Grammar
La gramática juega un papel importante, pero no esencial en el aprendizaje de una lengua. El conocimiento de las reglas no lleva automáticamente a aplicarlas bien a la hora de hablar o escribir; por tanto, no debes obsesionarte con la gramática. Es más importante ser capaz de participar en una conversación, leer un libro o escribir un correo que saber todas las reglas de la lengua. Conviene buscar un equilibrio. El conocimiento de las reglas gramaticales te ayudará a entender ciertas estructuras complejas o simplemente distintas a las españolas; también te permitirá corregir tus propias producciones, probablemente a posteriori , y te dará una cierta sensación de confianza; pero recuerda que se pueden saber todas las reglas de una lengua y ser incapaz de expresarse en la misma, así como también es posible expresarse con toda fluidez y corrección sin conocer las reglas. Así pues, conviene que estudies los recuadros de explicaciones gramaticales, que comprendas bien los ejemplos y que hagas los ejercicios correspondientes. Speaking
Hay dos clases de actividades de speaking : de producción y de interacción. Las actividades de producción las puedes hacer solo. Sin embargo, para las actividades de interacción necesitas a alguien con quien interactuar. Si conoces a alguien que también esté estudiando inglés, sería muy útil que pudieras hacer estas actividades con esta persona. Siempre tienes, por supuesto, la sesión de tutoría donde podrás realizar estas actividades con tus compañeros de clase. Un consejo: no seas tímido. Lánzate a hablar. No te preocupes por los errores que puedas cometer. No hay nada más que una forma de aprender a hablar y es... hablando. Writing
Para muchos de los ejercicios de expresión escrita de estas páginas no hay una solución correcta única. Esto no debe preocuparte. No es necesario que todo lo que escribas sea absolutamente correcto. Escribe sin miedo, echa mano de tus fuentes de consulta: diccionarios, gramáticas, amigos, internet; de nuevo, no tengas miedo de cometer errores, y piensa que es a base de práctica como se aprende a escribir. En este nivel intermedio está presente una nueva sección dentro de la parte de Language Study . En las unidades 3, 6 y 9 del libro verás que se dedica una columna entera a practicar la destreza de escritura con diferentes actividades. Está pensada para ayudarte a comprender mejor el proceso de escritura y para familiarizarte con los distintos tipos de textos que puedes necesitar escribir.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Segundo programa de vídeo (5ª página) La sesión B del libro, que se corresponde con el segundo programa de vídeo, tiene por objeto ampliar la lengua presentada en la sesión anterior de forma menos controlada y más natural. El segundo programa está compuesto por diversos elementos que abordan el tema general introducido en la sesión anterior, desde muy distintos puntos de vista: Documentary : donde podrás ver un documental sobre algún aspecto relacionado con el tema de la unidad. Same language, different lives : en esta sección tendrás oportunidad de ver a varias personas de diferentes países de habla inglesa respondiendo a preguntas relacionadas con el tema de la unidad. De esta manera, además de oír diferentes formas de hablar inglés, podrás aprender cómo es la vida en estos países y contrastarla con la tuya. That’s Britain: es una sección con la que podrás disfrutar de un viaje cultural por diferentes zonas del Reino Unido. En este módulo visitaremos Escocia y el norte de Inglaterra. En cada episodio nuestro presentador, Nigel, visita alguna ciudad o lugar de interés turístico y conversará con las personas que vaya encontrando. Esta sección te ayudará a mejorar tu comprensión auditiva y a conocer de cerca interesantes aspectos de la cultura británica. Pues bien, antes de ver el segundo programa, es muy conveniente que leas todas las actividades que debes hacer porque te resultará motivador y te ayudará a comprender lo que vas a ver. Realiza las actividades de la sección Before you watch antes de ver el programa de TV: muchas de ellas están encaminadas a familiarizarte con el lenguaje que se va a usar y, en ocasiones, a predecirlo. Realiza las actividades de la sección After you watch después de ver el programa. Éstas tienen por misión medir tu comprensión de los diversos elementos. Un consejo que deberías tener muy en cuenta: no te preocupes si no entiendes todas y cada una de las palabras que oigas o leas. Lo importante es entender lo esencial de cada uno de sus elementos.
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Consolidation (8ª y 9ª páginas) En esta parte del libro se repasan y amplían los contenidos de las sesiones A y B. Cada una de las actividades integra varias destrezas, bien sea la comprensión auditiva con la expresión escrita u oral, o la comprensión lectora con la expresión escrita u oral, etc. Algunas de estas actividades pueden ser más abiertas y menos controladas que las de las sesiones A y B. No debes preocuparte si no sabes si has resuelto bien la actividad o no. El mismo hecho de realizarla te ha servido para mucho. Como muchas otras cosas de la vida, una lengua se aprende practicán dola y cometiendo errores. La corrección de los errores puede ser importante, pero mucho más importante es el uso y la práctica de la lengua con o sin errores. No obstante, la tutoría presencial puede ser un buen momento para preguntar tus dudas y practicar las actividades orales de esta sección con tus compañeros.
Reference Section En este nivel intermedio se ha añadido una sección completa al final del libro que se llama Reference Section . En ella encontrarás detalladas explicaciones gramaticales que amplían la información proporcionada por las help boxes en cada unidad.También encontrarás el vocabulario principal trabajado en la unidad, con su correspondiente transcripción fonética en el apartado de Wordlist , así como las secciones que aparecían en los otros módulos, List of Irregular Verbs y Phonetic Symbols. Todos estos elementos están pensados para proporcionarte la ayuda necesaria con las estructuras y el vocabulario de cada unidad. Por último, un consejo muy importante para que puedas tener éxito con el curso That’s English! : asiste a las sesiones de tutoría con regularidad. Son fundamentales para el desarrollo de la expresión oral.
Self Test (10ª página) Esta última página de cada unidad te da la oportunidad de que te autoevalúes y te ayuda a preparar el examen de fin de módulo. Cada página constará de una actividad de comprensión auditiva o lectora, así como de una actividad de expresión oral o escrita y de algún ejercicio sobre el uso de la lengua. No debes realizar estos ejercicios hasta después de haber completado las otras tres partes de la unidad y después de haber visto los programas A y B de vídeo. Si te resultan muy difíciles, vuelve a hacer las partes relevantes de la unidad, vuelve a ver los programas de televisión, repasa, si es necesario, toda la unidad y, sobre todo, no te desesperes.
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
1
Lifelong learning S E V I T C E J B O
· To request information about studies and courses · To speculate about the importance of educational choice
A Never too old to learn 4 Laura’s mother is nearly 60 years old. 5 On the interior design course Lindsay would learn about colour combinations, light and furniture. 6 The course costs £350 for 10 weeks.
BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
Answer the questions. 1 Do you know anyone who has decided to study when they were older? 2 What are they studying? 3 Are they enjoying it?
2
5
1 Lindsay tells Duncan that their son Liam is falling behind / doing well at school. 2 Lindsay / Duncan wants some help doing the accounts. 3 Duncan wants Lindsay to study a course in accounting / business . 4 Laura thinks that it is very important that Lindsay enjoys her life / work . 5 In the end Duncan thinks that Lindsay should / shouldn’t do the course she wants to do.
Look at some reasons why people don’t study when they are young. Number them (1-4) in order of importance to you. lack of economic resources family commitments lack of time lack of motivation
WHILE YOU WATCH 3
6
Listen to the speakers and tick (3) the subjects they would study if they could continue learning. 1 Maths 2 Italian
Answer the questions.
7
1 Why didn’t Lindsay go to college when she was younger?
3 Physics 4 Chinese
7 Art 8 History
2
3
4
5
a thinks that English people don’t often speak another language b studied geography and business at university c thinks that music might be too difficult d would like to get a certification in music e would like to do a language course
AFTER YOU WATCH Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
NOW YOU!
1 Lindsay always feels great when she goes for a coffee. 2 Natasha is going to apply for a course in web design. 3 Laura’s mother has just finished doing a university degree.
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
5 Music 6 Law
Answer the questions. Which speaker…? 1
2 What will Lindsay be able to do if she studies hard enough?
4
Choose the correct option.
If you could go back to college what would you study? Explain your choice. If I could go back to college, I would like to study Chinese. It will be the language of the future.
9
Lifelong learning
READING 1
Answer the question. Think of an advantage and a disadvantage of distance learning.
2
Read the text. Tick (3) the best description of the Open University.
1
1 It is the best university in the UK. 2 It is ideal if you can’t study full-time. 3 It can be very expensive.
‘If it hadn’t been for the Open University, I would never have ended up studying for a degree.’ Liz Jenkins talks about her experience at the Open University, a UK institution that provides higher education to adults through distance learning. ‘I’d been doing the same job for ten years and I can’t say that I was very happy at work. In all that time, I’d never been given any real training or got a promotion. The reason was pretty obvious: I didn’t have a degree! Unlike my friends, I didn’t go into tertiary education after leaving school. Most of them got jobs as graduate trainees and they were given excellent in-service training where they worked. In contrast, I got married and had children soon after leaving school. One day I finally decided that my situation at work wasn’t good enough and that I wasn’t making any progress in my career. If I
3
Complete the paragraph with the highlighted expressions in the text. You can use two expressions for the same gap. The best (1) ... I can give you is this: when you leave school you should immediately go into (2) ... . When you finish your degree, you’ll be
10
able to get a job as a (3) ... if you want. If you don’t do this, you’ll probably end up in my situation. I worked in a company for over 20 years but didn’t get any useful (4) ... . My whole (5) ... suffered as a result.
Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Liz Jenkins was doing very well at work. 2 Her friends were more successful professionally than her. 3 She went to the careers advice service to ask about opportunities for studying. 4 The government provided all the financial support she needed. 5 It took her so long to finish her degree that she thinks it was a bad idea. 6 She recommends the Open University.
4
wanted to improve my situation, I would need to get better qualifications! I went to my local careers advice office to ask about adult education. It was there that I first heard about the Open University. I couldn’t afford to give up my job to attend lectures. If I’d had to stop working, I wouldn’t have been able to pay the bills. However, this wasn’t a problem with the Open University because it’s based on online learning. What’s more, if you don’t have much free time, you can take a bit longer to do your degree. It was really perfect for me! I also managed to get some financial help: I applied for a student loan to pay my tuition fees and I also got a grant from the government. This made everything far easier. It took me six years in all to complete my degree, studying in the evenings and at the weekend. It was extremely hard work, but I have absolutely no regrets. If I had to take the decision again, I’d do exactly the same thing. My advice to people in a similar situation is: if you’re a working mum and you want to improve your career prospects and employability, you’ll be amazed at what the Open University has to offer. It has certainly made a huge difference to my life. I’m even thinking about doing some postgraduate studies in the future, perhaps an MBA*!’
5
Choose the correct option. Use the reading text to help you. The Open University (1) provides / teaches higher education to adult learners who want to study (2) for / in a degree. People who are at the Open University often want to (3) get / receive better qualifications to (4) improve / obtain their career (5) prospects / possibilities or (6) get / have a promotion. One of the advantages of the Open University is that you don’t have to (7) assist at / attend lectures every day. Although it’s cheaper than other tertiary education options, it’s not free as you have to pay (8) matriculation / tuition fees . If you’re lucky you may (9) take / get a grant. If not, you might have to apply for a (10) borrow / loan .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
1
UNIT
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 2
1 keyboard 2 bus stop 2
5 If I … (listen) to my careers advisor last year, I … (make) a better decision. 6 If tuition fees … (not be) so high now, I … (consider) going to university.
Compound nouns usually have the main stress on the first word when they consist of a noun + another noun . Listen and repeat. 3 airport 4 distance learning
5
Underline the syllables with the main stress. Then listen and repeat.
1 If you want to go to university, … 2 If online learning didn’t exist, … 3 If I had the opportunity to do postgraduate studies, … 4 If I hadn’t decided to do That’s English! , ... 5 If I had an MBA, … 6 It’s easier to learn if …
3
1 classroom 2 careers advice 3 student loans 4 homework 5 evening school 3
Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your answers with your partner’s.
6 parents’ evening 7 bookshop 8 tuition fees 9 staff room
Complete the text with the words from the box. If you want to go to university, you’ll have to pass some exams first and you might need to find a part-time job.
graduates higher education student loans distance learning tuition fees (1) … used to be free in the UK for students who successfully completed secondary school. However, things are very different now. (2) … are getting more and more expensive, and (3) … are an unpleasant necessity for most people who want to become (4) … . However, thanks to the Internet, (5) … is now a viable alternative for many people, and it’s much cheaper.
6 4
Listen to an interview with Rosie Sturton, a graduate trainee. Put the points in the order you hear them.
Conditional sentences -
Zero conditional :
If you don’t have much free time , you can take a bit longer to complete your degree. -
First conditional :
If you want to improve your career prospects, you’ll be amazed at what the Open University can o er. -
a how she studies b in-service training
Second conditional :
If I took the decision again, I ’d definitely do exactly the same thing. -
Third conditional :
If it hadn’t been for the Open University , I would never have ended up studying for a degree . see page 114
4
Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form. 1 I … (do) better at school if I … (work) harder last year. 2 If adult education … (not exist), many people … (not get) a second opportunity. 3 If I … (be) more self-disciplined, I … (do) a distance learning course in the future. 4 It … (be) very hard to get a decent job if you … (not have) the right qualifications.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
c exams d the other trainees
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 7
Listen again. Choose the correct option.
4
1 The other people at work are all very … . a nice b competent c intense 2 The training is … . a monotonous b varied
c full of surprises
3 The exams are … . a important b unusual
c difficult
4 Rosie studies … . a at the weekend b in the morning
c in the evening
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Lifelong learning 8
3 I think I could almost / slightly pass the First Certificate exam right now. 4 A degree in engineering may give you far / nearly better career prospects than one in sociology. 5 Distance learning is extremely / absolutely the best way to study. 6 I like learning English a lot / much .
Rewrite the underlined words using the word in brackets and a verb from the box in the correct form.
apply for provide attend pay study for improve get (x3) 1 When is the last time that you studied in a large class? (lectures) When is the last time that you attended lectures? 2 Where can you work to get a university diploma in your province? (a degree) 3 Is it easy to receive money from the government if you want to go to university in Spain? Why? / Why not? (a grant) 4 If you wanted to do some exams to be better prepared for work, what would you do? (better qualifications) 5 Why do the best people in a company not always progress? (a promotion) 6 What is the best way to make your job options better in Spain? (your career prospects) 7 Which institutions in Spain offer university studies through distance learning? (higher education) 8 What do banks often ask people when they ask to borrow money? (loan) 9 Do you think the government should finance the costs of classes for adult students? (tuition fees) 9
11
Do you think you’d be a rather good teacher?
12
I don’t think I’ve ever attended lectures!
No way! I’m too impatient!
Read the formal email requesting information. Choose the correct phrases.
(1) Dear / Hello Mr Taylor, (2) I want to know about / I am writing to enquire about the distance learning programmes that your institution offers. In particular, (3) I would be grateful if you could tell me / I need to know if it is possible to study anthropology. (4) Also, please tell me / I would also appreciate it if you could tell me the fees for the different types of course. (5) I look forward to hearing from you. / Please reply quickly . (6) All the best / Yours sincerely , Ruth White
Ask and answer the questions in pairs.
When was the last time that you attended lectures?
Discuss with a partner if you agree or disagree with the sentences.
13
Imagine you have seen the following advertisement and you are interested. Write a formal email requesting more information. Use the expressions from activity 12.
Modifying adverbs Utilizamos adverbios de grado delante de adjetivos y adverbios, y en una variedad de posiciones con verbos, para referirnos a su grado de intensidad. I know very well that... I rather / quite like... Things are rather / a lot more complex. The reason was pretty / rather obvious. It was almost / nearly perfect for me. You take a bit longer to complete your degree. It was extremely / really hard work. This made everything far / much / slightly / easier. Fíjate: enough se coloca detrás del adjetivo o adverbio. It was hard enough to go to work. see page 115 10
Choose the correct option. 1 I think I would be a rather / completely good teacher. 2 I don’t speak English very / enough fluently.
12
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
1
B What course shall I do? 6 Crystal went to college to study h… . 7 To continue studying, you need time, discipline and m… .
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary 1
Read the information below. Is this the same in your country?
That’s Britain! 4
1 Name two famous golfers who have played at St Andrews. 2 What is the most important quality you probably need to be a golfer? 3 Does Laurie think that Nigel is too old to learn to play golf? 4 What is Dean’s Court? 5 What is Claire studying? 6 Are there any mature students at St Andrews University?
That’s Britain! 2
Answer the questions about St Andrews.
Answer the questions. 1 Where is the oldest golf course in the world? a St Andrews, Scotland b Royal St George’s, England
Same language, different lives 5
2 Which university did Prince William and Kate Middleton study at? a Cambridge b St Andrews
Listen to the speakers talking about the opportunities to continue learning in their country. Match the speaker (1-5) to the type of learning (a-e).
1 Scotland
2 New Zealand
4 India
3 Canada
5 England
a the Open University b e-learning and evening classes c evening classes in colleges d night classes e adult education
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary 3
Complete the sentences. 1 Rob Reynolds says that adult learning has become p... for a number of reasons. 2 One of the advantages of the adult education system is that there are no formal e... requirements. 3 Many people choose d... learning courses. 4 Foreign l… courses are very popular. 5 Alex wants to be a computer p… .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …
NOW YOU! 6
Do you have any historical universities in your country? Have you ever visited one? Spain has many historical universities and I have visited a few of them. Last summer I went on a trip to Salamanca and we spent hours walking around the university buildings. One of the buildings is famous because you can see a frog...
13
Lifelong learning
READING 1
If you could do a part-time course, what would it be? Why? 1 photography
2
2 wine-tasting
3 dancing
4 art history
5 cookery
6 something else
Read the text and answer the questions. 1 Why does Janice go to her local adult education centre? 2 What does she decide to do in the end?
Finding the right course Janice Brown is at her local institute of adult education. She’s interested in doing a part-time course but she’s not sure exactly what to do. Receptionist: a … .
Janice: I hope so! I’d like some information about courses. I really don’t know where to start!
b … .
Receptionist: Yes, of course! Have you seen our prospectus, ‘Lifelong learning for all’?’ It’s got information about all our courses. Here, take a copy.
Janice: Thanks. It’s very big! The problem is, I’m not sure what I want to do.
Receptionist: Well, c … . I mean, do you want to do something vocational?
Janice: You mean something work-related?
Receptionist: Yes, that’s right!
Janice: To be honest, I’m not really looking to improve my career prospects. But I would like to do something interesting..., but I don’t want to study full-time.
Receptionist: Well, let’s have a look at the contents page so you can see what kind of things we offer.
Janice: Languages: English, Spanish, Italian… no, I don’t think so. Foreign languages really aren’t my strong point. Literature… no, I don’t really read a lot. Ballroom dancing… that sounds interesting. d … .
Receptionist: Well, it helps you develop your dancing skills.
Janice: Hmm... I’m not bad at dancing, but it’s been a long time.
Receptionist: Oh, don’t worry about that! The course caters for students of all abilities. The teachers are really good and they’ll give you plenty of support and encouragement. They start with salsa. You’ll learn the basics first and then go on to more difficult styles like tango.
Janice: That sounds great. I’d like to enrol. e … .
Receptionist: Sure, you just have to fill in this form and…
3 5
4
Place each question in the right gap in the text. 1 Could you give me a hand? 2 Could you tell me how to sign up? 3 Can I help you? 4 Could you tell me what you’re looking for? 5 What does the course consist of? Put the events in the correct order. 1 The receptionist gives Janice detailed information about one course. 2 Janice eliminates some options. 3 The receptionist gives Janice a booklet with information. 4 Janice decides what to do. 5 The receptionist tells Janice how to register for the course. 6 Janice goes to her local adult education centre. 7 Janice says that she doesn’t want to do anything connected with work. 8 Janice asks for help.
14
5
Replace the underlined words with a word or expression from the box.
prospectus encouragement enrol basics part-time skills vocational foreign catered full-time I went to my local adult education centre to (1) register for a (2) work-related training course to improve my career prospects. I was looking for something (3) where I studied only some of the time because I haven’t got time to study (4) all the time. However, when I looked at (5) the booklet with information about courses, they only had courses that (6) were for people who want to learn a hobby! For example, you can learn the (7) fundamental principles of photography, and there are lots of opportunities for studying (8) other languages – Spanish, Italian, etc. But I don’t need to develop my language (9) abilities! I imagine that the teachers are great and give you lots of support and (10) positive stimulation, but the centre doesn’t provide what I’m looking for.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
1
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
Listen to the sentences using can and could . Then choose the correct option below.
Asking questions with prepositions at the end
6
1 We can only hope that you’re on time tomorrow. 2 You could take a taxi if you needed to. 3 He couldn’t help me, but I can’t complain: at least he tried. 4 A: Can you help me? B: Of course I can. 5 A: Could you understand what the teacher was saying? B: Yes, I could. 6 A: Can you speak a foreign language? B: No, I can’t.
- En wh- questions y en las preguntas indirectas las preposiciones no pueden ir delante de la partícula interrogativa. Se colocan al final. What does the course consist of ? Which floor is the library on? - En las preguntas indirectas el sujeto va delante del verbo y no se utiliza auxiliar. Could you tell me what you’re looking for ? see page 116 4
1 Peter comes from York. Where does Peter come from? 2 I’m thinking about someone. Who are ... ? 3 The dancing class is in room 5. Which room is ... ? 4 Danny’s talking to his careers advisor. Who is ... ? 5 The exam will be based on chapter 5. Which chapter will ... ? 6 I want to listen to this programme. Which ... ?
a Can and could are stressed only in affirmative / negative sentences b In the affirmative, can is pronounced / / / / ae /. c The only form which has a long vowel is can / can’t / could / couldn’t. d In short answers, can, can’t, could and couldn’t are / are not stressed. 2 7
Listen to another set of sentences and tick ( 3) the ones where can / could are stressed. 1…
2…
3…
4…
5…
6…
7…
8…
5
- Ofrecer información
Can I help you? / How (exactly) can I help? What (exactly) would you like (to know)? If you need more detailed information, please… - Solicitar información Excuse me, I’d like to know … Can / Could you tell me… I’d like some information about… - Pedir ayuda Excuse me, I need some help. Can / Could you give me a hand? Can / Could you help me please? Please help me.
6
Listen and decide what the speakers are talking about. Match 1-5 to a-e.
8
a life at university b distance learning c the courses on offer d deciding on a practical course e school project
see page 115
1…
Complete the dialogue with the words from the language box. 7
Student: (1) … me, (2) … help me please? Help desk: Yes, of course. What (3) … would you like (4) … ? Student: Could you (5) … when term starts? Help desk: Most classes start on the 15th September. (6) … more detailed information, please look on the website.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Rewrite the questions beginning: Could you tell me … ? 1 How much does the course cost? Could you tell me how much the course costs? 2 Where are you studying? 3 How often does Diana go to class? 4 What kind of courses did they offer? 5 Which course are you interested in? 6 What did you do your project about?
O ering and requesting information
3
Write questions for the underlined words.
2…
3…
4…
5…
Role play the situations with a partner. 1 You want to know what the course programme consists of. Ask your teacher. 2 You don’t know where the language school is. Ask someone on the street. Excuse me, could you tell me where the language school is?
15
Lifelong learning
CONSOLIDATION 1
In your opinion, what does ‘lifelong learning’ mean? 1 Learning when you are an adult. 2 Learning throughout our lives. 3 Having a longer life because you are always learning.
2
Read the text. Match the headings (1-8) to the paragraphs (a-h). 1 How the programme is structured 2 The benefits of an Erasmus year 3 Youngsters love the programme, too! 4 The aims of the Lifelong Learning Programme
5 Great work experience 6 People who can take part 7 The Lifelong Learning Programme 8 Professional development on The Grundtvig Programme
a ... The Lifelong Learning programme is an initiative which organises a
very wide range of education and training activities throughout the EU. b ... If you are involved in education in any capacity (as a student, teacher,
educational administrator, etc.), you can participate. c ... The programme provides the opportunity to study, train or work in
another EU country. It also organises events where you can exchange ideas with colleagues working in other parts of the EU. If you want to learn more and/or improve your career prospects, this is a great opportunity! d ... The programme is divided into four parts, depending on the level
of education. The Comenius Programme caters for people involved in primary and secondary education, including pupils. If you’re a student or teacher in tertiary education, you can take part in The Erasmus Programme, which gives the opportunity to study or work in universities across the EU. The Leonardo da Vinci Programme, on the other hand, finances projects in the field of vocational education and training, while The Grundtvig Programme is for learners in adult education and the organisations that provide it. e ... Adrián Gómez (26 years old, from Spain) ‘If I hadn’t spent a year abroad, I probably wouldn’t have got my present
job. What’s more, I think I have become a far more open person as a result of the whole experience. If you have the opportunity, you really won’t regret spending a year abroad while you’re doing your degree.’ f ... Mary Hogan (32 years old, from Ireland): ‘I teach computer skills to adults over 50. I got a grant to attend a
conference to learn about the different techniques being used in other European countries. It was a very positive experience, both personally and professionally.’ g ... Jurgen Reiter (28 years old, from Germany): ‘I went to work in a local radio station in Wales for three months.
It was a fantastic way to improve my English and develop my skills as a reporter. I’d be very happy if I could go back there again next year!’ h ... Alfredo Bonetti (13 years old, from Italy): ‘Our class did a maths project with pupils in Poland, Spain and England.
It was really great to exchange ideas with all the others over the Internet!’
3
Choose the correct option. 1 Who can take part in the programme? a Only students b Only teachers c Anyone who has a connection with education 2 What can’t you do on the programme? a Go to school in another country b Attend a conference in New York c Do something that is work-related 3 Which programme could a 50 year-old possibly take part in? a Only Leonardo da Vinci and Grundtvig b Leonardo da Vinci, Grundtvig and Erasmus c All the programmes
16
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
4 9
Listen to someone phoning to get information about a course. Put the questions and sentences in the order you hear them.
7
Act out the following situations with a partner. Use the language in bold in activity 6 and your own ideas. 1 You want to buy the book How to Study from a bookshop. You phone them.
1 Could you please wait a minute and I’ll ask? 2 I’m phoning about the EU’s Lifelong Learning Programme. 3 Could you tell me where exactly you are doing your training? 4 Hello, how can I help you? 5 You just have to fill in a form on our website. 5
2 You don’t agree with your mark in your English exam. You speak to your teacher. 3 You see an ad that says ‘Exciting opportunities for good-looking men.’ You ring up to ask for more information.
Listen again. Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
Good morning.
9
How can I help you?
1 He is studying for a degree at the moment. 2 He’s training somewhere that doesn’t take part in the programme. 3 The programme prefers to work with individuals. 4 He needs to go online to apply for a place. 5 He needs to apply for The Grundtvig Programme. 6
1
I’d like to know if you have the book How to Study. Actually , we do. We’ve got a few copies.
Match the pictures (1-4) to the dialogues (a-d). 1
2 8
You are interested in the course below. Write an email requesting the following:
The Rapid Reading Course 3
4
You can read faster! Results guaranteed!
a A: Excuse me, do you work here? B: Yes, I do. How can I help you? A:Could you tell me where the Dalí exhibition is, please? b A:Excuse me, can you give me a hand with this suitcase? It’s really heavy. And I don’t want to miss the train! c A: Logica Communications. Can I help you? B: I’d like to know why my Internet connection isn’t working. A: Have you switched off your router and then switched it on again? B: Yes, several times! A: OK. If you need more detailed information, please consult our website. Goodbye! B: Hello? Hello? d A: Dan, I need some help! This quiz is impossible! B: What exactly is the problem?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
For more information, email us at
[email protected]
if it is a distance learning course how much faster you will be able to read when the course starts how long it lasts how much it costs where it takes place
Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to enquire about your Rapid Reading Course because I’d like to improve…
17
SELF TEST 1
Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
UNIT 6
A family conversation ‘If I (1) … (go) to university, my life (2) … (be) quite different,’ said my mother. ‘Why’s that?’ I asked. ‘Well, if you (3) … (have) a degree, you (4) … (get) a lot more opportunities in life,’ she replied. ‘But if you (5) … (go) to university, you (6) … (never / meet) dad,’ I said. ‘And I (7) … (not be) here now!’ ‘Yes, that’s true,’ she said. ‘Even so, if you (8) … (be) in my position, you (9) … (understand) what I’m saying,’ she insisted. ‘Perhaps I will be in your position,’ I replied. ‘If my results (10) … (not get) better, I (11) … (not be) at university next year!’ 2
3
Correct the underlined words. I didn’t get a very good impression of higher (1) studies when I was at university because it was all theory and no practice. What’s more, I didn’t get any practical careers (2) opinion on my course. However, things were much better when I became a graduate (3) trainer because I got lots of (4) serviced training at the company which was really useful. One thing is for sure: you never stop learning! I’m doing a (5) distant learning course now, and I’m over 50!
18
7
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 I am look forward to hearing from you. 2 I am writing for to enquire about your courses. 3 I would be grateful that if you could tell me if the course is free. 4 I would appreciate it if you could tell me when do the courses start.
8 10
Listen to the conversation. Who is speaking? 1 a teacher and a student 2 two students 3 two teachers
Complete the dialogues. 1 A: Can you give me a ... ? B: How … can I … you? 2 A: … me, I’d like ... if there are any special exhibitions at the museum. B: There’s a Picasso exhibition starting on Monday. ... you need more … information, please look on our website. 3 A: ... you please … me more about the exam next week? B: What exactly ... you like to know?
5
1 Why do you want to study … a … ? 2 Maria’s got very good … . 3 How often do you … lectures? 4 My parents don’t earn much money, so I got a…. 5 You’ll have great … prospects if you do a degree in medicine. 6 In general, primary schools in the UK … an excellent education.
Put the words in the correct order. 1 thinking / you / about / are / what? 2 they / to / who / talking / are? 3 been / for / looking / they / who / have? 4 me / the / where / you / is / could / library / tell? 5 you / me / who / to / you / can / writing / tell / are?
4
Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are three extra words.
attend career degree for grant provide professional qualifications teach work
Choose the correct option. 1 He’s a very / an absolutely good lecturer. 2 I really / a bit think that distance learning is an excellent idea. 3 I don’t think you’re rather disciplined / disciplined enough to do a degree. 4 If you don’t read the instructions extremely / exactly carefully, you’ll make a mistake. 5 I like studying at home very / a lot .
1
9
Listen again. Underline the four mistakes in the summary.
10
Carl can’t understand Fiona’s notes, so Fiona offers to help him. They’ve got a biology exam next week, but Carl didn’t know because he’s been ill. He isn’t happy with Fiona. In the end, Carl decides to copy in the exam.
10
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. 1 If I did a speed reading course, ... 2 If you spend a year in Finland, ... 3 If I applied for a place on The Leonardo da Vinci programme, ... 4 If schools taught more practical subjects, ... 5 If you never go to your local adult education centre, ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
2
Banks S E V I T C E J B O
· To express opinion on financial matters · To understand language for banking
A Money problems BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
4
1 What will Eddie do if the bank manager doesn’t give him the loan? 2 For how long was Eddie’s account overdrawn? 3 Where is Geraldine when Eddie comes out of the bank? 4 Why doesn’t he get the loan? 5 How much is Geraldine going to lend Eddie? 6 How much interest is she going to charge him?
Tick (3) the things which are true in your country.
1 Small businesses can borrow money easily from banks. 2 Cash machines are usually in good working order. 3 It’s difficult to get a credit card from a bank. 4 Banks charge customers if they are in the red.
Answer the questions.
5
Listen to the speakers talking about their bank accounts. Put the answers in the order they talk about them. 1
2
3
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
4
Answer the questions.
1 Why did Bill have an argument with his bank manager?
5
a This person has a personal account and a business account. b This person has a bank account in Hong Kong because his parents live there. c This person has an account in a Spanish bank. d This person has had an account for over 40 years. e This person has only one bank account.
2 How much profit did Eddie’s business make last year?
1 …
AFTER YOU WATCH
2 …
3 …
4 …
5 …
NOW YOU! 3
Complete the sentences. 1 At the beginning of the video, Eddie is looking at some bank s… . 2 Bill tried to w… some cash this morning. 3 Bill’s card was e… by the cash machine. 4 Eddie’s office furniture business has c…-… problems. 5 Eddie needs to borrow about ten t… pounds. 6 The Business Advisor tells Eddie he will probably have the money in his a… by tomorrow morning.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
6
What is your opinion of your bank? Are their charges and interest rates high or low? Will they lend you money? Would you ever change bank? I’m quite happy with my bank. They only charge me once a year for managing the account and it’s a small amount. They gave me a loan a few months ago at a low interest rate. My bank manager is quite friendly and helpful. I’m not going to change banks!
19
Banks
READING 1
How many of these things (1-4) do you have? Match them with the sentences (a-d). 1 a current account 2 a credit card 3 a savings account 4 a cashpoint card / a debit card
2 11
a I try to put a little money here every month for the future. b My salary goes in here and my bills go out! c If I need money at the weekend, I can use this at any time. d I try not to use this too much because I have to pay the money back later.
Read the text. Match the sentences (1-5) to the people (a-c). There are two sentences you don’t need. 1 2 3 4 5
This person thinks that if we complain, the banks will change their practices. This person tells us we should ask the bank to send us more information. This person advises us to check carefully what banks do with our money. This person feels that banks work better in the USA. This person says we should take more advantage of the services banks offer.
Banks: Are we watching them?
b GRipes – Windsor 20 minutes ago
Very few people can function without using banks. We rely on them to look after our money and to make business transactions easy. However, do we check on these allpowerful institutions enough? Do you know how much it really costs to use your bank? What services could you benefit from? Send our readers your tips.
That’s a good point SCutter! It’s quite obvious to me that the bankers are not doing what they should do to help us, especially when there is an economic crisis. I’m quite sure that if we put more pressure on them, things will change, so I suggest sending emails to protest. The banks invest our money to make a profit, but they also charge us for using their services. Every time I transfer money to another account or withdraw cash from a cashpoint, my bank charges me a fee. It’s time the banks started showing interest in their clients – not charging them more and more interest! I’m tired of visiting the bank to complain.
a SCutter – Harrington 1 hour ago I read my bank statement the other day. What a nasty surprise! I found out that my current account and my savings account were costing me £2.50 a month each. I discovered that I was paying £7.25 a month by direct debit to a phone company I hadn’t used for 6 months. I also realised that I was paying back my credit card bill in monthly instalments at an interest rate of 22.3%, when I could pay it all off at once for no charge. It seems to me that the banks don’t expect you to read your statement. My advice is READ IT!
c TRicky – New York 5 minutes ago So am I! And while we’re on the subject of visiting banks, I’d like to point out that many people are not taking advantage of the opportunity to save time and stress by using ATMs* to do other things apart from taking out cash. Queues in banks are always long and sometimes you have to wait half an hour just to see a cashier. I always deposit money or pay bills at the ATMs because it’s quicker. You can even apply for a loan or a credit card using these machines. In the US everyone uses the ATMs to do all kinds of transactions. As far as I’m concerned, it’s a more efficient way to do banking. *ATM: automatic teller machine (US); cashpoint machine (UK)
3
Read the text again and decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 SCutter found out that she was paying for a service that she didn’t use anymore. 2 When SCutter used her credit card the bank didn’t charge her anything. 3 GRipes thinks we should visit our bank to complain. 4 GRipes has to pay to take money out of a cashpoint. 5 TRicky doesn’t mind waiting to be served in a bank. 6 According to TRicky, you can ask for new bank services via a cashpoint machine.
20
4
Complete the sentences with the highlighted words and expressions from the text. 1 I have to pay a … of £10 every time I transfer money to my son. 2 Before we go out to dinner, I need to … . I’ve only got £20 on me. 3 My bank sends me a … showing the transactions in my account. 4 I need a … to buy a new computer. I hope the bank will lend me the money. 5 You don’t have to pay for your new car immediately. You can pay in … over two years. 6 I bought the old bike for £50, repaired it and sold it for £80, so I made £30 … . 7 We pay for our monthly electricity by ... so we don’t have to go to the bank. 8 The ... is very low at the moment, so it’s a good time to borrow money.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
2
LANGUAGE STUDY 3
Agreeing (1) So / Neither 12
- Para expresar acuerdo con una frase afirmativa previa se usa So + auxiliar + sujeto. ‘I’m tired of visiting the bank.’ ‘ So am I.’ ‘I paid the water bill the other day.’ So ‘ did I.’
1 A: This year’s going to be difficult. B: That’s just what I was thinking. 2 A: This year’s going to be difficult. B: I’m not so sure about that.
- Para expresar acuerdo con una frase negativa previa se usa Neither + auxiliar + sujeto. ‘I can’t get a credit card.’ ‘ Neither can I.’ ‘She didn’t get a loan to buy a new car.’ ‘ Neither did he.’ Fíjate que el verbo auxiliar tiene que corresponder con el tiempo del verbo de la frase con la que estás de acuerdo. see page 116
1
Choose the correct option.
When we agree or disagree we emphasise some words to make our point clear. Listen and underline the two words speaker B emphasises.
3 A: The bank also charges for sending statements. B: That’s a good point. 4 A: I think the charges are fair. B: I’m afraid I don’t agree. 12
4
Listen and repeat. Listen to the comments and agree or disagree. Use the expressions from the help box.
13
1 A: Joe’s got some cash for the holiday. B: So have / am I. 2 A: She doesn’t read her bank statements. B: So / Neither do I. 3 A: My bank gave me a free credit card. B: So does / did mine. 4 A: I’ll get a loan for my studies. B: So / Neither will I. 5 A: His friend can’t lend him any money. B: Neither can’t / can his brother. 6 A: He pays a lot for school books. B: So doesn’t / does she. 2
1 We shouldn’t have borrowed that money. 2 I need a loan before I can start a business. 3 It’s a good idea to keep your money in a bank. 4 Having a credit card only makes you spend more money.
Write a comment to agree with these sentences. 1 I can’t believe the interest rate is so low. Neither can I. 2 I’m sure you’ll get a loan. 3 I always pay my bills on time. 4 I couldn’t pay the school fees. 5 I don’t think we can improve the situation. 6 I bought my car in instalments.
We shouldn’t have borrowed that money. 5
Agreeing and disagreeing (2)
- Otras expresiones para mostrar desacuerdo: I’m sorry to disagree with you, but… I see what you mean, but don’t you think…? I’m afraid I don’t agree. I’m not so sure about that. I don’t think the economy will recover this y ear. see page 116
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Complete the sentences with a preposition.
back
- Otras expresiones para mostrar acuerdo: Absolutely! That’s a good point. That’s just what I was thinking . I think so, too.’ ‘I think we’ll have to work harder.’ ‘
That’s just what I was thinking.
for (x2)
into
off
out
1 Harry paid £500 … my account because I needed some financial help. 2 She took some cash … of her savings account for her holiday. 3 September is an expensive month because I have to pay … school books. 4 My credit card bill is enormous. Even if I put money in every month, it’ll take me a year to pay it … completely. 5 Can you lend me $10? I’ll pay you … tomorrow, I promise! 6 You can change euros … dollars at the airport.
21
Banks 6
Talk to your partner. What do you think we can do to save money? Use these ideas to help you. Agree and disagree with each other.
9
1 Eat only one meal a day. 2 Check on bank charges. 3 Walk instead of taking the bus. 4 Buy food in the local market. What do you think we can do to save money?
I’m afraid I don’t agree. I’d get hungry.
7
Choose A or B and practise the role-play with a partner. A: You are a bank employee. You have to check the bank’s requirements. Ask the customer: customer’s income and savings. interest rates.
What about eating one meal a day?
So would I!
B: You are working but you want a loan of £500 to pay for a course. Tell the bank: your income and savings.
Look at this leaflet from a bank. Listen and tick (3) the items that the client is interested in.
14
Your current account and more: 1 n Current account 2 n 24hr telephone, Internet and SMS banking
Giving opinions
3 n Direct debit for regular payments
Para dar una opinión se usa:
As far as I’m concerned , it’s an e cient way to do banking. It seems to me that the banks don’t expect you to read your statement. I’m quite sure that if we put more pressure on them, things will change. It’s quite obvious that… I’d like to point out that…
4 n Debit card – no fee for withdrawals 5 n No-fee mortgage 6 n Credit card – free for one year 7 n Savings account
see page 117
8
Match the questions (1-5) to the responses (a-e). 1 What kind of account would you like? 2 Do you know you can get a better interest rate in this bank? 3 Do you need an overdraft? 4 What would the credit limit be on my card? 5 What can I do about my debt? a Really? What percentage is it? b You could pay it off in monthly instalments. c I think it’s 1,500 euros. d Savings. I’d like to have some money saved for emergencies. e Yes, I may have to pay some unexpected bills.
22
10
Read the sentences and discuss your opinion with a partner. 1 It’s difficult for young people to leave home and become independent nowadays. 2 Banks are not interested in clients as individuals. 3 We can’t do anything to change the current economic situation.
It’s quite obvious that young people can’t afford to pay university fees and be independent as well.
I think so too. Flats are too expensive to rent in my city.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
2
B Can we live without banks? BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary 1
That’s Britain! 4
Complete the leaflet.
Read the information. Do you think this is a good idea? Does anything like this exist in your country?
Welcome to Glasgow, the centre of Scottish trade and (1) … and one of Europe’s top ten (2) … centres. Glasgow has always been a major (3) … centre. Today it has a huge retail sector and a growing (4) … industry. The Theatre Royal is home of the Scottish National (5) … . The Glasgow School of Art is one of the world’s first (6) … buildings. There is a wide range of (7) … and other performance art. We hope you enjoy your stay in Glasgow!
Same language, different lives In some parts of the world people have decided to create alternative money for their local communities. This helps local businesses and brings communities closer together.
5
Listen to the speakers talking about the most popular ways to do banking in their country. Match the speakers (1-5) to the descriptions (a-e). 1
2
3
Same language, different lives 2
Tick (3) the things you do with your bank account.
4
1 transfer money to another country 2 withdraw cash from an ATM 3 24/7 Internet banking 4 telephone banking
a ... is impressed by the European chip and pin. b ... thinks online banking is po pular because it’s 24/7. c ... thinks fewer people go into banks today. d ... can either speak to someone or use a cash machine in their banks. e ... says people use Internet banking to transfer money.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary 3
Read the sentences about the Lewes pound. Which three are not true? Correct the false ones. 1 It is an alternative currency. 2 It makes the town more dependent on the banking system. 3 It was developed around the time of the banking crisis in 2008. 4 You can’t buy beer with the Lewes pound. 5 The Lewes pound can only be spent in Lewes. 6 Lewes is the only town in Britain with its own money. 7 The Lewes pound attracts visitors to the town.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
5
1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5...
NOW YOU! 6
How do people do banking in your country? Do they prefer to go to the bank or bank online? In my country many people still like to go to their local bank, especially older people. At the same time…
23
Banks
READING 1
Choose the correct option. 1 What was the most important news from Cyprus in 2013? a There was an earthquake. b The economy collapsed. c Tourism declined.
2
Read and check your answer.
15
Cyprus crisis: savers want their money
The obvious reaction of savers was to run to the bank and take their money out, so the banks closed.
News from Cyprus hit the headlines all over the world between 2012 and 2013. This island near the coast of Turkey is a member of the EU, but it was also a tax haven, which meant that little tax was paid by investors on the interest they earned there. Because of this tax system, many rich Russians and other businessmen from different parts of the world put their money into banks there. Thirty-seven per cent of the investments in Cyprus came from abroad. Maria Spyrou, a spokesperson for a major Cypriot bank, explained the situation, ‘The Cypriot banks had plenty of money, but they made bad investments. In particular, a lot of money was lent to Greece. When the economy in Greece crashed, the Cypriot banks tried to improve the situation by buying Greek government bonds, hoping that the struggling Greek authorities would be helped by the EU. But this didn’t work and they were broke. The banks owed more money than they had. In fact, they owed more money than the country produced. At one point, the country needed $17 billion.’ The EU didn’t want to provide funds to help a lot of rich people from outside the Union so they told Cyprus that the money had to be found inside the country itself. The only money the country had was in people’s personal savings accounts, so in March 2013 the government decided to put a tax on them.
3
1 ...
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5...
6 ...
7 ...
8...
Find synonyms for these words and expressions in the text. 1 exchanges of money or services
24
2 financial certificates that confirm money lent to a company or government 3 collapsed 4 money saved for a specific purpose 5 money taken out of a bank 6 with no money 7 had an obligation to pay 8 fiscal paradise
Put these events in the correct order. a The banks were closed. b The government in Cyprus decided to tax savings accounts. c Cypriot banks invested in Greece. d Cypriot banks lost all their money. e People tried to withdraw all their money from the banks. f People deposited a lot of money in Cypriot banks. g The banks opened, but with restrictions. h The Greek economy had problems.
4
Andreas Constantinou described the scene outside his local bank. ‘People were queueing for hundreds of metres down the street. I saw a man crying when he realised that the cashpoint had run out of money.’ A bank employee told us, ‘I was frightened to go out of the house. My friends and neighbours felt they had been cheated by the banks.’ After the initial scare, Cypriot banks opened, but there were strict financial controls. Cash withdrawals were limited to €300 per day, all transactions over €5,000 were checked and nobody leaving Cyprus could take more than €1,000 with them.
5
Complete the paragraph with some of the highlighted words from the text. I am (1) … ! I have no money to buy food and I (2) … money to all my friends. The bank won’t let me make any more (3) … because there is nothing left in my account. It’s unfair. In these times of crisis rich people keep their (4) … in (5) … located in foreign countries, so only the poor suffer.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
2
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
In some cases there are letters which are not pronounced. Listen and repeat.
5
2
3 mortgage 4 owe
17
3
5 receipt 6 sign
2 The bank hasn’t sent me a statement. 3 The bank promised him a good interest rate. 4 They should pay me the money soon. 5 The government is selling bonds to the public. 6 The bank gave John a 30-year mortgage. 7 The bank didn’t give him a loan.
Underline the silent letters in these words. 1 doubt 2 scissors 3 Wednesday 4 campaign
5 foreign 6 technical 7 business 8 descend 6
Listen, check and repeat. Complete the sentences with words from the box. There are three extra words.
7
Listen to the radio programme and complete the table with each person’s job.
19
Robert Taylor
Anne Winter
Frank Granger
Job 8 19
4
Complete the text with the verbs in the correct passive form. I still (1) … (not / pay) my bonus, but when I (2) … (give) the money I’ll buy a car. My brother (3) … (sell) a BMW by the dealer in my town last month. He paid half the price and (4) … (lend) the difference by my mother. I hope I (5) … (give) the same amount if she feels generous!
charged lend mortgage overdraft owe paid statement withdrew 1 The gas company … me for the inspector’s visit. It cost me £100! 2 I had £600 in my savings account, but I … £200 last week, so I only have £400 left. 3 Nick applied for a … last week to buy a house. 4 I borrowed money twice from my friend so now I … him £100. 5 The … limit on my account is £20 0. I can take out £200 more than I have.
.
1 The manager offered me a loan. I was offered a loan. A loan was offered to me.
16
1 debt 2 interest
Write two passive sentences. Omit the agent
Say these numbers in words.
Listen again and complete with the speakers’ problems (1-4) and needs. One of them has more than one problem. 1 He/She can’t repay a loan. 2 He/She is going to lose his/her house. 3 His/Her business is going to shut down. 4 He/She can’t find a job.
1 £7.50 seven pounds fifty 2 $17,000,000,000 3 37% 4 22.3% 5 €3.40 6 150,000 7 $250,490
Robert Taylor
Anne Winter
Frank Granger
Problem Needs
18
Listen and check. 9
Passive
En inglés tanto el objeto directo como el indirecto de una oración en activa pueden funcionar como sujeto de la oración en voz pasiva. The bank gave me a loan. I was given a loan. (by the bank) A loan was given to me. (by the bank) El segundo caso es menos frecuente. Además, fíjate en que el complemento indirecto va precedido por to.
Write a short contribution to a complaint forum about excessive bank charges. Say what the bank charged you for and give your opinion about the problem or the solution.
I was charged £10 because I used a cashpoint in a different bank. I only withdrew £50! It seems to me that we should be informed better by our banks before they take our money…
see page 117
THAT’S ENGLISH!
25
Banks
CONSOLIDATION 1
What do you think is important if you want to start a small business? Put these in order of importance. 1 finance 2 staff
2
3 new ideas 4 planning
5 training 6 location
Read the text and answer the questions. 1 What kinds of people are helped by this project? 2 What sort of businesses do they start?
Empowerment – giving people the power to manage their lives Many non-profit organisations aim to help people in developing countries by empowering them so that they can develop their own economies. Obviously, giving hungry people food is an immediate concern, but in the long term people need to be financially independent and prosperous. In many countries, aid programmes have been developed which support women in starting businesses or simply managing their household finances in an effective way. The Aid to Africa’s (A2A’s) Microfinance Program promotes training, savings and credit facilities for women in rural areas. These women are vitally important in the food production process in Africa, but they are totally unsupported. The programme was started in 1999 and since then 2.9 million dollars have been lent in countries such as Ethiopia, Mozambique, Senegal and Uganda. 45,000 people in the project that have benefitted from these loans have also managed to save 1.6 million dollars in this time. The programme gives credit facilities to women food farmers and also training in how to manage money and the importance of saving money. These women have increased their incomes and invested the money they earn in education for their children, improved health care and housing. However, one of the most important effects of the project is that women realise that they do have the capacity to improve their lives and their communities. They become more self-confident and are achieving equality with men in developing the well-being of their families and the community. As a result of the success of these women, the next step has been to create rural banks. In recent years, 28 rural banks have been opened. They are financial institutions that are owned by the community and run principally by women. These banks are authorised by the government and use the savings of the members of the community to give loans to others, which in turn generates more prosperity for the community as a whole.
3
Read the text and choose the correct option. 1 According to the text, in developing countries people need help … . a to finance building houses b to become politically independent c to maintain themselves and their families 2 Aid to Africa’s credit system has lent people in Africa … . a 2.9 million dollars b 1.6 million dollars c 45,000 dollars
26
3 The most important result of the project has been that … . a the villages have grown b more children go to school c women now know they can improve their situation 4 The rural banks … . a are only managed by women b need official authorisation c use loans to improve their offices
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
4 20
5
B: What a great idea! I’m not going to waste another minute to give them my help. A: Thank you. (9) … .
Listen to a radio interview with one of The Hunger Project’s organisers. Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Amina Bomara is the only woman who has been successful in the project. 2 Amina Bomara comes from Ghana. 3 With two goats, she only had enough milk for her family. 4 A butcher sells her goat meat. 5 She can’t pay for her children’s education yet.
7
20
butcher developed earned goats invested profits training loans village
6
I think it’s still possible to get a loan to start a good business.
8
Read this letter to a newspaper and answer the questions.
Best wishes K. Robinson
so do I give businesses apply for financial institutions neither am I so would I benefit repaid
THAT’S ENGLISH!
I’m afraid I don’t agree. The banks won’t lend money to anyone.
Dear Sirs, I read your article published last Sunday about microloans which offer very low interest rates to women. Although the incentive to help women is a good idea, it seems to me that this is unfair discrimination against men. Many men have to support a family and could also benefit from this help. Why can’t all the members of a community apply for a loan?
Complete the dialogue with words from the box.
A: I would really like to (1) … a microloan to poor people. B: Yes, (2) … . Why are you so interested in helping these people? A: Well, these people aren’t able to (3) … loans from (4) … . This microfinance will allow these people to start up their own small (5) … . I totally agree with this type of help. B: Yes, (6) … . And when the full amount of the loan is (7)… , can these people ask for another loan? A: Yes, they can. The cycle can start again, and these people will continue to (8) … from your generosity.
Think about the following sentences. Give your opinion and agree or disagree with your partner. 1 It’s easy to set up a small business these days in my country. 2 If you speak several foreign languages, you can find a job in Spain. 3 Banks always find a way to charge you for services. 4 The best way to save money nowadays is to keep it in a box under your bed!
Listen again and complete the summary of the project with words from the box.
Jenny Pritchard is the project manager for The Hunger Project’s work in both Ghana and Ethiopia. In these two countries women are given (1) ... to start small businesses. One example is Amina Bomara, who first bought two (2) … with the money but now employs a (3) … and another person to care for the animals. Apart from finance, Amina has also received (4) … in how to run a business. With the (5) … she has made, she has (6) … in buildings. This means that the business has (7) … into an important source of income for the community because other people in the (8) … have (9) … money working for her.
2
1 What is K. Robinson giving his opinion about? 2 Does he agree or disagree? Why? 3 Why does he think men should be offered this help as well?
9
Write a reply disagreeing with this opinion. You can use arguments from the text and the interview to justify your ideas. Dear Sirs, I am writing in reply to the letter written by K. Robinson. As far as I’m concerned, women should be given…
27
SELF TEST 1
UNIT
interest rate owe profit
I’ve decided to buy my first house. I only have a little money, but the bank has agreed to give me a (1) … for the next twenty years. The monthly (2) … aren’t too much, so I should be able to pay them. I just hope the (3) … doesn’t increase too much in the next few years. I think it is a good (4) … because I won’t sell the house for many years and if I do, I will hopefully make a (5) … and get some extra money. The bank has a special offer at the moment – there is no (6) … for setting up the mortgage, but I will (7) … them money for many years! 2
5
Rewrite the sentences in the passive .
1 1.5% 2 225,000e 3 4.6% 4 15% 5 20,000e a average salary b mortgage rate c unemployment rate d average price of an apartament e fall in the value of property 6
2 A: We could borrow some money. B: That’s just … I was thinking. 3 A: I don’t think we’ll get a loan. B: I don’t think so … . 4 A: I can’t afford a car. B: … can I. 7
As far as I’m concerned, banks charge too much commission. My ban k charges me for transferring my own money to other accounts…
3 A friend sold me this car. I…
4
Read the text and put the verb in brackets in the correct form of the passive or active voice . The other day, I (1) … (take) to the bank by my father to ask for a loan. I (2) … (meet) at the door by the bank manager. We went to his office and he began to ask me some questions. ‘How much money (3) … (you need)?’ he asked. I told him that I needed £15,000 in order to start up a new restaurant.
28
Give your opinion about the following situations. 1 Banks charge too much commission. 2 University should be free. 3 Banks make too much money.
2 The bank has given the women a loan. The women …
5 A charity gave them a new tractor. They …
Complete the spaces in these dialogues so that they express agreement. 1 A: I’m worried about the economy. B: … am I.
1 The bank manager will ask John a lot of questions. John …
4 The bank should send her the new credit card soon. She …
Listen and match the numbers (1-5) to what they refer to (a-e).
21
Choose the correct option. 1 I pay my car insurance by direct credit / debit every year. 2 My brother got a bill / loan to buy his car. He’ll be paying it off for 2 years. 3 My bank doesn’t send paper statements / bills every month. I can see my current account movements online. 4 I have reached the limit on my credit card, so I can only use a loan / cash now for my shopping. 5 You have to pay an overdraft / a fee every time you exchange euros for pounds. 6 He couldn’t withdraw / release £500 from his account because his salary hadn’t been paid in.
3
He (4) … (look) at my documentation and (5) … (agree) to give me the loan. I asked him, ‘What interest rate (6) … (charge)? He replied, ‘you (7) … (charge) 4.2% over the next eight years.’ I agreed and the papers (8) … (sign).The following day, £15,000 (9) … (pay) into my account.
Complete the text with the words from the box. charge instalments investment mortgage
2
8
Write a brief entry in this forum. Give your opinion and explain why.
People are spending less money on leisure activities and holidays than in the past. As far as I’m concerned, this is true. Families have less money to spend on extras, such as…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
3
Green issues S E V I T C E J B O
· To discuss main environmental issues · To express regret and possibility about the environment
A Save our trees 4 Jake is angry with the Council because … . a the trees have a disease b they are going to cut down the trees c they are going to organise a protest 5 Jake doesn’t think Pippa should go to Greece because … . a he prefers England to Greece b aeroplanes pollute the environment c he thinks aeroplanes are dangerous 6 Pippa is angry because … . a Jake has put paint on the carpet b Jake is saving water c Jake didn’t wash his dirty dishes
BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
Tick (3) the things you do to help the environment. 1 I have a shower instead of a bath. 2 I travel by public transport instead of by private car. 3 I don’t often travel by plane. 4 I buy locally produced food. 5 I put my waste in the recycling bins. 6 I never drop litter in the street.
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
4
1 Why is Pippa worried about Jake’s future? 2 Why does Pippa think that Jake might have problems with the police? 3 What is Laura’s suggestion to Pippa? 4 What is the man in the street worried about? 5 What good news does Jake have? 6 What two reasons does Pippa give for selling her car?
Answer the questions.
1 Why does Pippa want to go to Greece? 2 What are the consequences of pollution from cars according to Pippa?
5
Read the sentences about Pippa and Jake. Choose the correct option. 1 Pippa is stressed because … . a she’s always arguing with Jake b Jake didn’t like his breakfast c Jake cares about the environment 2 Jake is angry because … . a Pippa had a shower b Pippa had a bath c Pippa washes too much 3 Pippa hopes that Jake … . a will continue his studies b will never work for the Council c will find a job soon
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the speakers’ opinions about improvements to their local environment. Complete the sentences with one word. 1 There’s been a lot of development in the r… areas. 2 The good things about the e… have been neglected. 3 There are more areas for c… . 4 There are more houses and s… . 5 There’s still no r… collection.
AFTER YOU WATCH 3
Answer the questions.
NOW YOU! 6
What plans does your local council have for your local area? Do you agree with them? If not, what can you do? My local council is planning to build a new car park near my house. I don’t agree with this plan because we need to protect our green spaces.
29
Green issues
READING 1
2 22
Which of these types of rubbish are recycled in your area?
rubble
cartons
textile
kitchen waste
cans
garden waste
Read the article and choose the best title. 1 An expensive mistake
2 The cost of recycling
Theresa Jones and her husband received a nasty shock last week when a letter arrived informing them of a £110 fine for not following the local rubbish collection rules. ‘Imagine my surprise when we found out that we’d broken the law. The letter said that we shouldn’t have put out our kitchen waste on Tuesday instead of the plastic container bag. They could have sent us a warning first. I normally remember when the refuse collectors pick up the different kinds of rubbish, but it’s easy to make a mistake,’ said Mrs Jones. ‘At the moment we’ve got a bag for kitchen waste to be put out on Mondays and Wednesdays, a plastic bag to go out on Tuesdays, a can and cartons bag that is put out on Fridays and a box for paper and cardboard that we leave out on Thursdays. As well as that, there’s a glass bin, a textile bin and a garden waste bin at the end of the road. It’s no wonder we get confused every now and then.’
3
Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7) according to the text. Correct the false ones. 1 Mr and Mrs Jones have to pay to have their rubbish collected. 2 In the area where Mr and Mrs Jones live, the residents have to put out kitchen waste on Tuesdays. 3 Not many people find it difficult to follow the recycling rules. 4 The council thinks that people will try to reduce the rubbish they generate when they have to recycle. 5 The residents have to put glass out to be collected on Wednesdays. 6 The newspaper thinks that other issues related to the disposal of rubbish are more important than the case of Mr and Mrs Jones.
30
3 Collection week
A local councillor has defended their action: ‘People who repeatedly ignore the rules are fined because this is the only way that the tiny minority of residents who won’t collaborate are forced to cooperate. Our community is trying to establish the three r’s philosophy: reduce, reuse, recycle. If people start to think about the amount of rubbish they generate, they also try to reduce it. We can recycle rubbish and even reuse clothes or furniture if people dispose of them correctly. We send a calendar of the collection days so the Joneses should have known, and this isn’t the first time they have made a mistake. They may have put plastic in the kit chen waste bag or left rubbish outside the bins on other occasions.’ However, this newspaper agrees with Mr and Mrs Jones in this case. We think that the council should have informed them in writing before giving them a fine. Surely the council should be more concerned about really serious issues related to waste, such as builders that dump rubble in fields or toxic waste from chemical industries, which are cleaned up with taxpayers’ money.
