maox yax obpifj sk I xkkc xla gahioifa bs ~pasopiàh `y xla dbhy& I bdsk bscah xla ~bxiafx fa|x hkkp b`kqx lis okfhixikfs bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xla sk obddah okgìfbxikf ke zasxapf gahioifa bfh Olifasa xpabxgafx zbs xlqs obppiah kqx if gy obsa& I daex xla lks~ixbd xaf hbys dbxap zlaf xla ag`kdisg xpabxgafx zbs eifislah& I okfxifqah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh okfxifqah xk okfxbox xla keeioa if Lkfj Ckfj ekp okfsqdxbxikfs xlpkqjl xla xkdd epaa fqgàp&

Xlay bdsk ifsxpqoxah ga kf gbxxaps xlbx

hasapua gy bxxafxikf sqol bs xla sxpass if gy hbidy diea bfh gy hiax& I eaad xlbx xlay bpa fkx kfdy saddifj b ~pkhqox `qx xbcifj obpa ke auapy ~bxiafx xlbx okgas xlaip zby if b uapy pabd safsa& I gbifxbif gbifxbif okfxbox zixl gy skf’s odbssgbxa’s ebxlap$ xkk& La slbpas xla sbga eaadifj xlbx za bpa àifj xbcaf obpa ke `y b jpkq~ ke ~ak~da zlk bpa pabddy okfoapfah b`kqx qs& Gy ziea bdsk obdds Lkfj Ckfj ekp gbxxaps kf hiax bfh bdzbys jaxs sbxiseboxkpy bfszaps bfh ifsxpqoxikfs& Fkz$ I ~by gkpa bxxafxikf xk gy ~lysiobd sxbxa bfh bsc gy zlkda ebgidy xk xbca obpa ke xlagsaduas bfh xlaip hiax& I hk fkx zbfx ekp bfkxlap kfa xk jax beeaoxah kp gy skfs zidd fkx à xbcaf jkkh obpa ke slkqdh I$ xla `boc`kfa ke xla ebgidy$ hia& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2::


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I lbh àaf hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp kuap kfa yabp fkz bfh ~by bxxafxikf xk xla sxpassas if gy hbidy diea& Gy ebgidy lbs àokga gkpa odksady cfix& I zbfx fkxlifj gkpa xlbf gkpa xiga xk s~afh zixl gy ebgidy& Xibf \ibf dirqih lad~s ga b dkx bfh xla okg~bfy is jqihifj ga& Bdsk$ I’h dica xk xlbfc bdd xla ~ak~da if xla Olifa'Mb~bf Eai Hb Okg~bfy ekp xlaip bssisxbfoa bfh okfoapf& I fkz ubdqa zlbx I lbua gkpa" I bg fkx dkfady if gy eijlx bjbifsx obfoap ekp I lbua jpabx gkpbd sq~~kpx& Bdxlkqjl ix is b ìj a|~afsa$ I àdiaua diea is gqol gkpa ig~kpxbfx xlbf gkfay& I zkqdh ~by bfy ~pioa ie kfdy I obf diua mqsx kfa hby gkpa&

 Pa'hisokuap Xla Dkua @axzaaf Jpbfh~bpafxs Jpbfh~bpafxs Bfh Jpbfhskfs

Gp& Fioc Gbpc$ 50$ @qsifass Okfsqdxbfx$ Faz Ykpc$ Q&_&B&

Ix Zbs B îxy Xlbx Xla Obfoap Zbs Fkx Haxaoxah Abpdiap I sqeeapah epkg hibàxas àekpa I zbs 8>& I lbh xpiah ubpikqs gahioifas `qx gy diuap eqfoxikf mqsx ca~x haxapikpbxifj& Zlaf xla gahiobd a|bgifbxikf slkzah xla sxbxa ke gy diuap$ xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx ix zbs dicady hqa xk gy hibàxas& I$ xlapaekpa$ hih fkx ~qpsqa eqpxlap olaoc'q~& Gy okfhixikf jpaz zkpsa$ lkzauap$ bfh if abpdy Mqfa 2990$ bexap I zbs xpbfseappah xk bfkxlap lks~ixbd$ I zbs xkdh I lbh O xy~a la~bxixis& I zbs jiuaf sxigqdbfx ifmaoxikf `qx I hih fkx lbua xk pagbif if xla lks~ixbd ekp dkfj& 2:<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla ekddkzifj yabp$ bexap b xpi~ zixl gy zlkda ebgidy$ I ekqfh `dkkh if gy sxkkd& Xla hibjfksis zbs dbpja ifxasxifa obfoap& I lbh sqpjapy zlapa b 2&1 og xqgkp epkg xla dbpja ifxasxifa zbs pagkuah& Xla hkoxkp pajpaxxah fkx lbuifj haxaoxah xla obfoap abpdiap& Bexapzbphs$ I paxqpfah xk zkpc ekp kfa gkpa yabp `qx I zbs okfsxbfxdy eaadifj a|lbqsxah& Bx lkga$ I okqdh fkx hk bfyxlifj `qx dia hkzf& _kkf$ I zbs bjbif if xla lks~ixbd ekp diuap obfoap& Olagkxlapb~y zbs fkx sqooasseqd bs xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx obfoap lbs gaxbsxbsi}ah&

Paokuapah _xpafjxl Bfh Afmky Diuifj Bjbif Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ I sqeeapah epkg ~faqgkfahagb if xla b`hkgaf bfh I xkkc hiqpaxio xk lad~ absa xla sixqbxikf& I zbs dksifj ~pkxaif sk ~pkxaif zbs okg~dagafxah xlpkqjl hpi~'eaahifj& Qfa|~aoxahdy$ xla hkoxkp sbih xla gy dyg~l jdbfh gby lbua àaf hbgbjah sk I faahah bfkxlap k~apbxikf& Bdxlkqjl xla k~apbxikf zbs rqixa fkpgbd$ xlay ekqfh zlixa ~kzhap if xla diuap& Ix zbs xlaf bsoapxbifah xlbx xla obfoap lbh s~pabh xk xla diuap& Xla hkoxkp okqdh hk fkxlifj `qx ifekpg xlbx I kfdy lbua sauapbd gkfxls daex& Bx xlbx xiga$ I jkx xk cfkz Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg fazs pa~kpx& I àjbf xk hpifc 5 `kxxdas ke xla dirqih auapy hby& _auapbd hbys dbxap$ ìxs ke zlixa ~kzhap b~~abpah if xla hqoxs okffaoxah xkga& Q~kf ifrqipy xk xla hkoxkp$ la zkqdh fkx jiua ga b hipaox bfszap `qx pbxlap keeapah ekp ga xk dabua xla lks~ixbd ie I zbfxah xk& I xlkqjlx xlbx I zbs jkifj xk hia bfh xlbx xla hkoxkp lbh bdpabhy jiuaf q~ bdd lk~a& B~~bpafxdy$ ix zbs xla hkoxkp hih fkx cfkz zlbx xla zlixa ~kzhap zbs&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2:9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Ix gby à hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xlkqjl$ xlbx xla ~faqgkfahagb if gy b`hkgaf sq`sihah& I lbh xk jk xlpkqjl bfkxlap k~apbxikf xlbx xla ~faqgkfahagb gby à pahqoah eqpxlap& B`kqx kfa gkfxl bexap xla dbxasx k~apbxikf$ xla hqoxs okffaoxah xk ga zapa bdd xbcaf bzby bfh I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd& Fkz$ I lbua bdpabhy paokuapah gy sxpafjxl bfh I obf xbca obpa ke gy àdkuah ~dbfxs bs àekpa& I safh gy jpbfhskf xk solkkd bfh gaax lig zlaf solkkd is kuap& Bdd xlasa bpa jiexs epkg Xibf \ibf dirqih&



2<>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj _xkgbol Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

 Gbca Jkkh Qsa Ke Gahioifa Bfh Pajbif Diea

Gp& K`qfa$ 11$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk

If Bqjqsx 299:$ I zbs hibjfksah xk lbua sxkgbol obfoap$ zliol ~pkjpassiuady s~pabh& Bf k~apbxikf ekddkzah iggahibxady& Xzk yabps dbxap$ ix lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla dyg~l jdbfhs skgazlapa fabp xla bpxapy if xla b`hkgaf bfh xla hkoxkp jbua ga kfa yabp xk diua& I haoihah I zkqdh haeabx obfoap bfh àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh bfxi' obfoap hpqjs& Bs b pasqdx$ xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ xla xqgkp pahqoah if si}a& Bx xla afh ke Gbpol xlis yabp$ ix eqpxlap pahqoah rqiocdy bfh gy zisl zbs jkifj xk àokga pabdixy& I sqeeapah b dkx epkg xla siha aeeaoxs$ lkzauap& If b sxbxa ke hisokgekpx$ I eadx xla sxpkfj qpja xk xbca iggqfa `kksxifj bfh bfxi'obfoap xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa Xibf \ibf dirqih& _aaifj gy ~pasafx okfhixikf$ eaz zkqdh àdiauah xlbx xla hkoxkp kfoa ~pahioxah gy habxl if kfdy kfa yabp& If xla gihhda ke Bqjqsx$ bexap xla xliph a|bgifbxikf$ xla hkoxkp if olbpja okfeipgah bjbif xlbx xla xqgkp ca~x haopabsifj if si}a& If ebox$ I zbs a|~aoxifj xlbx xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2<2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

obfoap oadds gijlx gijlx lbua àaf zi~ah kqx okg~daxady& Kf xla kxlap lbfh$ I pagifhah gysade xk safsi`dy caa~ bdapx& Lkz okqdh ix à sk absy; Ekp OX sobf slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds sxidd a|isxah$ bs ie sxidd jpb`ìfj bx ga& Bfyzby$ I$ gysade$ zbs sqp~pisah bx gy rqioc paokuapy if mqsx kfa yabp& If xla eboa ke xlis gkfsxap hisabsa$ caa~ifj b jkkh gafxbd bxxixqha ~dbys b sijfieiobfx pkda if labdifj& Dkfj'xapg xpabxgafx obf sqpady dabh xk hisxpass& Xla hisabsa saags xk paoaha bx kfa xiga$ kfdy xk sxpica `boc zixl eqdd ekpoa xla fa|x xiga bpkqfh& Ix is$ xlapaekpa$ faoassbpy xk caa~ kfasade if b jkkh gkkh bx bdd xigas& @kxl xla gafxbd bfh ~lysiobd sxbxas ke xla ~bxiafx slkqdh à hisoi~difah& Okfxpbpy xk xla hkoxkp’s ~pahioxikf$ I lbua sqpuiuah ~aboaeqddy ekp kuap kfa yabp& Fkz$ I haodbpa bdkqh xlbx I obf —xbca b `pabxl‗& I lbh ~pa~bpah b haodbpbxikf ke paxqpf xk diea$ `qx sifoa xla xqgkp sxidd pagbifs if gy `khy$ I obf kfdy sby —xbca b `pabxl‗& Dica bdd kxlap ~bxiafxs$ I lbua jkfa xlpkqjl ubpikqs kphabds bfh gahixbxah b dkx b`kqx diea if jafapbd& I lbua opabxah b za`sixa zlapa I padbxa gy a|~apiafoas if eijlxifj obfoap if xla lk~a ke ~pkuihifj b ~dboa ekp kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs bfh xlaip ebgidy gagàps xk xlifc bfh sxqhy xlaip k~xikfs& Xla za`sixa is xla pasqdx ke gy a|~dkpbxikfs$ ifs~ipah zixl gy `dkkh bfh afapjy zkuaf ifxk ix& Afxixdah —Lkz xk Haeabx Obfoap‗$ ix is fkx kfdy b paokph ke lks~ixbd xpabxgafxs `qx bdsk gy ~apskfbd a|~apiafoas if haeabxifj obfoap& I lk~a I okqdh slbpa zixl kxlap ~bxiafxs zlk bpa sqeeapifj epkg obfoap& Ie gy a|~apiafoas okqdh à gbha b paeapafoa$ ix zidd à xla jpabxasx lkfkp ekp ga& Ix is b uapy sapikqs bfh ig~kpxbfx issqa xk eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& I lk~a xlbx auapy kfa ke ykq obf okfxpi`qxa skga ifekpgbxikf$ bhuioa$ eaadifjs$ ~pk`dags$ axo&

ekp

a|olbfja bfh hisoqssikf& Fkz$ I zbca q~ bx 1 k’odkoc if xla gkpfifj bfh xbca b zbdc 2<0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

fabp gy lkga& Xkhby$ I gax b okq~da I lbua okggqfiobxah zixl ekp gbfy yabps& Za lbuaf’x gax ekp xzk yabps bfh ix pabddy saags dica b dkfj xiga& Za jpaaxah abol kxlap bfh saaifj xlag haa~dy if dkua bfh labdxly$ I eadx gysade dijlxap bfh if b àxxap gkkh& gkkh& I paskdua bjbif xlbx I slkqdh gbca gbca gkpa aeekpxs if gy ~apskfbd sxpqjjdas& I lk~a bdd obfoap ~bxiafxs zidd fauap jiua q~ bfh okfxifqa eijlxifj dica ga&

 _xbpx Zixl Xla Uioxkpy Bx Xla Zai Ri Okg~axixikf

Gp& Eqpkxbcb$ :8$ Paxipah$ Xkoliji Okqfxy

If Gbpol 2999$ xla hkoxkp hibjfksah ga bs sqeeapifj epkg sxkgbol obfoap& _qpjapy xkkc obpa ke pagkuifj xzk xliphs ke gy sxkgbol& Bdxlkqjl I skkf paokuapah$ gy labdxl zkpsafah epkg Mqfa kfzbphs& Gy zaijlx hpk~~ah hpbsxiobddy bfh I zbs `kxlapah `y xla sqs~ioikf xlbx xla obfoap lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah&

Xlasa idd'gabfifj xlkqjlxs bfh

sqs~ioikfs lbqfxah ga& I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf bfh skkf$ xla obfoap ifhiobxikf ,OBI 9'9) zbs b dixxda lijlap& Xla fkpgbd pbfja is ?1'?: `qx gifa zbs 22<' 201$ 21?'2<> bfh zbs odigìfj gkfxl `y gkfxl& Ix auaf pabolah 08< if Haoagàp& Bx xlbx xiga$ I pabh `kkcs zpixxaf `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk bfh àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bf a|bgifbxikf if Mbfqbpy okfeipgah xlbx xla obfoap bxxbocah bjbif& Xla hkoxkp if olbpja gax zixl gy ebgidy xk ~pa~bpa xlag ekp xla ifauixb`da& Bexap hpifcifj Xibf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

\ibf dirqih$ lkzauap$ gy sxpafjxl saagah xk paokuap& Fifa gkfxls dbxap$ I xkkc ~bpx if xla Zai Ri okg~axixikf kpjbfi}ah `y xla dkobd jkuapfgafx kqx ke oqpiksixy& I àobga xla ziffap" Xk zif zixl sk dixxda xiga ekp ~pa~bpbxikf$ ix zbs ig~kpxbfx xk ekoqs ifxafsady kf xla jkbd&

Xk `pifj zlbx is boliauah if xpbififj ifxk eqdd ~dby$ gafxbd bfh ~lysiobd

sxpafjxl is parqipah& Ie kfa is if b skppy ~lysiobd sxbxa$ ix is ig~kssi`da xk zif& Bs ekp ga$ I pabddy eadx gy sxpafjxl ~abcah if xla okg~axixikf& If Mbfqbpy 0>>2$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk qfhapjk ubpikqs a|bgifbxikfs& Xla AOLK a|bg zliol zbs okfhqoxah eipsx$ zbs fk hieeapafx epkg xla dbsx a|bgifbxikf& Xla OX sobf kf xla b`hkgaf$ afhksok~y$ bfh \'pby kf xla olasx zapa hkfa& Xla hkoxkp qxxapah zlbx gbha ga hadipikqsdy lb~~y& —Auapyxlifj is fkpgbd"‗ Bs la a|~passah lis sbxiseboxikf kuap gy xasx pasqdxs$ I xlkqjlx xlbx auapyxlifj zbs hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& _k obddah xpabxgafxs fkz ifukduah fkxlifj gkpa xlbf xbcifj gahioifa bfh lbuifj pajqdbp olaoc'q~s$ zliol ifubpib`dy pauabd xlbx auapyxlifj is fkpgbd& I bg okfuifoah xlbx I slkqdh xlbfc xla gysxapikqs ~kzap epkg gahioifbd lap`s if Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif xlbx lad~ah ga haeabx obfoap&



2<8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla Kfa Zlk _qpuiuah Obfoap _xbfhs @aekpa Ykq

Gp& Ck`bybsli$ :2$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

If xla bqxqgf ke 299<$ I zbs hibjfksah xk lbua ~pkjpassiua sxkgbol obfoap hqpifj gy bffqbd labdxl a|bg& Xla afhksok~y hih fkx slkz bfyxlifj zpkfj bfh I hih fkx eaad qfokgekpxb`da& Bexap I booa~xah xla hkoxkp’s bhuioa ekp bf k~apbxikf$ I àjbf xk okddaox ifekpgbxikf xlbx zkqdh lad~ ga ga okg`bx obfoap& I lbh fk ihab b`kqx xlis hisabsa bfh slkqdh xlbfc padbxiuas bfh epiafhs zlk bssisxah ga dkkc ekp padaubfx bfh qsaeqd ifekpgbxikf& Xlis `pkqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih xk gy bxxafxikf& Zlaf I okfxboxah xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf$ xla okfsqdxbfx xkdh ga b`kqx xla obsa ke b eagbda ~bxiafx& _la sqeeapah epkg kubpibf obfoap$ `qx$ bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds$ paokuapah gqol xk xla hkoxkp’s sqp~pisa&

_la jbifah okfeihafoa bfh ekqjlx gkpa okqpbjakqsdy bjbifsx

obfoap& Paobddifj xlis ~bxiafx’s okqpbja bfh zixl gy epiafhs’ gkpbd sq~~kpx$ I zbs okfuifoah xlbx I gqsx ha~afh kfdy kf Xibf \ibf dirqih& I àjbf xk xbca xlis dirqih bexap gy k~apbxikf& Xla k~apbxikf zbs sqooasseqd& Xzk zaacs dbxap$ I àjbf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bjbif bfh xlaf$ qfhapzafx bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx& Xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I zbs a|ag~xah epkg xla siha aeeaoxs bfh eifislah xla xpabxgafx zixlkqx xkk gqol sqeeapifj& âk~da zapa sqp~pisah bfh hadijlxah& I zbs auaf xlaf gkpa okfuifoah ke xla aeeioboy ke Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2<1


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Epkg xla xiga I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd q~ xk fkz$ I lbua okfxifqah xk xbca 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh 8 Xibf \ibf ~idds& Gy pajqdbp a|bgifbxikfs slkz xlbx auapyxlifj b`kqx ga is fkpgbd& _ifoa gy zlkda sxkgbol lbh àaf pagkuah$ I àobga zabc xag~kpbpidy `qx paokuapah skkf afkqjl& Fkz$ `kxl gy gafxbd gafxbd bfh ~lysiobd sxbxas bpa jkkh& I obf lad~ gy ziea hk skga odabfifj$ slk~~ifj$ zbslifj$ axo& I bg lb~~y xk pabh bfh ~qxxap bpkqfh xla ybph& Gy epiafhs sby xlbx I hk fkx dkkc dica b ~bxiafx bx bdd& If kphap xk ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis$ bfh xk haeabx obfoap okg~daxady$ I lbua haoihah xk okfxifqa gy Xibf \ibf pajigaf& I$ zlk zbs kfoa eboah zixl habxl$ ubdqa auapy hby ke gy diea sk bs fkx xk lbua bfy pajpaxs&

 Asob~a Epkg Xla Xafxbodas Ke Bfxi'obfoap Hpqj

Dbhy Xbcbhb$ 1<$ Lkqsaziea$ _lijb Okqfxy

Ix zbs bx xla afh ke 299< xlbx I cfaz Gkxlap lbh sxkgbol obfoap&

Ix zbs

qfa|~aoxah xlbx Gkxlap$ zlk pagbifah sk afapjaxio fk gbxxap zlbx xla iddfass sla gby lbua obqjlx$ zbs ekqfh xk lbua obfoap hqpifj lap ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf& Ix slkzah xlbx Gkxlap’s obfoap lbh hauadk~ah xk xla xliph sxbja bfh xla hkoxkp haodbpah xlbx sla kfdy lbh kfa yabp& Za fk dkfjap pauabdah xlis ifekpgbxikf xk lap bfh xkdh lap xlbx sla kfdy

2<5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

lbh qdoap bfh xlbx bf k~apbxikf gby à ~apekpgah xk pagkua xlpaa ekqpxls ke lap sxkgbol bfh xla sqppkqfhifj dyg~l jdbfhs& Bdxlkqjl xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah bf k~apbxikf$ I zbs sxidd sqpa xlbx xlapa zapa kxlap gahioifas xlbx okqdh ~pkdkfj lap diea zixlkqx bdd xla sqeeapifjs xlbx xla zasxapf gahiobd xpabxgafxs gby obqsa& Bs I zbs sabpolifj ekp bfy cifh ke gahioifa$ b epiafh ifxpkhqoah Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ga& ga& Zixlkqx hadby$ I dax Gkxlap xbca xla dirqih ekp kfa zaac àekpa xla solahqdah k~apbxikf& _ifoa Gkxlap zbs fauap xkdh ke lap beedioxikf$ sla hih fkx hpifc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp bdgksx lbde b yabp& Zlaf xla obfoap oadds s~pabh xk lap ~aduis$ za lbh xk xadd lap xla xpqxl sk sla zkqdh lad~ qs eijlx lap hisabsa& Gkxlap haoihah xlapa bfh xlaf xk pady kf Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xk hpifc ix iggahibxady& _kkf bexap xla obfoap oadds gaxbsxbsi}ah xk lap kubpy$ Gkxlap lbh lap kubpias pagkuah&

Zlida paoaiuifj ifxpbuafkqs ifmaoxikf zixl bfxi'obfoap hpqj$ sla fkx kfdy

gbifxbifah lap sxpafjxl `qx bdsk paokuapah rqiocdy& Xlis sqp~pisah xla hkoxkp if olbpja àobqsa jafapbddy$ xla siha aeeaoxs ke bfxi'obfoap hpqjs okqdh obqsa xla zabcafifj ke xla iggqfa sysxag bfh xla ~lysiobd sxpafjxl& Gkxlap$ kf xla kxlap lbfh$ obf sxidd obppy kqx dijlx lkqsazkpc bfh hih fkx auaf dksa lap b~~axixa& Gkxlap bfh bdd kqp ebgidy gagàps xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih& I xlifc ix zkqdh à bfkxlap sixqbxikf ie za kfdy padiah kf zasxapf gahioifa& Q~ xidd fkz$ Gkxlap okfxifqas xk hpifc 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& Xla hkoxkp gissah kf lis habxl safxafoa kf Gkxlap& _la diuas q~ xk fkz zixl xla lad~ ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ke okqpsa$ ix hkas fkx gabf xlbx xlapa is fk dicadilkkh ke bfkxlap bxxboc if xla eqxqpa$ `qx gy gkxlap bfh I lbua ~dahjah xk sqpuiua ix xkjaxlap& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2<:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 @adiauifj Is Xla @asx Xpabxgafx

Gp& Fksbci$ 51$ Okg~bfy Hipaoxkp$ Xkcyk

Kf Mqfa :$ 2999$ zlida qfhapjkifj pajqdbp gahiobd olaoc'q~$ xla hkoxkp eadx xlapa zbs skgaxlifj zpkfj zixl gy ifxapfbd kpjbfs bfh kphapah eqpxlap xasxs& I zbs lix zixl lkppi`da fazs bexapzbphs& Xla fa|x hby$ I xkkc xla \'pby ~lkxk xlbx slkzah skgaxlifj zpkfj bfh zafx xk saa ^pkeasskp J$ b sqpjakf$ if xla lks~ixbd bxxbolah xk C Qfiuapsixy& La hibjfksah xla sixqbxikf bs —~pkjpassiua sxkgbol obfoap‗ bfh sqjjasxah sqpjapy pijlx bzby& I pabdi}ah xlbx xk haeabx xla hisabsa$ b odksa padbxikfsli~ gqsx à asxb`dislah àxzaaf hkoxkp bfh ~bxiafx sk I haoihah xk laah lis bhuioa& Bdxlkqjl I okqdh fkx igbjifa lkz ~kzapeqd obfoap is$ I cfaz ix zbs ifopabsifj ~ap saokfh if gy `khy& Xla pasqdx okqdh à qfigbjifb`da ie fkxlifj zbs rqiocdy hkfa xk sxk~ ix& Kf xk~ ke xla gahiobd xpabxgafxs$ I bdsk olksa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bexap b xlkpkqjl sxqhy ke xla ~pkhqox&

Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa hieeaps epkg zasxapf

gahioifa if xlbx ix ~pkhqoas hpbgbxio aeeaoxs kf oapxbif syg~xkgs bfh ag~lbsi}as xla ig~pkuagafx ke xla ~lysirqa bfh pahqoxikf ke siha aeeaoxs&

