Test Bank for Experiencing the Lifespan 4th Edition by Belsky for Only 79 99

Name: ______________ ____________ Date: _____________ 1. Lifespa Lifespan n develop developmentalists, mentalists, or developmental scientists, are: A) prim primar aril ily y researchers. researchers. B) res researc earche hers rs and practitioners from a variety of disciplines. C) prim primar ariily ps psychologists. D) prim primar aril ily y pr actitioners. 2. Which Which theoreti theoretica call stage of human development did not exist as a defined life stage until the twentieth century? A) old age B) ado adolesce escen nce C) infancy D) childhood 3. A pers person' on'ss “fift “fifty y-fifty” chance at birth of living to a given age is called: A) mediu dium li lifespan. B) ave average age li life expectancy. C) the twentieth-century eth-century life expectancy revolution. D) maximu imum lifespan. 4. Which Which person person is undergoing a normative transition in the United States in 2015? A) Michael, who who is entering law school at the age of 58 B) George, wh who is getting married for the third time at the age of 24 C) Melinda, who is getting married for the first time at the age of 25 D) There erese, wh who is having her first child at the age of 16 5. A cult culture ure that values values social harmony over individual achievement is called: A) coll collec ecti tivi vist st.. B) indi indivi vidu dual alis istic. tic. C) dev develope oped. D) deve develo lopi ping ng.. 6. Which Which stateme statement nt about about men versus women is true? A) Men are more physiologically "hardy" than women. B) Men are he healthier than women. C) Women are more fragile physically than men. D) Women outlive men by more than 2 years. 7. Accord According ing to traditional traditional behaviorists, all voluntary actions are determined by: A) ope operant conditioning. B) cla classical co conditioning. C) soci social al lear learni ning ng theory. D) atta attach chme ment nt theory. 8. Cognit Cognitive ive behavi behaviorists/social orists/social learning theorists place primary emphasis on: A) lear learni ning ng thr thr ough ough observation. B) att attachm chment ent theory. C) genetics. D) the use of o perant conditioning. 9. Dr. Styler Styler studie studiess universal human tendencies that are shared by all people. He speculates that these are biological predispositions that that helped promote human survival. Dr. Styler MOST likely is a(n): A) trad tradit itio iona nall behaviorist. behaviorist. B) cog cognit nitive be behaviorist. C) beh behavi avioral genetics genetics researcher. D) evol evolut utio iona nar r y psychologist. 10. BuiltBuilt-in in tempera temperamental mental tendencies may cause people to act in specific ways. The term for this nature/nurture interaction is: A) evoc evocat ativ ivee forces. B) unid unidir irec ecti tion onal al forces. C) late latent nt force orcess. D) heri herita tabi bili lity ty..

Page 1 Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Expe https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Experiencing-the-Life riencing-the-Lifespan-4th-Edition-b span-4th-Edition-by-Belsky-for-only-79 y-Belsky-for-only-79-99 -99

11. Geneti Geneticc tend tendenci encies es shape human environments. The two terms that explain the different ways that “nature shapes nurture” are _____ forces. A) evo evocat cative and and active B) inte intera ract ctiv ivee and disjunctive C) evo evocat cative and reactive D) reac eactive ive and and proactive 12. Behavio Behavioris rists ts emp emphasize hasize the crucial role of _____ on behavior. A) env environmen nmental tal influences B) gen geneti etic in influences C) cog cogniti itive pr pr ocesses D) nor normati ative aand nd non-normative influences 13. Cassie Cassie is cond conduc ucting ting a study of the relationship between depression and anxiety. Cassie is performing _____ research. A) expe experrimen imenta tall B) corr correl elat atio iona nall C) causal D) unid unidir irec ecti tion onal al 14. Dr. Imm Immacul aculata ata tests groups of people and uses numerical scales and statistics. She is conducting: A) inte interv rvie iew w research. research. B) natu natura rali lisstic tic observation. C) qual qualit itat ativ ivee r esearch. esearch. D) quan quanti tita tati tive ve research. research. 15. A poten potential tial bias bias of the longitudinal Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, conducted in 1972–1973, lies with: A) infants. B) res researc earche hers rs.. C) parents. D) teachers. 16. Two of the major areas comprising comprising the study study of lifespan development development include include _____ and _____. A) phren phrenol ology ogy;; phenom phenomen enol ology ogy B) philo philoso soph phy; y; child child develo developm pmen entt C) geron gerontol tolog ogy; y; chemi chemist stry ry D) child child develop developmen ment; t; geront gerontolog ology y 17. “They are born at around the same time as we are, and we travel through life during the same point in history.” This description refers to a person's: A) soci social al grou group. p. B) soci social al clas classs. C) club. D) cohort. 18. Developmental Developmentalists ists seek to understand understand all of the following following EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) the universal universal and predictable predictable ways in in which which a person person develops. develops. B) individ individual ual diffe differenc rences es in human human develop developmen ment. t. C) the imp impact act of of life life trans transit ition ions. s. D) the diagno diagnosis sis and and treatme treatment nt of mental mental illne illness. ss. 19. Which is an example of a non-normative non-normative transition transition?? A) Frank Frank is getting getting marrie married d at age 28. B) Yolanda Yolanda is is enterin entering g a master' master'ss progra program m at age 22. 22. C) Joseph Joseph is is beginni beginning ng medica medicall school school at at age 58. 58. D) Rachel Rachel is getti getting ng her driv driver' er'ss permit permit at at age 16. 16. 20. Joe lives in a society that prizes independence, competition, and personal success. Joe lives in a(n) _____ culture. A) coll collec ecti tivi vist st B) indi indivi vidu dual alis isti ticc C) developed D) dev developi oping 21. According According to traditional behaviorists behaviorists,, activities that are _____ or rewarded will be learned. A) improved B) increased C) rein einforced ced D) ignored


22. 22. Whic Which h is an exa example mple of self-efficacy? A) John be believes eves that he is competent in psychology so he works very hard in this class. B) Jean feels good about himself as a person. C) Jacqu cqui li likes kes to reward herself for doing well. D) Jill Jill trie triess to to place place herself in difficult situations. 23. Dr. Lee is is inter interes ested ted in determining the degree to which genetics influence intelligence, so she compares the intelligence test scores of identical identical and fraternal twins. Dr. Lee's field of study is: A) beha behavi vior oral al genetics. B) evo evolutiona onar y psychology. C) att attachm chment theory. D) dev develo elopmentalism. 24. Which Which is is NOT NOT an example of a bidirectional relationship? A) Ms. Ta Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening. B) Mary ary feel eels happy when she sees her upbeat friend. C) Ng be becomes annoyed when he sees his moody and unpredictable neighbor. D) Profess essor Erikson Erikson notices that when she is lecturing, she does not make eye contact with her shy students. 25. Eighte Eighteen-y en-yearear-ol old d Bethany is trying to determine who she is as a person and what she wants to do in life. According to Erik Erikson's framework, framework, Bethany's current life challenge is: A) basi basicc trus trust. t. B) ini initiative. ve. C) identity. D) role role conf confus usiion. 26. Dr. Beech Beech uses uses many different approaches to understand behavior and is interested in the ways in which these influences interact. Dr. Beech Beech is adopting the _____ approach. A) nat nature vs vs. nurture nurture B) develo developm pmen ental tal syst system emss C) hum humanistic D) beha behavi vior oral al gene geneti tics cs 27. Professor Carter is conducting a study that involves watching watching children in a classroom and rating their behavior. Professor Carter is using which measurement method? A) surv survey ey anal analys ysis is B) self self-r -rep epor ortt desi design gn C) labo labora rato tory ry res resea earc rch h D) natur naturali alist stic ic obser observat vatio ion n 28. Miguel decides to study the relationship between exercise and health. He picks a group of older people, assesses how much much they work out, and then relates these scores to measures of blood pressure and other signs of illness. Joe's strategy of relating variables as they naturally occur is called: A) corre correlat latio ional nal rese resear arch. ch. B) natur naturali alist stic ic obse observ rvati ation on.. C) self self-r -rep epor ort. t. D) exper experim iment ental al resear research ch.. 29. Who is most most likely likely to identify identify as young-old? young-old? A) Ben is 92 years old and has many many physical and and neurocognitive neurocognitive issues issues that prevent prevent him from performing performing some some daily activities B) Mary is 67 67 years old old and rejects rejects the the idea that she is old old and not able to participa participate te in activities. activities. C) Sarah Sarah is 54 years years old and and maintain maintainss an active active lifesty lifestyle le D) Jim is 84 84 years old, old, rejects rejects the idea idea that he he is old, and walks walks every day day to stay stay active 30. Dr. Williams was interested in studying anxiety levels and physical healthy and activity among 12-, 25-, 35-, and 45-year-old individuals. Dr. Williams provided the participants with a measure of anxiety and then had them participate in certain physical activities. This would be an example of a __ ___ study. A) corr correl elat atio iona nall B) qua qualitati ative C) long longit itud udin inal al D) cros crosss-se sect ctio iona nall 31. List three normative normative and three non-normativ non-normativee influences in your life. 32. Estimate the amount of time you spend on social social media during a typical week. week. Then, as a thought experiment, imagine your Internet goes on the fritz, and you are forced to spend time on other activities. What specifically would you choose to do? Do you think social media sites are a negative or positive influence in your life?