4
Complete the sentences with a highlighted word from the text. 1 Although he was previously sent a … by the police, he ignored it and so he received a … of £50 for washing his car in the street. 2 Volunteers from the local school have … the park after the village festival. Most of the … has been recycled. 3 The … times are written on the post box. The postmen … the letters twice a day. 4 The … come twice a week, so I … my rubbish on Tuesdays and Fridays. 5 Responsible people … their old fridges in the correct place, but some people just … them by the side of the road.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
3
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 23
Remember that in connected speech, we often pronounce have /v/ after modal verbs. Listen to these sentences.
4
1 They could have sent us a warning. 2 The council should have informed them. 3 We shouldn’t have put it out on Tuesday. 4 They may have put plastic in the bin. 2
destroying fossil fuels pollution turbines non-renewable resources green energy renewable resources running out solar energy
Practise saying these sentences.
Our world cannot function without energy. Traditional energy sources, such as (1) petrol, coal etc., have two main disadvantages. Firstly, they produce (2) harmful substances in the environment, and secondly they are limited so they are in danger of (3) being completely used up. Nowadays, energy can be produced from (4) unlimited natural elements. (5) Energy produced from sunlight is clean and safe. In many windy areas, we can see huge wind (6) machines that sometimes provide electricity for whole towns.
1 They should have recycled the cartons. 2 He couldn’t have known it was the wrong day. 3 They must have collected it yesterday. 4 She might have warned us. 5 I would have done the shopping. 6 He could have come.
24
3
Replace the underlined words with a word or expression from the box. There are three extra words.
Listen and repeat.
Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs from the box.
clean generate recycle reduce
pick save
protect waste
Environmental education is an important part of school life. Schools have separate bins in the classroom to (1) … paper, plastic or other rubbish. Teachers and pupils are encouraged to (2) … the amount of paper they use by making fewer photocopies and (3) … electricity by turning off lights. Children sometimes take these ideas home so that less rubbish is (4) … from household activities. The pupils learn to (5) … the environment by (6) … less paper, electricity or other materials, to (7) … up their classroom and (8) … up rubbish from the floor.
Expressing regret Para lamentar algo del pasado se usa should + have + past participle. We shouldn’t have put out our kitchen waste on Tuesday . They should have known the correct day . see page 117
5
Look at these situations and write a sentence using should / shouldn’t have + past participle . 1 We left the chairs out so they got wet in the rain. We shouldn’t have left the chairs out.
2 We put the used cooking oil down the kitchen sink. Now it is blocked. 3 The council didn’t repair the street lights so an old lady fell over last night. 4 I didn’t leave the rubbish out on the right day so I have to wait a week now. 5 The company dumped their chemical waste into the river and all the fish died. 6 I haven’t got low-consumption bulbs in my lights so my electricity bill is very high. 7 The paper company has cut down all the trees. Now nothing grows in the area.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
31
Green issues Expressing possibility in the past
8
Listen to Tom and Sue talking about a problem.
25
1 What is the problem? 2 What does Sue suggest doing to solve the problem? 3 Who thinks recycling is difficult?
9
Listen again to Tom (T) and Sue (S). Tick ( 3) the correct person.
Para expresar posibilidad en el pasado se usa could , may o might + have + past participle Why is she late? She may have missed the bus. She could have forgotten our date. see page 117
6
Complete the sentences with may / might / could + have + past participle .
25
Tom Sue
1 How did he get to work without his car? He may / might / could have taken public transport.
1 Who is worried about rats and insects? 2 Who thinks individuals can help?
2 How did they reduce waste? They … (start) recycling.
3 Who thinks the authorities should solve the problem?
3 Why did the plants die? The farmer … (use) polluted water.
4 Who has no time to worry about recycling?
4 My car doesn’t work. You … (run) out of petrol.
5 Who thinks we could prevent these problems if we collaborate?
5 I got a fine from the council. You … (leave) your rubbish out on the wrong day. 6 The gardeners haven’t put the grass cuttings in the compost bin. They … (dump) it in another place. 7
Choose the best option. 1 The students spent the day in the park and the park is very dirty now. The students might / should have picked up the rubbish. 2 Our electricity bill is quite high. They should / may have left the lights on. 3 My neighbour received a fine from the city. He should / might have left his rubbish out. 4 All of the recycling bins at the school are empty. Everything may / should have been taken to the recycling centre. 5 The lights are off in their house. They would / could have gone out for the night. 6 This town didn’t offer recycling services. They should / might not have had enough money in city hall.
10
Put these ideas in order of importance. Then compare your ideas with your partner and explain what concerns you most and why. 1 recycling (batteries, cooking oil, paper, metal, plastic, clothes) 2 making compost 3 saving electricity 4 saving fuel, e.g. petrol or heating oil
Expressing concern Para expresar preocupación se usa: be worried about be concerned about + sustantivo o –ing be afraid of My biggest worry is
I think recycling paper is important because too many trees are cut down.
My biggest worry is saving electricity. My bills are terrible!
They should be more concerned about really serious issues. I’ m afraid of using too much electricity . My biggest worry is global warming. see page 118
32
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
3
B Protect our planet 6 The public don’t look at the information boards. 7 Less than half the farmland in England is under an environmental scheme.
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary 1
Which of the sentences below are true in your country?
That’s Britain! 4
Match the places or things (1-6) to the descriptions (a-f). 1 Harrogate 2 The Stray 3 Harlow Carr
a Britain’s most famous tearoom. b The spa town of the north. c It can be used to make structures to support plants and sculptures. d It’s a wonderful area of open space protected by law. e It’s a place to come and get ideas for gardening. f It’s a very fine Victorian building.
Bumblebee
1 A lot of land is used for farming. 2 Farmers grow crops which are beneficial to local wildlife. 3 It is very unusual to see bumblebees. 4 Many people enjoy walking in the countryside.
That’s Britain!
Same language, different lives 5
2
4 Willow 5 The Royal Hall Theatre 6 Betty’s
Answer the questions.
1 Is gardening a popular hobby in your city or village? 2 Have you ever grown your own fruit or vegetables? 3 Are there courses in your town or city where you can learn about gardening?
Listen to the speakers talking about environmental issues in their country. Match the speakers to the problem or solution they mention. 1
3
5
2
4
6
a drought and climate change b pollution c recycling d clean air and energy conservation e mining f over fishing
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 3
Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 The industrialisation of the countryside had a negative effect on wildlife. 2 The environmental scheme aims to bring people back to the countryside. 3 The government has helped farmers to replant hedges. 4 Chris Skinner grows crops that attract bees. 5 Farmers need financial help in order to look after the wildlife.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
NOW YOU! 6
Do you have any green areas in your city? What can you do there? In Madrid there are many green areas. The Casa de Campo is a protected area where there is lots of wildlife. You can cycle, go jogging, go rowing on the lake or just have a cup of coffee in one of the lakeside cafés.
33
Green issues
READING 1
Match the photos (1-6) to the disasters (a-f). Which ones are caused by humans? 1
3
2
2
5
4
a tornado b volcanic eruption c tsunami d flooding e nuclear radiation accident f oil spill
6
Read the two jumbled texts. One is from a newspaper report about a flood. The other is an eyewitness account of what happened. Separate the two texts and put the paragraphs in the right order. Paragraph
1
newspaper report
d
eyewitness account
f
2
3
4
a In total 11,700 people have lost their homes, eight people have died and 1,200 people have been reported as missing. The total cost of the damage still has to be estimated. b When the water hit the house the windows and doors were destroyed and rocks, mud and other objects flowed in. Luckily we were all on the top floor, but we couldn’t do anything except wait. The water was getting higher and higher, and my biggest worry was that the walls of the house would collapse under the pressure of the water. c Later that day, I discovered that things could have been worse. Our neighbours’ house, which was further down the canyon, had been completely destroyed. Although they might have tried to get on to the roof, the water came down too quickly and they couldn’t escape. The rescue workers found them both unconscious under a pile of debris. d Last week extensive flooding occurred in Colorado close to the Rocky Mountain National Park area. Heavy rainfall in the mountains caused rivers to overflow, and water from the Big Thompson River rose as high as first floor windows in the Estes Park area leaving a sea of mud and debris in the town centre. In mountain areas isolated houses are still cut off because roads were washed away. e Daylight came and the force of the water slowed. Finally, we heard a helicopter overhead and we were rescued from the upstairs balcony. f It was around 2 a.m. when our dog, Jasper, started barking. It woke me up and at first I thought a cat could have been in the garden or that he might have heard someone driving past. But then, I heard the noise. It sounded like thunder and was getting louder and louder. g Many people question the importance of the effect of climate change in producing these weather conditions. Changing temperatures of global airstreams may have produced higher levels of water vapour in the air and led to the increase in rain. The number of people affected by the disaster is larger because of the huge increase in the population of the area in recent years. h Could we have avoided these losses? The cause of this disaster has given scientists reasons for concern because of the abnormal weather conditions. The amount of precipitation was greater than any time in recorded history and scientists think that the phenomenon was due to unusual weather patterns. 3 26
Read the text and answer these questions. From the eye witness account: 1 What time of day did the flood reach the house? 2 Where did the family find a safe place to wait? 3 How were they rescued? 4 What happened to their neighbours? From the newspaper report: 1 Why did the rivers overflow? 2 How many people have nowhere to live? 3 Has it ever rained more in the past? 4 What do experts suggest caused the heavy rain?
34
4
Match the highlighted words to their meaning. 1 inaccessible 2 air movements caused by changes in temperature 3 wet earth 4 typical movements of meteorological conditions 5 remains of something destroyed 6 removed by water 7 destruction 8 loud noise during a storm 9 rise above their capacity
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
3
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
Match the words (1-6) to make compound nouns (a-f). 1 global 2 ozone 3 acid 4 exhaust 5 oil 6 air
2 27
a rain b fumes c layer d quality e warming f spill
4
Underline the main stress in these compound words.
2 Although the flood came in the night, we woke up because the dog was barking. The water rose so we went to the top floor of the house. Finally, a helicopter rescued us. Our neighbours’ house was affected as well. However, they weren’t as lucky as we were. Their dog is missing and the ground floor is destroyed as well. Although they have lost everything they owned, their insurance will cover all the damage. They are a close family, so they will be all right.
4 earthquake 5 weather conditions 6 rescue workers
Listen and repeat. Complete the sentences with a compound noun from activity 1. 1 The increase in temperatures on Earth is sometimes attributed to … caused by holes in the … . 2 The … from cars contribute to poor … in our cities. 3 … comes from pollution in the air from factories while … cause terrible damage in our seas.
Look at the two summaries of the eyewitness account of the flood in the reading section. Which is better? Why? 1 The flood came in the night. We woke up. The dog was barking. The water rose. We went to the top floor of the house. A helicopter rescued us. Our neighbour s weren’t so lucky.Their dog is missing. The ground floor is destroyed. They lost everything they owned. Their insurance will cover all the damage. They are a close family. They will be all right.
4 greenhouse 5 ozone layer 6 sea level
1 forest fire 2 climate change 3 air quality 28
6
Normally the first word in a compound word is stressed. Listen to the examples and repeat. 1 dust bin 2 oil spill 3 footprint
3
WRITING SECTION
see page 130
7
Find the linking words in the second text and complete the table according to their meaning. contrast reason addition
Comparatives to express continuing change
time
Para expresar que algo está cambiando de forma continua se puede repetir el comparativo. The water was getting higher and higher . The noise was louder and louder . The situation is more and more di cult .
Now add these linking words to the chart. due to
in addition
but
then
next
see page 118
5
Complete the sentences. Use one of the adjectives from the box and the comparative form. serious
green
high
big
good
Look at these main points of the newspaper text from the reading section. Rewrite the summary using linking words to connect the ideas.
loud
Natural disasters are becoming more and more serious . 1 The hole in the ozone layer is getting … . 2 New parks make urban areas … . 3 New technologies make our lives … . 4 The noise from the tsunami was getting … . 5 The flood water was rising … .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
8
There was a lot of rain in Colorado. The rivers rose. The flooding affected many people. Many homes were destroyed. The town centre was filled with mud and debris. Roads to mountain areas were washed away. Thousands of people have lost their homes. Global warming may have produced the increase in rain. This hasn’t been proven.
35
Green issues
CONSOLIDATION 1
Read the following explanation. Answer the question. Carbon dioxide emissions come from burning fossil fuels such as coal and petrol. Every time an individual uses a fossil fuel powered vehicle or something produced using fossil fuels, he or she contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. This is called a carbon footprint. Do you leave a carbon footprint on the world? How?
2
Read the leaflet and complete the chart.
Ten steps to reducing your carbon footprint Heating and lighting your home 1 Use solar panels and other green energy. Although the initial costs are high, you’ll soon start saving money at the same time as you save energy.
2 Use low-consumption bulbs. Again, the price is higher, but they last longer and use less than a third of the power. 3 Turn off lights, TVs and other electrical appliances. Even if they are on standby they use between 10-40% of power. Don’t leave the fridge door open longer than is necessary.
Travelling 4 Walk to work or use a bike. There are plenty of cycle paths in the city, but be careful! 5 If you have to travel longer distances, use public transport. The more we use buses, trains and trams, the better the services will be.
6 If you have to use a car, don’t drive more than 90 km/hour. You will use 25% less fuel if you do so. Buy a hybrid car if you want to be even more fuel efficient.
7 Instead of going abroad to business meetings, use technology such as videoconferencing to reduce air travel and the carbon dioxide emissions from aeroplanes.
Eating and shopping 8 Use eco-friendly products whenever you can. These days there are lots of products available in your local supermarket, plus a growing number of green online shopping sites. 9 If you buy locally produced food, less fuel is consumed in transporting it. Not only is this better for the environment, it’s usually healthier too because it is probably fresher. 10 Buy food without packaging and stop using plastic bags and put your shopping in reusable bags instead. Many supermarkets sell cheap shopping bags that they will replace when they get worn out.
We should
36
We shouldn’t
in the home
1 use solar panels 2 3
1 2 3
travelling
1 2 3
1 use cars 2
eating and shopping
1 use eco-friendly products 2 3
1 2
3
Answer the questions. 1 What is the disadvantage of installing solar panels or using low-consumption bulbs? 2 What do you think happens if you leave the fridge door open too long? 3 What will improve if more people use public transport? 4 What is the suggested alternative to flying to business meetings? 5 Where can you buy eco-friendly products? 6 How do supermarkets help people to save on plastic bags?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
4 29
Listen to two speakers on a radio programme and match the photos that correspond to their stories. 1
7
3
Discuss with a partner the advantages and disadvantages of using these different types of energy. Think about the following aspects: expensive / cheap , clean / polluting , safe / dangerous , efficient / inefficient . Solar energy is very clean.
2
My worry is that nuclear energy is dangerous.
4
8
Speaker 1: … and …
Listen again and complete the sentences.
29
1 Australian mining companies want to increase the number of … that transport … . 2 This will have a negative impact on … . 3 Whales are hunted for export to … where the meat is used for … . 4 European countries shouldn’t allow the whaling ships to enter their … . Complete the chart with these types of energy. 1 solar 5 coal
2 wind 6 oil
Yes, but it is more expensive to install.
Maybe, but it produces a lot of power.
Read the information from a local town council and write an email giving your opinion.
Speaker 2: … and …
5
6
3
3 nuclear 7 gas
renewable energy source non-renewable energy source
4 hydroelectric
Your local council would like to create a new green zone in the city. We want to renovate the old port area, and we intend to reconvert the old textile factory and demolish the abandoned houses in the area. We would like suggestions from the residents of our city about what they think would be a good way to develop the area. Please send an email with your opinion. Suggestions: children’s park, skateboard area, cafés and restaurants, golf course, cycle path, public gardens.
Dear Sirs/Madam, I am writing to give my opinion about the new green zone in the city. My concern is that there are few places where families can spend time together. So, a park for children would be a good idea…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
37
SELF TEST 1
2
UNIT
Choose the best option.
5
should give priority to 1 Governments establishing / protecting the environment. 2 We shouldn’t spend / waste paper making so many photocopies. 3 You should put your magazines / cartons in the paper recycling bins. 4 The factory disposes of / dumps the chemicals in a responsible way. 5 If we use too much electricity we may run / stay out of fossil fuels in the next 50 years. 6 I received a fine / payment because I put the garden waste in the wrong bin. 7 Because of the flood, the river overflowed / washed away . 8 After the storm there was a lot of damage / debris on the beach.
30
6
Listen again and complete the paragraph.
30
Linda is a (1) … student who is going to Spain as a (2) … during the (3) … . She wants to help (4) … that have been hurt and also work to prevent (5) … that are very common in the summer.
7
Read the email from Joe. Choose the correct linking words.
Oliver has just received an enormous electricity bill. Write sentences about what he regrets. Use should or shouldn’t have + past participle .
Hi Isabel, What are your plans this summer? I’ve got lots of time because the university holidays are long (1) but / so I’ve decided to work as a volunteer. I’m really concerned about the area where I live. (2) Although / However , there are beautiful beaches and a lot of wildlife, I feel that tourism is destroying much of the natural flora and fauna, so I’ve joined an environmental protection project in the area. (3) Firstly / Then we have to be in the car park in the morning giving out rubbish bags and information to the tourists. (4) Then / Finally , in the afternoon we’ll work cleaning the beach. (5) In addition, / Due to part of the project is to promote recycling, so we have to sort the di erent types of rubbish at the end of the day. I know it sounds like hard work, (6) next / but would you like to spend some time with us this August? Love Joe
Answer the questions. Use could / may / might have and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
How did the forest fire start? 1 Someone … (drop) a cigarette. 2 Someone … (start) it deliberately. 3 Someone … (have) a barbecue and didn’t put out the fire properly. Why did Felix arrive late? 4 He … (wake up) late. 5 He … (miss) the bus. 6 His car … (break down). 4
Write sentences about continuing negative climate changes. Use comparatives. 1 Sea levels / high Sea levels are getting higher and higher . 2 Summers / get / hot 3 Winters / get / cold / these days 4 Tornadoes / be / frequent 5 Pollution / make / our lives / bad 6 Hurricanes / be / strong
38
Listen to Linda talking to Anna about her summer holiday and answer the questions. 1 Where is she planning to go? 2 How many projects is she going to work on there? 3 What does Anna feel about Linda’s plans?
1 buy low-consumption light bulbs 2 leave the TV on all day 3 close the fridge door 4 turn off the lights at night 5 install an electric water heater 3
3
8
Write Isabel’s summary of Joe’s plans. Use linking words. Joe is interested in protecting nature in the area where he lives so… Due to tourism…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
4
Shopping S E V I T C E J B O
· To describe shopping habits and purchases · To make deductions about the past
A What a bargain! BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
4
1 Ellen thinks that Karla has probably… . a spent a lot of money b won the lottery 2 Karla has decided she is going to… . a sell some clothes on the Internet b take some clothes to a charity shop 3 The blouse that Karla bought in Madrid is made of… . a pure cotton b pure silk 4 Some of Karla’s clothes still have the price tag on them because… . a she has never worn them b she has just bought them 5 Karla can’t take the clothes back to the shop because… . a she can’t remember where she bought them b she can’t find the receipts
Answer the questions. 1 Do you ever buy second hand clothes? If so, where from? 2 Have you ever given your clothes to a charitable organisation? Why?
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Answer the questions.
1 How much was Ellen’s dress and where did she buy it?
5
AFTER YOU WATCH
THAT’S ENGLISH!
2
3
4
5
a hasn’t bought anything recently b has bought shoes which were too small c has bought things in the sales d has bought a coffee maker e has bought tons of things
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Ellen got some fantastic bargains in the charity shops. 2 Karla is wearing a designer skirt made of silk. 3 Karla bought it in the sales. 4 Ellen’s top only cost £10. 5 Ellen also bought her top in the sales. 6 Karla and Ellen have been to at least eight shoe shops. 7 Karla tried on bright purple shoes with high heels. 8 Ellen tried on dark brown leather cowboy boots.
Listen to the speakers talking about things they have bought which they’ve never used or didn’t need. Match the speakers (1-5) to the answers (a-e). 1
2 How many times has Karla worn the red shoes and why?
3
Choose the correct option.
NOW YOU! 6
Do you enjoy shopping? What kind of things do you like to buy? What was the last thing you bought? I’m not really a shopping person. I only go shopping when I really need to buy something. The last thing I bought was...
39
Shopping
READING 1
Tick (3) the type of shops that you go to at least once a week. 1 greengrocer’s 2 supermarket
3 fishmonger’s 4 hypermarket
5 butcher’s 6 department store
2
Read the text. Match the sentences to the person, Reg or Sarah.
31
1 I go shopping a lot. 2 I don’t like going to lots of different shops.
3 I don’t use the Internet to buy things. 4 Things were worse before.
Sarah, 32, is married with two young children and does her weekly shopping at a hypermarket. She also shops online.
WHERE DO YOU SHOP? Reg, 64, lives alone and he likes to do his shopping locally.
‘We usually go to a large supermarket in a shopping centre at the weekend. Or the mall, as my daughter says, because she watches American TV series! Anyway, the supermarket’s got a great selection of food and a big self-service checkout, so there’s no need to queue up. What’s more, after we’ve paid we get everything delivered the same afternoon. It’s perfect!
‘I buy all my groceries at the local shops. I go to the greengrocer’s most days and to the butcher’s and fishmonger’s a couple of times a week. You know, there used to be an Indian guy who had a corner shop at the end of my street. It was brilliant because Reg you could buy almost anything there, but it closed about three years ago. It must have been because he didn’t have enough customers anymore. You see, these days most people do their shopping at big supermarkets. I really don’t understand why people have stopped shopping locally as the hypermarkets are miles away! It’s so much easier to pop out to the local shops. I suppose things might have changed because these days everybody’s got a car. Anyway, I still prefer to go to the local shops because I can chat to my neighbours and to the shopkeepers there. What’s more, I don’t have to queue up for ages before I get to the checkout.’
3
4
I used to go to department stores to do the rest of my shopping, but nowadays I buy most non-food things online. I didn’t use to feel comfortable shopping online, but now I realise that it’s easy and safe to pay by credit or debit card. I only get good-quality stuff and it’s much better value for money in the end. When I think about it, it can’t have been much fun for my mum to do the shopping when she was my age. I mean, there were no hypermarkets and you had to go to lots of different shops, carrying a heavy bag all the time. Things have changed a lot Sarah since then!’
2 shops which sell lots of different things 3 a group of shops
Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Reg is a vegetarian. 2 The Indian man’s shop wasn’t very successful. 3 Reg prefers the local shops because they are cheaper. 4 Sarah doesn’t shop on her own. 5 Sarah’s husband helps her carry the shopping. 6 Sarah thinks that the supermarket is a good place to shop. 7 Sarah thinks that her mother must have enjoyed shopping in the past. Find all the different types of shops mentioned in the text. Classify them as:
7 corner shop 8 shopping centre
5
Choose the correct option. Then check with the text. 1 I do my buys / shopping locally. 2 Could you hop out / pop out to the shops and get some milk? 3 I really don’t like queueing up / standing up for a long time before I pay. 4 Why don’t we get the shopping transported / delivered in the future? 5 I usually buy stuff of good quality / good- quality stuff . 6 Ten eggs for a euro? That’s very good value for money / valuable .
1 shops which sell one type of product
40
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
4
LANGUAGE STUDY 4
Making past deductions Utilizamos los verbos modales + have + past participle para hacer deducciones sobre el pasado. Podemos expresar: - Certeza (afirmativa): must Si estamos casi seguros de que algo ocurrió. It must have been because he didn’t have enough customers. - Certeza (negativa): can’t Si estamos casi seguros de que algo no ocurrió. It can’t have been much fun for my mum. - Posibilidad: may / might / could* Things might have changed because these days everybody’s got a car. He may not have been comfortable. He left the party early . Jane could have left by now. Her coat’s not here.
Complete the sentences with the correct past modal and the verb in brackets. Then read the dialogues in pairs. 1 A: My uncle won a Ferrari last year. B: He ... (be) delighted! 2 A: Has Bill done the shopping? B: I’m not sure. He ... (do) it or he ... (not do) it. 3 A: I’ve bought a kilo of Russian caviar. B: A kilo of caviar? That ... (be) cheap! 4 A: Has the new supermarket opened yet? B: No, it ... (open) yet. They’re still painting the outside. 5 A: Someone’s phoned us. B: It ... (be) Diana or it ... (be) Richard. Let’s see if they’ve left a message. 6 A: Why is there no milk in the fridge? B: It ... (be) my brother! He loves milk!
* Could not have expresa certeza negativa y es similar a can’t have.
Describing objects and people (1)
see page 118
1
1 I’m sure that I didn’t leave my wallet in the supermarket. I can’t have left my wallet in the supermarket . 2 I’m sure that they’ve sold all the Christmas turkeys by now. 3 It’s possible that we paid too much. 4 I’m sure that you were very happy when you found your keys. 5 I’m sure that the butcher’s hasn’t closed yet. 6 It’s possible that Jack has already done the shopping, but I don’t think he has. 7 I’m sure that Maria was surprised when she saw the price. 2 32
Podemos utilizar un nombre como adjetivo para modificar otro nombre. department store, corner shop, quality goods, credit card
Rewrite the sentences using a past modal of deduction.
see page 119
5
assistant cleaner debit discount manager paper credit shopping window shop ...
Listen to the pronunciation of have been in these three sentences and answer the questions. Then say the sentences. a It must have been because he didn’t have enough customers. b It can’t have been much fun for my mum. c It might have been less expensive last week. 1 Are the modal verbs stressed or unstressed? 2 Are have and been stressed or unstressed? 3 Is the a in have pronounced like a in cat ? 4 Is ee in been pronounced like ee in tree ? 5 Do we pronounce the h in have ?
3
Listen to the sentences. Say if each one contains:
33
1 a modal verb + infinitive (e.g. can’t be ). 2 a modal + perfect infinitive (e.g. can’t have been ).
33
Listen again and write down the verb phrases.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Put the nouns from the box in the correct column to make compound nouns. Some words can be used more than once.
6
... bag
window ...
... card
Complete the sentences with the expressions in activity 5 and the language box. 1 I wasn’t pleased with the service from the … , so I asked to speak to the … . 2 There’s a fantastic little ... near my house. 3 You can get some great reductions with this ... . 4 They gave me ... at the checkout yesterday. I know they’re more ecological, but they’re not very strong! 5 I haven’t got much money at the moment, so I’m only going to go ... . 6 When is the … going to come? The … is very dirty.
41
Shopping 7
Match the beginning and end of each sentence. Shopping habits 1 I do most of my shopping... 2 I don’t get impatient... 3 I buy my groceries at... 4 In the evening I often pop out... 5 I don’t usually get... 6 I think that shopping online... 7 In my opinion the local shops... 8 I prefer to pay in cash... 9 I always buy goodquality stuff... 10 I go to a hypermarket...
11
a isn’t safe. b to the local shops. c than by credit card. d the corner shop. e to do my weekly shopping. f are good value for money. g even if it’s more expensive. h my shopping delivered. i locally. j when I’m queueing up at the checkout.
Read the blog entry. Match the words in bold to their use. Mildred’s blog Today I want to talk about shopping! Personally, I would say that I am a traditional kind of shopper as I Iike to do all my shopping locally. For instance, when I want to buy a nice cut of meat, I always go to my local butcher’s. You see, I know all the shopkeepers very well – they’re like friends. I don’t go to supermarkets because I don’t think they’ve got good-quality stuff. I mean, if you want to buy vegetables, it’s much better to get them at a greengrocer’s. After all, they’re the experts, aren’t they? What’s more, I would never buy food online. If you can’t see and smell what you’re buying, how do you know if it’s good? In my view, there’s nothing better than going to your local greengrocer’s or butcher’s!
Now decide which sentence is true (3) or false ( 7) for you and check your results in the box below. ! s t i b a h g n i p p o h s r u o y n i l a n o i t i d a r t r o n n r e d o m y r e v r e h t i e n e r ’ u o y ; e l d d i m e h t n i e r e h w e m o s e r a u o y f i – r e h t i e N
Hypermarkets? No, thank you!
. s n o i t s e u q e r o m r o n e v e s o t e s l a f d e r e w s n a u o y f i – r e p p o h s n r e d o M . s n o i t s e u q e r o m r o n e v e s o t e u r t d e r e w s n a u o y f i – r e p p o h s l a n o i t i d a r T … a e r a u o Y
1 to introduce a point informally 2 to add a new point 3 to give a reason 4 to introduce an opinion neutrally 5 to give an example
? u o y e r a r e p p o h s f o d n i k t a h W : y e K
8
Compare your answers with your partner. Do you do most of your shopping locally?
9
Yes, I do. What about you?
12
Listen to an interview. Is the person a modern or traditional shopper? Listen again and decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
34
1 The shopper buys very few things online. 2 The shopper doesn’t think that it’s dangerous to shop online. 3 The shopper thinks that most people will shop online in ten years’ time. 4 The shopper prefers to shop online because it’s more convenient. 5 It’s more expensive to shop online. 6 The shopper is going to stop shopping online because many people would lose their jobs if everyone did that.
42
appropriate
1 I prefer shopping online. … , it’s much cheaper. 2 This shop has very good-quality stuff. … , the shopkeeper is very helpful. 3 … going to IKEA on Saturday is a bad idea. 4 People shouldn’t pay by credit card … they spend too much money in the end. 5 There are many reasons to do your shopping locally. … , you get more personal attention.
34
10
Complete the sentences with expressions from activity 11.
13
Write a blog post about what kind of shopper you are.
Personally, I would say that I am a traditional/modern kind of shopper as...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
4
B What shall I buy? 4 As well as checking customer service, mystery shoppers have to… . a check the appearance of the shop front b check the appearance of the shop assistants c check stock levels
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary 1
Look at the descriptions of good customer service. Number them (1-4) in order of importance for you.
The shop always has what I want. The shop assistants are polite. I don’t have to wait to pay. I can get my money back if I change my mind.
5 Amanda Carter says that… . a when she’s finished looking at a shop, she must leave straight away b she wears neutral colours to blend in with the crowd c she thinks it is important to look around to get a real feeling for the store 6 Clients send specific instructions before a mystery shopper visits a store, for example… . a the best time of day to visit b what to focus on specifically c the clothes the mystery shopper should wear
That’s Britain! 4
Answer the questions about York. THE MERCHANT ADVENTURES’ HALL
That’s Britain! 2
1 What was the building used for? 2 What did the merchants buy and sell?
The Shambles is a famous street in the historical city of York. What kind of things do you think you can buy there?
THE SHAMBLES
3 Why is The Shambles an interesting place to shop? THE SWEET SHOP
4 What kinds of customers go to John’s sweet shop? YORK MINSTER
5 What is York Minster? 6 How long did it take to build?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Same language, different lives 5
Documentary 3
a carvings b leather goods c jewellery d sandals
Choose the two correct options. 1 A successful business has… . a fierce competition b good products c excellent customer service 2 To find out what customers think, companies use… . a online surveys b shop assistants c feedback boxes 3 Companies employ mystery shoppers… . a to help companies maintain high levels of customer service b to help customers get better service c to represent the shop
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the speakers talking about things to buy in their country. Tick (3) the things they don’t mention. e oranges f clothing g coconuts h ceramics
NOW YOU! 6
Describe a historical city you have visited in your country. One of the most beautiful cities I have visited is Toledo. You can walk around this historical town and imagine that you have been transported back to the medieval times…
43
Shopping
READING 1
You are going to read a text about illegally copied goods. Which of these products do you think will be mentioned? 1 watches
2
2 cars
3 sports shoes
4 handbags
5 clothes
6 perfume
Read the text quickly and check your answers.
35
Fake goods – a real problem
In total, around 5% of world trade in all consumer goods is based on fake products. There are a number of other reasons why this figure will probably increase. Firstly, because of technological advances, it is becoming easier to copy goods. Secondly, the emergence of many new markets around the world will increase the demand for cheap counterfeit goods. And finally, many consumers around the world are perfectly happy to buy goods which they know are fake.
Imagine that you’re out shopping one day and someone comes up to you in the street, offering to sell you a beautiful gold watch. It’s a Rolex, and it only costs £50 which is a real bargain! Or imagine that you see a stylish black and white silk shirt selling for £10 on a market stall and it’s a Calvin Klein! You know that both products must be fake and made of low-quality materials. Even so, do you decide to buy them? If your answer is yes, you’re not alone: research has shown that 40% of consumers in the UK buy products which they know are counterfeit. This attitude on the part of the general public helps to explain why the production of counterfeit designer goods is rising rapidly. Another factor is that the makers of these cheap imitations have learnt to reproduce logos, labelling and packaging to perfection. This is very bad news for the big brand names. One well-known T-shirt manufacturer, for example, claims that it loses £350,000 a year because of illegal merchandise. Governments aren’t happy about this situation either, because these products are sold on the black market, so no tax is paid on them. However, perhaps it is consumers who are the main victims because they are buying poor-quality goods which won’t last long.
3
Choose the correct option. 1 What do the gold watch and the silk shirt have in common? a They cost the same. b They’re exclusive products. c They’re not genuine. 2 Nearly half the people in the UK... . a buy fake goods b don’t buy fake goods c would consider buying fake goods 3 The production of fake designer goods is bad news for... . a consumers and governments only b governments and companies only c governments, companies and consumers 4 Which of these is a reason why the manufacture of fake goods will increase? a Customers like them. b It’s not a priority for the police to stop them. c It’s difficult to produce fake goods which look genuine.
44
In the end, it could be argued that the counterfeiters are simply giving customers what they want. And isn’t that the basis of any successful business? This may sound rather cynical. However, if you saw a pair of Levi’s or Nike trainers selling for an incredibly low price, what would you do?
5 The makers of false goods... . a have a revolutionary business model b can be considered similar to all prosperous companies c are cynical 4
Complete the sentences with the words from the text in the box. More than one answer is possible. bargain labelling counterfeit packaging fake goods brand names 1 Can you read the … on this jumper? The writing’s too small for me. 2 It’s impossible to distinguish some … products from the real article. 3 If you paid £60 for those jeans, I don’t think that you got a … . 4 You have to admit that the manufacturers of … products show great skill in imitating big … . 5 The … on the outside is very impressive, but the product is terrible! 6 Cheap ... are rarely good value for money.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
4
LANGUAGE STUDY 6
Expressing sympathy
Choose the option which is best. 1 I need a plastic bag / a bag made of plastic . 2 This window is of beautiful glass / made of beautiful glass . 3 I’ve got some fantastic new leather shoes / fantastic new shoes made of leather . 4 The keys are in the metal box / the box made of metal . 5 Is that a shirt of cotton / cotton shirt ?
Para expresar empatía podemos usar How … , That’s … or That must have been … seguido de un adjetivo: How / That’s / That must have been dreadful! / terrible! / awful! / upsetting! / rotten! También se puede usar: I’m so sorry for you / to hear that. I can’t tell you how sorry I am for you! You must be very upset about that. see page 119 1 36
1 What bad luck! 2 I’m terribly sorry! 3 I’m sorry to hear that. 4 You must be very upset about that. 2 37
Describing objects (3)
You are going to hear six short dialogues. Identify the expressions below that you hear in each one. Two of them are not used.
Cuando tenemos varios adjetivos delante de un nombre, el orden es: 1 determinante (those) 5 forma (round) 2 opinión (lovely) 6 color (dark brown) 3 tamaño (small) 7 nacionalidad/origen (Swiss) 4 edad (modern) 8 material (wooden) A stylish black and white silk shirt. Those lovely small modern Swiss gold watches.
5 How upsetting! 6 How dreadful! 7 How rotten! 8 That must have been awful!
When we express sympathy, we use a wide range of intonation. Listen and decide if sympathy is expressed correctly ( 3) or not ( 7).
see page 119 7
1 a / car / new / red / big 2 shirts / silk / expensive / five 3 house / a / modern / typical / brick / small 4 boxes / four / square / large / cardboard 5 ball / leather / new / yellow / a / round / nice 6 toys / wooden / lovely / old / six / brown / small
1… 2… 3… 4… 5… 6… 3
Practise saying the expressions of sympathy in activity 1 with the correct intonation.
4
Write an expression of sympathy for each situation. Do not use the same expression more than once. Then, act them out.
8
1 I’ve broken my new camera! 2 I’ve just realised that these jeans are fake! 3 I had to wait for an hour at the checkout yesterday! I’ve broken my new camera! 5
Answer the questions. 1 Can you think of three types of products that often come in packaging made of cardboard? And made of plastic? 2 What information on the labelling would you look at if you bought a shirt? 3 Do you often buy any particular big brand names? Which ones? Why? 4 Have you got any expensive designer goods? How much did they cost? 5 Can you think of five famous logos? 6 Have you ever bought merchandise that you knew was fake? If so, what and why? 7 What is the best bargain you have ever got?
How dreadful!
Tell each other about other unfortunate situations and react with sympathy.
Describing objects (2) Usamos made of para decir de qué material está hecho un objeto: Both products must be fake and made of low-quality materials. También podemos utilizar el nombre del material como adjetivo delante del nombre: a silk shirt, a leather jacket, a cotton dress ( but: a wooden chair) Fíjate: también se puede decir a shirt made of silk .
Put the words in the correct order.
9
Discuss your answers with a partner. Can you think of three types of products that often come in packaging that’s made of cardboard?
Umm... light bulbs, breakfast cereal and computers.
see page 119
THAT’S ENGLISH!
45
Shopping
CONSOLIDATION 1
Tick (3) the information you usually look for when you buy packaged food. 1 the date 2 the ingredients
2
3 the calories 4 the country of origin
5 the quantity of fat
Match the sentences (1-4) to the beginning of each paragraph (a-d). 1 ‘Best before’ is information for the consumer about food quality. 2 A lot of food is being wasted every year. 3 Depending on the product, food is given different types of date. 4 In the world today, 870 million people don’t have enough to eat.
Don’t always believe what the date says!
3
a
At the same time, households in Britain are throwing away over 8 million tons of food and drink every year. This often happens because the products have gone past the date on the labelling. However, the reality is that over half of these groceries could still be eaten. So, what does the labelling on food products really mean?
b
‘Display until’ and ‘sell by’ mean that shops must stop selling a product after this date. This is why supermarkets often offer groceries at bargain prices on the days immediately before their sell by date. However, although stores have to stop selling it, food will still be OK for a couple of days after this date if you keep it in your fridge. What’s more, products like pasta or rice are safe to eat for weeks or months after their ‘sell by’ date!
c
It means that the taste or texture of a product may not be optimum after a particular date. Research has shown that more than 50% of consumers throw food away when this date has passed, even though there is nothing really wrong with it. The ‘use by’ date is much more important. Meat, fish and ready-prepared meals are the kind of products which have this description. Official organisations advise consumers never to eat food that has passed its ‘use by’ date, even if it looks OK, as it might be a health risk.
d
We are throwing away masses of perfectly good food because the message on the labelling is so unclear. In a world where millions of people go hungry every day, this situation cannot continue. Governments must change the policy on food labelling – now!
Answer the questions in your own words. 1 Why do many households in Britain make a mistake? 2 When are products sold cheaply? 3 Can you eat a product after its ‘sell by’ date? Explain your answer.
4
Match the type of label (1-3) to the comments (a-c). 1
2
DISPLAY UNTIL
24 JUL Keep refrigerated below 5°
46
4 Why is the ‘use by’ date more important than the ‘best before’ date? 5 What action must be taken?
ORGANIC
3
Best before:
Thin Slice Beef
10 AUG
USE BY: 7 MAY
store in a cool dry place
Keep refrigerated at 0°C - 4°C
a Store manager: ‘Look at the date! We need to reduce the price on these products now.’ b ‘Hmm, this cake is a bit hard. It’s past the date.’ c ‘You can’t eat that! It could be dangerous! Look at the date on the label.’
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5 38
6 38
What type of information on the label would you read before you bought the following products? Discuss with a partner.
8
Listen to an interview with Diane Parker, who is a nutritionist. Match the pictures (1-4) to the words (a-d).
Do the questionnaire. Then compare your answers with your partner by asking each other questions.
Do you shop healthily? Are the following statements true for you? Write yes or no. Be honest! Then check your score.
3
1
4
3 I
never buy precooked food.
3 I
never buy food with artificial preservatives.
3 I
buy my fruit and vegetables at a market.
3 I
only buy organic food.
3 I
always buy virgin olive oil.
3 I
only buy food produced in my own country.
3 I
always make my own salads fresh; I don’t buy prepared salads.
4
2
! e v o r p m i o t d e e n u o y , t ’ n d i d u o y f I . y l i h t l a e h p o h s e K u o y s n o i t s e u q e r o m r o e v fi o t ' s e r e w s n a u o y f I : y e y ‘ d
Do you ever buy precooked food?
a plastic packaging b natural products c marketing message d chemicals with long names 1…
7
2…
3…
Yes, sometimes. What about you? 9
4…
about after butcher’s department store fishmonger’s greengrocer’s instance in my view I would say mean see stuff
Listen again. Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
(1) ... that I shop healthily. For (2) ... , I always shop at my local (3) ... for fruit and vegetables, at the local (4) ... for meat and at the (5) ... for delicious fresh fish. I (6) ... , why go to a huge hypermarket, and buy food that tastes like plastic when you can get good-quality (7) ... locally? I try to get organic fruit and vegetables when I can. You (8) ... , they say that they’re healthier, don’t they? (9) ... , it’s important to think carefully about the food you buy. (10) ... all, if you don’t take care of your health, who will?
38
1 The interviewer asks what we should look for on labels. 2 Diane’s favourite foods have labels on them. 3 Diane thinks that processed food can be excellent. 4 It’s important to look at what is written on the packaging. 5 Using big letters on packages is often a marketing strategy. 6 All foods contain chemicals with long names on them, but it’s not important. 7 You should avoid foods with lots of sugar or artificial sugar substitutes.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Complete the description with the words and phrases from the box. There are two which you will not need.
10
Write a brief description of how you shop for food. I would say that I shop quite healthily…
47
SELF TEST 1
UNIT
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and a modal verb to express certainty or possibility about the past. 1 I … (buy) a shirt that’s fake, but I’m not sure yet. 2 That car is fantastic! You … (pay) a fortune for it! 3 You ... (read) the label very carefully – these sausages are past their sell by date! 4 John ... (do) the shopping – the fridge is full! 5 The butcher’s ... (close) – but could you pop down and see if they’re still open?
2
4
7
8
In my (1) ... , the problem with (2) ... goods is that it’s very easy to make (3) ... versions of them. It may seem like you’re getting a great (4) ... when you buy something (5) ... , but you’re really buying very poor-quality (6) ... . After (7) ... , no one is going to sell you a genuine Rolex watch, (8) ... , for only £10. Obviously, it (9) ... genuine.
9
5
Make two compound nouns with each noun. 1 ... card
48
2 ... bag
3 shop ...
4 window ...
Listen to the conversation. Which topics do the speakers talk about?
39
a brand names b shopping online c paying by credit card d packaging e having shopping delivered
checkout good value for money groceries locally popping out queue up shopping stuff 1 I get very impatient when I stand in line for a long time. 2 I do most of my shopping near my house. 3 I think that my local shops are not expensive. 4 I only buy good-quality things. 5 I like going out for a short time to the local shops. 6 I buy food a few times a week.
Complete the text with the words or phrases from the box. There are four that you will not need.
all bargain can’t be counterfeit designer everything fake for instance have merchandise must offer view
a how sorry I am for you. b to hear that. c rotten! d been awful! e bad luck! f very upset about that.
Replace the underlined words or phrases with the appropriate items from the box. You will not need two of them.
Put the words in the correct order. 1 a / cat / large / black 2 rings / round / five / metal 3 car / old / nice / German / a 4 cream / some / round / cakes / delicious / big 5 a / new / huge / Chinese / fantastic / shopping centre
Match the beginning and end of the expressions of sympathy. 1 That must have... 2 You must be... 3 I can’t tell you... 4 What... 5 That’s... 6 I’m sorry...
Choose the correct option. 1 That’s a beautiful paper plane / plane made of paper! 2 This building is of glass / made of glass. 3 Have you got any plastic spoons / spoons made of plastic? 4 That’s a fine brick wall / wall of brick.
Write the word that matches the definition. 1 You buy fruit and vegetables there. 2 You buy fish there. 3 It’s like a supermarket, but bigger. 4 A person who has a shop. 5 A special area where a lot of shops are concentrated. 6 The place where you pay at the supermarket.
3
6
4
10 39
Listen again. Choose the correct option. 1 She went to the local shops / bought food on the Internet . 2 He usually does / doesn’t usually do the shopping online. 3 The shopping is going to arrive on time / late for the meal. 4 They are going to give his parents a cheese sandwich / a decent lunch .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5
The music industry S E V I T C E J B O
· To talk about music and its effect · To give information about musical preferences
A Rock on! 4
BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
1 rock and roll 2 classical music 3 rap 4 soul 5 jazz
Can you name the musical instruments in the photos below? 1
2
3
4
5
5
1 d…
2 c...
3 s...
4 k…
5 b… g…
Answer the questions.
1 What kind of music does Silvia play?
2 Why did Silvia leave the rehearsal?
6
AFTER YOU WATCH
Complete the sentences.
Listen to the speakers talking about their musical tastes in the past and present. Write changed (CH) or not changed (NC) next to each speaker. 1
3
6 rhythm and blues 7 reggae 8 blues 9 rock
1 Ben writes the music and Tom writes the ... . 2 Silvia thinks the ... of the song needs something. 3 Ben wants to add a ... track. 4 Ben thinks Silvia might attract bigger ... at the gigs. 5 Tom thinks that Silvia knows how to ... an audience. 6 Ben thinks they should make a music ... and put it on Youtube.
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Which type of music is not mentioned?
2
3
4
5
Complete the sentences with the names of the characters.
1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5... Ben
Bill
Tom
Silvia
1 … is looking for a musician who can play bass guitar and looks good on stage. 2 … has a gig in two weeks. 3 … used to play bass guitar in a group that played Elvis songs. 4 … knows the owner of the Dorset club. 5 … plays guitar and keyboards. 6 … can play the bass guitar, saxophone and clarinet. 7 … has listened to the mp3 tracks and learnt the bass guitar parts.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
NOW YOU! 7
Do you play a musical instrument? If you could learn to play one, which instrument would you choose? I had piano lessons when I was younger, but I never learnt to play very well. I stopped going to classes when I was about 12. If I could choose another instrument, I would like to learn how to play the guitar...
49
The music industry
READING 1
Which of these opinions do you most agree with? 1 Illegal downloading of music is stealing and should be punished. 2 Downloading music should be made legal.
2
Read the blog entries. Match the person (1-4) to the text (a-d).
40
1 teenage music lover 2 Internet music company representative
3 songwriter 4 performer
http://www.musiclovers.com
Music views forum: free music? Do people have a right to free music? What’s your view? a John. The problem with illegal downloading is that we don’t receive anything for our music. Composing a song is the same as writing a book. Who owns these creations? Our intellectual property is being stolen, and this is threatening the future of the music industry. We need to earn money like everyone else, so if we don’t get any income from our music, we obviously can’t continue to write. b Sammy. I download music and I don’t think it is really stealing. I’m only 16, and I can’t afford to buy albums at the ridiculous prices they charge. I suppose if I couldn’t download music for free I would listen to less. I’m still happy if someone gives me an iTunes voucher or a paid subscription to Spotify for a bir thday present, at least the cost is reasonable and the variety of music they have is wider than in a record store. Sometimes I’ll download a track from a new band and, if I like it, I’ll buy the whole album. c Theresa. Wake up to the real world! The traditional model of selling albums and singles as CDs or vinyl records can no longer compete with modern technology. The number of albums made each year is increasing, which proves that the industry is growing rather than disappearing. The music industry needs to see that the music websites are not the enemy — we’re an opportunity. How much do people pay us for our services? Maybe less than buying a record, but nowadays people not only buy music online, but pay for our music streaming services, or buy tickets via the web to watch gigs. Musicians need more business sense that will help them to combine record sales with streaming, merchandising and concert tickets. d Bob. I have two options: I can sell an album, or I can give my fans the opportunity to listen to my music through streaming. Which is better? In financial terms the result is similar. I get one payment for an album that I sell, but every year I get a smaller amount from each time my record has been listened to. After a number of years this yearly amount will give me the same income. I’m also investigating the possibilities of allowing my gigs to be streamed live.
3
Answer the questions. 1 What does John think about the future of the music industry? 2 Why doesn’t Sammy buy many records? 3 According to Sammy, how are music websites better than traditional record stores? 4 According to Theresa, how can musicians make money apart from selling their music? 5 Does Bob get the same amount of money from selling an album and streaming his music?
50
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
4
Rewrite the words in bold with words and expressions highlighted in the text. My favourite (1) song on that (2) CD is Yesterday . In fact, I also have (3) LPs from the Beatles from 40 years ago! I like to have music of my own, so I collect all kinds of versions, studio recordings and (4) concert recordings. I’m not interested in (5) putting music on my computer or any of these (6) listen online services. Real (7) admirers respect the (8) right to own a work of the songwriter’s and contribute by buying songs legally.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 41
41
Listen. Notice how following phrases. 1 cheese and onion 2 rock and roll 3 rhythm and blues
and
6 Last night we went to the club. They play jazz music in the club. 7 The year was a great experience. I lived in Germany that year.
is pronounced in the 4 bed and breakfast 5 fish and chips
Non-defining relative clauses: who, whose, which, where, when
Listen and repeat. Sometimes we also write these expressions with ‘n’ or & .
- Sirven para añadir información adicional sobre algún elemento de la oración. The singer, who comes from my town, has been very successful this year. The band, whose guitar player was Spanish, split up last month. I have lots of old vinyl records, which I never play . He was born in Texas, where he lived for 15 years. They made an album last year, when punk was almost unknown. - Recuerda que en las non-defining relative clauses no se puede omitir el pronombre relativo, no pueden llevar that y siempre aparecen entre comas. see page 120 3
The concert, (1) … took place in the National Concert Hall, was full of young and old music lovers. As the conductor, (2) … was very young, came on stage the audience stood up and applauded. The first piece was an unusual version of the well-known Garden Sonata , (3) … I had never heard performed live before, but then the music was less interesting. In the second half, (4) … I was just beginning to feel bored, the soloist, Mark Harris, (5) … is a newcomer to the concert scene, delighted us all with his singing. In the end, we left the concert hall feeling impressed and I hope that this place, (6) … many young artists have started, will continue to provide such talented performances.
Defining relative clauses: who, whose, which, that , where, when - Sirven para identificar personas, cosas, lugares o momentos. There’s the boy that / who plays the violin. This is the singer whose songs I really like. I get one payment for an album that / which I sell. Do you remember the concert where we met Harry? That was the year when Joe made his first record . - Recuerda que who, which y that pueden omitirse cuando actúan como objeto de la oración de relativo. The variety of music ( that / which ) they have is wider.
Complete the text with the correct relative pronoun.
4
Add information to the sentences (1-6) with clauses (a-f). Use a relative pronoun and commas.
see page 120 2
Join the sentences using a relative pronoun. Omit the pronoun if possible. 1 We listened to a hip hop track. We hadn’t heard it before. We listened to a hip hop track we hadn’t heard before . 2 Adele is the famous British singer. Her songs are heard all over the world. 3 The shop opened last week. The shop sells headphones. 4 I downloaded the song. We heard the song on the radio yesterday. 5 I bought the iPod online. The iPod doesn’t work.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
1 There are some great songs on that album, which was written by a 15-year-old boy . 2 SUN record company has closed. 3 Bruce Springsteen is on tour. 4 I bought an album from a street singer. 5 Sales of vinyl records are now increasing. 6 He wrote that opera in 1754. a gave me a T-shirt as well b I worked there for 10 years c was written by a 15-year-old boy d his new album has just been released e had decreased last year f he was living in Vienna
51
The music industry 5
Complete the table with the words from the box.
7
1 Keith Richards bought the record company. Who bought the record company? 2 The band sold half a million records. 3 He’s bought the second album. 4 The guitarist writes the best tracks. 5 I prefer U2 to the Rolling Stones. 6 The most-watched music video was Thriller . 7 1,000 people went to the gig.
beat CD player gig headphones lyrics iPod speakers MP3 player music video rhythm soundtrack stereo tour tune devices for playing music
where / when music is played
Write questions for the underlined answers.
elements of music
rhythm
6
Complete the sentences with words from activity 5. 1 The … for the film Notting Hill is more popular than the film itself. 2 When I listen to foreign music I never understand the … but I can appreciate the … . 3 An … is a type of MP3 player made by Apple. 4 The Corrs are on … this month. Are you going to their … in Madrid? 5 Before digital records we all had a … in the living room to listen to our vinyl records. 6 The … for my iPod are not working. I can’t hear anything. 7 A characteristic of reggae music is the unusual … which has the main stress on the second and fourth … .
8
Listen to Jane and Alan talking about st reaming music. Answer the questions.
42
1 Who has just released an album? 2 Is the MusicShare service free? 3 How can people share music they like? 4 What music does Mike like? 5 What is the problem with the MusicShare website?
Object and subject questions
What / Which
- Podemos utilizar what , who, which, whose y how many , para preguntar por el objeto de una oración. ‘ What music style do you prefer ?’ ‘(I prefer) pop and hip hop.’ Recuerda que estas preguntas necesitan un verbo auxiliar (do, have, is, etc.). - Además, también podemos utilizar what , who, which, whose y how many para preguntar por el sujeto de una oración. ‘Who wrote some of the Beatle’s songs?’ ‘John Lennon did .’ ‘How many people have bought the album?’ ‘Thousands have.’ ‘Which soundtrack will win a Grammy?’ ‘The one from the Disney film will.’
- Se usa what para preguntar por objetos y situaciones cuando la respuesta está abierta a muchas opciones. What is your favourite song? What happened next?
Fíjate que en estos casos hacemos la pregunta sin auxiliar. Compara: Who did you phone? (objeto) Who phoned yesterday? (sujeto)
- Se utiliza which para preguntar entre un número limitado de posibilidades. Which song do you like on the new album? Which musician in the band plays best? see page 121
9
Interview your partner about buying and listening to music. Prepare some questions. Use question words Who , What , Which , How much , How many, etc.
How do you buy music? Do you download tracks?
I usually buy online, but I sometimes buy CDs from record stores.
see page 120
Which record stores have the best offers?
52
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5
B Making music That’s Britain!
BEFORE YOU WATCH
4
Documentary 1
Match the photos of different ways of listening to music (1-5) to the words (a-e). 1
2
3
4
a mp3 b record player c smartphone
5
1 The amazing sculpture, the Angel of the North, is made of iron. 2 The Gateshead Millenium Bridge is used by pedestrians and cyclists to cross the River Tyne. 3 People tend to give Matthew the busker the same amount of money. 4 Many famous bands and musicians like Sting or Dire Straits come from Newcastle. 5 There is a very good live music scene in Newcastle. 6 Cath and Phil play rock music.
d cassette player e CD player
That’s Britain! 2
Tick (3) the sentences which are true for you. 1 I never give money to performance artists or buskers in the street. 2 I enjoy listening to live music in pubs. 3 In my town/city there are a lot of venues where you can listen to live music.
Same language, different lives 5
Documentary Choose the correct option. 1 The normal place to buy recorded music at the beginning of the 21st century was on line / in a shop . 2 Between 2000 and 2010 sales of CDs fell by over 70% / 17% . 3 Emma says that more / less than half of music sales today are digital. 4 Changes in the music industry have some disadvantages / advantages for musicians. 5 Charlotte doesn’t use / uses social media to promote her music. 6 Charlotte’s fans helped her by buying her album / funding her website in advance. 7 Emma / Charlotte is more optimistic about the future of the music industry.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the speakers talking about their country’s contribution to the history of music. Answer the questions. 1 Which instrument does the speaker from Scotland mention? 2 Which American singer influenced The Beatles and The Rolling Stones? 3 Which famous band comes from New Zealand? 4 Which type of music is traditional in Australia? 5 Which type of music originated in Ireland? 6 Which famous reggae singer came from Jamaica?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3
Are the sentences true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
NOW YOU! 6
What type of music is popular in your country? When people think of Spain they think of flamenco music. However, there are other types of music which are very popular. For example, in Galicia people like Celtic music...
53
The music industry
READING 1
Look at the pictures. What kind of music do you think the reviews will be about?
2
Read the reviews. What are they about? Tick (3) 1, 2 and/or 3.
43
Paragraph
a
b
c
d
1 classical music 2 pre-recorded music 3 live music
a
Wise up Ghost is an album created by Elvis Costello and the hip hop band The Roots. Surprising? Yes, but it’s a fantastic result. Elvis may be a newcomer to hip hop, but he has worked in many different genres; blues, punk, and reggae, and here he shows that he is at home playing cross-genre music. As always, Costello combines the old with the new. On occasion, the listener will think, ‘Where have I heard those lyrics from?’ as they hear songs about social and political issues. The Roots’ drummer, Questlove, maintains a solid, sometimes intricate beat which, together with Costello’s powerful vocals, makes this album not just good, but great. b
Last stop, Hyde Park. The Rolling Stones completed their recent tour with an incredible concert in London. Vocalist, Mick Jagger, performed with his characteristic energy, despite being nearly 70 and even the guitarist, Keith Richards, famous for his misbehaviour on tour, seemed to move with more agility and control than ever. Although the Stones are multimillionaires, they continue to perform in concert. What are they doing this for? It may be because touring provides more income than record sales nowadays, and they have a business to run that employs thousands of people producing their shows. But perhaps it’s just because they love performing! c
Superstar Elton John’s 30th studio album, The Diving Board, is very minimalist. Many of the songs feature only piano, bass and drums. The songs are deeper than his mainstream pop material. Who do they remind us of? Maybe early seventies Neil Diamond or even Tom Waits. The slide guitars and female backing vocals on some tracks take you back to 1974. His co-writer, Bernie Taupin, has shown his ability to tell stories again, taking ideas from books such as The Ballad of Blind Tom or the biography of Oscar Wilde. Great stuff! d
This is the first CD to be published by the new Academy of Ancient Music record label. It is an interesting compilation of the form used by 18th century composers — the symphony. It covers all kinds of classics, from Handel to Haydn, each track beautifully conducted by AAM’s musical director Richard Egarr. My favourite track is Haydn’s Symphony No 49 in F minor, La Passione, a beautiful piece from a composer who is considered to be the father of the symphony.
3
Decide if the statements are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Elvis Costello has often produced hip hop albums. 2 The lyrics on Wise up Ghost are about problems in society. 3 Keith Richards is famous for behaving badly when he travels. 4 Bernie Taupin writes the tunes and the lyrics for Elton John’s songs. 5 The Academy of Ancient Music has produced several albums of classical music. 6 The reviewer’s favourite track on the album was composed by Richard Egarr.
54
4
e n i l n o (
Match the words from each column to make another word. 1 new 2 main 3 super 4 cross 5 multi
5
) e c r u o s
a millionaire b genre c comer d stream e star
Match the words from activity 4 to the definitions. 1 a very rich person 2 a very famous person 3 typical or normal style 4 mixing two styles 5 a person who has just started in an activity
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
Listen to these examples of words with prefixes and notice the stress.
5
Put the words from the box in the correct column.
44
1 minibus 2 superstar 3 misbehaviour 2
Mark the main stress on these words. 1 multimillionaire 2 megastar 3 postgraduate
4 discontent 5 interaction 6 misconduct
45
Listen and check.