2<<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I xlkqjlx ie xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx bfxi'obfoap xpabxgafx zbs faoassbpy$ I slkqdh hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih àekpalbfh xk bddauibxa xla siha aeeaoxs& I lbh lk~ah xkk xlbx skga hpbgbxio aeeaox zkqdh kooqp kp gbyà xla xqgkp zkqdh à ekqfh xk lbua pahqoah sk xlbx k~apbxikf gby àokga qffaoassbpy& Xlasa zapa bdd ~kssiìdixias& ~kssiìdixi as& I ~pkoaahah xk hpifc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih ekqp xigas b hby& Bs I zbs if xla lks~ixbd$$ I sqjjasxah xla ke hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xla hkoxkp if olbpja bfh jkx lis ~apgissikf& Xlaf$ I okfxifqah xk hpifc xla dirqih xidd xla fijlx àekpa xla k~apbxikf& Bdxkjaxlap$ I hpbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp 00 hbys& I lbh lk~ah xlbx hqpifj xla ~pa'k~apbxikf olaoc'q~$ I zkqdh à xkdh xlbx xla xqgkp lbh hisb~~abpah kp$ bx dabsx$ pahqoah& If ebox$ I zbs hisb~~kifxah& I sxidd àdiauah$ xlkqjl$ xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih okqdh gkpa kp dass ~pauafx xla jpkzxl ke xla xqgkp bfh bssisx if xla sqooasseqd okg~daxikf ke xla k~apbxikf& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xla dyg~l xasx bexap xla k~apbxikf slkzah xla obfoap oadds hih fkx s~pabh xk xla 11 dyg~l fkhas xlbx lbh àaf oqx kee bfh `dkkh xasx bdsk hih fkx slkz bfy xpboa ke gaxbsxbsis& Xla pasqdxs$ if slkpx$ zapa àxxap xlbf a|~aoxah& I xkkc ix ekp jpbfxah xlbx sifoa xla xqgkp lbh àaf pagkuah$ obfoap oadds$ xkk$ hisb~~abpah& I pabddy hih fkx zbfh xk bjbif à obqjlx qfbzbpa ekp I lbh ~bih b lijl ~pioa if xapgs ke ~bif bfh zkppy& Fkz$ I cfkz ix is fkx hqa xk xla sqooasseqd k~apbxikf xlbx xla obfoap oadds hih fkx gaxbsxbsi}ah& I àdiaua ix slkqdh à bxxpi`qxah xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol ekqjlx bjbifsx xla obfoap oadds if gy `khy& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ I zbdcah bpkqfh xk rqiocaf xla labdifj ke gy zkqfh$ bfh$ bexap I okqdh xbca dirqih ekkh bjbif$ I bxa dirqih ekkh eiua xigas b hby xk gbifxbif xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 2<9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

eqfoxikf ke gy hijasxiua kpjbf& Ix zbs fkx absy ekp I bdsk lbh xk bukih kuap'abxifj$ zliol zkqdh dabh xk pauapsa edkz& I lbh xk ~by bxxafxikf fkx xk abx ifhijasxi`da ekkh$ zliol okqdh obqsa k`sxpqoxikf& Bs I zbs b`kqx xk dabua xla lks~ixbd$ xla fqxpixikfisx xkdh ga pa~abxahdy xk ekddkz xla ~pifoi~das ke ~pk~ap hiax `qx I hih fkx a|~aox lbuifj hieeioqdxias if bìhifj `y xlag& I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd xlpaa zaacs bexap xla k~apbxikf bfh pasqgah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekqp xigas b hby& Ix a|apxah jpabx aeekpx xk xbca ix bx ei|ah lkqps `qx xla xiga zbs obdoqdbxah bookphifj xk gy ~lysikdkjiobd pas~kfsa& Xk sqooasseqddy haeabx obfoap$ I slkqdh sxioc xk xla solahqda& If hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I eaad b safsa ke okgekpx epkg xla `kxxkg ke gy labpx& Ix is uapy ig~kpxbfx xk olkksa xla gksx sqixb`da kfa epkg bgkfxl xla ubpikqs bfxi' obfoap gahioifas bubidb`da if xla gbpcax$ àdiaua ix bfh xbca ix qfhap ifsxpqoxikfs& Xla cifh ke Xibf \ibf dirqih I xbca is xla _xpkfj Olifa Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih& _kga ~bxiafxs eifh ix hieeioqdx xk hpifc& hpifc&

B_ ekp ga$ gbyà I bg b dixxda k`xqsa3 I faixlap xbsxa ixs

edbukpfkp eaad xlbx I bg xbcifj gahioifa$ `qx pbxlap skga fqxpixikqs mqioa& If b zkph$ I hk fkx pabox uikdafxdy bjbifsx ix& Bexap I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd$ I ekqfh xla `kkc —Gkxlap is sxq~ih bfh I sqeeap epkg Obfoap‗ ,zpixxaf `y Jqbf Jaf Mif bfh ~q`dislah `y Pi Mifj @@ ^q`dislifj Lkqsa)& Gksx ~ak~da gby lbua pabh xlis `kkc$ zliol jiuas bookqfx b`kqx kfa’s eijlx bjbifsx ask~lbjqs obfoap if xla ekpg ke b hibpy& Ix is rqixa gabfifjeqd xk b obfoap ~bxiafx bfh gagàps ke lis ebgidy& Xibf \ibf dirqih is bdsk gafxikfah if xla `kkc& Hqpifj xla bqxlkp’s sxby if xla lks~ixbd ekp ask~lbjqs obfoap$ la k`xbifah gqol ifekpgbxikf b`kqx obfoap epkg xla Ifxapfax$ padbxiuas bfh epiafhs bfh eifbddy olksa _KH$ 29>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zliol is bhukobxah `y Hp& Xq ]qk Rifj _lqi Hbf Yq bfh Xibf \ibf dirqih `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk&

Bs la paoaiuah xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd$ la bdsk xkkc xla b`kua xzk

gahioifas& Bs b pasqdx$ xla xqgkp pahqoah if si}a bfh eifbddy hisb~~abpah& La dbxap paeqsah xla k~apbxikf bfh paxqpfah lkga zadd& Paoafxdy$ Gp& Jqbf Jaf ~q`dislah xla sarqad —Obfoap is xla Ebxa bfh Paokuapy is xla Hasxify‗ ,_qf ^dbffifj ^q`dislifj Lkqsa)&

Xla `kkc fkx kfdy jbua b haxbidah

ifxpkhqoxikf xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ `qx bdsk hasopiàh xla bqxlkp’s uisix xk xla pasabpol ifsxixqxikf ke Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk if Olbfj @bi Gkqfxbif& Za bp gkuah gkuah `y lis boxikfs bfh eaad lis okqpbja if xla eboa ke obfoap `y pabhifj xla `kkc& Ekp ~bxiafxs zlk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih$ Gp& Jqbf Jaf sapuas bs b jpabx ifs~ipbxikf& Ix is kfa yabp sifoa gy k~apbxikf bfh xlapa lbs àaf fk sijf ke bfkxlap bxxboc fkp gaxbsxbsis& _i| gkfxls bjk$ I pahqoah xla bgkqfx ke Xibf \ibf dirqih xk xzk xigas b hby mqsx ekp ~pauafxikf& I sifoapady lk~a xlbx I obf paokuap sqooasseqddy bfh caa~ obfoap bzby&





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Eaad Xla Assafoa Ke Diea Bjbif

Gp& Zbxbsa$ 15$ Ag~dkyaa$ _bjb Okqfxy

If Gby 2999$ I zbs xkdh I lbh kfa xy~a ke ~pkjpassiua sxkgbol obfoap&

I

sq`maoxah gy sade xk sqpjapy bx xla _koibd Ifsqpbfoa Lks~ixbd if La ]qk Okqfxy& B`kqx xlpaa ekqpxls ke gy sxkgbol zbs oqx kee bfh I sxbyah if xla lks~ixbd ekp b zaac& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy hbqjlxap$ zlk zbs if Xkcyk$ obga `boc xk La ]qk xk xbca obp ke ga& _la `pkqjlx zixl lap b `kkc b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih& @aekpa I eifislah pabhifj xla `kkc$ I zbs bdpabhy abjap xk sxbpx hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bs skkf bs ~kssi`da& Kfa zaac bexap xla k~apbxikf$ I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih zixl xla hkoxkp’s ~apg9ssikf& Xla hksbja zbs 2> gd auapy ekqp lkqps bfh 5 xigas ~ap hby& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ xla hkoxkp lbh a|~dbifah xlbx ~bxiafxs zkqdh fkpgbddy eaad okfsxpioxikf if xla olasx bfh ukgix zixlkqx a|oa~xikf$ sk I slkqdh fkx zkppy ie sqol zapa xk lb~~af& Okfxpbpy xk lis ~pahioxikf$ fkx kfoa hih I ukgix bfh I paokuapah absidy& I paoaiuah ifmaoxikfs ke iggqfa `kksxap ekp b zaac `qx hih fkx eaad bfy siha aeeaox sk I xlkqjlx ix gqsx à hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gy zaijlx hpk~~ah epkg <> cj xk 51 cj bexap xla k~apbxikf& Ix pksa xk :1 cj if kfa yabps xiga bfh xk <> cj xlpaa yabps dbxap& Gy sxkgbol bdsk paokuapah ixs fkpgbd eqfoxikfs bfh sk hih gy gy b~~axixa& Auaf xla hkoxkp zbs sqp~pisah& Xla hkoxkp zbpfah xlbx obfoap gijlx bxxboc bjbif zixlif xzk yabps `qx xlpaa yabps lbua ~bssah sifoa xlaf bfh sxidd xlapa is fk sijf ke bfkxlap bxxboc& Xla xasxs auapy xlpaa gkfxls sk ebp lbh fkx slkzf bfyxlifj zpkfj& Fkz$ gy diea lbs paxqpfah xk fkpgbd bfh I bdsk paxqpfah xk gy eipaeijlxifj ~ksx bfh àjbf xk afjbja if s~kpxs bjbif&

290



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Gy _ifoapa _qjjasxikfs

Dbhy Cisligb$ :9$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk

Gy gkxlap ~bssah bzby aijlx gkfxls bexap bf k~apbxikf& Fauapxladass$ Fauapxladass $ I sxidd zbfx xk zpixa hkzf gy eaadifjs xk ~pkuiha skga paeapafoa ekp xlksa lk~adass ~bxiafxs& Zlaf gy gkxlap zbs hibjfksah bs lbuifj sxkgbol obfoap$ ix lbh bdpabhy gaxbsxbsi}ah xk xla dbpja ifxasxifa bfh lap ~bfopabs& Xla k~apbxikf pagkuah xla zlkda sxkgbol bfh b dbpja ~bpx ke xla ~bfopabs bfh xla dbpja ifxasxifa& If kxlap zkphs$ bdd xla ~bpxs beedioxah zixl xqgkps lbh xk à xbcaf kqx& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ Gkxlap àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih xlpkqjl gy bqfx’s ifsxijbxikf& Kfa gkfxl dbxap$ xla fqpsa zlk xkkc obpa ke gy gkxlap bscah oqpikqsdy zlaxlap sla zbs xbcifj bfy gahioifa gahioifa xlbx okqdh ~pkuiha lap `khy fqxpixikf&

I zbs

kùikqs xlbx Gkxlap’s paokuapy zbs rqiocdy àifj bxxbifah bfh sla zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd&

Za bdd xlkqjlx xlbx ix okqdh à bxxpi`qxah xk Xibf \ibf dirqih$ sk Gkxlap

okfxifqah xk hpifc xlis bx lkga& Bs bs pasqdx$ xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj zapa fkx b~~bpafx& Lap ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf kf xla xliph gkfxl bexap dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ lkzauap$ slkzah xlbx xla obfoap ifhiobxkp slkx xlpkqjl xla olbpx& Xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah xbcifj okfoafxpbxah bfxi'obfoap hpqjs$ zliol zbs b dbsx paokqpsa& Bdxlkqjl$ xla uikdafx siha aeeaoxs gbfieasxah if gbmkpixy ke xla ~bxiafxs$ xla sqooass pbxa ke xlis cifh ke xpabxgafx is Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 29?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

kuap 5>!& _lkqdh za booa~x xlis skdqxikf kp fkx; Bdd xla ebgidy gagàp zapa xpkq`dah `y lbuifj xk gbca xlis haoisikf `qx za bdd k~xah ekp xlis dbsx olbfoa ekp kqp gkxlap& B`kqx kfa gkfxl dbxap$ Gkxlap àjbf xk ukgix xappi`dy bfh sqeeapah sapikqs sxkgbxixis sqol xlbx sla zbs qfb`da xk hpifc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfygkpa& Zly hih za fkx dax lap xbca xla Xibf \ibf dirqih fkf'sxk~; Za pajpax xlis sk gqol fkz" Bdxlkqjl Gkxlap àjbf xk hpifc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih q~kf dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ ix zbs xlaf xkk dbxa& _la bjbif lbh xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd bs xla siha aeeaoxs zapa sxidd gbfieasxifj& Xlis xiga$ sla zbs qfb`da xk okga `boc lkga& Dbxap$ za ekqfh kqx xlbx zlafauap Xibf \ibf dirqih obffkx à xbcaf kpbddy$ ix obf à pa~dboah `y xla Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy& Bdxlkqjl za okqdh fkx okfeipg xla bfxi'obfoap ~pk~apxy ke Xibf \ibf dirqih if Gkxlap’s obsa$ ix zbs bf qfhafib`da ebox xlbx sla paokuapah lap sxpafjxl auapy xiga sla zkqdh xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& Gkxlap’s sixqbxikf odabpdy slkzah xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih gixijbxah xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj ke dkz hafsixy& Lkzauap$ zlaf Gkxlap sxbpxah xk paoaiuah okfoafxpbxah lijl hafsixy bfxi'obfoap hpqj$ siha aeeaoxs zapa fk dkfjap bukihb`da fkp okfxpkddb`da&

Xla sladuas if xla `kkcsxkpas bpa difa zixl

ifekpgbxikf kf a|~apiafoas ke gipbodas if haeabxifj obfoap$ zliol gafxikf sqol xpabxgafxs bs slbpc obpxidbja$ zbxap skdq`da CIXK_BF$ uixbgif sq~~dagafxs$ BJBDIC_ ykqfj ~idksa bfxdap$ dkrqbfx dabe$ zbpg ~passqpa xpabxgafx$ axo& Za lbh ~pk`b`dy xpiah bdd xla bubidb`da gahiobxikf `qx ix zbs Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx ~pkuah xk à gksx aeeaoxiua bgkfj xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Qfekpxqfbxady$ b gipboda zbs fkx gabfx ekp gy gkxlap& @qx$ I sxidd àdiaua Xibf \ibf dirqih is xla kfdy gahioifa gahioifa xlbx okqdh lbua opabxah xlbx gipboda&

298



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 I @adiaua If Gipbodas

Olaf Zafolbk$ 5>$ Uaxapbf$ Jbk|ikfj$ Xbizbf

Ekp xla dkfjasx xiga$ I lbh àaf eaadifj okfsxbfx ~bif if gy sxkgbol zlafauap I ifjasxah ekkh& I kexaf eadx uapy qfokgekpxb`da bexapzbphs bfh zkqdh aixlap ukgix kp liooq~& If Mqfa 299<$ I zbs hibjfksah xk lbua sxkgbol obfoap& _qpjapy ekddkzah xk pagkuah xla zlkda sxkgbol& Kfdy bexap I paokuapah gy sxpafjxl hih gy gy ziea xadd ga ga xlbx xla hkoxkp ifekpgah lap ke xla haxapikpbxikf ke xla obfoap& Ix lbh$ if ebox$ s~pabh xk gy gy zlkda `khy bfh gy diea zbs if jpabx hbfjap& Xlbx zbs zly xbcifj kqx xla zlkda sxkgbol àobga faoassbpy& Ix zbs kfdy bexap gy paoq~apbxikf epkg xla ~pkoahqpa xlbx I ekqfh kqx I dksx gy sxkgbol& _ifoa I lbh bdzbys àaf ~assigisxio `y fbxqpa$ I boxqbddy sqs~aoxah xlbx I gby lbua obqjlx sxkgbol obfoap auaf àekpa xlis auafx okfeipgah xla ebox& Ix zbs fkx sqol b sqp~pisa xk lbua gy sqs~ioikfs uapieiah& I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd xla ekddkzifj gkfxl& Gy ziea ekqfh kqx b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih epkg gbjb}ifa bpxiodas bfh sxbpxah xk pabh padaubfx `kkcs obpaeqddy&

Zlaf sla pabh xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih is ~bpxioqdbpdy

aeeaoxiua ekp sxkgbol obfoap$ sla iggahibxady `kqjlx xla ~pkhqox bfh qpjah ga xk hpifc xla sbga& Xlis zbs if xla àjiffifj ke Bqjqsx&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Gy ebgidy paixapbxah xlbx xla Xibf \ibf dirqih is b`skdqxady aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap bfh I ekqfh xlbx I zbs xpqdy pajbififj gy sxpafjxl& I eadx ekp gysade xlbx xla soiafxieio odbigs ke xlis dirqih zapa xpqa& Bdd gy epiafhs bfh padbxiuas zlk uisixah kexaf àobga a|oixah bx gy ~pkjpass& I bg okfuifoah xlbx xla gipboda lbs àaf opabxah `y Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh I zidd okfxifqa xk hpifc xlis xk haeabx obfoap okg~daxady àobqsa$ fkz$ I bg sqpa xlbx xlapa is b olbfoa ke pajbififj gy xkxbd labdxl kfa hby&

 Obfoap Hisb~~abpah

Yaqfj Olifj Zbf$ 1<$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj

Ix lbh àaf fifa yabps sifoa obfoap zbs ekqfh if gy `khy& Bx xlbx xiga$ I zkpcah bs b odabfap if b `bfc&

Kfa hby$ I ebifxah bfh zbs `pkqjlx xk xla lks~ixbd&

Xla

afhksok~y slkzah b ~kdy~ if gy sxkgbol$ zliol zbs dbxap okfeipgah xk à obfoap& Xla hkoxkp a|~dbifah xlbx zlaf eipsx haxaoxah$ xla xqgkp zbs bs sgbdd bs b àbf& Ix zbs sqs~aoxah xk à jbsxpixis& Xla xqgkp jpaz pb~ihdy kf kfa gkfxl’s xiga xlbx ix zbs fkz xla si}a ke bf ajj& Ie xlis ~pkjpassikf okfxifqah bx sqol s~aah$ auaf bf k~apbxikf zkqdh à hieeioqdx bfh piscy& Gy ebgidy zbs ifekpgah xlbx gbyà I okqdh diua ekp xzk kp xlpaa zaacs& Xlis xappi`dy qfa|~aoxah fazs slkocah bdd xla gagàps ke gy ebgidy& Ekp

295



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gy sbca$ lkzauap$ xlay bdd ~paxafhah xk à obdg bfh xpiah xk gisdabh gisdabh ga& Xlaip gbffap bpkqsah gy sqs~ioikf$ lkzauap$ xlbx I gijlx lbua obqjlx bf ifoqpb`da hisabsa& I hih fkx zbfx xk hia zixlkqx cfkzifj xla pabskf sk I bscah xla hkoxkp hipaoxdy b`kqx gy sixqbxikf& _lkzifj ga gy \'pbys$ la okfeipgah xlbx I ~pk`b`dy lbh kfa gkfxl xk diua& I zbs hqgèkqfhah xk à jiuaf sqol b slkpx dabsl kf diea& I daex xla lks~ixbd zixlkqx bfy eqpxlap xpabxgafx àobqsa gy dbsx zisl zbs xk gaax gy afh if xla dkuifj okg~bfy ke gy ebgidy& Bx xlbx xiga$ b padbxiua xkdh ga xlbx lis gkxlap olabxah habxl `y hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Lis gkxlap zbs sqeeapifj epkg dqfj obfoap& La sqjjasxah xlbx I xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xlifcifj xlbx I okqdh bx dabsx padb| b ìx ie gy diea zkqdh à ~pkdkfjah fk gbxxap lkz slkpx b xiga$ I àjbf gy Xibf \ibf pajigaf& Xk gy bgb}agafx$ I sxk~~ah ukgixifj bfh hauadk~ah b labpxy b~~axixa& _q`sarqafxdy$ bexap xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp b yabp$ xla ajj'si}ah obfoap xqgkp if gy sxkgbol zbs pahqoah xk xla si}a ke b àbf& A|bgifbxikfs bexapzbphs slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds bpa okg~daxady jkfa&

 _adaoxah Xpabxgafxs Xpabxgafxs Ekp Kdh Bja ^bxiafx

Dbhy Cqpksbzb$ <:$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkcbihk

I sxidd pagagàp xlbx ix zbs if Fkuagàp 2991 zlaf Gkxlap sbih xlbx sla bdzbys eadx sdaa~y auaf zlaf sla lbh mqsx zbcaf q~&

Xlapa zbs bdzbys xlis safsbxikf ke



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ebifxfass zlaf sla sxkkh q~& Jbsxpksok~y dbxap slkzah sxkgbol obfoap bxxbocah bjbif ,OAB 0&:)& Hqa xk lap bja$ xla hkoxkp hispajbphah gahioifas xlbx zkqdh lbua obqsah lbpgeqd siha aeeaoxs bfh ifsxabh$ ~pasopiàh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Xla aeeaox ke xla dbxxap zbs fkx sk sqooasseqd& If Ea`pqbpy xla ekddkzifj yabp$ gy adhasx `pkxlap$ zlk zkpcah if Xbizbf$ `pkqjlx `boc Xibf \ibf dirqih$ sbih xk à uapy ~k~qdbp ekp ixs bfxi'obfoap ~pk~apxias& Gkxlap àjbf xbcifj 8 `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& Xk kqp hadijlx$ OAB hpk~~ah xk 0&> if Gbpol bfh xk 2&5 if Gby& Xla obfoap zbs haagah xk à kf xla haodifa& If Bqjqsx$ za xkkc ix ekp jpbfxah xlbx Gkxlap lbh eqddy paokuapah sk sla sxk~~ah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Okfsarqafxdy$ if xla gihhda ke Koxkàp$ sla àobga ifeaoxah zixl boqxa afxapixis zixl b eauap b`kua 8> hajpaas bfh sqeeapah epkg hibpplab$ zliol dbsxah ekp xlpaa hbys& _la zbs bjbif `pkqjlx xk xla lks~ixbd bfh padabsah if kfa gkfxl& Bjbif$ sla zbs beedioxah zixl hibpplab bfh xla OAB pksa xk 0&:& Dbxa if Mbfqbpy 299:$ sla àjbf xk hpifc xlpaa `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bjbif qfxid Koxkàp zlaf xla OAB hpk~~ah eqpxlap xk 2&8 bfh zbs ca~x qfhap okfxpkd& _la$ xlaf$ pahqoah lap Xibf \ibf hksbja xk kfa `kxxda ~ap hby& Fkz$ Gkxlap hkas fkx eaad bfy ~bif bx bdd& Bdxlkqjl sla is sxidd ~lysiobddy zabc$ lap hijasxiua eqfoxikf is rqixa ig~pkuah bfh sla sbys sla obf xbsxa xla ekkh& Gkxlap is if xla xzidijlx ke lap yabps bfh sla lbs b `bh gagkpy& _la okg~dbifs xlbx sla obffkx sdaa~ bx fijlx& Ekp ga$ xlis is xla edigsiasx ke lap ~pk`dags&

29<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Olkioa Xk Booa~x _idafxdy Kp Olbfja Gy Dieasxyda

Dbhy Fkhb$ 58$ Lkqsaziea$ Xkcyk

B`kqx xaf yabps bjk$ I zbs `qsy zkpcifj if xla Gkxlap @bddax Odbsspkkg bfh Fqpsapy zlida gy adhasx hbqjlxap zbs qfhap xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd& Gby àobqsa ke kuapzkpc$ I eadx boqxa ~bif bfh fbqsab bfh lbh xk à bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd gysade& Xla hkoxkp paokggafhah xlbx I sxby if xla lks~ixbd ekp eqpxlap xasxs bs I gijlx lbua skga cifh ke sxkgbol hisabsa& Xlis qfa|~aoxah sqjjasxikf sqp~pisah ga& If gy afxipa diea$ I kfdy zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk jiua ìpxl xk gy olidhpaf bfh bfkxlap xiga$ ekp sqpjapy kf gy obaoqg& I eifh xlbx xlis xiga$ I lbh xk sxby if xla lks~ixbd& Bexap I lbh ubpikqs xasxs$ bf k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah xk pagkua gy zlkda sxkgbol& I zbs padabsah xzk gkfxls dbxap `qx zbs pa'bhgixxah ekp xla hkoxkp xk ifmaox hpi~'eaahifj ifxk gy `khy& Bdd xlis xiga$ I hih fkx cfkz zlbx zbs lb~~afifj xk ga bdxlkqjl I eadx xlbx skgaxlifj zbs xappi`dy zpkfj zixl xla sixqbxikf& Bx xlbx xiga$ I sxbpxah xk eaad xappi`dy sioc& I dksx bdd gy gy lbip bfh a|~apiafoah hieeioqdxy if abxifj& _ifoa I lbh fk cfkzdahja ke gahiobd ~pkoahqpas$ ix zbs gy lqs`bfh zlk a|~dbifah auapyxlifj xk ga& Ix zbs kfdy xlaf xlbx I qfhapsxkkh xlbx xla hkoxkp zbs jiuifj ga bfxi'obfoap hpqj xk ~pauafx gaxbsxbsis kp xla s~pabh ke obfoap& Xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj gbha ga sqeeap lkppi`dy sk gqol sk xlbx I zbs auaf qfb`da xk xlifc odabpdy& Q~kf dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ I zbs sk zabcafah `y xla k~apbxikf kf gy sxkgbol Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 299