33. Monito Monitorr your your texting texting activities during a particular day. How often do you text? Do you feel you text too much (or too little)? What are the advantages advantages and disadvantages of using this communication mode? 34. Descri Describe be (and (and speculate) speculate) on the ways an 80-year-old and a 30-year-old might view the Great Recession of 2008 and the social media revolution. revolution. 35. Joey Joey and and Cyril Cyril ar e born on the same day, but Joey lives in Canada and Cyril was born and is growing up in Haiti. Statistically speaking, what differences differences between Joey and Cyril might you predict as they travel through life? 36. Explai Explain n how how you you might might teach table manners to a 4-year-old, using operant conditioning. 37. Brandi, Brandi, a colleg collegee sophomore, seeks help from the counseling center for her extreme shyness, and is offered a choice of treatments. She can can have sessions with a behavioral therapist, work with a psychoanalyst, or get therapy from a person who follows the developmental developmental systems perspective. Explain in a sentence how each treatment would differ from the others. 38. Dr. Ragan, Ragan, a beh behaviorist, is the new director of an organization that prepares people to return to college after they have dropped out. Dr. Ragan's mission is to design a program to assist clients in their efforts to successfully reenter school. Using the principles of traditional behaviorism, modeling, and self-efficacy, spell out some strategies that Dr. Regan might employ. 39. Spell Spell out out the the mai main n similarity and difference between John Bowlby's attachment theory and traditional psychoanalytic theory. 40. A psych psycholo ologis gistt wants wants to determine the heritability (or genetic contribution) to political attitudes. Describe how the psychologist might might design this study. What findings would suggest that political attitudes are highly genetic? 41. Give Give aan n exam example ple each each of evocative and active genetic/environment forces and how they have shaped the person you are. Then give an example example of either an optimum or poor person-environment fit that you have experienced this semester. 42. Compare Compare and contrast Erikson' Erikson'ss and Freud's ideas. ideas. 43. Explain Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation, and give a concrete example of those processes. 44. A developmentalist is studying the relationship between parenting practices and children's sociability. Her plan is to watch each family's interactions at home, and then observe each child's relationships with peers at school. Name the type of measurement she uses, and spell out its advantage and disadvantages. 45. Melissa and Ramon want want to conduct a study to determine if exercise promotes health. Melissa plans to test this question using a correlational approach, while Ramon decides to conduct an experiment. Describe what each student's research might look like and discuss the respective pluses and minuses of each plan. 46. After researchers conducts a cross-sectional study, they find that older people are more satisfied with their family relationships than are younger people. How should the researchers interpret this finding? 47. List the pluses and minuses minuses of conducting conducting longitudinal longitudinal research. research. 48. Take a specific concept, term, or theory in this chapter and discuss how it applies to your own life. 49. Normative Normative life events events are the same same in all cultures. cultures. A) True B) False 50. The maximum maximum lifespan lifespan is the oldest possible possible age to which which humans can live. live. A) True B) False 51. The young-old young-old are are people in in their fifties fifties.. A) True B) False 52. In the United States (and around the world), there is no relationship between life expectancy and a person's income. A) True B) False


53. Compare Compared d to to peo peo ple in Asian countries, U.S. residents are more likely to ha ve a collectivist worldview. A) True B) False 54. Attitud Attitudes es and and val values ues within each major ethnic group in the United States are very similar. A) True B) False 55. The differ difference encess in in values and attitudes between men and women are almost all biological in origin. A) True B) False 56. Accord According ing to traditional traditional behaviorists, the way to extinguish behavior is to stop reinforcing it. A) True B) False 57. Accord According ing to Bandura, Bandura, modeling refers to watching and imitating another person's behavior. A) True B) False 58. Freud Freud believed believed that self-awareness is the key to mental health. A) True B) False 59. Bowlby Bowlby's 's attach attachment ment theory emphasizes the importance of the parent/child relationship in early childhood. A) True B) False 60. Bowlby Bowlby embraced the importance importance of nurture, but rejected rejected the importance importance of nature. A) True B) False 61. Evolutionary Evolutionary psychologists psychologists emphasize emphasize the importance of reinforcement reinforcement in determining determining behavior. A) True B) False 62. Behavioral Behavioral geneticists geneticists conduct research research on hereditary hereditary influences influences in behaviors and attitudes. A) True B) False 63. Piaget was interested interested in charting charting how the amount that children children know gradually increases. increases. A) True B) False 64. Developmental Developmental systems systems theorists theorists stress that many different different forces shape behavior. behavior. A) True B) False 65. Developmental Developmentalists ists conduct conduct research to find out the scientific scientific “truth.” A) True B) False 66. Correlational Correlational studies studies can determine determine cause and effect relationships relationships.. A) True B) False 67. Cross-secti Cross-sectional onal studies compare compare different different age groups at the same time. A) True B) False 68. Longitudinal Longitudinal studies studies are inexpensive inexpensive and easy to carry carry out. A) True B) False


69. Qualit Qualitativ ativee studi studies es include statistical analyses. A) True B) False 70. The scienti scientific fic study study of aging is called _____. 71. Predict Predictabl ablee miles milestones tones people encounter during life, such as puberty or beginning high school, are called _____. 72. If Janet Janet is a baby baby boomer boomer and Jamila is a millennial, then Janet and Jamila are members of different _____. 73. ___ _____ __ is is the the term term that that refers to one's income and level of education. 74. Harmon Harmonious ious family family and group relationships are of primary importance in _____, while independence and achievement are highly valued in individualistic cultures. 75. The developm developmen ental tal science term for environmental forces that shape behavior is _____. 76. ___ _____ __ theor theories ies f ocus ocus on specific changes that occur at particular ages. 77. In trad traditio itional nal ope operant rant behaviorist terminology, people learn through _____. 78. In cogniti cognitive ve beha behavioral vioral terms, a person who has low _____ will be less likely to accept a challenging task than his counterpart. 79. Freud Freud refer referred red to the to the mass of instincts that drive human behavior “unconsciously” as people's _____. 80. According According to John Bowlby, children's children's early early experiences with with _____ shape their ability ability to love. 81. Evolutionary Evolutionary psychologis psychologists ts emphasize emphasize the ______ roots of human behavior. behavior. 82. The field that explores the biological biological and environment contribution contribution to human differences differences is called _____. 83. A scientist studying how early life events might change the outer cover of human DNA, and so have far reaching consequences throughout life, is working in the new field called _____. 84. For Erikson, Erikson, each life stage involves involves a particular developmental developmental challenge, challenge, or _____. 85. A researcher researcher who looks at many different different influences influences on behavior advocates advocates the _____ perspective. perspective. 86. The disadvantage disadvantage of correlational correlational studies studies is that they do not allow a researcher to determine determine _____. 87. In a(n) _____, the researcher researcher assigns assigns groups to different different treatments treatments and looks at the results. 88. Cross-secti Cross-sectional onal studies tell researchers researchers about differences differences between between or among _____. 89. The volunteers volunteers who remain in a longitudinal longitudinal study for years tend to be a(n) _____ group, much much better than average. 90. When researchers sample groups of people, use objective measures such as questionnaires, and rely on “numbers” or statistics to find answers, these scientists are conducting _____. 91. Geronto Gerontolog logist istss study: study: A) evo evolution. on. B) genes. C) diseas diseases es of of the the ancie ancient nt wor world ld.. D) aging.


92. What What area area of of the the lifespan lifespan did scientists study last? A) chil child d deve develo lo pment B) adu adult de develo pment C) ger gerontology ogy D) pren prenat atal al dev development 93. Researc Researchers hers stud studying development a century ago MOST likely would focus on which life stage? A) chil child d deve develo lo pment B) adu adult de develo pment C) ger gerontology ogy D) pren prenat atal al dev development 94. A developm developmenta entall scientist might study all of these topics EXCEPT: A) pare parent ntin ing g pr actices and how they affect normal child development. B) cros crosss-cul -cultu tur r al al concepts about the right age to toilet train children. C) emot emotiional development during adult life. D) trav travel el and and its its economic impact on a nation's wealth. 95. A developm developmenta entallist might study all of these topics EXCEPT: A) when ch childr en reach milestones such as walking or puberty. B) what drug drugss work best for people with schizophrenia. C) what ha happens to people after they reach retirement. D) how how an individual's personality may change over time. 96. Which Which is is NOT NOT a normative transition? A) Mary be begins kindergarten at age 5. B) Sara has a child child when she is in her twenties. C) Josephi phine has a terrible car accident at age 18. D) Manu anuel ret retiires at age 65. 97. 97. Whic Which h is is a normative transition? A) puberty B) divorce C) sleep sleepin ing g in bed with with a child child D) livin living g thro through ugh a reces recessi sion on 98. Which person's person's statement statement is referring referring to his or her her cohort? A) “We live live in in the same same area area of of the count country. ry.”” B) “We play tennis tennis toget together her every every week.” week.” C) “We were were born born arou around nd the the same same time.” time.” D) “We are of the the same same ethnic ethnic group group.” .” 99. A cohort cohort refe refers rs to a: A) grou group p of of fri frien ends ds.. B) group group of people people who who were were born born around around the the same same time. time. C) fami family ly grou group. p. D) group group of people people who live live in the the same neigh neighbor borhood hood.. 100. When Aracelly Aracelly tells you she is a baby boomer, Aracelly Aracelly is referring referring to her _____. A) society B) cohort C) income D) gender 101. Millennial, Millennial, Generation Generation X, and Baby Boomer are terms terms that refer to a person's: A) soci social al clas classs. B) cohort. C) society. D) grou group p of of fri frien ends ds.. 102. Which person is is NOT a baby boomer? boomer? A) Cesar, Cesar, who who was was in colleg collegee during during the late late 1960s 1960s B) Call Callis ista ta,, who who is 65 C) Cami Cami,, who who is 40 D) Corrin Corrine, e, who who is about about to to retir retiree