3
Match the prefix (1-8) with its meaning (a-h).
music styles
musicians
instruments
Questions with prepositions
x fi e r P
1 sub2 tele3 auto4 mis5 post6 ex7 dis8 co-
En una pregunta con pronombre interrogativo y preposición, esta se coloca al final. Where have I heard those lyrics from? What are they doing this for ? Who do you listen to? Who do they remind us of ?
(subdivision, submarine) (telecommunications, telemarketing) (autobiography, autoimmunity) (misunderstand, misfortune) (post-production, post-war)
see page 121
(ex-husband, ex-president) (dislike, disapprove)
6
Write questions for the underlined answers.
(co-owner, co-worker)
a wrong / bad b self / without help from others g c under n i n d together / with a e e former M f not / negative g after h from a distance
4
backing vocalist bassist blues cello composer conductor drummer guitarist tambourine hip hop keyboard orchestra trombone punk reggae slide guitar soul symphony violin heavy metal
4 co-author 5 disadvantage
1 I’m thinking about my next holiday. What are you thinking about? 2 I use my iPod for listening to music on the bus. 3 The lyrics are about social problems. 4 The song was written for the princess. 5 I am interested in electronic music. 7
Complete the sentences with words from activity 3. 1 The … of the USA has just written his … about his time as a politician. 2 James, who together with his brother, is the … of a music production company, has decided to create a … of the business dedicated to music streaming. 3 Justin’s new album has had problems with the … of the music after the initial recording. He has had the … to work with people who don’t appreciate his talent. 4 It’s so annoying when … workers phone in the evening to sell you something.
Talk to your partner about the music you listen to when you are doing different activities. For example: when you are studying when you are doing sport when you are out at night when you are having a meal with friends
When I’m studying , I prefer to listen to classical music. I can concentrate better.
8
Well, I listen to reggae when I’m doing sport. It helps me feel more active.
Write ten questions that you would like to ask your favourite band / singer if you could interview them. When did you start playing / singing?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
55
The music industry
CONSOLIDATION 1
Listen to these three pieces of music. Do any of these words describe how you feel when you are listening?
46
frustrated relaxed
sad aggressive
happy inspired
angry enthusiastic
2
Which style of music do you associate with these feelings?
3
Read and answer the question. Who does music therapy help?
Music therapy Music is an important part of most people’s lives. Everyone listens to music at some time or other because it is all around us. Most people would also agree that music affects them emotionally in some way. We use music for celebrations; we use it to relax or to cheer us up when we are feeling sad. The power that music has over human emotion makes it a very effective therapeutic tool. Music therapy is an established profession within medicine, and there are now more than 600 registered music therapists at work in the UK. This kind of therapy is used to treat a range of different psychological problems, such as attention deficit, dementia or autism. Jonas was born blind and was diagnosed with autism at the age of four. Although he couldn’t communicate with others in a conventional way, he did respond to music. His parents and teachers discovered that he could sing perfectly in tune and had a natural ability to play musical instruments. Music has helped him to begin communicating verbally and to cope with social situations. He can even perform in front of large audiences without the anxiety that autistic people often feel.
4
Answer the questions. 1 What do we use music for in our lives? 2 Which professionals help people with music? 3 Who had physical as well as mental problems? 4 What talent did Jonas have? 5 What kind of music helped Bobby? 6 Which music does Theresa remember?
5 47
56
energetic creative
What do you think experts have discovered about music and consumers? Choose the option that you think is correct.
frightened
Bobby had a difficult childhood, which led to misbehaviour and showing disinterest in school in his teens. When he joined a drumming group, he began to relieve his frustration by beating on a drum and found more peace with himself. He’s thinking of returning to study now with more confidence and self-esteem. Theresa suffers from dementia and is often aggressive when she becomes disorientated. She doesn’t remember the music classes from one week to the next, but she can sing songs from her youth and is much more relaxed. So, music has that capacity to bring us together, make us feel part of a whole that is beyond any intellectual or social capacities. You don’t need to be a superstar to enjoy music because, more often tha n performing, it involves communication, interaction, listening, sharing and turn-taking. It gives people the opportunity to express themselves and relate to other people and it develops confidence in the ability to communicate with others.
1 Fast music in restaurants makes people … . a decide what we want to order more quickly b eat fast c order more food 2 Music in shops makes people … . a buy more b return to a shop to listen c consider buying specific products 3 Classical music makes people … . a feel they need more expensive products b choose what they want to buy more slowly c buy more romantic products
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
6
Listen to an extract from a radio programme and check your answers.
9
5
Talk to your partner about your list and explain why you get annoyed or not.
47
7
Listen again and answer the questions.
47
1 What kind of places do we hear background music in? 2 What product was sold better using French or German music? 3 What kind of music could be used to sell a sports car to a young person?
8
I hate the loud music in some clothes stores. I don’t want to shop there because I feel irritated.
I can’t stand listening to ringtone songs on public transport . It is so annoying .
What annoys you about music? Put these ideas in order from most annoying to least annoying. 1 loud music in clothes shops 2 loud music in bars 3 loud music from headphones on the bus / underground 4 ringtone songs on mobiles 5 buskers (street musicians)
10
I hate bars that have really loud music. You can’t have a conversation.
I agree. People should put their phones on silence.
Read the blog entry about a concert. Find words that are similar in meaning to: 1 big (3 words) 2 fantastic (3 words) 3 people watching a show (2 words)
The first rock concert I ever went to was with my mother! She took my sister and me to see a Mexican band in a football stadium. I had never been so excited in all my life. There were hundreds of people going in, huge screens and enormous speakers. Surprisingly, there were several generations in the audience so we were with other families and even small children. It felt like a giant version of the summer celebrations in my village. I can still remember when the band started playing and the incredible sound vibrating in my body. It was amazing as the whole crowd moved and sang together. It was really a special experience.
11
Write a blog entry about a moment in your life when you were affected by music: a special concert, a song on the radio, etc. Describe the music, the situation, and how you felt. blog
I will never forget the way I felt when I first saw my favourite rock band playing live at…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
57
SELF TEST 1
UNIT
of the band. The audience loved the show, (6) … they had been waiting for for so many years. They’re playing in Barcelona on the 15th, (7) … the tour ends.
Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are 5 extra words.
conductor composer drum soundtrack video headphones speakers play plays sings
4
Choose the correct option. 1 The band didn’t play any of their mainstream songs in their last concert. a We didn’t hear any of their famous songs. b We didn’t hear any of their original songs. 2 He is a newcomer to the business of music streaming. a He hasn’t streamed his music yet. b He hasn’t streamed his music before now. 3 I can’t sing in tune. a My singing sounds terrible. b I don’t know the right tune. 4 Salsa music has great rhythm for dancing. a Salsa music has a beat you can dance to easily. b Dancing to salsa music is good exercise. 5 The album is a live recording. a The album was made in the band’s home town. b The album was made in a concert.
3
Choose the correct option to complete the questions. 1 Who … an album last week? a did release b released c did they release 2 How many albums … ? a have the band produced b have produced c have produced the band 3 Which singer … last week? a you saw b did you see c did sing 4 Who … the ticket from? a bought John b did buy John c did John buy 5 What music … at the moment? a are you listening b are you listening to c you listen to
1 I’ve got some new … to use with my iPod when I travel on the bus. 2 The vocalist is excellent on this track. I love the way he … . 3 The orchestra has a new … who makes the players work very hard. 4 The film has an excellent … of blues and soul music. 5 I can’t remember the lyrics of the song, but I can … the tune. 2
5
5
Write the questions for the underlined answers.
Madonna is the Queen of Pop. The band earned £15 million last year. 55,000 people attended the concert. John wrote the third song on the CD. Mary sings like an opera star. Bruce Springsteen sang for more than three hours. 7 Rihanna has written all the songs on the new album. 1 2 3 4 5 6
6
Complete the words with an appropriate prefix. 1 Elton John and Bernie Taupin are … authors of the song Candle in the Wind . 2 The public … content is clear because there are many protests. 3 I think you have made a ... take so the answer is wrong. 4 During the … war period people worked for peace after the fighting. 5 … skirts are in fashion again this year, but they are very short!
Complete the text with a relative pronoun if necessary.
7
Listen to four people talking about their music preferences and complete the table.
48
The band, (1) … was playing in Spain for the first time, appeared on stage at 10 o’clock. The venue (2) … the gig took place was ideal, with great acoustics. Most of the music (3) … they played came from their new album. I really enjoyed the performance by the drummer, (4) … had incredible energy, but the bassist, (5) … was also excellent, provided the characteristic rhythm
58
style of music they like
when they listen to it
format they prefer
a b c d
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
6
At work S E V I T C E J B O
· To talk about qualities and experience for work and different careers · To report information about working conditions
A My perfect job BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
4
1 They are overworked. 2 They are unhappy about working extra hours. 3 They want a pay rise. 4 They are stressed. 5 They are understaffed.
Read and tick ( 3) the sentences you agree with. 1 Getting a well-paid job is the most important thing in life. 2 Job security is more important than salary. 3 There are too many people being sacked or losing their jobs in my country. 4 Working conditions are generally good in my country.
5
Answer the questions.
1 Why can’t Bob and Phil meet the delivery dates? 6
2 What does Julia offer Amy?
Answer the questions. 1 What does Julia think Amy’s manager is going to give her? 2 What does Amy’s manager think is her fault? 3 What will happen to Amy if she doesn’t improve? 4 What does the dispatch department tak e too long to do? 5 What are Phil and Bob doing to meet the delivery dates? 6 What does Phil think Mr Bradley couldn’t manage? 7 What happened to Naomi and Janice? 8 What does Phil think he might do?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the speakers talking about what is important about their work. Which two ideas are not mentioned? 1 possibilities for promotion 2 job satisfaction 3 earning money 4 personal satisfaction 5 people they work with 6 commitment and continuity 7 working with children 8 opportunities to travel
AFTER YOU WATCH 3
Decide if the following sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Mr Bradley thinks the real problem is Bob and Phil. 2 Amy thinks that customers are unhappy with the company’s service. 3 Amy thinks Mr Bradley will give her a good reference. 4 Julia offers Amy better working conditions. 5 Mr Bradley doesn’t want Amy to leave the company.
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Tick (3) the reasons why Bob and Phil are unhappy with their jobs.
NOW YOU! 7
What do you think the most important things are to have in a job? I think a good salary is the most important thing to have in a job. As well as a good salary, I also think working conditions are important...
59
At work
READING 1
What skills and qualifications are important if you want to find a good job? Put the ideas in order of importance for you. speaking English well having a university degree being prepared to move geographically
knowing a lot of computer applications being prepared to work for a low salary
2
Read the text and match the titles to the paragraphs.
49
1 Geographical changes in the world of work 2 Be alert and realistic about your future
3 A difficult professional and personal situation 4 The key to work success in the 21st century
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
3
1 Robert Shaw was surprised to lose his job. 2 Robert Shaw was confident about his future. 3 Robert Shaw’s old job had had a lot of good points. 4 Jobs are being outsourced to countries with certain characteristics. 5 Jobs such as decorator or electrician are not good options in the 21st century. 6 It’s best to remain optimistic in this new work environment. 4
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3 In today’s difficult … , it’s not realistic for … to ask for a large … . 4 Poor Moira is … new jobs because she has … .
Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
Complete the sentences with the highlighted words in the text. 1 India is a country with a … that is prepared to work for lower … . 2 In my opinion, one of the most important … in any job is … . Private … is much less important.
5
Choose the correct option. Use the text to help you. 1 I’ve been laid off / out because my job has been moved offshore / exterior . 2 I’m going to a job / recruitment agency to see if they can help me find a job. 3 It’s difficult to earn a living / life when a lot of jobs are being sourced out / outsourced . 4 I’m doing a lot of overtime / extra hours because we haven’t got enough staff at the moment. 5 This job pays well because you have to work unsocial time / hours . 6 If I were you, I would learn a trade / career like plumbing or carpentry.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
6
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
3 ‘We might see John.’ Mary said that they might see / might have seen John. 4 ‘I’m going to an interview.’ Clive said that he was going / went to an interview. 5 ‘We hadn’t heard about the new project.’ They said that they hadn’t heard / hadn’t had heard about the project. 6 ‘You’ve seen him three times.’ She says that I have / had seen him three times.
Listen to the different pronunciation of to before consonants /t/ and vowels /tu:/.
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1 He would have to start applying for jobs. 2 I’ll have to work for another 15 years. 3 He wasn’t sure how he was going to earn a living. 4 It is impossible to outsource these jobs. 2
Decide how to is pronounced in the following phrases. 1 2 3 4 5 6
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We need to analyse. They’ll have to examine. They’re going to reply. She wants to go. He’s unable to understand. We have to see.
4
1 She said, ‘I’ve been having some problems at work.’ She said that she … some problems at work. 2 They said, ‘We’ll look at the results.’ They said that they … the results. 3 He said, ‘I must make a phone call.’ He said that he … a phone call. 4 They said, ‘Your brother is being interviewed now.’ They said that my brother … then. 5 He said, ‘I have lost my job.’ He said that he … his job. 6 She said, ‘I could read when I was three years old.’ She said that she ... when she … three years old.
Listen, check and repeat.
Reported speech: statements - Cuando contamos lo que ha dicho alguien, hay dos posibilidades: Podemos reproducir sus palabras originales entre comillas. He said : ‘I can’t think about retiring for another 15 years.’ Podemos también emplear el estilo indirecto. He said that he couldn’t think about retiring for another 15 years.
- Cuando utilizamos el estilo indirecto, el verbo cambia a un tiempo anterior con respecto a la oración original. ‘ I’ m unemployed.’ She said that she was unemployed . ‘ I worked for a software company for over two years.’ He told us that he had worked for a software company for over 20 years.
5
- Además, si el verbo que introduce la afirmación está en presente, el verbo principal no cambia. ‘ I’ m 30 years old .’ Shirleysays that she’ s 30 years old .
6
Choose the correct option. 1 ‘I like my job.’ I said that I like / liked my job. 2 ‘I will go.’ She said that she will / would go.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Compare your answers with a partner. Do you know what the minimum wage is? Is it 1,000 euros?
see page 121
3
Read and answer the questions with your own ideas. 1 Do you know what the minimum wage in Spain is? 2 Did you get a pay rise last year? Were you happy with it? 3 Would you prefer to work for a small company or one with a large number of staff? Why? 4 What do you think the best perk is: private health insurance, flexitime or a company car? 5 What skills do you have? 6 What is a good salary in Spain today?
- Sin embargo, si hablamos de algo que sigue vigente, el tiempo verbal no cambia. ‘Many jobs are going o shore.’ He said that many jobs are going o shore.
- Algunos verbos modales tampoco cambian en estilo indirecto. ‘ I would like to change jobs.’ She said that she would like to change jobs. ‘You shouldn’t panic or take impulsive decisions.’ He said that you shouldn’t panic or take impulsive decisions.
Complete the second sentence with the correct tense to report the sentences.
7 52
No, it must be less than that.
Listen to Shirley talking to Mike about her new job. Put the points she mentions in the correct order. a the other people b work benefits
c the salary d what she does
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At work 8 52
following ten years would be to have a skilled workforce. He told reporters that (4) pay rises had been lower than the previous year. He said that (5) that had helped to make the country more competitive. He also announced that (6) the government would reduce politicians’ salaries in the coming year.
Listen again. Choose the correct option. 1 Shirley is surprised / angry when Mike asks her about the job. 2 Mike / Shirley thinks that the salary is a very important aspect of any job. 3 Sally is good at maths / foreign languages . 4 The staff are friendly / afraid of the boss . 5 Shirley finishes work at the same time every day / at different times , depending on when she starts . 6 Mike wants to change jobs / doesn’t think health insurance is a good perk .
The Minister for Finance said : ‘The job market is getting better ...’ 11
1 If you are laid off or are made redundant, it’s easy to feel depressed / get another job . 2 When you apply for a job, it’s important to prepare the interview well / wear a suit . 3 If I had to learn a new trade, I would probably choose something well paid / something vocational . 4 I would like to retire when I am 55 / have enough money . 5 Jobs are outsourced when companies want to save money / the economy is very strong . 6 The best way to earn a living is to work in the country / be a professional sportsperson . 7 Life can be difficult if you have to work unsocial hours because you never see your family / don’t get enough sleep . 8 The key to having a successful career is to always say yes to your boss / love what you do .
Reported speech: other changes - En estilo indirecto, con frecuencia es necesario cambiar pronombres y determinantes que hacen referencia a los interlocutores u otras personas: Shirley said , ‘I ’m happy that your new job is better than your old one.’ Shirley said that she was happy that my new job was better than my old one. - Los adverbios y expresiones de tiempo y lugar a menudo cambian también. Shirley said , ‘ I started the job last week .’ Shirley said that she had started the job the week before. Shirley’s boss said , ‘You need to be here early tomorrow morning.’ Shirley’s boss said that she needed to be there early the following morning. Reported speech: say and tell - En estilo indirecto utilizamos say cuando no especificamos a quién va dirigido el mensaje; utilizamos tell cuando sí lo especificamos. Shirley said that her boss was nice. Shirley told Mike that her boss was nice.
12
Discuss your answers with a partner.
13
Tom goes to a recruitment agency to get help finding a job. Answer the questions.
53
1 How long has Tom been without a job? 2 Why did Tom lose his job? 3 How many people were in Tom’s team? 4 How long did it take him to get to work? 5 Did Tom work in the mornings or afternoons? 6 Why is Tom happy at the end?
see page 122
9
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 Rachel said, ‘I can’t begin my new job until next Wednesday.’ 2 ‘I’ll read these emails later today,’ Miles’ boss said to him. 3 ‘We might not get a pay rise this year,’ Cathy said to Ian. 4 ‘You shouldn’t stay here much longer if you want to progress professionally,’ Gerry said to Josephine. 5 ‘My boss is going to invite us to his house next Saturday,’ Janet said.
10
Rewrite the text in direct speech.
The Minister for Finance said (1) the job market was getting better and (2) he hoped to announce better employment figures for the present month than for the previous month. He said that (3) the key to Britain’s economic success in the
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Choose the options you prefer or complete the sentences with your own ideas.
14
Choose the correct option. Then listen again and check.
53
1 How long have you been out of / from work now? 2 Did you have any particular problems in / at work? 3 I worked like / as a customer service consultant. 4 I worked on / in a team of five. 5 What was your place of / for work like? 6 It took me a long time to get / arrive to work. 7 And how long was your working day / timetable ? 8 ‘So, did you work flexitime?’ ‘No, we worked turns / shifts .’
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
6
B Homeworking BEFORE YOU WATCH
That’s Britain! 4
Documentary 1
Look at these two working environments. Which would you prefer to work in? Why?
2
Scotland is famous for its whisky. Which of the words below is not relevant to the whiskymaking process? 1 fermentation 2 malt 3 grapes 4 distillation
Complete the sentences with a number. 1 The whisky industry represents … of the Scottish economy. 2 The industry employs around … people directly. 3 Eddie has been working as a master distiller for … years. 4 Fermentation takes about … to … hours. 5 The whisky is matured for at least … years. 6 The whisky that Nigel tastes is … years old.
Same language, different lives 5
Listen to the speakers (1-8) and match them to the jobs (a-f) they mention. 1
3
5
7
2
4
6
8
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary 3
Choose the correct option. 1 People often feel stressed before they get to work because … . a they haven’t slept very well b they have an important meeting c they think they are going to be late 2 Emily has been working from home for ... . a under a year b just over a year c all her working life 3 ... of Emily’s work is on the computer. a 19% b 70% c 90% 4 The company likes homeworkers to come into the office at least ... a month. a once b twice c three times 5 Homeworkers can sit at a ‘hot desk’ which means they can sit ... . a near the radiator b near the windows c anywhere they like 6 One of the highest costs for companies is ... . a electricity b office space c water 7 For Emily, one disadvantage of working from home is ... . a the lack of social interaction b her colleagues have online access to her diaries and planners c she is always logged into Skype
THAT’S ENGLISH!
a rugby player b a job with less work and more money c engineer d a tour guide e a job in IT/computers f developing Internet apps 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 … 8 …
NOW YOU! 6
What would your perfect working environment be? I would love to work in an office, but I’d like my desk to be near a big window with a lovely view...
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At work
READING 1
In your opinion, which of the following qualities does a good boss need to have? be very strict smile all the time
2
be a good leader be very intelligent
be a good listener motivate people
Read the text. What three types of boss are mentioned?
54
and must be done now! They work very long hours ‘for the good of the company’, and have absolutely no work-life balance. In fact, very often they have almost no life outside work. Do you know the kind of person I mean? They’re workaholics and think about work all the time, even when they’re not at the office. With a boss like this, don’t be surprised if you receive emails at any time of the day or night, as they automatically expect that everyone else should show the same commitment as them.’
Good bosses and bad bosses They say that you can choose your friends but you can’t choose your family. However, there’s something else in your life that you can’t choose — your boss! Although each boss is unique, there are certain types that occur again and again. We asked human resources expert Nadine Carter if she could describe some of them to us. First of all, we asked her what the worst type of boss was. ‘There’s nothing worse than a boss who rules by fear. It’s easy to identify them: as soon as they walk into a room, everyone goes quiet! Another sign is that they fire employees very often — but not because staff are incompetent, or doing a job which is no longer necessary. Rather, they sack people to make the rest of the staff afraid of losing their jobs! Bosses like this expect their subordinates to accept orders without asking any questions. What’s more, they never delegate and want people to work under pressure all the time.’
Finally we asked Nadine if she had ever had a great boss. ‘When I first started working, I had a fantastic boss who was superb at motivating people. She created an atmosphere where absolutely everyone gave 100%. She treated all of us as individuals and we always got recognition if we had done something well. At the same time, if any of us made a bad mistake, she never criticised. Instead, she encouraged us to do better in the future. Of all the managers I’ve had, she was without doubt the best.’
Our next question for Nadine was: ‘What’s the most common type of boss?’ ‘Oh, that’s probably the boss who works like a s lave or, to use another expression, has a ‘spirit of sacrifice’. These people cannot prioritise — everything is urgent
3
Answer the questions. 1 How are bosses and friends different? 2 How can you identify bosses who manage through fear? 3 What does a boss who rules by fear expect from their employees? 4 Why do bosses who work like slaves have little personal life? 5 Why is it bad to work for a boss who has a ‘spirit of sacrifice’? 6 How did people work under the good boss?
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4
Look at the words from the box in the text. Find ... . commitment employees sack delegate fire work-life balance workaholic work under pressure recognition 1 two words that have the same meaning 2 three nouns / expressions that describe something positive 3 a noun that describes someone obsessed with work 4 a word with a similar meaning to ‘staff’ 5 two things that a good manager should be able to do
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
6
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 55
Remember that intonation rises ( ›) if we ask a yes/no question and it falls ( › ) if we ask a wh- question. Listen and repeat.
WRITING SECTION 4
1 Do you know the kind of person I mean? › 2 What’s the most common type of boss? › 2
Mark the questions with rising ( (› ) intonation.
›)
Read the letter of application. Match the paragraphs (a-e) with what they are about (1-5). 1 2 3 4 5
or falling
1 Where do you work? 2 Do you like your job? 3 How much would you like to earn? 4 Does she work outside?
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Dear Ms Radcliffe, a… I am writing to express my interest in the position of translator as advertised on the Jobworld website.
Now practise the questions.
b… As you can see from my attached CV, I am fluent in English, German and Spanish. Furthermore, I have four years’ experience as a freelance translator.
Listen and check.
c… I am very good at working under pressure and I am able to prioritise work and be flexible. In addition, I have sufficient commitment to work overtime and unsocial hours when this is necessary.
Reported speech: questions - En estilo indirecto, las preguntas tienen los mismos cambios que las oraciones afirmativas en cuanto a tiempos verbales y otras palabras clave. - En wh-questions se mantiene la partícula interrogativa. ‘What ’s the most common type of boss?’ We asked Nadine what the most common type of boss was. - En yes/no questions introducimos la pregunta con if o whether . ‘Have you ever had a great boss?’ We asked Nadine if she had ever had a great boss. - Las preguntas en estilo indirecto tienen la misma estructura que la oración afirmativa en inglés. We asked him where he worked .
d… I am very interested in working for your company because it will give me the chance to use my skills in a stimulating work environment. e… Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you would like to discuss my application further. Yours sincerely, Meryl Curtis 5
Complete the table with the highlighted expressions from the text in activity 4. Add more expressions for writing a job application letter.
see page 123
3
why she wants the job her professional skills and work experience closing the letter why she is writing her personal qualities
Rewrite the questions in reported speech. 1 ‘Am I going to have a new office?’ I asked my boss. I asked my boss if I was going to have a new office . 2 ‘Will you help me to prepare for the interview?’ I asked my older sister. 3 ‘What’s your boss like?’ I asked David. 4 ‘How many people have been fired at your company?’ Ruby asked me. 5 ‘Did your old company decide to outsource many jobs?’ Richard’s boss asked him. 6 ‘Where are we moving to?’ I asked my manager.
Introducing points
I am writing with reference to the vacancy for a ...
Describing experience
I am an experienced (+ noun) I have been working as a (+ noun) for ... years
Expressing ability
I can ...
Expressing interest
I would very much like to take up this position because ...
Asking for a reply
I look forward to hearing from you .
When we do not know the name of the person we are writing to, we begin the letter with Dear Sir / Madam and we end with Yours faithfully. 6
Write a letter of application for a job that you could realistically apply for. Structure the paragraphs in the same way as in the model in activity 4. Use the expressions highlighted in the letter.
see page 131
THAT’S ENGLISH!
65
At work
CONSOLIDATION 1
Which of the following things happened to you the last time you started a job?
2
It was stressful. You were told your responsibilities on the first day. You learnt a lot in the first few weeks.
You were introduced to all the staff. You had lunch with your boss on the first day.
Read the text. Match the person (1-4) to the job (a-d). 1 Patricia a teacher
THE
2 Harvey b computer programmer
3 Vicky c executive secretary
4 Craig d cook
WORK SITE
Starting a new job is never easy, and your first day at work can be memorable — and rather stressful! Tell us what you remember about that special day! Comments
Patricia, 2 hours ago I’d applied for a job as the personal assistant to the finance director at a big multinational company and they’d hired me, even though I didn’t have much work experience. Anyway, when I asked him what my responsibilities would be, he said that I had to manage his a genda and to make sure that he arrived on time to all his meetings. I’d expected that. But when he said that I would travel around Europe to go to meetings with him, it was a very pleasant surprise! Harvey, 10 hours ago I’ll never forget my first day at work. I’d got a job working in the kitchen of a bi g hotel. It was lunch time and everyone was running around. The head chef shook my hand and said I would need to learn to work under pressure. Looking at the others in the kitchen, I could see what he meant! I as ked him what I should do first, and he pointed to a huge pile of potatoes and said, ‘Peel those!’ But then he smiled _ he was only joking. I ended up helping the assistant chef the first few days and learnt a lot. Vicky, 1 day ago When I started work, the company was having its annual convention for all the staff in a hotel. It was a bit difficult as I didn’t know any of the other employees. However, as I listened to their conversations, I soon realised that things weren’t going well at the company. One of them said that t he company was thinking of outsourcing all the IT jobs to India, and that a lot of people might be laid off. That wasn’t very good news for me as I’m an IT specialist! Craig, 2 days ago I’ve been teaching in the same secondary school for 15 years now and I love it! But it wasn’t always like that. I was very tense at the beginning because I didn’t have the skills and experience to do the job, and the pupils noticed it. On my first day, one of them asked me in front of the rest of the class if it was the first time I had ever taught. It was a tricky question and I really didn’t know how to answer.
3
Choose the correct option. 1 Before she got her job as a personal assistant, Patricia ... . a had worked in several companies b had studied finance c hadn’t worked for long 2 Patricia was happy because ... . a her starting salary was excellent b the job description was much more interesting than she had thought c her boss was very nice 3 When Harvey arrived, ... . a the kitchen was very quiet b there was a lot of activity c everyone was peeling potatoes
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4 When he started his job, Harvey ... . a absorbed a lot of new information b worked with the head chef c learnt to work under pressure 5 The convention Vicky attended ... . a was a lot of fun b made Vicky worried c was a good chance to socialise with new colleagues 6 Craig’s first day was ... . a difficult b boring c not memorable
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
4
Do the job satisfaction questionnaire. Rate each aspect of your present or last job from 1 (not satisfied at all) to 5 (extremely satisfied).
7 57
Person 2 4 His mother was sure he had chosen the right career. 5 He doesn’t work on Sundays. 6 In reality, he is working all the time. 8
It’s a good job because you work in an office. Your boss is watching everything you do! His dad said that it was possible to earn a living in the job if you took care of the customers. Although there is a lot of job security, he’s afraid his job will be outsourced. The part he doesn’t like is when the weather’s very cold and he gets cold feet.
General climate at work Relationships with your co-workers Relationship(s) with your manager(s) GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS Hours worked each week Physical conditions where you work: amount of space, noise level, etc. Flexitime How long it takes you to get to work Number of days holiday a year
! b o j t h g i r e h t n i y l b a b o r p e r ’ u o y , 5 r o 4 e r a s r e w s n a r u o y f o t s o m f i , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O ! e n o r e h t o n a r o f g n i k o o l f o k n i h t y l b i s s o p d l u o h s u o y , b o j r u o y f o s t c e p s a e s e h t e g n a h c t o n n a c u o y f I ! k r o w t a s m e l b o r p s u o i r e s e m o s e v a h u o y , 2 r o 1 s i r e w s n a r u o y e r e h w e r o m r o e v fi e r a e r e h t f I . s r e w s n a r u o y t a k o o l , e r i a n n o i t s e u q e h t d e t e l p m o c e v a h u o y n e h W y e K
Compare your answers with a partner. What’s your overall score like?
Not bad . I’ve got mostly 3s and 4s. How about you?
Terrible! Nearly all my answers are 1s!
6
Really? Why’s that?
Listen to three people describing their job. Choose the correct job for each person.
57
1 a psychologist 2 a priest 3 a house painter
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the third person again. Underline five mistakes in the summary.
57
ATMOSPHERE AT WORK
5
Listen to the first two people again. Decide if the sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. Person 1 1 It’s a relaxing job. 2 Being fired is a real possibility. 3 She preferred his old job.
YOUR JOB General level of interest Opportunity to use your skills and talents Opportunity to take the initiative Opportunity to learn new skills Training provided Salary Opportunities for promotion Perks (health insurance, life insurance, etc.) Job security
6
b football coach c doctor b social worker c doctor b gardener c postman
9
Complete the CV with the information in the letter of application. 1 Name: ... 2 Work experience: ... 3 Relevant personal experience: ... 4 Personal qualities: ... 5 Reasons for applying: ...
Dear Sir, I am writing to express my interest in the position of football coach as advertised on the soccerjobs.com website. As you can see from my attached CV, I have four years’ experience as a coach in a third division team in Spain. Furthermore, I played football for Ohio State University when I was studying in the United States. I think that I am a good candidate for this position because I am very good at motivating others and I am able to get good results, as my time at Villanueva Football Club shows. I am very interested in working for your school because it has an excellent reputation and because I am sure that I can make a major contribution to its footballing success. Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you would like to discuss my application further. Yours sincerely, Luis Santiago 67
SELF TEST 1
Choose the correct option to report the sentences and questions. 1 ‘I like my job,’ said Tina. Tina said / told that she like / liked her job. 2 ‘They sacked a lot of people last year,’ Dan said to me. Dan said / told me that they have / had sacked a lot of people last year / the year before . 3 ‘I will apply for this job,’ said David. David said that he is going to / would apply for that / this job. 4 ‘Have you ever worked as a postman?’ I asked Bob. I asked Bob had he ever worked / if he had ever worked as a postman. 5 ‘Where is the meeting taking place?’ Polly asked me. Polly asked me where was the meeting / the meeting was taking place. 6 ‘Would you like to ask us any questions?’ the interviewer asked me. The interviewer asked me if I would like / would have liked to ask us / them any questions.
2
Rewrite the text changing the underlined words to direct speech.
When Helen came to the interview, they asked her (1) why she was a good candidate for the job. She said that (2) although she didn’t have any relevant experience, it had always been her dream to work in films. They then asked her (3) if she could show them some examples of her photography. She replied that she (4) hadn’t brought any but she would email some photos to them as soon as she got home.
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4
6
Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
perks staff insurance living shifts wages redundant retire apply at company skilled 1 I’ve been made ..., so I need to look for another job. 2 It’s difficult to earn a decent ... when ... are so low. 3 My job has lots of ..., such as health ... and a ... car. 4 I’m not going to ... for another job because I’m going to ... soon. 5 Our ... is excellent because we have a very ... workforce. 6 In general I’m happy ... work, but I don’t like working ... . 5
The words in bold in the text have been mixed up. Put them in the correct place.
A good (1) workaholic gives everyone in his team (2) pressure and obtains their full (3) balance. He is able to work under (4) commitment but he is not a complete (5) manager. On the contrary, he has a good work-life (6) recognition .
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 ‘I’m trying to get a job with flexitime,’ Brenda said to them. 2 ‘Who’s the boss in your department?’ I asked Jake. 3 ‘They might not outsource our jobs in the end,’ said Mike. 4 ‘Have we got a reply from them?’ I asked my personal assistant. 5 ‘I don’t think I’m going to earn much in my new job,’ said Irene. 6 ‘What would you have done if you hadn’t learned a trade?’ I asked my dad.
3
UNIT
6
Put the words in the correct order.
at / very / am / people / good / I / motivating work / am / start / immediately / to / I / able to / don’t / if... / me / hesitate / please / contact CV... / can / you / attached / my / see / as / from years’ / have / a / as / four / I / designer / experience 6 your / am / very / working / interested / company / in / for / I 7 express / writing / position / to / of... / in / the / am / my / I / interest 1 2 3 4 5
7
Listen to someone being interviewed about their job. What do you think it is?
58
8
Listen again and take notes. Write down: 1 two good points about the job 2 two bad points about the job 3 her conclusion
9
Write about the good and bad points of your current job or a job you had in the past. Use your answers to the questionnaire on page 67 to help you.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
7
Internet S E V I T C E J B O
· To discuss the positive and negative uses of the Internet · To report commands or requests
A The age of the Internet 2 This page looks great, but the … needs to look good on tablets and smartphones as well. 3 We can think about apps later. You know, the design is really nice – very … . 4 Yes, it’s easy to … . 5 Don´t forget, Simon, it needs to link into all the … such as Facebook and Twitter. 6 What tags do you want to put on the … ? 7 Let’s think of words that people might put into a … for local information.
BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
In what ways can the Internet be good for business? Put the ideas below in order of importance (1-4). You can advertise on social networking sites. You can contact clients more quickly. It’s cheaper than using a telephone. You can get a lot of information.
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
5
Answer the questions. 1 What does Simon have to give Jade every day? 2 What did Laura lik e about her home town’s website? 3 What two things does Jade want Laura to do for the website? 4 What does Jade think people find interesting on the website?
Answer the questions.
would Jade’s 1 What website provide for the community? 6
2 What did Laura’s friend think of Jade’s website?
Listen to the speakers (1-5) and match them to the advantages and disadvantages (a-e) of the Internet. 1
2
3
4
5
AFTER YOU WATCH 3
Complete the sentences with Laura (L), Bill (B) or Jade (J). 1 ... wants to know how they can get more customers in the café. 2 ... thinks that a lot of people shop online and this is bad for business. 3 ... thinks that advertising on the Internet might attract more customers to the café. 4 ... and ... don’t know how to advertise on the Internet.
4
a You can look up information quickly. b You have easy access to educational materials. c There are websites that are not appropriate. d You can share information. e You have less direct contact with people outside your home.
Complete the dialogue with the words from the box. social networks user-friendly navigate home page domain name website search engine
1 I’ve bought the … . There’s the URL.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
1 ...
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...
NOW YOU! 7
What are your favourite websites? Why do you like them? One of my favourite websites is a travel website where people write about places they’ve been and recommend what to do there, where to stay, where to eat etc. It’s a very attractive site as there are photos of the places…
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Internet
READING 1
What do you know about these Internet terms? Match the terms (1-5) with the examples or definitions (a-e). Read the text and check your answers. 1 URL 2 http 3 IP address 4 search engine 5 cookie
a 123.456.789.123 b a web page that has a database of web pages on the Internet c http://mecd.gob.org d a small file that helps your computer remember information you put on a web page e an example of a system that allows for transfer of information between computers
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 2
Read the text and answer the question. Does the writer think it is important to know how the Internet works?
59
Do we know how the Internet works? At school children now learn that the Internet is a network of interconnected networks. We connect to a server, which in turn connects us to other servers all over the world. Then we can access all kinds of information and services. However, many older people have learnt to use the Internet without any instruction. The reason for this is because it is userfriendly. The experts who have developed search engines and websites know that people need to find the process quick and easy or they simply won’t use it. Do we need to know that the URL of a site is made up of the protocol (e.g. http), the name of the host computer (e.g. mecd) and the extension (e.g. .org)? Not really. We just click on links or icons that tell us to register, pay, log in or download and the system does the rest. Very few people know how to create a web page, but we can certainly all use one! Of course, it is useful to know where you are going when surfing the Internet. For example, when you see .mx it means the website is from Mexico or .au is from Australia. This can help you narrow your search, but search engines are becoming more and more sophisticated and can anticipate your preferences
3
Answer the questions. 1 Why is it important for the Internet to be ‘userfriendly’? 2 How can we know where a website is from? 3 According to the text, what are the three main uses of the Internet? 4 What are cookies used for? 5 Why does the author compare the Internet to a television or a car?
4
Complete the sentences with the highlighted words in the text. 1 My brother spends all day on a social … called
70
from where you have browsed recently (using cookies) or the location of your PC, laptop or tablet. Each device has an IP address, which is a series of numbers that very few people actually remember, but means that the search engine knows which language or geographical area you might be interested in. Apart from giving us information or access to services, the Internet is widely used for communication. Through email, social networks, forums and blogs people can socialise, share things, advertise, protest and generally make or maintain contact with others all over the world. Most people haven’t a clue if they are using IP telephony or P2P networks; they just join a service with a click and start using it. In the end, it’s like using a television or a car — we don’t really need to know how it works, we just hope that it takes us where we want to go! And take it to the repair shop if it doesn’t.
LinkedIn and he writes comments on the … that the site has about Internet security. 2 My favourite … are Google and Yahoo. You can find … to millions of web pages there. 3 Be careful when you … files from a … you are not familiar with. You may get a virus on your PC. 4 He needs to … the university web pages to see his results, but he can’t … because he’s forgotten his password. 5 Last night I just went online and … the web to find holiday offers or interesting travel articles. 6 It is useful for small businesses to set up a … which will link their computers together.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
7
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
Listen to how the following are pronounced.
60
1@ 2 www 3 http
2
Say these addresses.
4 / 5 wi-fi 6 .com
1
www.google.com
2
http://english.uk
3
4 Order these steps to solve the problem. a Select wireless and network. b Create a hotspot with a password. c Go to settings. d Open the hotspot connection from your PC. e Select tethering and portable hotspot.
Expressing ignorance and asking for clarification - Para expresar que ignoramos algo se usa: ‘Do you know how to s end pictures by email?’ ‘Oh, I have no idea.’ ‘How do you download this document?’ ‘Sorry , I haven’t a clue.’ I don’t know how to use the phone.
[email protected]
61
Listen and repeat.
3
Talk to a partner and tell him/her the following.
- Para pedir aclaraciones se usa: Let me get this clear . First I click on this icon, don’t I? Can you tell me whether I need a password for this site? What exactly do you mean? I’m still not sure about the process.
1 your email address 2 your favourite website 3 your work / school website 4
Complete the text with the words from the box. see page 123
data provider
device gigabyte hotspot router settings smartphone tethering wireless
Wi-fi is a technology that allows you to connect your computer or (1) … to the Internet using a (2) … connection. At home, most people have a (3) …, which is a (4) … that is connected via the telephone line to a service (5) … . If you are in a public place, such as an airport, you may be able to connect to a wi-fi (6) … . This can be free, or you may have to pay. New smartphones also work as hotspots, so you can connect your computer to the wi-fi signal from your phone by changing the (7) … . This is called (8) … . But be careful, your phone contract may have a (9) … limit, so the transfer of (10) … may be slow, or not work at all. 5
Listen to the telephone conversation between Carol and Mel and answer the questions.
62
1 What problem does Carol have? 2 What is the solution to the problem? 3 Which person knows more about technology? 6
Listen again and answer the questions.
62
1 How should Carol send the documents to her boss? 2 When will the telephone company come to repair the problem? 3 What does Carol use the Internet on her phone for?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
7
Complete the dialogue using expressions from the help box. Larry: Do you know how to use the option for maps functions on your phone? Ian: No, (1) … . Is it easy? Larry: Yes, all you have to do is find applications on the phone. Ian: (2) … ? Larry: I mean touch the applications icon, here. Ian: Ah! Ok, then what do I do? Larry: Touch the icon for maps and then write the name of the street you want. Ian: Wow! And (3) … I have to write it in capital letters or not? Larry: It doesn’t matter how you write it. You (4) … about technology, do you? Ian: You’re right. I (5) … use a smartphone or an iPad. In fact I can’t even work a washing machine!
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Internet 11
Prepare a dialogue with a partner.
Expressing interest Para mostrar interés se usa:
I’ve just bought a new tablet. Really? This website has lots of useful information. Fascinating! The best shopping websites are in English. Is that so? I’m very interested in knowing more about it. I’m interested in technology . Technology interests me. see page 123
8
Write a sentence that means the same. Use the word in brackets. 1 I’m interested in working with computers. (interests) 2 He’s interested in new inventions. (him) 3 Scientific study interests her. (she)
9
Student A: You know nothing about the Internet. You want to know how to send a photo to a friend. Ask B: home computer. When you don’t understand, ask for clarification.
Talk to a partner. Tell them about something new you have recently… 1 bought 2 learnt 3 found on the Internet 4 heard on the news Respond to your partner using expressions of interest from the box. I bought the last series of House online the other day.
10
Student B: Your partner knows nothing about the Internet. Explain to Student A how to use the Internet to send a photo to a friend. Make suggestions such as:
Is that so?
Match the two halves of the dialogues. 1 I haven’t a clue about online banking. 2 What do you mean when you say ‘click’ on an icon? 3 Can you tell me whether I need a password? 4 Do you know whether I need to pay to join that website? 5 I don’t know how to access my email when I’m not on my own computer. 6 Where do I go to update my address? a I mean you have to press the left-hand button on your mouse! b I’ve got no idea. Try and see if they ask for your credit card details. c You have to go to the provider’s website. d Click on your profile and change it there. e Why don’t you ask the clerk in your local office? f I think it’s more secure if you do.
12
Choose the correct option. I spend a lot of time (1) watching / browsing airline websites. They are usually (2) user- friendly / accessed . Sometimes an airline will send me an email about a special offer, so I (3) click / hit on the email and (4) access / log on the list of destinations. There I select my dates, click again and immediately see times and prices. If I do decide to buy a ticket, the website uses (5) cookies / forums to remember my credit card details, so I’m only one click away from Honolulu or Patagonia. It’s easy!
13
Write about a website you use and how it works (e.g. a student portal). Use the text in activity 12 as a model.
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
7
B How can the Internet help us? That’s Britain!
BEFORE YOU WATCH
4
Documentary 1
1 TheYorkshire Dales have river valleys, waterfalls, caves and wild / flat areas called moors. 2 Kathryn thinks the Internet gives people the opportunity to stay / work on her farm. 3 The cattle and sheep on the farm are all ‘traceable’, which means they know the origin and destination / age of every animal. 4 David has 3,500 sheep and 220 / 420 cattle on his farm. 5 David breeds the sheep for meat because the wool is not worth much / not good quality . 6 Nigel thought that washing the sheep was easy / hard work.
Read the definitions of ways in which technology and the Internet can be used to look after our health. Match them to the words below. telehealth
telecare
1 a system of alarms and sensors that can be carried around a person’s body 2 equipment which allows people to check their condition and send the data via the Internet
That’s Britain! 2
Nigel visits a farm in the Yorkshire Dales. What activities do you think he does there? Watch the video and see if you were right.
Choose the correct option.
Same language, different lives 5
1 drives a tractor 2 washes sheep 3 stays the night 4 talks to the farmer’s wife 5 uses the farm’s Internet
Listen to the speakers (1-7) talking about what people in their country use the Internet for. Which thing does each speaker mention? 1
2
5
AFTER YOU WATCH
3
4
6
7
Documentary 3
1 a spelling words 2 a media events 3 a finding work 4 a social networking 5 a free access 6 a buying food 7 a shop online
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Most people only use the Internet for a very limited number of things, for example booking plane tickets. 2 James Brown carries a personal alarm system because he is worried someone will attack him. 3 Telecare offers people the opportunity to stay in their own homes even if they have an illness or are elderly. 4 If a patient needs help, the telecare operator organises the most effective response. 5 Telehealth means doctors can monitor physiological data, like blood pressure from a distance. 6 Teleoperations means that medical equipment is operated by robots.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
b b b b b b b
common words reading news offering work programming Internet cafés paying bills make friends
NOW YOU! 6
In what ways does the Internet help you in your daily life? I use the Internet in many different ways in my daily life for both work and leisure activities and to get information. For example, when I decided to buy a car last month, I used the Internet to find out about the different models and prices…
73
Internet
READING 1
What do you use the Internet for? Rank these in order of importance. email chatting shopping
2
banking / official procedures listening to music watching films, series, etc.
getting information for study getting information for work getting information for pleasure
Read the text. What is the relationship between the two characters? Is it a good relationship?
63
Imagine a small hexagonal room with no light from a window but with pleasant illumination, fresh air and the sound of soft, melodious music. There is an armchair in the centre with a desk beside it. In the armchair sits a small overweight woman called Vashti. Her face is white because she has never seen the sun.
‘Really? You had permission to go outside?’ ‘No, I didn’t ask the Machine to let me go. I mean, I found another way.’
A bell rang and she touched a switch. Her chair moved to the other side of the room and she said irritably, ‘Who is it?’ She knew several thousand people (in certain directions human interaction had advanced enormously). When she realised it was her son calling her, she said, ‘Kuno, I t old you not to call me during working hours, but we can talk for five minutes. I have to give my lecture on Music during the Australian period now.’ She had to wait fifteen seconds for his face to appear on the round plate that she was holding. ‘Why are you so slow? I’ve asked you to contact me by pneumatic post if it’s important.’
Vashti was worried, no one could go onto the surface of the Earth without a respirator. The image of her son suddenly disappeared from the plate, and she began to feel cold. She pressed the button to begin her talk, but she could only hear a strange noise. She decided to rest and pressed the button for her bed to appear and the lights to go out, but nothing happened. The air in her room suddenly smelt bad and when she tried to call her official sympathetic friend there was no reply. She hadn’t left her room since the birth of her son, but now, as her chair stopped moving towards the door she never opened, she realised that the Machine itself was stopping…
Kuno said, ‘Mother, I want you to come and see me.’ ‘But why? I can see you now.’ ‘I don’t want to see you through the tedious Machine,’ said Kuno. ‘Er… I’m asking you to come and see me in person.’ His mother was shocked, ‘Don’t say that about the Machine! The Machine has given us all we need.’ ‘Mother, come and see me, please. I need to talk to you about what I have seen outside.’
3
Answer the questions. 1 Where does Vashti live? 2 Why is it a nice place to li ve? 3 Does she know many people? 4 How do people communicate in this world? 5 Why did her son contact her? 6 Why was she shocked by her son? 7 How long had Vashti been in her room? 8 How did she know the Machine was stopping? 9 Where would you read this text?
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4
Put the sentences in the correct order. a Kuno says that he doesn’t like the Machine. b Vashti can move freely around her room. c Kuno talks to Vashti. d Vashti can’t move around her room. e Vashti can see Kuno’s face. f Kuno has been onto the surface of the Earth. g Vashti decides she wants to go to bed. 1 …
2 …
3 …
4 …
5 …
6 …
7 …
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
7
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 64
1 Let’s see… 2 Hold on… 3 Let me think… 64
2
5 ‘Turn off the computer after work’ said her boss. Her boss…
Listen to the phrases we use when we are thinking about what we want to say. Does the intonation rise ( ›) or fall (› ).
6 ‘Please, don’t call me after 10 p.m.’ said his grandmother. His grandmother…
4 Well… 5 Umm… 6 It depends…
Listen and repeat.
4
Write these reported commands in direct speech.
With a partner, ask and answer these questions. Use one of the expressions above before you answer.
1 The policeman told me to disconnect my phone. ‘Disconnect your phone!’ the policeman said .
1 What is the best website on the Internet? 2 How many mobile phones have you owned? 3 What do you use a computer for? 4 How many email accounts do you have? 5 Do you ever shop online? 6 Have you ever downloaded music or films?
2 The manager told the staff not to use personal email at work. 3 Jack told his brother to log in with a different password. 4 Vashti told her son not to criticise the Machine. 5 I told Harry not to worry about the situation. 6 My teacher told me to send him the essay through the student portal. 7 My friend told me not to use that website.
Reporting commands and requests - Cuando queremos poner en estilo indirecto órdenes o peticiones se utiliza tell o ask + indirect object + to + infinitive. ‘Come with me’ he said. He told me to come with him. ‘Contact me, please’ she said. She asked me to contact her. - Si la orden o petición es negativa, not se coloca delante del infinitivo con to. ‘Don’t call me’ he said. He told me not to call him. ‘Don’t spend so much time on the Internet , please’ she said. She asked me not to spend so much time on the Internet.
5
Discuss with a partner. What would happen if the Internet ever collapsed? Use expressions from activity 1. Well, I wouldn’t have a problem. I prefer seeing my friends face-to-face.
Hold on… but what about businesses? Many companies use the Internet for online commerce.
see page 124
3
Write these commands and requests in reported speech. 1 ‘Stop playing with your phone!’ my father said to me. My father told me to stop playing with my phone . 2 ‘Don’t spend too long on the computer!’ said his mother. His mother… 3 ‘Can you send me the link?’ asked my colleague. My colleague… 4 ‘Please send me the email tomorrow’ said my friend. My friend…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
75
Internet
CONSOLIDATION 1
Choose the option that best explains the meaning of the heading. The government censored articles about the protest in the newspapers. 1 You could read about the political details of t he protest in the newspaper s. 2 The government supported the protests with articles in the newspapers. 3 The government didn’t allow articles about the protest in the newspapers.
2
Read the article and answer the question. What are the four reasons for Internet censorship?
Who censors what? The United Nations passed a resolution in 2012 declaring that Internet access is a basic human right. But what does this mean? There are possibly three main areas where the right to access all or part of the Internet is restricted. 1 Political censorship Visitors to China can find wi-fi access in hotels and Internet cafés but will find that many sites, such as Facebook or YouTube, are blocked. If you use software that can access these sites, the speed of the connection is so slow that you can spend hours downloading videos or pictures. Censors can frequently terminate your connection so that you have to start and restart programmes again and again. For those people with a Chinese IP address, the implications of posting a comment on a blog are much more serious. If a blogger makes a comment that the censors regard as ‘severely damaging social order and national interests’, they can go to prison if the comment attracts more than 5,000 readers or 500 other comments. 2 Parental censorship and at work
Web browsers often have tools that can control the Internet content that a user can view. Most people would agree that parents should be able to limit their
3
Read the text and decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 It isn’t possible to access some websites, such as Facebook, when you are in China. 2 The Chinese censors decide if blog posts could be dangerous for their community. 3 Some programmes can be used to see what people have been doing on the Internet. 4 Companies control what their employees do by censoring their email. 5 93% of Africans have limited access to the Internet. 6 Service providers are too expensive for many people in Africa.
4
76
Do you think censorship or Internet restrictions are acceptable? Look at these ideas and decide if you agree. Then compare your ideas with a partner.
children’s access to web pages that are pornographic or violent. There is also special software that can record a child’s activity on the web so that parents can see what they do. However, what about privacy on the web for workers? It depends on the company, but in general, workers have limited access through the company’s Internet provider and are often monitored to see if they waste company time on personal Internet activity. 3 Social censorship
If Internet access is a basic human right, then what about the 5.6 billion people who do not have Internet for financial reasons? Only 7% of the population of Africa uses the Internet, not because the government or companies stop them, but because they simply do not have the money for a computer or to pay for the service provider. Of course, many of these people don´t have other basic human rights, such as food, clean water and freedom. They are a long way from achieving what the UN says is their right.
1 Governments should be able to censor politically sensitive information on the web. 2 Governments should be able to locate Internet users who promote illegal actions. 3 Companies should be able to censor emails sent from work. 4 Companies should be able to restrict the web pages their employees can access. 5 Parents should be able to restrict the web pages their teenage children visit. I don’t think parents should have to check on their children. They should teach them the dangers and help them to be responsible.
I disagree. Parents have to tell their children not to visit certain pages and block them if necessary.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
5 65
Listen to Sandra and Kevin talking. Complete the chart with (3) if they agree and ( 7) if they disagree with the sentences.
7
Write two lists about the uses of the Internet. positive uses
8
7
negative uses
Now talk to your partner. Do you think the Internet has more positive than negative uses? Give examples. Well, I think communication has improved because we can contact people all over the world at any time.
Sandra
Yes, but that has a disadvantage. People get annoyed if you don’t reply immediately.
Kevin
1 The Internet is free. 2 The Internet can make you rich.
3 Internet shopping means businesses are closing.
9
Read part of a letter from your friend, Will, who you are going to stay with for a month next summer.
4 The Internet is dangerous.
6
Listen again and choose the correct option.
65
1 Sandra thinks everyone … . a should have Internet b is affected by Internet c wants Internet 2 Kevin says that on the Internet you can … . a lose money b solve financial problems c use your bank 3 Kevin’s friend … . a pays rent b waits for customers c has changed his business
… Anyway, I have decided to spend the summer free from technology. When you come to stay, there won’t be a computer here or Internet access…
Write to your friend explaining how important the Internet is for you and the use you make of it. Dear Will , Thanks for your letter. I am looking forward to staying with you this summer . Do you really mean there will be no Internet in your house? …
4 Sandra is concerned about … . a children b Internet problems c personal problems 5 Kevin feels that the Internet … . a has made life safer b hasn’t changed human behaviour c has made people more careful
THAT’S ENGLISH!
77
SELF TEST 1
Match the two halves of the sentences.
UNIT 4
1 Ian tethered his smartphone to his PC 2 His service provider allows him to download 3 That website is user-friendly 4 The screen on his laptop is too small 5 He needs to change the settings on his phone 6 He contributes to the forum about online chatting a because he is fascinated by the power of social networks. b to connect to the hotspot. c 3 gigabytes of information. d because his router stopped working. e because it provides a variety of access options. f so he can’t play that videogame.
2
5
Listen to the radio programme and choose the correct answer.
66
1 The caller is interested in / bored by the history about the Internet. 2 The blog writer says Al Gore invented / didn’t invent the Internet. 3 The presenter is not sure / sure how accurate information on the Internet is. 4 The caller is / isn’t afraid of sharing information on the Internet. 5 The blog writer agrees / disagrees that you have to be careful with personal information on the Internet.
browse click download log in send update
Online training support To (1) … the system go to www.rrrr.org. The first screen will ask you to (2) … with your username and password. Click on Enter and you will be taken to the home page. Here you can (3) … the different options. By (4) … on Profile you can (5) … your personal details. If you are interested in (6) … any of the documents you will need a different password which can be obtained by (7) … an email to
[email protected]
Write these commands or requests in direct speech. 1 Her friend told her to browse the university website. 2 Joe asked me to let him tether his phone to mine. 3 His sister asked him not to download any more music. 4 My colleague told me not to send any more emails. 5 My Chinese contact asked me to join LinkedIn. 6 The receptionist told me to wait in the waiting room.
Complete the text with a verb from the box in the correct form.
access
7
6
Write a blog entry about one of the following topics. 1 Something you heard about the Internet that you don’t think is true. 2 A problem that you, or someone you know had with false information on the I nternet. blog
3
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 ‘John, can you help me, please?’ She asked … .
Once I received an email that told me to go on a website and register because I had won the lottery! At first , ...
2 ‘Sarah, don’t give your password to anyone.’ He told … . 3 ‘Cathy, please don’t use my PC for video games.’ My brother asked me … . 4 ‘Mike, try clicking on the icon on the left.’ She told … . 5 ‘Steve, don’t forget to use the @ symbol.’ My friend told … . 6 ‘Fiona, could you explain that again?’ She asked … .
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
8
Politics S E V I T C E J B O
· To learn about parliamentary and local politics · To report and contrast opinions
A Democracy in action 5 If Mark was the MP he could … the Secretary of State. a meet b talk to c complain to
BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
Tick (3) the things which happen in your country before an election. 1There are posters in the street of the different candidates. 2You can go to meetings and ask the candidates questions. 3The candidates go to people’s houses to persuade them to vote for them. 4 People talk about politics more than usual.
6 Mark thinks the most urgent problems in the area are … . a vandalism b protecting green spaces c lack of facilities for young people 4
1 get developers to look for other sites for building houses 2 more police to control young people 3 protect the green spaces 4 stop the parks and public places becoming rubbish tips 5 make parents walk with their children to school to keep them safe 6 get the Council to put speed limits in residential areas
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Answer the questions. 1 Why does Alice think that voting for Mark Raven is a waste of a vote?
5
AFTER YOU WATCH Choose the correct option.
6
1 Bill thinks that Mark really cares about his … . a customers b constituents c clients
4 The present MP wants … . a to protect green spaces b to build more houses c what is best for the community
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the speakers. What qualities do they think a politician should have? Which adjectives are not mentioned? 1 reliable 2 honest 3 rich 4 fair
2 Mark tells the customers in the café that they are all governed by a … . a minority b local man c majority 3 At the moment, the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is a member of … party. a the Conservative (Tory) b the Labour c an independent
Answer the questions. 1 Who does the woman in the house complain about? 2 What two issues worry the old man? 3 Who has been elected MP? 4 What had Mark promised to do for local businesses before the election?
2 What issue is worrying the Small Businesses Association, which Bill represents?
3
Tick (3) the things Mark wants to change if he gets elected MP.
5 married 6 truthful 7 popular 8 healthy
9 charismatic 10 good-looking 11 open-minded
NOW YOU! 7
What qualities do you think a politician should have? Do you agree with the speakers? I mostly agree with the speakers. I think that politicians should be honest. They should also be ready to listen...
79
Politics
READING 1
Which of the following descriptions reflect your opinion of politics in your country? 1 interesting 2 important
2 67
3 depressing 4 useful to society
5 a waste of time 6 corrupt
Read the text. Choose an appropriate title. 1 Why the British political system is the best in the world 2 Politics in the UK: an introduction 3 A history of British politics When people vote in the g eneral election, they elect one person to represent them as their local Member of Parliament (MP). This makes each MP directly accountable for his (or her) actions to his constituents _ the people who vote in a particular area, called a constituency. Although many different political parties are represented in parliament, there are three main ones: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats (or Lib Dems). Nowadays, each party tries to occupy the middle ground, since no party wants to be seen as very left-wing or right-wing. At the time of the general election, candidates explain their party’s policies to their constituents. Here we look at a typical local newspaper report just before the general election.
The Wexford Chronicle However, he agreed with many voters in the const ituency who insisted on imposing a global tax on banks, as they were largely responsible for the economic crisis. He also stated that a Labour government would increase the benefits paid to parents with young children because families were the foundation of society and needed financial support.
General election report: day seven of the campaign The Conservatives. Jill Neville declared that her party didn’t believe in big government. ‘We don’t think that the government should interfere in all aspects of people’s lives,’ she announced. Neville suggested giving parents and charities the power to set up independent schools that are not controlled by local councils. She added that people should be able to veto increases in local taxes through referendums.