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bfh xk bukih k`sxpqoxikf if xla ifxasxifa bfh pauapsa edkz ke ekkh$ I zbs afmkifah xk abx uapy$ uapy sdkzdy& Xlqs$ xaf yabps ~bssah& Gy lqs`bfh bfh I sxidd xkkc xpi~s xk kxlap ~dboa bfh I paokuapah skga afapjy xk auaf xbca obpa ke gy jpbfhskf& Diea zbs fk hieeapafx epkg àekpa& Bs I zbs àjiffifj xk eaad okfeihafx bfh padb|ah b`kqx gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf$ gy pajqdbp ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf bjbif slkzah skgaxlifj zpkfj zixl gy hijasxiua kpjbf bfh dbpja ifxasxifa afhksok~y zbs parqipah& I àdiaua gbfy ~ak~da lbua qfhapjkfa sqol a|bgifbxikf& Xla ~bxiafx is fkpgbddy ifsxpqoxah xk ebsx ~pikp xk xlis a|bgifbxikf sk xlbx xla dbpja ifxasxifa zidd à ag~xy bfh odabf& @aekpa xla ~pkoahqpa$ xla ~bxiafx is jiuaf 0 dixaps ke ifxasxifa odabfifj zbxap xk hpifc& Zixl gy okfhixikf$ I lbh xk hpifc auaf fqxpiafxs if lbduas sk xlbx I okqdh if fk zby xbca 0 dixaps ke xlis ifxasxifa odabfifj zbxap& @aobqsa ke xlis ifbìdixy$ I lbh xk jiua q~ xla a|bgifbxikf& Kfa zaac dbxap$ I zbs bjbif if xla lks~ixbd xk paoaiua ifxasxifbd dbubja bfh `dkkh xasx bfh ekp eqpxlap k`sapubxikf `y xla hkoxkp& Gy lqs`bfh$ zlk lbh ~pauikqsdy lbh sqpjapy ekp sxkgbol obfoap xlpaa yabp àekpa$ bhuisah ga xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih zixl lig& @qx I ekqfh ix hieeioqdx xk szbddkz& I ekqfh kqx xlbx fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih zbs bhhah xk xla Xibf \ibf sapias ke ~pkhqoxs sk xlbx I zbs afokqpbjah xk hpifc xlis iggahibxady& Okfxpbpy xk gy a|~aoxbxikf$ ix zbs absy xk hpifc xla dirqih bexap bdd& I sxbpxah xlaf xk xbca xzk `kxxdas auapy hby& Bdxlkqjl xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih is hieeapafx epkg Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol is ifxafhah xk cidd obfoap bfh lbs xla sbga eqfoxikf bs kxlap fqxpixikqs dirqihs$ ix sxidd ig~pkuah bfh `kksxah gy iggqfixy& Ix zbs àfaeioibd xk gy labdxl bs ix okfxbifs xla sbga gahioifbd lap`s bs Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bexap xbcifj xlis ekp kfa zaac kp xaf hbys$ I 0>>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ekqfh xlbx sqol syg~xkgs dica eaadifj hb}ah kp `pabxldassfass zapa gifigi}ah& I fk dkfjap eadx okdh if gy lbfhs bfh eaax `qx zbpg bdd kuap& Bdxlkqjl I lbua xk okfxifqa bfh qfhapjk pajqdbp `dkkh xasx$ I a|~aox I zidd àfaeix xpagafhkqsdy epkg —Fbxqpbd Fqxpixikqs Dirqih‗&





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ifxasxifbd Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥



B Labdxliap Diea Bexap Obfoap Dbhy Kcq`k$ 5:$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

Bs xla ~pkuap` sbys$ —Eifh b edkbxifj zkkh zlaf hpkzfifj if zbxap‗& If Mqfa 2995$ bexap gahiobd a|bgifbxikfs if xlpaa hieeapafx lks~ixbds$ I zbs haodbpah xk lbua sijgkih eda|qpa obfoap ke xla ekqpxl sxbja& Rqasxikfs edbslah xlpkqjl gy gifh&

—Lkz

okqdh xlis à ~kssi`da;‗ I okqdh fkxlifj `qx disxaf xk xla hkoxkp& Bexap b zaac if xla lks~ixbd$ I xlkqjlx ix zbs xiga ekp sqpjapy `qx xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xk jiua gysade xiga& _q`sarqafxdy$ xla hkoxkp if olbpja a|~dbifah xk gy lqs`bfh bfh gysade xlbx xlapa is b sgbdd slbhkz if gy dqfj bfh xlbx ix zkqdh à àxxap xk oqx ix kee xkjaxlap xk bukih bfkxlap k~apbxikf& Bfkxlap hkoxkp xkdh qs xlbx I zkqdh lbua xk afhqpa jpabx ~bif bexap xla k~apbxikf& Gy lqs`bfh bfh I àobga xkfjqa'xiah& Xla k~apbxikf dbsxah ekp eiua lkqps bfh I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd xzk zaacs bexap& Bx xlbx xiga$ I oqpikqsdy ekqfh `kkcs bfh bhuapxisagafxs kf —haeabxifj obfoap‗& Xlis gassbja zbs epkg Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk zlk zbs xk hadiuap b daoxqpa if b uisix xk Mb~bf& I haoihah xk disxaf xk lis daoxqpa xk lbua b odabpap qfhapsxbfhifj ke zlbx la 0>0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gabfx& Hp& Zbfj’s ifsxpqoxikfs hqpifj xla daoxqpa zapa absy xk okg~palafh okg~palafh sk I haoihah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bexap& Xla aeeaox zbs sqp~pisifjdy gbpuadkqs& Xasxs hih fkx eifh bfyxlifj zpkfj zixl ga& Fkz I szig auapy hby xk caa~ labdxly bfh okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih qfxid I zidd à eqddy paokuapah& I slkqdh xlbfc gy lqs`bfh ekp daxxifj ga cfkz b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih& La diuah if Gbf ]lkq zlaf la zbs 2? xk 29 yabps kdh bfh$ hqpifj xla ekddkzifj 1> yabps$ asxb`dislah jkkh padbxikfsli~s bdd kuap Olifb bs b pas~aoxah gagàp ke xla Olifb'Mb~bf Epiafhsli~ Bsskoibxikf& Bx eipsx$ I pabddy hih fkx xpqsx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& I zbs rqixa dqocy xlbx gy lqs`bfh b~~diah ekp gy ~bpxioi~bxikf bx xla daoxqpa okfhqoxah `y Hp& Zbfj&

Fkz$ bdxlkqjl gahioifa if Mb~bf lbs bhubfoah pb~ihdy$ ihabd ~ksx'k~apbxikf

xpabxgafx lbs fkx yax àaf hauadk~ah&

Gbfy obfoap ~bxiafxs lbua xk a|~dkpa àxxap

xpabxgafx `y a|olbfjifj gqxqbd a|~apiafoas& Bs b pasqdx$ xlksa zlk hk fkx zbfx xk pauabd xlaip iddfass kp zisl xk hisoqss b`kqx ix kp zbfx xk cfkz b`kqx kxlap ~ak~da’s iddfass àokga iskdbxah bfh diua auapy hby ke xlaip beedioxah diea `y xlagsaduas& Ekp xlag$ xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf is xla àsx skqpoa ke ifekpgbxikf& Fkx kfdy obf ykq cfkz xla pasqdxs ke ubpikqs xpabxgafxs bfh xla ~pkoass ke hauadk~ifj xlasa faz gahioifas$ `qx ykq obf bdsk cfkz kxlap ~bxiafx’s eaadifjs bfh a|~apiafoas& I lk~a xlbx kxlap ~bxiafxs sqeeapifj epkg obfoap obf jax kqx ke xlaip sade' gbha slbhkzs bfh sxa~ ifxk xla sqfdijlx ke cfkzdahja bs skkf bs ~kssi`da&

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0>?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Haeabx Obfoap Zixl B`skdqxa Okfeihafoa

Gp& Khboli$ 8<$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Giybjbci Okqfxy

Kf Haoagàp 9$ 2999$ xla hkoxkp hibjfksah gy lqs`bfh bs lbuifj ~pkjpassiua paoxbd obfoap& Bf k~apbxikf dbsxifj ekqp bfh b lbde lkqps zbs ~apekpgah xla fa|x hby& _aaifj gy lqs`bfh qfhapjk okfoafxpbxah xpabxgafx zixl hqoxs ifsapxah if lis `khy$ I mqsx okqdh fkx lad~ `qx `pabc hkzf& Bookg~bfiah `y gy hbqjlxap$ I disxafah obpaeqddy xk xla hkoxkp if olbpja bs la hasopiàh xla sdioa ke xqgkp xbcaf kqx& Bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds hih fkx gaxbsxbsi}a$ xla xqgkp zbs a|~ksah epkg xla paoxqg bfh a|xafhah xk xla dyg~l uassads bpkqfh& Xla uisi`da ~bpx ke xla xqgkp zbs zlkddy pagkuah& Ix zbs szkddaf& _ixxifj if xla hkoxkp’s keeioa$ I eadx auapyxlifj jkifj kuap gy labh$ ubjqa bfh lbh fkxlifj zlbxskauap xk hk zixl ga& Bdxlkqjl I okqdhf’x booa~x xla ebox$ I zbs bx b dkss bfh sxidd lbh xk b~~abp afapjaxio afkqjl xk ok~y zixl odiafxs& Zlaf I paxqpfah lkga$ lkzauap$ I okqdhf’x lad~ ebddifj b~bpx& —Obfoap arqbds habxl&‗

Xlis xlkqjlx ca~x jkifj bpkqfh if gy gifh$

lbqfxifj ga dica bf auap ~pasafx jlksx& I lbua sqol b jkkh lqs`bfh& Zly hkas Jkh lbua xk à sk qfebip xk ga;

0>8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla hby àekpa gy lqs`bfh’s padabsa epkg xla lks~ixbd$ xla hkoxkp xkdh lig b`kqx xla paoxbd obfoap$ k~apbxikf bfh ~dbfs ekp qfhapjkifj bfxi'obfoap hpqj& Bdxlkqjl la zbs eipg if sijfieyifj lis okk~apbxikf xk xla xpabxgafx ~dbf$ I okqdh sxidd eaad lis slkoc bx bdd xla ifekpgbxikf la lbh xk sqhhafdy b`skp`& I ~pkoaahah xk eifh kqx gkpa b`kqx obfoap bfh bgkfj xla ifekpgbxikf I booassah zbs Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol zbs hauadk~ah `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk& Zixl xla bssisxbfoa ke xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf$ za obga ifxk okfxbox zixl ~ak~da gafxikfah gafxikfah if xla `kkc& Epkg xlaf kf$ I zbs okfuifoah xlbx kfdy Xibf \ibf dirqih obf oqpa gy lqs`bfh& Gy lqs`bfh àjbf xk xbca bfxi'obfoap hpqj ekp eiua hbys abol gkfxl ekp b ~apikh ke si| gkfxls& Bx xla sbga xiga$ la bdsk hpbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xla okgìfbxikf ke zasxapf gahioifa bfh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa fajbxah xla siha aeeaoxs zliol zbs rqixa b sqp~pisa ekp xla hkoxkp& _auapbd hbys bjk bfh auaf gkfxls bexap xla k~apbxikf$ gy lqs`bfh zafx xlpkqjl b haxbidah a|bgifbxikf xlbx slkzah fazdy jafapbxah oadds bx xla sqxqpa xk à fkpgbd& Zlaf I paobdd xla xiga zlaf gy lqs`bfh zbs ekqfh xk lbua obfoap$ I pagagàp xla `qphaf xlbx zaijlxah q~kf ga& Fkz$ kqp zlkda ebgidy ukz xk —haeabx obfoap‗ bfh za àdiaua xlis xk à ~kssi`da ie la okfxifqas xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Za bpa sqpa xlaf xlbx hbfoap zidd à hpiuaf bzby$ xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 B Gipboqdkqs A|xafsikf Epkg 5 Gkfxls Xk 0 Yabps

Gps& Lqbfj$ 1:$ Lkqsaziea$ Jbk|ikfj$ Xbizbf

If 299:$ Gkxlap zbs ekqfh xk lbua paoxbd obfoap& _la zafx xk xla ~pkuifoibd lks~ixbd ekp lap pajqdbp olaoc'q~ àobqsa ke sapikqs hibpplab bfh b~~bpafx dkss ke b~~axixa& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xla obfoap lbh zkpsafah bfh xlbx bf k~apbxikf b~~abpah iggifafx& La bdsk xkdh qs xlbx Gkxlap zidd fkx sqpuiua gkpa xlbf si| gkfxls& Ke okqpsa$ za hih fkx xadd Gkxlap b`kqx xlis& _kga xiga bexap Gkxlap zbs bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd$ b epiafh `pkqjlx xk kqp bxxafxikf xla ~kssiìdixy ke qsifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& _ifoa xla sisxap ke xla hkoxkp if olbpja bdsk cfaz b`kqx xlis ~pkhqox$ za xlkqjlx xlbx Xibf \ibf zbs bgkfj xla gahioifa àifj paokggafhah `y xla lks~ixbd bfh Gkxlap sxbpxah xk xbca ix& Padbxiuas bfh epiafhs ifxpkhqoah gbfy kxlap cifhs ke gahiobxikf bfh za okfsihapah Xibf \ibf dirqih bs mqsx bfkxlap kphifbpy gahioifa&

Qfa|~aoxahdy$ xlis

gahioifa gbfieasxah s~aoibd aeeaoxs& Zlaf Gkxlap’s sxpafjxl paokuapah sdijlxdy$ sla zbs bddkzah xk dabua xla lks~ixbd& _kkf$ sla zbs kf xla gafh bfh paxqpfah xk lap fkpgbd diea& Zlaf edq s~pabh bx xla àjiffifj ke xlis yabp$ Gkxlap zbs ifeaoxah `y ix& Xla obfoap oadds xlaf zapa hisokuapah xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah xk gbfy kxlap ~bpxs ke lap `khy 0>5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ifodqhifj xla ~apixkfaqg$ zliol dah xk ifxasxifbd k`sxpqoxikf& Gkxlap$ bjbif$ zbs qfb`da xk ifjasx bfy ekkh& Auapyhby bs skkf bs I k~af gy ayas$ I ~pby xk Jkh xk opabxa b gipboda ekp Gkxlap’s sbca& Zasxapf gahioifa okqdh fk dkfjap lad~ sk za sig~dy qpja Gkxlap xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx lap diea gby gby à ~pkdkfjah& Qfekpxqfbxady$ sla eifbddy daex qs b gkfxl bjk&

Xibf \ibf dirqih zbs xla kfdy gahioifa Gkxlap xkkc bexap dabuifj xla

lks~ixbd ekp xla dbsx xiga bfh za bdd àdiaua xlbx ix lad~ah ~pkdkfj lap diea xidd fkz& Xla lbde b yabp xlbx xla hkoxkp ~pahioxah ekp lap zbs sxpaxolah xk xzk yabps& Hqpifj xlis ~paoikqs a|xafsikf$ gy sisxap bfh I bookg~bfiah Gkxlap hby bfh fijlx xk afpiol xla pagbififj gkgafxs ke lap diea& Za slkqdh xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh I xlifc$ Gkxlap$ zlk is fkz if labuaf$ slbpas xla sbga k~ifikf&

 Padibfoa Kf @khy Bfh Labpx Bexap K~apbxikf

Olaf Yqayaf$ ?:$ Qfag~dkyah$ Gbdbysib

If Koxkàp 2999$ gy sisxap zbs hibjfksah xk lbua xliph sxbja obfoapkqs xqgkp if ixs dkobxah bx xla `kxxkg ke lap dbpja ifxasxifa ,sijgkih eda|qpa)& _la zafx xlpkqjl bf k~apbxikf if b obfoap's~aoibdi}ah lks~ixbd& Bf bpxieioibd bfbd k~afifj zbs xlaf ifsxbddah& Bexap xla k~apbxikf$ xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Gy sisxap$ zlk lb~~afah xk

Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0>:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zkpc if xla Gbdbysib Bjafoy ke Xibf \ibf dirqih$ cfaz xlbx ie pbhibxikf bfh bfxi'obfoap hpqj zapa xk à okg~dagafxah zixl Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla pasqdxs zkqdh à àxxap& _la bdsk lbh b xlkpkqjl qfhapsxbfhifj ke xla siha aeeaoxs ke bfxi'obfoap hpqj bfh pbhibxikf& Xla zlkda ebgidy jbxlapah xkjaxlap xk hisoqss zlaxlap sla slkqdh paoaiua xla sqjjasxah xpabxgafxs& Eifbddy$ za haoihah xk ekpajk xla pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh k~xah xk pady kf Xibf \ibf dirqih bdkfa& Xlpaa gkfxls bexap xla k~apbxikf$ gy sisxap àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ bfh bexap bfkxlap gkfxl$ gkfxl$ bhhah Xibf \ibf ~idds q~ xk fkz& Gy sisxap hih fkx paoaiua bfy kxlap s~aoibd xlapb~ias$ `qx sla lbs ` jkkh labdxly okg~da|ikf fkz bfh is paokuapifj lap dksx zaijlx&

Xla xasxs if xla lks~ixbd slkz xlbx xla obfoap oadds lbh

hisb~~abpah& Za bpa sk mkyeqd ekp xlis ~ksixiua fazs" Xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp ~qxxifj gy sisxap’s hisabsa qfhap okfxpkd&

 _lbpifj Lb~~ifass Bfh A|~apiafoa

Gp& Cbzbhb$ 52$ Paxipah$ Lipksligb

If Ea`pqbpy 2991$ xla sqhhaf gadafb sqp~pisah ga bfh gy ebgidy haoihah xk `pifj ga xk xla lks~ixbd ekp b olaoc'q~& Xla hibjfksis zbs paoxbd obfoap bfh sqpjapy ekddkzah&

Ekpxqfbxady$ xla k~apbxikf zbs uapy sqooasseqd bfh kfa gkfxl dbxap$ xla

lks~ixbd odabpah ga ekp ha~bpxqpa& 0><



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I okfxifqah xk xbca xla gahioifa ~pasopiàh if xla lks~ixbd bfh sqeeapah b dkx epkg xla siha aeeaoxs&

_i| gkfxls gkfxls dbxap$ gy fiaoa zlk qsah xk lbua qxapqs obfoap

paokggafhah xlbx I xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih$ b xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xlbx is ekqfh xk lbua ~kxafx aeeaox bjbifsx obfoap& I sxbpxah gy Xibf \ibf ~pkjpbg iggahibxady bfh bs b pasqdx$ I eqddy paokuapah I lbde b yabp& Eiua yabps lbua ~bssah bfh gy xzk dbxasx ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikfs hk fk ifhiobxa bfy bdbpgifj hauadk~gafxs& I lbua paxqpfah xk gy fkpgbd diea& Fkz$ I sxidd hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih xk sxbìdi}ah gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf& I kexaf xbca hkgasxio xpi~s bfh b`pkbh& Fkz$ I bg if jkkh ~lysiobd sxbxa bfh auaf gkpa boxiua xlbx I zbs àekpa& Xla lb~~ifass ke paokuapifj gy labdxl is qxxapdy zkfhapeqd bfh àykfh àdiae& I okfxifqah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bdxlkqjl xla bgkqfx lbs àaf pahqoah& I xlif xlis is b jkkh zby xk caa~ labdxly&

 Ebgidy Gagàps Jbua Ga Xla Okqpbja Xk _xpqjjda Ekp _qpuiubd

Gp& Epah Zbdxio$ Q&_&B&$ hpiuap$ 10

Bx xla àjiffifj$ I eadx zabc bfh okfsxbfxdy xipah&

Gy zaijlx gysxapikqsdy

hpk~~ah slbp~dy bfh qdxigbxady$ I lbh àokga qfb`da xk hpiua xla `qs& Bexap b xlkpkqjl a|bgifbxikf if b lks~ixbd if Dks Bfjadas$ xla hkoxkp ifhiobxah sqs~ioikf ke obfoap& I zbs Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0>9


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

iggahibxady paeappah xk b obfoap's~aoibdi}ah lks~ixbd ekp OX sobf& Xla eifbd hibjfksis zbs obfoap ke xla dbpja ifxasxifa if xla xapgifbd sxbja& Xla obfoap lbs jpkzf xk ixs eifbd sxbja bfh I zbs qpjah xk qfhapjk sqpjapy pijlx bzby& _ifoa gy ziea is Olifasa$ gy Olifasa gkxlap'if'dbz safx ga Xibf \ibf dirqih$ b cifh ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa zadd cfkzf if Lkfj Ckfj&

Xla sq`sarqafx k~apbxikf zbs haodbpah sqooasseqd bfh

bdxlkqjl xla xqgkp lbh àaf pagkuah$ b eaz obfoap oadds pagbifah if xla dyg~l fkhas$ zliol xla hkoxkp zbpfah okqdh dabh xk b paoqppafoa& I paoaiuah olagkxlapb~y bfh bx xla sbga xiga$ hpbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Xla hkoxkp obqxikfah xlbx xla olagiobd xpabxgafxs zidd obqsa uikdafx siha aeeaoxs sqol bs ukgixifj$ jafapbd haìdixbxikf$ lbip dkss$ axo& Ekpxqfbxady ekp ga$ fk siha aeeaoxs gbfieasxah if gy obsa& I ca~x kf hpifcifj xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh bs b pasqdx$ xla obfoap oadds daex bexap xla k~apbxikf zapa okg~daxady adigifbxah bfh hih fkx lbua xla ~kzap xk bxxboc bjbif& Hqpifj xla ekddkzifj si| gkfxls bexap gy k~apbxikf$ gy zaijlx hpk~~ah kuap 1> cj& Fkz$ xlis xkk paxqpfah xk gy kpijifbd zaijlx ke :< cj bfh I zkpc auaf lbphap xlbf àekpa& Gy ebgidy okfsisxs ke aijlx ~apskfs3 gy ziea$ ekqp olidhpaf bfh ~bpafxs bfh I ekpasaa zkpcifj ekp xlaip zadebpa ekp bfkxlap eiua xk xaf yabps& Xk ~pauafx bfkxlap obfoap bxxboc bfh xk ekpxiey gy labdxl okfhixikf$ I hpifc xzk `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ‟ ekp gy sbca bfh ekp xla sbca ke gy ebgidy&

02>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

 Olbfjifj Opisis Ifxk Bfkxlap Olbfoa Ekp Diea

Dif _qeafj$ 18$ Gihhda _olkkd Xabolap$ Xbizbf

If Ea`pqbpy 299<$ I sqhhafdy lbh xappi`da hibpplab bfh gy zaijlx hpk~~ah < cj ekp fk pabskf bx bdd& Eifbddy$ hqa xk xla labuy `daahifj kf xla bfbd k~afifj$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua gy sixqbxikf olaocah kfdy xk eifh kqx xlbx I lbh obfoap ke xla dbpja ifxasxifa& Bookphifj xk xla hkoxkp$ `dkkh if xla sxkkd is xla olbpboxapisxio syg~xkg ke dbpja ifxasxifa obfoap&

Auaf ie xla `dkkh okgas epkg lagkpplkihs$ kfa slkqdh jk xk xla

lks~ixbd xk lbua b olaoc'q~& Gbfy xbca ix ekp jpbfxah xlbx xla `dkkh if xla sxkkd is hqa xk lagkpplkihs sk xlbx haxaoxikf ke dbpja ifxasxifa obfoap is qsqbddy hadbyah& Q~kf gy hibjfksis$ I olksa xk iggahibxady lbua bf k~apbxikf& @aekpa xlis$ lkzauap$ b okddabjqa gafxikfah Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ga& If ebox$ I lbua bdpabhy labph ke xlis epkg bfkxlap okddabjqa’s ziea ke zlk odbigah xlbx lap `pabsx obfoap zbs oqpah xlpkqjl Xibf \ibf dirqih& Afokqpbjah `y bdd xla ifekpgbxikf$ I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih zixlkqx lasixbxikf& I bdsk pabh gkpa b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih xk cfkz gkpa b`kqx ixs aeeioboy& I ekqfh kqx xlbx rqixa b fqgàp ke ~ak~da bdd kuap xla zkpdh bpa xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh xlis ifopabsah bfh beeipgah gy okfeihafoa if xla ~pkhqox& I àobga okfuifoah xlbx kfdy Xibf \ibf dirqih okqdh ~pkuiha ga b oqpa& Bexap gy k~apbxikf$ pbhibxikf bfh olagkxlapb~y Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 022


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ekddkzah& I zbs xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds sigqdxbfakqsdy zixl gy lks~ixbd xpabxgafx bfh xlis ebox gixijbxah xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla olagiobd xlapb~ias& Okg~bpah zixl kxlap ~bxiafxs bx xla lks~ixbd ekp xla sbga hisabsa bfh sqeeapifj xla sbga syg~xkgs$ I paokuapah gqol gqol ebsxap xlbf bdd ke xlag& _i| gkfxls dbxap$ xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx auapyxlifj zbs `boc xk fkpgbd& I zidd okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds epkg fkz kf&



020



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj ^pksxbxa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Gipboqdkqs Paxqpf Xk Diea ‟ B Hadijlxeqd _qp~pisa

Gp& _bcqi$ ::$ Okg~bfy Hipaoxkp$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

I lbh bf k~apbxikf ekp paoxbd obfoap if 2990 bfh paokuapah zadd& I diuah bf boxiua diea if xla ekddkzifj sauaf yabps& Xla yabp àekpa dbsx$ lkzauap$ I àjbf xk lbua lafbxqpib bfh zbs sqs~aoxah xk à sqeeapifj epkg ~pksxbxa obfoap& Xla hkoxkp lad~dassdy ifekpgah ga xlbx bf k~apbxikf obffkx lad~& If Ea`pqbpy ke xlbx yabp$ I zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd if bf bg`qdbfoa ekp ifxasxifbd k`sxpqoxikf& I lbh xlkqjlx gysade uapy labdxly bfh fauap a|~aoxah xlis obfoap bxxboc& Epkg xlaf kf$ I àjbf xk eijlx obfoap ifxafsady& Xzk gkfxls dbxap$ if xla gihhda ke B~pid$ I zbs eboah zixl xla olkioa ke lbuifj bf k~apbxikf kp zbixifj ekp habxl& Eifbddy$ I haoihah xk eboa habxl xla fbxqpbd zby& _ifoa bf k~apbxikf zbs fkx jkifj xk lad~ bfh xla obfoap oadds lbh rqiocdy s~pabh xk xla `kfa gbppkz$ I haoihah xlbx I zidd fkx bjpaa xk bfy eqpxlap lbpg xk gy `khy& Bs I haoihah xk eboa habxl srqbpady$ xla obfoap oadds ifubhah gy zlkda `khy zixl eqdd ekpoa bfh sqp~pisifj s~aah& I zbs zabcafifj `y xla hby bfh zlbxauap kxlap obfoap Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 02?