103.. Which 103 Which person person MOST MOST likely is a baby boomer? A) Selm elma, who is ho is about to turn 65 B) Kimiko, wh who is in her late seventies C) Kevin, wh who became a grandpa last year D) Tan, who just got his Ph.D. 104.. All are true 104 true of th the baby-boom cohort EXCEPT that they: A) are are lar larger ger size-wise size-wise than other living cohorts. B) were bo born in the years after World War I. C) cha change nged society as they moved through life. D) are no now en entering later life. 105.. All are true 105 true of th the baby boomers EXCEPT that they: A) were te teenag nagers during the late 1960s. B) are are en entering their young-old years. C) are are an incre credibly large cohort. D) hav have ha had li little impact on Western society. 106.. Today, 106 Today, the babybaby- boom boom cohort is: A) in th the aag ging phase of life. B) old-old. C) almost co com pletely dead. D) all all in in mi middle dle age. 107.. Which 107 Which perso person n is NOT is NOT a member of the baby-boom cohort? A) David, who was born in 1946 after his dad returned from World War II B) Adrianna, na, who entered college at age 18, during the late 1960s C) Lynnette who who was born during the Great Depression D) Liang ang, wh who retired in 2013 at age 63 108. A woman woman who says says she is is a baby boomer: boomer: A) grew grew up up duri during ng Wor World ld War War II. II. B) grew grew up dur durin ing g the the 198 1980s 0s.. C) reached reached her her teens teens duri during ng the the 1960s 1960s or 1970 1970s. s. D) reache reached d her teen teenss in the the 1980 1980s. s. 109. Childhood Childhood got longer because of: A) schooli schooling— ng—the the need need for for more more educa educatio tion. n. B) economi economicc pressur pressures— es—the the need need for kids kids to stay stay at home. home. C) biology— biology—chil childre dren n reaching reaching pubert puberty y at younger younger ages. ages. D) family family change changes—m s—more ore single single-pa -parent rent moms moms.. 110. When José is explaining some historical facts about childhood, he would MOST likely say that in previous centuries people: A) cared more more about about nurturin nurturing g children children than than people people do today. B) cared cared more about about childh childhood ood educat education ion than than people people do today. today. C) were were define defined d as adults adults right right after after coll college. ege. D) engaged engaged in activ activiti ities es viewed viewed today today as child child abuse. abuse. 111. The modern modern “caring” view of of childhood was was NOT influenced influenced by: A) the writings writings Locke Locke and Roussea Rousseau, u, who felt felt childhood childhood was was a special special period. period. B) medical advances which dramatically dramatically reduced infant mortality. mortality. C) the need need for for child children ren to to receiv receivee an educat education. ion. D) advanc advances es in in birt birth h cont contro rol. l. 112. Over the centuries centuries,, childhood childhood has become much: much: A) longer. B) more more dif difficu ficult lt C) more more stre stress ssfu ful. l. D) simpler. 113. For people born in the eighteenth eighteenth century, all of the following following are true EXCEPT that that they would: A) be far more likely to die during early childhood childhood than than today. today. B) be far far less less likely likely to to go to school school than than today today.. C) begin begin their their “adult “adult life” life” at a far far younger younger age age than than today. today. D) have have an an adol adoles esce cenc nce. e.


114.. Carlos 114 Carlos,, in his his tw twenties, is trying to decide on a career. Carlos is in the life stage called: A) emer emerg ging ad adulthood. B) wander dering adulthood. C) immaturity. D) pos post adol adoles esccence. 115.. All are true 115 true of emerging emerging adulthood EXCEPT that it: A) ref refers ers to the the time from age 18 through the late twenties. B) is the time when people explore their place in the adult world. C) came into being because people now live for a long time. D) tend ends to to be be a very unhappy life stage. 116.. If There 116 Therese se is is in her eighties, she is _____. A) old-old B) a ne new senior citizen C) in ea early ol old age D) an emerging adult ng adult 117.. The age to whic 117 which h people have a fifty-fifty chance of surviving is their _____. A) ulti ultima mate te lif life expectancy B) maximum li lifespan C) stat statis isti tica call li life span D) pred predic icta tabl blee lifespan; ultimate lifespan 118.. All are true 118 true of of the the twentieth century life-expectancy revolution EXCEPT that it: A) was cau caussed by ed by dramatic medical advances in cu ring infectious disease. B) occ occurr urred in the first half of the twentieth century. C) all allowed peo ple to live beyond the maximum lifespan. D) all allowed most people to live to “the aging phase of life.” 119. The twentieth-centu twentieth-century ry life-expectancy life-expectancy revolution revolution occurred when scientists scientists were able to: A) cure or or prevent prevent many many infect infectious ious diseas diseases. es. B) slow slow the progre progress ss of many many chroni chronicc diseas diseases. es. C) make inroads inroads in curi curing ng heart heart diseas disease. e. D) allow allow people people to live live happier happier lives. lives. 120. Which age group has benefited MOST from the disease-control advances that produced the twentieth-century life-expectancy revolution? A) youn young g chil childr dren en B) adult adultss in in the their ir thirt thirtie iess C) midl midlif ifee adu adult ltss D) elde elderl rly y peop people le 121. Deaths from from heart disease are much more more common today than a century ago because people people are: A) livi living ng muc much h long longer er.. B) not taking taking good good care of their their bodies. bodies. C) work workin ing g hard harder er.. D) unde underr mor moree str stres ess. s. 122. Sara is describing some effects of the twentieth-century twentieth-century life-expectancy revolution. Which statement is NOT correct? A) “People today are unlikely unlikely to die of infectious infectious diseases.” diseases.” B) “People “People today today often often live beyond beyond the the maximum maximum lifespa lifespan.” n.” C) “People “People today today expect expect to to surviv survivee beyond beyond youth. youth.”” D) “People “People today today are are apt to die of of heart heart disease disease and and cancer.” cancer.” 123. Ali is discussing discussing the young-old. young-old. Which statement statement is NOT correct? correct? A) “They “They are in in their their sixti sixties es and and sevent seventies ies.” .” B) “They “They are ofte often n healt healthy hy.” .” C) “They “They may say say they they look look and and feel feel middle middle aged. aged.”” D) “They “They are are in their their late late fiftie fifties.” s.” 124. The main difference difference between between the young-old young-old and the old-old old-old is: A) health. B) wisdom. C) disc discri rimi mina nati tion on.. D) the cli clima mate te in in which which they they liv live. e.