The Lib Dems. Asif Khan explained that the Lib Dem manifesto was based on fairness and equal opportunities for all. He talked about four types of fairness: fairer taxes, more chances for children, a greener economy and cleaning up politics. He promised that there would be no income tax on earnings below £10,000 and he guaranteed that the government would protect the value of state pensions. In addition, he said that a Lib Dem government would limit donations to political parties and would give constituents the power to replace MPs involved in corruption scandals.
The Labour Party. Graham Barry admitted that in the next budget it would be irresponsible to talk about big increases in spending. He also denied that the Labour Party had any intention of raising income tax.
3
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 In a general election, people in the UK vote for a party rather than a particular person. 2 No political party in the UK wants to be considered extremist. 3 Jill Neville is against low local taxes. 4 Graham Barry wants to increase income tax. 5 Graham Barry thinks that it’s important to help some types of family. 6 The Lib Dems have the same policy on income tax as the Labour Party. 7 Both the Lib Dems and the Conservatives want to give more power to local people.
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4
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Use the text to help you. 1 All politicians must be accountable … what they do: if they don’t do their job properly, they should be taken to court. 2 Are you interested in what happens … parliament? 3 There will be no increases … income tax. 4 We have no intention … reducing the value … state pensions. 5 Some people want to impose a special tax … cigarette manufacturers. 6 Each of us is responsible … how we vote. 7 Your political opinions are not based … facts. 8 We should have the power … decide our own future.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
8
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 68
Listen to the pronunciation of the words from the box. Identify the stressed syllable and complete the rule. general
election
represent
4
1 ‘The government must do more to help the poor,’ the opposition leader said. deny / insist 2 ‘Why don’t you reduce income tax next year?’ asked the Tory leader. insist / suggest 3 ‘This government is in favour of immigration,’ the Prime Minister said clearly. admit / declare 4 ‘I don’t listen to my constituents enough,’ said Gerald Reece. admit / promise 5 ‘Our country will be richer than ever before when we govern,’ said the party leader. deny / promise 6 ‘I don’t want to reduce the number of teachers,’ said the Minister of Education. recommend / deny
accountable
Stressed syllables are pronounced louder / softer and longer / shorter than unstressed syllables. 68
Listen and repeat.
2
Underline the stressed syllable in the words.
69
69
1 democrat 2 economic 3 political 4 liberal
5 parliament 6 responsible 7 candidate 8 government
9 independent 10 constituent 11 parliamentary 12 politician
Listen and repeat.
Choose the appropriate verb and report the statement in the past.
5
Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 When you vote, what issues are your decision based on? 2 Do you think that the politicians in Parliament do a good job? Why? Why not? 3 Would you accept increases in local taxes if you had better services? Why? Why not? 4 In your opinion, who was responsible for the economic crisis in Spain? 5 Do you think that politicians are accountable for what they do? Why? Why not? 6 Do you think that the amount of state pensions should be increased? Why? Why not?
Reporting verbs followed by that or -ing Además de say y tell, se pueden utilizar otros verbos para expresar con más precisión lo que alguien ha dicho: - Verbos seguidos de that y una oración con su propio sujeto: add , admit , advise, announce, declare, deny , explain, guarantee, insist , promise, propose, recommend , state, suggest . Jill Neville declared that her party didn’t believe in big government. They advised that all children should be taken to hospital. He also denied that the Labour Party had any intention of raising income tax. - Algunos de estos verbos pueden ir seguidos de la forma –ing: admit , advise, deny , propose, recommend , suggest . Neville suggested giving parents more power. He denied wanting to reduce the value of pensions.
Do you think that the politicians in parliament do a good job?
I’m not sure. But do we really need so many of them?
see page 124
3
Choose the correct reporting verb. The new government (1) added / declared / suggested that protecting the value of state pensions was their first priority. They (2) added / admitted / denied that they would even increase the value of pensions if the economic situation got better. The Minister of Health (3) denied / added / stated having any intention of closing local hospitals. He (4) denied / stated / suggested that the government had a firm commitment to a good quality national health service. The leader of the opposition (5) insisted / stated / proposed closing all nuclear power stations. However, the Environment Minister (6) added / denied / guaranteed that they were perfectly safe.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
6
Listen to some people talking about politics. Which questions in activity 5 are they asked?
70
7
Listen again. Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7) according to the speaker.
70
1 It’s bad if the same party governs for many years. 2 Politicians want an easy life. 3 The economic crisis in Spain happened only because of the banks. 4 It would be nice to increase pensions but it’s not realistic.
81
Politics 10
Reporting verbs + preposition + -ing
1 What is the problem? 2 Why is the MP not keeping his promises? 3 What does Lisa Tanner want to know?
Apologise for argue for/against complain about insist on talk about They insisted on imposing a global tax on banks She talked about having more open government The MP apologised for not telling the truth ,
,
Read the letter of complaint to a local MP and answer the questions.
,
,
.
.
.
Dear Mr Dyson, I am one of your constituents and I am writing to complain about the high level of crime in our community. In the last election campaign you talked about making Redford a good place to live. However, I have to say that you are not keeping your election promise. I would like to ask you what action you are planning to take to improve the situation.
see page 124
8
Report the statements with the verbs in the past. Use a preposition where necessary. 1 James: ‘We should make cities safer for young children.’ (argue for) James argued for making cities safer for young children . 2 Clive: ‘People should take more interest in politics.’ (recommend) 3 Roger: ‘I’m not against gay marriage.’ (deny) 4 The party leader: ‘I am determined to propose this new law.’ (insist) 5 Pilar: ‘I have some extreme political views.’ (admitted) 6 The Prime Minister: ‘We should pay the police more.’ (talk) 7 The Minister of Finance: ‘I don’t think we should build more hospitals.’ (argue) 8 The Prime Minister: ‘I’m sorry that we didn’t do what we promised in our manifesto.’ (apologise)
I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Lisa Tanner
11
Write the complete sentences. Use the writing model from activity 10 to help you. 1 I / write / complain / the level of traffic / our community 2 last campaign / you / talk / reduce / traffic 3 I / say / you / not keep / promise 4 I / like / ask / what action / you / plan 5 I / forward / hear you
12
Write a letter of complaint to your local MP about a particular problem. Use the model in activity 10 to help you.
13
Listen to the conversation between Ed Dyson and Lisa Tanner. How many different actions does he propose?
Reporting verbs followed by to + infinitive Agree decide o er promise refuse threaten He agreed to reconsider their policies They refused to accept the new law ,
,
,
,
,
71
.
.
see page 125
9
Report the statements with one of the verbs from the grammar box. 1 ‘I’m going to vote for the Lib Dems,’ said my mum. My mum decided to vote for the Lib Dems . 2 ‘You have my word that I will represent all my constituents,’ said the new MP. 3 ‘No, I’m certainly not going to vote for David Black in the elections,’ said my dad. 4 ‘We might sack all the teachers if they don’t go back to work,’ said the minister. 5 ‘I’ll explain the manifesto if you don’t understand it,’ Ryan said. 6 ‘OK, you’re right – we will adopt the proposal,’ the MP said.
82
14 71
Listen again. Choose the correct option. 1 Lisa Tanner is angry with Ed Dyson / suprised that he has phoned . 2 Ed Dyson thinks that Lisa Tanner is exaggerating the problem / right . 3 The police are going to take action / can’t put more officers on the street . 4 Lisa Tanner thinks that we live in a police state / doesn’t want to have security cameras in the streets .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
8
B British Parliament BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary 1
That’s Britain! 4
1 Why is Stirling Bridge important in Scotland’s history? 2 In the Battle of Stirling Bridge how many men were in the Scottish and English armies? 3 Does David, the historian, think Scotland should become independent? 4 What did Stirling use to be? 5 For how many years has the city been dominated by Stirling Castle? 6 Whose son became the first king to hold the crowns of both Scotland and England?
Read about the system of democracy in Britain. Does a system like this exist in your country?
In Britain each Member of Parliament (MP) represents a specific area, called a constituency. You can arrange to have a meeting with your MP to talk about problems in the area and then the MP can ask questions about these in Parliament.
Same language, different lives 5
That’s Britain! 2
Listen to the speakers talking about interest in politics in their country. Match the speakers (1-7) to the things they mention (a-g). 1
2
3
4
Which sentences about Scotland do you think are true? 5
1 Scotland was an independent country in the past. 2 Scotland and England have fought battles against each other. 3 The bagpipes are a typical Scottish instrument. 4 The film Braveheart is based on the life of a Scottish nobleman.
Documentary Read the sentences about the British Houses of Parliament. Which two are not true? 1 The neo-gothic style building was built in 1870. 2 The decison to create the National Health Service was taken in Parliament. 3 Only the members of the House of Commons are elected by the public. 4 There are many ways to become a Lord. 5 British laws are not written in one constitution. 6 Charles tried to enter the House of Lords in 1642 to arrest five MPs for high treason. 7 Parliament is open to the public all year round. 8 Big Ben is the name of Parliament’s ClockTower.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
6
7
a Interest has grown and grown. b People have always been interested. c The majority are politically active. d There is a struggle for independence. e Young people are interested. f There is interest when money is a problem. g There are many political parties.
AFTER YOU WATCH
3
Answer the questions about Stirling.
1 …
2 …
3 …
4 …
5 …
6 …
7 …
NOW YOU! 6
Are you interested in politics? Are you a member of a political party? Have you ever been on a demonstration? I have been a member of a political party since I was 14. My parents are both members of the same party and we sometimes go on demonstrations together about issues we consider important. I think everyone should take an interest in politics because...
83
Politics
READING 1
Which of the following are big problems in the town where you live? 1 air pollution 2 bad schools
2 72
3 dirty streets 4 traffic
5 corrupt politicians 6 no green spaces
7 crime
What is the text fundamentally about? 1 the Irish political system
2 Christine Moynihan
3 the town of Hewley
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
* the names of the people and places have been changed in this article. 3
Answer the questions. 1 Why are people in Ireland participating more in local politics? 2 Why is Ballyhew a strange town for a popular political movement? 3 What kind of political issues was Christine Moynihan first interested in? 4 Why is local government in Ballyhew now more transparent? 5 What negative aspects about Christine Moynihan do we learn about?
4
Complete the sentences with the correct word. Use the text to help you. political
politics
policy
politician
2 Have you ever belonged to a ... party? 3 I think that the Labour Party has the right ... on immigration. 4 I’m not interested in ... .
5
Match the beginning (1-8) and end (a-h) of the expressions from the text. 1 grassroots 2 corruption 3 political 4 town 5 local 6 open 7 council 8 social
a policies b unrest c officials d council e politics f government g scandals h meetings
1 I would never want to become a ... .
84
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
8
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 73
73
2
Listen to the different pronunciation of the spelling ‘ea’. 1 / e / wealthy 2 / e / wear
3 / i: / clean 4 / : / early
4
5 / e / break 6 / / near
1 They say that honesty is the best policy. 2 In general, if you want to organise a good campaign, you need to plan carefully. 3 My wife and I are really unhappy with politicians. We want change. 4 One wouldn’t expect the Lib Dems to win, but nothing is impossible. 5 She is an unpredictable politician, so you never know what she’s going to say. 6 The government are proposing to cut down on pensions. You, as a pensioner, should vote for the opposing party.
Listen again and repeat. Practise saying these words and complete the table below. meat health pear learn great weak hear heard tea head fear steak bear meant year /e/
74
/e/
/i:/
/:/
/e/
//
Making exceptions
Listen and check.
- Moynihan has won the hearts and minds of everyone except ( for ) her political enemies. - The mayor could have had a very good influence, except that she made some serious mistakes. - I would like to support her, only I can’t because she is arrogant and never listens.
Indefinite pronouns (revision) Usamos los pronombres indefinidos cuando no se especifica de qué, quién o de qué lugar hablamos. Anyone can ask questions at council meetings. She has won the hearts and minds of everyone. Almost no one in the country has any confidence in politicians. She turned her attention to something bigger. It’s better to live somewhere that is politically stable. I can’t go anywhere else.
see page 126
5
Complete the text with an appropriate indefinite pronoun. The key to political success Some people say that (1) ... can become a politician, but I’m not so sure. In my opinion (2) ... depends on your contacts. You won’t get (3) ... if you don’t know the right people. So, if you want to have a political career, (4) ... is more important than looking for people to help you. Once you have found them, (5) ... will be easier and one day you might become (6) ... important in the world of politics!
Complete the sentences using the expressions in the language box. 1 I don’t like politicians ... Nelson Mandela. 2 I would vote for the Green Party ... I don’t think they’ll win. 3 I would be happy with my local council ... the bus services are terrible. 4 The MP can speak to his constituents ... when he’s in Parliament.
see page 125 3
Decide if the pronouns in the sentences are used in a general way (G) or a specific way (S).
6 75
Listen to a conversation with a mayor. Who is the other person? 1 someone from her constituency 2 another politician 3 a journalist
Generalising
7
A veces utilizamos we, you, they y one para hablar de las personas en general. You couldn’t say that Ms Moynihan has won the hearts and minds of everyone. (You no se refiere a ti, sino a todo el mundo en general) We never know what to expect in an election year. One wouldn’t expect this particular place to be at the centre of a new political movement.
75
Listen again. Take notes and answer the questions in your own words. 1 How did the mayor solve the budget problem? 2 What two specific policies has she introduced? 3 How do people benefit from those policies? 4 What does she want to do in the future and why?
see page 125
THAT’S ENGLISH!
85
Politics
CONSOLIDATION 1
Which of the following best expresses your opinion about politics? 1 It’s not important to me. 2 I find it difficult to understand. 3 We should all take an interest in i t.
2
4 You can’t believe what politicians say. 5 Politicians live in a different world from the rest of us.
Read the text. Which person thinks... 1 politics is about what we do? 2 we can’t ignore politics? 3 politicians are too interested in money?
Politics today Do you think politics has a big effect on your life? Tell us what you think! I’m not very keen on politics because I think that a lot of politicians are corrupt. There was a big scandal in the UK a few years ago when newspapers revealed that MPs were using their parliamentary expenses to pay for things that had nothing to do with their jobs. One MP even repaired a duck house on his private lake with this money! When t he journalists asked him about it, he denied doing anything wrong! How can you take politics or politicians seriously when you read things like that? In my view, politicians should be role models for the rest of us. But we’re a long way from that, aren’t we? Darren When people talk about politics, most of them seem to think that it’s only the politicians who are responsible for the way things are. In their opinion, if we vote once every five years in the general election, we’ve done our civic duty. Of course, it goes without saying that politicians must earn their salaries, but there is so much that we as individuals can do, too. I’m a member of my town council and I try to make sure that everyone where I live has a good quality of life. For instance, last year we opened bike lanes on many streets, and we also increased the care given to old people living alone at home. I agree with John F Kennedy when he declared that you shouldn’t ask what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. Nina Like it or not, politics is important because it’s something that affects all of us. To my way of thinking, there’s one question that everyone in this country should be as king themselves at the moment: why are we still in the European Union? I mean, what’s in it for us? We just pay lots of money to support poorer countries. What’s more, over half of the budget goes to agriculture to subsidise unproductive farmers! What type of policy is that? It’s not exactly thinking about the future, is it? Recently I heard someone on TV explaining that most of our laws are now made in Brussels. That’s just wrong! We mustn’t be governed by some men in suits in Brussels! Toby
3
Choose the correct option. 1 There was a big problem in Britain because politicians … . a were receiving money from private companies b were using money dishonestly c were hiding money and not paying taxes 2 Darren thinks that … . a it’s impossible to have confidence in politicians b some politicians are role models c politicians are similar to the rest of the population 3 Nina thinks that … . a it’s enough if we vote once every five years
86
b politicians are responsible for the way things are c all of us are accountable 4 Nina … . a likes to cycle b is an individualist c has a position of responsibility where she lives 5 Toby thinks that … . a we should show solidarity countries b Britain should leave the EU c the EU budget is too big
to
poorer
UNIT
4
Write A if you agree or D if you disagree with the sentences.
7 76
8
Listen again. Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Some cultures are more advanced than others. 2 In specific situations it’s acceptable that some people can’t vote. 3 We shouldn’t give the film industry money, but we should support key industries. 4 Taxes on the rich shouldn’t be higher. 5 It should be illegal for rich people to change their residence to pay lower taxes.
8
Read the election manifesto and the news headlines two years after the elections. Which promises didn’t Claire Bridges keep? Claire Bridges – working for the local community
Are you more left-wing or right-wing? 1 You don’t choose where you are born, so it’s silly to feel proud of your country. 2 The rich don’t pay enough tax. 3 In general, companies do not contribute much to society. 4 We should subsidise theatres and cinemas. 5 An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is a terrible principle. 6 We should not impose limits on immigration. 7 Marijuana for personal use should not be illegal. 8 No country is more civilised than another. There are only different cultures. ! e l d d i m e h t n i e r a u o y , r e h t i e n f I
My manifesto for the people of Oakwood 1 Make Oakwood a safer place to live. 2 Cleaner streets and a healthier environment. 3 Reduce crime rate in the town centre. 4 Better schools for our children. 5 Reduce racial tensions in the area. 6 More parks and open spaces.
Newspaper headlines two years later: a Oakwood schools come last in national tests
b South Park closed! Flats to be built on the site
. g n i w t h g i r y r e v e r a u o y , s n o i t i s o p o r p e h t f o e r o m r o x i s h t i w e e r g a s i d u o y f I
. g n i w t f e l y r e v e r a u o y , s n o i t i s o p o r p e h t f o e r o m r o x i s h t i w e e r g a u o y f I
c Oakwood named as one of the most
dangerous places to live in the UK
d Rats seen in Oakwood High Street!
: y e K
5
Talk about the questions with a partner. 9
What do you think of the first statement?
Personally, I agree. I mean, I like Spain but I don’t feel proud to be Spanish.
Really? I feel very proud to be Spanish.
6 76
Write a letter to Claire Bridges complaining about her broken promises.
Use the model on page 82 to help you. Use a variety of reporting verbs to talk about the broken promises.
Dear Ms Bridges , I am one of your constituents and I am writing to complain about ...
Listen to someone giving his opinion about some of the points in activity 4. Which sentences does he discuss?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
87
SELF TEST 1
UNIT
Write the sentences in reported speech using the verbs from the box. insist
deny
promise
6
Complete the sentences with the correct indefinite or personal pronoun.
admit
‘(1) ... on the town council has taken any action about the rubbish in the park. (2) ... would think that they would have done (3) ... by now.’ ‘Well, you know what (4) ... say: if (5) ... want to get something done, you have to do it yourself.’ ‘I don’t agree! It’s not our responsibility! There’s rubbish (6) ... in the park. Isn’t there (7) ... on the council who is prepared to do (8) ... ?’
1 ‘I didn’t use public money incorrectly,’ said our MP. 2 Yes, you’re right. I’m afraid that there is no more money in the budget,’ said the minister. 3 ‘I want to be 100% clear about this: the fight against crime will be our number one priority,’ said the politician. 4 ‘I am going to do everything to keep this hospital open,’ said the mayor. 2
Correct the mistakes.
7
1 The mayor apologised arrive late to the meeting. 2 My uncle advised to not listen to politicians. 3 The minister talked for increase income tax. 4 He offered organising a referendum. 5 Claire Bridges insisted on that she would take office despite the accusations. 6 They promised on reducing taxes. 3
parliament by tax to
that based imposition
for
Complete the gaps with politics , political , politician or policies . George Bradshaw is a very well known (1) ... . He started his (2) ... career in his home town where he introduced some innovative (3) ... for unemployed people. Then he entered national (4) ... when he became MP for Salmouth.
5
Choose the correct option. In response to a series of corruption (1) situations / scandals and political (2) unrest / revolution , the new mayor has started a policy of open (3) administration / government . All council (4) meetings / reunions will now be open to the public.
88
There is nothing to do ... I would have voted ... Nobody came ... It was a good campaign
a Michael. b the posters were very poor. c to hope. d I was ill. 8
1 All politicians must be accountable ... their actions. 2 I want to have the power ... choose where my children go to school. 3 Our policies are ... on equal opportunities for all. 4 Did you see what happened in ... today? 5 They’re going to impose a new ... on motorists. 4
Join the beginning and the end of the sentences using except (for ), except that or only . 1 2 3 4
Complete the sentences with the words in the box. You will not need four of them. placed
8
Choose the correct option. I (1) write / am writing to complain (2) about / for the poor quality of schools in our area. (3) At / In the last election campaign you (4) insisted / talked about making this your first priority. However, I (5) have / need to say that you are not keeping your election promises. I (6) like / would like to ask you what action you are planning to (7) take / follow .
9 77
10 77
Listen to a conversation between Mike and Veronica about politics. Who is going to vote Conservative? Listen again. Complete the sentences. 1 Mike thinks that the Conservatives’ policies are in favour of … people. 2 According to Mike, with the Conservatives, people on higher salaries pay lower income tax while … families with young children are in a worse situation. 3 Mike thinks that Veronica votes for the Conservatives because … . 4 Veronica says that she voted for the Conservatives when … .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
9
Celebrities S E V I T C E J B O
· To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being famous · To learn about celebrity culture
A I’m a celebrity! BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
5
1 The hotel doorman told Jessica to … . a chill b wait c leave
Read the sentences and tick (3) the ones you agree with.
2 Cleo Zee loves meeting … . a the press b fans c paparazzi
1 Teenagers spend too much time reading about celebrities. 2 Most of what we read about celebrities in the press is not really true. 3 Celebrities can make mistakes the same as ordinary people. 4 Parents get worried when their children try to copy celebrities.
3 Cleo Zee thinks the press … . a invade her privacy b hound her fans c are cool 4 Cleo tells Bella not to get a tattoo until she is … . a five years older b sure she wants one c a bit older 5 Cleo tells the girls that the stories the press prints about her … . a are not true b are sometimes true c are always true
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Answer the questions.
1 What does Jessica want to get?
6 Rob thinks that Cleo has given the girls … . a useless advice b good advice c unusual advice 6
1
4
1 Rob is worried because his daughter Jessica is completely … with Cleo Zee. 2 Rob thinks Cloe Zee is famous for being … . 3 Rob told Jessica that in a year’s time Cleo Zee would be a B list … . 4 Bill thinks that Jessica is … because she is a teenager.
5
1 a house in Hollywood 2 hair like Cleo Zee’s 3 a car like Cleo Zee’s 4 a Cleo Zee sweatshirt 5 to have parties when they want
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Negative paparazzi no privacy
3
Complete with words from the video.
Circle what Jessica and Bella say they want.
money
2
AFTER YOU WATCH
4
Listen to the speakers talking about the positive and negative aspects of being a celebrity and complete the columns. Positive
2 How does Cleo feel about her tattoos now?
3
Choose the correct option.
6
NOW YOU! 7
Are you interested in the lives of celebrities? Have you ever tried to copy a famous person’s look? When I was younger I loved reading about celebrities in magazines. I also used to dream that one day I would be famous.
89
Celebrities
READING 1
What are people famous for? Tick (3) the options that you think bring the most fame. 1 acting 2 sport
2
3 singing / music 4 bad behaviour
5 inventing something 6 being a politician
7 appearing on a reality show 8 creating a work of art
Read the text and find the names of the people in the photos. Which of these people continue to be in the public eye nowadays?
78
1
2
3
4
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
3
Read the article again. Choose the correct option. 1 Las Ketchup … . a have made many successful records b sold more records than many other performers in 2002 c were in the right countries in the summer of 2002 2 Mama Rock … . a hasn’t been a celebrity all her life b learnt to DJ in a London disco c has acted in films 3 Charlotte Hobrough … . a took part in a competition b saved a lot of money c isn’t happy in her work 4 Jonathan Lipnicki … . a was criticised for his acting as a child b hasn’t been affected badly by his fame c is very independent
90
4
Use the highlighted words or expressions to replace the underlined parts of the text below. Fame is not always easy. (1) A person who is famous worldwide can be rich but he or she is often (2) incessantly followed everywhere by reporters. Due to modern communications some unknown people (3) became famous very quickly when they appeared on a (4) TV programme that shows ordinary people’s lives or simply when they became part of the (5) group of famous people because they associated with famous people. Sometimes celebrities who (6) became extremely popular because of (7) a group which has just one success do not succeed in any other projects and become (8) an ex-celebrity very quickly.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
9
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
Listen to how the suffix /s/.
is pronounced
–ous
79
1 famous 2 jealous 2
3 nervous 4 serious
5 furious 6 various
Practise saying these sentences. 1 That was a delicious meal. 2 The show was fabulous. 3 Film stars are often glamorous. 4 The film was an enormous success. 5 It’s marvellous to be a celebrity. Reported speech
80
Listen and repeat.
3
Choose the correct option.
- Recuerda cómo contar lo que alguien dijo en el pasado: Yolanda said that she had given her boss the information the day before. Jenny asked me if I would be going to the show . The photographer told her not to move. The star explained that he had changed his travel plans. My sister replied that she wouldn’t be going to the show . - Se puede contar lo que alguien dijo utilizando otros verbos + ing: The manager suggested giving a free concert. The actor admitted taking drugs. The singer denied copying the song.
1 The Olympic Games produce … celebrities when new athletes break world records. a ordinary b sporting c TV 2 Celebrities can become … models teenagers who want to imitate them. a success b star c role
for
3 Tom Shotter achieved … when he appeared on a reality show. a fame b exit c icon 4 The performance had terrible reviews from the music … . a paparazzi b reports c critics 5 The band have a great website where their … can follow the latest news about them. a press b fans c icons
4
Complete the text with the correct preposition from the box.
with (x2)
in (x2)
on
to
by
Jenny was a child star. She first appeared (1) … a film when she was 10 and has continued to act (2) … movies (3) … huge success. Nowadays, however, she is not popular (4) … the critics because she has become so dazzled (5) … her success that she isn’t pleasant (6) … presenters and fans anymore. Besides, she is quite aggressive when she appears (7) … TV shows.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
see page 126
5
Write the sentences in reported speech.
1 He told his girlfriend, ‘I’ve run out of money.’ He told his girlfriend that he had run out of money . 2 The actor said, ‘I am not going to get divorced.’ 3 ‘Play that song again,’ my sister told me. 4 ‘Where did you find this album?’ her friend asked her. 5 ‘Why don’t you try another location?’ the producer suggested. 6 He said to me, ‘Don’t take fame too seriously.’ 7 My manager said, ‘You’ll be a star one day.’ 8 The director said to her, ‘You must act in my new film.’ 9 ‘I made a terrible film,’ admitted the actor. 10 My fans said to me, ‘You were fantastic in the show.’ 11 The presenter asked me, ‘Do you want to appear in my new reality show?’ 12 ‘I‘m not going out with that politician’, the actress denied.
91
Celebrities 6
Read the report of an interview with Matt Sutton. Pay special attention to the reporting verbs used. Why did the reporter interview this person? I spoke to Matt Sutton, the winner, last night and asked him if he had enjoyed taking part in the show. He told me that he had been very nervous, but that he had learnt a lot from the experience. I enquired if he was planning to make a record soon and he answered that he couldn’t be sure,
but that he would love the opportunity. I then asked him what had been the most memorable incident for him during the contest and he told me that he appreciated the support of his fans and had had the marvellous experience of meeting the Princess in the semifinals.
8
Talk to a partner. Role-play the conversation from activity 6. AYou are the reporter. B You are the reality TV contest winner. Hello, and congratulations! Did you enjoy taking part in the show?
9
Hello. Well, I’ve been very nervous but I have learnt a lot from the experience.
Listen to the conversation between Lisa and Vicky. Answer the questions.
81
1 Who did Vicky meet last night? 2 How did she feel about the meeting?
10
Listen again and decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
81
7
1 Vicky was at the cinema last night. 2 Billy York is a handsome actor. 3 Vicky’s drink fell out of her hand. 4 She immediately knew who Billy was. 5 She asked Billy what music he lik ed. 6 She didn’t tell Billy that he was her idol. 7 Billy left because he was tired.
Read the conversation and write a paragraph reporting what was said.
11
Choose the correct option.
Presenter: Now, Samantha, tell me about your latest movie. How is the filming going? Samantha: Well, we’re shooting in the desert at the moment. That’s where the love scenes take place. It’s very romantic! Presenter: Speaking of romance, is it true that you are in a relationship with your co-star, Bruno Wiley? Samantha: Who told you that? Presenter: There was a report in the Sunshine magazine last week. Samantha: Well, that is totally false. I am happy with my husband and I won’t tolerate these rumours. Presenter: I’m sorry. I didn’t want to upset you!
The presenter asked Samantha how … a nd she explained that …
92
You may not be familiar with the name Gareth Gates, but he (1) achieved / won fame in 2002 when he came second in the first Pop Idol competition, which promoted new (2) singers / sportsmen . These popular competitions have helped many musicians make a (3) name / fame for themselves and have successful careers. What is special about Gareth is that he has a speech defect. After a few years producing records that became less and less (4) successful / dazzled , he trained as a speech coach and he has managed to improve his speech and even gives courses to help others who have a similar problem. Nowadays, he continues to (5) produce / perform in musicals and supports many charitable causes with his music and (6) celebrity / private appearances.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
9
B Who do you look like? That’s Britain!
BEFORE YOU WATCH
4
Documentary 1
Correct the sentences by replacing the words in bold.
If you looked like a famous celebrity, which of the following things would you do? 1 Have the same hairstyle as the celebrity. 2 Dress, talk and act like the celebrity. 3 Try to get a job impersonating the celebrity. 4 Change your look to be as different as possible from the celebrity.
That’s Britain! 2
Look at the photos of the people below. Do you know why they are famous? 1
2
1 Charles Darwin 2 J. K. Rowling
3
4
3 Robert Louis Stevenson 4 Arthur Conan Doyle
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary 3
1 The Royal Mile is one of the busiest business streets in the city. 2 Edinburgh castle has been standing for over a thousand years. 3 Dave lives in the same street as J.K. Rowling. 4 Edinburgh is proud of all the famous people who have been born and worked there. 5 In the centre of the city you can see plaques and statues dedicated to famous people. 6 JK Rowling chose to write in the café because it has a lovely view, a dynamic atmosphere, good food and coffee.
Same language, different lives 5
Listen to the speakers talking about celebrities in their country. In which countries…
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Susan thinks people in the UK are fascinated by celebrities because we get information about them all the time. 2 Celebrity lookalikes are employed mostly for corporate entertainment. 3 Jamie didn’t think he could make any money out of his appearance. 4 Professional lookalikes don’t have to make any changes to their lives. 5 Jamie makes sure he always has the same hairstyle as Beckham. 6 Good lookalikes pay attention to little details, like tattoos and beards. 7 Lookalikes don’t need to talk or walk like the celebrity or copy their gestures. 8 Susan says that we know so much about celebrities that we think we know them.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Scotland
England
Australia South Africa England
1 do they mention reality shows? 2 do they mention sports people? 3 are skill and talent important? 4 are singers often celebrities?
NOW YOU! 6
Which famous people come from your town/ city? Are there any plaques or statues dedicated to them? Many famous people come from my city and some of them have plaques or statues dedicated to them. For example, in Ramales Square there is a statue of Velázquez and some people say he is buried underneath, but...
93
Celebrities
READING 1
Why are celebrities interesting? Number these answers from 1-4 according to your opinion. 1 is the most important reason, 4 is the least important. People want to look like a celebrity. People want to have the money that a celebrity has. People find celebrities’ lifestyles interesting. People think celebrities’ talents are interesting.
2
How do people demonstrate their obsession with celebrities? Read the text and tick (3) the options that are mentioned.
82
1 People try to see them in real life. 4 People imitate them. 2 People steal their possessions. 5 People follow their lives. 3 People keep images of them, e.g. pictures or tattoos.
The
Bling Ring obsession
What started as a wild idea one day later led to arrest and prison for some of a group of teenagers from Los Angeles. These adolescents were not from poor or criminal backgrounds, but they were materialistic and obsessed with fashion and celebrities. Living near the superstars meant that temptation was not far away, so they began to burgle the houses of famous people, including Paris Hilton and Orlando Bloom. The gang stole clothes, watches, jewellery and laptops worth millions of dollars as well as large sums of money that people kept in their homes. Who says it’s an easy life for celebrities? This true story was made into a film called The Bling Ring, which was the name given to the gang of thieves. In the film we see how the teenagers followed their celebrity targets online, finding out their social engagements so that they could enter their houses when no one was there. Then they would wear the stolen objects, or try and sell them to buy more luxury goods. Who cares about being famous? Celebrity culture has become a major focus of media attention. We are bombarded by gossip shows, reality TV and stories of people who are famous for being famous. Paparazzi
work hard to provide us with intimate photos of celebrities’ private lives; reporters constantly inform us about the latest celebrity botox treatment, cosmetic surgery or personal tragedy. Their lifestyle is portrayed as cool, fashionable and perfect, but they lack a luxury most ordinary people have: privacy. Fame and the lifestyle acquired through fame has become an obsession for many people today. People wear T-shirts with the latest image of their favourite star, have their hair cut in the same way and even have tattoos of their idol’s name. Star-struck teenagers spend hours following every movement of a famous pop singer or actor. But as we know, fame has a short memory. Today’s A-list celebrities are soon on tomorrow’s B-list. Then, what do you do about that tattoo?
Nota: People who wear bling want to give an impression of wealth. Bling refers to excessive jewellery or fashion accessories.
3
Answer the questions. 1 What kind of people were part of the Bling Ring ? 2 How did they know the celebrities weren’t at home? 3 What kind of information about celebrities do reporters look for? 4 What is the difference between an A-list and B-list celebrity?
94
4
Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions. 1 expensive objects 2 injections that reduce wrinkles 3 very famous people 4 TV programmes where people talk about famous people’s lives 5 the right to keep personal matters secret 6 appointments or arrangements to meet someone 7 way of life
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
9
LANGUAGE STUDY WRITING SECTION
Rhetorical questions Son preguntas que no requieren respuesta. Se usan para llamar la atención del interlocutor y hacerle pensar. Who says we’re too old to have fun? Why don’t we learn from our mistakes?
4
Read Johnny Depp’s biography and match the ideas (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-3).
see page 127
1
Match the two halves of the dialogues and underline the rhetorical questions. 1 Where is Henry? 2 The situation is terrible. 3 It’s your turn to clean the car. 4 Try telling him not to be so aggressive. a reasons for admiring him b why he is famous c career and significant events d achievements e name, personal details, personality and qualities
a Who cares? People always have problems. b Why me? I did it last week. c What’s the point? He won’t change. d Who knows? He’s always late. 1 ... 2 83
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
a ...
Listen to these rhetorical questions. Does the intonation rise ( ›) or fall (› )?
1
1 Who cares about being famous? 2 What do you do about that tattoo? 3 Who knows what he thinks? 4 Why is life so difficult? 83
3
Listen again and repeat.
d ...
e ...
Johnny Depp is an American actor who was born in the early 60s in Kentucky. When he was 20 he married Lori Allison, but they got divorced in 1985. After his first jobs in television he went to live with Vanessa Paradis. They had two children together, Lily Rose and Jack. Depp’s professional career has been incredibly successful. He first appeared in a TV series called 21 Jump Street in 1987. But possibly the best role of his life was as Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean, the first of which he made in 2003 and was a huge success. Five years later, Depp won a Golden Globe award for best actor in the film Sweeney Todd.
celebrity famous luxury materialistic star-struck
THAT’S ENGLISH!
c ...
2 Johnny
Complete the dialogue with the words from the box.
Tom: Have you seen the film, The Bling Ring ? Nicky: No, I haven’t. What’s it about? Tom: Some (1) … kids that become criminals because they are obsessed with celebrities. Nicky: Who cares about celebrities? Tom: I know, but they wanted to have the (2) … goods and lifestyle of their idols. Nicky: Was the film any good? Tom: Well, the acting was excellent, but the plot wasn’t exciting. Why should the story of a group of (3) … children be interesting? Nicky: Who knows? Some people just love the idea of being (4) … . Tom: You’re right! Why is (5) … culture so important? I just don’t understand.
b ...
3I
really admire Johnny Depp because he’s incredibly versatile and is able to adapt to a lot of different roles. He’s a fabulous actor but is often considered slightly eccentric, perhaps because of the roles he plays. Surprisingly, he also has a remarkable voice.
5
Change the underlined expressions in the text with words from the box. at the age of 20 in 2008 1963 two years later
6
Write a biography about a famous person you admire. Use the model text to help you. see page
133
95
Celebrities
CONSOLIDATION 1
Why do people become famous? Put the options in order of importance according to your opinion.
People become famous because ... . they have talent they have contacts they know what other people want they are extroverts they work hard they make use of modern media they are good-looking 2
Read the article. What are the two ways of becoming famous suggested by the writer?
bad? Nowadays people follow anyone or anything that has regular ‘hits’ (people clicking on the link).
How to become famous with or without talent The most watched YouTube videos are usually music productions. But what about those of us who have no special talents but want to become famous? Here’s a quick guide to YouTube fame. First, you need an idea! Second, you need a video camera, and third, you need to set up a profile and upload your videos. Simple, isn’t it? Who’s going to watch a video made by me? One of the best ways to get people to watch your creation is to post it as a response to a video made by a celebrity. Videos with pets as stars or young children are classic ways to achieve fame. You also need to follow what your fans are doing. Visit your videos every day and respond to their comments, then they will continue the interaction. They may tell you that they didn’t like your song or joke, but anyway they have watched it. They may even tell a friend how bad it was and that friend will tell another to watch it, just to check! Who cares if it is good or
3
Answer the questions. 1 What are the most popular type of videos on YouTube? 2 How can you put a video on YouTube? 3 How can you use a famous person’s video to promote your own production? 4 Why is it not so important if your video is good or bad? 5 Why do people suddenly become famous from TV competitions? 6 What do audiences want to see in a reality show?
96
Are videos not your scene? Well, how about entering a competition? Again you don’t need excessive talent, but it’s no good if you are shy. People have shot to fame overnight when they surprised audiences with extraordinary performances. There are all kinds of reality shows where ordinary people can compete to win fame and fortune. Some of the latest give competitors a chance to fly to space or even win a job. Casting for reality shows is competitive. You have to be prepared to act for the audience who are watching and provide the right reactions for the situation. A Big Brother competitor can’t just sit in a corner reading a book! Becoming famous requires dedication and time, sometimes talent, but mostly an extrovert personality and understanding of what other people want to see or hear.
4
Which of the two options would you choose to try to become famous? Explain your choice. I would choose entering a competition to become famous . I love performing and …
5
Where could you find this text? 1 in a magazine about celebrity culture 2 in a review of a website 3 in a technology magazine
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
6
Listen to the story of Lorna. Why can’t she keep the prizes that she won?
10
84
9
Look at these sentences. Do you agree or disagree? Talk to your partner and explain your opinion. 1 I would hate to appear on a show where I had to answer questions to win a prize. 2 I think most reality show contestants are actors. 3 Technology means that anyone can become famous nowadays. 4 Young people are obsessed by celebrity culture. 5 I like to keep up to date with the lives of celebrities.
7
Listen again and complete the table.
84
Lorna won…
1 ... 2 ... 3 ...
8
I think it would be fun to go on a show where you need general knowledge.
She has to pay…
1 ... 2 ... 3 ...
Listen again and decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7).
Yes, but in some of those programmes you have to exaggerate your reactions.
11
84
1 At first, Lorna is unhappy about the prizes she wins. 2 Her friend Tracey would lik e to have the same opportunity to win. 3 A second-hand car may cost £ 7,000. 4 Lorna can sell the car easily. 5 Lorna is going to sell the prizes. 9
Best of being famous You can earn a lot of money .
First, it’s really exciting to be on television and I had a great time answering the questions. The presenter was very funny and some of my friends were in the audience so I had a lot of support. At the time it was a very enjoyable experience.
b
So, I just want to warn you that if you go on a show, have fun, enjoy your moment of fame, but don’t expect to go home any richer than you were before!
c
I’d like to give you all some advice about appearing on a game show. I have just been on the show, The Price Game, and I think it’s important to tell you about what happened.
d
However, after the show I discovered that I couldn’t claim my fantastic prizes until I had paid a lot of money. The producer told me that although the prizes were mine, I had to pay the tax. I didn’t have enough money for this, so in the end I gave the prizes back
1 …
2 …
3 …
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Worst of being famous You have no privacy .
I think earning a lot of money is one of the most important advantages of being famous.
Read the blog Lorna wrote and put the paragraphs in order.
a
Complete the table with your own ideas. Compare your ideas with a partner and decide on the best and worst aspects of being famous.
You may be right, but money doesn’t bring you happiness.
12
Write a short paragraph for a blog about the best and worst aspects of being famous. Use your ideas in activity 11 to help you.
A celebrity’s life is very different to the life of ordinary people . When someone becomes famous , they have to adapt to changes and the things that they can and cannot do …
4 …
97
SELF TEST 1
Complete the text with words from the box. There are three words you don’t need to use.
UNIT 4
2
5
1 Ian had cosmetic surgery because … . a he was very ill b he wanted to look younger
3 She has too many social engagements so … . a she can’t spend time with her children b she can’t decide who she wants to marry
1 ... 6 85
5 The actor had great reviews from … . a the film critics b the paparazzi
98
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...
Listen to Mike and Jenny talking about being famous. Complete the table with (3) if Jenny likes the idea or ( 7) if she doesn’t like the idea. Jenny
1 be in a reality show 2 be followed by paparazzi
Correct the sentences. There are two mistakes in each report. 1 Charles: ‘Why did you follow me?’ Charles asked why had I followed her. 2 Jack: ‘I’m sorry I didn’t call you.’ Jack said he is sorry he didn’t call me. 3 Nicky: ‘I’d like to see this show.’ Nicky said she had liked to see this show. 4 Susan: ‘Will you tell me if you’re going to be late?’ Susan asked me that I would tell her if I am going to be late. 5 Guy: ‘Don’t take any more photos of me!’ Guy told them to not take any more photos of me.
Who cares? Why don’t you ever listen? Who knows? What’s the point? Where’s the fun in that?
a I am totally disinterested. b It’s a mystery. c It’s not an interesting thing to do. d You don’t pay attention to me. e It’s not worth doing.
2 I like to buy luxury goods even though … . a they are very expensive b you can’t find them easily
3
Match the rhetorical questions (1-5) with their meanings (a-e). 1 2 3 4 5
Choose the correct option.
4 My daughter is so star-struck that … . a she can’t get up in the morning b she can’t think of anything but her idol
Write these sentences in reported speech. Use the verb and speaker in brackets. 1 ‘I can’t become famous if I don’t have a manager.’ (the actress / explain) 2 ‘Let’s make a film about Marilyn Monroe.’ (the director / suggest) 3 ‘The stars of the show were hounded by the press.’ (the presenter / agree) 4 ‘Will you be appearing in the next episode?’ (the reporter / enquire) 5 ‘I didn’t invite my ex-boyfriend to the wedding.’ (the film star / deny) 6 ‘Stand next to the waterfall.’ (the photographer / tell / the model)
album fame fans has-been one-hit paparazzi privacy role model scene star success
Johnny Travis was a (1) … in the 70s. In 1975 he arrived on the celebrity (2) … and enjoyed moderate (3) … . Like many celebrities he had (4) … who followed him with adoration to all his concerts, but after being hounded by the (5) … , he had a nervous breakdown and in the end, the only (6) … that was successful remains in history as a (7) … wonder. Nowadays he is a (8) … : not many people remember him and he works in his local supermarket.
9
3 be recognised in the street 4 win a lot of money 7
Listen again and answer the questions.
85
1 What do the contestants have to do in the reality show that has been advertised? 2 According to Mike, what happens in restaurants if you are famous? 3 Why would Jenny have a bodyguard if she became famous?
8
Think of a famous person you admire. Write a short biography of his/her life, career, achievements and why you admire him/her.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
10
The media S E V I T C E J B O
· To learn about the influence of the mass media · To discriminate between facts and opinion
A The voice of age and experience BEFORE YOU WATCH 1
4
Decide if the sentences true (3) or false ( 7)? Correct the false ones. 1 Miriam described her last boss, Matt Drake, as sexist, ageist and misogynist. 2 Mike says Miriam has the right face to be a news presenter. 3 Laura thinks Cindy’s news coverage is very superficial. 4 The public are very happy with Miriam as a news presenter. 5 Miriam says that quality and substance are more important than being young. 6 Mike compares Miriam to a fine cheese which gets better with age.
5
Listen to the speakers talking about watching TV and the programmes they like. Match the speakers (1-6) to the answers (a-f).
Read the sentences. Which ones are true in your country? 1 Most TV presenters are young and attractive. 2 There are more men than womenTV presenters. 3 News presenters are usually men. 4 There are no women TV presenters over 40.
WHILE YOU WATCH 2
Answer the questions.
1 What changes to her image does Matt suggest to Miriam?
1
2 What happened to the audience figures on Your News channel?
Answer the questions.
1 What is the subject of the morning’s top story on Wake Up to Breakfast ? 2 What questions will Heather Stratton, the Minister for Women and Equality, be answering at a news conference today? 3 Why hasn’t Miriam been smiling much on the programme recently? 4 Why is Miriam not a presenter on the programme anymore? 5 What does Laura think there should be more of on TV? 6 What changes does Miriam think will happen in the media soon? 7 According to Miriam, who will age discrimination affect?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
3
4
5
6
a likes watching programmes from other countries b likes reality programmes but doesn’t watch very much TV c watches TV for two hours a day d prefers watching streamed TV online e watches about ten hours of TV a week f likes watching American TV dramas
AFTER YOU WATCH 3
2
1 ...
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...
6 ...
NOW YOU! 6
How much time do you spend watching TV? What kind of programmes do you like watching? Are there any you don’t like? I watch quite a lot of news programmes and documentaries. I like programmes which investigate topics and interview people with different points of view. I also like watching music programmes ...
99
The media
READING 1
How do you get information about the news? 1 by listening to the radio 2 by watching the news on TV 3 by reading the paper
4 by going online 5 I’m not interested in the news.
2
Read the text and put the paragraphs in the correct order.
86
1 d
2 …
3 …
4 …
5 …
6 …
BAD NEWS, GOOD TV? a
However, the problem isn’t just that the news tends to be depressing. Because we now have non-stop 24-hour news coverage, the journalist’s job has changed. They no longer just report the news. As they are broadcasting live, they have to make it interesting all the time so that the viewer will remain glued to the screen and not switch channels. Media experts have invented a new term, ‘infotainment’ — a combination of information and entertainment — to describe this. As one media commentator put it, ‘human interest has replaced public interest.’ b In this
new environment, TV networks have been struggling to keep up their ratings and to attract an audience which is becoming much more demanding. All programmes are being affected by this ratings war, including p rime time news, which needs to have a large audience to justify its position in the TV schedules. c The conclusion is clear: the mainstream media needs to start thinking
more about how it is reporting the news. Or is
anything now acceptable in the battle to win viewers? d Thirty
or forty years ago, you could only choose between two or three channels when you were watching TV. Those were the days of the mass media, when programmes were seen by tens of millions of viewers. Now, however, you can instantly flip through dozens of channels with the aid of your remote. What’s more, if you have cable or satellite TV, the choice is far greater. e Researchers
have shown that this negative bias* can have a very harmful effect. In one experiment, three groups of people were shown different news bulletins: one was shown only positive news, one saw only negative news, and the third watched news which was emotionally neutral. After they had seen the programme, the group who had been exposed to the negative version felt much sadder and more anxious than the others. In fact, when they were asked about their own lives, they tended to focus on their personal problems. f Because
of these commercial pressures, the news mustn’t only inform; it has to provoke and to entertain as well. This has led to increased sensationalism in news coverage and a tendency to emphasise stories that have a strong emotional impact. This often means that news programmes give preference to negative events, such as wars or natural disasters. * bias: inclination, preference, tendency partiality, favouritism: political bias
3
Answer the questions. 1 How has TV changed in the last few decades? 2 What is the direct consequence of the changes in the media panorama? 3 Why do directors of programming often include negative news? 4 What is the psychological effect of showing bad news all the time? 5 Why does 24-hour news coverage present problems for the reporter? 6 What is the author’s opinion about the news?
100
4
Match the beginnings (1-5) and endings (a-e) of these phrases from the text. 1 large / demanding 2 media 3 TV 4 mainstream / mass 5 non-stop / 24-hour / prime time
5
a media b TV c audience d network / schedule e expert / commentator
Look for phrases with the word news in the text and underline them. Is news followed by a singular or plural verb?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
) e c r u o s e n i l n o (
UNIT
10
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 87
Remember that in a sentence, we stress the words that contain the important information. Listen and repeat.
5
prime time non-stop mainstream satellite
Is anything now acceptable in the battle to win viewers? 2
Listen, check and repeat.
88
6
Tense review: present tenses - Present simple They no longer just report the news.
Compare your answers with your partner. Do you usually look at the TV schedules?
- Present continuous As they are broadcasting live, they have to make it interesting. - Present perfect simple I have lived in York for 9 years . I love it here. I have watched six programmes so far today . Media experts have invented a new term.* A plane has crashed near Oxford! *
schedules coverage
1 Do you usually look at the TV ... to see what programmes are on? Why? Why not? 2 Do you have cable or ... TV? Why? Why not? 3 When is ... TV in Spain? Do you watch anything at that time? 4 What do you think of the news ... of the Spanish royal family? 5 What newspapers would you consider to be part of the ... media in Spain? Why? 6 Do you think it’s good to have … 24-hour news channels? Why? Why not?
Underline the key words in the sentences. Then practise saying them. 1 I want to watch the news tonight. 2 I prefer to listen to music on the radio. 3 What’s your favourite TV programme? 4 Watching the news makes me feel depressed. 5 Do you have satellite or cable TV?
3
Complete the questions with the words from the box. Then answer them.
7
No, I don’t. I haven’t got enough time to watch TV.
Listen to an interview with a media expert. Tick (3) the topics that are mentioned.
89
(*) past action with a present result - Present perfect continuous TV networks have been struggling to keep up their ratings. see page 127
4
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 the Internet 2 satellite TV 3 blogs 4 TV personalities
BLOG
TV – no thanks! When you (1) ... (turn) on the TV, it (2) ... (seem) most of the time that they (3) ... (show) something really boring or trivial. I (4) ... (not watch) TV for over a year. My quality of life (5) ... (really / improve). For instance, I (6) ... (read) more than before. I (7) ... (do) yoga for three months now and I (8) ... (learn) with a 70-year-old woman from Japan! Some of my friends say that I (9) ... (take) a very extreme position about TV, but I know that I (10) ... (be) much happier since I stopped watching.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
8
5 6 7 8
the mass media popular programmes more choice for viewers problems for TV networks
Listen again. Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
89
1 The mass media is in very good health. 2 People have many media options nowadays. 3 The Internet makes listening to the news much easier. 4 There are no programmes with large numbers of viewers anymore. 5 The expert is happy about the changes.
101
The media Tense review: past tenses - Past simple Those were the days of the mass media. - Past continuous You could only choose between two or three channels when you were watching TV . - Past perfect After they had seen the programme, the group felt much sadder. Fíjate: I have lived in York for 9 years . I love it here. I lived in York for 9 years . I live in Leeds now . A plane has crashed near Oxford! At 11.27 last night, a plane crashed near Oxford .
This is Peter Butler reporting live from Capital City for Non-stop News . Violent anti-system activists have burned dozens of cars and smashed shop windows in the city centre. In fact, they’re (1) ... doing this (2) ... I’m speaking to you. The violence has been going on now (3) ... four hours. Twenty minutes (4) ... police chief Rory McDowell appeared and said that most of the protestors were political extremists or even criminals who had used the chaos to steal goods from shops. The President, Julia Lombard, has (5) ... condemned the violence as ‘the criminal acts of people who have no place in civilised society.’ Over 100 police officers have been injured in the protests and over 200 arrests have been made (6) ... . President Lombard and police chief McDowell are having an emergency meeting (7) ... .
see page 128
9
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. 1 I ... (watch) that film recently. 2 I ... (watch) the whole film yesterday. 3 I ... (watch) the film when the phone suddenly … (ring). 4 After I ... (watch) the film last night, I ... (go) to bed.
10
Write the complete questions and answers. 1 you / ever / be / Paris? yes / I / go / there / last year. 2 you see / the documentary / at 10 o’clock last night? no / I / do / my homework / then. 3 you / read / the paper / when / I / come in? no / I / not arrive / home / by then. 4 Doug / buy / a new TV / yet? yes / he / get / one / last weekend.
11
13
1 an action that took place before the main events in the story 2 an action which is happening now 3 a recent action with a present result 4 an action which started in the past and continues in the present 5 a single action in the past
Choose the correct option. 1 Kevin was sitting with the remote / distance control in his hand, eyes glued / directed to the screen as he jumped / flipped through the programmes / channels . 2 In order to keep / make up their ratings and to attract a big public / audience , many TV networks show programmes that are full of sensationalism / successes . 3 When journalists broadcast live / in direct and inform / report the news to viewers / spectators , they must be careful not to show bias / angle .
Match the actions which are in bold in the text from activity 12 to the following sentences.
14
Find two sentences in activity 12 where we don’t know or don’t want to mention who did the action.
15
Write a news report of a major news event: a natural disaster, a terrorist attack, a train crash, etc.
12
Read the report and complete the gaps with the words from the box.
ago at the moment for still already while so far
102
Use a mixture of past and present narrative tenses. You can include some verbs in the passive. Use a variety of time expressions. Begin your report.
This is Joe Hargreaves reporting live from...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
10
B Let’s listen to the radio! 6 Radio Verulam is a … channel. a local b national c music
BEFORE YOU WATCH
7 The station gives … to local charities and community organisations. a money b advice c publicity
Documentary 1
Match the photos of different ways of listening to the radio (1-5) to the words (a-e). Which do you prefer? 1
2
8 Approximately … of people in Britain listen to the radio during the week. a 90% b 20% c 60%
3
That’s Britain! 4
5
a smartphone b digital radio c Internet
4
d car radio e ipod/mp3 player
Nigel visits The National Media Museum in Bradford. What do you think he does there? Watch the video and check if you were right. 1 play old video games 2 act in a film 3 take photographs with old cameras 4 appear on TV with dinosaurs
Media
Museum’s
Come and visit our amazing museum full of interactive (1) … focusing on photography, television, (2) … , video gaming, the Internet and much more. In the Games Room you can play all the (3) … games on their original (4) … and in the Television Room you can pretend you are a (5) … reader. Meet Colin who has worked in the museum for (6) … years and has seen the media of film, photography and television totally (7) … . And finally, visit our TV (8) … and imagine you’re in the time of the dinosaurs. A fun day out for all the family!
That’s Britain! 2
Complete the National information leaflet.
Same language, different lives 5
Match the popular TV programmes (a-f) to the people from different countries (1-5). There may be more than one answer. 1
2
3
4
5
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary 3
a reality b soaps
Choose the correct option. 1 There are over … radio stations in the area of London. a 17 b 70 c 90 2 Every household which has … pays a licence fee to fund the BBC. a a radio b Internet c a television 3 The Archers is a popular radio … . a comedy b quiz show c soap opera 4 The Archers began in … and has broadcast over 17,000 episodes. a 1950 b 1960 c 1940 5 Annabelle thinks The Archers is really popular because it’s … . a dramatic b relaxing c violent
THAT’S ENGLISH!
c sport d cooking
e comedy f news
NOW YOU! 6
What kind of TV and radio programmes are the most popular among your family and friends? What kind of programmes do you think there should be more/less of? There are many popular programmes. It depends who you talk to. For example, my grandmother loves watching cooking programmes like Master Chef , whereas my father prefers sports programmes. Personally, I think there are too many football matches on TV.
103
The media
READING 1
Answer the questions. 1 What are the most popular TV programmes in Spain? 2 What is your favourite programme?
2
Read the text. Which question does it try to answer?
90
1 Which American hit series are the most popular? 2 Are certain types of TV programmes more popular in some countries than others? 3 What are the most popular British programmes in China and India?
TV around the world In today’s globalised world, is everyone now watching the same American hit series when they switch on their TV? Or do different countries show different preferences? For example, are soap operas like EastEnders more popular in Britain? Or sitcoms like Two and a Half Men bigger in the States? Or reality shows like Big Brother the preferred choice in Australia? To find out, we decided to look at the programmes which are currently all the rage in three very different countries: China, India and our own Britain. You’ll be surprised at what we found. Top of the ratings in China is a historical drama called The Legend of Zhen Huan. The series tells the story of a 17-year-old girl, Zhen Huan, who goes to work in the imperial palace and becomes one of the emperor’s concubines. Throughout the 76 episodes, we see how the young and innocent Zhen Huan gradually becomes a hard and ambitious woman, who will do anything to get power. The series has been a big hit in Japan too. Millions of people in India tune in every week to watch the top-rated show, Satyamev Jayate, a current affairs programme which deals with controversial social issues in India today. The audience figures are amazing: 400 million viewers on Indian television and YouTube every week. Hundreds of thousands of viewers also send in their opinions via Facebook, web comments, text message votes and phone-ins. One of the biggest shows on British TV in recent times has undoubtedly been Strictly Come Dancing. The programme is a talent contest with a difference: couples consisting of a celebrity and a professional dancer compete against each other to see who can do the best dance routines. Each week viewers vote by phone or online and their opinions are combined with those of a panel of expert judges. ) e c r u o s
So, is it true to say that the British prefer dance contests, the Chinese historical dramas and Indians more serious programmes? Unfortunately, the answer is not so simple. Indian and Chinese versions of Strictly Come Dancing are also aired and are very popular! And T he Legend of Zhen Huan is going to be adapted for TV screens in the U.S.
3
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Two and a Half Men and EastEnders are different types of programme. 2 The hit series in China and India show many similarities. 3 Zhen Huan is a happy, contented woman. 4 It’s difficult to imagine people from other countries liking The Legend of Zhen Huan . 5 Satyamev Jayate shows that people can have a lot of interest in ‘serious’ programmes. 6 In theory, anyone can compete in Strictly Come Dancing . 7 Audience participation is an important element in two of the programmes described.
104
4
e n i l n o (
Look at the highlighted words and answer the questions. 1 Which words describe different types of programmes? 2 Which words or expressions describe a programme that is popular? 3 Find a word or expression that means: a ratings b broadcast c switch on a programme
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
10
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 91
Listen to the two different pronunciations of the vowel combination ‘oa’.
/ / soap opera 2
What type of programmes do you like the most?
Put the words in the correct column.
coat keyboard approach coach road throat
//
92
Compare with your partner.
/ : / broadcast
boat load goal loan float abroad blackboard oar
3
6
Really? Why?
7
/:/
Answer the questions, then ask your partner. 1 What is your favourite series of all time? Why? 2 What programme is all the rage at the moment? Do you like it? 3 Can you think of an American programme that’s been a hit in Spain? Why was it so popular? 4 What type of programmes are usually aired on TV in the morning? 5 Have you ever taken part in a phone-in on a particular topic? If so, about what? 6 What are your favourite sports to watch on TV? Why?
Listen, check and repeat. Which of the two sounds is the most usual pronunciation of ‘oa’?
Tense review: future tenses
Will Tomorrow will be cold and windy I ’ll call him later.
.
Going to Scorsese is a great director so the film is going to be fantastic Zhen Huan is going to be adapted for TV screens in the U.S
Oh, definitely historical dramas.
,
.
8 93
.
Present continuous
1 ... 2 ... 3 ...
What are you doing on Saturday night? He’ s coming in 10 minutes .
see page 129
4
Write the sentences with the correct future form. Sometimes more than one form is possible. 1 I … (meet) Jan at 8 o’clock tomorrow. 2 Mike’s decided that he … (watch) less TV this year. 3 I think I … (order) a pizza and watch a film. 4 What do you think … (happen) next? 5 If George Clooney is the main actor, I’m sure that the film … (be) good. 6 This programme … (finish) in five minutes. 7 What ... (they / show) on TV tonight? 8 I’m really hungry — I think ... (make) a sandwich when the ads come on.