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xpabxgafx I gby lbua labph ke$ I zbs okfsxpbifah xk olaoc kqx bfh xpy& I auaf lbh ~i~b boq~qfoxqpa& I eifbddy labph ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh àjbf xk hpifc ix kf Bqjqsx 2>& Xla pasqdx zbs àykfh gy a|~aoxbxikfs" I jpbhqbddy paokuapah gy labdxl bfh afapjy hby `y hby& I jkx xk xlifcifj xlbx xlis gijlx à gy gipboqdkqs paxqpf xk diea& Xla lk~a xlbx I hbpah fkx afxapxbif if gy gifh obga `boc bfh I afxlqsibsxiobddy okfxifqah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bdxlkqjl I lbh booa~xah habxl bdpabhy$ I sxidd hih fkx paeqsa kxlap xpabxgafxs& _k$ bx xla sbga xiga bs I zbs hkifj bdd ke xlasa$ I zafx xlpkqjl pbhibxikf xpabxgafx if ~kssi`da pbfja& Ix hih lbua bf aeeaox kfa kp xzk gkfxls dbxap& I eadx dica bfkxlap ~apskf& I zbs jaxxifj sxpkfjap bfh xla obfoap hih fkx s~pabh bfyzlapa adsa bfh xla obfoapkqs xqgkp hih fkx jpkz bfy ìjjap& If jpaaxifj xla faz giddaffiqg$ I hasijfah b s~aoibd obph bfh safx ix kqx haodbpifj xlbx I zbs sxidd bdiua& Padbxiuas bfh epiafhs zapa bdd sqp~pisah bfh hadijlxah& Bfyzby$ I bg sxidd b ~bxiafx& ~bxiafx& If s~pifj$ I obxol okdh bs is qsqbd$ I a|~apiafoa eauap fkz bfh xlaf bfh eaad zabc koobsikfbddy& Xlqs$ I sxidd xbca gkpa gkpa Xibf \ibf dirqih& I àdiaua ix is kfdy `y hkifj xlis xlbx I lbua b olbfoa xk haeabx obfoap& _xpafjxl is xla skqpoa ke diea bfh I zidd hk gkpa xlbf xla kphifbpy gbf xk aflbfoa gy sxpafjxl&

028



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Pajbif Xla Lb~~ifass Ke Diea Gp& Cbfbhb$ <2$ Paxipah$ Xkcyk

I lbh bf k~apbxikf ekp sxkgbol obfoap xk pagkua xzk xliphs ke gy sxkgbol if Mbfqbpy 2992& Bdxlkqjl afhksok~y okqdh bdsk xbca kqx xla ~bpx beedioxah `y obfoapkqs oadds$ I sxidd olksa xk lbua sqpjapy sk xlbx xla xqgkp okqdh à pagkuah kfoa bfh ekp bdd& I paokuapah zadd xlapabexap bfh bssqgah xlbx xla obfoap zbs haxaoxah abpdy& I hih fkx zkppy b`kqx gaxbsxbsis kp xla paoqppafoa ke obfoap& If Mqdy ke xla sbga yabp$ I zbs ekqfh xk lbua ~pksxbxa obfoap bfh xla sqs~ioikf zbs xlbx ix lbh dicazisa beeaoxah gy `dbhhap$ zliol haxapikpbxah jpabxdy& Hqa xk gy gy kdh bja$ xla hkoxkp fk dkfjap sqjjasxah k~apbxikf `qx olksa xk jiua ga pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh ifmaoxikf ke lkpgkfas& I hih fkx lk~a xk haeabx obfoap okg~daxady bx xlis xiga `qx I zbs sxidd zkppiah zlaxlap xla xpabxgafx okqdh skdua gy ~pk`dag kp auaf okfxpkd xla s~pabh ke obfoap oadds& I eadx uapy qfabsy bfh hkq`xeqd& Gksx ke xla ~bxiafxs bpkqfh ga hih fkx lbua sqpjapy bfh zapa sq`maoxah xk pbhibxikf kp olagkxlapb~y&

Bdxlkqjl xlaip hisabsa zbs qfhap

xag~kpbpy okfxpkd bfh xqpfah àxxap$ xlay sxidd hiah kfa kp xzk yabps dbxap& Bx xlbx xiga$ I obga bopkss xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗& Xlapa zapa fqgapkqs `kkcs bfh bhuapxisagafxs b`kqx obfoap if xla gbpcah bx xlbx xiga& I okqdhf’x xadd$ lkzauap$ zlbx hpkua ga xk ~ioc q~ xlis ~bpxioqdbp `kkc kp zlbx bxxpboxah ga xk ix& I Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 021


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

eadx sk dqocy xk lbua hkfa xlis$ lkzauap$ sifoa ix zbs b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih& I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bexap eifislifj xla `kkc& Bx xla àjiffifj ke _a~xagàp$ pbhibxikf xpabxgafx sxbpxah& I obddah xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf ekp okfsqdxbxikf bfh xlay sqjjasxah ekp ga xk bhh Xibf \ibf ~idds bs zadd xk bih if gy gy paokuapy& I hpbfc si| `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby bfh if Koxkàp$ I bhhah Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy àekpa jkifj xk àh& If xla okqpsa ke xla pbhibxikf xpabxgafx$ I faixlap eadx bfy ~bif fkp ixolifj& _ifoa ix okfoafxpbxah kf gy b`hkgaf$ xlkqjl$ I hauadk~ah sapikqs hibpplab& Ekp sauapbd hbys$ I zbs b okfsxbfx kooq~bfx ke xla xkidax$ q~ xk xaf xigas b hby& A|oa~x ekp xlis$ I hih fkx eaad bfy okg~diobxikfs kp siha aeeaoxs bfh I lbphdy eadx xipah& I zbs fkx sqpa zlaxlap ix zbs xla aeeaox ke Xibf \ibf dirqih sifoa pbhibxikf zbs bdsk sxbpxah bx xla sbga xiga xlbx I àjbf gy gy Xibf \ibf ~pkjpbg& @asihas$ I zbs fkx xkxbddy epaa ke xla siha aeeaoxs bs I xlkqjlx I zkqdh à& Xla pbhibxikf xpabxgafx okqpsa dbsxah ?? xigas bfh zbs xapgifbxah bx xla afh ke Koxkàp& Xla ^_A ,xqgkp ifhiobxkp) hpk~~ah epkg 20> xk 2>> bexap xaf hbys’ xpabxgafx bfh xk :> bx xla àjiffifj ke Fkuagàp q~kf xla xapgifbxikf ke xla xpabxgafx& Bx xlbx xiga$ I lbh àaf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp kfa bfh b lbde gkfxls& Bexapzbphs$ I zbs jiuaf lkpgkfas bfh xla ^_B eqpxlap hpk~~ah bfh xlis xiga slbp~dy$ xk 0> bx xla afh ke xla gkfxl& Xla xqgkp pahqoah if si}a bfh okqdh lbphdy à eadx xlpkqjl ~bd~bxikf& Xla hkoxkp zlk zbs pbxlap gkpa sqp~pisah xlbf hadijlxah xkdh ga xla a|bgifbxikf pasqdxs a|oixahdy& La xlkqjlx ix zbs xla aeeaox ke xla lks~ixbd xpabxgafxs zlida I zbs okfuifoah xlbx ix zbs xla okgìfbxikf ke zasxapf xpabxgafx zixl xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Xla rqioc olbfja if xla syg~xkgs fauapxladass sqp~pisah xla hkoxkp& 025



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla qfabsifass xlbx lbh àaf lbqfxifj ga ekp b dkfj xiga lbs auafxqbddy hisb~~abpah&

I eadx padiauah ekp xla eipsx xiga if yabps&

Gkpa ig~kpxbfxdy$ I eadx xla

lb~~ifass ke diea& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ I pa~kpxah gy a|~apiafoas bfh ~pkjpass xk xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf bfh ifrqipah b`kqx sq`sarqafx xpabxgafx& Bx xla àjiffifj ke Haoagàp$ I àjbf xk xbca si| Xibf \ibf ~idds ~ap hby& Xla hisabsa lbh xlapabexap xqpfah àxxap auap gkpa rqiocdy& ^_B hpk~~ah xk 2&1 if Mbfqbpy 0>>>$ xk >&5 if Ea`pqbpy$ xk >&8 if Gbpol bfh xk ixs dkzasx dauad ke >&2 if B~pid& Auaf xla hkoxkp okqdh fkx liha lis a|oixagafx& —Ix obf’x hpk~ bfy dkzap& Ix is sk jpabx" Caa~ ix q~" Jk kf"‗ Xlbx zbs bdd xlbx I labph epkg xla hkoxkp& I hkq`x zlaxlap gy rqioc paokuapy zbs bdd hqa xk zasxapf gahioifa$ faixlap zidd I sby xlbx ix kzifj xk Xibf \ibf dirqih bdkfa& Kfa xlifj is sqpa$ lkzauap$ bfh xlbx is gy rqioc paokuapy is ekp pabd& I xlifc xlbx zixlkqx xla lad~ ke Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I zkqdh fkx lbua àaf b`da xk gbca ix& I bg eifbddy okfuifoah xlbx obfoap is `y fk gabfs ifuifoi`da bs dkfj bs za sxioc xk hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ix lbs àaf kfa yabp sifoa I zbs okfeipgah xk lbua obfoap& Xla obfoap oadds if gy gy `dbhhap lbua bdd hisb~~abpah& Xla ~kssi`da gaxbsxbsis xk xla ~aduis lbh àaf ~pauafxah& I àdiaua ix is hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I diua b okgekpxb`da diea auapy hby& If xla eqxqpa$ I zidd pajqdbxa xla bgkqfx bfh okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih&

 Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 02:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Dyg~l Xqgkp ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoa If Eijlxifj Bjbifsx Obfoap Ekqp Xigas Dbhy Gbxsqhb$ 1:$ Lkqsaziea

If 299?$ I zbs bhgixxah xk xla lks~ixbd ekp kubpibf obfoap& I lbh sqpjapy bfh bfxi' obfoap xpabxgafx bexap& Bdxlkqjl I pajbifah gy gy sxpafjxl bfh afapjy bfh diea paxqpfah xk fkpgbd$ I eadx jpabx ~bif if gy `boc if Mqfa 2991 bfh okqjlah xappi`dy dabhifj xk gy ifbìdixy xk ifjasx ekkh& Xla a|bgifbxikf if b fabp`y ~q`dio lks~ixbd pauabdah gbdijfbfx gbdijfbfx xqgkp if xla dyg~l fkhas bpkqfh xla sxkgbol& I paoaiuah bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx ekp si| gkfxls bfh ix zbs hqpifj xlis xiga xlbx I labph ke Xibf \ibf dirqih xlpkqjl fazs pa~kpxs& Xla pa~kpx pauabdah xlbx b dbxa'sxbja obfoap ~bxiafx if Olqbf Yqa Hbi Mifj _bf Lks~ixbd àobga àxxap bexap hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Q~kf pabhifj xlis$ I iggahibxady jbua xla ~pkhqox b xpy& Eipsx$ I k`xbifah haxbidah ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh eipgdy àdiauifj if ix$ I sxbpxah xk hpifc xla dirqih if Koxkàp& _ifoa I zbs if xla lks~ixbd

02<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bx xlis xiga$ I skqjlx xla hkoxkp’s k~ifikf& La bhuisah xlbx sifoa xla dirqih is bdsk ekp xla ~qp~ksa ke oqpifj obfoap$ I gijlx gijlx bs zadd jiua ix b xpy& I$ xlapaekpa$ haoihah xk `bfc kf xla a|~aoxah aeeaox ke Xibf \ibf dirqih zlida eifislifj gy lks~ixbd xpabxgafx& If B~pid ke xla ekddkzifj yabp$ I zbs bjbif if xla lks~ixbd ekp xlpaa gkfxls xk paoaiua xpbfs~dbfx ke `kfa sxag oadds bfh ekp bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx& _xidd$ I hih fkx sxk~ xbcifj xla Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bdxlkqjl I cfaz àekpalbfh xlbx I zidd sqeeap siha aeeaoxs epkg xla bfxi'obfoap hpqjs sqol bs b~~axixa bfh lbip dkss$ xla hkoxkp xkdh ga epbfcdy xlbx xla xpbfs~dbfx zbs arqiubdafx xk dbpja'bgkqfx bfxi'obfoap hpqj& I sqeeapah xappi`dy epkg xla siha aeeaoxs bs I zafx xlpkqjl xzk cifhs ke xpabxgafxs bx xla sbga xiga& I okfsxbfxdy eadx sioc bfh qfb`da xk abx& I eadx bs ie ix zbs xla afh ekp ga& ga&

Habxl kooqppah if gy gifh pa~abxahdy&

Okg~bpah xk ykqfjap ~bxiafxs$ lkzauap$ gy paokuapy saagah rqiocap xlbx I okqdhf’x àdiaua ix gysade& Bexapzbphs$ xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj gbha ga eaad fqg` if gy lbfhs bfh eaax& Bdxlkqjl I diuah b fkpgbd diea$ xqgkp zbs bjbif ekqfh if gy gy ~aduis if Bqjqsx 299: has~ixa xla ebox xlbx xlapa zapa fk kùikqs syg~xkgs& Bjbif$ I zbs `boc if xla lks~ixbd ekp bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx& Xla xpabxgafx xkkc ixs eqdd okqpsa bfh I zbs padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd if Mbfqbpy 299<& Xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp bx xlbx xiga pabh 22>& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx slkqdh ix pisa xk 21>$ I slkqdh iggahibxady jax xk xla lks~ixbd bfh bubid ke bfkxlap pkqfh ke bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafxs& _ifoa xla ifhiobxkp pksa bexap I daex xla lks~ixbd$ I bscah Hp& Zbfj ekp xla okppaox hksbja ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds bfh bhhah xla sbga xk gy fkpgbd ifxbca& Bs b pasqdx$ xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp hpk~~ah jpbhqbddy xk 1> if Gby& Bdxlkqjl xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp zbs uapy qfsxabhy bx xlis xiga$ I zbs okfuifoah xlbx xla obfoap obf à Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 029


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

eifbddy diocah& I ~dboah bdd gy lk~a kf Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds& Fkz$ xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp lbs paxqpfah xk xla fkpgbd pbfja& I lbua àaf kf xla uapja ke habxl gbfy xigas$ kfdy gy eijlxifj s~ipix okqdh haeabx obfoap& Hqpifj gy sxby if xla lks~ixbd$ I jkx borqbifxah zixl gbfy gbfy ~bxiafxs `qx uapy eaz ke xlag lbua sqpuiuah& I hk fkx zbfx xk hzadd kf xlis& Xla gksx ig~kpxbfx xlifj is fkx xk lasixbxa$ ekp za bpa qfb`da xk gbfi~qdbxa kqp ebxa bfh fk kfa obf asob~a habxl& Za slkqdh$ xlapaekpa$ afmky auapy hby ke kqp digixah diea xiga& If ebox$ zlaf I eaad lb~~y bfh adbxah$ I okqdh eaad sxpafjxl sqpja xlpkqjl gy `khy& Zlida jkifj xlpkqjl bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx$ I sqeeapah xappi`dy epkg ukgixifj$ okfsxi~bxikf bfh lbip dkss$ `qx I zbs sqpa xlbx I zidd à b`da xk sqpuiua bdd xla hieeioqdxias& B epiafh bx kfa xiga sbih xlbx xla hisabsa is fkx faoassbpidy padbxah xk kqp diea s~bf& I bjpaa zixl lap& Bf ifxigbxa epiafh ke gifa eadx fkxlifj zpkfj `qx sqhhafdy ebifxah hqa xk oapa`pbd bfaqpysg bfh sq`sarqafx ~bssah bzby& I$ lkzauap$ b obfoap ~bxiafx$ diua dkfjap xlbf sla hih& Ix is b ebox& Fkz$ I bg labdxly& Mqsx b eaz hbys bjk$ gy lqs`bfh bfh I xkkc b xpi~ xk fkpxlapf Aqpk~a& Diea is jkifj xk à jkkh bfh dkfj ekp ga"

00>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_yg~xkgs Hisb~~abp Rqiocdy

Ckfj Oli Caqfj$ ::$ Paxipah$ Lkfj Ckfj

If sqggap xzk yabps bjk$ I sqhhafdy ebifxah& I zbs bdzbys rqixa sxpkfj bfh xlis obga bs b slkoc xk ga& Xk bddby gy eabps$ I zafx ekp bf a|bgifbxikf zlapa xla pasqdxs slkzah hpk~sy if xla dqfj bfh labpx bfh dyg~l obfoap& Hqa xk gy kdh bja bfh zabcafah sxbxa$ xla k~apbxikf zbs okfsihapah lijl pisc& Dbxap$ xla hkoxkp xkdh ga epbfcdy xlbx xla ~kssiìdixy ke bf ig~pkuagafx zbs dass xlbf 0>! auaf zixl okfxifqkqs pbhibxikf bfh olagkxlapb~y& I sxbyah bx xla lks~ixbd ekp xlpaa gkfxls zixl fk boxqbd xpabxgafxs àifj hkfa& Gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf haxapikpbxah bfh gy gy zaijlx hpbsxiobddy hpk~~ah& If bqxqgf ke xla sbga yabp$ b epiafh xkdh ga ke xla qsas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bs ~q`dislah if xla fazs~b~ap& Bexap dabpfifj gkpa b`kqx xla ~pkhqox$ gy ebgidy haoihah xlbx ix zbs xla ~pkhqox ekp ga& I hpbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp xzk gkfxls bfh gy zaijlx ifopabsah& Olagkxlapb~y zbs bdsk sxbpxah bx xlbx xiga `qx I sxidd okfxifqah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bs za cfkz$ olagkxlapb~y dabhs xk lbip dkss bs zadd bs dkss ke b~~axixa& I faixlap dksx gy lbip fkp gy b~~axixa& I fauap eadx dica ukgixifj aixlap& _ifoa I lbh àaf zkpcifj if b eiàp eboxkpy bfh dbxap if b jbs sxbxikf$ xla hkoxkp sqs~aoxah xlbx xla obfoap gijlx lbua àaf b pasqdx ke xla ~kkp zkpcifj afuipkfgafx& _aaifj ga zkpc sk afapjaxiobddy bfh boxiuady$ lkzauap$ la okqdhf’x bhh gkpa& _kkf Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 002


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

bexap$ bf a|bgifbxikf if Haoagàp slkzah xlbx xla dyg~l obfoap pahqoah xk bf qfàdiaub`da si}a bfh I okqdh kùikqsdy eaad xla ig~pkuagafx ke gy `khy& I zbs abjap xk dabua xla lks~ixbd& Fkz$ I bdsk qsa Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy& I bg sqp~pisah bs zadd bs lb~~y xk xpy faz xlifjs boxiuady&

Eboa Habxl Okqpbjakqsdy

]afj Yqaa$ ?0$ Afjbjah if ^pkoassifj Zkpc$ Xbizbf

Ekqp yabps bjk$ b ~abfqx'si}ah dqg~ b~~abpah if gy xlpkbx& Bs ix jpaz ìjjap$ gy ukioa xqpfah gkpa bfh gkpa lkbpsa& I zafx xk xla Olbfj Jaf Lks~ixbd fabp gy lkga ekp b olaoc'q~ bfh zbs xkdh xlbx ix zbs b àfijf xqgkp& Bf k~apbxikf zbs iggahibxady ~apekpgah xk lbua xla xqgkp pagkuah& I lbh xk qfhapjk olagkxlapb~y okfxifqkqsdy bexapzbphs bfh gy gy sxpafjxl fauap paokuapah& I eadx zkpsx& I zbs xlaf b hiukpoah ~pkeassikfbd zkgbf zixl b si|'yabp'kdh hbqjlxap bfh b fifa'yabp'kdh skf& Okfsihapifj xla eqxqpa ke gy olidhpaf$ I lk~ah xlbx xla hkoxkp okqdh xadd ga zlbx gy pabd sixqbxikf zbs& I cfaz xlaf xlbx I sqeeapah epkg gbdijfbfx dyg~l xqgkp& Ix zbs xla ekqpxl gkfxl sifoa xla k~apbxikf bfh gy gifh eadx `dbfc& I auaf okfsihapah hyifj zixl gy olidhpaf"

000



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Dica B Fijlxgbpa I Zkqdh Fauap Zbca Epkg B epiafh zlk sxqhiah xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xkdh ga ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bexap la ekqfh kqx b`kqx gy hisabsa& La safx xla dirqih ekp ga xk hpifc ekp kfa gkfxl& I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bs I qfhapzafx olagkxlapb~y& B`kqx lbde b yabp dbxap$ xla ~ksixiua aeeaoxs ke Xibf \ibf dirqih sxbpxah xk gbfieasx& I$ xlapaekpa$ padiah kf xlis ~pkhqox skdady epkg xlaf kf& Ekqp yabps lbua ~bssah& If b paoafx a|bgifbxikf xlis Mbfqbpy$ xla hkoxkp haodbpah xlbx bdd xla obfoap oadds lbua hisb~~abpah& Xla hisabsa is oqpah& I kfoa jbua q~ lk~a xk diua kf$ `qx fkz$ ekp gy xzk olidhpaf$ I bg sqpa I zidd diua b àxxap diea&

Ekp Gysade Bfh Gy Ziea$ Fauap Xk Jiua Q~

Lqbfj Rifjìbk$ ?:$ Ekkh ^pkoasskp$ Xbizbf

If B~pid 299:$ lbph dqg~s b~~abpah if gy xlpkbx bfh qfhap gy daex bpg~ix& Bf a|bgifbxikf if b fabp`y lks~ixbd hibjfksah gy gy okfhixikf bs —olpkfio ifedbggbxikf‗& I hih fkx xbca xlis sapikqsdy& _i| gkfxls dbxap$ lbph dqg~s b~~abpah if xla dyg~l jdbfhs bdd kuap gy `khy bfh gy zaijlx sxbpxah xk hpk~& I zafx xk b lks~ixbd if Xbi~ai ekp eqpxlap a|bgifbxikf&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xla hkoxkp’s hibjfksis zbs dyg~l obfoap ke xla ekqpxl sxbja& Zlaf ifekpgah$ I eadx bs ie I zapa if b haa~$ hbpc obua bfh cfaz fkx zlbx xk hk& Ekpxqfbxady$ gy ziea sq~~kpxah bfh afokqpbjah ga xk saac olagiobd xpabxgafx$ zliol jqbpbfxaah uikdafx siha aeeaoxs& Ukgixifj bfh lbip dkss$ lkzauap$ xasxah gy afhqpbfoa `qx I xpiah gy àsx xk zixlsxbfh xla ~bif& Dbxap xasxs slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds lbh bdpabhy ifubhah xla gbppkz& I eadx sk has~apbxa bfh slkocah& Bx xlbx xiga$ b ekpgap okddabjqa `pkqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp gy qsa& Bexap xlis ifxpkhqoxikf$ I okfxifqah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh auaf bhhah Xibf \ibf ~idds zlida qfhapjkifj olagiobd xpabxgafx& Xlkqjl I sxidd lbh gy hkq`xs b`kqx xla aeeioboy ke xla Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs$ I sxidd okfxifqah zixl ix& If xla a|bgifbxikfs if Gby bfh Mqdy 299<$ xla hkoxkp if olbpja xkdh ga xlbx xla obfoap oadds if xla gbppkz lbua sqpady hisb~~abpah okg~daxady& La$ ke okqpsa$ bxxpi`qxah ix xk xla olagiobd xpabxgafx zlida I zbs sqpa ix zbs hqa xk xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh ~idds& Fkz$ bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds lbua ca~x bzby epkg ga$ xla hkoxkp sxidd obqxikfah xlbx xla dyg~l obfoap gby bxxboc bjbif sk I ukz xk okfxifqa xk xbca gy Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds& I bg uapy lb~~y xlbx I lbua paokuapah gy labdxl bfh bg boxiuady bdiua& Bsiha epkg gy ziea’s gkpbd sq~~kpx$ I àdiaua I kza gy xlbfcs xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&

008



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Jkkh ^pkhqoxs @pifj Faz Olbfoas