125.. If Phill 125 Phillip ip is descr descr ibing ibing the young-old, he should say: A) “They ar are far more likely to be healthy than the old-old.” B) “They are in their fifties.” C) “They we were born during the Great Depression.” D) “Th “They cl clear ly define themselves as senior citizens.” 126.. If some 126 someone one says says,, “My grandma is old-old,” all of the following are apt to be true of this grandmother EXCEPT that she is: A) in he her lat latee seventies seventies or beyond. B) more li likely to be frail. C) more li likely to live in a nursing home. D) a re recent ent new grandparent. ew grandparent. 127.. All are 1960s 127 1960s lif estyle changes in the United States EXCEPT: A) many more divorces. B) men do doing much more housework and childcare. C) women fu fully moving into the workforce. D) more ri rigid ideas about how adults should behave. 128.. The main 128 main conse conseq quence of the lifestyle revolution of the 1960s is greater: A) freedo edom in in lifestyle lifestyle choices. B) hap happines ness. C) unh unhappi ppiness in the 1960s. D) obesity. 129.. Which 129 Which event event does does NOT relate to the lifestyle revolution of the 1960s? A) deat deaths hs shif shifti ting ng from infectious to chronic disease B) the wo women's movement C) incr ncreases ases in divorce D) incr increa easses in unmarried in unmarried motherhood 130. What phenomenon phenomenon is NOT NOT related to the social social media revolution? revolution? A) on-l on-lin inee bul bully lyin ing g B) socia cial me media C) sexting D) incre increas ased ed longe longevi vity ty 131. Social media media transformed transformed U.S. lifestyl lifestyles es around the: A) 1960s. B) 1980s. C) early early yea years rs of of this this cent centur ury. y. D) last last two two or or thr three ee year years. s. 132. Joe is discussing the causes of the Great Recession of 2008. All of the following comments about that event are correct EXCEPT: A) “It began with with a bursting bursting of a housing housing bubble—and bubble—and a dramatic dramatic decline in real real estate estate prices.” prices.” B) “It cause caused d strapp strapped ed consum consumers ers to to spend spend less.” less.” C) “It produce produced d wide widespr spread ead layoff layoffs.” s.” D) “Its effects effects were mainly mainly confined confined to the northern northern United United States.” States.” 133. The Great Great Recession Recession of 2008 2008 led to: to: A) a huge huge incr increas easee in divo divorce rce.. B) less less inco income me inequ inequali ality ty.. C) an earl earlie ierr adul adulth thoo ood. d. D) less faith in the the belief belief that that hard work brings success. success. 134.. “Incom 134 “Incomee inequalit inequality” y” refers to the widening income gap between: A) the very very rich rich (1 percent) and the the rest rest of the population population.. B) the the youn young g and and old. old. C) minor minoriti ities es and and every everyon onee else. else. D) wom women and and men men.. 135. What question question would a person ask to BEST understand understand someone's someone's socioeconomic socioeconomic status? A) “What “What is your educatio education n level level?” ?” B) “Wha “Whatt is your your medi medical cal his histo tory ry?” ?” C) “Wha “Whatt is you yourr incom income?” e?” D) “What is your your education education level?” and “What “What is is your income?” income?”


136.. All of the 136 the follo follow wing statements relate to a person's socioeconomic status, EXCEPT: A) “He “He is is ear earning over $300,000 year.” B) “He “He is livi iving under the poverty line.” C) “She has a Ph.D.” D) “Sh “She jus justt tu turned 65.” 137.. Which 137 Which natio nation n is a developed country? A) Zaire B) Pakistan C) Indonesia D) Japan 138.. “This 138 “This count country ry ha has a high median income and high life-expectancy.” This statement describes a(n): A) prim primit itiv ivee society. society. B) dev develo eloping nation. C) dev develo eloped nation. D) indi indivi vidu dual alis istic tic society. 139.. Mariah 139 Mariah says, says, “O bedience to family comes first.” Obi says, “Honesty and indepe ndence are my main values in life.” Compared to Obi's Obi's cultural worldview, Mariah's cultural worldview is _____. A) narc narcis issi sisstic tic B) caring C) coll collec ecti tivi vist st D) indi indivi vidu dual alis istic tic 140. In colle collectiv ctivist ist cu cultures, people tend to: A) valu valuee thei theirr own needs over the good of the community. B) liv live in in in inter generational families. C) car care gr greatly about personal success. D) want want to succeed succeed econom economica ically lly above above all else else in life. life. 141. In individualisti individualisticc cultures, cultures, people tend to prioritize: prioritize: A) arrang arranged ed marr marria iages ges.. B) inde indepe pend nden ence ce.. C) obe obedienc ence. D) suppr suppres essi sing ng feeli feeling ngs. s. 142. Who has the the MOST individual individualistic istic worldvie worldview? w? A) Pedro, who who puts his college college plans plans on hold because because his grandparen grandparents ts are ill and he he feels “family “family comes first” first” B) Kim, who who is preparing preparing for her wedding wedding to Jules, Jules, the man man her parents parents picked to be be her husband husband C) Marta, who who wants to go go to school to become become a doctor, doctor, but will will easily give give up this plan plan to preserve preserve family harmony, harmony, if if her father and brothers object D) Dimitrios, Dimitrios, who wants wants to raise raise his daughters daughters to be self-s self-sufficie ufficient nt and to openly openly speak their their minds 143. The nation with with the LEAST collectiv collectivist ist worldview worldview is: A) the the Uni Unite ted d Sta State tes. s. B) India. C) China. D) Bang Bangla lade desh sh.. 144. Emerging Emerging adults from collectivist collectivist cultures cultures have all of the following following tendencies EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) being being more more reticent reticent about about shar sharing ing feeli feelings ngs.. B) not wanti wanting ng to leave leave home home to go go to colle college. ge. C) placing enormous enormous value value on subordina subordinating ting personal personal needs to to the group. group. D) wanting to live live independen independently tly from their families. families. 145. Ata has a collectivist worldview and Maya has an individualistic worldview. Which statement is NOT a good prediction about Ata and Maya? A) Ata values values obed obedienc iencee more more than than Maya. Maya. B) Maya values values indep independe endence nce more more than than Ata. Ata. C) Maya values values selfself-ass assert ertion ion more more than than Ata. Ata. D) Ata Ata is mor moree unhap unhappy py than than Maya Maya.. 146. Which of these these people people is likely to to live the longest? longest? A) Donald, Donald, a farme farmerr in the U.S. U.S. Midw Midwest est B) Raquel, Raquel, who who works works in a factor factory y in the the Hondur Honduras as C) Abdul, Abdul, who runs runs a sho shop p in Morocco Morocco D) Delun, Delun, a thir third-gr d-grade ade teach teacher, er, in in Canada Canada


147.. As of 147 of 2015, 2015, whic which h is the largest U.S. minority group? A) Asian Amer icans icans B) Latinos C) Blacks D) Ameri erican Indians 148.. Data 148 Data about about the population in the United States indicates that in 2040 there will be many more _____. A) Latinos B) whites C) American Indians Indians D) African can Americans 149.. Each 149 Each major major ethni ethnic minority group in the United States is: A) very very sim similar ilar . B) composed of of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews. C) becoming more isolated. D) grow growiing dr dramatically as a fraction of the U.S. population. 150.. Imagin 150 Imaginee it's it's 2040 2040 in in the United States. People are apt to see all of the following changes EXCEPT more: A) Lati Latino no adul adultts. B) old old-old peo ple. C) bir biracial and multiracial nd multiracial people. D) middle dle-aged people. 151.. The statem 151 statement, ent, “Women are better than men at doing housework” is an example of a: A) scie scient ntif ific ic finding. finding. B) stereot eotype. C) marketi eting strategy used by industry. D) univ univer ersa sall tr ait. 152. Gender differenc differences es in attitudes attitudes and lifestyles: lifestyles: A) are main mainly ly biol biologi ogical cal.. B) are main mainly ly shap shaped ed by by socie society ty.. C) are shaped shaped by biol biology ogy and societ society. y. D) stay stay the the sam samee over over tim time. e. 153. Which statemen statementt about the lifespan lifespan is MOST MOST true? true? A) Most people's people's lives lives are the the same, same, no matter matter where where in the world world they they live. B) Throughout Throughout history, history, people's people's day-to-day day-to-day lives lives have not changed changed much no matter matter where where in the world world they live. live. C) Mos Mostt ideas ideas about about proper proper human human behavio behaviorr are univers universal. al. D) The human lifespan lifespan varies varies dramatically dramatically depending depending on cohort, socioecono socioeconomic mic status, status, cultural background, background, and gender. gender. 154. Theories Theories in developmental developmental science: A) predict predict why why peopl peoplee act the way they do. B) tell tell about about only only gene genetic tic tra trait its. s. C) are only useful useful in isolate isolated d cases cases.. D) involve involve condu conductin cting g statis statistica ticall tests. tests. 155. If Dr. Im believes in a nurture explanation of development, she might make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “Personality “Personality depends on how people are treated treated during during infancy.” infancy.” B) “Gender differences differences in in friendship friendship styles are programme programmed d at birth.” birth.” C) “Good teachers teachers can can raise intellig intelligence ence test test scores in children children from from impoverished impoverished homes.” D) “With effort, effort, people people can be anything they want want to be in life.” life.” 156. Which comment comment would would be made by a behaviori behaviorist? st? A) “I can explain human behavior by looking looking at the reinforcers.” reinforcers.” B) “I want want to underst understand and peopl people's e's inner inner motiv motivatio ations. ns.”” C) “Each “Each person person perceiv perceives es realit reality y differen differently. tly.”” D) “Human “Human behav behavior ior is is very very compli complicate cated.” d.” 157. According According to B. F. Skinner, Skinner, behaviors behaviors that are _____ will will be learned. A) stopped B) rein einforced ced C) observed D) ben benefi eficia cial