5
Put the following types of programme in order, according to your personal preference.
current affairs programmes reality shows soap operas sitcoms talent contests historical dramas
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to an interview with a TV critic. Put the programmes in the order that they are mentioned. a historical drama b current affairs programme c talent contest
9
Listen again. Choose the correct option.
93
1 Last week was … . a full of excellent programmes b a bad week for TV c full of good new programmes 2 You’re a star! … . a was presented by Jimmy Flynn b was won by Direction X c was very popular with viewers 3 This episode of Victoria … . a was the final one in the series b was about the Queen’s childhood c covered the first ten years of Victoria as queen 4 The next Viewpoints programme has a connection with … . a You’re a star! b Liverpool c Queen Victoria
105
The media
CONSOLIDATION 1
How often do you listen to the radio? 1 every day
2
2 a few days a week
3 not often
4 hardly ever
Read the text. Choose the best summary statement. 1 Want to be happy? Listen to the radio! 2 How the way we listen to the radio has changed. 3 The future of radio, TV and the Internet. RADIO
Then ... and now In today’s digital world, the idea of listening to the radio can seem a bit old-fashioned. It creates images of a family in the 1950s, sitting round the dinner table to listen to the six o’clock news on a large old radio set. However, the reality is very different: rather than being a thing of the past, radio is more popular than ever in the UK, with over 90% of the population tuning in each week. But what is the secret of the continuing success of this long-lasting medium? Apparently, it’s connected with something that we’re all looking for — happiness! According to a recent study, listening to the radio makes us happier than watching TV or browsing the Internet. It is especially good for us because it makes our daily obligations much more tolerable — the journey to work, doing the ironing, etc. Many people who took part in this study said that they hadn’t realised just how important the radio was for them until they’d actually been asked to think about it. Listening to the radio also helps us to feel that we’re not alone, as many programmes are broadcast live. This means, for example, that phone-in listeners can hear other people speaking in real time, which gives them the impression that they’re taking part in a real-life conversation. This is especially important for old people confined to their house or for people working nights, who can often feel isolated from the rest of the world. The radio also has one great advantage over the Internet: it’s not connected to unpleasant or routine jobs such as checking your bank statement, buying things online or, even worse, answering work emails! It’s also more psychologically beneficial than television because it gives us a constant level of pleasure. When people are watching TV, on the other hand, they can often feel a bit depressed when their favourite programme is over and they have to return to real life. Radio is such an important part of our daily lives that perhaps we’ve forgotten how deeply it affects us. We may listen to it on our MP3 player these days rather than on a conventional radio set, but the benefits are just the same: a constant source of enjoyment and companionship. When you think about it, there really is nothing like it.
3
4 The radio has advantages compared to ... . a the Internet only b TV only c the Internet and TV
Choose the correct option. 1 In the UK ... . a radio is more popular than TV b most people listen to the radio c radio is a thing of the past
5 The author thinks that ... . a we shouldn’t forget how important the radio is b radio is fantastic c it’s better to listen to the radio on an MP3 player
2 Listening to the radio ... . a is good for our mental health b is most often done when going to work c isn’t important for many people 3 One of the benefits of the radio is that ... . a people can phone in b there are programmes at night c it helps people to feel connected to others
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4 94
Listen to a radio phone-in. Tick ( 3) the topics discussed. 1 political bias in the news 2 sex and violence on TV 3 public broadcasting 4 sports coverage
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
5
Listen again. Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
8
94
1 The programme is about politics and TV. 2 Rosie isn’t happy with TV today. 3 Rosie doesn’t completely agree with th e radio presenter. 4 Both Bruce and Rosie think that TV should set an example. 5 Bruce is not in favour of the BBC. 6
Do the questionnaire. Answer question. Then read the key.
yes or no to
each
10
Use your answers to the questionnaire to write about your TV viewing habits. Use the following structure: Introduction: Begin: I’ve just done a questionnaire about watching TV . Paragraph 2: The positive aspects of your habits Paragraph 3: The negative aspects Paragraph 4: Conclusion
9
It’s Christmas Day and you only have one TV. Decide with your partner what to watch. Student A: You like adventure films, nature programmes and politics. You hate reality shows and boxing.
Are you a TV addict? Do you have more than one TV? 2 Do you watch more than two hours of TV per day? 3 Is your family TV on for over four hours per day? 1
Student B: You like historical dramas, boxing and reality shows. You hate politics and gardening.
4 Is your TV the focal point of your living room? 5 Do you have a TV in your bedroom? 6 Do you plan your free time around what’s on TV? 7 Do you eat dinner while watching TV? 8 When you read the paper, are the TV schedules the first thing that you look at? 9 Would it be impossible for you not to watch TV for a week? 10 Do you need TV to relax or fall asleep after a hard day? 11 Do you watch TV more than you talk to your family? 12 Do you sometimes have family arguments because you want to watch different programmes?
! V T r u o y g n i l l e s t u o b a k n i h t d l u o h s u o Y . m e l b o r p n o i t c i d d a s u o i r e s a e v a h y a m u o y : r e v o r o 9 s i l a t o t r u o y f I -
Channel 1 15.15 Indiana Jones and The Golden Cross — fantastic adventure film 17.15 The Smiths — a special Christmas episode of the hilarious sitcom 18.15 The year in politics — current affairs programme Channel 2 15.15 Uptown Hall — historical drama 17.15 Under the Water — documentary about dolphins 18.15 Big Sister — reality show Channel 3 15.15 Hollywood Calling — the final of the talent contest that’s all the rage. 17.15 Boxing — Joe Martinez vs. Hank Nolan 18.15 Your Garden — advice on growing winter flowers
. V T s s e l h c t a w o t y r t d l u o h s u o y : 8 d n a 5 n e e w t e b s i l a t o t r u o y f I ! e n o d l l e W . l l a t a e f i l r u o y l o r t n o c t o n s e o d V T : r e d n u r o 4 s i l a t o t r u o y f I -
OK, what shall we watch after lunch on Christmas day?
. r e w s n a ’ s e y ‘ h c a e r o f t n i o p 1 f l e s r u o y e v i G y e K
I really must see Indiana Jones and The Golden Cross. I love adventure films! 7
Discuss your answers with your partner. Do you have more than one TV?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Yes, we have three in the house!
But Uptown Hall is on at the same time. And you know that I love historical dramas!
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SELF TEST 1
10
3 If we want to flip up our ratings, we need to produce programmes that keep the viewer broadcast to the screen. 4 This programme has a definite political remote, but at least you can’t accuse it of news.
Seven of the sentences are incorrect. Correct them. 1 I was watching TV all morning. I should really do something else before lunch. 2 Last night Sean did his homework while he had listened to the radio. 3 I’m seeing Diane at ten o’clock tonight. 4 You can’t speak to Chris at the moment. He talks on the phone. 5 They say that it’s going to rain tomorrow. 6 When did the film The Godfather made? 7 Did you read that article in the paper yet? 8 ‘There’s someone at the door.’ ‘I’ll answer.’ 9 Did you sleep at 11 o’clock last night? 10 Graham has called a few minutes ago.
2
UNIT
5
Choose the odd word out. 1 a hit series b sitcom c top-rated show 2 a air b broadcast c tune in 3 a historical drama b reality show c hit
6 95
Put the verbs in the correct tense.
Listen to three news reports (1-3) and match them to the pictures (a-d). One report has more than one answer. a
c
b
d
Dr Who (1)
... (be) a British science fiction series that was broadcast for the first time in 1963. It (2) ... (be) an important part of British popular culture for over 50 years now, although the series (3) ... (not appear) on TV screens between 1989 and 2006. Many families in Britain (4) ... (watch) the programme together as it (5) ... (be) popular with people of all ages. Twelve actors (6) ... (play) the role of the Doctor so far. The latest (7) ... (be) Peter Capaldi, who first (8) ... (appear) in a 2013 Christmas special. Although no one (9) ... (know) for sure what (10) ... (happen) in the future, it (11) ... (seem) likely that the programme (12) ... (continue) to be a national favourite for many years to come.
1 ... 7
2 ...
3 ...
Listen again. Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones.
95
3
1 The streets haven’t been cleaned for over a month. 2 Doctors are worried about the rats on the streets. 3 Heavy rain fell for four days. 4 Firemen and the army are coordinating the traffic. 5 Lions have killed many sheep near Tawny. 6 The police think the reports are difficult to believe.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box. audience networks prime time mainstream non-stop coverage
1 ... 24-hour TV is now a reality. 2 ... TV in the UK is between 7 and 10 pm. 3 Many media experts say that the ... media is less important than before. 4 Some people think that there is too much news ... of the royal family. 5 It is more and more difficult for TV ... to attract a large ... . 4
Put the words in bold in the correct sentence. 1 It’s easy to keep through channels with a bias. 2 As a journalist, I like to glued live and to report the sensationalism as it happens.
108
8
Write a paragraph about the programmes you watch on TV. Use a mixture of past, present and future tenses. Write about: what type of programmes you like in general your favourite programme ever what you watched last night what you are going to watch over the next few days
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
11 THAT’S ENGLISH!
THAT’S ENGLISH! Revision
THAT’S ENGLISH! THAT’S ENGLISH!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
S E V I T C E J B O
· To review the contents of module 8 · To prepare for the end of module test 6 ‘I made a terrible mistake,’ Irene admitted / denied . 7 ‘Don’t move,’ the policeman declared / ordered Oscar. 8 ‘Things will be better next week,’ Jane’s sister admitted / promised . 9 ‘Did you have a good time?’ Linda’s grandfather enquired / guaranteed .
GRAMMAR 1
Choose the correct option. 1 Her car won’t start so she can’t go nowhere / anywhere / somewhere . 2 Which / What / Whose Beatles album do you prefer, the Blue or the Red ? 3 ‘I’ve just been to the baker’s.’ ‘So have I.’ / ‘Neither have I.’ / ‘So I haven’t.’ 4 ‘He’d like a better job.’ ‘So did I.’ / ‘So had I.’ / ‘So would I.’ 5 Who did take / took / was taken a photo at the concert? 6 How many people you gave / gave you / did you give a grant to? 7 Why was he sent / was sent he / was sent a letter by the council? 8 The people have been told / have been telling / has told to use the right bins for recycling. 9 What does the course consist of / on / in ? 10 He can’t drive a car rather / very / enough well.
2
Choose the correct reporting verb and rewrite the sentences. 1 ‘Jeremy hasn’t finished his degree yet,’ my sister promised / informed me. 2 ‘Where do you find information about new music, Peter?’ Kate insisted / asked . 3 ‘Please send me the details by email immediately,’ Sarah asked / suggested me. 4 Jack’s mother told / asked him, ‘Don’t make any noise while I’m talking on the phone.’ 5 ‘Why don’t you take your phone to the repair shop?’ Gerry suggested / explained to me.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Write sentences about these situations. Use the verb in brackets + perfect infinitive . 1 I didn’t get a debit card and now I need one. I … a debit card. (should) 2 I saw a man who looked like a detective. The man … a detective. (might) 3 You didn’t help the old lady when you had the chance. That was a mistake. You … the old lady. (could) 4 The car wasn’t John’s. I’m almost sure. The car … John’s. (can’t) 5 They’re late. Perhaps they’ve had an accident. They … an accident. (may)
Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets. What (1) … (you / do) if you (2) … (have) the best job in the world? It is hard to imagine a perfect job. If I (3) … (win) the lottery, I (4) … (give up) my current job, but I (5) … (not think) I (6) … (stop) working completely. My friend Gwen says that when she (7) … (retire), she (8) … (travel) abroad to work as a volunteer. If she (9) … (find) a school that needs help, she (10) … (work) for a few months there. I can’t teach, but I (11) … (like) to do something similar, maybe I (12) … (be) able to do office work.
3
4
6 He’s not answering the phone. I’m sure he’s gone out. He … out. (must) 5
Complete the sentences with a preposition or relative pronoun if necessary. 1 The man, … lived in London, worked in Birmingham. 2 ‘What is that machine … ?’ ‘Cutting paper.’ 3 ‘Who did you see … ?’ ‘ My old teacher.’ 4 I gave him a present … he didn’t like. 5 He bought an iPad … has 32GB memory.
6
Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form. 1 I … (give) a PC last birthday. 2 Students … (tell) to register every Monday. 3 The actress … (give) an interview on Monday. 4 Jan … (just offer) a new post at work. 5 Frank … (pay) extra if he works overtime. 6 The band … (just / release) a new album.
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Revision 4
VOCABULARY 1
1 Our … has a policy to use alternative energies to reduce … . 2 The most popular … on TV at the moment is about a … politician and his left-wing family. 3 Some … , who earn a lot of money, leave their country to avoid paying … . 4 The film’s … won an Oscar – the music was great.
Complete the text with the words from the box. brands checkout corner shop fake lend overdraft owe receipt value withdraw Henry is very careful with money and his possessions. He takes time when he goes shopping to check his (1) … after he has paid at the (2) … and always avoids well-known (3) … because he knows they are more expensive. expensive. I have seen him in the (4) … writing down the prices of different products to compare them with the supermarket. He’ll even buy a product that he knows is a (5) … if he thinks it is good (6) … for money money. If he has to (7) … money money to a friend, he writes the amount in a notebook so that he won’t forget what they (8) … him. As for banks, he never has an (9) ( 9) … because he doesn’t want to spend more than he has and he will only (10) … the exact amount he needs in cash for the week.
2
1 Will you be able to attend / assist to the course next week? 2 The director / conductor of the orchestra is very young. trainee accountant. accountant. 3 I am working as a trainer / trainee I hope to qualify next year. 4 After two years on the committee, members resign to have to retire / resign to let other members participate. 5 Due to financial problems the company has had to make 50 people redundant / fire 50 people . applied for for a job as a traffic 6 I have enrolled / applied warden. 7 The company needs to cater for / recruit three new employees. 8 One of the wages / perks of the job is a company car. 9 She’s studying for a career / degree in engineering at university. win more 10 I need to earn / win more money to support my family. 3
Match the words to make a compound word. 1 sound 2 income 3 right 4 global 5 local 6 soap 7 mega
110
PRONUNCIATION 1 96
a warming b opera c tax d stars e track f council g wing
Choose the word that is pronounced differently. Listen and check. 1 2 3 4
2 97
Choose the correct option.
Use the nouns from activity 3 to complete the sentences.
98
debt deb wea eak k broa br oad d nervous nervou s
99
climb clim b stea st eak k coa oatt aboutt abou
I could have left my phone at home. He can see you have been working hard. They couldn’t stop the flood. Can you help me?
Underline the word stress. Then listen and check. 1 postgraduate greenhouse 2 misbehaviour co-owner 3 parliament democrat
4
subway sub tea loa oaff sou ound nd
Mark the stressed word(s) in each sentence. Then listen and check. 1 2 3 4
3
doubt doub mea eatt soa oap p how ow
careers advice earthquake megastar interaction parliamentary political
footprint email graduate trainee minibus autobiography independent constituent
Mark the sentences with rising intonation ( ›) or falling intonation (› ). Then listen again a gain and repeat. 1 A: ‘My father’s in hospital.’ B: ‘I’m terribly sorry!’ 2 A: ‘Where do you want to go?’ B: ‘Who cares?’ 3 A: ‘I lost Ð100 in the shop.’ B: ‘How dreadful!’ 4 A: ‘Would you like a bag?’ B: ‘No, thanks. I brought my own.’ 5 A: ‘What do you think about this one?’ you’re re absolutely a bsolutely right!’ B: ‘Let me see… Yes, you’
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
READING COMPREHENSION I 1
2
Answer the questions. 1 What was the result resu lt of phoning phon ing the speaker spea ker company in each case? 2 What was the difference between the handbags bought from the fashion company? 3 What did the reviewers reviewers like or dislike about the new album? 4 Which review(s) might be fake? Why?
Read the reviews and match them (a-f) to what they are about (1-6). 1 User-friendly and customer support 2 The best for trendy people 3 No after-sales service 4 Even better than before 5 Bad quality 6 The same s ame again
11
READING COMPREHENSION II 3
Can you believe what you read on the Internet?
Complete the article with these extracts. a who want to make the world a greener place b because of the high cost of producing that kind of power c not only because of the expense, but also in order to reduce our ‘carbon footprint’ d that does not harm the environment e that own the patents and technology
Recently there has been extensive research into customer reviews on shopping and entertainment websites. There are concerns that fake reviews are being written by people paid to give a better impression of the service offered. Or are companies writing reviews to criticise their competitors’ products? Would you trust these reviews?
Green political parties have traditionally been considered as idealistic, alternative, left-wing groups. However, nowadays the concept of a sustainable economy (1) … is common to most political manifestos.
a I waited three weeks for my speakers to be delivered and when they arrived, I realised that two of the connector cables were missing. When I called the company, I could only talk to a recorded message that told me to try again later. I certainly wouldn’t recommend this company to anyone!
Some think that the ideas of those people (2) … are anti-science and technology, but this is not necessarily true. For example, many of the concerns about nuclear power are due to economic factors (3) … . Those who are worried about genetically-modified food don’t want to deprive poorer countries of improved food sources, but think that the companies (4) … have too much power.
b I am very disappointed. I bought this album thinking that it would be something original, but all the tracks are versions of their previous songs. Nothing new! I suppose they have run out of ideas!
Another impression that many people have is that the green parties are the only ones interested in environmental protection. Again, this is no longer the case. In Europe, there are many initiatives on the part of companies and politicians to incorporate sustainability and good environmental practices into business practices and national policies. For example, IKEA has plans to provide all the energy for its furniture manufacturing process using solar and wind power. In Germany, the government is planning to promote the use of electric cars. Governments from developing countries have policies to develop greener economies.
c I bought these speakers online and was extremely happy with the service. They were delivered by a nice talkative courier a week after placing the order and the instruction manual was very clear, so I was able to install them without problems. The only difficulty I had was solved with a quick phone call to the suppliers.
Even individuals are much more aware of green issues than in the past. Most of us recycle, try to use less polluting fuel and save energy, (5) … , that is, the effect we have on the environment. In recent years we have all become a little ‘greener’!
d Don’t think that you get good value here! The bags were advertised as Gucci originals, but I suppose that, for the price, I should have realised. After two weeks a hole appeared in one corner and the zip has broken. 4
e Wow! The best album yet from this great band! Don’t miss the version of Look Out, which combines the original tune with a reggae rhythm, and the powerful lyrics with a message to all teenagers.
f My sister was delighted with the bag I ordered from your website. It’s strong and elegant. I think I’ll buy one for myself. A great present for a woman who wants to be in fashion – a must for Christmas!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Decide if the sentences are true ( 3) or false ( 7). Correct the false ones. 1 Green policies are only promoted by left-wing political parties. 2 Environmentali Environmentalists sts are not always against technological advances. 3 A furniture company wants to use just solar power in its factories. 4 The writer thinks that people are only interested in protecting the environment to save money.
111
Revision 4 Where did Amancio Ortega sell clothes when he was young? a in street markets b in fashion stores c in his parents’ shop 5 Lula da Silva became interested in politics because ... . a he worked on the street b he saw unfair situations c he wanted to be president of his country
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I 1 100
Listen to the interview with the organiser of a summer course and complete the information. Name of the company: (1) company: (1) … Number of courses available: (2) available: (2) … Sports courses: (3) courses: (3) … , water sports Art courses: (4) courses: (4) … (low level), sculpture (high level) Age of participants: over participants: over (5) … (we can organise private groups of teenagers)
WRITING I 1
Accommodation: (6) Accommodation: (6) … Location: (7) … Location: (7) Evening entertainment: (8) entertainment: (8) … and (9) …
You see this job advertised online. Write a letter of application for the post (100-150 words). Remember to include information about your experience, skills and interest in working for the company company..
Website: (10) Website: (10) … Southern India project manager
LISTENING COMPREHENSION II 2 101
Listen to the programme and complete the table with notes about the famous people. There may be one or more words per gap. Name
3 101
112
We are looking for a motivated, well-organised manager to run our volunteer programme in Southern India. We are willing to consider applicants of any nationality, but good English skills will be necessary. Experience in managing people is also a requirement, but not necessarily in the field of cooperation. cooperation. We work on building and sanitation projects. Interested? Letters of application to be sent to Mr R Singh (
[email protected]).
First job
Current business
Income/ fortune
Richard Branson
with a ............
............ ............ ............ space travel
Simon Cowell
in the mail room of a ............
............ and ............ world
............
Sidney Poitier
in the ............
............
............
Amancio Ortega
selling ............
............ business
Lula da Silva
............ on the street
Dear Mr Singh, I am writing to apply for the job advertised…
WRITING II 2
............
............
............
Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What was Richard Branson’s first magazine about? a airlines b arts c space travel 2 What kind of TV programmes does Simon Cowell appear in? a concert performances b crime series c talent shows 3 How did Sidney Poitier pay for his drama classes? a by washing dishes b by looking after a school c by joining the army
Write an article (100-150 words) about the importance of technology in our lives. Think about how technology is used in the following situations: - At work: professional software, email communications, videoconferencing, videoconferencing, etc. - At home: contact with friends and family, internet banking – transfers, online statements, etc. - For travelling: booking flights, information about destinations, etc. Remember to: use a paragraph for each idea include rhetorical questions to keep the readers’ attention include examples or an anecdote
Where would we be nowadays without a computer, a mobile phone or a tablet? Everywhere we go, we are surrounded by technology…
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT
11
ORAL EXPRESSION: MONOLOGUE 1
Speak for 90 seconds about an important politician who has received worldwide recognition. Be ready to include the following points: Give information about who he/she is. Describe his/her personality, appearance or other important characteristics. Explain what he/she did. Describe his/her achievements and mention criticism of some of his/her actions, if any. Give your opinion about him/her.
ORAL EXPRESSION: INTERACTION 2
Read the following situation and discuss the points below with your partner.
Your village is preparing a three-day programme for the annual local festival. You and your partner are members of the organising committee. Try to reach an agreement on the following: what type of music to have each day
which members of the community the music is for
which celebrity you should invite to start the festivities
what other activities you could organise
Why don’t we have reggae music one night?
I think we should invite Will Smith. He’s very funny.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
That’s a good idea.
Yes, but I think he is too famous to come to our village.
We need music for older people too.
Let’s have a children’s day with games.
How about more traditional music?
A good DJ is always popular with young people.
113
Reference Section sucederá si se cumple una condición que se ve como probable.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
If you come to class everyday , you will be able to pass the final test . I won’t have much free time to study if I enrol in an evening course .
Unit 1 1 ORACIONES CONDICIONALES Las oraciones condicionales se utilizan para hablar de acciones o situaciones hipotéticas y sus resultados. Tienen dos partes, la subordinada condicional (que suele empezar con la partícula if y establece una condición o hipótesis) y la oración principal (que expresa el resultado o consecuencia). Los diferentes tipos de oración condicional (cero, primera, segunda o tercera) marcan distintos grados de certeza de que el resultado se cumpla.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
1 Forma If + sujeto + past simple , sujeto + would (‘d ) / would not (wouldn’t ) + infinitivo. If I finished my degree in June, they would give me a job after the summer . If he didn’t have a grant , he wouldn’t be able to study . You ’d feel better if you joined an evening class .
Fíjate En todas las condicionales, la parte que lleva if puede ir situada al principio o al final de la oración. Si va al principio, siempre irá seguida de coma.
If I was / were younger , I would start a new career . If she wasn’t / weren’t a good student , I wouldn’t pay for her studies .
ZERO CONDITIONAL
2 Uso
1 Forma If + sujeto + present simple , sujeto + present simple .
If the course is too difficult , people can’t follow it . It is easier to get a job if you have a degree .
2 Uso
Este tipo de oraciones se utiliza para expresar verdades universales y atemporales (el resultado de la condición siempre se cumple). En estas oraciones if equivale a when .
You could get better marks if you tried harder . If you asked really nicely , they might make an exception with you . THIRD CONDITIONAL
1 Forma
If + sujeto + present simple , imperativo es una variante de esta estructura que se utiliza para dar consejos o instrucciones.
If + sujeto + past perfect , sujeto + would / wouldn’t + have + past participle . If I had studied more when I was younger , I would have finished my degree . You wouldn’t have got a student loan if you hadn’t asked for it .
If you need help , ask your careers advisor . Sign up for an evening course if you see one you like . FIRST CONDITIONAL
1 Forma
2 Uso
If + sujeto + present simple , sujeto + will / won’t + infinitivo.
2 Uso Este tipo de oraciones se usa para indicar lo que
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Este tipo de oraciones se usa para hablar de situaciones que no sucedieron en el pasado porque no se cumplió una condición previa. If I had had a degree, they would have given me the job . (= I didn’t have a degree and they didn’t give me the job)
If I retire next year , I will have a lot of free time to study . You won’t succeed if you don’t try .
Se pueden usar los verbos could o might en lugar de would para expresar posibilidad o probabilidad más remota.
Esta estructura también es muy frecuente en el lenguaje científico. If you heat this substance , it becomes liquid .
Este tipo de oraciones describen una situación presente o futura, hipotética o poco probable, dependiente de la condición expresada en la parte de la oración que comienza con if . If he had more time , he would study more . (but he doesn’t have more time) If I passed this test , I would go to university next year . (but I probably won’t)
If / When you spend a year abroad , you get better career prospects . You can save a lot of money if / when you apply for a course through the net . If / When you don’t study , it becomes difficult to pass the exams .
Con las personas I / he / she / it del verbo be , se puede usar tanto was como were . Were es más formal y más frecuente con I que con he / she / it .
Igual que en la segunda condicional, también se pueden usar los verbos could o might en lugar de would para expresar menor certeza o posibilidad.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
If you had asked me , I could have helped you . I might have found a better job if I had finished my studies .
y adverbios en general, ya sean comparativos o no. Studying on your own is a bit (more) difficult.
2 ADVERBIOS DE GRADO Los adverbios de grado ( very , really , extremely , quite , rather , etc.) se utilizan para expresar la intensidad de una cualidad y se colocan delante del adjetivo o adverbio al que modifican.
En cambio slightly , que tiene un significado muy parecido, así como a lot , far y much , que tienen el significado contrario, solamente se usan seguidos de un comparativo. Online courses can be slightly more difficult to follow than a regular class . A full-time course is a lot / far / much more demanding .
I have enrolled in a really interesting course . My advisor helped me find it very quickly . It is rather expensive but extremely practical .
ENOUGH Este adverbio, que expresa que una cualidad se tiene en grado suficiente, es una excepción importante a la regla de colocación de los adverbios de grado ya que se coloca detrás del adjetivo o adverbio al que modifica. The test was easy enough for any student, but I didn’t work fast enough to answer all of the questions.
VERY, REALLY, COMPLETELY, TOTALLY, ABSOLUTELY, etc.
NEARLY / ALMOST Nearly y almost expresan que la cualidad no se puede aplicar del todo pero falta muy poco para que sea así. It’s nearly / almost impossible to finish this degree in only two years .
3 OFRECER Y PEDIR INFORMACIÓN O AYUDA Para ofrecer y pedir información o ayuda se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones: Ofrecer información
Can I help you? / How (exactly) can I help? Very y really son muy parecidos y expresan gran intensidad. Con los adjetivos que no son graduables (ej. impossible , perfect , huge , wonderful , etc.), no se puede usar very sino really o adverbios que hagan referencia a un grado sumo (completely , totally , absolutely ...). The choice is very / really difficult . It is really / absolutely / totally / completely impossible to start this job without previous training .
QUITE / RATHER / PRETTY
Tanto quite como rather expresan cantidad más que suficiente. Sin embargo, quite suele usarse en frases apreciativas (aunque también puede acompañar a adjetivos o adverbios con connotaciones negativas), mientras que rather suele aplicarse a comentarios negativos. Your qualifications are quite impressive . Their prospectus is rather useless .
A veces se usa rather con adjetivos o adverbios positivos para expresar que el hecho de que fueran positivos resulta sorprendente para el hablante. Their courses were rather cheap .
Quite y rather también pueden modificar al vebo like . I quite like studying at the Open University . I rather like distance learning . It’s not as impersonal as I thought it would be .
Pretty es una alternativa, más informal, de quite . This is a pretty good career opportunity .
What (exactly) would you like (to know)? If you need more detailed information, please + imperativo If you need more detailed information , please send us an email . Solicitar información
Excuse me, I’d like to know + sustantivo o interrogativa indirecta Can / Could * you tell me + sustantivo o interrogativa indirecta I’d like some information about + sustantivo o –ing. Excuse me , I’d like to know the price of the course / what the price of the course is . Can / Could you tell me the price of the course / how much the course costs? I’d like some information about the courses you offer / becoming a full-time student . Pedir ayuda
Excuse me, I need some help. Can / Could * you give me a hand? Can / Could * you help me , please?
A BIT / A LITTLE / SLIGHTLY / A LOT / FAR / MUCH
Please , help me.
A bit y a little expresan poca intensidad de la cualidad a la que se refieren. Ambos se pueden usar con adjetivos
*Recuerda que could es más amable, educado o formal que can .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Reference Refer ence Section Se ction 4 PREGUNTAS CON PREPOSICIÓN AL FINAL. INTERROGATIVAS INDIRECTAS
Cuando queremos hacer preguntas de un modo más amable, educado o formal, solemos usar preguntas indirectas introducidas por expresiones como Do you ..., Can / Could you tell me , Would you mind know ..., ..., etc. telling me ...,
Do you know / / Could you tell me what what time the course starts? where the careers advisor Would you mind telling me where office is?
Las interrogativas indirectas tienen la misma estructura que una oración afirmativa, es decir, el sujeto va delante del verbo y no se utiliza auxiliar interrogativo do / / did .
Si se trata de una yes / no question (sin pronombre interrogativo), en la interrogativa indirecta hay que utilizar if o o whether . Is the enrolment period still open? Can you tell me if / whether the enrolment period is still open?
1 Forma Podemos expresar acuerdo o coincidencia con algo que se ha dicho mediante oraciones con so y y neither .
‘They’re quite happy with my bank .’ .’ ‘So am I .’ .’ ‘My best friend needs to borrow some money to buy .’ ‘So does my son .’ a new car .’ ‘My bank gave me a loan last month. .’ So did mine .’ month.’ ‘ So ‘I haven’t changed banks in years .’ .’ ‘Neither have have I.’ ‘She’ll never pay back her mortgage .’ .’ ‘Neither will we .’ .’
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Absolutely!
I think so, too .
Exactly!
I couldn’ t agree more.
I (totally) agree .
That’s true .
That’s a good point .
You’re (absolutely) right.
‘Banks should never charge for receiving money .’ .’ ‘Absolutely ! ! / Exactly ! ! / I totally agree / I couldn’t .’ agree more .’ ‘Banks can’t expect everyone to know how to use the .’ ‘Yes ‘ Yes , that’s a good point / that’s just what Internet .’ I was thinking / I think so , too / that’s true / you’re .’ (absolutely) right .’
1 EXPRESAR ACUERDO Y DESACUERDO CON SO Y NEITHER
El auxiliar es el mismo que usaríamos para poner en forma interrogativa la oración con la que estamos de acuerdo.
Además de so y neither , se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones para expresar acuerdo:
That’s just what I was thinking .
Unit 2
En lenguaje informal, es muy común usar las expresiones me too y me neither como alternativa a y neither respectivamente respectivamente cuando se utilizan con la so y primera persona del singular.
2 OTRAS MANERAS DE EXPRESAR ACUERDO Y DESACUERDO
Si la pregunta indirecta incluye una preposición, igual que en el caso de las interrogativas directas, esta va al final.
So + auxiliar + sujeto Neither + auxiliar + sujeto
es una alternativa poco frecuente de neither . Nor es .’ ‘I’ve never borrowed money from a bank .’ ‘Nor have I / / Neither have .’ have I .’
‘I like Internet banking .’ .’ ‘Me too / / So do I .’ .’ ‘They were broke after making some bad investments .’ .’ ‘Me too / / So was I .’ .’ ‘She can’t find a job .’ .’ ‘Me / Neither can I .’ .’ Me neither neither / ‘I don’t owe any money to anyone .’ .’ ‘Me neither / .’ Neither do I .’
What type of course are you interested in? Could you please tell me what type of course you are interested in ? ? Who do I need to speak with? Do you know who I need to speak with ?
Neither se utiliza para expresar coincidencia con una negación (tampoco / ni). ‘My bank doesn’t charge a fee for transfers .’ .’ ‘Neither does mine .’ .’ ‘My parents haven’t retired yet .’ .’ ‘Neither have mine .’ .’
What time does the course start? Can you tell me what time the course starts ? ? When did the enrolment period end? Would you mind telling me when the enrolment ? period ended ?
So se utiliza para expresar coincidencia con una afirmación (también). ‘I hate using cashpoint machines .’ .’ ‘So does my .’ grandmother .’ ‘I can withdraw money at any bank with my new .’ ‘So can I .’ .’ card .’
En inglés, cuando una pregunta lleva una preposición, esta se coloca siempre al final. De lo contrario, la pregunta sonaría extraña, anticuada o excesivamente formal. What type of course are you interested in ? ? Who do I need to speak to ? ?
2 Uso
Para expresar desacuerdo se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones:
I’m sorry to disagree with you, but...
I’m not so sure about that.
I see what you mean, but don’t you think...?
I don’t think...
I see see you ourr po poin intt, but but.. ....
I wou would ldn’ n’tt sa say th that at..
I’m afraid I don’t agree / I disagree.
I’m not with you in that.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
A: I believe local currencies are good for the economy . B: I’m sorry to disagree with you / I see what you mean / I see your point , but I I think it’s the opposite. / I Don’t you think they are only good at a very local level ? A: A local currency can attract visitors to a place . B: I’m afraid I don’t agree . / I’m not so sure about that . / I wouldn’t say that . I don’t think people people will actually travel to a particular town to see the local currency!
3 EXPRESAR OPINIONES Para dar opiniones se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones: In my opinion / view
I’d like to point out that...
As I see it
Personally, I think / believe that...
As fa far as as I’ I’m concerned
To be be ho honest
It seems to me that...
From my point of view
I’m quite sure that...
I’d say that...
I was offered a I was a new credit card . A new credit card was card was offered to to me. (infrequent) They will send each each customer customer a a letter letter . CI CD Each customer will customer will be sent a letter . A letter will letter will be sent to to each customer .
Fíjate En el segundo tipo de estructura (cuando es el complemento directo el que se convierte en sujeto) el complemento indirecto va precedido por la preposición to . Recuerda que si se quiere expresar el agente de la acción en una oración en voz pasiva, este se coloca al final del grupo verbal, precedido por by . The loan was approved by the bank manager . They were charged a fee by their own bank .
Unit 3 1 EXPRESAR ARREPENTIMIENTO REFERIDO AL PASADO: SHOULD / SHOULDN’T HAVE
It’s quite obvious that...
1 Forma In my opinion , / As As I see it , / As far as I am concerned , It seems to me that / that banks fees are too / It / I’d say that banks high for regular customers . I’m quite sure that / It’s quite obvious that / / It’s / From my point of view , they take advantage of their power. I’d like to point out that / To be honest , banks also offer many essential services .
Sujeto + should should / / shouldn’t shouldn’t + + have + + participio pasado We should have recycled all all that paper . We shouldn’t have thrown it it away .
2 Uso
4 LA VOZ PASIVA La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando queremos dar más importancia a una acción o a los resultados de una acción que a quien la realizó. Se forma con be (en (en cualquier tiempo) + participio pasado del verbo principal. Normalmente el complemento directo de una oración en voz activa se convierte en sujeto en voz pasiva.
Se utiliza fundamentalmente para mostrar arrepentimiento, reprobación o lamentarse por un hecho del pasado, expresando lo que debería haber sido distinto. You’ve bought regular bulbs, but you should have bought low-consumption low-consumption bulbs . She shouldn’t have dumped all that cooking oil of it at a down the drain. She should have disposed of recycling centre .
Voz activa: Sujeto + Verbo + Comp. directo They closed all the banks during the crisis.
En la pronunciación habitual de should have , el verbo have se se relaja y se pronuncia / v/. Esto a veces se refleja en la escritura informal con la abreviatura should’ve . I should’ve put out the kitchen waste last night .
Voz pasiva: All the banks were closed during the crisis.
En inglés, el complemento indirecto también puede convertirse en el sujeto de una oración en voz pasiva cuando se quiere dar más importancia a la pers ona que recibe la acción que al agente del verbo. They asked me to to sign a document . I was asked to sign a document .
2 EXPRESAR POSIBILIDAD EN EL PASADO:
COULD / MAY / MIGHT HAVE 1 Forma
They didn’t know what had happened . It could have been a a tsunami because the streets were flooded . Scientists may have found a way to produce clean fuels . We might have killed millions millions of bees with pesticides without noticing .
De hecho, cuando hay dos complementos, uno directo y otro indirecto, es más frecuente que sea el complemento indirecto el que se convierta en sujeto. Especialmente con verbos como give , send , show , lend , ask , tell , offer , order y pay . They offered me me a a new credit new credit card . CI
THAT’S ENGLISH!
CD
Sujeto + could / / may / / might + have + + participio pasado
2 Uso
May + have + participio se utiliza para hablar de la posibilidad de que algo haya sucedido en el pasado.
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Reference Refer ence Section Se ction Might / could + have + participio expresa una posibilidad más remota. The greenhouse effect may have changed the the climate . (puede que lo haya cambiado)
The greenhouse effect might / could have changed the climate . (podría haberlo cambiado)
Unit 4
1 HACER CONJETURAS REFERIDAS AL PASADO
Con could / might + have + participio también nos referimos a algo que podría haber pasado o se podría haber realizado en el pasado pero no sucedió, no se intentó o no se logró. Could suele suele añadir la idea de que se tenía la capacidad suficiente para realizar la acción.
Sujeto + must / can’t / may (not) / might (not) / could + participio pasado (not) + have +
It must have been very very difficult to find strawberries at this time of year . You can’t have found them them in your local supermarket . You may have spent more more money on that coat than you should . A small shop might not have been a a cheaper option for the new watch you bought . The man at customer service could have been the same person that called me on the phone . phone .
The volcanic eruption could / might have killed thousands of people , but no one was hurt . They could / might have prevented the the oil spill with stricter laws for offshore drilling . We could / might have avoided the tornado season but we wanted to travel in the spring . spring .
Fíjate No se usa can para para hablar de posibilidad en el pasado. Hay que usar could . She could have reused those bags instead of throwing them away .
3 EXPRESAR PREOCUPACIÓN
Las siguientes expresiones se pueden utilizar para expresar preocupación:
Para hacer conjeturas o deducciones sobre el pasado usamos los verbos must , can’t , may , might y could seguidos de have y y un participio pasado:
expresan certeza (estamos seguros de que Must y can’t expresan algo ocurrió o no ocurrió), mientras que may , might y y could expresan posibilidad, que es más remota en el caso de might y y could .
Cierto: past simple
They found a a bargain at the sales .
Muy probable: must
They must have made a a mistake when they put a tag on this . This price is too high. high .
Posible: may (not)
It may have been a a good idea to order Sally’s gift online . online . The toy she wanted is very difficult to find . You may not have saved as as much money as you think .
Improbable: / could might (not) /
That customer might not have our service because she liked our never came back . She could have popped out for for a minute when I called because no one answered the phone .
Imposible: can’t / couldn’t
That piece of furniture can’t have cost more than a hundred pounds . It’ It’s s very poor quality . They couldn’t have closed the shops because it was only 3 o’clock .
Cierto: past simple (negative)
He didn’t have a a credit card .
be worried about be concerned about be afraid of
+ sustantivo o -ing
my biggest worry is / concerned about the environment . I am worried / solar panels because they They are afraid of install ing ing solar are expensive . ways to stop My biggest worry is pollution / find ing ing ways pollution .
4 COMPARATIVAS PARA EXPRESAR PROCESOS DE CAMBIO
Podemos expresar que algo está experimentando un cambio continuo y gradual con la siguiente estructura: Comparativo + and + comparativo
The prices of petrol are getting higher and higher . Summers have become drier and drier .
Si se trata de un comparativo con more *, *, se repite more :
More and more + adjetivo / adverbio The sea is getting more and more polluted . Tornadoes are hitting the coast more and more often . More and more people are concerned about the environment . * Recuerda que usamos more con los sustantivos, los adverbios en –ly y y los adjetivos de más de dos sílabas o que, teniendo dos sílabas, no terminen en –y , –er , –le .
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
I prefer to buy my shoes in a local shoe shop and I’m lucky because there are many shoe shops in my neighbourhood . Debit cards can be free , depending on the bank .
Fíjate El opuesto de must es can’t . No se usa mustn’t . También se puede usar could not / couldn’t con el mismo significado que can’t cuando la frase se refiere al pasado.
He must have been rich because he always bought the most expensive items . He can’t / couldn’t have been rich because he lived in a horrible place .
2 EMPATIZAR O EXPRESAR CONDOLENCIA
Una excepción a esta norma son los sustantivos clothes y sports , que se utilizan en plural. She works in the clothes department of a famous design firm so she loves clothes shops . For me , buying a sports car is a waste of money but my brother has several sports cars .
También puede haber adjetivos delante del sustantivo que modifica al nombre. That is a huge department store .
Para empatizar o expresar condolencia se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones:
How That’s
Los adjetivos describen la situación como muy mala o tienen connotaciones negativas, puesto que se r efieren a una mala situación o a los sentimientos que debe de haber producido: awful , terrible , horrible , dreadful , disgusting , rotten , upsetting , annoying , etc. A: I found out about a great bargain yesterday but I couldn’t get to the shop in time. B: How / That’s / That must have been (upsetting , annoying) ! A: We had to queue up for two hours just to get into the shop! B: How / That’s / That must have been (awful , terrible , annoying) !
This is the best sports clothes department in town . I am an efficient customer service agent .
+ adjetivo + !
That must have been
4 DESCRIBIR OBJETOS (2): DESCRIBIR EL MATERIAL DEL QUE ESTÁ HECHO UN OBJETO
You must be very upset (about that)!
En inglés es muy común usar un sustantivo como si fuera un adjetivo. My bank has sent me a new credit card . I used to work as a shop assistant when I was younger .
Como los adjetivos, estos sustantivos se colocan delante de otro sustantivo y casi siempre van en singular aunque el sustantivo al que acompañan sea plural.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
En cambio golden se refiere al color (dorado), no al material (oro). Silver , sin embargo, puede referirse a ambos. She’s bought a pair of golden shoes and a silver dress for the party , and her mother lent her a valuable gold and silver necklace .
5 DESCRIBIR OBJETOS (3): ORDEN DE COLOCACIÓN DE LOS ADJETIVOS
3 DESCRIBIR OBJETOS Y PERSONAS (1): USO DEL SUSTANTIVO COMO ADJETIVO
Los adjetivos wooden y woollen describen objetos hechos de madera o de lana respectivamente, aunque con frecuencia se usa también wood y wool directamente como adjetivos. I’ve bought a new woollen / wool blanket . That’s a superb wooden / wood table .
I’m so sorry (for you) / (to hear that)!
A: Someone stole my wallet in the underground yesterday . B: I’m so sorry to hear that . You must be very upset ! C: My mother has just found out the diamond on her engagement ring is fake . D: I’m so sorry for her . She must be very upset about that !
Para describir el material del que está hecho un objeto usamos la expresión made of + nombre del material o simplemente usamos el nombre del material como adjetivo, delante del sustantivo al que califica. This sweatshirt is made of cotton . This is a cotton sweatshirt . This watch is made of gold . It’s a gold watch.
Para expresar condolencia también se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones:
I can’t tell you how sorry I am (for you)!
Igualmente, puede haber más de un sustantivo modificando a otro sustantivo.
Cuando usamos varios adjetivos para describir un mismo objeto, los colocamos en un orden concreto. Los adjetivos que se refieren a cualidades más definitorias, permanentes y objetivas se colocan más cerca del sustantivo. In the dining room they had a beautiful old square French wooden table. What type of table? A wooden table . What type of wooden table? A French wooden table . What type of French wooden table? A square French wooden table . What type of square French wooden table? An old square French wooden table .
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Reference Section What type of old square French wooden table? A beautiful old square French wooden table .
The stadium where they were performing was huge . The time when bands made lots of money with their record sales is now gone .
El orden de colocación es el siguiente: Determinante
My, the, those…
Opinión
Beautiful, expensive, interesting…
Tamaño
Big, small, enormous…
Antigüedad
New, old, ancient…
Forma
Square, round, oval…
Color
Blue, black, brown…
Origen
African, French, Italian…
Material
Gold, wooden, cotton…
2 ORACIONES DE RELATIVO EXPLICATIVAS
(NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
She’s lost her expensive antique pink diamond ring . I hate those ugly big old round metal glasses he wears .
1 ORACIONES DE RELATIVO ESPECIFICATIVAS (DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
Con estas oraciones se usan los pronombres that o who para personas y that o which para animales y cosas.
Si el pronombre relativo who , which o that no es sujeto de la oración de relativo (es decir, no le sigue inmediatamente un verbo conjugado), se puede eliminar.
El uso de preposiciones delante de un pronombre relativo es poco frecuente y exclusivo del lenguaje literario o muy formal. Lo normal es que las preposiciones que afectan a un pronombre relativo vayan al final de la frase. También es muy frecuente omitir el pronombre relativo en este tipo de frases. The person ( that / who ) you spoke with is a famous singer . The album ( that / which ) he became famous for was an instant hit .
El pronombre relativo whose (cuyo, -a, -os, -as) se puede utilizar referido tanto a personas como a animales o cosas y nunca se puede eliminar. Su uso es mucho más frecuente en inglés que en español. She’s the only jazz singer whose albums reach the top 10 . What is the name of that Indian film whose soundtrack became so popular two years ago?
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Existe un uso especial de which con las non-defining relative clauses para referirse a lo expresado en toda la oración anterior. He prefers listening to music on his MP3 player to going to a live concert , which I think is very strange . They have never released an album , which is their way to protest against the music industry .
He is the singer ( who / that ) I like best . This is the first album ( which / that ) I bought .
El pronombre relativo whose también se puede utilizar con las non-defining relative clauses . Sarah, whose father is a famous rock star , hates being recognised in the street . The band , whose players had met when they were in school together , was very successful for many years .
A conductor is a person who / that leads an orchestra. This is the guitar which / that I got for Christmas .
En este tipo de oraciones se utiliza siempre who para personas y which para animales y cosas. En las non- defining relative clauses no se puede usar el pronombre that ni se puede eliminar nunca el pronombre relativo. The busker , who had managed to gather a big audience , was arrested by the police . The gig , which is expected to be a success , has been postponed twice .
Este tipo de oraciones identifican a la persona, animal o cosa a los que se refieren y a la que suelen acompañar. She’s the singer who became famous after she appeared on a TV programme . Did you listen to the CD that I lent you ?
Las non-defining relative clauses no identifican al sustantivo al que se refieren sino que añaden información adicional, útil, aunque no imprescindible para que la oración tenga sentido. Es un tipo de información similar a la que podríamos poner entre paréntesis. Estas oraciones van siempre precedidas y seguidas de una pausa que se marca con comas al escribir. Estas oraciones son más comunes en la lengua escrita. The singer , who was a famous teen idol , decided to end his career at the age of 20 . The song , which had a very catchy rhythm, soon became a hit in several countries .
Unit 5
También pueden utilizarse los adverbios relativos when y where . Estos adverbios tampoco se pueden eliminar.
Los adverbios relativos when y where también pueden utilizarse en las non-defining relative clauses . London , where they had become famous , was the last stage of their tour . In 2012 , when I discovered hip hop , I started to build up my CD collection .
3 PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS OBJETO Y SUJETO Los pronombres interrogativos what , who , which , whose y las expresiones how much y how many pueden preguntar por el sujeto o por un complemento u objeto de una oración. Cuando se pregunta por el sujeto, no se utiliza el auxiliar do / did .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Object
‘What do you prefer? ’ ‘I prefer going to the concert .’
Subject
‘What makes you sing? ’ ‘Listening to this type of music makes me sing . ’
Unit 6
1 EL ESTILO INDIRECTO (REPORTED SPEECH) EN ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS Y NEGATIVAS
‘Who does she imitate? ’ ‘She imitates Madonna . ’
‘Who sings better? ’ ‘Martha sings better . ’
‘Which did you buy? ’ ‘I bought the CD version . ’
‘Which is cheaper: streaming or downloading? ’ ‘Streaming is cheaper .’
‘Whose [record] did you vote for? ’ ‘I voted for Eminem’s [record ] ’
‘Whose [record] became number one in sales? ’ ‘Rihanna’s [record ] became number one . ’
‘How much [success] do you want? ’ ‘I want some success . ’
‘How much [success] is too much? ’ ‘Being recognised everywhere is too much. ’
‘How many did they expect? ’ ‘They expected only 10,000 .’
‘How many went to the concert? ’ ‘23,000 people went to the concert . ’
4 WHAT Y WHICH EN PREGUNTAS
En las preguntas, what se refiere a un conjunto abierto o ilimitado de posibilidades mientras que which se refiere a un conjunto cerrado o delimitado.
What is your favourite type of music? (de todas las posibles) Which of these songs do you prefer? (de entre las que te ofrezco) What is the best song you’ve ever listened to? Which song (in the CD) do you like best?
En prácticamente todos los contextos, se puede utilizar what en lugar de which . Which tiende a sonar un poco más formal y exige que el hablante y el oyente conozcan de manera explícita o implícita las posibilidades.
Which / What is your favourite restaurant in New York?
5 PREGUNTAS CON PREPOSICIÓN
En inglés, cuando una pregunta lleva una preposición, esta se coloca siempre al final. De lo contrario, la pregunta sonaría extraña, anticuada o excesivamente formal.
Who are you listening to ? Who are you playing with ? What is this song about ? Where is that music coming from?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Para contar lo que alguien ha dicho, podemos reproducir sus palabras textualmente entre comillas, en estilo directo. They said , ‘The job is yours .’ ‘I’ll be there tomorrow ,’ he confirmed .
Otra opción, más frecuente, es utilizar el estilo indirecto, reproduciendo el mensaje desde el punto de vista del hablante. Para esto se utiliza un verbo introductorio como say , tell , think , know , inform, etc. seguido de la partícula that . Esta partícula siempre se puede omitir. They said (that) the job was mine . He confirmed (that) he would be there the next day .
Con frecuencia referimos lo que ha dicho alguien en un momento determinado, en otro posterior. En este caso el verbo introductorio va en pasado ( said , told , etc.) y todos los tiempos verbales retroceden un paso hacia el pasado, siguiendo este esquema: Mensaje original
Estilo indirecto
Present simple
Past simple
Present continuous
Past continuous
Past simple
Past perfect
Present perfect
Past perfect
Will
Would
Can
Could
May
Might
Must (obligación)
Had to / Must*
is /are going to
was / were going to * ver el punto siguiente
‘My working day is stressful .’ day was stressful . ‘We are doing extra hours .’ were doing extra hours .
He said his working
›
They told me that they
›
‘I got a new job last month.’ › She confirmed she had got a job the month before . ‘I have worked in the UK for twenty years .’ › He said that he had worked in the UK for twenty years . ‘I will retire when I am 70 .’ retire when he was 70 .
He assured he would
›
‘They can fire you for doing that .’ they could fire me for doing that .
She warned me
›
‘You may earn more money in other fields .’ › They told me I might earn more money in other fields . ‘My boss must learn to delegate .’ › She said to us that her boss had to learn to delegate . ‘They are going to outsource more work to India.’ outsource › He announced that they were going to more work to India.
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Reference Section
- Past perfect - Must con frecuencia no cambia, especialmente si es una deducción. - Modal verbs in past (would , could , might , should y ought to ) - Used to - Third conditionals ‘We had arranged a meeting at four but he didn’t show up .’ › They said they had arranged a meeting at four but he hadn’t shown up . ‘She must be very stressed if she’s doing all those extra hours .’ › He told us she must / ( had to ) be very stressed if she was doing all those extra hours . ‘I should get recognition for my work .’ › He believed he should get recognition for his work . ‘They used to hire more people during the holidays .’ hire more people › She said to me they used to during the holidays . ‘If I had known you were going to sack me anyway , I wouldn’t have worked overtime .’ › He complained that if he had known they were going to sack him anyway, he wouldn’t have worked overtime .
‘ You need to finish this report by Monday .’ › They said that I had to finish that report by Monday .
Las siguientes formas verbales y tiempos verbales no cambian:
En algunas ocasiones, transmitimos un mensaje en el mismo momento en el que se está emitiendo (por ejemplo cuando le contamos a alguien lo que otra persona nos está diciendo por teléfono). En estos casos, el verbo introductorio va en presente y los tiempos verbales del mensaje son los mismos que en el original.
Here
There
Now
Then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before, the previous day
Tomorrow
The next day, the following day
This week / month / year
That week / month / year
Last week / month / year
The previous week / month / year The week / month / year before
Next week / month / year
The next week / month / year The following week / month / year The week / month / year after
Ago
Before
B: She says (that) she likes her job .
‘They offered to give us a pay rise next year .’ › He told us they had offered to give them a pay rise the next / following year // the year after . ‘We started working shifts six months ago .’ › They said to me they had started working shifts six months before .
‘I work for a recruitment agency .’ › She said to us that she works / worked for a recruitment agency . ‘They are hiring people at the factory now .’ › He told us they are / were hiring people at the factory now .
‘You are going to have to work as a team .’ › He said that we are / were going to have to work as a team .
2 CAMBIOS EN LAS REFERENCIAS EN EL
3 USO DE SAY Y TELL EN EL ESTILO INDIRECTO
ESTILO INDIRECTO
Como hemos visto en los ejemplos de los apartados anteriores y al igual que sucede en español, al pasar de estilo directo a estilo indirecto, casi siempre hay que cambiar los pronombres personales y algunos determinantes para que las referencias sigan siendo válidas. ‘ We are trying to improve your working conditions .’ said to us that they were trying to improve › They our working conditions .
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She said she
›
‘Two more people were laid off last week .’ › She informed us that two more people had been laid off the previous week / the week before .
También se mantienen los tiempos verbales del mensaje original cuando la información sigue siendo cierta y válida en el momento en que se transmite. Aun así, se puede hacer el cambio temporal sin que esto afecte al significado.
‘She has never changed jobs .’ › They confirmed that she has / had never changed jobs .
‘I will apply for a new job today .’ would apply for a new job that day .
A: ‘I like my job .’
También es necesario cambiar adverbios y expresiones de lugar y tiempo a menos que estemos en el mismo lugar o en el mismo espacio temporal. Estos son algunos de los cambios más frecuentes:
Los dos verbos más comunes para introducir una oración en estilo indirecto en inglés son say y tell . Para la mayoría de los usos, la diferencia está en la estructura que rige cada verbo: Con tell siempre hay que mencionar a quién va dirigido el mensaje. Tell + someone + (that) … ‘You have to work overtime .’ had to work overtime .
They told me (that) I
›
Con say no hace falta mencionar a quién va dirigido el mensaje. Si se menciona, hay que usar la preposición to . Say + (that) … Say + (to someone) + (that) … The key to success is a good work environment .
›
THAT’S ENGLISH!
She said (to us) (that) the key to success was a good work environment .
Cuando lo que se transmite es una orden, se puede usar el verbo tell con la siguiente estructura (más información en la unidad 7):
A: ‘What’s your IP address?’ B: ‘ I don’t know . Let me check .’
She had no idea that she could take her computer to a repair shop to have it fixed . We didn’t have a clue that our friends were not receiving our emails . A: ‘How much do you pay for your Internet connection?’ B: ‘To be honest , I have no idea how much it costs .’ I didn’t know that you could tether your computer to a smartphone . That’s practical! She doesn’t know that she doesn’t have to share her personal details if she doesn’t want to . My parents don’t know what I do when I am online .
Tell + someone + to do something ‘You have to take the initiative .’ take the initiative .
›
They told us to
4 LAS ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS EN ESTILO INDIRECTO
Como vimos en la Unidad 1, las interrogativas indirectas tienen la misma estructura que una oración afirmativa, es decir, el sujeto va delante del verbo y no se utiliza auxiliar interrogativo do / did . En cuanto al uso de los tiempos y las referencias temporales y espaciales, las interrogativas en estilo indirecto siguen las mismas normas que el resto de las oraciones. ‘Who are you meeting tomorrow?’ who I was meeting the next day .
Can you tell me whether... + frase* ? What exactly do you mean (by + sustantivo / -ing )? *estructura interrogativa indirecta.
A: You can download the documents and pay online . B: Let me get this clear . Are you telling me I don’t need to go to your office and register in person? And what exactly do you mean by pay ing online? Can you tell me whether it is still possible to pay by bank transfer? A: I don’t like it when websites use cookies . B: What exactly do you mean by ‘cookies ’?
They asked (me)
›
‘What are the working conditions?’ › She wanted to know what the working conditions were . ‘How much pressure can I still take?’ › He wondered how much pressure he could still take .
Si se trata de una yes/no question (sin pronombre interrogativo), en la interrogativa indirecta hay que utilizar if o whether . ‘Will they hire me at my age?’ › He wondered if / whether they would hire him at his age . ‘Have you ever worked as a consultant?’ › They asked me if / whether I had ever worked as a consultant .
Unit 7
1 EXPRESAR DESCONOCIMIENTO Y PEDIR ACLARACIONES
Para expresar que se ignora algo totalmente se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones:
I / he / she / we... have / has no idea I / he / she / we... haven’t / hasn’t a clue
Para confirmar la información que se nos ha dado o pedir más aclaraciones, se pueden utilizar las siguientes expresiones:
Let me get this clear.
He asked me
›
Generalmente el verbo introductorio en el estilo indirecto es ask (no se puede usar say ni tell ), aunque pueden utilizarse expresiones como wanted to know o el verbo wonder (cuando el sujeto se pregunta a sí mismo). Detrás de ask se puede especificar o no a quién se pregunta. ‘What time do you get to work?’ what time I got to work .
Estas expresiones también pueden ir seguidas de una oración con la misma estructura que si estuviera en estilo indirecto (afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa).
2 EXPRESAR INTERÉS
Las siguientes expresiones se pueden utilizar para mostrar interés: Reaccionando con sorpresa ante lo que se nos dice
Really? Fascinating! Is that so?
A: I’ve found a new app to monitor what my children do online . B: Really? A: Yes , you can get a list of the sites they visit and even block sites you don’t like . B: Is that so? A: Absolutely , it’s really useful and it’s also free . I also have an app to locate their mobile phones so I always know where they are . B: Fascinating! And how do they feel about that?
Especificando lo que nos interesa
I’m (very / really) interested in... ... (really) interest(s) me
I / he / she / we... don’t / doesn’t know A: ‘Who’s your Internet provider?’ B: ‘ I have no idea . My son takes care of all that .’ A: ‘Do your parents know you are sharing their photos online?’ B: ‘No . They haven’t a clue .’
THAT’S ENGLISH!
A: I’m very interested in this new smartphone they are talking about . B: Are you? Why? A: It has new features that really interest me , like the ability to download things at much higher speed .
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Reference Section 3 PETICIONES Y ÓRDENES EN ESTILO INDIRECTO
Para expresar en estilo indirecto peticiones u órdenes, podemos usar los verbos ask y tell con las siguientes estructuras: sujeto + ask / tell + pronombre + to + infinitivo sujeto + ask / tell + pronombre + not to + infinitivo
‘Can you teach me how to use my new computer?’ › He asked me to teach him how to use his new computer . ‘Please, write your username and password.’ › They asked / told me to write my username and password . ‘Don’t reveal your password to anyone .’ › They told me / asked me not to reveal my password to anyone . Como se ve en los ejemplos, ask sirve para transmitir tanto preguntas como peticiones. Cuando se habla de peticiones, ask suena más suave que tell , que implica que el mensaje original es una orden.
The President insisted ( that ) he couldn’t pay attention to rumours . His advisors thought ( that ) it would be better to stop campaigning .