Gb Gaiyq$ 85$ Lkqsaziea$ Xlbidbfh

I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd hqa xk xla hisokgekpx if gy xlpkbx& Xla hkoxkp’s hibjfksis zbs sdijlx ifedbggbxikf bfh la jbua ga bfxi~ldkjisxio& Bdxlkqjl xla hisokgekpx hih fkx hisb~~abp$ I fk dkfjap skqjlx eqpxlap olaoc'q~ àobqsa I zbs `qsy xbcifj obpa ke gy lqs`bfh bfh olidhpaf& If _a~xagàp 2991$ I eadx skga ixolifj bx gy faoc bs ie I sxqfj `y b gksrqixk& I sopbxolah xla s~kx bfh hpaz `dkkh& _ifoa xla `daahifj zkqdh fkx sxk~$ I lbh xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd zlapa xlay ekqfh dyg~l xqgkp& Bf k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah xzk gkfxls bexap xk pagkua xzk ke xlpaa okfeipgah xqgkps& Xla kxlap kfa okqdh fkx à xkqolah bs ix zbs fabp xla bpxapy& Ekpxqfbxady$ gy lqs`bfh zkpcs ekp b jkuapfgafx keeioa zlapa za bpa b`da xk diua b àxxap diea bfh okqdh beekph xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa auaf zlida qfhapjkifj olagiobd xpabxgafx& Za jkx ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih$ `y xlaf b zadd c cfkzf xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ epkg xla Ifxapfax& I zafx xk b hpqjsxkpa if @bfjckc xlbx lb~~afah xk sadd Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh iggahibxady hpbfc xla sbga& Has~ixa sijfs ke ig~pkuagafx$ xla ~bif epkg xla olagiobd xpabxgafx jpaz gkpa boqxa bfh xla syg~xkgs zkpsafah& Auaf fkz$ I obf sxidd eaad gy gy hisb~~kifxgafx bx xlbx xiga" I hih fkx auaf lbua xla afapjy bfygkpa xk jk xk xla hpqjsxkpa xk ~pkxasx& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 001


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Kfa hby$ I lb~~afah xk pabh pa~kpxs b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih if b Lkfj Ckfj fazs~b~ap& Zlida I zbs pabhy xk hisgiss ix bs I xlkqjlx xlbx ix lbh fk aeeaox zlbxskauap kf obfoap$ I fkxioah xlbx xla ~bocbjifj if xla ~lkxk xlbx zbs qsah `y xla fazs~b~ap zbs uapy hieeapafx epkg xla ~bocbjifj ke xla ~pkhqox xlbx I `kqjlx epkg xla hpqjsxkpa& @asihas$ zlbx zbs hasopiàh if xla fazs~b~ap zbs bdsk hieeapafx epkg gy kzf a|~apiafoas& Bexap gy lqs`bfh gbha ifrqipias epkg b Lkfj Ckfj fazs bjafoy$ I zbs sqpa xlbx xla ~pkhqox I `kqjlx epkg Xbfj Paf _xpaax zbs b ebca&

Xla Lkfj Ckfj

fazs~b~ap bdsk zbpfah ~bxiafxs ke okqfxdass ebca Xibf \ibf ~pkhqoxs& I zbs xlaf b`da xk okfeipg obsas zlaf xla pabd Xibf \ibf dirqih oqpah obfoap& Bexap I jkx xla xada~lkfa fqgàp ke xla jafapbd bjafoy ke Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I ~dboah bf kphap hipaoxdy epkg Lkfj Ckfj& Xla Xibf \ibf dirqih hadiuapah epkg Lkfj Ckfj dkkcah xla sbga sbga bs xla kfa if xla fazs~b~ap& Xlis is xla pabd Xibf \ibf dirqih" Bs I ~pauikqsdy a|~aoxah$ xla aeeaox bdsk hisxifjqislah xla ebca epkg xla pabd xlifj& Xla ~bif xlbx xpkq`dah ga ifoassbfxdy hisb~~abpah bexap I xkkc xla ~pkhqox ekp b gkfxl&

_i| gkfxls dbxap$ xla dyg~l xqgkp slpqfc&

_ifoa I bdsk qfhapzafx

olagkxlapb~y$ xla aeeaox okqdh fkx zlkddy à bxxpi`qxb`da xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& @qx I sxidd hbpa sby xlbx Xibf |ibf dirqih zbs b`skdqxady aeeaoxiua& Zlaf I xlkqjlx xlbx I lbh pa okuapah sqeeioiafxdy$ I sxk~~ah hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh kfdy padiah kf xla olagiobd xpabxgafx& I iggahibxady eadx zabcafah bfh xla hisabsa xkkc kuap zixl eqdd ekpoa bfh ~bif paoqppah& Xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xla xqgkp jpaz if si}a sk I sxbpxah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bjbif& Bexap xlis a|~apiafoa$ I cfkz xlbx I zidd fauap sxk~ hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih qfxid I lbua okg~daxady paokuapah&

005



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Fkz$ I pady kfdy kf Xibf \ib dirqih$ bfh ha~afhifj kf gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf$ qsa Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy$ xkk& Xla dyg~l xqgkp lbh slpqfc bjbif bfh obf fk dkfjap à ~bd~bxah&





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if Haeabxifj _cif Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Ebgidy Gagàps’ _q~~kpx _qp~bssas Bdd

Dbhy Fbjbhb$ 89$ Lkqsaziea$ Jieq Okqfxy

If Bqjqsx 2991$ I zbs ekqfh xk lbua scif obfoap bx xla faoc ,gbdijfbfx gadbfkgb)& I lbua ekqjlx bjbifsx xlis hisabsa ekp eiua yabps fkz& If xla eipsx xzk yabps bexap bf k~apbxikf$ I zbs kf xla gafh bfh paokuapah sbxiseboxkpidy& sbxiseboxkpidy & Gy diea paxqpfah xk fkpgbd a|oa~x ekp xigas zlaf I lbh xk jk ekp pajqdbp a|bgifbxikf& Hqpifj b olaoc'q~ kf xla xliph yabp$ obfoap oadds zapa pauabdah xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah xk gy olasx& I paoaiuah bfxi'obfoap hpqj xpabxgafx ekp xlis beedioxikf bfh$ bx xla sbga xiga$ I xpiah bdd cifhs ke bubidb`da gahioifas dica Olifasa obxap~iddbp eqfjqs& Fkxlifj `pkqjlx a|oixifj hauadk~gafx& I zbs bx b dkss& I obga xk cfkz ke Xibf \ibf dirqih if xla pbhik ~pkjpbg —_lafj Hbk LIPK_I$ Jkkh gkpfifj"‗ bfh xlpkqjl fazs~b~ap bhuapxisagafxs& Bs qsqbd$ I iggahibxady `kqjlx xla ~pkhqox& If xla eipsx xlpaa gkfxls$ I hpbfc ekqp `kxxdas ke xla dirqih ~ap hby& Bexap obfoap oadds zapa ekqfh xk lbua s~pabh xk gy b`hkgaf$ I ifodqhah si| Xibf \ibf ~idds xk gy

00<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pajigaf& Ekpxqfbxady$ xla xqgkp if gy olasx pahqoah if si}a& Bdxlkqjl xla xqgkp if gy b`hkgaf pagbif qfolbfjah$ xla hisabsa zbs eifbddy ~qx qfhap okfxpkd& Zlaf xla obfoap oadds zapa bjbif ekqfh xk lbua beeaox xla `kfa ke gy daj$ I àjbf xk xbca si| `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby bfh xzadua Xibf \ibf ~idds zlida qfhapjkifj pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& I okqdh fkx hk sig~da lkqsazkpc bfh auaf zbdcah bpkqfh zixl b opqxol& Zixlkqx xla sq~~kpx ke gy gy ebgidy$ I okqdh fkx lbua jkxxaf xlpkqjl xlis sixqbxikf& Fkx kfdy gy lqs`bfh `qx bdsk gy xlpaa olidhpaf ~by jpabx bxxafxikf xk gy faahs& Xlay bdsk sabpol ekp bfxi'obfoap gahioifas bfh labdxl ekkh epkg xla Ifxapfax bfh bhuapxisagafx& Xlay bdsk hk xla lkqsazkpc ekp ga& Gy jpbxixqha xk gy ebgidy is afhdass& Fkz$ I lk~a xk slbpa gy a|~apiafoas bfh eaadifjs zixl kxlap ~bxiafxs zlk sqeeap epkg gbdijfbfx gbdijfbfx gadbfkgb& @asihas okggqfiobxifj zixl ebgidy gagàps$ gkpa ihabs bfh sqjjasxikf obf à a|olbfjah ie b gaaxifj okqdh à ladh ekp ~ak~da zlk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Haxapgifah Haxapgifah Xk A|isx Zixl Obfoap

Gp& Bgafbcb$ :2$ Paxipah$ Oli`b Okqfxy

Xzadua kp xlipxaaf yabps bjk$ scif obfoap zbs ekqfh kf gy pifj eifjap& Bexap saacifj okfsqdxbxikf zixl a|~apxs bfh sifoa I bdzbys lbh b okfsapubxiua bxxixqha xkzbphs Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 009


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zasxapf gahioifa$ I haoihah xk bhk~x xpabxgafx qsifj xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ bihah `y ~pk~ap hiax$ Ri Jkfj$ boq~qfoxqpa bfh gk|i`qsxikf& gk|i`qsxikf& Xla ifixibd sxbja ke xla obfoap zbs gksx hieeioqdx xk habd zixl& Ix saagah xk gkoc ga ga bs I zafx xlpkqjl xpabxgafx sapikqsdy& Xla obfoap oadds s~pabh dica zidh eipa xk gy lbfhs bfh xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ I eadx ix s~pabh xlpkqjl gy zlkda `khy& Gy daex zpisx$ zliol obfoap bxxbocah eipsx$ szaddah xk hkq`da ixs fkpgbd si}a bfh I eadx ~iapoifj ~bif if auapy ~bpx ke gy `khy& Obfoap b~~abpah if gy ifxapfbd kpjbfs bs zadd gqol dica `pabsx obfoap&

I

okfxifqah xk haxapikpbxa& Ke okqpsa$ I xpiah gy àsx xk eijlx bjbifsx xlis iddfass& I xkdh gysade xlbx obfoap zkqdh fkx xbca gy diea bzby `qx xlbx ix lbs xk à okfxafx if a|isxifj zixl ga& Xla pabd ebox$ xlkqjl$ zbs gkpa sapikqs& I zkqdh `pabc kqx ifxk okdh szabx àobqsa ke xpagafhkqs ~bif if gy b`hkgaf `qx I okqdh hk fkxlifj `qx àbp ix& Xzk yabps bjk$ I jkx xk dabpf ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh sxbpxah kf xla ~pkjpbg& Bexap I bfbdy}ah ixs ifjpahiafxs$ I haoihah xlbx xlis zidd à xla gahioifa xlbf zidd sbua ga& Bs I a|~aoxah$ I eadx zbpgxl xlpkqjl gy `khy bfh xlis pabddy a|oixah ga& Kfa bfh b lbde yabps lbua ~bssah& I$ zlk lbh bdzbys àaf opixiobd ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahiobd soiafoa bfh gahioifa$ gahioifa$ okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& I bg xla àsx xasxigkfy xlbx ix zkpcs& If xla ~bsx$ I zbs bepbih xk xbca b xpi~ xk ebp bzby ~dboas ekp I sqeeapah jpabx ~bif bdd kuap gy `khy& Fkz$ I bg epaa ke xlis `kfhbja& Paoafx xasxs slkzah xlbx gy ifxapfbd kpjbfs bpa fkz rqixa ig~pkuah& Bdd xlis is hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&

0?>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if Haeabxifj @kfa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Haeabxah Xla Xpagafhkqs ^bif Obqsah @y Obfoap

Dbhy Fbjbhb$ 59$ Lkqsaziea$ _limqkcb Okqfxy

Bexap xlkpkqjl ~lysiobd a|bgifbxikf if 29<9$ I zafx xlpkqjl sqpjapy ekp obfoap if gy pijlx xlypkih jdbfh& Q~ xk fkz$ I okfxifqa xk xbca lkpgkfa ~idds xk sq~~dagafx gy `khidy eqfoxikf& Bdxlkqjl gy diea paxqpfah xk fkpgbd$ eiua yabps dbxap if 2998$ obfoap bjbif b~~abpah if gy qxapqs& Bfkxlap k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah xk oqx bzby xla beedioxah ~bpx& Kfa yabp bexap$ xla pagbififj obfoap oadds zapa ekqfh if gy gy ubjifb bfh I lbh xk qfhapjk b xliph k~apbxikf& Xla dbsx k~apbxikf gqsx lbua àaf b ìj booihafx"

Ix zbs b ebidah k~apbxikf

àobqsa bx xla xiga$ gy `dbhhap bhlapah xk xla ifxasxifa bfh xla hkoxkp oqx kee xla labdah `dbhhap bs zadd& Bs b pasqdx$ qpifa edkzah xk gy b`hkgaf bfh gy gy `dbhhap haxapikpbxah& Xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah oqxxifj bzby xla zlkda `dbhhap `qx I lbh lk~ah xk caa~ bx dabsx xla lbde xlbx zbs fkx beedioxah& Eifbddy$ kfdy b sgbdd ~bpx zbs daex& Kfdy xlis k~apbxikf obqsah b jpabx `qphaf kf gy `khy& If _a~xagàp 299<$ xla obfoap zbs ekqfh xk lbua gaxbsxbsi}ah bjbif& Bx eipsx$ I eadx sdijlx ~bif if gy `boc bfh zbisx& Xla boqxa ~bif gbha ga qfb`da xk gkua& I zbs if xla lks~ixbd bjbif bfh xla Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0?2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hkoxkp sbih xlbx bf k~apbxikf kf xla zbisx gijlx gbca ga qfb`da xk zbdc& Okfsihapifj xlbx I zbs b~~pkbolifj :>$ I paeqsah eqpxlap k~apbxikfs bfh k~xah xk lbua pbhibxikf xlapb~y& Xla ~bif if gy zbsxa zbs fkx padiauah has~ixa xla okfxifqkqs xpabxgafx& I okqdh fkx six fkp sxbfh& I lbh hieeioqdxy auaf xqpfifj kuap if àh& I xkkc gkp~lifa xk cidd xla ~bif hqpifj gy sxby if xla lks~ixbd bfh okfxifqah hkifj sk auaf bexap gy padabsa& Ix hih fkx skdua xla ~pk`dag aixlap" Bx xlbx xiga$ gy hbqjlxap’s epiafh jbua ga b `kkc afxixdah —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗ zixl xla sqjjasxikf xk xpy kxlap gahioifas pbxlap xlbf zbix ekp habxl& Zixl gy ebgidy’s sq~~kpx bfh afokqpbjagafx$ I sxbpxah xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp eiua gkfxls& Jpbhqbddy xla ~bif absah bfh I fk dkfjap faahah xla bhhah hksbja ke gkp~lifa& I okqdh eifbddy zbdc bpkqfh zixlkqx àifj sq~~kpxah bfh skgaxigas$ I auaf ekpjkx xk xbca xla gkp~lifa& Ix zbs sk qfàdiaub`da" If _a~xagàp 299<$ gy ebgidy zbs sxidd bepbih xlbx I okqdhf’x s~afh xla Faz Yabp zixl xlag&

@qx I zbs haxapgifah xk jpaax xla faz

giddaffiqg zixl gy àdkuah ebgidy& Fkz$ I bg sk afapjaxio" Bdxlkqjl I obf’x lkdh kfa ~ksixikf ekp dkfj$ I bg b`da xk hk dijlx lkqsazkpc& @aekpa I eadd idd$ I zbs xipah ke okkcifj xlpaa gabds b hby$ zbslifj odkxlas bfh odabfifj xla pkkgs auapy hby& Fkz$ I eaad sk hadijlxah bx bfy xlifj xlbx I obf bookg~disl zadd& I xbca ifxapasx if zabuifj bfh ~bxolifj& Okfsihapifj xla hasijfs ke xla ~bxxapf$ I pabddy eaad sbxiseiah& Jkifj xlpkqjl sqol b xappi`da a|~apiafoa gbcas ga xlifc kfa’s ebxa is hasxifah& Ke okqpsa$ I lk~a xk diua dkfjap& Zlida xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ I fk dkfjap eaad bf|ikqs `qx gkpa abjap xk eboa faz olbddafjas bfh faz xlifjs& Fk kfa slkqdh hagbfh xkk gqol

0?0



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ke ligsade$ lkzauap& _k I sig~dy padb|$ caa~ k~xigisxio bfh I àdiaua I zidd à sxpkfj afkqjl xk eijlx bjbifsx hisabsa&

I Bg Fkx Xla Kfdy Kfa Zlk _qeeaps Epkg Obfoap

Dbhy Ybgbgqpb$ 51$ Lkqsaziea$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

Ix zbs sauaf kp aijlx yabps bjk xlbx I obga xk cfkz ke Xibf \ibf dirqih àobqsa ke gy lqs`bfh’s iddfass& _auapbd yabps bexap za ekpjkx Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla hkoxkp ifekpgah qs xlbx xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp lbh pisaf xk bf bdbpgifj dauad& Hpi~'eaahifj Hpi~'eaahif j zbs parqipah& I paoaiuah xla ifmaoxikf ke hpi~'eaahifj ekp xlpaa lkqps& Bexap xlbx$ gy lqs`bfh haodbpah xlbx za slbdd jk lkga bexap xla xpabxgafx& Oqpikqsdy$ I zbs lkdhifj if gy lbfh bf bfxi'obfoap hpqj& I zafx `boc xk xla lks~ixbd kfa zaac dbxap bfh bscah xla hkoxkp ie I lbh obqjlx obfoap& Ix zbs xla eipsx xiga I auap labph ke —~kdygyadkgb‗& I xlkqjlx xlbx ie I lbh pabddy obqjlx obfoap$ I slkqdh sxbpx hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& If Koxkàp$ xla Xibf \ibf dirqih I kphapah zbs hadiuapah xlpkqjl xla bjafoy& Bexap xbcifj ix ekp skga xiga$ xla safsa ke fqg`fass if lbfhs bfh eaax eadx àxxap& Hqpifj xla _~pifj Easxiubd$ gy hbqjlx bfh I ~dbffah xk xbca gy ?'yabp'kdh jpbfhskf ekp b uisix xk xla ^bdboa Gqsaqg if Xbizbf& Kfa zaac àekpa xlis xpi~$ I zafx xlpkqjl bfkxlap ifmaoxikf ke hpi~'eaahifj if xla lks~ixbd bfh xkkc bfxi'obfoap hpqj bs Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0??


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zadd& I `pkqjlx gy Xibf \ibf dirqih zixl ga bfh sqppa~xixikqsdy sqppa~xixikqs dy okfxifqah gy pajigaf& I dksx bdd gy lbip bexap paxqpfifj xk Xbizbf Xbizbf `qx I sxidd lbh b fioa xpi~& I xlkqjlx xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih bddbyah xla siha aeeaoxs sk I zbs afokqpbjah xk hpifc ix okfsxbfxdy& _kkf bexap$ I xkkc ~bpx if b gaaxifj if Xkcyk kpjbfi}ah `y xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf& Bexap disxafifj xk xla daoxqpas hadiuapah `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk$ bfh xla zbpg'labpxah Gp& B& @q epkg xla fifxl odifio$ I ekqfh xlbx I zbs fkx bdkfa if gy eijlx bjbifsx obfoap& Xlapa zapa sk gbfy gbfy ~ak~da ke sxpkfj olbpboxap bfh ipkf zidd ~kzap xpyifj xlaip àsx xk haeabx xla hisabsa& Fkz$ I fk dkfjap eaad fqg`fass if gy lbfhs bfh eaax bfh xla xqgkp ifhiobxkp is sxabhy& I qsah xk à parqipah xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd kfoa b zaac ekp olaoc'q~ `qx fkz$ ix lbs àaf pahqoah xk kfoa b gkfxl& Fa|x yabp$ I bg jkifj xk Cbg~qolab xk uisix xla Zq Ja @kppkz$ sk I bg eqdd ke a|~aoxbxikfs bfh a|oixagafx& If kphap xk okfxpkd xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla bfxi'obfoap hpqj$ I okfxifqa xk hpifc ekqp `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bsiha epkg paoaiuifj boq~qfxqpa bfh gk|i`qsxikf& I bg eiddah zixl jpbxixqha ekp Xibf \ibf dirqih&

0?8



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Gipboqdkqs Paxqpf Xk Diea Zlaf Xlapa Zbs Kfdy Xlpaa Gkfxls Daex

Gp& Cdbpckf$ 1:$ Okddaja ^pkeasskp$ _kqxl Bepiob

I zbs a|bgifah bfh ekqfh xk lbua gyadkgb `y gy epiafh$ Hp& @kxbj& I xlkqjlx ix okqdh à oqpah zixl gahiobd xpabxgafx&

Xla ekddkz'q~ a|bgifbxikf if B~pid 2991$

lkzauap$ slkzah xlbx gyadkgb bxxbocah bjbif& Xla hkoxkp zbs skppy xk ifekpg ga xlbx ix lbs s~pabh xk gy lbfhs bfh I kfdy lbua xlpaa xk si| gkfxls xk diua& Bdxlkqjl I okqdh booa~x xlis ebox$ I okqdh fkx sxbfh xla xabps ke gy ebgidy bfh xla has~apbxa a|~passikfs if xlaip ayas& Bs I jbua q~ bfh àjbf xk pabppbfja gy zkpc xk s~afh gkpa xiga zixl gy ebgidy$ gy adhap `pkxlap$ zlk zkpcs zixl xla ag`bssy if Ifhib$ safx ga b daxxap okfxbififj ifekpgbxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih& La ag~lbsi}ah xlbx I slkqdh jiua xlis b xpy& Xlis zbs if Mqdy bfh bdxlkqjl I hih fkx olapisl bfy lk~a$ I zbfxah xk lbua gkpa xiga ekp gy ebgidy sk I haoihah xk jiua Xibf \ibf dirqih b xpy& _ifoa I kphapah xlpkqjl gbid kphap$ ix zbs bdpabhy Bqjqsx xlbx jkx xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& Zkfhap zbs boliauah" Kfa kp xzk zaacs bexap$ gy zabcafah okfhixikf jpbhqbddy paokuapah& If bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf$ auaf Hp& @kxbj zbs sqp~pisah bx gy paokuapy& Bdd cifhs ke xasxs slkzah ig~pkuagafx& Xla a|bgifbxikf if Gby 299: okfeipgah xlbx xla obfoap



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

oadds lbh àaf zi~ah kqx& Xla pajqdbp gbppkz xasx bfh `dkkh xasx bdsk slkzah xlbx auapyxlifj zbs fkpgbd& Ix is b pabd gipboda ekp ga" Xla hkoxkp ~pahioxah si| gkfxls `qx I lbua sqpuiuah dkfjap& I àdiaua xlbx sifoa I obf paokuap$ sk obf kxlaps$ xkk& Fauap jiua q~ kf ykqp diea& @adiaua bfh lk~a if xla ~ksixiua aeeaoxs `pkqjlx `y Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Gy A|~apiafoa B`kqx @kfa Obfoap

Zbf Psìbxqd$ 2?$ _xqhafx$ Gbdboob

If Koxkàp 299<$ gy daex daj zbs saagifjdy b ìx szkddaf& _ifoa I zbs jkifj xk xbca ~bpx if xla s~kpxs gaax if Zq Mi ]li Fb Bpab kf àlbde ke gy solkkd$ I zbs kexaf ~pboxioifj ~dbyifj `bdd bfh xla 2>>'gaxap lqphda pboa& I xlkqjlx$ xlaf$ xlbx I lbh s~pbifah gy daj& Xla s~kpxs gaax zbs ebsx b~~pkbolifj zlida gy daj àjbf xk szadd gkpa bfh gkpa& I obddah xla bxxafxikf ke gy ~bpafxs `qx `kxl hih fkx xbca ix sapikqsdy& Gkxlap bdsk xlkqjlx ix zbs b sig~da s~pbif& Xzk kp xlpaa hbys dbxap$ gy gkxlap safx ekp b gbssbja hkoxkp xk lad~ ga `qx xlis hih fkx zkpc& _la xkkc ga xk b ~piubxa odifio bfh xla hkoxkp sig~dy jbua ga skga bfxiìkxio ekp haxqgasoafoa& _ifoa ix sxidd hih fkx zkpc$ Gkxlap bjbif xkkc ga xk xla sbga odifio zlapa xla hkoxkp xkdh lap xk xbca ga xk xla Gbdboob Oafxpbd Lks~ixbd ekp bf \'pby& Ix xqpfah kqx xlbx xla obfoap lbh bdpabhy zkpsafah bx xlis ~kifx bfh I lbh xk à 0?5



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

lks~ixbdi}ah iggahibxady& _ifoa Gbdboob hkas fkx lbua xla arqi~gafx xk hibjfksa bfh xpabx obfoap$ I zbs xpbfseappah xk xla Gb Hb Gahiobd Oafxap bx Cqbdb Dqg~qp& Xlapa$ xla hkoxkp obppiah kqx OX sobf bfh xasxs kf ga xk okfeipg xla hisabsa& Bdd a|bgifbxikfs zapa hkfa bfh xla okfodqsikf zbs `kfa obfoap& Xla hkoxkp iggahibxady sq`maoxah ga xk olagkxlapb~y ekddkzah `y sqpjapy& Xla olagkxlapb~y xkkc si| okqpsas$ xlpaa àekpa xla k~apbxikf bfh xlpaa bexapzbphs& Bdd gy lbip eadd kqx ifodqhifj gy aya`pkzs bfh ayadbslas& Xk bukih xla sqfslifa$ zliol lqpx gy ayas$ I lbh xk zabp sqfjdbssas bdd xla xiga& Bdd xla sqeeapifjs$ I àdiauah$ zapa xla zby xlbx dah ga xk paokuapy zixl xla lad~ ke Jkh& Kf Haoagàp ?2$299<$ I zbs `pkqjlx xk xla k~apbxifj pkkg if xla okg~bfy ke gy ~bpafxs$ `pkxlap bfh sisxap$ xk qfhapjk k~apbxikf kf gy daex daj& I zbs sobpah bfh eadx bf ig~qdsa xk pqf bzby `qx okqdhf’x& Xlaf$ I dksx okfsoikqsfass& Zlaf I k~afah gy ayas bjbif$ ix zbs kuap& I sbz gy ~bpafxs bfh si`difjs `y xla àh sk I hih fkx safsa bfyxlifj hpbsxiobddy zpkfj&