158.. At the 158 the mall, mall, JoJo JoJo sees a big lollipop and asks her father to get it. When her father says “no,” JoJo falls to the floor, kicking and screaming. After After ignoring JoJo's tantrum for a few minutes, her father gives in and buys the lollipop. JoJo immediately becomes quiet. A traditional A traditional behaviorist observing this scene would make all of the following comments EXCEPT: A) “JoJ “JoJo o ha has le learned 'If I scream long enough, I will be reinforced.'” B) “If “If th the fa father her had ignored JoJo's tantrum, the screaming would extinguish.” C) “JoJ “JoJo o is basically asically a bad girl.” D) “The “The fath father er has put JoJo on a variable reinforcement schedule, which should cause huge problems the next time they visit the mall!” mall!” 159. Which Which state statemen mentt refers to a variable reinforcement schedule? A) Somet ometiimes I get “A”s when I study and sometimes I don't. So if I happen not to get an “A” on this test, I know I have to keep studying studying and eventually I will succeed. B) If I don't n't get an “A” on this test, I will give up. C) If I get an “A” on this test, I'm a genius. D) I lov lovee tea teacchers who give mainly “A”s. 160.. Which 160 Which is is NOT NOT an an example of operant conditioning? A) When hen Tiffany cries, the family gives her attention, so she has learned to cry a lot. B) Bao gi gives her husband a kiss when he does yard work, so now he mows the grass every few days. C) After a car car accident, a person refuses to drive. D) A child who loves the food that he watches his friends eat. 161. If a trad traditio itional nal be behaviorist notices that a nursing home resident's memory has seriously declined, this person MOST likely would say that the the resident: A) is n not ot being reinforced ng reinforced for remembering anything. B) has has devel veloped Alzheimer's disease. C) is bein eing overmedicated. vermedicated. D) is lo lonel nely an and depressed. 162. A behaviorist behaviorist might give all of the following following childrearing childrearing tips EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) “Pay attentio attention n to good behavior behaviors.” s.” B) “Be consiste consistent. nt. Never Never reward reward a child child who acts inappropriatel inappropriately.” y.” C) “Don't “Don't pay pay attentio attention n to a child child who who is acting acting up.” up.” D) “Give “Give a child child total total,, uncondi unconditio tional nal love. love.”” 163. Imagine that a couple visits a behavioral therapist for marital treatment. The psychologist MOST likely would: A) train the the couple to to increase increase the reinforcin reinforcing g comments comments they say to one another. another. B) encourage encourage the individuals individuals to explore explore their inner motivations. motivations. C) comment on the the individuals' individuals' early childhood childhood experiences. experiences. D) help the the individuals individuals understand understand their their unconsci unconscious ous motives motives.. 164. A behaviorist behaviorist is giving childrearing childrearing advice. advice. Which tip is this person LEAST LEAST likely to give? A) Ignore bad bad behavior behavior (or don't don't reinforce reinforce it) it) by paying paying attention attention to a child. child. B) Pay attention attention when when a child does something something positive positive and reinforce reinforce a child child for good good behavior. behavior. C) To encourage encourage a child to persist persist at an activity, activity, reinforce reinforce the the child everytime every time he performs that action. D) To discipline discipline a child, child, be consist consistent. ent. Never Never give in in because the child whines. whines. 165. Link statements statements (1), (1), (2), and (3) to the correct correct behavioral behavioral terms. (1) “Sometimes when I study, I get “A”s and sometimes I don't. So I keep plugging along.” (2) “Even though I failed this test, I know I'm a terrific student. So I keep studying because I have faith in myself.” (3) “I watched my brother studying; that's how I learned to study hard.” A) (1) = high high self-efficac self-efficacy; y; (2) = modeling; modeling; (3) = variable variable reinforcement reinforcement schedule schedule B) (1) = variable variable reinforce reinforcement ment schedule; schedule; (2) (2) = high high self-efficacy self-efficacy;; (3) = modeling modeling C) (1) = reinforcement; reinforcement; (2) = variable schedule; schedule; (3) = modeling modeling D) (1) = variable variable reinforcem reinforcement ent schedule; schedule; (2) = modeling; modeling; (3) = high self-eff self-efficacy icacy 166. A cognitive behaviorist MOST likely would make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “Cognitive “Cognitive behaviorists behaviorists predict predict behavior behavior by looking looking at a person's person's feelings feelings of competence. competence.”” B) “Human “Human beings beings learn learn by watching watching and and imitati imitating ng people. people.”” C) “Human beings learn only when when they they are given concrete concrete rewards.” rewards.” D) “The best best way to to change change behavior behavior is to change change people's people's thoughts. thoughts.”” 167. Jorge is an 8-year-old boy. According to social learning theory, which person would Jorge be MOST likely to model? A) Maria, Maria, a 4-year 4-year-ol -old d girl who who lives lives down down the street street B) Uncle Pedro, who is is incredibl incredibly y kind and involved involved with Jorge C) Mr. Taylo Taylor, r, the the principa principall at the high high schoo schooll in town town D) Spot Spot,, Jor Jorge ge's 's dog dog


168.. At age 72, Phylli 168 Phylliss is very reluctant to go to the local senior center. A behaviorist might make all of the following statements about this issue EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) “Phy “Phyll llis is is emotionally disturbed.” B) “Ph “Phyllis is is not not being reinforced for attending the program.” C) “Ph “Phyllis may have low efficacy feelings with regard to making new friends.” D) “Th “The se senio nior center should develop more reinforcing activities for older adults like Phyllis.” 169.. Which 169 Which perso person n is NOT is NOT showing high self-efficacy? A) Annie en enrolls in a challenging Italian course. B) Pet Petra au auditions for a starring role in a local play. C) Maur aurice lik es to stretch his physical capacities by rock climbing. D) Cris Crista ta only only interacts with people she knows well because she is shy. 170.. With 170 With regard regard to st studying, link the examples to the following: (1) modeling and (2) self-efficacy. A) (1) “My “My best friend studies and makes good grades, so I am inspired to study.” (2) “I know I can do well academically, so I study a lot.” B) (1) “I know I can do well academically, so I study a lot.” (2) “My best friend studies and makes good grades, so I am inspired to study.” study.” C) (1) “Th “The last ast test I studied for I got an A, so I'll study for this one too.” (2) “I'm in the habit of studying.” D) (1) “I “I ha hate studying.”(2) studying.”(2) “I love studying.” 171.. Joanna 171 Joanna gets a “C” “C” on her first test and then decides to work very hard because she believes that with extra effort she can succeed in class. According class. According to cognitive behaviorists, Joanna has: A) high high self self--ef ficacy. B) good ego strength. C) goo good gene enetics. D) high high self self-e -essteem. 172.. Which 172 Which state statemen mentt would a behaviorist NOT make: A) “A person person can can succeed succeed if if he or she she tries tries hard.” hard.” B) “People can succeed succeed if they are are rewarded rewarded by the teacher teacher for doing well.” well.” C) “People can succeed succeed if their parents parents encourage encourage them to try to do their their best.” best.” D) “A person person can succeed succeed only if he or she she gets a high score score on an intellig intelligence ence test.” test.” 173. Daniel gets an “A” on his developmental psych test and Eva gets a “C.” Which conclusion is NOT one a behaviorist might make? A) Eva may may have low self-ef self-efficacy ficacy with regard to this this class. class. B) Daniel Daniel is is more more genetic genetically ally gifted gifted than than Eva. Eva. C) Eva may not have have been reinfor reinforced ced for doing well well in school in the past. D) Daniel may have have been reinfor reinforced ced for doing well well in school in the past. 174. A psychoanalytic psychoanalytic theorist theorist might make all of the following following statements statements EXCEPT: A) “Personality “Personality depends depends on how how parents parents treat treat a child during during early early childhood.” childhood.” B) “Personality “Personality is is shaped shaped by unconsci unconscious ous feelings feelings stemming stemming from from childhood.” childhood.” C) “Self-underst “Self-understanding anding is the key key to a successfu successfull life.” life.” D) “People' “People'ss behav behavior ior is rationa rational.” l.” 175. If a person visits a psychoanalytic therapist for treatment, that therapist MOST likely would: would: A) discuss discuss early early childh childhood ood exper experienc iences. es. B) identif identify y the reinf reinforce orcers rs shapi shaping ng behavi behaviors ors.. C) be given given homewor homework k exercises exercises to employ employ between sessions. sessions. D) receive receive self-e self-effi fficacy cacy trainin training. g. 176. A husband and wife wife go to a psychologist for therapy. If this mental health professional is psychoanalytically oriented, the therapist MOST likely would focus on: A) increas increasing ing the posit positive ive commen comments ts spouse spousess make. make. B) understanding understanding the unconscious unconscious motivati motivations ons from childhood childhood that are are keeping this couple couple from relating relating well. C) increas increasing ing the the couple's couple's effi efficacy cacy feeli feelings ngs.. D) provi providi ding ng medi medicat catio ions ns.. 177. All are goals of psychoanal psychoanalytic ytic treatment treatment EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) prom promot oting ing ego stren strengt gth. h. B) promotin promoting g self-u self-under ndersta standin nding. g. C) understanding understanding one's childhood childhood motivations motivations and feelings. feelings. D) changi changing ng the the rein reinfo force rcers rs..


178.. If a 178 A) B) C) D)

psycho psychoanal analy yst labels a person as having a “strong ego,” that individual will MOST likely feel: com complemented for being told she is mentally healthy. angry by being called a narcissist. puz puzzle zled bec because the therapist hasn't mentioned the id. anx anxious ous bec because the superego is most important in development.