VERB + OBJECT + (THAT) + SENTENCE Verbos que siguen este modelo:
convince * remind *
inform tell *
persuade *
We convinced her ( that ) our party was her best option . They persuaded me ( that ) their petition was fair . I reminded them ( that ) I had always voted for their candidate . *Estos verbos también pueden ir seguidos de objeto + to + infinitivo (ver apartado correspondiente)
VERB + (THAT) + (SHOULD) + SENTENCE
Unit 8
1 VERBOS INTRODUCTORES DE ESTILO INDIRECTO (REPORTING VERBS)
Como vimos en la unidad 6, los verbos más frecuentes para introducir el estilo indirecto son say y tell . Sin embargo, a menudo resumimos la intención del mensaje original, o le añadimos precisión o un elemento de juicio personal, utilizando otros verbos introductorios. Esto suele ayudar también a agilizar la comunicación. Compara: ‘Would you like to have a drink with me after work?’ › She asked me if I would like to have a drink with her after work . / She invited me to have a drink with her after work .
Según el verbo introductorio que usemos, la estructura del resto de la frase puede ser de diferentes tipos.
Verbos que siguen este modelo (implican mandato, consejo o sugerencia):
advise propose suggest
demand recommend
Should se puede omitir en lenguaje formal. We demanded ( that ) our petition ( should ) be considered . The experts recommended ( that ) the local council ( should ) build more bike lanes . They also suggested ( that ) the candidate ( should ) apologise for her comments .
3 VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE -ING
Fíjate
VERB + -ING
Igual que sucede en español, un mismo verbo puede ir seguido de distintas estructuras. Our MP promised that he would create more green areas . Our MP promised to create more green areas .
2 VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE THAT VERB + (THAT) + SENTENCE Verbos que siguen este modelo:
add argue believe consider deny guarantee mention reply suggest
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insist request
admit announce claim decide explain guess promise say swear
Verbos que siguen este modelo:
admit deny suggest
advise propose
consider recommend
The Mayor admitted steal ing money from the council . His advisors recommended start ing the campaign early . We suggested build ing a new brigde over the road .
VERB + PREPOSITION + -ING agree answer complain declare feel insist recommend state think
Verbos que siguen este modelo:
apologise for complain about
argue for/against insist on talk about
The leader of the Lib Dems argued against rais ing taxes . The committee talked about subsidis ing clean sources of energy .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION + -ING Verbos que siguen este modelo:
Oraciones interrogativas y negativas
accuse someone of -ing blame someone for -ing congratulate someone on –ing
4 VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE TO + INFINITIVO
VERB + TO + INFINITIVE El sujeto del verbo introductorio y del verbo que va en infinitivo es el mismo. Verbos que siguen este modelo: ask promise threaten
decide refuse
The Government agreed to impose a new tax on cigarettes . We insisted to have a meeting with our MP . I threatened to report the incident to the police .
persuade tell
Los pronombres indefinidos se utilizan para referirse a personas, cosas o lugares sin especificar directamente qué o quiénes son o de qué lugar se trata. Son los siguientes:
somebody someone (alguien)
Oraciones afirmativas
everybody everyone (todos)
nobody no one (nadie)
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Con los pronombres indefinidos, usamos el verbo en singular. Sin embargo, para evitar hacer distinciones de género en el lenguaje, se utiliza el pronombre personal they (con el verbo en plural) y el determinante posesivo their (aunque se trate de un solo poseedor) para las referencias personales que dependan de un pronombre indefinido.
Con los pronombres indefinidos que se refieren a personas se puede usar ‘s para formar un posesivo:
Para hablar de cosas -thing something (algo)
everything (todo)
nothing (nada)
Para hablar de lugares -where
nowhere (en ninguna parte)
También se puede generalizar usando we o people . We tend to think that old people are more conservative . People are usually attracted to good-looking, charismatic leaders .
(en alguna parte)
(en todas partes)
Para expresar posesión referida a one , se puede usar: one’s , their , your y our . Aunque también es posible, se suele evitar usar his o her . When one finds that one’s / their / your / our country is being attacked, one feels an urge to defend it .
somewhere
everywhere
Igual que hacemos en español con tú o uno , en inglés se pueden utilizar los ponombres you y one para hacer referencias generales, aplicables a cualquiera, o impersonales. One es mucho menos frecuente y suena formal o literario. You would think that he’d be popular as a candidate but people don’t seem to like him . You know when someone is lying to you and she sounded sincere to me . When one knows the world is watching , one takes decisions very carefully .
5 PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS
Para hablar de personas -body / -one
(en cualquier parte)
This candidate is everyone’s favourite. He won’t need anyone’s help to win the election .
A young woman in the street persuaded me to sign a petition for equal opportunities in the workplace . The Green Party demanded the Government to impose a tax on pollution . An angry protester told the President to vote for what was right .
anywhere
6 PRONOMBRES CON USO GENERALIZADOR
Verbos que siguen este modelo: convince remind
(algo, cualquier cosa)
Everyone in the council agrees with the Mayor . They are all interested in the new housing project . Someone has decided to give their vote to the other candidate , but we don’t know who they are yet .
VERB + OBJECT + TO + INFINITIVE
ask promise
(alguien, cualquiera)
anything
Somebody / Someone needs to do something about all these corruption scandals . There isn’t anybody / anyone in our local council who is a member of the National Party . Nothing in our manifesto implies that we are going to raise taxes . It sometimes seems you can’t find an honest politician anywhere . There is a lack of confidence in politics everywhere .
A journalist accused the Prime Minister of ly ing . Politicians blamed the press for provok ing racial tensions . We congratulated the new mayor on winn ing the elections .
agree insist swear
anybody anyone
They se puede usar como sujeto impersonal, cuando no se sabe, no es importante, o no se quiere mencionar quién realiza una acción. Este uso es parecido al de la voz pasiva. They have built more sports facilities in the last few years . (= more sports facilities have been built in the last few years) They say this referendum may change our country .
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Reference Section 7 EXPRESAR UNA EXCEPCIÓN / MATIZAR Para hablar de excepciones podemos usar:
except ( for ) + sustantivo
ESTRUCTURAS DE ESTILO INDIRECTO Interrogativas
(misma estructura que una oración afirmativa)
Se utiliza para hablar de la única persona o cosa que no está incluida en lo que se dice en la frase principal. Por ello, se suele usar detrás de palabras generalizadoras como everybody , no one , anything , anywhere , all , any , every , etc.
yes / no questions
‘Are you in a relationship with someone?’ › She asked (me) if I was in a relationship with someone .
We will accept any changes except ( for ) an increase in taxes . The new law will affect everyone on the road except ( for ) lorry drivers .
whquestions
‘Who is your favourite actress?’ › He asked (me) who my favourite actress was .
except ( that ) + frase only ( that ) + frase
Estas expresiones se utilizan para explicar por qué no se cumple una hipótesis. Only ( that ) es coloquial y equivale a la frase ‘it’s only that ...’ All the candidates seem to have the same views on crime , except ( that ) one of them is in favour of capital punishement . I would vote for him , only ( that ) I hate his views on equal opportunities .
Unit 9
Peticiones ask + to / not to
‘Please don’t talk to the press about this.’ › They asked me not to talk to the press about it.
Mandatos ask / tell + to / not to
Recuerda que usamos el estilo indirecto para transmitir lo que se ha dicho sin repetir las palabras textuales. Los verbos más comunes para introducir el mensaje son say y tell .
Verbos introductorios Verbo + that
‘I’ve always admired celebrities .’ › He said ( to us ) ( that ) he had always admired celebrities . / He told us ( that ) he had always admired celebrities .
Lo más frecuente es transmitir lo que alguien ha dicho en el pasado, por lo que la mayoría de las formas verbales retroceden un paso hacia el pasado (por ejemplo, el present simple se convierte en past simple y el present perfect en past perfect ).
También son frecuentes los cambios en los determinantes (demostrativos y posesivos) y en las referencias espaciales y temporales para mantener la coherencia del mensaje. ‘I am here to shoot my first film .’ › She confirmed (that) she was there to shoot her first film . ‘We saw him two days ago .’ › They said (that) they had seen him two days before .
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‘I am glamorous and successful.’ › She answered / believed / claimed / declared / explained / felt / insisted / replied / thought ( that ) she was glamorous and successful. ‘But you won’t be on the show!’ › They informed / reminded / told him that he wouldn’t be on the show. ‘You need to be nice to your fans.’ › He advised / demanded / insisted / recommended / requested / suggested that we (should) be nice to our fans.
‘We don’t like luxury .’ › They claimed (that) they didn’t like luxury . ‘I will take part in the show .’ › She promised (that) she would take part in the show .
‘Stop following me!’ › She asked / told the reporters to stop following her. ‘Don’t be so eccentric!’ They asked / told me not to be so eccentric.
1 RESUMEN DEL ESTILO INDIRECTO
‘Will you appear on my next film?’ › He asked her to appear on his next film.
Verbo + -ing
‘Why don’t we eliminate the love scene at the end of the film?’ › I advised / proposed / recommended / suggested eliminat ing the love scene at the end of the film. ‘No, I think we should keep it.’ › They argued for / insisted on keep ing it. ‘You always try to mak e last-minute changes.’ › They accused me of / blamed me for always try ing to make last-minute changes.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Verbo + to
‘OK, we’ll do what you want.’ › They agreed / decided decided / promised promised to do what I wanted.
Unit 10
1 REPASO DE LOS TIEMPOS DE PRESENTE
‘Will you sign the contract now?’ › They asked / convinced convinced / persuaded persuaded me to sign the contract. (Ver unidad 8)
Fíjate Recuerda que algunos verbos como admit , recommend o suggest pueden ir seguidos de varias estructuras. ‘Yes, we were a one hit wonder .’ › They admitted that ‘Yes, a one hit wonder . / They admitted being they had been a a one hit wonder . ‘You ‘Y ou should act eccentric .’ › He recommended me to act eccentric . / He recommended that I (should) act eccentric . / He recommended acting eccentric eccentric . ‘Why don’t you cast for a reality TV show? › She / casting for for a suggested that I casted * / ( should should ) cast / reality TV show .
PRESENT SIMPLE
1 Forma Afirmativo
I / we / you / they watch. He / she watches.
Negativo
I / we / you / they don’t watch. He / she doesn’t watch.
Interrogativo
Do I / we / you / they watch? Does he / she watch?
2 Uso
Para hablar de hechos, rutinas y situaciones habituales. Con verbos de estado como know , like , want , understand , seem… Reality shows are very very popular nowadays . She watches TV TV after dinner every evening . the news on TV? Do you follow the I don’t like quiz shows .
*Algunos hablantes consideran esta alternativa incorrecta.
2 PREGUNTAS RETÓRICAS Las preguntas retóricas son aquellas para las que no se espera una respuesta. Más que una pregunta real, suelen ser expresiones que usamos para llamar la atención del oyente o para expresar un sentimiento. Estos son algunos ejemplos de preguntas retóricas que se utilizan con frecuencia en la conversación: Para expresar sorpresa
What’s this? How could this be? Is this a joke? What / Who / How, etc. (on Earth)...? What!? Who would have thought / guessed (...)?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1 Forma Afirmativo
I am watching. He / she is watching. We / you / they are watching.
Negativo
I’m not watching. He / she isn’t watching. We / you / they aren’t watching.
Interrogativo
Am I watching? Is he / she watching? Are we / you / they watching?
2 Uso Para expresar desánimo o desinterés
Why bother (-ing)? What’s the point (of -ing)? Who cares (about + noun)? Why me / this ?
Para expresar desconocimiento
Who knows? How would I know?
A: What’s this ad ad about? Is this a joke? How could my my favourite band be playing in my town without me knowing? B: What!? I I had no idea you liked them. Why don’t you call the box office to see if they still have tickets? Maybe they didn’t sell them all out. Who knows? Maybe A: I’m not even going to try to get tickets now... Why Anyway, who cares now? I’ll just wait until bother? Anyway, they are back in town to see them.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Para describir lo que está sucediendo en un momento determinado. Para hablar de acciones que están en proceso o situaciones que se perciben o presentan como un cambio reciente o una situación temporal. Para hablar del futuro (ver apartado 3). We are watching a match on TV . He is working for an American TV network . If you aren’t listening to to the radio, switch it off . off . Are you watching anything or just switching channels?
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Reference Section PRESENT PERFECT
2 REPASO DE LOS TIEMPOS DE PASADO
1 Forma PAST SIMPLE
Afirmativo
I / we / you / they have watched. He / she has watched.
Negativo
I / we / you / they haven’t watched. He / she hasn’t watched.
Afirmativo
Have I / we / you / they watched? Has he / she watched?
I / he / she / it / we / you / they watched.
Negativo
I / he / she / it / we / you/ they didn’t watch.
Interrogativo
Did I / he / she / it / we / you / they watch?
Interrogativo
2 Uso
Se usa para hablar de: - hechos o situaciones que empezaron o sucedieron en el pasado pero que aún duran o siguen afectando al presente - experiencias - acciones que acaban de ocurrir
1 Forma
Es frecuente con expresiones como for (+ periodo de tiempo), since (+ punto en el tiempo), already , yet , always o o ever pero pero nunca con expresiones que hagan referencia a un punto concreto del pasado (ver past simple ). ). ve bought a I’ ve a new TV set . (result = I have a new TV now) This talent contest has been a a hit for three years . Have you ever you ever been been on on a phone-in programme? ’ve just watched the last episode of my favourite I ’ve just series . We haven’t watched TV TV since Sunday . PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1 Forma Afirmativo
I / we / you / they have been watching. He / she has been watching.
Negativo
I / we / you / they haven’t been watching. He / she hasn’t been watching.
Interrogativo
Have I / we / you / they been watching? Has he / she been watching?
2 Uso Para hablar de hechos o situaciones que empezaron o sucedieron en el pasado y aún duran o afectan al presente enfatizando la acción (o el hecho de que se repite mucho o dura mucho) y no su resultado. ve been looking for I’ ve for a new TV for a long time . time . (the action is important, not the result) ve been interrupting normal programmes all They’ ve morning to report on the incident . incident . I haven’t been keeping up with current affairs , I’m afraid . Have you been been watching the the news lately?
128
2 Uso
Para hablar de una acción que se sitúa en un momento concreto del pasado (que puede mencionarse o no) y que ya no tiene conexión con el presente. Se utiliza con expresiones que hacen referencia a un punto en el pasado como yesterday , last ( (week , month , year , etc.), ( a minute , an hour , a year , etc.) ago , in / / on (+ fecha), when ( (I was young , he lived in the UK ...). ...). I bought a a new TV two days ago . We didn’t watch the the film last night . Did you listen to the radio a lot when you were a teenager ? ? PAST CONTINUOUS
1 Forma Afirmativo
I / he / she / it was watching. We / you / they were watching.
Negativo
I / he / she / it wasn’t watching. We / you / they weren’t watching.
Interrogativo
Was I / he / she / it watching? Were we / you / they watching?
2 Uso Para describir las circunstancias en las que tuvo lugar un hecho en el pasado o lo que estaba ocurriendo en un determinado momento del pasado. A: The presenter was reading the news when the protestors entered the studio. I don’t know the details because I wasn’t paying attention attention to the TV at that moment. B: What were you doing then? then? A: I was chatting on on my smartphone. PAST PERFECT PERFE CT
1 Forma Afirmativo
I / he / she / it / we / you / they had watched.
Negativo
I / he / she / it / we / you / they hadn’t watched.
Interrogativo
Had I / he / she / it / we / you / they watched?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
2 Uso
2 Uso
Indica que una acción ocurrió antes que otra en el pasado. No es necesario cuando relatamos hechos en el orden en el que ocurrieron, pero sí lo es cuando no seguimos un orden cronológico.
Para hacer predicciones basadas en lo que podemos ver (por ejemplo, síntomas). Para hablar de intenciones o de planes que no implican compromisos.
She left the TV on and she went to bed . bed . (orden cronológico = past simple ) ) When he arrived home, his wife had gone to to bed but she had left the TV on . (first she left the TV on and went to bed and then he arrived) . arrived) .
This episode is so sad that it’ s going to make me me cry . I’ m not going to do any any work this weekend . I ’m ’m just and catch up on all my favourite series . series . going to relax and
3 REPASO DE LAS FORMAS DE FUTURO En inglés no existe un tiempo verbal futuro sino distintas formas verbales que se utilizan para referirse al futuro. Las principales son:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1 Forma Afirmativo
I am watching . He / she is watching . We / you / they are watching .
Negativo
I’m not watching . He / she isn’t watching . We / you / they aren’t watching .
Interrogativo
Am I watching? Is he / she watching? Are we / you / they watching?
WILL + INFINITIVE
1 Forma Afirmativo
I / he / she / it / we / you / they will watch.
Negativo
I / he / she / it / we / you / they won’t watch.
Interrogativo
Will I / he / she / it / we / you / they watch?
2 Uso: Se usa para:
Ofrecerse a hacer algo.
Hacer promesas.
2 Uso Para hablar de planes fijos y compromisos así como de acontecimientos programados. I’ m watching the match with some friends tonight . tonight . They are coming over over at six . The BBC is broadcasting the the concert live next Tuesday . The President is appearing on on TV later this evening to speak about the recent international crisis . crisis .
Expresar decisiones que se toman en el momento de hablar (sin que hubiera nada planeado). Hacer predicciones basadas en ideas, opiniones o nuestro conocimiento del mundo. It’s OK. Keep watching your favourite programme . programme . I’ ll ll dinner tonight . make dinner I’ ll ll record tonight’s episode for you. Don’t worry . Oh, I didn’t know the concert was on live this evening . evening . I’ ll definitely watch it it then . ll definitely I don’t think the programme will get good good ratings . It is too controversial .
BE (present simple) + GOING TO + INFINITIVE
1 Forma Afirmativo
I am going to watch. He / she is going to watch. We / you / they are going to watch.
Negativo
I’m not going to watch. He / she isn’t going to watch. We / you / they aren’t going to watch.
Interrogativo
Am I going to watch? Is he / she going to watch? Are we / you / they going to watch?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
129
Reference Section WRITING REFERENCE 1
2
LA ESTRUCTURA DE UN TEXTO - ESCRIBIR UN RESUMEN
Introduction: Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3:
Conclusion:
Ejercicios 1 Can animals sense natural disasters?
but In contrast
Since Therefore
3
A
B
As a result,
130
THAT’S ENGLISH!
4
PARA EXPRESAR CONTRASTE U OPOSICIÓN 1 although even though though aunque Though Still however nevertheless 2 on the contrary en cambio sin embargo al contrario
PARA EXPRESAR CAUSA because frase because of sustantivo as 3
PARA EXPRESAR CONSECUENCIA so 4 consequently 5
5
How to choose a bank
WRITING REFERENCE 2 CARTAS FORMALES E INFORMALES email
Ejercicios 1
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q
I am sorry to inform you that... (F) I’m really sorry I... (I) I am writing in connection with... I am writing with regard / reference to... I am writing to express my interest in... Just a short note to tell you that... Tell me about... ’d like to know about... Could you give me some information about? As you can see from my attached CV, ... Please find enclosed... Do you want me to... ? Let me know whether you would like me to... Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions / if you would like to discuss my application further. Give me a call if you need anything else. I look forward to hearing from you. Talk to you soon.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
131
Reference Section 2
CARTAS FORMALES
I am an experienced
sustantivo I have a lot of experience in sustantivo -ing I have years’ experience as a sustantivo I have been working have worked as a sustantivo since for
As you can see from my attached CV, I can I am able to I am very good at sustantivo
-ing I am confident that this experience makes me an ideal candidate for this position . I strongly believe I possess the right combination of skills and experience that you are looking for .
I am very interested in working for your company because I would very much like to take up this position because
Saludo
Dear Sirs, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir, Dear Madam,
Despedida
Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,
Saludo
Dear Mr / Ms
Despedida
Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,
CARTAS SEMIFORMALES Saludo
Dear Mr / Ms Dear
Despedida
Best wishes, Kindest regards,
CARTAS INFORMALES Saludo
Hi Hello, Hi, Dear
Despedida
See you, Take care, Love,
3
THAT’S ENGLISH!
email emails emails emails
WRITING REFERENCE 3
ESCRIBIR UNA BIOGRAFÍA Ejercicios 1 a b c d e f 100 people who changed the world Life g h AM Chicago i j k l m n The Oprah Winfrey Show o
THAT’S ENGLISH!
p q r s t u v w O The Oprah Winfrey Magazine x y z 2 also although and as a result because
due to even though however in addition in my opinion
incredibly later so who
Oprah Winfrey a b c d e f g h i AM Chicago j The Oprah Winfrey Show 133
Reference Section k l O The Oprah Winfrey Magazine m 100 People Who Changed the World Life n
5 Suggested Answer: Outline Introducción
Párrafo 1
Párrafo 2
Párrafo 3
Párrafo 4
Conclusión
3 because so as a result even though although although however ANSWER KEY Writing Reference 1 1
Summary
but In contrast Since
1
Therefore
Writing Reference 3
As aresult
1
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 3
4 1
2
3
4
5
Writing Reference 2
2
3
Yours sincerely
2 a
b c d e f g h i j k l m n 3 Because so as a result As a result Even though although However although
THAT’S ENGLISH!
ivn nat klsz
Verbs pla fr ln
ivn skul
priiet
Adjectives
frm
tend lektz
best n
rdut
ketr fr
fltam retfl
rdut treni
lafl
rnt
kmplit du dri n
mtr
har edjken
du stdiz
nsrvs tren
nkwar
lk v
fl n frm
WORDLIST UNIT 1
prttam - selfdsplnd vkenl wrkrletd
l lektrz
end p nrl et srtfkt /et rnt
Adverbs
lafl lrn
stdi wrk hrd
ms
et prmn
em bi e
et kwlfkenz
nlan lrn
v dvas
ði pn junvrsti
Nouns kant dlt edjken dlt lrn dvas blrum dns ð besks bklt bzns krr krr prspekts krrs dvas
prttam krs fzks pstrdt stdiz
v p wnz db mpruv liv skul prvad redstr fr
prdekt
san p
prspektz
pjupl
stdi fr dri
kwlfkenz
tek prt n
rkwarmnts
tren
sklz spid rid stf rum
Useful expressions bi mezd
krrs dvazr
str pnt sprt
knt frd t
kli
stjudnt ln
du wel
kld
trm
fl bhand
kmtmnt
trri edjken
hv n rrets
kmpjutr prrmr
tjun
UNIT 2
kkri
tjun fiz
dri
junvrsti dri
dstns lrn
web dzan
fannl
wad rend v
vrdrn
ilrn
wan test
mplblti
wk mm
nkrdmnt
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Adjectives brk
Nouns e ti em tmtk tel
Reference Section min
bk mndr bk stetmnt blz bnd bns bzns prnl kant k k min kpnt min trd kredt debt krd krnsi krnt sevs kant kstmr det drekt debt
trd fi fr srvs ntrst klps kr dpzt mni kstend ... f r ... lend pe bk pe fr pe n pe n nstlmnts
bmblbi kn krbn daksad mnz krbn ftprnt krdbrd krtn klamt tend kl klekn kmpst bn ð kntrisad krps
pe mni ntu n kant
kntenr
pe f
/sakl p
trnsfr mni
dmd
wðdr mni/ /k
debri
fi
Useful expressions
fanns
twenti fr sevn
fndz
bi n ð red
nkm nstlmnts
a knt frd t
ntrst ret
mek prft
ntrnet telfn bk
erstrim
UNIT 3
kk l
dzstr dspzl drat rkwek enrdi knsrven ði nvarnmnt zst fjumz frmlnd fan
nvestmnt
Adjectives
nvestr
kemkl
ln mrd
knsrnd bt/
/vrdrft
ikfrendli
frst far
prsentd
fjulfnt
fsl fjulz
prft
rin
fjul
rsit
hrmfl
ls
slri
hadrlektrk
sevz
lkli prdjust
lbl wrm
tks tks hevn trnzkn wðdrl
Verbs br tend ... ntu ...
f fld fld
lf krs
nnrnjubl
rin enrdi
plutd
rinhas fekt
rnjubl sef tksk
hit hed hrkn
Nouns
u
sd ren
lat
er kwlti
ltr
THAT’S ENGLISH!
lkl eri
dspz v
lkl kansl
drp ltr
ls
dmp
lknsmpn blbz
denret
Nouns brn ð blk mrkt brnd nems
man
r krps vedtblz
md
vrfl
btrs
njuklir redien
pk p
krdbrd
plut
l spl
prtekt
trtbl rnazen
vrf
trti p
zn ler
pt at ð rb
petrl
pt at far
knsjumr
ple
risakl
krnr p
plstk
rdjus
ktn
plun
reskju
kantrftr
prspten
rijuz
kstmr
renfl
rn at v
risakl
sev sev n
kstmr srvs
risakl bn refjus klektr
juz p wrn
brk
tekat
dlvri trdz dprtmnt str
rzrs
w we
rb
west
dzanr klðz dz
rb klekn
Useful expressions
dskant krd
rbl
hv netv mpkt n
fmrs
si levl slr pnlz snlat
ld ds
UNIT 4
rinrsrz
Adjectives
rsriz
fl
hashld
kantrft
haprmrkt
dredfl
lebl
fek
leðr
denjun
ml
dkwlti
mnjfktrr
lkwlti
mrkt stl
nlan
mrtndaz
weðr ptrnz
prkwlti
pkd
rtn
pras t
wel
sekndhnd
rsit
waldlaf
selfsrvs
rdknz
ndr trned tsunmi rbn eris vlken vlknk rpn wrn west
Verbs klin p
stal
p sstnt
pset
p mndr
klps
Adverbs
klekt
lkli
kt dan
nlan
kt f
THAT’S ENGLISH!
p wnd pkipr pr p sentr slk
Reference Section slvr stf srve tred wlt
UNIT 5
Adjectives resv mez bland
bskr kset pler si di pler tel klrnet
klskl
klskl mjuzk
krietv
klb
krs nr
kmplen
dsrintetd
kmpzr
enrdetk
knsrt
Verbs
nrms
kndktr
dlvr
njuzistk
knfdns
dmnd
fratnd
krad
du ð p
frstretd
dmen
wnd p
dant
dvas
hjud
lst
dide
lil
pe tks
danld
nkredbl
pp at
drmr
nspard
kju p
drmz
lil
p fr fud klðz
fnz
lav
fk
lad
nr
menstrim
rlkst
tr
Useful expressions
sd
trst
bi d vlju
strim
hedfnz
tlntd
hevi metl
best bfr det
tined
hp hp
tend wns mand
Adverbs
nkm
lav
ndstri
dsple ntl
Nouns
ntlektul prprti
fr nstns
kustks
apd
et dlvrd
lbm
dz
zati
kibrd
et jr mni bk
rtst
lav mjuzk
tenn defst
el pi
t wnt lst l
dins r
mrtndaz
sel ba det
tzm
msbhevjr
ðe r hv n pst ðer sel ba det
bkrand mjuzk
em pi ri pler
bk vklst bnd
mjuzk strim srvs
bes
mjuzk erpi
besst
mjuzk vdi
bit
mjuzk nstrmnt
wnd p wd wdn wl wln
r we tra n
ha rtn
juz ba det
bluz
lrks
mltimljner
THAT’S ENGLISH!
mjuzn
vklst
vrwrkt
njukmr
vatr
prperd
rkstr
ju
prfenl
prfrmns prfrmns rtst
Verbs pld
prfrmr
tr p
part websat
kmpz
pk
kp wð
prts
danld
rp
prfrm
rekrd kmpni rekrd lebl
ple prdjus
rekrd pler
rliv
ree
er
rlis
rhrsl rvju rðm rðm n bluz
Useful expressions s lbm ba bnd sr
rlstk rlks skld strest stresfl sksesfl sprb ndrstft nhpi junik vkenl welped
Adverbs fr prfenli
n sted
Nouns
selz
bi rli ntu
blns
sls
ba va ð web
sksfn
danld mjuzk frm websat
rtn rk n rl
selfstim slad tr smrtfn slst sratr sl sandtrk
plken bs krr tlnd kmtmnt
n fannl trms
kmpni
lsn tu mjuzk rustrim
knvenn
prfrm ple lav
kstmr
kntnjuti kwrkr sivi
steri
rend v dfrnt prblmz
strim
rn bzns
mplmnt
suprstr
s l tu s
ekstr az
s n tjun
hel nrns
rat s ð mjuzk ð tjun ð lrks
hmwrkr
sted
smfni tmbrin tekn erpst erpi tul tr
UNIT 6
trk
Adjectives
trmbn
lrt
tjun
kmpettv
venju
knfdnt
vanl rekrds
d t
valn
nkmptnt
THAT’S ENGLISH!
empli
fleksitam
hmwrk hjumn rzrsz db mrkt db stsfkn db skjrti lidr mndr prtjunti pe raz
Reference Section prk
bi at v wrk
rtbl
prsnl sstnt
nlan
ples v wrk
bi led f med rdndnt skt
prmn
du ekstr az
p plke
kwlfkenz
rn lv
bl
reknn
fes p tu
sensr
rkrutmnt ednsi
et reknn
sensrp
v ... ref
kki
hp fr ð best
dzan
ts ma jr hz flt
dmen nem
slri skl skld wrkfrs stf tred tren veknsi
Nouns
det dvas
lrn skl tred
imel kant
mit det
fa l
imel dres
kmtmnt
frm
wedz wrk nvarnmnt
tek ð ntv
bat lmt
wrkhlk wrkfrs
ð ki t skses
wrk kndns
wrk z knsltnt
wrk de
wrk n tim
wrklaf blns
wrk vrtam
hjumn rat
wrk fts
ntrnet kses
Verbs
pla fr db tend dbs delet
wrk ndr prer wrk nsl az
dspt rn mni
UNIT 7
fridm hm ped hst kmpjutr htspt et ti ti pi akn fr ntrnet kfe ntrnet p a pi dres apd lptp
far
Adjectives
lk
et db
lil
netwrk
et t wrk
ntrknektd
har
nlan
mpruv
prnrfk
nlan bk
liv
prtbl
nlant t
mnd
sef
pswrd
mtvet
skjr
pi si
atsrs
senstv
prartaz
sfstketd
rtar
tidis
prt l
sk
juzrfrendli
prvsi
fl prsidrz
prsnl ditelz
valnt
Useful expressions
prfal
warls
rend mit
prvadr
Adverbs
t wrk
nrmsli
pi t pi netwrk rper p rutr
THAT’S ENGLISH!
srt endn
rekrd
rtkjlt
srvr
redstr
ker
rstrkt
krzmtk
srvs prvadr
slekt
ik
setz
set p srvr netwrk knekn
tif knsrvtv tri
er nfrmen n ð web
demkrt
sat smrtfn sl netwrk sats sl netwrks sftwer swt
slaz trmnet teðr
krpt dpres kstrimst fer nst
t
pdet nfrmen n dres
teliker
vju kntent
leftw
telihel
vzt websat w eb ped
lbdem
tblt
teðr ju r el juzrnem web ped websat sat
Useful expressions bi n wnz kmpjutr
kin n lebr
nik pnmandd pltkl ppjlr rlabl
braz srt srf ð ntr net ð net
rspnsbl fr
Verbs
klk n nakn
kses nfrmen websat ð ntrnet
trufl
kriet /dzan websat web ped
nkmn
et vars
Nouns
et n ð ntrnet websat
bkrand
wafa wafa snl
ktvet knekn dvrtaz braz sensr tt klps knekt kntkt dsknekt danld nlan dn srvs websat l n lk p nfrme mntr nr srt nvet
THAT’S ENGLISH!
hv izi lmtd kses t lk ntu sl netwrk pst rat mek kment er nfrmen spend tam n ð kmpjutr va UNIT 8
Adjectives kantbl fr
ratw
weli
bak lenz bdt kmpen knddet svk djuti knsrvtvs triz knsttjnsi knsttjnts krp skndl kansl mits kram ret dmkrsi demnstren dvelprs dsstsfkn
Reference Section ikwl prtjuntiz
west
ek ntrst n
kspensiz
west v tam
tek fs
fsltiz ferns fannl sprt
Verbs d dmt
denrl lekns
dvaz
rsruts pltks
rju
rin prti
dna
rin spesz
lekt
has v kmns
v p
has v lrds nkm tks nkris u lk v lb dems lkl kansl lkl fl lrd mnfest mer
pldaz kmplen
vrn rnti pe tks prswed prpz rez rfjuz set p stet sbsdaz retn vit
wn ð hrts n mands v evriwn u hv ma wrd UNIT 9
Adjectives resv kul krprt kjut dzld ba ksentrk fbjls fems fsnetd ba fnbl lmrs dlk dels mrvls
em pi
vt fr
en et es
Useful expressions
pleznt tu
bre v fre er
ppjlr w
n a fr n a
pz prti
snfknt
t frst sat
prlmnt
strstrk
bi best n
sksesf
pn vrnmnt
prk plsi
mtrilstk bsest w
rmntk
vrstal
pltkl nrest
bi pltkli ktv
pltn
klin p pltks
nsesntli
pltks
hv ð par
vrnat
prarti prpzl rel tennz refrendm rezdenl eri rl mdl rb tp sknd
mpz tks n prlmnt t s wðat se kip wns prms
sl plsiz
wn wd k ðt
stet penn
tek kn
strl
Adverbs
psbli slatli
Nouns tivmnt elst bilst slebrti dinsz bhevjr bdird btks tritmnt
THAT’S ENGLISH!
ntrnnl sprt slebrti
ttu
slebrti kltr
Verbs
slebrti sin
kt
klb
dmar
kt
brl
kzmetk srdri
dide
kstr
prfrm
krtk dmn
rn at v sm
ekstrvrt
ut
fem
pset
fnz sp herstal akn adl lafstal lklak lkri dz bsen
tiv
flm
kstrim lblazd hrmfl hleris asletd lav llst menstrim msdnst nnstp ppjlr
pr n flm n
pram tam
bi hz bin
strimd
bi wn ht wndr
tpretd
bi handd ba ð pres
plk plt
kst fr
przentr
nd hjud skses
prvsi
mnl
tiv fem
bi n
prer
dpres
ldfnd
prfrmns
pres
dmnd
Useful expressions
bi n rlep w smwn
pprtsi
kntrvrl
hv nrvs brekdan
seksst
npleznt
Adverbs dipli lav ndatdli
Nouns ed dskrmnen ed
hv sksesfl krr
ntisstm ktvst
praz
hv d bd rvju
dins frz
rilti ti vi
nved smwnz prvsi
bas
rvju
kip p t det w
brdkst
rumr
mek nem fr wnself
kes
sin
ut t fem
trti
skl
tek prt n
ts
pravt prns
rl mdl rmns
s nedmnt spit difekt
UNIT 10
blkbstr kebl ti vi
kmntetr kmrl prer
str
Adjectives
kmpnjnp
skses
twentifrar
suprstr
kseptbl
kk prrm
tlnt
edst
trt
kntentd
THAT’S ENGLISH!
krmnl krnt fers prrm
Reference Section dns kntest
stkm
lud t ð skrin
dskrmnen
smrtfn
nlan
dkjmentri
sp pr
kip p retz
mrdnsi mit
sl uz
set n zmpl
srs
swt tnlz
mnl mpkt
sprts prrm
ndmnt
strimd ti vi
nvarnmnt
sbdkt
epsd
sbstns
kwlti
tlnt kntest
kstrimst
terrst tk
fr
tp stri
fkl pnt
tren kr
hpins
ti vi tnl
hstrkl drm
ti vi drm
ht hashld
ti vi lasns ti vi netwrk
drnlst
ti vi prsnlti
lasns fi
ti vi edjulz
menstrim midi mjuzk
ti vi skrin
ð ms midi midi eksprt kmntetr
ti vi set vjur
Verbs
midim midi
er
ntrl dzstr
braz
njuz bltn njuz knfrns
brdkst kndem dil wð emfsaz
njuz kvrd
/entrten
njuz ti vi przentr
flp ru
pnl
fnd
fnn
r plnts
prtestr
kip p
kwestner
prvk
kwz
rprt
redi set
strl
redi sten
swt n f
/retz
tjun n
rilti rmt rsrtr stlat ti vi sensenlzm sriz
fks n
Useful expressions bi l ð red bi n fevr v brdkst rprt lav
THAT’S ENGLISH!
PHONETIC SYMBOLS
Vowels
Diphthongs
i:
u:
eat / i:t /
look / lk /
it / t /
e
too / tu: /
here / h /
e : : bed / bed /
about / 'bat /
bird / b:d /
door / d:(r)/
cure / kj /
: cat / kt /
cup / kp /
hard / h:d /
day / de /
boy / b /
go / g /
e a a
not / nt /
chair / te /
my / ma /
now / na /
Consonants
p b t d k g pen / pen /
big / bg /
two / tu: /
day / de /
choose / tu:z /
f v ð s f all / f:l /
vain / ven /
think / k /
then / ðen /
m n h meet / mi:t /
THAT’S ENGLISH!
no / n /
sing / s /
house / has /
see / si: /
l long / l /
job / db /
keep / ki:p /
get / get /
z zoo / zu: /
shop / p/
pleasure /'ple /
r w j right / rat /
will / w l/
yes / jes /
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List of Irregular Verbs Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
awake
/wek/
awoke
/wk/
awoken /wkn/
fall
/fl/
fell
/fel/
fallen
/fln/
be
/bi/
was were
/wz/ /w(r)/
been
/bin/
feed
/fid/
fed
/fed/
fed
/fed/
bear
/be(r)/
bore
/b(r)/
born / borne
/b(r)n/
feel
/fil/
felt
/felt/
felt
/felt/
beat
/bit/
beat
/bit/
beaten /bit()n/
fight
/fat/
fought
/ft/
fought
/ft/
become /bkm/
became /bkem/ become /bkm/
find
/fand/
found
/fand/
found
/fand/
begin
/bn/
began
/bn/
begun
/bn/
fit
/ft/
fit fitted
/ft/ /ftd/
fit fitted
/ft/ /ftd/
bend
/bend/
bent
/bent/
bent
/bent/
fly
/fla/
flew
/flu/
flown
/fln/
bet
/bet/
bet
/bet/
bet
/bet/
bite
/bat/
bit
/bt/
bitten
/bt()n/
bleed
/blid/
bled
/bled/
bled
/bled/
blow
/bl/
blew
/blu/
blown
/bln/
break
/brek/
broke
/brk/
broken /brkn/
bring
/br/
brought /brt/
brought /brt/
broadcast /brdkst/
broadcast /brdkst/ broadcasted /brdkstd/
broadcast /brdkst/ broadcasted /brdkstd/
build
/bld/
built
built
burn
/b(r)n/
burnt /b(r)nt/ burnt /b(r)nt/ burned /b(r)nd/ burned /b(r)nd/
burst
/b(r)st/ burst
/blt/
/b(r)st/ burst
/blt/
/b(r)st/
forbid /f(r)bd/
forbade /f(r)bd/
forbidden /f(r)bd()n/
forget /f(r)et/
forgot /f(r)t/
forgotten /f(r)t()n/
forgive /f(r)v/
forgave /f(r)ev/
forgiven /f(r)v()n/
freeze
/friz/
froze
/frz/
frozen /frz()n/
get
/et/
got
/t/
got
/t/
give
/v/
gave
/ev/
given
/v()n/
go
//
went
/went/
gone
/n/
grind
/rand/
ground /rand/ ground /rand/
grow
/r/
grew
/ru/
grown
/rn/
hang
/h/
hung
/h/
hung
/h/
have
/hv/
had
/hd/ /hd/
had
/hd/ /hd/
hear
/h(r)/
heard
/h(r)d/
heard
/h(r)d/
hide
/had/
hid
/hd/
hidden /hd()n/
hit
/ht/
hit
/ht/
hit
/ht/
hold
/hld/
held
/held/
held
/held/
hurt
/h(r)t/
hurt
/h(r)t/
hurt
/h(r)t/
keep
/kip/
kept
/kept/
kept
/kept/
know
/n/
knew
/nju/
known /nn/
lay
/le/
laid
/led/
laid
/led/
lead
/lid/
led
/led/
led
/led/
lean
/lin/
leant /lent/ leaned /lind/
buy
/ba/
bought /bt/
bought /bt/
catch
/kt/
caught /kt/
caught /kt/
choose /tuz/
chose
/tz/
chosen /tz()n/
come
/km/
came
/kem/
come
/km/
cost
/kst/
cost
/kst/
cost
/kst/
cut
/kt/
cut
/kt/
cut
/kt/
deal
/dil/
dealt
/delt/
dealt
/delt/
dig
/d/
dug
/d/
dug
/d/
dive
/dav/
dove dived
/dv/ /davd/
dived
/davd/
do
/du/
did
/dd/
done
/dn/
draw
/dr/
drew
/dru/
drawn
/drn/
dream
/drim/
dreamt /dremt/ dreamt /dremt/ dreamed /drimd/ dreamed /drimd/
learn
/l(r)n/
learnt /l(r)nt/ learnt /l(r)nt/ learned /l(r)nd/ learned /l(r)nd/
drink
/drk/
drank
/drk/
drunk
/drk/
leave
/liv/
left
/left/
left
/left/
drive
/drav/
drove
/drv/
driven
/drv()n/
lend
/lend/
lent
/lent/
lent
/lent/
eat
/it/
ate
/eit/ /et/
eaten
/it()n/
let
/let/
let
/let/
let
/let/
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leant /lent/ leaned /lind/
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
lie
/la/
lay
light
/lat/
lit /lt/ lighted /lated/
lit /lt/ lighted /lated/
lose
/luz/
lost
/lst/
lost
/lst/
make
/mek/
made
/med/
made
/med/
mean
/min/
meant
/ment/
meant
meet
/mit/
met
/met/
met
/le/
lain
Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
sing
/s/
sang
/s/
sung
/s/
sink
/sk/
sank
/sk/
sunk
/sk/
sit
/st/
sat
/st/
sat
/st/
sleep
/slip/
slept
/slept/
slept
/slept/
/ment/
smell
/smel/
smelt /smelt/ smelled /smeld/
smelt /smelt/ smelled /smeld/
/met/
speak
/spik/
spoke
spoken /spkn/
/len/
/spk/
mistake /mstek/
mistook /mstk/
mistaken /msteken/
spell
/spel/
spelt /spelt/ spelled /speld/
spelt /spelt/ spelled /speld/
overcome /v(r)km/
overcame /v(r)kem/
overcome /v(r)km/
spend
/spend/
spent
/spent/
spent
/spent/
spill
/spl/
spilt spilled
/splt/ /spld/
spilt spilled
/splt/ /spld/
spit
/spt/
spat
/spt/
spat
/spt/
split
/splt/
split
/splt/
split
/splt/
/spl/
spoilt /splt/ spoiled /spld/
spoilt /splt/ spoiled /spld/
overtake /v(r)tek/
overtook /v(r)tk/
overtaken /v(r)teken/
pay
/pe/
paid
paid
prove
/pruv/
proved /pruvd/
proven /pruv()n/ proved /pruvd/
spoil
put
/pt/
put
/pt/
put
/pt/
spread /spred/
spread /spred/
spread /spred/
quit
/kwt/
quit
/kwt/
quit
/kwt/
stand
/stnd/
stood
/std/
stood
/std/
read
/rid/
read
/red/
read
/red/
steal
/stil/
stole
/stl/
stolen
/stl()n/
ride
/rad/
rode
/rd/
ridden
/rd()n/
stick
/stk/
stuck
/stk/
stuck
/stk/
ring
/r/
rang
/r/
rung
/r/
strike
/strak/
struck
/strk/
struck /strk/ stricken /strkn/
rise
/raz/
rose
/rz/
risen
/rz()n/
swear
/swe(r)/ swore
/sw(r)/
sworn
/sw(r)n/
run
/rn/
ran
/rn/
run
/rn/
sweep
/swip/
swept
/swept/
swept
/swept/
say
/se/
said
/sed/
said
/sed/
swim
/swm/
swam
/swm/
swum
/swm/
see
/si/
saw
/s/
seen
/sin/
swing
/sw/
swung /sw/
swung /sw/
seek
/sik/
sought /st/
sought /st/
tear
/te(r)/
tore
/t(r)/
torn
/t(r)n/
sell
/sel/
sold
/sld/
sold
/sld/
take
/tek/
took
/tk
/ taken
/tekn/
send
/send/
sent
/sent/
sent
/sent/
teach
/tit/
taught
/tt/
taught
/tt/
set
/set/
set
/set/
set
/set/
tell
/tel/
told
/tld/
told
/tld/
sew
/s/
sewed
/sd/
sewn sewed
/sn/ /sd/
think
/k/
thought /t/
thought /t/
shake
/ek/
shook
/k/
shaken /ekn/
throw
/r/
threw
thrown /rn/
shine
/an/
shined /and/ shone /n/
shined /and/ shone /n/
shoot
/ut/
shot
shot
show
//
/ped/
/t/
showed /d/
/ped/
/t/
shown /n/ showed /d/
shrink
/rk/
shrank /rk/
shrunk /rk/
shut
/t/
shut
shut
THAT’S ENGLISH!
/t/
/t/
/ru/
understand /nd(r)stnd/
understood /nd(r)std/
understood /nd(r)std/
upset
/pset/
upset
/pset/
upset
/pset/
wake
/wek/
woke
/wk/
woken
/wkn/
wear
/we(r)/
wore
/w(r)/
worn
/w(r)n/
win
/wn/
won
/wn/
won
/wn/
write
/rat/
wrote
/rt/
written /rt()n/
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Audio Scripts UNIT 1. LIFELONG LEARNING
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 11) Activities 6 and 7 4
Interviewer: Rosie: Interviewer: Rosie:
Interviewer: Rosie:
Interviewer: Rosie:
Interviewer: Rosie: Interviewer: Rosie:
Rosie, what’s it like being a graduate trainee? Well, to be honest it’s quite difficult and stressful. Really? Why’s that? I work at a big bank, and the competition here is very intense. I mean, everyone on the graduate trainee programme is extremely bright and they’ve all got good degrees. Hmm, I see. That can’t be easy. What type of inservice training do you get? Well, we work in a different department every month, so we get a good global view of the business. That’s the good side. The bad side is that you get exposed to lots of information, and sometimes it’s difficult to absorb it all. Do you have to take any exams? Yes, we do. We have an exam every month, and if you don’t do well your boss wants to know why! So you have to take them seriously! How have you done so far? I’ve passed the first three, so I suppose the answer is, not too badly! And how do you study? Well, the company has an online learning platform. So when I go home after a hard day’s work, I switch on my computer and start studying! It’s not exactly what I feel like doing, but I guess that’s the price of trying to have a successful career.
LANGUAGE STUDY 2 (page 15) Activity 2 7
1 We can come tomorrow at 10 o’clock. 2 We could go to the cinema tonight. 3 Can I help you? 4 I hope you can! 5 I can’t understand why she couldn’t phone me. 6 Could you tell me where the station is? 7 No, I can’t. 8 It’s on the right. You can’t miss it! Activity 6 8
a When I went to the adult education centre, I was amazed when I saw the prospectus — you can study almost anything! One of the things that surprised me is that they offered courses in English for speakers of other languages. But when you think about it, a lot of immigrants live in our area now and English isn’t their first language. b I’ve been at university for two years now, so I’ve got two years to go. I’m home at the moment because it’s my mum’s 50th birthday, and I didn’t want to miss it. Life at uni is very different from life back home. To be honest, I prefer it because there’s a lot more going on. c We’ve just finished it — it’s about dinosaurs! I learnt loads when I was doing it. We even went to the Natural History
148
Museum where we saw a life-size skeleton of Tyrannosaurus Rex, the most dangerous dinosaur that ever existed. I hope that our teacher likes what we’ve done! d I’m not exactly sure what I want to do. I must say that there are a lot of options to choose from. I think I’ll probably do the Do It Yourself course in the end. I’m useless around the house, and I need to learn to do more things for myself. e The great thing about the Open University is that my wife doesn’t actually have to go to lectures because she studies at home. She only physically goes to c lass once a year — there’s a weeklong course in the summer where she gets to meet all the other students.
CONSOLIDATION (page 17) Activities 4 and 5 9
A: Hello, how can I help you? B: Hello, I’m phoning about the EU’s Lifelong Learning Programme. I’d like to know if I can take part in it. A: I see. Are you currently doing some kind of training? B: Yes, I’m training to be a chef. A: OK, good. Could you tell me where exactly you are doing your training? B: At the Marwood Centre in Liverpool. A: I see. And have you asked them if they participate in the project? B: Yes, I have. The problem is that they don’t. That’s why I’m ringing you! A: I understand. I’m sorry to say that it’s quite difficult for individuals to apply to take part in the programme. Usually we only work with organisations. B: So, is it going to be impossible then? A: Could you please wait a minute and I’ll ask. .......... A: Hello? B: Yes? A: I’ve got some good news! You can apply. B: Great! Could you tell me how I go about doing that? A: Yes, of course. You just have to fill in the form on our website. When you do, make sure that you say that you want to take part in the Leonardo da Vinci Programme. B: The Leonardo da Vinci Programme? What’s that? A: That’s the programme for people doing vocational training — like you. B: OK. Thanks a million. You’ve been very helpful! A: You’re welcome!
SELF TEST (page 18) Activities 8 and 9 10
Carl: Fiona: Carl: Fiona: Carl: Fiona: Carl: Fiona:
Hey Fiona, you know you took some notes in that lecture I couldn’t go to? Yeah, what about it, Carl? Well, I’m looking at them now and your writing’s terrible! Can you give me a hand and read them to me? I’m sorry, but I really haven’t got time. I’ve got to revise for the biology exam tomorrow. The biology exam tomorrow? What are you talking about, Fiona? I didn’t know that we had an exam tomorrow. Well, if you attended lectures more often, you would have known. But you could have told me! Well, I can’t think of everything, can I? Anyway, there’s nothing we can do about it now, is there?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Oh, thanks a lot! Carl: Fiona: Look, you’ve still got all night. If you start revising now, I’m sure that you won’t do too badly in the exam. I suppose you’re right. There’s no time to lose! Carl:
UNIT 2. BANKS
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 22) Activity 7 14
A: B: A: B: A: B: A:
B: A: B: A:
B: A: B: A:
B: A:
Good morning. Can I help you? Yes, I’d like to open a bank account. Of course. What sort of account were you thinking of? Well, I have just started a new job, so I want an account to pay in my salary and where I can pay some of my bills. That would be a current account then. We can set up direct debits for your electricity, water and telephone bills if you want. That would be good. What about withdrawals? Do I get a cashpoint card? Yes, you automatically receive a debit card to use in cashpoint machines or shops. And there is no charge for withdrawals in the UK. That’s perfect. Do you own a house? No, but in the future I hope to buy one. So you will also be looking for a mortgage offer. We have a no-fee new mortgage offer on at the moment and probably for the next year or so. That sounds interesting, but I’ll think about that for later. Can I also get a credit card with my new account? Yes, we’ll give you a credit card with no charge for the first year. Fine. Will you be interested in saving money? We have a savings account that offers 2% interest if you make a commitment to save £200 a month. I don’t think I’ll be able to afford that yet. So what do I need to do to open the account? Well, we just need to fill out these forms…
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 25) Activity 4 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
seven pounds fifty seventeen billion dollars thirty-seven per cent twenty-two point three per cent three euros forty a hundred and fifty thousand two hundred and fifty thousand, four hundred and ninety dollars
Activities 7 and 8 19
Presenter: This is the solidarity spot on Stockworth local radio. In these difficult economic times there are people in the area who need just a little help and have come to the programme to explain why they need your support. Our first guest is Robert Taylor, the owner of the bakery on Silver Street. Robert: Hello everyone. My problem is that bread and cake sales have been low. I was given a loan by the bank to start the business, but I can’t repay it. I have been offered a contract to provide bread for the local schools, but it doesn’t start till next month, so I need
THAT’S ENGLISH!
around £5,000 to cover the repayments. Can anyone help? Presenter: Thank you Robert. Let’s move on to Anne Winter, a housewife from Stockworth. So Anne, tell us about your problem. Anne: I don’t know what to do. We were given a mortgage for £100,000 five years ago, but the interest rates have gone up to 7.5%, so the monthly repayments are too much. I have three children, and my husband is unemployed.The bank is going to take the house! What we really need is a job, for either of us. I am willing to work in anything, and my husband is a builder. Please, has anyone got an offer for us? Presenter: Well Anne, I’m sure that our listeners will respond. Now, we have one final petition from Frank Granger, the director of the furniture factory. Frank, the factory employs around 300 people from the area, doesn’t it? Frank: Yes, but all the money that we make goes to pay their salaries. The company was allowed an overdraft of £60,000 by the bank, but we have nothing left to pay it back. If we can’t pay it off in the next month, they will make us close the business, and then what will happen to the workers? We need to increase sales and then the bank might give us some more time. We need a contract that will guarantee production. Presenter: Well, let’s see what our listeners have to say about the problems...
CONSOLIDATION (page 27) Activities 4 and 5 20
Presenter: Today we have Jenny Pritchard from The Hunger Project in the studio to talk to us. Hello, good morning! Jenny: Presenter: So, Jenny, tell us how the project is going this year. Umm, I think the best way to explain the success is Jenny: to tell you about one of my favourite women and her story. Her name is Amina Bomara. Presenter: So what’s special about her? Well, she’s not the only woman to have worked Jenny: incredibly hard and done incredibly well, but to give you an idea, I’ll start at the beginning. I am working on two projects, one in Ethiopia and one in Ghana – Amina is from there. She was born in 1970 and has always lived in the same village. In 1995, she applied for a loan from The Hunger Project and bought two goats. Presenter: Do many people have goats in Ghana? Some do, but only the richer families. Anyway, the Jenny: two goats were enough to provide milk for her family and also to start selling the milk to others. Presenter: So that was how she started her business, was it? Actually, she also received training in business Jenny: management and more funds to start a business selling goat meat. With the profit she made, she could buy more goats and so the business developed. Presenter: And what is her situation now? At the moment she employs two people. One is a Jenny: butcher who deals with the meat business and the other looks after the goats and the milk production. Presenter: And what about her future? Well, I think she is more concerned about the future Jenny: of her family. She has been able to pay for her children’s education and has invested in buildings for the goats. This has also provided employment for other members of her community. Presenter: Well, it certainly sounds like a worthwhile project and I hope the good work will continue long...
149
Audio Scripts SELF TEST (page 28) Activity 5 21
And now let’s move on to the economy. There has been a fall in the mortgage rate this month to one and a half per cent. This is the lowest for the past two years and may help improve the situation of house sales. The average price of an apartment in the city has also fallen to around Ð225,000, which means that the value of property has gone down 4.6% since the summer. However, with recent salary cuts and a 15% unemployment rate, experts predict that many people who were thinking of buying a house are now waiting to see if the economy improves. On an average salary of Ð20,000 a year in the region, some families are having problems paying the bills.
UNIT 3. GREEN ISSUES
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 32) Activities 8 and 9
Speaker 2: Presenter: Speaker 2:
Presenter: Speaker 2:
Presenter:
questions, let’s hear from our other expert today. What environmental situation do you want to bring to our attention? Well, does everyone know that whales are being killed to provide dog food in Japan? Really! I had no idea! Food for Japanese dogs! Yes, it’s true. At present there is a campaign to prevent the hunters from sending the whale meat through European ports. So that would mean they cannot export the meat. Exactly! For the moment, most European governments are responding to the appeal and banning the ships that carry whale meat from entering their ports, but more people need to sign our petition to stop any ports accepting this terrible business. My worry is that these wonderful animals are being hunted to extinction. That certainly is serious. We can’t let whales disappear… Well, now we have a listener on the line who would like to talk to you about this very subject…
SELF TEST (page 38) Activities 5 and 6
25
Tom: I really think we should do something about the situation here. I mean, the rubbish won’t fit in the bins anymore because they don’t come often enough to collect it. Sue: Well, my biggest worry is that there will be rats and insects in the rubbish if it stays on the street for too long. Tom: You’re quite right, but really the local council should have done something about it before the problem became serious. Sue: Yes, I know, I understand, but we need to collaborate as well. If we didn’t generate so much rubbish then it wouldn’t be a problem. I think we should recycle more. Tom: I don’t see why that’s my problem. I pay for the service, so they should take the rubbish away. Sue: Yes, but we could have done something to help. You could make compost with your kitchen and garden waste. Tom: I don’t have time for that. All this recycling is complicated. The council has to organise a better system. Sue: Well, we should be worried about our planet. You know, if everyone was more concerned and made an effort, then we wouldn’t have to pay so much for repairing the damage. Tom: I don’t agree. I think the government is responsible.
30
Anna: Linda:
Anna: Linda:
Anna: Linda: Anna: Linda: Anna: Linda:
Anna:
Hi Linda. I haven’t heard from you in ages! What are you doing these days? Well, I’m just finishing my second year at university and I’m busy planning my summer. I’m thinking of working as a volunteer in Spain this summer. Really? What can you do in Spain? There are projects in the Canary Islands which I thought looked interesting. So I’m booked to fly to Tenerife next month. Wow, what are you going to do there? I’ve decided to collaborate with two projects. One is to help care for wild animals that have been injured. You mean sea birds, for example? Yes. And the other is to help prevent forest fires. How can you do that? Mostly by giving information to tourists and local residents, especially in areas where fires may be common in the summer. I’m impressed! Maybe I should do something to help this summer as well!
CONSOLIDATION (page 37) Activities 4 and 5 29
Presenter: Good morning. Which issue would you like to bring to the attention of our listeners today? Speaker 1: Well, I don’t know if people have heard about projects to construct new ports near the Great Barrier Reef. Presenter: That’s in Australia, isn’t it? Speaker 1: That’s right. Anyway, some Australian mining companies want to increase the number and size of ships that transport coal and other minerals. Presenter: Is this an important industry in the area? Speaker 1: Yes, mining is very important. The problem is if the ships are bigger, they will have to make the shipping channels deeper. Presenter: What does that involve? Speaker 1: It means digging out sand and earth from the bottom of the sea. But the major problem is that they will then dump the material in the marine park area. This will affect marine life such as turtles, dolphins and the famous coral of this beautiful area. Presenter: It sounds like a disaster! Before we invite listeners’
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UNIT 4. SHOPPING
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 41) Activity 3 33
1 He may go out tomorrow. 2 They can’t have got there yet. 3 He must have been angry. 4 He must be at the supermarket. 5 They could have a meeting. 6 They could have been in a meeting. 7 Jane might not have any beans in the kitchen. 8 Jane might not have been in the kitchen. Activities 9 and 10
(page 42)
34
Interviewer: How often do you go shopping?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Oh, not very often. I buy most of my stuff online. Shopper: Interviewer: Really? Isn’t that a bit dangerous? No, not at all. Millions of people do it every day. Shopper: I think that’s how everyone will probably shop in 20 or 30 years’ time. Interviewer: But why do you prefer shopping online? Shopper: It’s much more convenient. I mean, you don’t have to queue up, or waste time going to and from the shop! Interviewer: That’s true, but how do you know that you’re buying good-quality stuff? Well, in my experience that isn’t a problem. You Shopper: usually get what you see in the picture online. Interviewer: Isn’t it more expensive? Don’t you have to pay extra to get everything delivered? No, not at all. Often it’s cheaper because you get Shopper: lots of special offers online. You should try it! Interviewer: If everyone did what you’re recommending, a lot of people working in shops would lose their jobs. Well, that may be true, but I’m sorry – I’m not Shopper: going to stop shopping online because of that.