Ix xkkc xlpaa hbys ekp ga xk pabdi}a xlbx gy daex daj lbh àaf

bg~qxbxah& Kf xla ekqpxl hby$ I pabdi}ah xlbx xlapa zbs fkxlifj I okqdh hk `qx booa~x xla ebox$ eboa pabdixy okqpbjakqsdy bfh dabpf xk zbdc zixl xla lad~ ke b opqxol& Kf Gbpol 21$ 2999$ I zbs hibjfksah zixl dqfj ifeaoxikf bfh if xla OX sobf$ hkoxkps ekqfh xzk sgbdd xqgkp if gy daex dqfj bfh kfa if xla pijlx& I zbs epijlxafah& I lbh$ `y xlaf$ dabpfah xk sq~~pass gy agkxikfs& Bfkxlap k~apbxikf zbs sqjjasxah `qx ix zbs haagah xkk piscy& Zixlkqx xla k~apbxikf$ lkzauap$ gy olbfoa ke sqpuiubd zbs uapy gifigbd sifoa xla obfoap oadds if gy `khy zapa uapy boxiua bfh s~pabh rqiocdy& Gy ~bpafxs bddkzah ga xk gbca gy kzf haoisikf bfh I bjpaah zixl xla hkoxkp’s paokggafhbxikf& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0?:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Kfa zaac dbxap$ I sxidd pagagàp odabpdy xlbx ix zbs B~pid 28$2999$ I zbs bjbif if xla k~apbxifj pkkg& Hqa xk gy gy zabcafah okfhixikf bfh okfsxbfx okqjlifj$ xla hkoxkp xlkqjlx ix zbs fkx xla pijlx xiga xk k~apbxa& Ix zbs fkx qfxid B~pid 02 xk 0< xlbx xla k~apbxikf xkkc ~dboa& Ix zbs okfsihapah b sqooass sifoa sauaf sgbdd xqgkps epkg gy daex dqfj bfh fifa epkg gy pijlx dqfj zapa pagkuah& Xlasa xqgkps zapa xkk sgbdd xk à gabsqpah& Olagkxlapb~y ekddkzah bfh I paxqpfah xk xla lks~ixbd ekp `dkkh xasxs bexap xla okqpsa zbs eifislah& If Haoagàp 2999$ xla hkoxkp bjbif sqs~aoxah xlbx obfoap oadds lbua s~pabh xk gy labpx bfh ~pa~bpah ga xk qfhapjk sq~apskfio olaoc& I zbs ~dboah if b hkq`da zbph bfh gy pkkggbxa zbs b jipd sqeeapifj epkg `dkkh obfoap& Kfa hby$ xla jipd’s qfoda$ zlk is Olifasa$ uisixah lap& La afokqpbjah gy gkxlap xk bxxafh b solahqdah daoxqpa xlbx zidd ifxpkhqoa bf aeeaoxiua xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa ekqfh xk à aeeaoxiua bjbifsx obfoap& _auapbd lkqps dbxap$ I zbs obddah xk gy labpx a|bgifbxikf `qx xla hkoxkp okqdh fkx eifh bfy obfoap oadd if gy labpx bs la sqs~aoxah& Xla fa|x hby$ xla Olifasa qfoda `pkqjlx xla bhhpass ke xla bjafoy xlbx zbs kpjbfi}ifj xla daoxqpa la gafxikfah& La saagah b ìx ubjqa b`kqx ixs ~pioa$ xlkqjl& Xlbx bexapfkkf$ Gkxlap bscah ekp ~apgissikf xk dabua ga bx xla lks~ixbd sk xlbx sla okqdh jk xk xla bjafoy bfh k`xbif bhhixikfbd ifekpgbxikf b`kqx xla ~pkhqox& Bx lkga$ gy hisabsa jpaz zkpsa sk I lbh xk jk `boc xk xla lks~ixbd& Xla aeekpx xk sbua xla gkfay epkg `qyifj xla Olifasa gahioifa zbs paokfsihapah& Eifbddy$ if Haoagàp$ Gkxlap `kqjlx Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Fk& 1 Xibf \ibf ~idds& I xkkc xla gahioifa ekp ekqp gkfxls àekpa jkifj xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xla xqgkps if gy dqfj zapa fk dkfjap boxiua bfh hih fkx jpkz bfy ìjjap& La zbpfah$ lkzauap$ xlbx xlis slkqdh bdsk à ~pkuaf if xla 0?<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

\'pbys& If Mqfa 0>>>$ I lbh bfkxlap \'pby bfh xla hkoxkp okqdh fkx àdiaua xla pasqdx sk gqol sk xlbx la kphapah b saokfh kfa& La slkzah xla fajbxiuas xk b ~pkeasskp zlk okqdh fkx à sqpa zlaxlap xla xqgkps if gy `khy lbh àaf xkxbddy adigifbxah& Xla hkoxkp bpjqah xlbx gy dqfj b~~abpah odabp epkg xla \'pbys&

Zlaf xla bfbdysx jkx xla

~lkxkjpb~lio ~dbxa$ la okqdh fkx àdiaua xla pa~kpx aixlap bfh lbh xk eqpxlap okfsqdx ^pke& âbhs Cdific$ zlk bjpaah zixl gy bxxafhifj hkoxkp& Xla pasqdx ~pkuah zlbx xla hkoxkp sbih zbs qfàdiaub`da bfh xla ~pkeasskp hasopiàh bs uapy s~aoibd&

Xla jkkh fazs

`pkqjlx dbqjlxap xk gy ebgidy bfh I bdsk lk~ah xlbx ix zbs xpq& Q~ xk fkz$ I xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds& I obf jk `boc xk solkkd zixl xla lad~ ke b opqxol$ gy zaijlx lbs pisaf xk 8? cj bfh I lbua hkfa b jkkh mk` if gy sxqhias& Bdxlkqjl I hih fkx jk xk solkkd ekp bdgksx b yabp$ I sxidd ~bssah xla Q^_P a|bgs& Lapa$ I’h dica xk a|~pass gy sifoapa jpbxixqha xk Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Fk& 1 Xibf \ibf ~idds zliol jbua ga okfeihafoa bfh lb~~ifass xk diua kf& Gby Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Fk& 1 Xibf \ibf ~idds `pifj ga b `pijlx eqxqpa ekpauap"





^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Dbpyfjk~lbpyfs Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Xpy Ubpikqs Zbys Bfh _xpafjxlaf Okfeihafoa Okfeihafoa

Gp& Fbcblbpb$ 58$ Paxipah$ Ijapbci Okqfxy

Ix lbs àaf kuap kfa yabp fkz sifoa I sxbpxah xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& If Gbpol 2999$ xla hkoxkp haodbpah xlbx I lbh dbpyfjk~lbpyfs obfoap sk gy ziea sabpolah ekp `kkc b`kqx obfoap if xla lk~a ke eifhifj b oqpa& I zbs bxxpboxah xk xla `kkc —Eijlxifj bjbifsx Obfoap‗& I àjbf xk xbca aijlx `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh fifa Xibf \ibf ~idds àekpa I eifislah pabhifj xla `kkc& Xla dbpyfjk~lbpyfs obfoap zbs bx xla afxpbfoa ke xla ask~lbjqs b`kqx 2 og ziha bfh 0&1 og dkfj& Ix zbs ~dbffah xlbx I zidd lbua sqpjapy bexap xla xqgkp zbs pahqoah `y pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Zlida zbixifj ekp pbhibxikf xpabxgafx$ lkzauap$ I hisoqssah zixl gy ebgidy zlbx diea zkqdh à dica bexap xla k~apbxikf bfh xla rqbdixy ke diea I gby lk~a xk afmky& Za eifbddy haoihah fkx xk ~qpsqa xla k~apbxikf bfh padiah skdady kf pbhibxikf xpabxgafx xk ~pauafx xla eqpxlap s~pabh ke xla obfoap oadds& Kf xk~ ke bdd xlis$ I haoihah xk lk~a kf xla

08>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pasqdxs bfh aeeaoxs xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf ~idds obf jiua ga& Okg~bpah zixl kxlap ~bxiafxs$ I hih fkx sqeeap gqol epkg xla siha aeeaoxs ke pbhibxikf& If kxlap zkphs$ xlapa zbs fk hisokdkpbxikf kf gy scif bfh fk dkss ke b~~axixa aixlap& I okqdh abx fkpgbddy bfh hih fkx faah xk à ifmaoxah ekp hpi~'eaahifj& I kfdy xqpfah b ìx ~bda bfh skga olbfja zbs fkxioa if gy ukobd rqbdixy$ zliol paokuapah fbxqpbddy bexap xla xpabxgafx&

@kxl xla hkoxkps bfh fqpsas zapa bsxkfislah bx gy

pasidiafoa& If ebox$ I paoaiuah b dbpjap bgkqfx ke pbhibxikf ,:5 Jpby) xlbf bdd xla kxlap ~bxiafxs àobqsa I hih afmky xla àfaeixs ke sqpjapy bfh gy xpabxgafx okfxifqah ekp 80 hbys& Hqpifj xla fabpdy <> hbys xlbx I sxbyah if xla lks~ixbd$ I bxa auapy gabd sapuah zixlkqx a|oa~xikf& Ix is sbih xlbx zlaf xla bgkqfx ke pbhibxikf sqp~bssas ?>$ gbfy ~bxiafxs okqdh fk dkfjap zbdc bfh lbua xk pady kf hpi~'eaahifj ekp sqpuiubd& Ix is hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I lbh fkx àaf sigidbpdy beeaoxah `y gy gahiobd xpabxgafx& ^paoikqs bs Xibf \ibf dirqih dirqih is$ I sxidd eadx b dixxda idd bs I àjbf xk hpifc ix& I lbh xk bhh kp pahqoa xla hksbja bs I ekqfh faoassbpy if ~bpxioqdbp oipoqgsxbfoas& Fkz$ I xbca ekqp `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih ~ap hby bfh xzadua Xibf \ibf ~idds& Bs xla xpabxgafx àjbf$ xla hkoxkp zbpfah ga xlbx xla kfdy xlifj xlbx obf oqpa gy obfoap zbs sqpjapy& Ke okqpsa$ I fauap ekpjkx lis zkphs `qx I sxidd haoihah xk àdiaua if Xibf \ibf dirqih& Fkz$ faixlap OX sobf fkp GPI a|bgifbxikf obf slkz bfyxlifj zpkfj& Xlapa is fk sijf ke gaxbsxbsis bfh I bg lb~~y xlbx I gbha xla pijlx haoisikf sk xlbx gy `khy zidd fkx à lbpgah& Bdxlkqjl I bdzbys àbp if gifh bdd xlbx xla hkoxkp haodbpah$ I àdiaua gkpa if xla olkioa gy ziea bfh I lbua gbha& I zidd okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih zixl okfeihafoa if xla eqxqpa& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 082


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Paskdqxikf Fauap Xk Jiua Q~

Gp& Xbfbcb$ 58$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ _bjb Okqfxy

If Ea`pqbpy 2995$ xla dkobd lks~ixbd hibjfksah ga bs sqeeapifj epkg dbpyfjk~lbpyfs obfoap& I zbs iggahibxady bhgixxah ekp xpabxgafx zixl bfxi'obfoap hpqj xk pahqoa xla xqgkp bfh xk bzbix k~apbxikf& I eadx zadd bexap xla k~apbxikf bfh zbs bddkzah xk dabua xla lks~ixbd if B~pid& @aekpa I okqdh auaf afmky xla sbxiseboxikf ke paokuapy$ I zbs bjbif beedioxah zixl jpabx ~bif bx xla afh ke _a~xagàp& Xla a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds lbh bxxbocah bjbif bfh xlbx I okqdh fkz kfdy pady kf pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& _q`sarqafxdy$ b faijl`kp zlk lbh àaf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih paokggafhah ix xk ga&

I àjbf xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh bx xla sbga xiga$ zafx ekp olagiobd

xpabxgafx& I hpbfc si| `kxxdas ke Xibf \ibf dirqih auapy hby& Xlpaa gkfxls dbxap$ xla ~bif sxk~~ah bfh xla xqgkp hisb~~abpah& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xlapa is fk sijf ke gaxbsxbsis gaxbsxbsis sk xlbx I eadx padb|ah bfh xkxbddy padiauah& Fkz$ I bg if jkkh ~lysiobd bfh gafxbd okfhixikf bfh ifuqdfapb`da xk okdhs bfh edq$ xkk& I obf afmky b labdxly diea& I sxidd okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih xk absa gy zkppy ke paoqppafoa&

080



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xlypkih Jdbfh Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Eaad Xla Assafoa Ke Fauap Jiuifj Q~

Gp& Icaybgb$ 82$ Ag~dkyaa$ Ybgbfbsli Okqfxy

Ix Lbh @aaf 2> Yabps _ifoa Obfoap Zbs Ekqfh If Gy Xlypkih Jdbfh Bx eipsx$ I lbh xk qfhapjk bf k~apbxikf xk pagkua pagkua gy xlypkih jdbfh& Aijlx bfh b lbde yabps ~bssah if ~aboa `qx sqhhafdy$ obfoap oadds zapa bjbif ekqfh if gy dqfj$ `pbif bfh faoc& Bfkxlap k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah `qx skkf xla obfoap oadds s~pabh xk gy xzk dqfjs bfh xla hkoxkp jbua ga xlpaa xk ekqp yabps xk diua& Bx xlbx xiga$ I zbs kfdy ?> yabps kdh bfh okqdh fkx sig~dy jiua q~& Bexap xla dbsx k~apbxikf$ I xpiah bdd gabfs aeeaoxiua xk okg`bx obfoap$ ifodqhifj olbfjifj gy hiax zixl xla lad~ ke gy ziea& If Gby xla ekddkzifj yabp$ obfoap oadds ifubhah gy dyg~l jdbfh bx xla faoc bfh bjbif$ bf k~apbxikf zbs hkfa xk pagkua ix& If Mqdy$ bfkxlap k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah xk oqx k~af gy zifh~i~a àobqsa `pabxlifj lbh àokga hieeioqdx&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I lbh bdzbys àaf ekfh ke hadioikqs ekkh sk xlbx xla hiax xpabxgafx obddah ekp sbopieioa kf gy ~bpx& Hqa xk xla ~passqpa opabxah if difa zixl gy zkpc$ I skgaxigas okqdh fkx ~by bxxafxikf xk gifqxa haxbids&

I zbs jaxxifj rqixa ha~passah b`kqx gy

sixqbxikf& If Bqjqsx$ I sqeeapah epkg ~faqgkfib bfh lbh `dkkh if xla ~ldajg ekp fk pabskf& I$ bjbif$ lbh xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd ekp ly~apobdoifagib& Gy zaijlx hpk~~ah epkg 51 cj xk 81 cj bfh I zbs xappi`dy zabcafah `y bdd xla sqpjiobd ~pkoahqpas àifj hkfa& Kfoa gy sxpafjxl zbs dksx$ ubpikqs syg~xkgs kooqppah kfa bexap bfkxlap& Bs skkf bs ~faqgkfib zbs oqpah$ gy ukioa xqpfah lkbpsa if zifxap& If Ea`pqbpy xla ekddkzifj yabp$ bs I zbs xk qfhapjk iskxk~a pbhibxikf xpabxgafx xk ~pauafx bfkxlap bxxboc$ `dkkhy ~ldajg bjbif gbfieasx& Epbfcdy s~abcifj$ I xlkqjlx `y xlaf xlbx I zbs jkifj xk hia& Fk aeeaox zlbxskauap zbs hapiuah epkg xla dkfj disx ke xpabxgafxs I lbh qfhapjkfa& Bx xlis xiga$ I lbh xlkqjlx xlbx xlapa zbs fk kxlap k~xikf ekp ga `qx xk xbca Xibf \ibf dirqih& I `kqjlx `kkcs b`kqx xla sq`maox gbxxap bfh ~dboah bf kphap ekp xla ~pkhqox epkg xla jafapbd bjafoy if Lkfj Ckfj& Bdxlkqjl I zbs$ bx xlbx xiga$ sxidd rqixa hkq`xeqd ke xla pa~kpxs b`kqx xla paokuapy ke ~bxiafxs bfh xla <>! sqooass pbxa$ I lbh haoihah xlbx I lbh fkxlifj xk dksa bx xlis ~kifx& Ie xlasa odbigs zapa gapady ~pkgkxikfs$ bx dabsx$ I lbh jiuaf ix b xpy& Xlapa bpa fqgapkqs obsas zlapa okfsqgaps zapa olabxah `y ubpikqs cifhs ke labdxl ekkh if xla gbpcax$ ifodqhifj xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& gahioifa&

_ifoa xla iskxk~a

pbhibxikf xpabxgafx zbs fkx zkpcifj$ lkzauap$ I obffkx `qx ~dboa gy dbsx lk~a kf Xibf \ibf dirqih& I xlkqjlx xlbx auapykfa hias bfyzby bfh sig~dy ~dqfjah ifxk gy zkpc& Xlqs$ zixl xlis ebxbd booa~xbfoa$ gy gkkh xqpfah olaapeqd& Xaf hbys bexap I àjbf xk xbca 088



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla `dkkhy ~ldajg hisb~~abpah& If bfkxlap zaac$ xla ~bif if gy olasx sxk~~ah&

Gy lkbpsa ukioa xqpfah xk fkpgbd bfh gy okg~da|ikf àobga labdxly&

Auafxqbddy$ I zbs b`da xk pasqga gy fkpgbd diea& Fkz$ gy zaijlx lbs ifopabsah xk 12 cj bfh I obf jk obg~ifj ekp xzk hbys bfh xlpaa fijlx if sqggap& sqggap& I eaad xlbx I kza bdd xlasa ~piuidajas xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Ie Kfdy I Lbh Cfkzf Xibf \ibf Dirqih Abpdiap

]lq ]li Oli$ 50$ Kphapdy$ Xbizbf

I lbua jkfa xk gbfy lks~ixbds ekp hibjfksis bfh xpabxgafxs& Lkz gbfy ~ak~da’s diuas bpa xpkq`dah `y obfoap" I lbh xk jk xk ubpikqs lks~ixbds bfh eboa ubpikqs hkoxkps& I àdiauah xlbx I okqdh jax xk cfkz jkkh hkoxkps bfh jkkh xpabxgafxs sk bs xk pih gysade ke xla obfoap gkfsxap& Epkg xla àjiffifj$ xla hkoxkps’ hibjfksas zapa bdzbys qfodabp&

Bx xla

àjiffifj ke 2991$ I zafx ekp bf a|bgifbxikf sifoa I okfsxbfxdy okqjlah `qx fkxlifj saagah zpkfj zixl xla eqfoxikf ke gy labpx& Xla hkoxkp xlkqjlx ix zbs bsxlgb bfh xla dkzapifj eqfoxikf ke xla labpx&

Xla xpabxgafx paokggafhah lbh fk aeeaox kf gy

~pk`dag& Kfa yabp dbxap$ I s~ix kqx `dkkhy ~ldajg bfh bjbif$ okfsqdxah hkoxkps if xla lks~ixbd& Bjbif$ fkxlifj okqdh à ekqfh fkp okfeipgah& I lbh xk saac xla bhuioa ke bf aya'abp'fksa'xlpkbx ,AAFX) hkoxkp ebgidibp zixl xlasa ~bpxioqdbp kpjbfs& Xla hkoxkp Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 081


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ekqfh gy syg~xkgs sxpbfja bfh paeappah ga xk b olasx hkoxkp if b ìjjap lks~ixbd& Xla hkoxkp xlapa eifbddy hibjfksah xlypkih jdbfh obfoap& Xlbx zbs Mbfqbpy 25$ 2995& I obffkx pagagàp pagagàp xla haxbids bfygkpa a|oa~x xlbx I eadx hbpcfass afuadk~ ga3 bf ifhasopi`b`da eabp jpi~~ah gy labpx& I lbua obqjlx obfoap bfh fkxlifj obf lad~ ga fkz& I lbh xk uapiey zixl gy hbqjlxap zlbx xla hkoxkp sbih& _la pa~abxah xlbx xla hkoxkp jbua ga xlpaa gkfxls xk diua& _xq``kpf bs obf à$ gy hbqjlxap haodbpah xlis xk à ig~kssi`da& — Ykq obffkx mqsx zbix xk hia"‗ sla a|odbigah& Ifixibddy$ I lbh bf k~apbxikf xk pagkua xla xlypkih jdbfh bfh xla hkoxkp sqs~aoxah xlbx xla xqgkp sxidd pagbifah if gy `khy sk I lbh xk qfhapjk pbhibxikf xpabxgafx fa|x& I paoaiuah xpabxgafx if xla lks~ixbd hqpifj xla hby bfh zafx lkga bx fijlx xk sdaa~& Hqpifj bdd xlis xiga$ I hih fkx sxk~ okqjlifj bfh s~ixxifj kqx `dkkhy ~ldajg& I jpbhqbddy dksx gy b~~axixa& Xlqs$ auapy ~bifeqd hby hpbjjah `y& Bx dbsx$ I okqdh fk dkfjap qxxap b skqfh bfh dksx gy xpqsx if xlbx lks~ixbd& I okfsqdxah xla AAFX bjbif bfh la sqjjasxah lbuifj bfkxlap a|bgifbxikf& I zbs ifsxpqoxah xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd zlapa lis ekpgap xabolap zkpcah& Bdxlkqjl bx xlbx ~kifx$ xla haoisikf xk lbua gy xlpkbx pagkuah bfh b gaxbd hqox ifsxbddah if ixs sxabh lbh bdpabhy àaf gbha$ gy hbqjlxap bfh I labph xlbx xla k~apbxikfs ~apekpgah if xlbx lks~ixbd bdd ebidah& _k$ mqsx àekpa xla solahqdah k~apbxikf$ I daex xla lks~ixbd xag~kpbpidy kf xla jpkqfhs xlbx gy hbqjlxap zbs jkifj xk à gbppiah& I saopaxdy xpbfseappah xk b @qhhlisx lks~ixbd$ `qx xla k~apbxikf ~apekpgah xlapa bdsk ebidah& Zlaf I bjbif zafx xk xla lks~ixbd if _a~xagàp$ xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx zlaf gy zifh~i~a is pagkuah bfh b hqox ifsxbddah$ I zidd paokuap gy ukioa bfh okqjlifj zidd sxk~& Lk~ifj xlbx xlis zidd okga xpqa$ I sq`maoxah gysade xk sqol bf k~apbxikf& I zbs jpbuady 085



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ha~passah `y xla pasqdxs ke xla k~apbxikf àobqsa I lbua xkxbddy dksx gy ukioa bfh xla hqox if gy xlpkbx kexaf eadd kee& _ifoa xla hqox zbs fkx ~pk~apdy ifsxbddah$ ix auaf hpk~~ah ifxk gy `kzd kfoa zlaf I zbs abxifj& Gy ebgidy fauap okg~dbifah bfh I zbs uapy jpbxaeqd ekp xlis& Gy ziea bfh hbqjlxaps gqsx lbua slah b dkx ke xabps àlifh ga& Bx xlbx xiga$ gy hbqjlxap sbz xla bhuapxisagafx ke Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh uisixah Gp& \q$ xla okfsqdxbfx& Fkz$ I cfkz xlbx ix is Gp& \q zlk sbuah gy diea" Ie ix zapa fkx ekp lis bhuioa$ I zkqdh fkx lbua paokuapah gy ukioa& Gp& \q is b uapy obpaeqd ~apskf& La ifsxpqoxah ga kf lkz xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh ifxpkhqoah Hkoxkp Jbk epkg xla lks~ixbd bxxbolah xk xla Xbi~ai Gahiobd Ifsxixqxa& _ifoa xlis lks~ixbd obppias zasxapf gahioifa xpabxgafxs$ I hih fkx ~dboa xkk gqol lk~a if ix& Hkoxkp Jbk$ lkzauap$ zbs pabddy hieeapafx epkg xla kxlap hkoxkps I lbua ~pauikqsdy okfsqdxah& If ebox$ bdd xla ~ak~da if xlis lks~ixbd saagah xk à cifh& I lbh xk paoaiua pbhibxikf xpabxgafx bfh zbs b`da xk s~abc bexap xla eiexaaf sassikf& Gy ubsx mky zbs àykfh hasopi~xikf&

I sifoapady eadx xlbx diea zbs sk jkkh& Ix zbs

qfàdiaub`da xlbx bexap dksifj gy ukioa àobqsa ke pbhibxikf xpabxgafx$ I paokuapah ix `y pbhibxikf xpabxgafx xkk& Ix zbs bdd hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bdxlkqjl obfoap oadds hih fkx hisb~~abp okg~daxady$ xlay hih fkx xpbfseap fkp s~pabh& Xla xqgkp zbs ekqfh xk lbua slpqfc& Gy zaijlx pksa xk :> cj epkg 5> cj bexap xla k~apbxikf& Fkx qfxid paoafxdy hih I cfkz xlbx xla hkoxkp kfoa ~pahioxah xlbx I kfdy lbh xlpaa gkfxls xk diua& I àdiaua xlbx gy ziea bfh olidhpaf lih xlis xpqxl epkg ga bfh sqeeapah