179.. Yael 179 Yael has has coped coped very well with serious life stresses. A psychoanalytic theorist would say Yael's behavior shows: A) high high self self--ef ficacy. B) good ego strength. C) pos positive motivation. D) high high self self-e -essteem. 180.. When 180 When Freud Freud said said, “Where id there was, ego there will be,” he was referring to the goal of psychoanalytic treatment. When Freud used the term term “libido,” he was referring to: A) sexua xual im impulses driving behavior. B) the goal oal of psychoanalytic treatment. C) feel eelings of love love for the therapist. D) a tran transf sfer er of unconscious impulses. 181.. Which 181 Which is is the the cor cor rect rect order of Freud's psychosexual stages? A) anal anal,, oral oral,, phallic B) oral oral,, an anal, phallic phallic C) phal phalli lic, c, oral oral,, anal D) anal anal,, pha phall llic ic,, oral 182.. Baby 182 Baby Chiar Chiaraa just just turned turned one year old. According to Freud, Chiara is in the _____ stage. A) oral B) anal C) phallic D) bas basic tr trust 183. Both psychoanalyti psychoanalyticc theorists and attachment attachment theorists theorists believe: believe: A) early caregiving caregiving experience experiencess determine determine adult mental health. B) nurture nurture is the the only only influenc influencee shaping shaping human human behavi behavior. or. C) reinfor reinforcer cerss determ determine ine how how peopl peoplee act. act. D) genetic geneticss determ determines ines how people people behave. behave. 184. Which advice advice would an attachment attachment theorist theorist give to a new mom? A) “Don't spoil your baby by giving her too too much much attention.” attention.” B) “Human beings need to be independent. independent. Don't let your your baby get too attached.” attached.” C) “Once “Once your your baby baby begins begins to walk, walk, try try to leave leave him him alone. alone.”” D) “Give your your baby a lot lot of love, love, so he will will have loving relation relationships ships later later in life.” life.” 185. Attachment Attachment theory theory BEST BEST explains explains why: why: A) kids kids lear learn n to hit hit a bas baseba eball ll.. B) people people grieve grieve over the death death of a spo spouse. use. C) a third-grade third-graderr believes believes that that she she can do well well in math class. D) a child child cleans cleans his his room room after after his mother mother nags nags him. him. 186. Dr. Schatzman Schatzman is a fan of attachment attachment theory. Which Which statement is he LEAST likely likely to make? A) “The way parents treat children children during during infancy infancy determines determines adult adult mental mental health.” health.” B) “The attachment attachment response response is biologica biologically lly programmed programmed to come come out when babies babies start start to walk.” C) “People need to have a significant significant other other during during every every stage stage of life.” life.” D) “It's “It's unhealt unhealthy hy to get get too attac attached hed to peopl people.” e.” 187. Which statement statement would would an attachment attachment theorist theorist be MOST likely likely to make? A) “Humans need unconditi unconditional onal love love in the first first year of of life.” life.” B) “People “People need reinfo reinforce rcement ment for for acting acting appropri appropriatel ately.” y.” C) “Children “Children need the right right environment environment to express express their their genetic genetic talents.” talents.” D) “Children “Children need need severe severe disciplin disciplinee in order to behave behave well.” well.” 188. ______ look at the genetic genetic tendencies tendencies that humans humans share as a species. species. A) Evolu Evoluti tion onar ary y psyc psychol holog ogis ists ts B) Behav Behavior ioral al genet genetici icist stss C) Tradi Traditi tion onal al beha behavi vior oris ists ts D) Behavior Behavioral al genetic genetic resear researcher cher


189.. Dr. Chuang 189 Chuang is an an evolutionary psychologist. Which research paper is she MOST likely to have written? A) “The “The eff effects ects of of experimenter praise on participant accuracy in a card-selection task” B) “The im impact of parental modeling on children's performance of household chores” C) “Cha “Chan nges in efficacy feelings with age” D) “Bio “Biolo logi gica callly built-in mate preferences among males versus females” 190.. An evol 190 evoluti utionar onary y psychologist MOST likely would say that to understand behavio r, one should look to: A) whethe ther a tr ait increases the chance of human survival. B) a pe person's re reinforcers. C) an indiv dividual's efficacy feelings. D) how how pa parents raise their children. 191.. Tanish 191 Tanishaa gets gets “C” “C”ss and “D”s in math while Freddie always gets “A”s. In understanding these differences, an evolutionary theorist would be interested be interested in whether: A) the there aarre ge genetic variations between individuals in math abilities. B) Fredd eddie has been reinforced more than Tanisha for performing well in math. C) math ath abi abillities are biologically built into being male. D) math math abil abilit itiies can be increased by stimulating efficacy feelings. 192.. Which 192 Which is is the the mai main n difference between an evolutionary psychologist and a behavioral geneticist? A) Evol Evolut utio iona nar r y psychologists speculate about the genetic basis of traits that are common to all human beings; behavioral geneticists conduct conduct research on the genetics of human differences. B) Evolu olutionar nar y psychologists conduct research on the genetics of human differences; behavioral geneticists speculate about the genetic genetic basis of traits that are common to all human beings. C) Evolu olutionar nar y psychologists focus on nature; behavioral geneticists believe mainly in nurture. D) Evol Evolut utio iona nar r y psychologists believe mainly in nurture; behavioral geneticists focus on nature. 193.. The term “mono 193 “monozygotic” zygotic” refers to identical twins, but “dizygotic” twins are _____. A) identical B) unrelated C) fraternal D) indi indivi vidu duat ated ed 194. The women in a math class tend to do worse than the men. A behavioral genetic researcher would be interested in exploring: A) to what what degree degree these individual individual differe differences nces are genetic. genetic. B) whether teachers reinforce reinforce males males more more for perform performing ing well well in math. math. C) whether math abilitie abilitiess are biologically biologically built built into into being being male. male. D) whether males have higher higher math self-ef self-efficacy ficacy than females. females. 195. The women in Andre's math class tend to do worse than the men. An evolutionary theorist would MOST likely be interested in exploring: A) to what what degree degree these individual individual differe differences nces are genetic. genetic. B) whether teachers reinforce reinforce males males more more for perform performing ing well well in math. math. C) whether math abilitie abilitiess are biologically biologically built built into into being being male. male. D) whether males have higher higher math self-ef self-efficacy ficacy than females. females. 196. If someone someone says that the heritabilit heritability y of a trait is high, that trait trait is: A) mainly mainly genetica genetically lly determ determined ined.. B) mainly mainly environ environment mentall ally y dete determi rmined. ned. C) two-th two-third irdss heredity heredity and one-t one-thir hird d environm environment. ent. D) 25 percent percent envir environm onmenta entall and 75 percent percent geneti genetic. c. 197. Which is is the highest highest heritabili heritability ty score? score? A) 0.4 B) 0.65 C) –0.7 D) 0.28 198. If the heritability heritability of an intelligence intelligence quotient (IQ) score score is 0.75, people should conclude conclude that: A) three-f three-four ourths ths of of IQ scor scores es are are geneti genetic. c. B) IQ scores scores are are about about the same same wherever wherever a perso person n lives. lives. C) IQ scor scores es are are mos mostl tly y genet genetic. ic. D) IQ score scoress are are mostl mostly y enviro environmen nmental tal.. 199. Dr. Patel is a behavioral behavioral geneticist. geneticist. He would be LEAST likely to conduct a study that compares: compares: A) identical identical twins twins and fratern fraternal al twins' twins' test test scores scores on risk risk taking. taking. B) adopted children' children'ss personalitie personalitiess to the personal personalities ities of of their biologic biological al parents. parents. C) childrea childrearin ring g practice practicess in India India and the the United United States. States. D) pairs of of identical identical twins twins raised raised apart apart and reunited reunited in adulthood adulthood..