LANGUAGE STUDY 2 (page 45) Activity 1 36
1 A: My grandmother fell over when she was doing the shopping. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 2 A: Someone stole my wallet while I was in the supermarket. B: You must be very upset about that. 3 A: I came second in the competition to win a sports car. B: What bad luck! 4 A: The local grocer’s shop has been destroyed in a fire. B: How dreadful! 5 A: My car stopped in the middle of the motorway! B: That must have been awful! 6 A: What have you done to your hand? B: I cut it badly using our new electric knife. A: I’m terribly sorry! Activity 2 37
1 A: I’ve failed Maths for the fourth time. B: How rotten! 2 A: When I went to pay at the supermarket, they said that I had given them a fake £20 note! B: That must have been awful! 3 A: My son has stolen £20 from my purse. B: You must be very upset about that. 4 A: My husband has just lost his job. B: I can’t tell you how sorry I am for you and your family! 5 A: Our next-door neighbour has cancer. B: How awful! 6 A: I saw a really bad car crash yesterday. B: That must have been very upsetting.
CONSOLIDATION (page 47) Activities 6 and 7 38
Interviewer: Diane, what should we look for on labels when we buy food? Well, to be honest my favourite foods don’t have Diane: labels.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Interviewer: I’m sorry, can you explain what you mean? I don’t really recommend buying food which is Diane: processed. So I almost never buy food that comes in plastic packaging with labels. We all need to buy natural products! I mean, when you buy a banana at the greengrocer’s or a fresh chicken at your local butcher’s, it doesn’t have a label! Interviewer: But not everyone has the time to buy lots of fresh ingredients and then cook a meal… Well, that’s true. If you are going to buy food that Diane: is processed, you must look at the ingredients! I think that’s the crucial point. Don’t look at what it says in big letters on the packaging. That will just be marketing messages like ‘0% cholesterol’ or ‘Macrobiotic’, but they don’t mean anything. Interviewer: OK, I see. But when you look at the ingredients, what should you look for? Well, you certainly don’t want to see chemicals Diane: with long names that you don’t understand! And you also want to avoid food with lots of sugar or artificial sugar substitutes.
SELF TEST (page 48) Activities 9 and 10 39
Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man:
Have you done the shopping? Yes, it’s all done! But you haven’t been out! And the fridge is empty! That’s right! I don’t understand. Is this a joke? I’ve just bought everything we need online. Online? Really? How did you pay? By credit card. Is that safe? Of course it is! Lots of people do it these days. Well, I hope you’re right. Anyway, when is all this stuff going to arrive? Woman: They’re going to deliver it some time this afternoon. This afternoon? But my parents are coming to lunch Man: — not dinner! Woman: Oh no, I’d forgotten about that! Perhaps we could give them a cheese sandwich. That’s all we’ve got at the moment! Very funny. I suppose I’ll have to pop out to the Man: shops in that case. I’ll see you later!
UNIT 5. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 52) Activity 8 42
Alan: Jane: Alan: Jane: Alan: Jane: Alan: Jane: Alan:
Have you heard the latest track by Eminem? No, I thought it hadn’t been released yet. Yes, it was released last week and it’s just come out on the website MusicShare – Look! Mike shared it with me… How do you do that? What is MusicShare anyway? Well, I’m not sure how it works, but I pay every month and I can listen to almost any piece of music I like. Wow!That sounds cool! And how do you share it? Well, you can invite your friends on a social network site. Then they can see what you are listening to. So, if you have similar tastes then you can find new songs you like. And bands. Mike’s really into rap, so I hear about all
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Audio Scripts Jane: Alan:
Jane: Alan:
the new rap and hip hop bands from him. Great. You must tell me how to join. I will. The only problem I find sometimes is that there is just too much music. When you open the site they send you all the latest recommendations. I can’t resist listening to some of them, then, I spend hours doing that instead of working. Yeah! I can understand that! Anyway, I’ll send you the link and you can see for yourself.
Speaker B:
Speaker C:
CONSOLIDATION (page 57) Activities 6 and 7
Speaker D:
47
Presenter: Good morning and welcome to The Consumer Programme . Today we’ll be talking to expert Terry Hawthorn about the effects of music on consumers. Hello Terry. Thanks for coming in to the studio. It’s a pleasure. Thank you. Terry: Presenter: So, I’ve heard that we are far more influenced by music than we realise. Yes, that’s true. Nowadays in most commercial Terry: establishments there is always music in the background and studies have produced some surprising statistics about how this music can affect shopping habits. Presenter: I don’t think music affects how much or what I buy! You’d be amazed. For example, did you know that Terry: people eat more quickly if the background music is fast? Presenter: Really? Yes, and in restaurants that play quiet, slow music, Terry: diners take their time and eat more slowly. Presenter: So, then you know where to go for a quick meal by listening to the music before you sit down! Exactly! And on the subject of food, another study Terry: has shown that in a supermarket which played German music, more German wine was sold. The week they wanted to sell French wine, they played French music and it had the effect of increasing sales of wine from France. Presenter: Incredible. And playing classical music or pop music also Terry: influences the price of wine that people buy. Presenter: Don’t tell me. Classical music makes us buy more expensive wine. Correct. And music has a similar effect on the Terry: purchases of other products. We can be persuaded to buy more expensive cars, electronic devices or even furniture. Presenter: How do advertisers persuade us to buy a particular brand with music? Well, for example, well-known, lively popular songs are Terry: used to sell cars to young people, while quieter, more elegant music is used to sell more expensive models. Presenter: I see what you mean! Maybe I did buy my sports car because of the music.
SELF TEST (page 58) Activity 7 48
Speaker A:
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I’m the biggest fan of Bob Marley. I’ve been interested in reggae music since the 80s. I used to have vinyl records, but now I take my MP3 player wherever I go: on the bus, in the library, all the time. I usually download my favourite songs from a music website.
s
Generally I go to concerts at the weekend, but if there is a special orchestra playing during the week, I sometimes go to the concert hall. I prefer more modern composers and I’ve seen one or two performances where the conductor and the composer were the same person. I’m an old hippie at heart! I love music from the 60s, especially folk musicians who started the love and peace movement. I’m also traditional in my technology. Would you believe it? I still have a stereo for my old LPs and often spend the evening after work playing those songs. Every weekend you’ll find me in one of the clubs in town. We don’t get many of the famous DJs here, but I love dancing to fast techno music. Sometimes we stay till the early morning and then go for breakfast with the sound still ringing in our ears.
UNIT 6. AT WORK
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (pages 61 and 62) Activities 7 and 8 52
Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley:
Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley: Mike: Shirley:
Hey, Shirley! How’s the new job going? Hi, Mike. How did you know that I’d got a new job? Your sister told me when I saw her yesterday. Oh, I see. Well, as you’re asking, it’s fantastic! Really? I suppose you must be making a lot of money, then. How much are you earning? That’s a bit direct, isn’t it? Why are you so interested in my salary? Well, it’s the most important thing about a job, isn’t it? Do you think so? I’m not sure I agree. Really? So why is the job so great, then? What I like about it is that I can use my skills. I speak French and German almost every day, and I prepare all my boss’s presentations. And what are the people there like? Oh, all the staff are really nice. And the job comes with some good perks, too. Like what? Well, there’s flexitime, which means that I can start early and finish early. That sounds good! It is. And we all get private health insurance too, which could be very useful. Wow! Do you know if they’re looking for any new people at the moment? I don’t know, but I can ask my boss if you’re genuinely interested.
LANGUAGE STUDY 1
(page 62)
Activites 13 and 14 53
Recruiter: How long have you been out of work now? Oh, about three months. Tom: Recruiter: And why did you lose your job? Did you have any particular problems at work? No, not really. I was made redundant because the Tom: company outsourced a lot of the work to Asia. Recruiter: Oh, I see. And what did you do at your old company? I worked as a customer service consultant. Tom: Recruiter: Were you the only customer service person? No, I worked in a team of five. Tom: Recruiter: What was your place of work like?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Tom:
Recruiter: Tom: Recruiter: Tom:
Recruiter: Tom: Recruiter:
Tom:
It was pretty good. There was a nice atmosphere and we all got on really well. The only problem was that it took me a long time to get to work – an hour on a good day. And how long was your working day? Well, I worked for eight hours a day, but the exact times varied. So did you work flexitime? No, we worked shifts. Sometimes I worked in the morning, sometimes in the afternoon, and sometimes at night. So you don’t mind working unsocial hours? Well, I don’t mind working shifts, but I wouldn’t want to work unsocial hours all the time. Hmm... I’ve heard that Brent Systems are looking for a customer service executive with experience. Would you be interested in applying for a job there? Yes, I would! That’s great news! Thank you!
CONSOLIDATION (page 67) Activities 6, 7 and 8 57
1: In my job you really need to be a psychologist. Each person you work with is different, so you have to speak to them in a different way. You obviously work under a tremendous amount of pressure. Results are literally everything. That’s why not many of us last more than three years in the same job, and some of us are sacked after only a few months! In spite of everything, I love the job and I don’t think I’ll ever retire – if I can get work. Even so, it was much, much better when I was a player. 2: When I decided to train for this job my mother asked me if I knew what I was doing. I’m not surprised because you need a real vocation to do it. Some people think that it’s an easy job — you work on Sunday but then there’s not much to do the rest of the time. But it really isn’t like that at all. I sometimes work very unsocial hours and I spend a lot of time visiting old people at home or in hospital. It’s very difficult to have any kind of work-life balance, because your work is your life! But at the end of the day, I suppose that my religion should be my life. 3: It’s not a bad job, really. You work outside and you do a lot of walking. You don’t have a boss telling you what to do. I suppose I ended up doing it because my dad was one, too. He always said that you could earn a living in this job if you were careful with money. That’s still true today. What’s more, there’s a lot of job security – you probably won’t be laid off and your job can’t be outsourced to another country. The worst part is the really cold days in winter when you can’t even feel the letters in your hands!
SELF TEST (page 68) Activity 7 58
A: B: A: B:
Would you say that you like your job? Well, it has its good points and its bad points… like all jobs. OK, so let’s start with the good points. Well, the days are never the same. You never know what’s going to happen when you go out on the street. I also like the contact with members of the general public. They often ask us for directions, and I’m more than happy to help. A: OK, how about some of the bad points. B: Em, I think that this is a young person’s job. I mean, you need a lot of energy to do it well. I’m 54 now, and sometimes it’s difficult to get up in the morning with the same sense of commitment as when I was 25. Although perhaps that
THAT’S ENGLISH!
happens in all jobs – I don’t know. Also, it’s difficult to get a promotion. I haven’t been promoted in the last 10 years. Of course promotion isn’t everything, but it’s nice to get some recognition from time to time. A: Would you recommend this job to young people?
B: Well, it’s not as glamorous as in the programmes on TV – you know, Columbo or Hawaii Five-O . But if you care about stopping crime and want to make cities safe, it can be a very good job! And even today, most people respect you when they see you in uniform on the street.
UNIT 7. INTERNET
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 71) Activities 5 and 6 62
Carol: Hi Mel, it’s Carol. How are you doing? Mel: Fine, and you? Carol: Well, I’ve got a bit of a disaster here. Last night my router broke, so I’ve got no Internet on my PC. Mel: Oh no! Carol: And I have to send in the final report to my manager by three o’clock this afternoon on the company website. Mel: That is a problem! Have you called the phone company? Carol: Yes, but they won’t come until tomorrow. What can I do? Mel: Well, it depends on what signals you have in your area. Are there any wi-fi hotspots nearby? Carol: Umm… I don’t think so. Mel: What about your phone? Have you got a smartphone? Carol: Yes, but how can that help? Mel: Don’t you know that you’ve got Internet on your phone? Carol: Yes, I mean… I can see my emails, but I’ve never been really interested in anything else. I don’t know how to use the phone to send documents. Mel: Well, let me see if I can explain… you can connect your PC to Internet using your phone as a hotspot. Carol: Really! I had no idea! Mel: OK. So you need to find the option for tethering on your phone. Carol: Where’s that? Mel: Go to settings first. Carol: OK. Let me get this clear… I have to go to settings and then... Mel: Look for the option wireless and network. Carol: Mmm, let’s see… got it! Now what? Mel: Then there should be an option called tethering and portable hotspot. Carol: I’ve found that! So I just set up a connection with a password. Mel: That’s right. Then you acti vate it and it should appear on your PC Internet options. Carol: Thanks so much! I’ll try it now and call you again if it doesn’t work!! Mel: No problem. Good luck!
CONSOLIDATION (page 77) Activities 5 and 6 65
Sandra: Sometimes I feel that the Internet is taking control of the world. You’re right there, but at least it belongs to everyone Kevin: and it’s free. Sandra: What do you mean ‘free’! We all have to pay for our
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Audio Scripts Kevin: Sandra: Kevin:
Sandra:
Kevin:
Sandra:
Kevin:
Sandra:
Kevin:
Internet provider. Yes, but you can get free Internet in lots of hotspots like cafés. But you have to buy a coffee! And you need a smartphone or laptop to be able to connect. Well, I still think it’s a great opportunity for people. You know, some clever people have made a lot of money with Internet businesses. But lots of others have failed. Haven’t you ever received an email telling you that you can get rich quickly on the Internet? Yes, but then they ask you to send your bank information and take your money instead of giving you anything! I agree, the Internet isn’t the solution to financial problems. And it has affected lots of small businesses like shops. Many local shops have closed because of online shopping. That is because they don’t try to compete. I have a friend who only sells his products online now. He doesn’t have to pay the rent for the s hop and he makes much more money. You have to go out and look for opportunities, not wait for the customers to come to you. Well, I think the Internet isn’t safe. I’m not happy gi ving my personal information and I worry about younger people and the problems they can have on the web. It depends, but the world hasn’t changed that much. There are bad people on the Internet, the same as on the street. You just have to be careful wherever you are then you’ll be safe.
SELF TEST (page 78) Activity 5
care with their personal information. Jim Smart: That’s right, but the Internet is still a wonderful tool!
UNIT 8. POLITICS
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (page 81) Activities 6 and 7 70
A: How do you decide to vote in elections? B: Usually I vote against the party in government. I don’t think it’s good for the same party to be in power for a long time. Look at the experience of Britain and Spain and you’ll see what I mean. A: Do you think that MPs do a good job? B: To be honest, I don’t know the answer to that question. I know that today it’s fashionable to say that many MPs are only in politics because they want an easy life and because they can’t do anything else, but I think that’s far too simplistic. A: Who caused the recession in Spain? B: I think we were all responsible. Everyone thought that they could all become rich without working hard. And the banks lent money to people even when they knew that they couldn’t pay it back. A: Do you think that pensioners are paid enough? B: Well, of course we would all like pensioners to get more money, but we have to be realistic. There are more and more pensioners in society today, and the government already spends a lot of money on them. So I can’t really say that I think pensions should be increased.
66
Presenter:
Jim Smart: Presenter: Jim Smart: Caller:
Jim Smart:
Presenter:
Jim Smart: Presenter: Caller:
Jim Smart:
Presenter:
154
Hello and welcome to Internet Myths! Today blog writer Jim Smart, is here to talk about what we can or can’t believe on the Internet. Welcome and good morning. Good morning! So, today’s first caller has a question for you Jim. OK. Hello, good morning. I have a couple of questions for you. I’m fascinated by some of the information about the creators of the Internet. Is it true that the ex-vice president of the USA… you know, Al Gore… said that he invented the Internet? Well, not exactly. A reporter asked him to describe his contribution to US society and he said that he had taken the initiative in creating the Internet. He meant that he had helped promote the Internet! Well, sometimes people interpret information in different ways. But we can easily find out if something is true or not by using the Internet, can’t we? Yes, if you are sensible you can contrast information from websites you trust. And your second question, caller? Um… I thought that you could share information on the web with friends and family without other people being able to read it… I usually do this without worrying. Is this ok? Well, you do have to be careful and I wouldn’t put too much personal information on social networks because you never know who might share your information with someone else. So, what you are telling everyone is that they shouldn’t believe everything they read and take
Activities 13 and 14
(page 82)
71
Ed: Lisa: Ed: Lisa: Ed: Lisa:
Hello, is that Lisa Tanner? Yes, it is. Who’s calling? It’s Ed Dyson, your local MP. Oh really? Yes, I’m calling about the letter you wrote to me. Oh, I thought that you would reply in writing. I didn’t think that you would call me. Well, I like to talk directly to my constituents… especially Ed: when they tell me about a problem. Lisa: I see. Thank you very much! So, can you tell me what you are going to do about crime in our area? Ed: Well, first of all let me say that I agree with you: crime is a problem in Redford. I have talked to the local police about this and they are planning to put more police officers on the street. Lisa: Well, that sounds like a good idea. We really need to catch these criminals! Of course! That’s why I’m also proposing putting security Ed: cameras in the most dangerous areas. Lisa: Oh, I’m not sure I like that idea! After all, we don’t want to live in a police state, do we? Yes Miss Tanner, but as you said, we need to catch the Ed: criminals, don’t we?
LANGUAGE STUDY 2
(page 85)
Activities 6 and 7 75
Journalist: You took office as mayor two years ago. What
THAT’S ENGLISH!
changes have you made so far? Well, the council had a serious budget problem, so the first thing we did was to cut the salaries of many local officials — including the mayor’s salary. I earn much less than the last mayor! Journalist: OK, that sounds very good, but what have the benefits for local people been? Well, the less money we spend on salaries, the Mayor: more we can spend on providing the local services that everyone needs. Journalist: OK, so can you give us some examples of how things have improved? Well, first of all we’re cleaning the streets more Mayor: often than before. I think that everyone has noticed that the town looks better. And we’re also providing more nursery schools for young children, so that now it’s easier for mothers to work. Journalist: And what are your plans for the future? Our readers would like to know! Well, we are going to make the centre of town Mayor: a pedestrian area, so that it will be much more pleasant to live and work there. At the moment you can’t breathe, there are so many cars!
Mayor:
CONSOLIDATION (page 87) Activities 6 and 7 76
A: B:
A: B:
A: B:
What do you think about this question? Hmm, this one is difficult. You might call me a racist, but I completely disagree. Some countries are much more progressive than others. Think about the position of women, for example. In some places women were only given the vote a few years ago! That’s terrible! And in other countries not all the adult population can vote even now! Can you believe it? So it’s obvious that some cultures are much more civilised than others. What about this one? I can’t agree here. I don’t think that the arts deserve special protection. I mean, if people prefer to see American films to British ones, what is the government supposed to do about that? I don’t think that giving the film industry money is going to solve the problem. In fact, I don’t think that we should give public money to any special interest groups: farmers, the church, specific industries. OK, and this one. I think that it depends on the country, but in general I think they already make a big contribution. If you look at where the government gets its money from, most of it comes from them. Just think what it must feel like if you give half of what you earn to the government. I’m not surprised that people like the French film star Gerard Depardieu have decided to change countries because they’re tired of paying so much in taxes.
SELF TEST (page 88) Activities 9 and 10
Veronica: Mike: Veronica: Mike:
And why’s that? They just want to keep rich people happy. Oh, come on! You don’t really believe that, do you? Well, why have they reduced income tax for people on high salaries and at the same time eliminated benefits for poor families with young children? Veronica: Well, that’s not hard to understand, is it? If rich people have more money in their pocket, they’ll spend more. And that’s good for the economy. I can’t believe I’m hearing this! Why can’t you be Mike: honest about your real reasons for supporting the Conservatives? Veronica: I’m sorry, what exactly do you mean? Well, it’s obvious, isn’t it? You earn a lot of money Mike: now, so you don’t want to pay a lot in taxes. That’s why you like the Conservatives! They take care of people like you! Veronica: That’s not fair. I’ve always voted Conservative, even when I was a student and didn’t have any money. I think that they have the best policies. Well, I could never vote for the same party all the Mike: time. I mean, they can’t always be right, can they?
UNIT 9. CELEBRITIES
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 92) Activities 9 and 10 81
Vicky: Lisa: Vicky: Lisa: Vicky:
Lisa: Vicky:
Lisa: Vicky:
Lisa: Vicky:
77
Mike:
Hey Veronica, who are you going to vote for in the next elections? Veronica: Don’t you think that’s a rather personal question, Mike? No, not really. I haven’t got any problems telling Mike: you who I’ll vote for. Veronica: OK then, go ahead, Mike! Well, I know who I’m not going to vote for — the Mike: Conservatives!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Hi Lisa! You’ll never guess who I met in the pub last night! No, who? Well, imagine a tall, dark, good-looking man who has a fantastic voice and sings in the best band in the world! You don’t mean you met Billy York? He’s your idol! What did you say? What did he do? How did you feel? Slow down! I’ll tell you the whole story… We had just got a drink and I was carrying mine to a table when someone knocked my hand and the drink went all over the floor. I was annoyed and started to protest when I looked at the person and saw it was Billy. What did you do? Well, who would think he would be in our town? At first, I thought I had made a mistake but then he said he was sorry and I was sure it was him because of his voice. He told me he would buy me another drink and then… you won’t believe it… he sat down and asked me to tell him about myself, what music I liked, what I was studying, everything! Wow! So did you tell him that you were his biggest fan? No, I didn’t want to say that I knew who he was, so I just acted like it was normal to be talking to Billy York in the pub! Then what happened? That was it! We finished our drinks and he said he had to go because he had a friend to meet. He kissed me on the cheek! I’ll remember that moment forever.
CONSOLIDATION (page 97) Activities 6, 7 and 8 84
Presenter:
Lorna: Presenter:
So the winner tonight in the Price Game is… Lorna! You now have on your list a brand-new Mercedes car! Oh my goodness! A luxury cruise worth £10,000!
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Audio Scripts Lorna: Presenter: Lorna: Tracey: Lorna: Tracey: Lorna: Tracey: Lorna:
Tracey: Lorna:
Tracey: Lorna:
Tracey:
Wow, I can’t believe it! And a free subscription to the fabulous new gym complex Sun City in the centre of London!!! Oh, that’s wonderful! Thank you. Hi Lorna, how are you doing? Oh Tracey, I’m really depressed! What’s the matter? You’ve just won the Price Game — I’m so envious! No, you shouldn’t be jealous. You wouldn’t want to win. Why not? Well, they won’t let me use the prizes until I have paid the taxes. It’s going to cost me £7,000 to keep the car. You could buy a second-hand car for that! And £1,500 to go on holiday and… they have only given me free access to the gym for one month, and I have to promise to pay £250 a month for six months to join! What, you mean you have to pay to get your prizes? Yes, I can’t sell the car until I have paid and I don’t have the money for that. I’ve told them to keep their prizes!! Oh, I’m so sorry!
SELF TEST (page 98) Activities 6 and 7 85
Mike: Hey Jenny, look, there’s an advert here for people to appear on a new reality show! Jenny: That sounds fun, Mike. What is the programme about? Mike: It looks like a show where you have to compete for a boyfriend or girlfriend. Jenny: Another one? I think it would be awful to be on one of those shows! Mike: Well, it might be fun if you don’t take it seriously. Jenny: No way! And can you imagine if you won? You suddenly become famous and have the press hounding you everywhere taking photos. I’d hate that. I like my privacy. Mike: I suppose you’re right. Those photographers can be really annoying, but it would be cool to walk down the road with people saying hello to you. You’d get a good table in a restaurant as well, I’m sure. Jenny: The only thing I’d like about it is if I got rich — at least I could afford a bodyguard to keep the paparazzi away! Mike: True. That’s the main reason celebrities have a good life.
UNIT 10. THE MEDIA
LANGUAGE STUDY 1 (pages 101) Activities 7 and 8
A: B: A: B:
A: B:
at a particular time, especially if you’ve got a broadband connection. You say that the audience is very fragmented, but some programmes get a huge number of viewers every week. Could you give me an example? Well, take the X Factor . That’s watched by nine million people every week. OK, that’s true, but that’s much less than programmes in the past. Thirty years ago it was common for popular programmes to get more than double that number. So things have changed a lot. And they are going to change even more. And do you think this is good or bad news? Well, it depends on who you’re talking about. It’s not very good for TV networks, as they haven’t got the guaranteed audience they had in the past. But for viewers like you and me it’s fantastic. After all, the more choices we have, the better.
LANGUAGE STUDY 2 (page 105) Activities 8 and 9 93
Interviewer: And now for a review of the programmes on TV last week with Joanne Bailey, our TV critic. So Joanne, what were the highlights for you? Well, there was a lot of good stuff on the air last Joanne: week. My personal favourite was the final of the You’re a Star ! Interviewer: And why was that? The quality of all the acts was incredibly high. Joanne: There was a wonderful magician and a fantastic all-girl pop group called Direction X. But the winner was the 16-year-old comedian from Liverpool, Jimmy Flynn. He told some fantastic jokes and did some great imitations. I’m sure he will be a big star in the future. The audience figures for the programme were massive— over 11 million people. It was the most viewed programme on the small screen last week. Interviewer: OK. And did you see anything new that you especially liked? Well, last Thursday they broadcast the first part Joanne: of Victoria. It’s about the life and times of Queen Victoria. The first episode, which covered her life until the age of 10, was very interesting. The costumes were great and the programme gave a fascinating view of the world of the aristocracy at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Interviewer: OK. And is there anything to look out for next week? I’m definitely going to see Viewpoints . It always Joanne: deals with interesting topics, and next week is no exception: the programme is going to be about connections of the British royal family with big business. I can’t wait to see what information they reveal!
CONSOLIDATION (pages 106 and 107) Activities 4 and 5
89
A: How do you see the future of the mass media? B: Well, in general I don’t think it’s very bright. In fact, I’m not sure if we can talk about the mass media any more. A: Why do you say that? B: Well, nowadays the audience is very fragmented because there’s so much choice. I mean, if you want to listen to the news, there are literally dozens of radio and TV stations, both online and offline. What’s more, in today’s world of 24hour coverage, you don’t need to listen to a news bulletin
156
94
Don:
Welcome to our phone-in. Tonight’s subject is: What do you think of TV today? First on the line is Rosie from Hemel Hempstead. Rosie, go ahead… Rosie: Thank you, Don. Well, in my opinion TV these days is a disgrace. There’s far too much sex and violence, and too much swearing, too. When I was young the programmes weren’t like that at all. The problem is that society has got worse, and so has TV.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Thanks, Rosie. Some people say that no one forces you to watch TV. So if you don’t like the programmes, you don’t have to see them. What do you think about that? Rosie: Well, that’s true – and I certainly don’t watch offensive programmes. But even so, in my view there should be some standards on TV. It should be setting an example – but it isn’t. Don: OK, thanks very much for your input. Next on the line is Bruce from Leeds. Bruce, tell us what’s on your mind… Bruce: Well, I think that Rosie has a point, but it’s also true that these days there are so many channels, so you can always find a programme that fits your tastes. But I really wanted to talk about public broadcasting – you know, the BBC. Why should we all pay for the BBC when there are so many commercial channels available? I think it’s no longer needed. Don: Well, that’s certainly given us something to talk about. What do the rest of you think? Don:
SELF TEST (page 108) Activities 6 and 7 95
1 This is Jane Rickman, broadcasting live from the centre of New Town where the streets haven’t been cleaned now for two weeks. The city council says that the situation is not their responsibility as a private company is in charge of cleaning the streets. In the last few days rats have started to appear on the streets and doctors are saying that they will be a danger to public health if nothing is done to improve the situation. 2 After three days of heavy rain, the authorities have announced that there is risk of flooding in large areas in the south of England. Many people have had to leave their homes, which has caused traffic jams on several motorways. Firemen and the army are coordinating the operation and thousands of people are now living in temporary accommodation. Experts say that the bad weather will continue for several more days, so people won’t be able to go back to their homes anytime soon. 3 People in the village of Tawny say that they have seen a lion in fields nearby. Many village residents also report hearing the roar of a lion at night. In confirmation of these reports, two sheep have been killed and eaten by a predator in the last few days. Police say that they are taking the reports seriously and are consulting with wildlife experts, although they say that it is difficult to believe that a lion is responsible for the killings because there isn’t a zoo near Tawny.
UNIT 11. REVISION
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I (page 112) Activity 1 100
Presenter: So, if you’re wondering what to do this summer and fancy something different, why not have a holiday and learn something at the same time? Danny Robinson is here with us today to tell us about the organisation Summer Study. Danny: Hello. Presenter: So can you tell us what exactly Summer Study offers? Do you have to work hard? Danny: Well, that depends on each participant. We have a flexible programme where people can register for up to 5 courses. We offer over 30 different options.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Presenter: And how can we decide which courses to take? Danny: Well, if you want an active time, there are courses on outdoor activities such as climbing or water sports in the local lake. If you are more artistically inclined we have painting for beginners and a sculpture course for more advanced levels. Presenter: What ages do you cater for? Danny: Occasionally we have specialist courses for teenagers, but in general the participants are all adults. They have their own room in the h ostel and, of course, can come and go as they want. If you only want to relax and maybe do a little yoga or pilates you can spend the rest o f the day at the pool or walking in the hills behind the village. We are in the heart of the Lake District. Presenter: What about the social side of the holiday? Danny: In the evenings we have events such as concerts and plays. Sometimes those people who have attended the drama course will perform or the musicians on the rock band course will set up a gig. Presenter: It sounds fascinating! Where can our listeners get more information? Danny: They should visit our website: www.summerstudy.co.uk, and they can see dates, prices and the courses we offer. Presenter: Well, thank you very much Danny. Enjoy the summer!
LISTENING COMPREHENSION II (page 112) Activities 2 and 3 101
Hello and welcome to today’s programme where our team of experts on famous people tells us about celebrities. The celebrities we are going to describe today left school at an early age, but went on to be extremely successful. 1 Richard Branson owns two Caribbean islands! He left school when he was 16 and started his business career first with a magazine about arts and culture and then selling records. His fortune is estimated at $4 billion and he is now involved in many projects including airlines, mobile phone companies and even space travel! 2 Simon Cowell also left school at 16 and joined a record company to work in the mailroom. 7 years later he started his own record company, but he became truly famous as a judge on a TV musical talent show called the X Factor . Now he earns around $80 million a year in the world of TV and music. 3 Sidney Poitier left school at the age of 12 to work to support his family. He joined the army, then worked as a dishwasher and later was employed looking after a drama school building where he exchanged work for drama classes. He was the first black man to win an Oscar in 1963 and now earns around $75 million a year. 4 Amancio Ortega is the son of a railway worker. He left school when he was 14 to work for his parents in street markets selling T-shirts. Today he is worth $57 billion and is the richest businessman in Spain with clothes shops all over the world. 5 Lula da Silva worked in his teens cleaning shoes on the street and then worked in the car industry. He became politically active in his 20s due to the injustice he saw in workers’ conditions and eventually rose to be President of his country. Nowadays he still participates in politics and was once paid $100,000 to give a talk. However, he is not a millionaire.
157
Answer Key LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 11-12)
UNIT 1. LIFELONG LEARNING
Never too old to learn
Activity 2 1 classroom 4 homework 7 bookshop
(page 9)
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 3 1 Higher education 2 Tuition fees 4 graduates 5 distance learning
Activity 2 Student’s own answers. Activity 3 1 Lindsay didn’t go to college when she was younger because she had to work. 2 She´ll be able to apply for a degree course at university next year. Activity 4 1 7 She always feels guilty. 23 33 4 7 She’s nearly 70 years old. 53 6 7 It costs £350 for 12 weeks. Activity 5 1 doing well
2 Duncan
c 4
d 1
3 accounting
4 work
Activity 4 1 would have done; had worked 2 didn’t exist; wouldn’t get 3 were / was; would do 4 ’s / is; don’t have 5 had listened; would have made 6 weren’t; would consider
5 should Activity 6 1 d 2 b
3 c
4 a
Activity 7 1 b 2 b
3 a
4 c
e 5
Activity 8 Suggested answer: If I could go back to college, I would like to study Chinese. It will be the language of the future and it will be important for us to speak it in the future. If I knew Chinese, it would help me to open doors in the business world, and it would also allow me to travel to China. I would be able to s peak to the local people and be able to learn about their culture and customs.
READING (page 10)
Activity 10 1 rather 2 very
Activity 2 2 Activity 3 1 7 In ten years at work, she’d never been promoted. 2 3 3 3 4 7 She got some money from the government, but she had to borrow the rest from the bank. 5 7 She says that she would make exactly the same decision if she had to make the choice again. 6 3 Activity 4 1 advice 2 higher education / tertiary education trainee 4 in-service training 5 career Activity 5 1 provides 2 for 3 get 6 get 7 attend 8 tuition fees
Activity 8 2 study for / get a degree 3 get a grant 4 get better qualifications 5 get a promotion 6 improve your career prospects 7 provide higher education 8 apply for a loan 9 pay tuition fees Activity 9 Student’s own answers.
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
158
3 student loans
Activity 5 Suggested answers: 1 … you have to get good results in your exams. 2 … a lot of people wouldn’t be able to learn new skills. 3 … I’d probably do an MBA. 4 … I’d have tried to find a private teacher. 5 … I’d try to set up my own business. 6 … you really lik e what you’re studying.
Activity 6 1, 2, 5, 8 Activity 7 a 3 b 2
2 careers advice 3 student loans 5 evening school 6 parents’ evening 8 tuition fees 9 staff room
3 graduate
4 improve 5 prospects 9 get 10 loan
3 almost
4 far
5 absolutely
6 a lot
Activity 11 Student’s own answers. Activity 12 1 Dear 2 I am writing to enquire about 3 I would be grateful if you could tell me 4 I would also appreciate it if you could tell me 5 I look forward to hearing from you. 6 Yours sincerely, Activity 13 Suggested answer: Dear Ms Trotter, I am writing to enquire about the wildlife photography course in the south of Spain. In particular, I would be grateful if you could tell me the dates of the course. I would also appreciate it
THAT’S ENGLISH!
if you could tell me the price. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Michael Blake
Activity 3 1 Excuse 2 can you 6 If you need
What course shall I do? (page 13)
Activity 4 2 Who are you thinking about? 3 Which room is the dancing class in? 4 Who is Danny talking to? 5 Which chapter will the exam be based on? 6 Which programme do you want to listen to?
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 a 2 b Activity 3 1 popular 2 entry 3 distance 6 hairdressing 7 motivation
4 language
5 programmer
Activity 4 1 Two of the following: Seve Ballesteros, Sergio Garcia, Rory McIlroy, Tiger Woods 2 patience 3 No, he thinks you are never too old to learn to play. 4 a hall of residence for postgraduate students 5 physics 6 Yes, there are. Activity 5 1 e 2 a
4 to know
5 tell me
Activity 5 2 Could you tell me where you are studying? 3 Could you tell me how often Diana goes to class? 4 Could you tell me what kind of courses they offered? 5 Could you tell me which course you are interested in? 6 Could you tell me what you did your project about? Activity 6 1 c 2 a
3 e
4 d
5 b
Activity 7 Student’s own answers.
CONSOLIDATION (pages 16-17) 3 d
4 b
Activity 1 2
5 c
Activity 6 Suggested answer: Spain has many historical universities and I have visited a few of them. Last summer I went on a trip to Salamanca and we spent hours walking around the university buildings. One of the buildings is famous because you can see a frog on one of the walls. The legend is that if you find the frog, you will pass your classes. Salamanca is the top-ranked university in Spain based on the number of students coming from other regions. It is also known for its Spanish courses for non-native speakers, which attract more than two thousand foreign students each year.
READING (page 14) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Janice goes there to ask for information about the courses they offer. 2 She decides to do a ballroom dancing course. Activity 3 1b 2 e
3 exactly
3 a
4 c
5 d
Activity 4 6, 8, 3, 7, 2, 1, 4, 5 Activity 5 1 enrol 2 vocational 5 prospectus 6 catered 10 encouragement
3 part-time 4 full-time 7 basics 8 foreign 9 skills
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 15) Activity 1 a negative
b / /
Activity 2 43 53
73
c can’t
THAT’S ENGLISH!
83
d are
Activity 2 1 d 2 e
3 h
Activity 3 1 c 2 b
3 c
4 c
5 g
6 b
7 a
8 f
Activity 4 4, 2, 3, 1, 5 Activity 5 1 7 He’s training to be a chef. 23 3 7 They usually only work with organisations. 43 5 7 He should apply for The Leonardo da Vinci Programme. Activity 6 1 d 2 c
3 b
4 a
Activity 7 Student’s own answers. Activity 8 Suggested answer: Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to enquire about your Rapid Reading Course because I'd like to improve my reading skills. I did a similar course before and I was not very satisfied with the results, so I have several questions for you. In particular, I would be grateful if you could tell me if this is a distance learning course. I would also appreciate it if you could give me an idea of how much faster I will be able to read at the end of the course. Further, I would like to know when the course starts, how long it lasts, how much it costs and where it takes place if it is not a distance learning course. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Andrés Burgos
159
Answer Key SELF TEST (page 18) Activity 1 1 had been / gone 2 would have been 3 have 4 get 5 had gone / been 6 would never have met 7 wouldn’t be 8 were 9 would understand 10 don’t get 11 won’t be Activity 2 1 a very 2 really
3 disciplined enough
4 extremely
5 a lot
Activity 3 1 What are you thinking about? 2 Who are they talking to? 3 Who have they been looking for? 4 Could you tell me where the library is? 5 Can you tell me who you are writing to? Activity 4 1 hand; exactly; help 3 Could; tell; would Activity 5 1 education Activity 6 1 for; degree 6 provide
2 advice
2 qualifications
4 in-service
3 attend
4 grant
5 distance
5 career
Activity 7 1 I am look forward to hearing from you. 2 I am writing for to enquire about your courses. 3 I would be grateful that if you could tell me if the course is free. 4 I would appreciate it if you could tell me when do the courses start. Activity 8 2 Activity 9 Carl can’t understand Fiona’s notes, so Fiona offers to help him. They’ve got a biology exam next week, but Carl didn’t know because he’s been ill. He isn’t happy with Fiona. In the end, Carl decides to copy in the exam. Carl can’t understand Fiona’s notes, and Fiona hasn’t got time to help him. They’ve got a biology exam tomorrow, but Carl didn’t know because he doesn’t attend the lectures very often. Carl isn’t happy with Fiona. In the end, Carl decides to start revising now. Activity 10 Suggested answers: 1 … I would be able to read more quickly. 2 … you’ll have a unique experience. 3 … I would want to work in Germany. 4 … students would be more interested in learning. 5 … you’ll never find out what it can offer.
UNIT 2. BANKS
Money problems (page 19) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Because he was overdrawn by £5 and they charged him £60.
160
Activity 3 1 statements 2 withdraw 5 thousand 6 account
3 eaten
4 cash-flow
Activity 4 1 He’ll close down the business. 2 Eddie’s account was overdrawn for two days. 3 She’s behind him. 4 He doesn’t get the loan because the overdraft wasn’t authorised. 5 She’s going to lend him ten thousand pounds (£10,000). 6 She’s going to charge 4.6%. Activity 5 1 b 2 a
2 Excuse; to know; If; detailed;
3 trainee
2 Eddie’s business made over three hundred thousand pounds (£300,000) profit last year.
3 d
4 e
5 c
Activity 6 Suggested answer: I’m quite happy with my bank. They only charge me once a year for managing the account and it’s a small amount. They gave me a loan a few months ago at a low interest rate. My bank manager is quite friendly and helpful. I’m not going to change banks!
READING (page 20) Activity 1 1 b 2 d
3 a
Activity 2 1 b 3 a
5 c
4 c
Activity 3 13 2 7 When SCutter used her credit card the bank charged her 22.3% interest. 3 7 GRipes thinks we should send emails to our bank to complain. 43 5 7 TRicky doesn’t like waiting to be served in a bank. 63 Activity 4 1 fee 2 withdraw cash 6 profit 7 direct debit
3 statement 4 loan 8 interest rate
5 instalments
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 21-22) Activity 1 1 have 2 Neither Activity 2 2 So am I. 6 So did I.
3 did
3 So do I.
4 So
5 can
4 Neither could I.
6 does
5 Neither do I.
Activity 3 1 That’s just what I was thinking. 2 I’m not so sure about that. 3 That’s a good point. 4 I’m afraid I don’t agree. Activity 4 Suggested answers: 1 That’s just what I was thinking. 2 That’s a good point. / Yes, but don’t you think you should make a business plan first? 3 Absolutely! / I’m afraid I don’t agree.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
4 I think so too. / I’m not so sure about that. Activity 5 1 into 2 out
3 for
4 off
5 back
Activity 3 1 charged
6 for
Activity 7 1, 3, 4, 6
3 e
4 c
Activity 9 Student’s own answers. Activity 10 Student’s own answers.
Can we live without banks? (page 23) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 Student’s own answers. Activity 3 2 It makes the town more independent from the banking system. 4 You can buy beer with the Lewes pound. 6 There are other towns with their own currency.
Activity 6 1 haven’t been paid 5 will be given
3 a
4 d
4 electronics
Activity 1 1 b
5 b
6 e
4 was lent
Robert Taylor
Anne Winter
owner of a bakery
housewife
Robert Taylor
Anne Winter
Problem
low sales; has to repay bank loan
can’t make the mortgage payments
can’t pay back an overdraft
Needs
£5,000 to cover repayments
work
a contract to guarantee production
5 c
4 d
3 was sold
Frank Granger director of a furniture factory
Activity 8
READING (page 24)
3 h
2 am given
5 Opera
Activity 6 Suggested answers: In my country many people still like to go to their local bank, especially older people. At the same time, younger people do more online banking. They feel it is safe and saves them a lot of time. There are no queues and most of the time the banks don’t charge a commission.
Activity 3 1 f 2 c
5 overdraft
Activity 7
Job
Activity 5 1 e 2 b
4 owe
Activity 5 2 I haven’t been sent a statement. / A statement hasn’t been sent to me. 3 He was promised a good interest rate. / A good interest rate was promised to him. 4 I should be paid the money soon. / The money should be paid to me soon. 5 The public is being sold bonds. / Bonds are being sold to the public. 6 John was given a 30-year mortgage. / A 30-year mortgage was given to John. 7 He wasn’t given a loan. / A loan wasn’t given to him.
5 b
Activity 4 1 finance 2 financial 3 industrial 6 modernist 7 theatre
3 mortgage
Activity 4 2 seventeen billion dollars 3 thirty-seven per cent 4 twenty-two point three per cent 5 three euros forty 6 a / one hundred and fifty thousand 7 two hundred and fifty thousand, four hundred and ninety dollars
Activity 6 Student’s own answers.
Activity 8 1 d 2 a
2 withdrew
7 a
Frank Granger
Activity 9 Suggested answer: I was charged £10 because I used a cashpoint in a different bank. I only withdrew £50! It seems to me that we should be informed better by our banks before they take our money. For example, a service charge warning should appear on the screen. But I really think customers should not be charged for these kinds of services anymore.
8 g
CONSOLIDATION (pages 26-27) Activity 4 1 transactions 5 withdrawals Activity 5 1 broke 2 owe
2 bonds 3 crashed 6 broke 7 owed 8 tax haven
3 withdrawals
4 funds
4 funds
5 tax havens
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 25) Activity 2 1 doubt 5 foreign
2 scissors 6 technical
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 1 Suggested answer: new ideas planning finance staff training location
3 Wednesday 4 campaign 7 business 8 descend
161
Answer Key Activity 2 1 Women in rural Africa 2 Farming / agriculture Activity 3 1 c 2 a
3 c
5 profit
Activity 2 1 debit 2 loan
4 b
Activity 4 1 7 She’s not the only woman to have worked incredibly hard and done incredibly well in the project. 23 3 7 She could feed her family and also sell goat’s milk. 43 5 7 She can afford to pay for her children’s education. Activity 5 1 loans 2 goats 3 butcher 6 invested 7 developed 8 village
4 training 9 earned
Activity 8 1 K. Robinson is giving his opinion about low interest loans given to women. 2 He disagrees because he thinks that it is unfair discrimination against men. 3 Men should be offered this help as well because they have families to support and could benefit from this help. Activity 9 Suggested answer: Dear Sirs, I am writing in reply to the letter written by K. Robinson. As far as I’m concerned, women should be given preference in these kinds of project. It’s quite obvious that in developing countries, women are the ones who run the house and take care of children. It seems to me that with microcredits, women are empowered within the community and they are more likely than men to take responsibility for repaying the loans given to them. Yours sincerely,
SELF TEST (page 28)
162
3 interest rate
3 statements
4 cash
5 a fee
6 withdraw
Activity 3 1 John will be asked a lot of questions (by the bank manager). 2The women have been given a loan (by the bank). 3 I was sold this car (by a friend). 4 She should be sent the new credit card soon (by the bank). 5They were given a new tractor (by a charity). Activity 4 1 was taken 2 was met 3 do you need / will you need 4 looked 5 agreed 6 will I be charged / do you charge 7 will be charged 8 were signed 9 was paid Activity 5 1 b 2 d
Activity 7 Suggested answers: 1 A: Absolutely! It seems to me that lots of people are trying to set up a small business so it can’t be very difficult. B: I’m not so sure about that. I’d like to point out that I have many friends who have tried to set up their own business and they’ve had terrible problems. 2 A: I think so too. People with good language skills are very important to companies nowadays. B: I’m sorry to disagree but it’s quite obvious that unemployment is so high nowadays that even if you speak several languages, you still can’t find a job in Spain. 3 A: That’s just what I was thinking. It’s quite obvious that they’re just out to make money. B: Yes, but don’t you think that they have to charge for certain services? I’m quite sure that it’s the only way they can make a profit. 4 A: I think so too. I’m quite sure that it’s not a good idea to put it in a bank! B: I’m not quite sure about that. As far as I’m concerned, it’s the safest place to put your money.
2 instalments
7 owe
5 profits
Activity 6 1 give 2 so would I 3 apply for 4 financial institutions 5 businesses 6 so do I 7 repaid 8 benefit 9 Neither am I
Activity 1 1 mortgage
6 charge
4 investment
3 e
Activity 6 1 So 2 what
4 c
5 a
3 either
4 Neither
Activity 7 Student’s own answers. Activity 8 Suggested answer: As far as I’m concerned, this is true. Families have less money to spend on extras, such as expensive holidays or monthly gym subscriptions. It seems to me that people everywhere are cutting back on spending because they have sometimes serious financial problems.
UNIT 3. GREEN ISSUES
Save our trees (page 29) Activity 1 Students’ own answers. Activity 2 1 She wants to go to Greece because she’s never been there. 2The consequences are the greenhouse effect and acid rain. Activity 3 1 a 2 b
3 c
4 b
5 b
6 c
Activity 4 1 Because it’s getting harder to find a job. 2 Because he’s always protesting about environmental issues. 3 She should tell Jake she’s selling the car. 4 He is worried about the traffic. 5 He has a job interview. 6 Petrol is expensive and cars cause pollution. Activity 5 1 residential 5 recycling
2 environment
3 children
4 shops
Activity 6 Suggested answer: My local council is planning to build a new car park near my house. I don’t agree with this plan because we need to protect our green spaces. We are organising a demonstration for next
THAT’S ENGLISH!
month. I hope there will be a lot of people who come to the demonstration in order to show our local council that most people in the area are against the plan for a new car park. If we get enough support, the town council will have to change their plan and leave our green spaces.
READING (page 30) Activity 1 Suggested answer: Cartons, cans, paper and glass are recycled in most towns and cities. Then other things like batteries, textiles and rubble can be taken to special places to be recycled. Activity 2 1 Activity 3 1 7 Mr and Mrs Jones have to pay because they put out the wrong rubbish. 2 7 In the area where Mr and Mrs Jones live, the residents have to put out kitchen waste on Mondays and Wednesdays. 33 43 5 7 The residents have to put glass in the containers at the end of the road. 63 Activity 4 1 warning, fine 2 cleaned up, waste 3 collection, pick up 4 refuse collectors, put out 5 dispose of, dump
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 31-32) Activity 3 1 recycle 6 wasting
2 reduce 3 saving 7 clean 8 pick
Activity 4 1 fossil fuels 2 pollution resources 5 Solar energy
4 generated
3 running out 6 turbines
5 protect
4 renewable
Activity 5 2 We shouldn’t have put the used cooking oil down the kitchen sink. 3 The council should have repaired the street lights. 4 I should have left the rubbish out on the right day. 5 The company shouldn’t have dumped their chemical waste into the river. 6 I should have put low-consumption bulbs in my lights. 7 The paper company shouldn’t have cut down all the trees. Activity 6 2 They could / may / might have started recycling. 3 The farmer might / may / could have used polluted water. 4 You might / may / could have run out of petrol. 5 You might / may / could have left your rubbish out on the wrong day. 6 They might / may / could have dumped it in another place. Activity 7 1 should 2 may
3 might
4 may
5 could
6 might
Activity 8 1 The problem is that Sue and Tom have too much rubbish. 2 She suggests recycling more. 3 Tom thinks recycling is complicated.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 9 1 S 2 S
3T
4T
5 S
Activity 10 Student’s own answers.
Protect our planet
(page 33)
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 Student’s own answers. Activity 3 13 2 7 It aims to bring wildlife back to the countryside. 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 7 People read the information boards and this helps the public to understand the scheme. 7 7 70% of the farmland in England is under an environmental scheme. Activity 4 1 b 2 d
3 e
4 c
5 f
6 a
Activity 5 1 d 2 f 3 e
4 a
5 b
6 c
Activity 6 Suggested answer: In Madrid there are many green areas. The Casa de Campo is a protected area where there is lots of wildlife. You can cycle, go jogging, go rowing on the lak e or just have a cup of coffee in one of the lakeside cafés.
READING (page 34) Activity 1 1 b 2 a 3 f 4 e 5 d 6 c e and f are caused by humans Activity 2 Paragraph
1
2
3
4
newspaper report:
d
a
g
h
eyewitness account:
f
b
e
c
Activity 3 From the eye witness account: 1 The flood reached the house at around 2 a.m. 2 The family waited on the top floor of the house. 3 They were rescued by helicopter. 4 They were found unconscious. From the newspaper report: 1 Rivers overflowed because of the heavy rain. 2 11,700 people have nowhere to live. 3 No, the amount of precipitation was greater than any time in recorded history. 4 Experts suggest that climate change / unusual weather patterns caused the heavy rain. Activity 4 1 cut off 2 airstreams 3 mud 4 weather patterns 5 debris 6 washed away 7 damage 8 thunder 9 overflow
163
Answer Key LANGUAGE STUDY (page 35) Activity 1 1 e 2 c
3 a
4 b
5 f
6 d
Activity 3 1 forest fire 2 climate change 3 air quality
4 earthquake 5 weather conditions 6 rescue workers
Activity 4 1 global warming / ozone layer 2 exhaust fumes / air quality 3 Acid rain / oil spills
Activity 4 Speaker 1: 2 and 3 Speaker 2: 1 and 4
Activity 5 1 bigger and bigger 2 greener and greener 3 better and better 4 louder and louder 5 higher and higher Activity 6 2 because it uses linkers
Activity 5 1 ships / coal and minerals 4 ports
2 marine life
3 Japan / dog food
Activity 6
Activity 7 contrast
Although, However, but
reason
because, so, due to
addition
as well, in addition
time
Finally, then, next
renewable energy source
solar, wind, hydroelectric
non-renewable energy source
nuclear, coal, oil, gas
Activity 7 Student’s own answers.
Activity 8 Suggested answer: Due to the rain in Colorado, the rivers rose and the flooding affected many people. In addition, many homes were destroyed. The town centre was filled with mud and debris as well. Roads to the mountain areas were washed away. Thousands of people have lost their homes. Although global warming may have produced the increase in rain, this hasn’t been proven.
CONSOLIDATION (pages 36 - 37) Activity 1 Suggested answer: I use my car a lot and I travel a lot by plane, which I know leaves a carbon footprint. Activity 2 We should
We shouldn’t
in the home
1 use solar panels 2 use lowconsumption bulbs 3 turn off lights
1 leave the fridge door open 2 leave TVs on 3 use electrical appliances too much
travelling
1 use bikes 2 use public transport 3 use videoconferencing
1 use cars 2 use aeroplanes
eating and shopping
1 use eco-friendly products 2 buy locally produced food 3 use reusable shopping bags
1 buy products with packaging 2 use plastic bags
164
Activity 3 1 They can be expensive. 2 I think it uses more electricity. 3 The services will improve. 4 We should use videoconferencing instead of flying to business meetings. 5 You can buy eco-friendly products in supermarkets and online. 6 Supermarkets help people to save on plastic bags by using reusable bags.
Activity 8 Suggested answer: I am writing to give my opinion about the new green zone in the city. My concern is that there are few places where families can spend time together. Therefore, a park for children would be a good idea. In addition, an area for cafés and restaurants would be an excellent way of generating business and attracting people to the area. Also, young people in the city complain that although the city is quite big, there is nowhere for them to go. I would propose that a sk ateboard area is built near the port to encourage people to take more exercise. Perhaps the council could build a cycle path around the area. Finally, some public gardens would also be an excellent addition to the area, too.
SELF TEST (page 38) Activity 1 1 protecting 2 waste 3 magazines 6 fine 7 overflowed 8 debris
4 disposes of
5 run
Activity 2 1 I should have bought some low-consumption bulbs. 2 I shouldn’t have left the TV on all day. 3 I s hould have closed the fridge door. 4 I should have turned off the lights at night. 5 I s houldn’t have installed an electric water heater. Activity 3 1 Someone could / may / might have dropped a cigarette. 2 Someone could / may / might have started it deliberately. 3 Someone could / may / might have had a barbecue and didn’t put out the fire properly. 4 He could / may / might have woken up late. 5 He could / may / might have missed the bus. 6 His car could / may / might have broken down. Activity 4 2 Summers are getting hotter and hotter. 3 Winters are getting colder and colder these days.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
4 Tornados are more and more frequent. 5 Pollution is making our lives worse and worse. 6 Hurricanes are stronger and stronger.
READING (page 40)
Activity 5 1 She’s planning to go to Tenerife, the Canary Islands. 2 She is going to work on two projects: looking after animals and preventing forest fires. 3 She’s impressed.
Activity 2 1 Reg 2 Sarah
Activity 6 1 university 2 volunteer wildlife 5 (forest) fires Activity 7 1 so 2 Although
3 (summer) holidays
3 Firstly
4 Then
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
4 sea birds /
5 In addition
6 but
Activity 8 Suggested answer: Joe is interested in protecting nature in the area where he lives so he’s working with other people on a project to clean up the area, inform tourists and promote recycling. Due to tourism, the beaches get very dirty so it’s important to inform visitors about keeping the beaches clean.
UNIT 4. SHOPPING
What a bargain! (page 39) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 It was £6 from a charity shop. 2 She only wore the red shoes once and then she couldn‘t walk for three days. Activity 3 13 2 7 She’s wearing a top made of silk. 33 43 5 7 She bought it in a charity shop. 6 7 They’ve been to at least ten shoe shops. 73 8 7 She didn’t try them on. Activity 4 1 a 2 b
3 b
4 a
5 b
Activity 5 Speaker 1: c Speaker 2: d Speaker 3: b Speaker 4: a Speaker 5: e Activity 6 Suggested answer: I’m not really a shopping person. I only go shopping when I really need to buy something. The last thing I bought was a pair of trousers and a shirt. I go shopping about twice a year because I don’t like the crowded shopping centres and long queues.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
3 Reg
4 Sarah
Activity 3 1 7 Reg is not a vegetarian because he buys meat and fish. 2 3 3 7 Reg prefers the local shops because they’re more convenient and he can talk to people there. 4 3 5 7 They get everything delivered. 6 3 7 7 Sarah thinks her mother can’t have enjoyed shopping at the local shops. (She had to go to many different shops because there wasn’t any other alternative). Activity 4 1 greengrocer’s, butcher’s, fishmonger’s 2 corner shop, supermarket, hypermarket, department store 3 shopping centre, mall Activity 5 1 shopping 2 pop out 3 queueing up 5 good-quality stuff 6 good value for money
4 delivered
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 41-42) Activity 1 2 They must have sold all the Christmas Turkeys by now. 3 We may / might / could have paid too much. 4 You must have been very happy when you found your keys. 5 The butcher’s can’t / couldn't have closed yet. 6 Jack may / might / could have already done the shopping. 7 Maria must have been surprised when she saw the price. Activity 2 1 stressed 2 unstressed and weaker. 5 No.
3 No, it is / /.
4 No, it is shorter
Activity 3 1 1 (may go out) 2 2 (can’t have got) 3 2 (must have been) 4 1 (must be) 5 1 (could have) 6 2 (could have been) 7 1 (might not have) 8 2 (might not have been) Activity 4 1 must have been 2 may / might / could have done; may not / might not have done 3 can’t / couldn't have been 4 can’t / couldn't have opened 5 may / might / could have been; may / might / could have been 6 must have been Activity 5 shop ... assistant manager window
... bag paper shopping
window ... cleaner shopping
... card debit discount credit
Activity 6 1 shop assistant; shop manager 2 corner shop
165
Answer Key 3 discount card 4 paper bags 5 window shopping 6 window cleaner; shop window Activity 7 1 i 2 j 3 d
4 b
5 h
You can walk around this historical town and imagine that you have been transported back to the medieval times. The narrow streets and old buildings are beautiful. There are many beautiful sights to see such as the Alcázar, the Jewish quarter, and the Gothic cathedral. Toledo is also famous for its great souvenirs such as steel swords and Damascene steel.
6 a
7 f
8 c
9 g
10 e
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 9 a modern shopper Activity 10 1 7 The shopper buys most stuff online. 23 3 7 The shopper thinks that most people will shop online in 20 to 30 years’ time. 43 5 7 Often it’s cheaper because you get lots of offers. 6 7 She’s not going to stop shopping online because of that. Activity 11 1 you see; I mean; after all 2 what’s more 4 I would say that, in my view 5 for instance
Activity 13 Suggested answer: Personally, I would say that I am a modern shopper as I Iike to do a lot of my shopping online. For example, last week I bought most of our food at an online store. You see, it’s much more convenient because you don’t have to queue up for a long time! I mean, who wants to do that? After all, no one has much free time these days, and I’d rather not spend mine in a shop! What’s more, in my experience it’s cheaper to buy online and the quality of the goods is fine. In my opinion, physical supermarkets and hypermarkets belong to the past. I prefer the virtual ones!
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
3 c
4 a
5 b
Activity 4 1 labelling 2 fake / counterfeit 3 bargain brand names 5 packaging 6 goods
4 fake / counterfeit;
Activity 1 1 I’m sorry to hear that. 2 You must be very upset about that. 3 What bad luck! 4 How dreadful! 5 That must have been awful! 6 I’m terribly sorry! Activity 2 13 23
3 7
43
53
6 7
Activity 4 Suggested answers: 1 You must be very upset about that. 2 How awful! / How rotten! 3 How upsetting!
Activity 6 1 a plastic bag 2 made of beautiful glass 3 fantastic new leather shoes 4 in the metal box 5 cotton shirt
Activity 2 Student’s own answers.
4 a, c
5 b, c
6 a, b
Activity 4 1 The building was used for business, entertaining, as a hospital and chapel. 2 Merchants bought and sold spices, wine, iron and lead. 3 The Shambles is an interesting place to shop because it is very different from your normal shopping street. 4 Children, teenagers, parents and older people go to John’s sweet shop. 5 York Minster is a magnificent cathedral. 6 It took more than 420 years to build. Activity 5 b, e, h Activity 6 Suggested answer: One of the most beautiful cities I have visited is Toledo.
166
Activity 3 1 c 2 a
Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
What shall I buy? (page 43)
3 a, b
Activity 2 1, 3, 5
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 45) 3 as, because
Activity 12 1 I mean / After all / You see 2 What’s more 3 I would say that / In my view 4 as / because 5 For instance
Activity 3 1 b, c 2 a, c
READING (page 44)
Activity 7 1 a big new red car 2 five expensive silk shirts 3 a typical small modern brick house 4 four large square cardboard boxes 5 a nice new round yellow leather ball 6 six lovely small old brown wooden toys Activity 8 Student’s own answers. Activity 9 Student’s own answers.