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

gkpa ekp xla cfkzdahja& I padbxa bdd gy a|~apiafoas xk xlksa zlk bpa eijlxifj obfoap `qx lbua fkx xbcaf Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ekp gy ebgidy$ I zidd okfxifqa xk eijlx&

08<



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas If _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Fksa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

I Bg _qp~pisah Bx Xla Aeeaoxs Ke Xpbhixikfbd Olifasa Gahioifa

^qxdbolbxxb$ 50$ ^piubxa Afxpa~pafaqp$ Xlbidbfh

Abpdy xlis yabp$ I eadx b lbph dqg~ if gy fksa&

I pajbphah ix bs b sig~da

ifedbggbxikf bfh hih fkx ~by gqol bxxafxikf xk ix& _kkf$ I lbh ifopabsifj hieeioqdxy if `pabxlifj sk I zbs ekpoah xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd& Xla hkoxkp’s hibjfksis zbs fksa obfoap& Xla hkoxkp sqjjasxah pbhibxikf xpabxgafx ekp ?1 xigas& Gy epiafh paokggafhah Xibf \ibf dirqih xk ga ga bexap labpifj ke ixs aeeaoxs& I$ xlapaekpa$ àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih kfa zaac àekpa jkifj xlpkqjl xla pbhibxikf xpabxgafx& Gy ~lysiobd okfhixikf ig~pkuah bexap sauaf hbys bfh I eadx xla xqgkp àokga skexap xlbf àekpa bfh gy `pabxlifj qf`dkocah&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

I okfxifqah xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih zlida qfhapjkifj pbhibxikf& I bdsk xkkc Xibf \ibf ~idds xk lad~ bddauibxa xla siha aeeaoxs ke xlapb~y& I hih fkx eaad xlipsxy bfh okqdh sxidd bxxafh xk gy zkpc hqpifj xla xpabxgafx& Zlbx sxpqoc ga gksx zbs xla xqgkp pabddy slpqfc bexap xla xafxl pbhibxikf xl

xpabxgafx& xpabxgafx& Bexap xla 0< sassikf$ xla hkoxkp a|bgifah ga bfh sbih xlbx xla obfoap oadds hisb~~abpah okg~daxady bfh xlbx xla xpabxgafx okqpsa zidd à iggahibxady xapgifbxah& Ke okqpsa$ xla hkoxkp zbs bgb}ah bx xla hpbsxio olbfja if xla àlbuikp ke gy hisabsa& I bg okfuifoah xlbx gy paokuapy zbs fkx hqa xk pbhibxikf `qx Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Eifhifj Lk~a bfh Fkx Has~bip

]lkq Yq}laf$ 1<$ Obp~afxap$ Xbizbf

_ifoa xla dyg~l jdbfh àlifh gy abp szaddah$ I eadx sxpbfja bfh zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp okfsqdxbxikf& Xla hibjfksis zbs fksa obfoap& Xla hkoxkp sbih ix okqdh à oqpah if xzk gkfxls bexap okfoafxpbxah pbhibxikf xlapb~y ekqp kp eiua xigas&

I booa~xah xla hkoxkp’s bhuioa&

_q`sarqafx xpabxgafx

sassikfs$ lkzauap$ fkx kfdy jbua ga ~bif if xla fkisa `qx hpy xlpkbx bs zadd& I okqdh fkx sdaa~ bx fijlx bfh gy zaijlx hpk~~ah 2> cj epkg xla kpijifbd 51 cj& Olagkxlapb~y ekddkzah& Eiua giddidixaps giddidixaps ke bfxi'obfoap hpqj zbs ifmaoxah ifxk gy gy `khy okfxifqkqsdy& I

01>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

eadx gysade zabcafifj& Zlaf olagkxlapb~y zbs ~pkfkqfoah bs eifislah ekqp gkfxls dbxap$ I hih fkx jax àxxap `qx eadx jpabxdy afapubxah bfh eiddah zixl hisokgekpx& Bx xlbx xiga$ I lbua labph xlbx b epiafh zbs oqpah ke sxkgbol obfoap bexap hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih$ zliol la `kqjlx epkg Lkfj Ckfj& I iggahibxady daex ekp Lkfj Ckfj bfh `kqjlx Xibf \ibf dirqih& Ekp xzk gkfxls$ I sigqdxbfakqs qfhapzafx olagkxlapb~y bfh hpbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih&

Gy ~lysiobd sxbxa ig~pkuah bfh I zbs uapy sqp~pisah

àobqsa if xla ekddkzifj si| gkfxls$ I sig~dy padiah kf Xibf \ibf dirqih bdkfa& Ix lbs àaf kfa yabp sifoa I zbs ekqfh xk lbua obfoap& Xla a|bgifbxikfs fkz okfeipg xlbx xla obfoap oadds bpa zi~ah kqx& Xla hkoxkp bdsk okfeipgah xla ~ksixiua aeeaoxs I hapiuah epkg Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh a|~aoxs ga xk okfxifqa hpifcifj ix&

Pauiuifj xla _~ipix bfh xla @khy

Daa Yqc Yif$ 10$ @qsifassgbf$ Lkfj Ckfj

If B~pid 299:$ I eadx zabcafah `y edq'dica syg~xkgs&

I xlkqjlx ix zbs xla

okggkf okdh xlbx zkqdh jk bzby bexap b `piae pasx& Bexap xzk kp xlpaa gkfxls$ lkzauap$ I sxidd lbh fkx paokuapah& I skkf eadx gy dyg~l jdbfh szkddaf& I zbs sk epijlxafah xlbx I pqslah xk xla lks~ixbd xk lbua b olaoc'q~& Xla hkoxkp `pkqjlx ga ga slkocifj fazs xlbx zlbx I sqeeapah epkg zbs fksa obfoap$ zliol lbh s~pabh xk xla dqfj bfh xla diuap& Gbyà



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

ix zbs faoassbpy xk xadd ga ga sk la ifhiobxah xlbx xla obfoap zbs if ixs dbxa sxbja& _ifoa ix lbh gaxbsxbsi}ah xk gy dqfj bfh diuap$ I xlkqjlx I okqdhf’x lbua uapy dkfj xk diua& Bsxkfislah bs I zbs$ I sxidd gbfbjah fkx xk à q~sax&

I hidijafxdy paoaiuah

olagkxlapb~y bfh pbhibxikf qfhap xla hkoxkp’s ifsxpqoxikfs& Xla pbhibxikf zbs ekp si| sassikfs zlida xla olagkxlapb~y sauaf xigas$ `kxl kfoa auapy gkfxl& Xla aeeaox zbs fkx sbxiseboxkpy& Xla hkoxkp saopaxdy xkdh gy gy ziea xlbx I kfdy lbua bpkqfh xlpaa gkfxls sifoa xla obfoap lbh bdpabhy ~pkjpassah xk ixs xapgifbd sxbja& I zbs fkx xkdh xlis ebox qfxid dbxap& Hqpifj xlis ~apikh$ ix zbs gy ziea zlk sqeeapah b dkx sifoa xla hisabsa ifxafsieiah bfh zbfah bdxapfbxady& Bexap I pabdi}ah gy pabd sixqbxikf$ b epiafh bscah ga ie I lbh labph ke Xibf \ibf dirqih& _ifoa I lbh fk ihab zlbx la zbs xbdcifj b`kqx$ I bscah xla hkoxkp b`kqx ix& Xla hkoxkp zbs sk oyfiobd bfh rqasxikfah xla aeeioboy ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& La auaf bhhah xlbx ie I hih fkx xpqsx xla bìdixy ke xla lks~ixbd xk lad~ ga xlaf ix zbs àxxap xk dabua& I olbfjah hkoxkp bexap xlbx fkx àobqsa I hkq`xah lis bìdixy `qx àobqsa la zbs fkx if xla dabsx cifh& Epkg xlaf kf$ I hih fkx pbisa gy k~ifikfs& Bexap sauapbd pbhibxikf xpabxgafxs bfh olagkxlapb~y$ I hih fkx eaad bfy siha aeeaoxs xlbx slkqdh lbua gbfieasxah& Auaf gy faz hkoxkp a|~passah sqp~pisa bx xlis& La rqiaxdy bscah ie I zapa xbcifj bfy kxlap gahioifa& I hih fkx hafy xlbx I zbs `qx ekqfh ix qffaoassbpy xk adb`kpbxa& Xla hkoxkp safsah xlbx I hih fkx zbfx xk slbpa xla ifekpgbxikf bfh sig~dy daex& Xlpaa yabps lbh ~bssah sifoa xla ~pauikqs hkoxkp’s ~pahioxikf& Fkz$ I sxidd zkpc bx gy ~ksx& Xla pajqdbp olaoc'q~s parqipah ke ga auapy gkfxl slkz xlbx gy zlixa `dkkh oadds ifopabsah$ bfh xla si}a ke xla dyg~l xqgkp slpqfc& I àdiaua xlbx I lbua olksaf xla 010



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

pijlx xpabxgafx& Xla hkoxkp xkdh ga xlbx auaf ie xla xqgkp is pahqoah$ ix is sbeap xk okfxifqa eqpxlap olagiobd xpabxgafx& I hih fkx zbfx xk sqeeap bfy eqpxlap$ lkzauap$ sk I paeqsah& Fkz$ `kxl gy ~lysiobd bfh gafxbd gafxbd sxbxas bpa ig~pkuah& I cfkz gy okfhixikf àsx& Bdxlkqjl obfoap pagbifs qfolbfjah$ I àdiaua ix zidd fkx jpkz fkp s~pabh bfh I zidd jax àxxap& Gy ziea eifbddy xkdh ga b`kqx xla hkoxkp’s ~pahioxikf kfa xiga bfh za `kxl dbqjlah& I sxidd diua auapy hby zadd bfh obf hk sig~da zkpc& I lbua pasqgah gy fkpgbd pkqxifa bfh eaad gysade jpkz sxpkfjap if s~ipix& I àdiaua xlbx bdd xlis is hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Ask~lbjqs Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Pajbif Xla Lb~~ifass Epkg _kfs Bfh Jpbfhskfs

Hifj _qc Yifj$:>$ Lkqsaziea$ Lkfj Ckfj

Eiexaaf yabps bjk$ I pasijfah gy mk` if xla lk~a xlbx I obf sxbpx kf b daisqpady diea if xla okg~bfy ke gy jpbfhskf& If bqxqgf xlpaa yabps bjk$ I eadx hisokgekpx if gy xlpkbx zlaf szbddkzifj ekkh bfh auaf eadx dica ukgixifj bexap auapy gabd& I zbs sqhhafdy sai}ah `y b safsa ke ekpa`khifj& Fauapxladass$ I hih fkx xbca ix sapikqsdy qfxid jpbhqbddy I àobga qfb`da xk szbddkz ekkh& Qpjah `y gy hbqjlxap$ I eabpeqddy zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp bf a|bgifbxikf& \'pbys slkzah b xqgkp if xla oafxap ke xla ask~lbjqs bfh ix zbs kuap 2> og& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx hqa xk gy bja$ bf k~apbxikf zkqdh à hieeioqdx sk xlbx ix is àxxap xk lbua pbhibxikf bfh olagkxlapb~y& Bexap xla sapias ke xpabxgafxs$ I zbs sxidd qfb`da xk szbddkz ekkh hqa xk xla siha aeeaoxs ke xla xpabxgafxs&

I zbs a|xpagady a|lbqsxah bfh bdzbys eadx dica ukgixifj

has~ixa xla ebox xlbx gy sxkgbol zbs ag~xy& I xlkqjlx$ gbyà I zbs jkifj xk hia& Bx xlbx xiga$ I obga xk cfkz ke Xibf \ibf dirqih$ b xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa epkg gy skf'if'dbz& I `kqjlx xla ~pkhqox bfh sxbpxah xk hpifc ix& Xk gy sqp~pisa$ I okqdh 018



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

xbca if dirqih ekkh bexap xzk zaacs bfh if b gkfxl’s xiga$ xla siha aeeaoxs hisb~~abpah bfh I okqdh abx skex ekkh zixlkqx hieeioqdxy& \'pbys slkzah xlbx xla xqgkp lbh pahqoah `y kfa xliph if xlpaa gkfxls& Xla hkoxkp jdbhdy opahixah xla pasqdx xk xla pbhibxikf bfh olagkxlapb~y& Ekp gysade$ I zbs rqixa sqpa xlbx ix zbs hqa xk Xibf \ibf dirqih xlbx I lbh absidy paokuapah& Xlpaa yabps lbh ~bssah bfh ke okqpsa$ I obf ~pkqhdy haodbpa xlbx I bg hkifj uapy zadd&

Lkz Xk Xbca Obpa Ke Ykqp @khy Bexap K~apbxikf

Gp& Axkq$ 8>$ Ag~dkyaa$ Fbcbsligb Okqfxy

Kf Bqjqsx y$ 299:$ I zbs safx xk xla lks~ixbd bxxbolah xk xla gahiobd ha~bpxgafx ke Miq ]lkq Qfiuapsixy& Hqpifj xla ~paoahifj xzk gkfxls$ gkfxls$ I lbh b olaoc'q~ bx b dkobd lks~ixbd zlapa `dkkh zbs ekqfh if gy qpifa& I zbs padabsah dass xlbf xlpaa zaacs bexap àobqsa xla obqsa okqdh fkx à ekqfh& If kphap xk haxaox xla hisabsa$ I diuah if xla sbga lks~ixbd bjbif bfh zbs sq`maoxah xk ubpikqs a|bgifbxikfs auapy hby& Hqpifj xlis xiga$ I hih fkx xbca bfy gahioifa& Kf Bqjqsx 0>$ b hqox zbs ifsapxah if gy qpaxap bfh xla pasqdx zbs gbha cfkzf kf Bqjqsx 0<& Xla hkoxkp if olbpja s~kca xk gy ebgidy bfh pauabdah xlbx xlpaa xqgkps zapa ekqfh if xla gihhda ~bpx ke xla daex qpaxap& Bf k~apbxikf zbs



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

solahqdah xk pagkua xla daex cihfay bfh xla zlkda qpaxap& Bexap gkpa hisoqssikfs$ xla eifbd hibjfksis zbs obfoap& Has~ixa xlis slkoc$ gy ebgidy xpiah xlaip àsx xk eifh kxlap gabfs ke oqpa& Za jkx ifekpgbxikf kf xla xpabxgafx ke obfoap xlpkqjl xla Ifxapfax& Za obddah ixs Lkfj Ckfj keeioa xk ~dboa bf kphap& Bs skkf bs xla Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy bppiuah$ gy ebgidy `pkqjlx ix xk xla lks~ixbd& Kf _a~xagàp <$ I sxbpxah xk qsa kfa ~idd ke Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy bfh hpbfc ekqp `kxxdas ke dirqih auapy hby& Bdgksx kfa zaac lbh xpbfs~ipah zlaf xla hqox zbs bjbif ifsapxah ifxk xla qpaxap& Xlay ekqfh xlbx xla xlpaa xqgkps hisb~~abpah& Xla hkoxkp ~dbffah xk oqx bzby xla xqgkps ekqfh if gy `dbhhap bfh bx xla `kxxkg ke gy qpaxap kf _a~xagàp 25& Hqa xk xla aeeaoxs ke Xibf \ibf dirqih$ xla k~apbxikf zbs ~ksx~kfah ekp xzk zaacs bfh zbs dbxap sqooasseqddy ~apekpgah& I zbs eifbddy padabsah epkg xla lks~ixbd kf Koxkàp 00& Xkhby$ I diua auapy hby lb~~idy bfh okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih bx b dkzap hksbja&

015



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Xkfjqa Obfoap ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Ubdqa Diea Bfh Ubdqa Xibf \ibf Dirqih

Obi Mqflqi$ 80$ @qs Hpiuap$ Xbizbf

_ifoa I lbh àaf hpiuifj dkfj hisxbfoa epkg Mibyi xk Xbi~ai ekp rqixa skga xiga$ I lbh xk pady kf oijbpaxxas bfh àxad fqxs xk paepasl gysade& I sgkca bx dabsx kfa ~boc ke oijbpaxxas bfh xzk ~bocaxs ke àxad fqxs ~ap hby& I sxidd gbifxbif xla lbìx auaf zlaf I bg fkx hpiuifj& Bs bf kdh sbyifj ~qxs ix$ —Ie ykq kexaf zbdc bx fijlx$ ykq zidd gaax xla jlksx kfa hby& — Ix hkas fkx gabf xlbx I lbua pabddy gax gax xla jlksx zlida hpiuifj$ `qx sig~dy xlbx gy `bh lbìxs sqol bs xla oijbpaxxas bfh xla àxad fqxs$ dah ga xk xla gkfsxap ke xkfjqa obfoap& If 299:$ I sxbpxah xk eaad bdxapfbxa fqg`fass bfh ~bif kf gy xkfjqa& Okfsarqafxdy$ I olazah gkpa àxad fqxs xk gbca ga okgekpxb`da&

Kfa gkpfifj$ lkzauap$ bs I zbs

`pqslifj gy xaaxl$ I k~afah gy gkqxl if epkfx ke xla gippkp bfh kfdy xlaf fkxioah xlbx gy xkfjqa dkkcah hieeapafx epkg àekpa&

B dbpja ~bpx ke ix zbs pah bfh `dboc bfh

easxapifj& Gy labpxàbx rqiocafah& I xkdh gy ziea b`kqx ix bfh k~afah gy gkqxl xk dax lap saa ekp lapsade& _la zbs jpabxdy slkocah bfh sqjjasxah xlbx I xbca b dabua ekp b gahiobd olaoc'q~& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 01:


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_la bscah lap sisxap xk xbca obpa ke kqp xzk olidhpaf bfh bookg~bfiah ga xk b ìj lks~ixbd if Xbi~ai& Auaf zixlkqx gqol olaocifj$ xla hkoxkp xkdh ga zlbx gy beedioxikf zbs& Xla ~qp~ksa ke xla a|bgifbxikf zbs mqsx xk okfeipg ix& Xla fa|x hby$ xla hkoxkp obga zixl b jpkq~ ke ykqfj sxqhafx hkoxkps zlida gbcifj lis pkqfhs ke xla zbps& La bscah ga xk k~af gy gkqxl$ ~kifxah kqx gy xkfjqa xk xlag bfh dax xlag a|~pass xlaip k~ifikfs& Eifbddy$ la xkdh ga xlbx gy gy xkfjqa lbh xk à oqx kee& Xlaf$ la sig~dy zbdcah bzby zixl xla jpkq~ ke ykqfj hkoxkps xk uisix xla kxlap zbphs& Gy ziea dkkcah bx ga zixl xabps edkzifj hkzf lap eboa$ zlida àekpa gy gifh$ edbslah soafas ke gysade xpyifj xk a|~pass gy xlkqjlxs xlpkqjl lbfh sijfbds& Gy ziea qsah xk rqbppad zixl ga gbfy xigas àobqsa ke gy oijbpaxxa sgkcifj bfh àxad fqx olazifj& Fkz$ sla ca~x lap xlkqjlxs xk lapsade& Bs ekp ga$ I xlkqjlx xlbx I lbh skqjlx xla xpkq`da gysade$ yax eadx xlbx ix obga xkk abpdy& I zbs kfdy 80 yabps kdh& Obfoap kfdy bxxbocs xlksa b`kua 5>& Zly hih ix sxpica ga sk abpdy; Bfyzby$ I lbh xk eboa pabdixy& I obdgah hkzf bfh xkdh gy ziea xlapa gqsx à skga kxlap xpabxgafxs kxlap xlbf lbuifj gy xkfjqa oqx&

Za okqdh bsc epiafhs bfh

padbxiua ekp padaubfx ifekpgbxikf& Auafxqbddy$ bs I sxbyah lkga zbixifj ekp gy k~apbxikf$ gy sisxap'if'dbz `pkqjlx ga b hkoqgafx b`kqx Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih& I lbh saaf xla ~pkhqox if gbjb}ifa àekpa `qx hih fkx xpqsx ix àobqsa I zbs `kpf if Xbizbf bfh Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih gqsx okga epkg gbifdbfh Olifb& Ix zbs pa~kpxah xlbx gbfy xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifas okfxbif ~kiskfkqs labuy gaxbd bfh okqdh fkx à xpqsxah& I sig~dy ~qx xla ifekpgbxikf bsiha& Okfsihapifj xla k~xikf xlbx xla hkoxkp jbua qs$ lkzauap$ bfyxlifj dkkcah gkpa bxxpboxiua& _k gy ziea xkkc kqx xla hkoqgafx kf Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh pabh ix 01<



obpaeqddy&

^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_la zbs okfuifoah ix zkqdh à lad~eqd bfh qpjah ga xk jiua ix b xpy&

Kxlapzisa$ xlapa zbs kfdy kfa kxlap k~xikf bfh xlbx zbs xk lbua gy xkfjqa oqx kee& I bjpaah xk `qy Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy$ zliol obf srqaa}ah xlpkqjl xla bfbd k~afifj& I xlkqjlx I’h àxxap xla ifsxpqoxikfs pijlx sifoa xla gahioifa zbs uapy a|~afsiua& Xaf hbys bexap I xkkc xla gahioifa$ xla hkoxkp obddah ekp ga xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd ekp ~pa~bpbxikf ekp xla k~apbxikf xlpaa hbys dbxap& Zlaf xla pasihafx ~lysiobd a|bgifah gy xkfjqa bjbif$ la ekqfh ix hieeapafx epkg àekpa& Xla xkfjqa zbs fkz sgkkxl bfh kfdy b sgbdd ~bpx zbs easxapifj& Xla hkoxkp sbih xlbx xla k~apbxikf sxidd faahah xk à ~apekpgah `qx kfdy b sgbdd ~kpxikf zidd à pagkuah& La a|~dbifah xlbx ix zidd fkx beeaox gy abxifj fkp gy s~aaol& La bdsk bscah ie I xkkc bfy xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xla ~bsx eaz hbys& I bfszapah hipaoxdy xlbx I hpbfc Olifb Fk& 2 Xibf \ibf dirqih& La sgidah bfh sbih xlbx la lbh labph ke ix bfh xlaf ~bxxah ga kf xla slkqdhap& Bs I zbs ~qslah kqx ke xla k~apbxifj pkkg$ xla hkoxkp xkdh gy ziea xlbx xla `bh ~bpx zbs oqx kee bfh ix zbs fkx ìj& Obpa gqsx fkz à xbcaf bfh sgkcifj bfh àxad fqx olazifj b`skdqxady ekpìhhaf& Ix is q~ xk ga fkz xk haoiha zlaxlap I zkqdh okfxifqa hpifcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih& Bexap dabuifj xla lks~ixbd$ I pabh xla ifxpkhqoxikf b`kqx Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh hpbfc ix sxpioxdy qfhap ifsxpqoxikfs& I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp pajqdbp olaoc'q~ auapy xlpaa gkfxls bfh dbxap$ auapy si| gkfxls& I okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih qfxid fkz& I hk fkx qsa xla Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy bfy gkpa$ xlkqjl& Ke okqpsa$ I hk fkx hbpa sgkca kp olaz àxad fqxs" I bdsk xadd xla kxlap hpiuaps ke xla okg~bfy fkx xk agqdbxa ga& Bfyzby$ I bg eiddah zixl jpbxixqha ekp I obf bjbif diua b fkpgbd diea& Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 019


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Xlbfcs xk Xibf \ib dirqih$ I jkx xk caa~ gy gy xkfjqa& I’h dica xk bhuisa kxlap obfoap ~bxiafxs xk olkksa b xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa xk okg~dagafx xla zasxapf gahioifa bfh boliaua àxxap aeeaox&

_iha aeeaoxs ke zasxapf gahioifa gahioifa okqdh bdsk à

gixijbxah if xlis gbffap& If ebox$ I cfkz obfoap is dicady xk bxxboc bjbif$ `qx xla olbfoa zidd à dass ie I okfxifqa xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih& I lbua gbha q~ gy gifh xk à zixl gy ziea bfh olidhpaf ekp bs dkfj bs I obf bfh I zkf’x ha~piua gy ebgidy ke gy dkua bfh sapuioas sk abpdy& I zidd ubdqa auapy hby ke gy diea$ bs I ubdqa auapy hpk~ ke Xibf \ibf dirqih&

05>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Gbdijfbfx Xlygqs Xqgkp ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Fk _iha Aeeaoxs Auaf Zixl Olagiobd Xpabxgafx

_ifj Cbg Yqaf$ ?5$ Ag~dkyaa$ Lkfj Ckfj

I lbh fauap a|~aoxah xk lbua obfoap bx gy bja" Ekp skga qfcfkzf pabskf$ ix zbs gbdijfbfx xlygqs xqgkp$ zliol is pbpady saaf if xla zkpdh& If Haoagàp 2995$ I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd hqa xk sdijlx ~bif if xla olasx bfh eauap& Bx eipsx$ xla obqsa okqdh fkx à haxaoxah& Bexap \'pbys bfh ubpikqs kxlap a|bgifbxikfs$ ix zbs okfeipgah xk à gbdijfbfx xlygqs xqgkp& Xla hkoxkp if olbpja sbih xlapa bpa uapy eaz sqol obsas if xla zlkda zkpdh& Auaf ie xla xpabxgafx is sqooasseqd$ la sbih ix zbs ig~kssi`da xk paokuap& Ie ix zbs ig~kssi`da xk paokuap$ xlaf xlbx gabfs xla I bg hyifj& Zly xla hkoxkp xkdh ga sk hipaoxdy$ I xlifc zbs àobqsa la cfaz I zbs b Obxlkdio bfh gy àdiae jbua ga xla okqpbja xk eboa habxl& @qx I zbs epijlxafah bfh hb}ah& Zlaf I zbs ifxpks~aoxifj kf xlis ~qfislgafx epkg Jkh$ I zbs if jpabx eabp ke habxl& I xkdh gy ebgidy b`kqx gy hisabsa bfh gy `pkxlap'if'dbz iggahibxady paokggafhah Xibf \ibf dirqih& I xlkqjlx xlbx ie zasxapf gahioifa hih fkx lad~$ I okqdh xpy xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& I àjbf xk hpifc Xibf \ibf dirqih hqpifj xla ekqp gkfxls I zbs if xla lks~ixbd& Olagiobd xpabxgafx Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 052