200.. Accord 200 According ing to the the Swedish Swedish twin adoption study, _____ is the most heritable ability. A) sexu sexual al orie orien ntation B) gen genera eral in intelligence C) mechan chaniical ability D) poli politi tica call af aff iliation iliation 201.. When 201 When Dr. Dr. Herna Hernandez ndez compares happiness in a sample of fraternal and identical twins, she finds fraternal twins' scores on this trait differ a great great deal, while identical twins' scores are virtually “the same.” Dr. Hernandez would conclude that happiness is: A) mainl inly gen geneetic. B) mainly nly envi nvironmental. C) due to ou our u pbringing. D) grea greate terr for identical twins than fraternal twins. 202.. Which 202 Which is a twin/ twin/adoption adoption study? A) A re research archeer compares the personalities of identical twins separated at birth, adopted into different families and reunited as adults. B) A research archeer compares an adopted child's personality with the personalities of her biological and adoptive parents. C) A researche cher adopts a child who is a twin. D) A re researche cher gives birth to twins and gives them up for adoption. 203.. When 203 When resea research rcher er s conducted twin and adoption studies, they discovered that: A) gen geneti etics wa was surprisingly influential in shaping a variety of behaviors. B) the env environment was surprisingly influential in shaping a variety of behaviors. C) most tr traits were 50 percent genetic and 50 percent environmental. D) most most trai traits ts were 75 percent genetic and 25 percent environmental. 204.. Which 204 Which qual quality ity has has nothing to do with genetics? A) reli religi giou ouss ten tendencies dencies B) poli politi tica call view viewss C) the tende tendency ncy to dri drink nk to to exces excesss D) wher wheree a perso person n is is bor born n 205. Rosario adopts a child and then meets the child's biological parents. Generalizing from the behavioral genetic findings, Rosario's child is apt to be more like: A) Rosario. B) the biolo biologi gical cal paren parents ts.. C) either Rosario Rosario or the child's child's biological biological parents, parents, depending depending on what what is being being tested. tested. D) about about 50 perce percent nt of the the time, time, like like Rosa Rosario rio.. 206. Which is an evocative evocative heredity/environm heredity/environment ent relationship? relationship? A) Kerry is is crabby when she she wakes up, so her her husband husband makes an an effort effort to cheer her up. B) Josh is always smiling, smiling, but his his mother mother can't underst understand and what he's so happy about. about. C) When things things don't go go Ian's way, way, he loses his his temper. temper. So Ian's family family goes goes out of their their way to help him him calm down. down. D) Alex is an argumentativ argumentativee person, person, so people people are always always fighting fighting with with her. 207. Jocasta put on plays for the neighborhood children in elementary school. school. She gravitated to drama in high school, majored in theater in college, and is now starring on Broadway. The genetic term about behavior that BEST describes Jocasta's career path is _____ forces. A) evocative B) bidi bidire rect ctio iona nall C) evol evolut utio iona nary ry D) active 208. Which is an example of an evocative heredity/environment relationship with with a child genetically prone to be grumpy? A) A child is temperam temperamentally entally grumpy, grumpy, so everyone everyone starts starts yelling yelling at him, him, and he gets even even grumpier. grumpier. B) A mother mother takes takes special special care to to be kind to to her grumpy child. C) A child is is genetically genetically prone prone to be grumpy, grumpy, so so he always always hits other children. children. D) A child shares shares his his biology biology with his parents, parents, so his parents parents are grumpy. 209. Which is is a bidirectional bidirectional relationship? relationship? A) Jorge is is temperament temperamentally ally unpleasan unpleasant, t, so everything everything disturbs disturbs him. B) Ara is temper temperamen amental tally ly unpleas unpleasant, ant, so so people people avoid her. her. C) Sean is temperamentall temperamentally y unpleasant, unpleasant, so he goes into therapy. therapy. D) Kei is temperamentall temperamentally y unpleasant, unpleasant, so she withdraws withdraws to to the house. house.


210. Which Which is an activ activee heredity/environment relationship? A) Oma loves painting, es painting, so she takes many art classes in school. B) Cory's pare arents unwillingly push him into taking art classes. C) Fati atimah get gets rewarded by her parents for enrolling in art. D) Carl co comes from a family of great artists. 211.. Ralph' 211 Ralph'ss grand grandmo mother ther was born in 1925. Ralph was born in 1990. If both Ralph and his grandmother took the intelligence quotient (IQ) test, test, who would MOST likely get more items correct? A) Ralph woul ould get more items correct. B) Ralph' ph's gr grandmother would get more items correct. C) No one ca can make any predictions. D) Both would get the same number of items correct since they are from the same family. 212.. The main 212 main messa messag ge of the text's heredity environment discussion is that: A) peo people ple need eed the right environment to fully express their inborn talents. B) a pe person can overcome every obstacle if he or she tries hard, often enough. C) a pe person can do anything if given the right environment. D) peop people le's 's lif life fate lies totally in their genetic make up. 213.. Which 213 Which example example does NOT refer to promoting the right person-environment fit? A) Alana is is g giif ted ted in music, and so she is sent to an arts camp. B) Adrian gets overwhelmed by stress, and so his parents put him in calm situations. C) Alice is ver y active, and so her teachers give her a lot of outdoor playtime. D) Adam loves ves cooking, and so his father enrolls him in a soccer league. 214.. What 214 What is the chapter's chapter's take away message with regard to nature and nurture? A) Success co comes when the environment is tailored to fit children's strengths. B) As geneti etics is so important, changing the environment doesn't often work. C) It's eas easy y to to separate separate out what is genetic from what is environmental. D) Children Children around the world world have a good good chance of expressing expressing their their genetic genetic gifts. gifts. 215. Which action action does NOT involve providing providing a good person-environ person-environment ment fit? A) A principal principal builds recess recess into into the school day, day, because because she knows kids kids biologically biologically need need to run around. around. B) A town provides provides good public public transportation, transportation, because because the managers managers know if older older people can't drive, drive, they may need to go to a nursing home. C) Regan tries tries to baby baby proof the house house so her 2-year-o 2-year-old ld will not hurt himself. himself. D) Noah gives Ritalin Ritalin to an ADHD child, because because the child child has trouble trouble sitting sitting still in class. class. 216. Which is the BEST conclusion conclusion about the impact impact of nature and nurture on development? development? A) Genetics Genetics totally totally determin determines es how people's people's lives lives turn turn out. out. B) Parents totally determine determine how how children' children'ss lives lives turn out. C) An adult should should push children children into into unfamiliar unfamiliar environmen environments ts to expand the the child's child's potential. potential. D) Adults need need to pick environmen environments ts that bring bring out children's children's inborn inborn genetic genetic abilities abilities and talents. talents. 217. Which example example illustrat illustrates es an epigenetic epigenetic effect? effect? A) A baby who who is born born premature premature is at at risk of of having learning learning problems problems during during life. B) A child whose whose mother mother has learning learning problems problems has these these same same problems problems in school. school. C) A toddler who who comes from from a poor family family is at risk risk of having having learning learning problems problems in school. school. D) An elementary elementary school girl girl whose siblings siblings have learning learning problems problems is at risk of having having these same difficult difficulties. ies. 218. A researcher researcher interested interested in epigenetics would would MOST likely study study the impact of: A) events events in uter utero o on behavi behavior or throug throughout hout life life.. B) breast breast feedi feeding ng on on infan infantt weigh weightt gain. gain. C) reading reading to chil childre dren n in elemen elementar tary y school school grades grades.. D) closeness closeness with with adult adult children children on older older people's people's well-being. well-being. 219. Baby Clara just just turned one year old. According According to Erikson, her life task is _____. _____. A) bas basic tr trust B) ini initiative C) integrity D) autonomy 220. Which is NOT NOT a difference difference between Erikson Erikson and Freud? Freud? A) Freud believed believed that developme development nt ends at age 5, whereas whereas Erikson Erikson believed believed people people develop develop throughout throughout life. B) Freud believed believed sexuality sexuality drives behavior, behavior, whereas whereas Erikson Erikson believed believed an individual's individual's main mission mission is becoming becoming an independent self and having caring relationships. C) Freud believed believed stages of developmen developmentt end after early childhood, childhood, whereas whereas Erikson Erikson believed believed people develop develop into old age. D) Freud childhood childhood is crucially crucially important, important, whereas whereas Erikson Erikson didn't believe believe childhood childhood was important. important.


221.. Erikso 221 Erikson's n's MOST MOST important contribution to human development was: A) spel spelli ling ng out out the principle that people develop throughout the lifespan. B) showing that hat children think and reason differently than adults. C) making Fr Freud's work accessible to the public. D) showing th that human behavior obeys basic laws of learning. 222. For Erikso Erikson, n, eac each h life stage is characterized by a particular: A) soci socioc ocen entr tric ic challenge. challenge. B) cult cultur ural al role role.. C) psy psycho chosocial ial task. D) pros prosoc ocia iall quest. quest. 223.. Piaget 223 Piaget was MOST MOST interested in: A) chil childr dren en's 's reading reading capacities. B) aff affect ection be between mothers and infants. C) you young children's strange ideas about the world. D) iden identi tity ty in teens. 224.. Which 224 Which is is the the BE BEST illustration of Piaget's concept of accommodation? A) Jona Jonass reali ealizzes that his previous way of classifying minority groups masks huge differences in cultures. B) Lydia dia re reali alizes that since she has lived to age 19, she already knows most of the material. C) Ines real ealizes zes that she is not on the same wavelength as the book's author. D) Hiro Hiro real realiz izees that his liberal beliefs are correct. 225.. Which 225 Which is is the the BE BEST example of Piaget's concept of assimilation? A) Nate Nate relat elates es what what his teacher is saying to his own “knowledge base.” B) Irena agr agrees with everything her teacher says. C) Jesse tak takees good notes on what her teacher says. D) Paul aulo vow vows to become exactly like his teacher. 226. Piaget studied studied cognitive cognitive development development by: A) obs observi erving ng and and questi questioni oning ng childr children. en. B) measuri measuring ng how much much childr children en know know at differ different ent ages. ages. C) compari comparing ng childr children en on diffe differen rentt abiliti abilities. es. D) analyzing analyzing children's children's relationships relationships with their parents. parents. 227. According According to Bronfenbrenner's Bronfenbrenner's developmental developmental systems systems theory: A) family family is the main main influe influence nce on peopl people's e's lives lives.. B) friends friends are are the main main influ influence ence on on people' people'ss lives. lives. C) cohort cohort is the the main main influen influence ce on people people's 's lives lives.. D) lives are shaped shaped by many different different influences— influences—includin including g friends, friends, family, school school system, system, and culture. culture. 228. Bronfenbrenne Bronfenbrennerr believed all of these influences greatly greatly affect children's children's behavior EXCEPT: EXCEPT: A) famil family y rela relati tions onship hips. s. B) the the sch schoo ooll sys syste tem. m. C) culture. D) climate. 229. Which statement statement would would a developmental systems systems theorist theorist MOST likely likely make? A) “One theory theory alone alone does not reveal reveal the complexity complexity of human behavior behavior.” .” B) “Experts “Experts need to do do research research in the laborato laboratory, ry, where where they can can isolate isolate single variables.” variables.” C) “Biolog “Biology y and cultu culture re are comp complet letely ely separ separate. ate.”” D) “It's “It's import important ant to beli believe eve in a sing single le theory theory.” .” 230. Which collaborative research program BEST illustrates the developmental systems perspective? A) Behaviorists Behaviorists work work together together to formulate formulate a treatment treatment plan for for autism spectrum spectrum disorder disorder.. B) Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic therapists therapists work work together together to to help depressed depressed adolescents adolescents.. C) A geneticist, geneticist, a psychologist, psychologist, and a sociologist sociologist work work together to understand understand the complex complex causes of school school phobia in children. D) A school district district hires hires Piagetian Piagetian educators educators to work work together together to overhaul overhaul its curriculum curriculum.. 231. When researchers explore the relationship between students' students' grades and their current happiness, they are conducting a: A) corre correlat latio iona nall study study.. B) true true expe experi rime ment nt.. C) cross cross-s -sec ecti tiona onall study study.. D) longi longitu tudin dinal al stud study. y.