CONSOLIDATION (pages 46-47) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 c 2 a
3 b
4 d
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 3 1 They make a mistake because they think that food is in bad condition because of the date on the packaging. However, in reality they could often eat it. 2 When they are close to their ‘sell by’ or ‘display until’ date. 3 You can eat a product for a couple of days after its ‘sell by’ date if you keep it in the fridge. 4 The ‘use by’ date is more important than the ‘best before’ date because you must never eat anything after its ‘use by’ date. This is not the case with the ‘best before’ date. 5 Governments must make new laws about how to describe dates on food. Activity 4 1 a 2 c
3 b
Activity 5 A: Do you read food labels? B: Always! We have two children with allergies. A: What do you look for? B: My daughter is allergic to dairy products so I look for words like ‘milk’ or ‘casein’. Activity 6 1 d 2 b
3 a
4 c
Activity 4 1 queue up 2 locally 3 good value for money 5 popping out 6 groceries
4 stuff
Activity 5 Suggested answer: 1 discount, credit 2 paper, shopping 3 window, assistant, manager 4 shopping, cleaner Activity 6 1 paper plane wall
2 made of glass
3 plastic spoons
4 brick
Activity 7 1 a large black cat 2 five round metal rings 3 a nice old German car 4 some delicious big round cream cakes 5 a fantastic huge new Chinese shopping centre Activity 8 1 view 2 designer 3 counterfeit / fake 4 bargain 5 counterfeit / fake 6 merchandise 7 all 8 for instance 9 can’t be Activity 9 b, c, e
Activity 7 13 2 7 Diane’s favourite foods don’t have labels on them. 3 7 She doesn’t recommend buying food which is processed. 43 53 6 7 You certainly don’t want to see chemicals with long names that you don’t understand. 73
Activity 10 1 bought food on the Internet 4 a decent lunch
2 doesn’t usually do
3 late
UNIT 5. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY
Rock on! (page 49) Activity 8 Student’s own answers. Activity 9 1 I would say 5 fishmonger’s 10 After
2 instance 6 mean
Activity 1 1 drums guitar 3 greengrocer’s 4 butcher’s 7 stuff 8 see 9 In my view
Activity 10 Suggested answer: I would say that I don’t shop very healthily. For example, I often buy processed food. You see, I work very hard and I haven’t got time to cook every night. However, I do usually buy organic fruit. After all, you don’t have to cook it and it’s healthier, so why not? What’s more, I always buy food from Spain because it’s probably fresher. In my opinion, I could shop more healthily but I don’t think I’m doing too badly!
SELF TEST (page 48) Activity 1 1 could / may / might have bought 2 must have paid 3 can’t / couldn't have read 4 must have done 5 could / may / might have closed Activity 2 1 greengrocer’s 2 fishmonger’s 4 shopkeeper 5 shopping centre / mall Activity 3 1 d 2 f 3 a
4 e
THAT’S ENGLISH!
5 c
6 b
3 hypermarket 6 checkout
2 clarinet
3 saxophone
4 keyboards
5 bass
Activity 2 1 She plays classical music, jazz and blues. 2 She called a few friends to invite them to the gig. Activity 3 1 Ben 2 Ben
3 Bill
4 Bill
5 Tom
6 Silvia
7 Silvia
Activity 4 reggae Activity 5 1 lyrics 2 chorus 6 video Activity 6 Speaker 1: CH Speaker 4: NC
3 saxophone
Speaker 2: NC Speaker 5: NC
4 audiences
5 entertain
Speaker 3: CH
Activity 7 Suggested answer: I had piano lessons when I was younger, but I never learnt to play very well. I stopped going to classes when I was about 12. If I could choose another instrument, I would like to learn how to play the guitar. I love listening to classical S panish guitar music. It is an instrument that you can take with you to a park and spend hours playing music and singing songs with your friends.
167
Answer Key 7 How many people went to the gig?
READING (page 50) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 b 2 c
3 a
4 d
Activity 3 1 He thinks downloading music is threatening the music industry. 2 Because he can’t afford to buy albums at the ridiculous prices they charge. 3 They have a wider variety of music and the cost is reasonable. 4 Musicians can make money by combining record sales, streaming, merchandising, and concert tickets. 5 Yes, they are similar in financial terms. Activity 4 1 track 2 album 6 music streaming
3 vinyl records 4 live 5 downloading 7 fans 8 intellectual property
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 51-52) Activity 2 2 Adele is the famous British singer whose songs are heard all over the world. 3 The shop that sells headphones opened last week. 4 I downloaded the song (that / which) we heard on the radio yesterday. 5 The iPod (that / which) I bought online doesn’t work. 6 They play jazz music in the club where we went last night. 7 The year (when) I lived in Germany was a great experience. Activity 3 1 which 2 who
3 which
4 when
5 who
6 where
Activity 4 2 SUN record company, where I worked for 10 years, has closed. 3 Bruce Springsteen, whose new album has just been released, is on tour. 4 I bought an album from a street singer, who gave me a t-shirt as well. 5 Sales of vinyl records, which had decreased last year, are now increasing. 6 He wrote that opera in 1754, when he was living in Vienna.
devices for playing where / when music music is played gig music video soundtrack tour
Activity 6 1 soundtrack 2 lyrics, tune 3 iPod 6 headphones 7 rhythm, beat
elements of music
Making music (page 53) Activity 1 1 b 2 d
3 e
4 a
5 c
Activity 2 Student’s own answers. Activity 3 1 in a shop 2 70% 3 more 6 buying her album 7 Charlotte
4 advantages
5 uses
Activity 4 1 7 It’s made of steel. 23 3 7 It varies a lot. 43 53 6 7 They play folk music. Activity 5 1 the bagpipes 2 Chuck Berry 4 aboriginal 5 Celtic 6 Bob Marley
3 Crowded House
Activity 6 Suggested answer: When people think of Spain they think of flamenco music. However, there are other types of music which are very popular. For example, in Galicia people like Celtic music because of the Celtic tradition in this region. Among the younger people pop music, rap and techno are very popular, whereas the older generation still likes folk songs.
READING (page 54)
Activity 2 1 d 2 a, c and d
3 b
rythm
beat lyrics tune
4 tour, gig
5 stereo
Activity 7 2 How many records did the band sell? 3 Which album has he bought? 4 Who writes the best tracks? 5 Which band do you prefer, U2 or the Rolling Stones? 6 What was the most-watched music video?
168
Activity 9 Student’s own answers.
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 5
CD player headphones speakers MP3 player iPod stereo
Activity 8 1 Eminem has just released an album. 2 No, you have to pay. 3 People can share music they lik e by using social networks. 4 He likes rap. 5 There is too much music.
Activity 3 1 7 Elvis Costello has produced his first hip hop album. 23 33 4 7 Bernie Taupin writes the lyrics but not the tunes for Elton John’s songs. 5 7 This is the first CD to be produced by the new Academy of Ancient Music record label. 6 7 The reviewer’s favourite track was composed by Haydn. Activity 4 1 newcomer 2 mainstream 5 multimillionaire
3 superstar
4 cross-genre
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 5 1 multimillionaire 2 superstar genre 5 newcomer
3 mainstream
4 cross-
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 55) Activity 2 1 multimillionaire 2 megastar 5 interaction 6 misconduct Activity 3 1 c 2 h 3 b
4 a
5 g
6 e
Activities 5 and 6 1 b 2 c 3 a
3 postgraduate 4 discontent Activity 7 1 commercial establishments and restaurants known, lively music 7 f
Activity 8 Student’s own answers. Activity 9 Student’s own answers.
Activity 5
blues hip hop punk reggae soul symphony heavy metal
2 wine 3 well-
8 d
Activity 4 1 ex-president / autobiography 2 co-owner / subdivision 3 post-production / misfortune 4 telemarketing
music styles
4 He could sing in tune and play musical instruments. 5 Drumming helped Bobby. 6 She remembers songs from her youth.
musicians backing vocalist bassist composer conductor drummer guitarist orchestra
instruments cello tambourine keyboard trombone slide guitar violin
Activity 6 2 What do you use an iPod for? 3 What are the lyrics about? 4 Who was the song written for? 5 What type of music are you interested in? Activity 7 Student’s own answers. Activity 8 Suggested answers: Why did you decide to become musicians? What are some of your influences? What music do you like listening to? Where would you most like to go on tour? Do you like playing in Spain? Why? Is it difficult for you to write new songs? What advice would you give to young musicians who are starting in the business? What do you think of people who download your music from pirate sites?
CONSOLIDATION (pages 56-57) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 Student’s own answers.
Activity 10 1 huge, enormous, giant 3 audience, crowd
2 incredible, amazing, special
Activity 11 Suggested answer: I will never forget the way I felt when I first saw my favourite rock band playing live at the Vicente Calderon stadium. It was about five years ago. I was a really big fan of U2 and they came to Madrid on tour.The stage was amazing. I remember there was a huge lemon on the stage.The music was fabulous but one moment stood out above all the fantastic moments that night. They played the song One and everyone sang along. It was amazing to hear 50,000 people singing with Bono and it was really moving for me because I’ve been a fan of U2 since they started in Dublin all those years ago.
SELF TEST (page 58) Activity 1 1 headphones Activity 2 1 a 2 b
3 a
2 sings
4 a
Activity 3 1 which 2 where Activity 4 1 b 2 a
3 b
4 c
3 conductor
4 soundtrack
5 play
5 b
3 -
4 who
5 who
6 which
7 when
5 b
Activity 5 1 Who is the queen of pop? 2 How much money did the band earn last year? 3 How many people attended the concert? 4 Which song did John write? 5 Who sings like an opera star? 6 How long / How many hours did Bruce Springsteen sing for? 7 Who has written all the songs on the new album? Activity 6 1 co- 2 dis
3 mis
4 post-
5 mini
Activity 7 Activity 3 Music therapy helps people with psychological problems. Activity 4 1 We use it for celebrations, to relax, or to cheer us up. 2 Music therapists help people with music. 3 Jonas was born blind and was diagnosed with autism.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
a b
style of music they like
when they listen to it
format they prefer
reggae
all the time
MP3
classical
weekends, sometimes during the week
concert
169
Answer Key c
d
music from the 60s, especially folk
evenings, after work
LPs
techno
weekends, clubs / DJs sometimes all night
UNIT 6. AT WORK
My perfect job
(page 59)
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 They can’t meet the delivery dates because there are two of them doing the job of four people. 2 Julia offers Amy a better working environment. She can lead a team and she’ll get a salary increase. Activity 3 1 Julia thinks Amy’s manager is going to give her a huge pay rise. 2 Amy’s manager thinks it is her fault that sales are down by 15%. 3 She’ll lose her job / be sacked. 4 Dispatch takes too long to send the products to the customers. 5 Phil and Bob are working overtime / extra hours. 6 Phil thinks Mr Bra dley couldn’t manage a kids’ football team. 7 They were sacked. 8 Phil thinks he might resign / leave the company.
Activity 5 1 7 He thinks the real problem is Amy. 23 3 7 She doesn’t think Mr Bradley will give her a good reference. 43 53 Activity 6 1 possibilities for promotion 8 opportunities to travel Activity 7 Suggested answer: I think a good salary is the most important thing to have in a job. As well as a good salary, I also think working conditions are important, such as a positive atmosphere, a decent workstation, fair hours and holidays. Nowadays many companies require employees to work very long hours for no extra pay plus the time it takes to commute to work. I would love to live close to my place of work, but that isn’t often possible. Right now I drive three hours a day to and from work.
READING (page 60) Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
170
Activity 4 1 skilled workforce, wages 2 perks, flexitime, health insurance 3 job market, staff, pay rise 4 applying for, been made redundant Activity 5 1 off, offshore 2 recruitment 4 overtime 5 hours 6 trade
3 living, outsourced
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 61-62) Activity 2 1 / tu: / 2 / tu: /
3 / t /
Activity 3 1 like / liked 2 would heard 6 have Activity 4 1 had been having being interviewed
4 / t /
5 / tu: /
3 might see
6 / t /
4 was going
5 hadn’t
2 would look at 3 had to / must make 4 was 5 had lost 6 could / was able to read, was
Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
Activity 4 All except 3
Activity 2 1b 2d
Activity 3 13 2 7 Robert Shaw wasn’t confident about his future. He wasn’t sure how he would earn a living in the future. 33 43 5 7 Jobs such as decorator or electrician are good options in the 21st century because they cannot be done from a distance or by a robot. 6 7 It is not enough to remain optimistic. You mustn’t just shut your eyes and hope that everything will be fine.
3a
4c
Activity 6 Student’s own answers. Activity 7 c, d, a, b Activity 8 1 surprised 2 Mike 3 foreign languages 4 friendly 5 at different times, depending on when she starts 6 wants to change jobs Activity 9 1 Rachel said that she couldn’t begin her new job until the following Wednesday. 2 Miles’ boss told him that he/she would read those emails later that day. 3 Cathy told Ian that they might not get a pay rise that year. 4 Gerry told Josephine that she shouldn’t stay there much longer if she wanted to progress professionally. 5 Janet said that her boss was going to invite them/us to his house the following Saturday. Activity 10 The Minister for Finance said: ‘(1) The job market is getting better and (2) I hope to announce better employment figures for this month than for last month. (3) The key to Britain’s economic success in the next ten years will be to have a skilled workforce. (4) Pay rises have been lower than last year. (5) This has helped to make the country more competitive. (6) The government will reduce politicians’ salaries next year.’
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 11 Student’s own answers.
4 employees 5 delegate, work under pressure
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 65)
Activity 12 Student’s own answers.
Activity 2 › 1 2
Activity 13 1 Tom has been without a job for about three months. 2 Tom lost his job because it was outsourced. 3 There were five people in Tom’s team. 4 It took him more than an hour to get to work. 5 He sometimes worked in the mornings and sometimes in the afternoons. 6 Tom is happy because he has an opportunity to get a job. Activity 14 1 out of 2 at
3 as
4 in
5 of
6 get
7 day
8 shifts
Homeworking (page 63) Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 5
Activity 3 1 c 2 a
3 c
Activity 4 1 4% 2 10,600 Activity 5 1 e 2 f 3 d
4 b
5 c
3 47
4 e
6 b
7 a
4 50 to 60
5 a
6 c
7 e
5 10
6 18
8 b
Activity 6 Suggested answer: I would love to work in an office, but I’d like my desk to be near a big window with a lovely view. I’d also like a computer with a large screen, preferably a mac, a telephone with a personal line and a top-of-the-line chair to avoid back problems. I don’t mind if I have my own office or a shared work area.
READING (page 64) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 the boss who rules by fear the boss who works like a slave the great boss Activity 3 1 You can choose your friends but you can’t choose your boss. 2 First of all, everyone stops talking when they appear. Secondly, they frequently fire employees. 3 To accept orders without asking any questions. 4 Because they work very long hours are always thinking about work. 5 Because he/she expects everyone to show the same commitment as him/her. 6 They worked very hard and were motivated. Activity 4 1 fire, sack 2 work-life balance, commitment, recognition 3 workaholic
THAT’S ENGLISH!
3
›
4
›
Activity 3 2 I asked my older sister if she would help me to prepare for the interview. 3 I asked David what his boss was like. 4 Ruby asked me how many people had been fired at my company. 5 Richard’s boss asked him if his old company had decided to outsource many jobs. 6 I asked my manager where we were moving to. Activity 4 1 d 2 b
Activity 2 grapes
›
3 e
4 a
5 c
Introducing points
I am writing to express my interest in the position of … As you can see from my attached CV …
Describing experience
I have four years’ experience as … I have worked at …
Expressing ability I have a valid drivers license … I am very good at … I am able to … Expressing interest
I am very interested in working for your company because …
Asking for a reply Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you would like to discuss my application further . I look forward to hearing from you . Activity 6 Suggested answer: Dear Mr. Robinson, I am writing to express my interest in the position of hotel receptionist as advertised on the Jobworld website. As you can see from my attached CV, I have two years’ experience as a receptionist in Spain. Furthermore, I studied to work in the hotel and catering industry at secondary school. I am very good at working with people and I am able to deal effectively with customer complaints. In addition, I have sufficient commitment to work overtime and unsocial hours if this should be necessary. I am very interested in working for your hotel because it will give me the chance to use my language and hotel skills in an English work environment. Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you would like to discuss my application further. Yours sincerely, Jorge Saavedra
CONSOLIDATION (pages 66-67) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 c 2 d
3 b
4 a
171
Answer Key Activity 3 1 c 2 b
3 b
4 a
5 b
us some examples of your photography?’ She replied: (4) ‘I haven’t brought any but I’ll email some photos to you as soon as I get home.’
6 a
Activity 4 Student’s own answers.
Activity 4 1 redundant 2 living, wages 4 apply, retire 5 staff, skilled
Activity 5 Student’s own answers. Activity 6 1 b 2 a
Activity 5 1 manager 5 workaholic
3 c
Activity 7 1 7 It isn’t a relaxing job because you work under a lot of pressure. 23 33 4 7 His mother asked him if he knew what he was doing. 5 7 He works on Sundays. 63 Activity 8 It’s a good job because you work (1) in an office. Your boss (2) is watching everything you do! His dad said that it was possible to earn a living in the job if you took care (3) of the customers. Although there is a lot of job security, (4) he’s afraid his job will be outsourced. The part he doesn’t like is when the weather’s very cold and he gets cold (5) feet. It’s a good job because you work outside. You don’t have a boss telling you what to do. His dad said that it was possible to earn a living in the job if you were careful with the money. You probably won’t be laid off and your job can’t be outsourced to another country. The part he doesn’t like is when the weather’s very cold and he gets cold hands. Activity 9 1 Luis Santiago 2 four years’ experience as a coach in a third division team in Spain 3 He played football for Ohio State University when studying in the United States. 4 very good at motivating others and able to get good results 5The school has an excellent reputation; he can make a major contribution to its footballing success.
2 recognition 6 balance
3 perks, insurance, company 6 at, shifts
3 commitment
4 pressure
Activity 6 1 I am very good at motivating people. 2 I am able to start work immediately. 3 Please don’t hesitate to contact me if... 4 As you can see from my attached CV... 5 I have four years’ experience as a designer. 6 I am very interested in working for your company. 7 I am writing to express my interest in the position of... Activity 7 police officer Activity 8 1The days are never the same; contact with the public. 2 It’s a job for a young person; It’s difficult to get a promotion. 3 It can be a very good job if you want to stop crime and make cities safe. Activity 9 Suggested answer: In general I am happy at work. My job is interesting and gives me lots of opportunities to use my skills and to use my initiative. What’s more, the atmosphere is good and I get on well with my colleagues. However, some things about my job could be better… First of all, I live a long way from the office so it takes me a long time to get to work. Secondly, my salary isn’t great when you consider that the job is quite demanding. Finally, we don’t get many days’ holiday each year; what’s more, we have to take most of our holidays in August. But in conclusion, although my work situation isn’t perfect, I am lucky to have an interesting job when so many people are being laid off.
SELF TEST (page 68) Activity 1 1 said, liked 2 told, had, the year before he had ever worked 5 the meeting was
3 would, that 4 if 6 would like, them
Activity 2 1 Brenda told them that she was trying to get a job with flexitime. 2 I asked Jake who the boss in his department was. 3 Mike said that they might not outsource our/their jobs in the end. 4 I asked my personal assistant if we had a reply from them. 5 Irene said that she didn’t think she was going to earn much in her new job. 6 I asked my dad what he would have done if he hadn’t learned a trade. Activity 3 When Helen came to the interview, they asked: ‘(1) Why are you a good candidate for the job?’ She said: ‘(2) Although I don’t have any relevant experience, it has always been my dream to work in films.’ They then asked: ‘(3) Can you show
172
UNIT 7. INTERNET
The age of the Internet (page 69) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 It would provide information about local events and news. 2 She thought the design was good but the content wasn’t very interesting. Activity 3 1 L 2 B
3 J
Activity 4 1 domain name 5 social networks
4 L, B
2 website 3 user-friendly 4 navigate 6 home page 7 search engine
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 5 1 He has to give her an update on the website. 2 She liked reading the stories and comments about local events. 3 Jade wants Laura to put some of her recipes on the site and write a blog about life in the café. 4 People find Laura’s blog interesting. Activity 6 1 d 2 a
3 b
4 c
5 e
Activity 7 Suggested answer: One of my favourite websites is a travel website where people write about places they’ve been and recommend what to do there, where to stay, where to eat etc. It’s a very attractive site as there are photos of the places they have visited. The site gives you a lot of valuable information and even the travellers' opinion of the facilities and service.
READING (page 70) Activity 1 1 c 2 e
3 a
4 b
5 d
Activity 2 No, he doesn’t think so. Activity 3 1 It’s important to be user-friendly because people need to find the process of using the Internet quick and easy, otherwise they won’t use it. 2 We know where a website is from because of the extension in the URL (e.g. the .mx). 3The three main uses of the Internet are finding information, accessing services, communicating. 4 Cookies are used for anticipating your preferences from the websites you have browsed. 5The author compares it because we use them without knowing how they work. Activity 4 1 network, forum 2 search engines, links 3 download, website 4 access, log in 5 browsed 6 server
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 71-72) Activity 1 1 at 2 double u double u double u 5 wi-fi 6 dot com
3 h t t p
4 slash
Activity 8 1 Working with computers interests me. 2 New inventions interest him. 3 She’s interested in scientific study. Activity 9 Suggested answers: 2 I learnt how to use Instagram last weekend. Really? 3 I found a page on the Internet that has lots of tricks for my smartphone. Fascinating! 4 I heard a story about the situation in Egypt on the news. I’m interested in learning more about it. Is that so? Activity 10 1 e 2 a 3 f
4 b
5 c
6 d
Activity 11 Student’s own answers. Activity 12 1 browsing
2 user-friendly
3 click
4 access
5 cookies
Activity 13 Suggested answer: I am self-employed and I work on different computers, so I use Dropbox a lot. It’s very user-friendly and it’s really easy to register. I can access my files from any computer, download and edit them and then save them again. I can even access files from my smartphone if I need to.
How can the Internet help us? (page 73)
Activity 2 2, 3, 4
Activity 3 Student’s own answers.
5 provider 10 data
Activity 5 1 She hasn’t got Internet because her router has broken. 2The solution is to connect her PC to her smartphone wi-fi. 3 Mel knows more about technology.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 7 1 I haven’t a clue / I have no idea 2 What exactly do you mean 3 can you tell me whether 4 have no idea / haven’t a clue 5 don’t know how to
Activity 1 1 telecare 2 telehealth
Activity 2 1 double u double u double u dot google dot com 2 http colon double slash english dot uk 3 mmcf at gmail dot com
Activity 4 1 smartphone 2 wireless 3 router 4 device 6 hotspot 7 settings 8 tethering 9 gigabyte
Activity 6 1 Carol should send the documents on the company website. 2The telephone company will come tomorrow. 3 She uses the Internet to look at emails. 4 c a e b d
Activity 3 1 7 They use the Internet for lots of different things. 2 7 He carries it in case he has a diabetes attack. 33 43 53 6 7 It means that medical equipment is used remotely (from a distance). Activity 4 1 wild 2 stay 6 hard
3 destination
4 220
5 not worth much
173
Answer Key Activity 5 1 a 2 b
CONSOLIDATION 3 a
4 a
5 b
6 b
7 a
Activity 6 Suggested answer: I use the Internet in many different ways in my daily life for both work and leisure activities and to get information. For example, when I decided to buy a car last month, I used the Internet to find out about the different models and prices. It also gave me the availability of the model that I wanted. The Internet can save us a lot of time. It has all the information that we need to look up at a very fast speed. I don’t know what I would do without the Internet today!
(pages 76-77)
Activity 1 3 Activity 2 Reasons for Internet censorship are political, to protect children, to control workers and economic circumstances.
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 3 1 7 It is possible, but you need special software. 23 33 4 7 Companies control what their employees do by monitoring their Internet acti vity. 5 7 93% of Africans have no access to the Internet. 63
Activity 2 They are mother and son. It isn’t a good relationship.
Activity 4 Student’s own answers.
Activity 3 1 She lives in one room. 2 It is a nice place to live because there is pleasant illumination, fresh air and the sound of soft, melodious music. 3 Yes, she knows thousands. 4 People communicate through a machine, using a plate or pneumatic post. 5 He contacted her because he wanted her to go and see him. 6 She was shocked because he criticised the Machine. 7 She has been in the room since her son was born. 8 Because communication stopped, the devices in her room didn’t work and the air smelt bad. 9 You would read this in a science fiction book.
Activity 5
READING (page 74)
Sandra
Kevin
1 The Internet is free.
7
3
2 The Internet can make you rich.
7
7
3 Internet shopping means businesses are closing.
3
7
4 The Internet is dangerous.
3
7
Activity 6 1 b 2 a
3 c
4 a
5 b
Activity 7 Activity 4 1 f 2 b 3 c
4 e
5 a
6 g
7 d
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 75) Activity 1 › › › 1 2 › 3 4 › 5 Intonation depends on the speak er.
6
›
positive uses
negative uses
- improved communication - easy access to information - quick and easy shopping - opportunities for businesses to interact with their customers
- less privacy - more piracy – illegal downloading of copyright material - addiction to social networks - the spread of computer viruses
Activity 2 Student’s own answers. Activity 3 2 His mother told him not to spend too long on the computer. 3 My colleague asked me to send him/her the link. 4 My friend asked me to send him/her the email tomorrow. 5 Her boss told her to turn off the computer after work. 6 His grandmother asked him not to call her after 10 p.m. Activity 4 2 The manager told the staff, ‘Don’t use personal email at work.’ 3 Jack told his brother, ‘Log in with a different password.’ 4 Vashti told her son, ‘Don’t criticise the Machine.’ 5 I told Harry, ‘Don’t worry about the situation.’ 6 My teacher told me, ‘Send me the essay through the student portal.’ 7 My friend told me, ‘Don’t use that website.’ Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
Activity 8 Student’s own answers. Activity 9 Suggested answer: Dear Will, Thanks for your letter. I am looking forward to staying with you this summer. Do you really mean there will be no Internet in your house?!! How can you live without it? It’ll be very difficult to live without the Internet this summer. I use it every day, first to check my email. I also love posting on social networks. I post several things a day, like photos and interesting articles that I’ve read. I also use the Internet to keep up to date with the news so I read online newspapers. But you’re right, we’re too dependent on the Internet. Let’s try a few weeks without it! All the best,
SELF TEST Activity 1 1 d 2 c
174
3 e
(page 78) 4 f
5 b
6 a
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 2 1 access 2 log in 3 browse 6 downloading 7 sending
4 clicking
5 update
Activity 3 1 She asked John to help her. / She asked if John could help her. 2 He told Sarah not to give her password to anyone. 3 My brother asked me not to use his PC for videogames. 4 She told Mike to try clicking on the icon on the left. 5 My friend told me not to forget to use the @ symbol. 6 She asked Fiona to explain it again. Activity 4 1 ‘Browse the university website,’ her friend told her. / Her friend told her, ‘Browse the university website.’ 2 ‘Can you let me tether my phone to yours?’ asked Joe. / Joe asked, ‘Can you let me tether my phone to yours?’ 3 ‘Please don’t download any more music,’ his sister told him. / His sister told him, ‘Please don’t download any more music.’ 4 ‘Don’t send any more emails,’ said my colleague. / My colleague said, ‘Don’t send any more emails.’ 5 ‘Will you join LinkedIn, please?’ said my Chinese contact. / My Chinese contact said, ‘Will you join LinkedIn, please?’ 6 ‘Wait in the waiting room,’ said the receptionist. / The receptionist said, ‘Wait in the waiting room.’ Activity 5 1 interested in
2 didn’t invent
3 sure
4 isn’t
5 disagrees
Activity 6 Suggested answer: Once I received an email that told me to go on a website and register because I had won the lottery! At first, I didn’t believe it. I get a lot of emails telling me to go to a website because I’ve won some kind of prize. But before I deleted it, I noticed that the address seemed to be correct. It came from the national lottery website. I left it for a while and got on with my work. Then I decided to click on the link. First a message told me that I had won over 1,000 euros. But then my screen went black, my computer re-started and when I logged in again, I saw that I had a virus. The virus had deleted all my photos and some other files.
UNIT 8. POLITICS
Democracy in action (page 79) Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
3 a
4 b
5 b
6 c
Activity 4 1, 3, 4, 6 Activity 5 1 She complains about teenagers. 2There aren’t enough buses and the roads are very busy. 3 Mark Raven has been elected MP 4 He had promised to try to k eep taxes down.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 7 Suggested answer: I mostly agree with the speakers. I think that politicians should be honest.They should also be ready to listen. If voters feel that there is a need for something to be done, it is the responsibility of the politician to make sure that issue is taken care of. Of course politicians must be fair and keep campaign promises.
READING (page 80) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 2 Activity 3 1 7 In a general election in the U.K., people vote for a particular person (their local MP), not for a party. 23 3 7 Jill Neville is in favour of low local taxes. (She wants to gi ve people the power to veto increases in local taxes through referendums.) 4 7 Graham Barry doesn’t want to increase income tax. (He denied that the Labour Party had any intention of raising income tax.) 53 6 7 The Lib Dems have a different policy on income tax from the Labour Party. (The Labour Party won’t raise it while the Lib Dems propose to make the first £10,000 of a person’s income tax-free.) 73 Activity 4 1 for 2 in
3 in
4 of, of
5 on
6 for
7 on
8 to
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 81-82) Activity 1 louder and longer Activity 2 1 democrat 2 economic 3 political 4 liberal 5 parliament 6 responsible 7 candidate 8 government 9 independent 10 constituent 11 parliamentary 12 politician Activity 3 1 declared 2 added 6 guaranteed
Activity 2 1 She thinks voting for him is a waste of time because he’ll never win an election against the main parties. 2 Local business taxes have increased by 20% since Mark was elected. Activity 3 1 b 2 c
Activity 6 8
3 denied
4 stated
5 proposed
Activity 4 1The opposition leader insisted that the government had to do more to help the poor. 2 The Tory leader suggested reducing income tax / that income tax should be reduced the following year. 3The Prime Minister declared that the government was in favour of immigration. 4 Gerald Reece admitted that he didn’t listen / not listening to his constituents enough. 5The party leader promised that the country would be richer than ever before when they governed. 6The Minister of Education denied wanting to reduce / that he wanted to reduce the number of teachers. Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
175
Answer Key Activity 6 1, 2, 4, 6 Activity 7 13 fashionable to say that politicians want an easy life, but 2 7 It’s fashionable that is too simplistic. 3 7 He thinks all of us were responsible. 43 Activity 8 2 Clive recommended taking more interest in politics. 3 Roger denied being / that he was against gay marriage. 4 The party leader insisted on proposing the new law. 5 Pilar admitted having / that she had some extreme political views. 6 The Prime Minister talked about paying the police more. 7 The Minister of Finance argued against building more hospitals. Mini ster apologised apologi sed for not doing what they had 8 The Prime Minister promised in their manifesto. Activity 9 2 The new MP promised to represent all his/her constituents. 3 My dad refused to vote for David Black in the elections. 4 The minister threatened to sack all the teachers if they didn’t go back to work. 5 Ryan offered / promised to explain the manifesto if he/she/ they didn’t understand it. 6 The MP agreed to adopt the proposal. Activity 10 1 The high level of crime in the local community. 2 He talked about making Redford a good place to live, but there is still a lot of crime. 3 She wants to know what action her MP is planning to take. Activity 11 1 I am writing to complain about the level of traffic in our community. 2 In the last campaign you talk ed about reducing traffic. promises. 3 I have to say that you are not keeping your election promises. 4 I would like to ask you what action you are planning to take. 5 I look forward to hearing from you. Activity 12 Suggested answer: Dear Mr Castro, I am one of your constituents and I am writing to complain about the dirty condition of the streets in our community. In the last election campaign you talked about making our neighbourhood a clean and healthy place to live. However, I have to say that you are not keeping your election promises. I would like to ask you what action you are planning to take to improve the situation. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Maria José Hernández Activity 13 Two Activity 14 1 surprised that he has phoned 2 right 3 are going to take action 4 doesn’t want to have security cameras in the streets
176 17 6
British Parliament (page 83) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 All the statements are true. Activity 3 6 Charles I didn’t try to enter the House of Lords. He tried to enter the House of Commons. 8 Big Ben is the bell inside the tower, not the tower. Activity 4 1 Stirling Bridge is important because it represents the victory of Scotland over England. 2 The Scottish army had 6,0 00 men and the English army had over 20,000. 3 No, he doesn’t think it is the right time to become independent. 4 Stirling used to be the capital of Scotland. 5 The city has been dominated by Stirling Castle for a thousand years. 6 The son of Mary Queen of Scots became the first king to hold both crowns. Activity 5 1 e 2 c
3 b
4 g
5 d
6 a
7 f
Activity 6 Suggested answer: I have been a member of a political party since I was 14. My parents are both members of the same party and we sometimes go on demonstrations together about issues we consider important. I think everyone should take an interest in politics because it is our responsibility. responsibility. It’ It’s s very easy to complain about issues in your town or city, but you have to try to do something to solve the problem.
READING (page 84) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 2 Activity 3 politics since they are not 1 They are participating more in local politics happy with the current situation because of the corruption scandals. 2 Ballyhew is a strange town for a political movement because it is not at all a poor or depressed area. environmental / green issues. 3 She was first interested in environmental 4 The local government is more transparent because the council’s council’ s finances are now posted online and it is possible to ask questions at council meetings. 5 She is arrogant and never listens. She has made some serious mistakes. Activity 4 1 politician Activity 5 1 e 2 g
2 political
3 b
4 d
3 policy
5 c
6 f
4 politics
7 h
8 a
THAT’S ENGLISH!
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 85) Activity 2 /e/ health head meant
/e/
/i:/
pear bear
meat tea weak
/:/ learn heard
/e/ great steak
Activity 3 1 anyone / anybody 2 everything 3 anywhere 5 everything 6 somebody / someone Activity 4 1 G 2 G
3 S
4 G
Activity 5 1 except / except for 4 except
5 G
// hear fear year
4 nothing
6 S
2 only / except that
3 only / except that
Activity 6 3 Activity 7 Suggested answers: 1 She cut the salaries of many local officials. 2 They are cleaning the streets more often. They are providing more nursery schools for young children. better.. It’s easier for mothers to work. 3 The town looks better 4 She wants to make the centre of town a pedestrian area, so that it will be much more pleasant to live and work there.
CONSOLIDATION (pages 86-87) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Nina 2 Toby Activity 3 1 b 2 a
3 c
3 Darren
4 c
5 b
Activity 4 Student’s own answers. Activity 5 Student’s own answers. Activity 6 2, 4, 8 Activity 7 13 2 7 In some places women were only given the right to vote a few years ago. That’s terrible. 3 7 The arts don’t deserve special protection. 43 5 7 He is not surprised that people have decided to change countries because they are tired of paying so much in taxes. Activity 8 Headline
Broken promise
a
4
b
6
THAT’S ENGLISH!
c
1, 3
d
2
Activity 9 Suggested answer: Dear Ms Bridges, I am one of your constituents and I am writing to complain about the situation in our community. First of all, in the last election campaign you talked about having better schools for our children. However, Oakwood schools schools have done very badly in national tests. Secondly, you promised that you would create more open spaces. However, South Park has been closed. Thirdly, you stated that you would make Oakwood a safer place to live. However, it has been named as one of the most dangerous places in the country. Finally, you guaranteed that you would give us cleaner streets and a healthier environment. environment. However,, rats have been seen in the High Street! However For all these reasons, I have to say that you are not keeping your election promises. I would like to ask you what action you are planning to take to improve the situation. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, José Domingo
SELF TEST (page 88) Activity 1 1 Our MP denied using / that he had used public money incorrectly. 2 The minister admitted that there was no more money in the budget. 3 The politician insisted that the fight against crime would be their number one priority priority.. 4 The mayor promised that he/she was going to do everything to keep that hospital open. Activity 2 1 apologised for arriving 2 advised not listening 3 talked about increasing 4 offered to organise 5 insisted on taking / that she would tak e 6 promised to reduce / that they would reduce Activity 3 1 for 2 to
3 based
4 parliament
5 tax
Activity 4 1 politician
2 political
3 policies
4 politics
Activity 5 1 scandals
2 unrest
3 government
4 meetings
Activity 6 1 No one / Nobody 2 You / One 3 something 4 they 5 you 6 everywhere 7 anyone / anybody 8 something / anything Activity 7 1 c except 2 d only / except that 4 b only / except that Activity 8 1 am writing 7 take
2 about
3 In
4 talked
3 a except / except for
5 have
6 would like
177
Answer Key Activity 9 Veronica Activity 10 1 rich 2 poor 3 She earns a lot of money. student (and didn’t have any money).
4 She was a
3 shot to fame 4 reality TV show 5 celebrity scene scene 6 enjoyed huge success 7 a one hit wonder wonder 8 a has-been
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 91-92) Activity 3 1 b 2 c
UNIT 9. CELEBRITIES
I’m a celebrity! (page 89)
Activity 4 1 in 2 in
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 She wants to get a tattoo on her arm. 2 She hates her tattoos. Activity 3 1 obsessed
2 famous
3 celebrity
4 sta star-struc r-struck k
Activity 4 All except 3 Activity 5 1 c 2 b
3 a
4 c
5 a
6 b
3 a
4 c
3 with
5 b
4 with
5 by
6 to
7 on
Activity 5 2 The actor said (that) he wasn’t wasn’t going to get divorced. divorced. 3 My sister told me to play that song again. again. 4 Her friend asked her where she had found that that album. 5 The producer suggested suggested trying another location. location. 6 He told me not to take fame too seriously. 7 My manager said (that) I will be / would be a star one day. day. 8 The director said to her that she she must / has to act in his new film. 9 The actor admitted making making a terrible film. 10 My fans said to me I was fantastic in the show. 11 The presenter asked me if I wanted to appear appear in his/her new reality show. 12 The actress denied going out with that politician. politician.
Activity 6 Positive 1
- money (M)
Negative - paparazzi - no privacy (NP)
2 3
-M - (lavish) lifestyle
- NP
4
- free clothes -M
-NP - cameras - paparazzi
5
-M
-NP
6
-M - attention
-NP
Activity 7 Suggested answer: When I was younger I loved reading about celebrities in magazines. I also used to dream that one day I would be famous. Once I ever got the same tattoo as David Beckham which I saw in a magazine. At At first I liked it, but now I wish I had thought about it more carefully.
READING (page 90) Activity 1 Student’s own answers Activity 2 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a Mama Rock and Jonathan Lipnicki continue to perform. Activity 3 1 b 2 a
3 a
4 b
Activity 4 1 an international celebrity celebrity 2 hounded by the press
178
Activity 6 The reporter interviewed him because he had just won a talent show contest. Activity 7 Suggested answer: The presenter asked Samantha how the filming was going and she explained that they were shooting in the desert at that time and that it was very romantic. The presenter asked her if she was in a relationship with her co-star and she asked him who had told him that. He replied that there had been a report in Sunshine magazine the week before and she told him that that was totally false, that she was happy with her husband and that she wouldn’t tolerate those rumours. The presenter apologised and said he hadn’t wanted to upset her. Activity 8 Student’s own answers. Activity 9 1 She met her idol, Billy Bil ly York. 2 She was very excited and said she would remember that moment forever. Activity 10 1 7 Vicky was at the pub last night. 2 7 Billy York is a handsome singer. 33 4 7 Vic Vicky ky didn’t immediately know who Billy was. 5 7 Billy asked Vicky Vicky what music she liked. 63 7 7 Billy left because he had to meet a friend. Activity 11 1 achieved 6 private
2 singers
3 name
4 successful
5 perform
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Who do you look like? (page 93) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Charles Darwin — naturalist and geologist — wrote The Origin of the Species . 2 JK Rowling — author — wrote the Harry Potter books. 3 Robert Louis Stevenson — author — wrote many famous books (Eg. Treasure Island ). 4 Arthur Conan Doyle — doctor and author — wrote the Sherlock Holmes books. Activity 3 13 23 3 7 He thought he could make some money. 4 7 Some have to make big changes to their lives. 53 63 7 7 They have to study the way that their celebrity walks and talks and learn any gestures. 83
Activity 2 › 1 Who cares about being famous? › 2 What do you do about that tattoo? › 3 Who knows what he thinks? › 4 Why is life so difficult? Activity 3 1 star-struck / materialistic 4 famous 5 celebrity Activity 4 a 3 b 2
c 2
d 2
2 luxury 3 materialistic / star-struck
e 1
Activity 5 The early 60s / 1963 When he was 20 / At the age of 20 in 1985 / two years later Five years later / In 2008
Activity 6 Suggested answer: Many famous people come from my city and some of them have plaques or statues dedicated to them. For example, in Ramales Square there is a statue of Velázquez and some people say he is buried underneath, but I don’t think he is. Carmen Sevilla is another famous person also from my city and has a statue dedicated to her in the Paseo de Colón in Seville.
Activity 6 Suggested answer: Oprah Winfrey is an African-American actress and businesswoman. However, she is perhaps most famous for her chat show, Oprah, in which she is sympathetic and kind to all her guests, no matter who they are. Oprah was born into a single-parent family in the small town of Kosciusko, Mississippi in 1954, and had a difficult childhood, living in poverty. She is a great example of someone who has overcome problems early life to enjoy fame and success later – a great example of the American dream. Since Oprah’s early days of fame in the 1985 film The Color Purple , for which she was nominated for an Oscar, she is now one of the world’s richest and most influential women and is so famous people only use her first name. She is well known for her many efforts to help charities and in 2013 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama. However, she can still be upset by prejudice, even at her level of fame. Recently a shop assistant, who didn’t recognise her, told her she would not be able to afford one of the designer items in the shop. Oprah reported this to the press as she believed it had been racism that motivated the shop woman’s comments.
READING (page 94)
CONSOLIDATION (pages 96-97)
Activity 1 Student’s own answers
Activity 1 Student’s own answers.
Activity 2 2, 3, 4 and 5
Activity 2 Using YouTube videos and taking part in a competition.
Activity 3 1 They were materialistic teenagers/adolescents obsessed with fashion and celebrities. 2 They looked at their social engagements online. 3 Their latest botox treatment, cosmetic surgery or personal tragedy. 4 A-list celebrities are more famous than B-list celebrities.
Activity 3 1The most popular type of videos on YouTube are music videos. 2You can put a video on YouTube by uploading it. 3You can use a famous person’s video by posting a response to the famous person's video. 4 It isn’t important because people still watch it. 5 People suddenly become famous because of their extraordinary performances. 6 Audiences want to see reactions to the situation.
Activity 4 1 tourist 2 nearly 6 an inspirational
3 very near
4 lived
5 All over the city
Activity 5 1 Australia and England 2 Scotland, Australia and South Africa 3 Scotland and England 4 Scotland and England
Activity 4 1 luxury goods 2 botox treatment 3 superstars 4 gossip shows 5 privacy 6 social engagements 7 lifestyle
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 95) Activity 1 1 d 2 a
3 b
4 c
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 4 Suggested answer: I would choose entering a competition to become famous. I love performing and competing. People could see the talent I have and I would become famous. It would also allow me to do what I like the most. I know winning the contest would be difficult, but it will be worth it.
179
Answer Key Activity 5 1
3 Nicky said she would like to see that show. 4 Susan asked me to tell her if I was going to be late. 5 Guy told them not to take any more photos of him.
Activity 6 She can’t keep the prizes because she can’t afford to pay the taxes on the prizes. Activity 7 Lorna won… 1 a (Mercedes) car 2 a (luxury) cruise 3 a gym subscription
She has to pay… 1 £7,000 2 £1,500 3 £250 a month for six months
Activity 8 1 7 Oh, it’s wonderful. She can’t believe it. 23 33 4 7 She can’t sell the car until she pays for it. 5 7 She told them to keep the prizes. Activity 9 1 c 2 a
Activity 5 1 a 2 d
4 e
5 c
Jenny 3 d
4 b
Activity 11 Student’s own answers. Activity 12 Suggested answer: Most people at some stage think it would be great to be famous. We think fame and fortune automatically go together. But is it really that wonderful? Like everything in life, being famous has its good points and bad points. In many ways it must be great to be famous. You are adored and admired by many people. Most famous people earn a lot of money, have beautiful houses, clothes and cars. What’s more, they get invited to wonderful parties, they get lots of free gifts or advertising deals and people recognise them wherever they go. However, it’s clear that fame brings with it a lot of disadvantages. Being constantly recognised means you can’t go everywhere you want to – even normal things like going shopping or to the cinema or theatre are impossible or at least very difficult. In addition, there is constant pressure on famous people, especially women, to look young and beautiful all the time. They have to follow a very strict lifestyle. Finally, their fame can easily be lost if they make a bad film or album, and as a result, they can lose everything they worked so hard for. In conclusion, I’m sure being famous has lots of wonderful aspects to it, but it seems to me that it’s also a very hard way to live if you want a ‘normal’ life.
SELF TEST (page 98) Activity 1 1 star 2 scene 3 success 7 one-hit 8 has-been
3 a
4 b
4 fans
5 paparazzi
5 a
Activity 3 1 Charles asked why I had followed him. 2 Jack said he was sorry he hadn’t called me.
180
3 b
Activity 6
Activity 10 Student’s own answers.
Activity 2 1 b 2 a
Activity 4 1 The actress explained she couldn’t become famous if she didn’t have a manager. 2 The director suggested making a film about Marilyn Monroe. 3 The presenter agreed the stars of the show had been hounded by the press. 4 The reporter enquired if he/she would be appearing in the following episode. 5 The film star denied inviting his/her ex-boyfriend to the wedding. 6 The photographer told the model to stand next to the waterfall.
6 album
1 be in a reality show
7
2 be followed by paparazzi
7
3 be recognised in the street
7
4 win a lot of money
3
Activity 7 1 The contestants have to compete for a boyfriend or girlfriend. 2 You’d get a good table in a restaurant. 3 She’d have a bodyguard to keep the paparazzi away. Activity 8 Brad Pitt is a famous person that I really admire. He was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma and grew up in Springfield, Missouri. Brad Pitt is an exceptional actor. He started acting when he was very young and first gained recognition for his role as a cowboy in Thelma and Louise . Other blockbuster movies he has starred in are Legends of the Fall , Seven and World War Z . Brad Pitt has won a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award. Apart from being a great actor, I really admire Brad Pitt for his generosity and all the humanitarian causes that he supports. I think Brad Pitt is an example to follow.
UNIT 10. THE MEDIA
The voice of age and experience (page 99) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Matt suggests changing her hairstyle and wearing a bit more make-up. 2 Audience figures went up by 30%. Activity 3 1 The top story is age and sex discrimination in government departments and big businesses. 2 She will be answering questions about the government’s position on age discrimination.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
3 She hasn’t been smiling because she has been reporting on serious issues. 4 She isn’t a presenter because they decided to change her for a younger presenter (‘a newer model’). 5 There should be more of mature, intelligent women like Miriam. 6 There won’t be any women over 30 left. 7 Age discrimination will affect both men and women. Activity 4 13 2 7 He says he wants her to be the face and brains of their news coverage. 33 43 5 7 She says they are more important than style. 6 7 He compares her to a fine wine. Activity 5 1 c 2 d
3 a
4 f
5 e (also f)
6 b
Activity 6 Suggested answer: I watch quite a lot of news programmes and documentaries. I like programmes which investigate topics and interview people with different points of view. I also like watching music programmes, but not contests. I prefer when well-known musicians are interviewed and their concerts are shown on TV.
READING (page 100)
3 f
4 e
5 a
6 c
Activity 3 1 There are many more channels than before. 2 It is more difficult to attract viewers. 3 They often include negative news because it helps to attract viewers. 4 It makes people depressed and pessimistic. 5 It presents problems because reporters have to maintain the viewer’s attention. 6 The author thinks the news needs to be reported in a different way. Activity 4 1 c 2 e
3 d
4 a
5 b
Activity 5 news coverage report / reporting the news prime time news news bulletins positive news negative news news coverage news programmes ‘News’ is followed by a verb in the singular and we use ‘it’ as a pronoun to replace it because it is an uncountable noun. ... the news tends to be depressing news which was emotionally neutral; the news mustn’t only inform ; it has to provoke and to entertain ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 2 1 I want to watch the news tonight. 2 I prefer to listen to music on the radio. 3 What’s your favourite TV programme? 4 Watching the news makes me feel depressed. 5 Do you have satellite or cable TV? Activity 4 1 turn 2 seems 3 are showing 4 haven’t watched 5 has really improved 6 read / am reading 7 ’ve been doing 8 am learning / ‘ve been learning 9 am taking / have taken 10 ’ve been Activity 5 1 schedules 5 mainstream
2 satellite 6 non-stop
3 prime time
4 coverage
Activity 7 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 Activity 8 1 7 The mass media is very fragmented. 23 33 4 7 There are still programmes with large numbers of viewers but not as large as before. 53 Activity 9 1 have watched watched, went
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 d 2 b
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 101-102)
2 watched
3 was watching, rang
4 had
Activity 10 1 Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I went there last year. 2 Did you see the documentary at 10 o’clock last night? No, I was doing my homework then. 3 Were you reading the paper when I came in? No, I hadn’t arrived home by then. 4 Has Doug bought a new TV yet? Yes, he got one last weekend. Activity 11 1 remote, glued, flipped, channels 2 keep, audience, sensationalism 3 live, report, viewers, bias Activity 12 1 still 2 while 7 at the moment
3 for
4 ago
5 already
6 so far
Activity 13 1 criminals who had used the chaos to steal goods 2 are having an emergency meeting 3 have burned dozens of cars 4The violence has been going on now for four hours 5 Rory McDowell appeared Activity 14 Over 100 police officers have been injured. Over 200 arrests have been made. Activity 15 Suggested answer: This is Joe Hargreaves reporting from Kings Green station,
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where a terrible train crash occurred half an hour ago. Police and firemen are still trying to rescue passengers, but it is already clear that many people have been killed in the accident. The Prime Minister has expressed his shock and has sent his condolences to all the families that have been affected by the tragedy. He also emphasised that this was not a terrorist attack and that it was vital to find out how the accident had occurred.
Let’s listen to the radio! (page 103) Activity 1 1 e 2 b
3 d
4 a
Activity 2 // boat load goal coat loan float
/:/
approach coach road throat
keyboard abroad blackboard oar
5 c Activity 3 / / is the most usual pronunciation of ‘oa’.
Activity 2 1, 3 Activity 3 1 b 2 c
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 105)
3 c
4 a
5 b
6 a
7 c
Activity 4 1 galleries 2 animation 3 classic 6 25 7 transformed 8 studio Activity 5 1 a, c, f 2 d
3 e
4 e
8 a
4 machines
5 news
5 a, b
Activity 4 1 ’m meeting (A definite plan. ’m going to meet also possible but is less frequent.) 2 ’s going to watch (an intention) 3 ’ll order (a spontaneous decision) 4 will happen/ is going to happen (a prediction) 5 will be / is going to be (prediction) 6 is going to finish (prediction) / is finishing (plan) 7 are they showing (plan) 8 ’ll make (spontaneous decision)
Activity 6 Suggested answer: There are many popular programmes. It depends who you talk to. For example, my grandm other loves watching cooking programmes like Master Chef , whereas my father prefers sports programmes. Personally, I think there are too many football matches onTV, or even sports in general. I like playing sports, but not watching them on TV. I would like to have a choice of watching more modern films without adverts.
Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
Activity 8 1 c 2 a
3 b
READING (page 104)
Activity 9 1 a 2 c
3 b
Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 2 Activity 3 13 2 7 One series is a historical drama and the other is a current affairs programme. 3 7 Zhen Huan is a hard, ambitious woman. 4 7 The Legend of Zhen Huan has been a hit in Japan and is being adapted for American TV. 53 6 7 You need to be either a celebrity or a professional dancer. 73 Activity 4 1 soap operas, sitcoms, reality shows, historical drama, series, current affairs programme, phone-ins, talent contest, 2 hit series, all the rage, hit, top-rated show 3 a audience figures b aired c tune in
Activity 7 Student’s own answers.
4 c
CONSOLIDATION (pages 106-107) Activity 1 Student’s own answers. Activity 2 1 Activity 3 1 b 2 a
3 c
4 c
5 b
Activity 4 2 and 3 Activity 5 1 7 It’s about sex, violence and public broadcasting. 2 3 3 3 4 7 Only Rosie states this opinion. 5 3 Activity 6 Student’s own answers. Activity 8 Suggested answer: I’ve just done a questionnaire about watching TV. I’m very happy with the results. On the one hand, I don’t watch TV more than I talk to my family,
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
so that’s good. Another good thing is that we don’t have family arguments over which programme to watch. However, there are many aspects which could be better. For example, it would be impossible for me not to watch TV for a whole week. What’s more, I often need to watch TV to help me relax and fall asleep — so it’s like a drug. After doing this questionnaire, I think I’ll need to take a look at my TV viewing habits. At the moment, TV is too important in my life.
SELF TEST (page 108) Activity 1 1 I have been watching TV all morning. I should really do something else before lunch. 2 Last night Sean did his homework while he was listening to the radio. 3 3 4 You can’t speak to Chris at the moment. He’s talking on the phone. 5 3 6 When was the film The Godfather made? 7 Have you read that article in the paper yet? 8 3 9 Were you sleeping at 11 o’clock last night? 10 Graham called a few minutes ago. Activity 2 1 is 2 has been 3 didn’t appear 4 watch 5 is 6 have played 7 is 8 appeared 9 knows 10 will happen 11 seems (Also possible but less likely: is going to happen.) 12 will continue (Also possible but less likely: is going to continue] Activity 3 1 Non-stop 2 Prime time 5 networks, audience
3 mainstream
Activity 4 1 flip, remote 2 broadcast, news sensationalism Activity 5 1 b 2 c Activity 6 1 d 2 b, c
4 coverage
3 keep, glued
4 bias,
3 c
3 a
Activity 7 1 7 They haven’t been cleaned for weeks. 23 3 7 Heavy rain fell for three days. 4 7 They are coordinating the operations. 5 7 Two sheep have been killed and eaten by a predator. 63 Activity 8 Suggested answer: In general, I like watching sport and films on TV. I don’t have a favourite programme, although the final of the World Cup in 2010 when Spain won was very special. Last night I didn’t watch any TV because there was nothing good on. I’ll try to find time to watch some football over the weekend, and I’ll probably see a film on Sunday night too, as they usually show a good one.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 11. REVISION
GRAMMAR (page 109) Activity 1 1 anywhere 2 Which 3 ‘So have I.’ 4 ‘So would I.’ 5 took 6 did you give 7 was he sent 8 have been told 9 of 10 very Activity 2 1 would you do 2 had 3 won 4 would give up 5 don’t think 6 would stop 7 retires 8 will travel / is going to travel 9 finds 10 will work 11 would like 12 will be / would be Activity 3 1 My sister informed me that Jeremy hadn’t finished his degree yet. 2 Kate asked Peter where he found information about new music. 3 Sarah asked me to send her the details by email immediately. 4 Jack’s mother told him not to make any noise while she was talking on the phone. 5 Gerry suggested that I take my phone to the repair shop. 6 Irene admitted that she had made a terrible mistake. 7 The policeman ordered Oscar not to move. 8 Jane’s sister promised that things would be better the next / the following week. 9 Linda’s grandfather enquired if she had had a good time. Activity 4 1 should have got 4 can’t have been Activity 5 1 who 2 for
3 –
2 might have been 3 could have helped 5 may have had 6 must have gone
4 – / that / which
5 that / which
Activity 6 1 was given 2 are told 3 gave / will give / is giving / is going to give 4 has just been offered 5 is paid / will be paid 6 has / have just released
VOCABULARY (page 110) Activity 1 1 receipt 2 checkout 3 brands 4 corner shop 5 fake 6 value 7 lend 8 owe 9 overdraft 10 withdraw Activity 2 1 attend 2 conductor 3 trainee 4 resign 5 make 50 people redundant 6 applied 7 recruit 8 perks 9 degree 10 earn Activity 3 1 e soundtrack 2 c income tax 3 g right wing 4 a global warming 5 f local council 6 b soap opera 7 d megastars Activity 4 1 local council, global warming 2 soap opera, right-wing 3 megastars, income tax 4 soundtrack
PRONUNCIATION (page 110) Activity 1 1 subway (the letter ‘b’ is silent in the other words) 2 steak / e / (‘ea’ is pronounced / i: / in the other words) 3 broad / : / (‘oa’ is pronounced / / in the other words) 4 nervous / / (unstressed syllable); (‘ow’ and ‘ou’ are pronounced / a / in the other words)
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Activity 2 1 I could have left my phone at home. 2 He can see you have been working hard. 3 They couldn’t stop the flood. 4 Can you help me? Activity 3 1 postgraduate careers advice footprint email greenhouse earthquake graduate trainee 2 misbehaviour megastar minibus co-owner interaction autobiography 3 parliament parliamentary independent democrat political constituent Activity 4 › 1 A: My father’s in hospital. › B: I’m terribly sorry! 2 A: Where do you want to go? › B: Who cares? 3 A: I lost 100 € in the shop. › B: How dreadful!
›
›
5 A: What do you think about this one? › › B: Let me see … Yes, you’re absolutely right!
READING COMPREHENSION I (page 111) c 1
d 5
e 4
f 2
Activity 2 1 One person only could talk to a record ed message. The other spoke to a person who explained how to solve the problem. 2 One broke after 2 weeks. The other is strong . 3 One complains that the songs weren’t new. The other says that it is their best album yet and that the lyrics have a message for teenagers. 4 Suggested answers: – c and f c Customers don’t usually describe couriers as ‘nice and talkative’. f A must for Christmas sounds like an advertisement.
READING COMPREHENSION II (page 111) Activity 3 1 d 2 a
7 A
4
7 The
4 e
5 c
furniture company wants to use solar and wind power in their factories. writer also thinks that p eople are more aware of green issues than in the past.
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I (page 112) Activity 1 1 Summer Study 2 30 3 climbing 4 painting 5 eighteen 6 hostel 7 a village in the Lake District 8 concerts 9 plays 10 www.summerstudy.co.uk
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Name
First job
Richard Branson
with a magazine
Current business
Income/ fortune
airlines, $4 billion mobile phone companies, space travel
Simon Cowell in the mail room of a record company
TV and music $80 million a year world
Sidney Poitier in the army
actor
$75 million a year
Amancio Ortega
selling T-shirts
clothes business
$57 billion
Lula da Silva
cleaning shoes on the street
politician
not a millionaire
Activity 3 1 b 2 c
3 b
4 a
5 b
WRITING I (page 112) Suggested answer: Dear Mr Singh, I am writing to apply for the job of project manager which is advertised on your website. I would be very interested in moving to India to work on your volunteer projects. I have plenty of experience in this role as I worked on several construction sites as a project manager between 2005 and 2012. I led a team of 12 workers in the construction of schools and other public buildings. I was recently made redundant due to the sharp decrease in construction work in my country. I have been learning English for the past five years and I have reached a B2 level. I worked with people from different nationalities on some construction projects and we often communicated in English. I sincerely hope you will consider me for the post you are offering and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Your sincerely,
WRITING II (page 112) 3 b
Activity 4 1 7 Green policies are common to most political manifestos / parties. 3
Activity 2
›
4 A: Would you like a bag? › › › B: No, thanks. I brought my own.
Activity 1 a 3 b 6
LISTENING COMPREHENSION II (page 112)
Suggested answer: Where would we be nowadays without a computer, a mobile phone or a tablet? Everywhere we go, we are surrounded by technology. At work, we have computers that help us to do our jobs. Email and other communication systems like videoconferencing help us to cooperate on projects with people from all around the world. When we go home, technology helps us keep our homes warm, helps us make our meals and cook and most of all keeps us entertained. Then when we want to travel, we can book our holid ays without leaving our home, via the internet. We can book flights, hotel rooms or rent a car. Before leaving, we can find out a vast amount of information about the place on the Internet – places to visit, museums, transport and we can even print out maps. Modern technology has, without a doubt, made our lives much easier.
THAT’S ENGLISH!