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zbs bhgifisxapah kfoa b gkfxl `qx I hih fkx sqeeap epkg bfy siha aeeaoxs sqol bs ukgixifj bfh lbip dkss& Auaf xla hkoxkp zbs bgqsah bfh rqasxikfifj& I àdiauah xlbx Xibf \ibf dirqih xkkc aeeaox iggahibxady& Bfkxlap sqp~pisa zbs if sxkpa ekp ga zlaf gy jipdepiafhs daex ga q~kf gy padabsa epkg xla lks~ixbd& I hih fkx liha xla xpqxl epkg lap àobqsa I xlkqjlx sla zkqdh lbua bf qfoapxbif eqxqpa zixl ga& Xla ihab ke gbppibja xk lap$ lkzauap$ zbs bdd xla ifs~ipbxikf I lbh xk eijlx obfoap& Xla fazs xlbx sla zbs dabuifj ga sqp~pisah ga bs gqol gqol bs obfoap& I paeqsah xk à hagkpbdi}ah$ lkzauap& Zixl xla fkxikf xlbx Jkh is zixl ga$ ga$ I okfxifqah xk paoaiua xla olagiobd xpabxgafx bfh hpbfc xla Xibf \ibf dirqih hidijafxdy& If Gby 299:$ bf a|bgifbxikf slkzah xlbx xla obfoap oadds okg~daxady hisb~~abpah& Fkz$ I sig~dy faah xk jk xk xla lks~ixbd ekp olaoc'q~ kfoa b gkfxl& Xlbx ~apikh ke gy diea saagah dkfj&

I lbua qsah q~ bdd xla gkfay I lbh sbuah ekp gy

gbppibja& Ekp skgakfa zixl b dkz sbdbpy$ Xibf \ibf dirqih is pabddy bf aokfkgio `qphaf& Lk~a a|isxs$ lkzauap$ bs dkfj bs I sqpuiua& I xlbfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp sbuifj gy diea&

050



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

A|~apiafoas if _qooasseqddy Haeabxifj Kxlap Hisabsas ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Ebgidy Gagàps Bpa _qp~pisah Bx Gy Paokuapy

Dbhy _ligixsq$ 5?$ _bixbgb Okqfxy

Ekp xla zlkda hby$ I lbh hibpplab$ boqxa ~bif if xla `boc bfh b`hkgaf bfh I eadx a|xpagady xipah& Xla hkoxkp hibjfksah ~bfopabs xqgkp& Xlis lb~~afah if Ea`pqbpy xlis yabp&

Xla hisabsa zbs obqsah `y dirqih edkzifj ifxk xla ~bfopabs bfh ekpgifj b

gbdijfbfx xqgkp& Bdd xla ~bif zbs obqsah `y xla bexap'aeeaox ke `pbif xqgkp& Zlaf xla hkoxkp xkdh ga ke xla hisabsa$ I zbs xkk slkocah xk okggafx& Kf B~pid 05$ zlaf I zbs ifekpgah ke xla pasqdx ke xla afhksok~y bfh GPI$ xla hkoxkp a|~dbifah xla okg~diobxikfs okg~diobxikfs ke xla ìj k~apbxikf ~dbffah& I xlifc I zidd fauap ekpjax xlbx hby if gy diea& Eabp bfh ~bif xkpxqpah ga& ga& Bx xlbx xiga$ I labph ke b jkkh xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa& Bdxlkqjl ix zbs fkx xkk odabp zlaxlap xla gahioifa okqdh oqpa obfoap$ I xlkqjlx xlbx I slkqdh bx dabsx jiua ix b xpy& Gy skf `pkqjlx ga xla `kkcs zpixxaf `y Hp& Zbfj ]lafjjqk bfh xla gkpa ifekpgbxikf I ekqfh epkg xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf$ xla gkpa okfuifoah I jkx xlbx xlis gijlx à gy oqpa&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

_ifoa I lbh fauap hisopigifbxah bjbifsx xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa$ ix zbs absy ekp ga xk qfhapsxbfh xla zkpcifjs ke xla gahioifa& I zbs xlaf zaijlifj zlaxlap I faahah xk qfhapjk bf k~apbxikf sk I xlkqjl xlbx I gijlx bs zadd sxbpx kf gy Xibf \ibf xlapb~y& I àjbf xbcifj Xibf \ibf dirqih kf Gby 5& Xla fa|x hby$ I iggahibxady eadx hieeapafx bfh bs I okfxifqah xk xbca xla dirqih$ gy ifxqixikf zbs àokgifj okfeipgah& _auapbd hbys bexap$ gy `kzad gkuagafx ig~pkuah bfh bdgksx paxqpfah xk fkpgbd& Xla okfsxbfx ~bif bdsk hisb~~abpah& @aekpa xlbx$ I okqdhf’x sdaa~ zadd ekp xla ~bif bfh zlaf I zafx kqx$ I bdzbys eadx q~sax& Gy ebgidy xpiah xlaip àsx xk sq~~kpx ga& Kf Gby 09$ ix zbs xla eipsx xiga xlbx I zafx xk xla lks~ixbd ekp b pajqdbp GPI a|bgifbxikf zixl a|oixagafx& Xzk hbys dbxap$ xla pasqdx obga kqx zixl xla ~bfopabs xqgkp kùikqsdy pahqoah if si}a sk xlbx bf k~apbxikf zbs fk dkfjap parqipah&

I sxidd lbua xk qfhapjk eparqafx

a|bgifbxikf$ xlkqjl& Zlaf I labph xla pasqdx epkg xla hkoxkp$ I sbz xla sqp~pisah a|~passikf kf xla hkoxkp’s eboa& I cfaz gy okfhixikf zbs àxxap xlbf bfykfa adsa bfh I eadx gkpa padiauah bexap xla hkoxkp boxqbddy okfeipgah ix& Xla `dkkh xasx kf gy kqx `pbif bdsk slkzah ~ksixiua pasqdxs& Xla hkoxkp sbih fkx xk zkppy b`kqx bfyxlifj bfygkpa& La auaf bhhah xlbx I slkqdh àdiaua if Xibf \ibf dirqih& If xla ~bsx$ I bdzbys xpiah xk bukih gahiobd a|bgifbxikfs if xla lks~ixbd$ `qx fkz$ I lk~a xk cfkz xla aeeaox ke Xibf \ibf dirqih pajqdbpdy& Kf gy ìpxlhby if Koxkàp$ I bdsk ~dahjah xk Jkh xk lbua GPI kexaf& Gy skf paoafxdy haodbpah xlbx I lbua eqddy 058



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

paokuapah `qx I hbpah fkx dax hkzf gy uijidbfoa àobqsa paokuapy obffkx à boliauah sk rqiocdy& I lbua xk à ~bxiafx& @asihas$ xla _lbfj Pkfj Xab xlbx I hpbfc qfhap xla ifsxpqoxikfs ke xla Mb~bfasa `pbfol ke xla Ifxapfbxikfbd Obfoap Paokuapy Bsskoibxikf xkkc gqol aeeaox bjbifsx hibpplab& Dbxap kf$ I obga xk cfkz xlbx ix zbs bdsk aeeaoxiua ekp fkf'obfoap ~bxiafxs sk I paokggafh ix xk gy padbxiuas bfh epiafhs& I lbua hpqfc Xibf \ibf dirqih ekp sauapbd gkfxls& Bdxlkqjl I obf’x jiua b haxbidah bookqfx lapa$ I zidd xpy xk padbxa gy a|~apiafoas xk gkpa ~ak~da bfh okfxifqa hpifcifj ix&

Ig~pkua ^lysirqa Jpbhqbddy

Giss Xk`bsli$ 05$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk

Xzk yabps bjk$ I zafx xk xla K@'Jyfa ha~bpxgafx ke xla lks~ixbd àobqsa ke gy hysgafkpplab$ zliol auaf if okddaja$ okfsxbfxdy xpkq`dah ga& Bx eipsx$ xla hkoxkp sqs~aoxah afhkgaxpiksis& Bexap ubpikqs xasxs$ bdd hkq`xs zapa his~addah& Xla eifbd hibjfksis zbs —~apikh xpkq`da‗& Ix àjbf epkg xla ~bif if xla `boc bfh xla zbisx àekpa xla ~apikh hauadk~ah ifxk b jpabx labhbola& Hqpifj gy ~apikh$ xla ~bif s~pabh xlpkqjl xla dkzap ~bpx ke gy `khy epkg xla b`hkgaf& @asihas$ I bdsk eadx



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

hb}ah bfh ukgixah xk xla a|xafx xlbx I zbs qfb`da xk zbdc$ `qx qsqbddy zafx kee xk zkpc if b xb|i& Xla ~bif ciddap jiuaf `y xla lks~ixbd lbh aeeaox ekp kfdy xzk kp xlpaa lkqps sk hih xla sq~~ksixkpy&

_ifoa I xkkc xla gahioifa bexap I eadx ~bif$ ix obqsah ukgixifj bfh

sxkgbolbola& Xk sq~~pass xla sxkgbolbola$ I lbh xk xbca kxlap gahioifas& If xlis zby$ gy hijasxiua kpjbf lbh qdoap bfh `dah$ bfh I zbs bjbif lks~ixbdi}ah& Bdxlkqjl I zbs ekpìhhaf xk abx bfh kfdy padiah kf hpi~'eaahifj$ ix zbs b olbfoa ekp pasx& I sqeeapah b dkx epkg xla xpkq`da if gy hijasxiua kpjbf$ bfh haoihah fkx xk qsa ~bifciddaps bfy dkfjap& Ifsxabh$ I xkkc q~ s~kpxs dica sziggifj& Hygafkpplab zbs fkx padiauah bfh I lbh xk afhqpa xla gkfxldy ~bif& Bx xlbx xiga$ I obga bopkss Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy epkg xla gbxapibds I okddaoxah& Xla xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifas I qsah xk xbca ifodqhah bjadiob bfh lap`boakqs ~akfy ~kzhap$ obssib xzij bfh ~kpis okoks ~idd$ olbffad zbpgifj skq~$ axo& I sxk~~ah xbcifj skga ke xlag ekp xlay obqsah sapikqs hibpplab bfh kxlaps hih fkx xbca aeeaox auaf bexap I xkkc xlag ekp bdgksx kfa yabp& Xla gysxapy ke xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa is xkk ~pkekqfh xk qfhapsxbfh& Ix is fkx gahioifa `qx ie ix xbcas aeeaox$ ykq bpa uapy dqoc& _k I àjbf xk qsa Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap& I b~~diah Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap xk gy b`hkgaf$ zbisx$ `boc$ axo& Kf xlksa ~bpxs$ I faixlap eaad okdh kp lkx$ `qx okkd bfh jpbhqbddy zbpg& Zlaf xla ~bif bjjpbubxas$ I b~~dy < ~dbsxaps kfoa bfh kùikqsdy eaad xla ~bif gixijbxah& gixijbxah& _ifoa gy scif is uapy hadiobxa$ I eaad ixolifj kf xla ~bpx zlapa Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap lbs àaf b~~diah bfh ix bdsk xqpfs pah& _k za slkqdh à ~bpxioqdbpdy obpaeqd zlaf qsifj Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap if sqggap&

055



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Bdxlkqjl xlapa is fk paokph xlbx Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy is aeeaoxiua bjbifsx hygafkpplab$ I sxidd qsa ix bookphifj xk gy kzf mqhjgafx ekp I lbua eadx ixs aeeaox& Kf k~afifj xla ~bocax$ I sgadd b s~aoibd edbukp& Lkzauap$ Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap is fkx sgbdd& Ie ykq b~~dy kfa àekpa jkifj xk àh$ ykq obf lbua skqfh sdaa~ xidd xla fa|x gkpfifj& If xla ~bsx$ zlafauap I lbh gy ~apikh$ I zkqdh dia if àh àfx if ~bif&

Auaf ie I xbca

~bifciddaps$ xla ~bif zkca ga q~ bexap xla aeeaox ke xla gahioifa is jkfa& I okqdhf’x sdaa~ bx bdd& Xlbx is zly I eifh Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap sk gbpuadkqs" Bdxlkqjl xla aeeaox is sk sbxiseboxkpy xlbx xla ~bif hisb~~abps bexap qsifj ix& I sxidd lbuaf’x ekqfh bfy s~aoieio hpqj ekp hygafkpplab& If skga gkfxls$ qsifj Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap bfh Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy xkjaxlap hkas fkx cidd xla ~bif& @qx$ xla aeeaox is gqol àxxap xlbf àekpa ie I qsa ix bookphifj xk gy ~lysiobd sxbxa& Bfyzby$ padiauifj gy hijasxiua kpjbf ke xla `qphaf is xla àsx pasqdx xk ga& Ix is sk fioa xk eifh b gahioifa sqixb`da ekp ga& _kga gbxxaps ke fkxioa slkqdh à bxxafhah xk= qsa Xibf \ibf sq~~ksixkpy xlpaa xigas b hby bfh hkf’x b~~dy Xibf \ibf ~dbsxap xk kfa ~bpx kuap aijlx lkqps& Kfdy xlksa zlk lbua sqeeapah epkg obfoap obf eaad xla jpabx ~bif obqsah `y obfoap$ sk skga ~ak~da hk fkx xbca hygafkpplab sapikqsdy$ ekp gy ~bif bgkqfxs xk fkxlifj okg~bpah zixl xlbx ke obfoap ~bxiafxs& I lbua xla haa~asx eaadifj ke ~bif$ lkzauap& Ix is fkx kfdy b eaadifj `qx a|apxs jpabx ifedqafoa kf kfa’s gafxbd sxbxa$ ekp kfa lbs xk afhqpa xla ~bif bfh obffkx hk bfyxlifj& I lk~a xlbx bdd xla ~ak~da okqdh à padiauah ke xla ~bif bfh diua b padb|ah diea&



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Okfrqap A|opqoibxifj ^bif

Gp& Cicqolyk$ :>$ Paxipah$ Cbfbjbzb Okqfxy

If xla ifxafsa okg~axixikf ke gkhapf skoiaxy$ I obqjlx hqkhafbd obfoap bx xla bja ke 1<& Bexap paxipagafx$ I obqjlx lap~as }ksxap bx xla bja ke 5< bfh sqeeapah b dkx epkg ifxapoksxbds faqpbdjib& B epiafh ke gifa zlk qsah xk sqeeap epkg xla sbga syg~xkg sqjjasxah paoaiuifj xpabxgafx bx xla lks~ixbd iggahibxady& _ifoa xla okfhixikf ke gy ebgidy hih fkx bddkz ix$ I kexaf zkca q~ bx gihfijlx if jpabx ~bif& Hqpifj xlis xiga$ boq~qfoxqpa bfh gk|i`qsxikf xpabxgafx adigifbxah xla ~ig~da bfh pahfass kf xla scif `qx ifxapoksxbds faqpbdjib sxidd pagbifah& Bexapzbphs$ gy sxpafjxl haodifah$ I eadx zabc if gy `boc bfh eaax bfh okdh if gy dig`s& I xlkqjlx I zbs jkifj xk hia& Dbxap$ I xlkqjlx xlbx b —skqfh hijasxiua sysxag is xla `bsis ke labdxl‗ $ sk I àjbf xk sabpol bgkfj xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifas bubidb`da if Mb~bf ekp b sqixb`da gahioifa ekp gy hijasxiua sysxag& Ix lb~~afah xlbx I obga xk cfkz xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih bx Hkoxkp Zbfj ]lafjjqk’s daoxqpa& I àjbf xk hpifc ix iggahibxady bfh a|oixifj aeeaox zbs boliauah&

Gbpuadkqs Aeeaoxs Gbha Ga A|oixah Ix xbsxas skqp bfh szaax bs ie I lbh hpqfc ix àekpa$ bfh I lbua pabddy eadx ixs aeeaoxs kf gy hijasxiua kpjbfs& 05<

I ~iocah q~ xla okfeihafoa if gy labdxl bdxlkqjl I zbs



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

~lysiobddy zabcafah& Xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih fkx kfdy zkpcah kf gy gy hijasxiua sysxag$ zbpgah gy lbfhs bfh eaax$ `qx bdsk lbh bfxi'obfoap eqfoxikfs& If gy k~ifikf$ xpbhixikfbd Olifasa gahioifa lad~ah ga paokuap xla eqfoxikf ke gy ifxapfbd kpjbfs& I bg fkz if gy dbxa sauafxias& Okgìfifj zasxapf bfh Olifasa gahioifas saags bs ie xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih zbs àsxkzah `y Jkh& Lapa$ I’h dica xk a|~pass gy jpbxixqha bjbif&

Ipkf Haeioiafx ^bxiafx Afmky Ekkh Bjbif

Gp& Fklbpb$ ?9$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk

Ix zbs xzafxy yabps sifoa I zbs ekqfh xk à sqeeapifj epkg bfagib xlpkqjl b `dkkh xasx&

Xk à s~aoieio$ ix zbs ipkf'haeioiafoy ipkf'haeioiafo y bfagib&

àokga sapikqs sk xlbx I lbh xk paoaiua `dkkh xpbfseqsikf&

_kgaxigas$ xla hisabsa Qfekpxqfbxady$ I zbs

lks~ixbdi}ah kfa xiga àobqsa xla `dkkh xpbfseqsikf obqsah boqxa la~bxixis& Ix zbs b `dassifj xlbx I hih fkx eaad xla xy~iobd syg~xkgs ke bfagib sqol bs hb}a& Auaf zlaf I obqjlx la~bxixis$ I hih fkx dksa gy b~~axixa$ fkz lbh mbqfhioa& _kkf bexapzbphs$ gy diuap eqfoxikf paxqpfah xk fkpgbd& Gy zlixa `dkkh oadds$ pah `dkkh oadds$ bfh lagkjdkìf okqfx zapa gbifxbifah kf dkz dauads sk I àjbf xk xpy ubpikqs labdxl ekkhs& Bdxlkqjl I bxa pkqjl qfgiddah pioa$ gy `dkkh oipoqdbxikf zbs sxidd



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

fkx jkkh& Gy `khy okqdhf’x xbca if fqxpixikf bfh xlapa zbs fk sijf ke ig~pkuagafx& Gy zaijlx hih fkx ifopabsa bfh I pagbifah ~lysiobddy zabc dica àekpa& Ekqp kp eiua yabps bjk$ I pasqgah ykjb$ zliol I ~pauikqsdy sxk~~ah àobqsa I zbfxah xk zbix zlaf I jpaz sxpkfjap& Bx xlbx xiga$ I àjbf xk hpifc xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih I lbh labph ke& Xla disx ke ifjpahiafxs slkzah xlbx b `kxxda ke 2> gd fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih okfxbifs sqol fbxqpbd gahioifbd lap`s bs jifsafj$ Olifasa obxap~iddbp eqfjqs$ jdkssy jbfkhapgb$ axo&$ abol ke zliol lbs qfirqa eqfoxikf& @asihas$ sifoa ix bdsk okfxbifs lkfay$ ix xbsxas szaax bfh is absy xk hpifc& Auapy xiga I hpbfc xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih àekpa gabd$ I lbh b~~axixa& Fkpgbddy$ I okqdhf’x hpifc b dbpja bgkqfx ke zbxap bx kfa xiga `qx I okqdh hpifc xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih absidy xlpaa xigas b hby$ if xla gkpfifj$ fkkf bfh bx fijlx& Xla labdxl a|bgifbxikf xlpaa gkfxls dbxap slkzah xlbx gy pah `dkkh oadds$ zlixa `dkkh oadds$ lagkjdkìf$ bfh `dkkh oadd s~aoieio ukdqga zapa zixlif xla fkpgbd pbfja& Bdd gy epiafhs bfh padbxiuas zapa sqp~pisah bfh jdbh bx gy ifopabsifj zaijlx& Auapykfa lbs hieeapafx zbys ke caa~ifj labdxly& Bs ekp ga$ xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih bfh ykjb bpa gksx gksx sqixb`da& I’g sk lb~~y xk eifh xla sqixb`da zby xk caa~ labdxly& I’dd okfxifqa xlis zby&

0:>



^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

Fbxqpbd Fqxpixikqs Dirqih Okfrqaps Disxdassfass

Giss _bcbpb$ 09$ Ag~dkyaa$ Xkcyk

_kgaxiga xlis yabp$ I kexaf eadx hb}ah bfh zbs absidy xipah& Auaf gy labpxàbx rqiocafah&

_ifoa I zbs ~lysiobddy zabc epkg olidhlkkh bfh sqeeapah b dkx epkg

hygafkpplab& I hih fkx xbca xlis sapikqsdy& Xlasa syg~xkgs bjjpbubxah$ lkzauap$ sk I zafx xk xla K@'JYFA saoxikf&

Xla pasqdxs zapa ifubpib`dy —b`fkpgbd a|lbqsxikf$

bfagib‗$ zliol gbha ga ha~passah& I lbh fk olkioa `qx xk xbca gahioifas& Xlapa zbs fk sijf ke ig~pkuagafx bfh auaf gy safsa ke xbsxa àobga sxpbfja& Pkbsx gabx is gy ebukpixa `qx I okqdh fkx szbddkz auaf b sgbdd ~iaoa& Gy zaijlx àjbf xk hpk~& Zlaf I zbs s~afhifj auapy hby hb}ah$ I jkx xk cfkz Hkoxkp Zbfj ]lafjjqk$ zlk obga xk Mb~bf xk hadiuap b daoxqpa& Bx eipsx sijlx ke ga$ Hkoxkp Zbfj sbih$ —Ykqp ~lysiobd sxbxa is sk `bh& Ix gby à hqa xk xla zabcafifj eqfoxikf ke xlypkih jdbfh&‗

La ~kifxah xk xla ~pk`dag&

I

iggahibxady booa~xah Hkoxkp Zbfj’s sqjjasxikf xk xbca xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih& Kf xla eipsx hby$ I eadx afapjaxio bfh ix zbs sig~dy gbpuadkqs& @aekpa xlbx$ xla hkj ,eagbda 8> cj) xlbx àdkfjah xk gy ebgidy lbh b obfoap kf lap jifjiubd bfh ix jpaz ìjjap& Bexap bf k~apbxikf zbs ~apekpgah xk oqx ix kee$ xla hkoxkp sbih ix zidd sqpady bxxboc bjbif& Mqsx bs a|~aoxah$ xla xqgkp bx xlis ~bpx jpaz auaf ìjjap& Gy ebgidy hih fkx lbua xla labpx xk saa lap sqeeap sk gqol& I xlkqjlx xla gahioifa xlbx Jpaaf % Jkdh ,zzz&xibf|ibf&okg) 0:2


^pke& Zbfj ]laf'Jqk

zkpcs kf ~ak~da gqsx lbua xla sbga aeeaox kf bfigbds& _k I ~dboah bf kphap ekp Xibf \ibf dirqih bfh dax lap hpifc aijlx `kxxdas ke ix ~ap hby& I ~kqpah Xibf \ibf dirqih kf b odabf pbj bfh b~~diah ix xk xla beeaoxah ~bpx& _aaifj lap sk episcy hbys bexap$ I eadx adbxah bx xla fbxqpbd ifsxifoxs ke bfigbds ekp sqpuiubd& Bs b pasqdx$ xla xqgkp jpaz sgbddap bfh hisb~~abpah okg~daxady bexap ekqp gkfxls& Bexap xlis a|~apiafoa$ I àjbf xk hpifc xzk `kxxdas ke xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih ~ap hby& Xzk zaacs dbxap$ sifoa xlapa zbsf’x gqol olbfja xk gy `khy$ I xlkqjlx ke jiuifj ix q~& Auafxqbddy I zafx kf& Gy b~~axixa àjbf xk paokuap epkg xla xliph zaac kfzbph bfh gy gafxbd bfh ~lysiobd sxbxas paxqpfah xk fkpgbd jpbhqbddy& Eifbddy$ xla hb}a xlbx lbh xpkq`dah ga hisb~~abpah& Kfdy xla ~apskf okfoapfah okqdh eaad xlasa a|~apiafoas& I hkf’x lbua xk xbca bfy kxlap gahioifas bfy gkpa& Bs b `kfqs$ auaf gy pkqjl scif jpbhqbddy xqpfah sgkkxl bfh skex& Ix is xlpaa gkfxls gkfxls sifoa I àjbf xk hpifc xla fbxqpbd fqxpixikqs dirqih& Gy zaijlx lbs paokuapah bfh I obf afmky xla hadioikqs pkbsx gabx bjbif& _ifoa I lbuaf’x xbsxah ix ekp dkfj$ I abx b dkx& Fkz$ I bg eboah zixl bfkxlap ~pk`dag ‟ kuapzaijlx&

0:0


The Cancer Terminator : Live Stories of 100 Cancer Sufferers

Recommend Documents