232.. Dr. Hardy 232 Hardy is is stud studying ying the correlation between physical exercise and health in old age. Which is the MOST likely representative sample? sample? A) eld elderly mar mar athon runners B) eld elderly pe people who just had hip replacements C) a ra random group of elderly people D) peo people ov over age 65 who work out regularly 233.. If a resear 233 researcher cher goes goes to a playground and records the frequency of aggressive acts among a sample of first graders, the researcher is em ploying _____ as a measurement techniq ue. A) self self-r -rep epor ortt B) exp expert ert as assessment essment C) natu natura rali lisstic tic observation D) expe experrimen imenta tall manipulation 234.. If Rory 234 Rory gives gives par ents a questionnaire to determine their childrearing skills, he is using _____. A) self self-r -rep epor orts ts B) natu natura rali lisstic tic observation C) abil abilit ity y test testss D) qual qualit itat ativ ivee r esearch 235.. The measurem 235 measuremen entt technique that involves watching people's behavior is called _____. A) natu natura rali lisstic tic observation B) self self-r -rep epor orts ts C) obs observ erver evaluations evaluations D) abil abilit ity y tes tests ts 236.. A psych 236 psycholo ology gy pr pr ofessor ofessor wants to measure “parent aggressiveness.” Which is the BEST strategy? A) Visit ea each home and chart how often parents hit their children. B) Develop a questionnaire questionnaire asking parents, “How often do you hit your children?” C) Go down the street street and ask ask neighbors, neighbors, “Does “Does the parent parent hit the children children a lot?” lot?” D) No approach approach is ideal, because each has its own own problems problems and and biases. biases. 237. Choose the correct name for each measurement measurement technique: (1) watching watching people and coding their behavior; (2) giving questionnaires to a group. A) (1) self-r self-repor eport; t; (2) natural naturalist istic ic observat observation ion B) (1) natural naturalist istic ic observa observatio tion; n; (2) self-r self-repor eportt C) (1) correlat correlation ion;; (2) experim experiment ent D) (1) experim experiment; ent; (2) correlat correlation ion 238. Before taking this class, a student visits the “Rate my Professors” website website to read comments about the professor. The student should: A) be confident confident that that these these responses responses are are based based on a representative representative sample. B) be cautious, cautious, as these responses responses involve involve a non-repr non-representati esentative ve sample. sample. C) be confident confident that these responses responses are are completel completely y unbiased. unbiased. D) conclude that these responses responses are are completely completely useless. useless. 239. Which researcher researcher is selecting selecting a representati representative ve sample? A) Adela, whose whose study study of parenting parenting involves involves giving giving questionnaires questionnaires to to middle-class middle-class moms moms B) Barnabas, Barnabas, whose whose research research on the frequency frequency of marital marital problems problems polls polls divorced divorced men men C) Charlotte, Charlotte, whose investiga investigation tion of adolescents' adolescents' friendshi friendships ps samples samples students students from five high schools schools of varying varying sizes D) Dragan, whose whose study of older older adults' health health beliefs beliefs involves talking talking to senior senior citizens in in the hospital 240. If Tikana explores the relationship between college students' height and happiness, and finds that taller students are happier, she can conclude: A) being being tall tall caus causes es peopl peoplee to be happy happy.. B) not much, much, because because there there may be be many reasons reasons to explain explain this this associati association. on. C) being happy happy causes causes people people to grow grow taller, taller, because they are are less stressed. stressed. D) happines happinesss cannot cannot be measured measured.. 241. Which research research question question MUST be tested by using a correlational correlational strategy? strategy? A) Do parents parents who frequent frequently ly hit their their children children have have more aggressi aggressive ve children? children? B) Does Does reinf reinforce orcemen mentt promot promotee learni learning? ng? C) Do children children with with autism spectrum spectrum disorders disorders respond respond best best to a certain certain medication medication?? D) Does providin providing g snacks snacks help children children focus better on a laborator laboratory y task? task?


242.. Dr. Rodriq 242 Rodriquez uez is is studying the effects of alcohol consumption on memory. He randomly assigns people to four groups. Three groups consume varying amounts of alcohol, and one group is given only soft drinks. This research design is called a(n): A) expe experrimen iment. t. B) corr correl elat atio iona nall study. C) long longit itud udin inal al study. study. D) natu natura rali lisstic tic study. 243.. To measur 243 measuree whe whether ther older people are calmer than younger people, a researcher gives 20-year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-yearolds a questionnaire. questionnaire. This research technique is called a(n): A) expe experrimen iment. t. B) long longit itud udin inal al study. study. C) cros crosss-sec -secti tio onal study. D) corr correl elat atio iona nall study. 244.. To find 244 find out if if old older people are wiser than younger people, Samantha gives 20-year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-year-olds a “wisdom” test. If Samantha Samantha finds that, on average, wisdom scores increase in each older group, what should she conclude? A) As people ple get older, they get wiser. B) Older coh cohor ts are wiser, but it is unclear if wisdom increases with age. C) Nothing. ng. It It's a lousy study because it is not constructed well. D) As people ple get older, it takes them more time to answer test questions. 245.. A frien 245 friend d wants wants to explore to explore age differences in happiness for her Ph.D. thesis. She should MOST likely conduct a: A) cros crosss-sec -secti tio onal study, because it will allow her to find out which people get happier over time. B) cros crosss-sec -secti tio onal study, because it will demand less time than other types of studies. C) long longit itud udin inal al study, study, because it will be more accurate that other types of studies. D) long longit itud udin inal al study, study, because it is easier to carry out than other types of studies. 246. In a cross cross-se -secti ctio onal study, a researcher finds that people in their fifties and sixties are happier than are college students. Which is the BEST BEST conclusion from this study? A) As peopl peoplee get older, older, they they get get happi happier. er. B) Older people are are happier happier because because they they grew up in more more intact intact families. families. C) Everyon Everyonee gets gets happier happier as they age. D) Today's older people are happier happier than college students. students. 247. A friend is arguing that longitudinal research is the best way to study development. Which statement should this person NOT make? A) These studies studies alone alone can reveal reveal informati information on about individual individual differences differences.. B) These studies studies alone alone can show how people people really change over time. time. C) These studies studies alone alone can reveal reveal how early experience experiencess relate to later behaviors. behaviors. D) Today, these studies are relativel relatively y easy easy to carry out. 248. All of the following are difficulties involved in conducting longitudinal research with adults EXCEPT EXCEPT that these studies: A) are expens expensive ive and take take years years (or decad decades) es) to compl complete. ete. B) demand demand a huge huge sample sample becaus becausee people people drop drop out over over time. time. C) don't don't show show how indi individu vidual al people people change change over over time. time. D) only offer offer information information about about how “the best best people” people” age and develop, develop, but not the average average person. person. 249. Longitudinal Longitudinal research research has all of these these qualities EXCEPT EXCEPT that that it: A) takes takes a lon long g time time to to carr carry y out. out. B) requires requires a huge huge sample sample as people people drop drop out as the study goes goes on. C) tends to to show how the the “best people” develop, not the average person. person. D) tends to show show how how the worst functioning functioning people people change. 250. Which person person is conducting conducting a qualitative qualitative study of divorce? divorce? A) Cynthia interviews interviews 5 people people about about how their their divorce divorce emotionally emotionally affected affected them. them. B) Alek gives gives a group group of divorced people standard standard measures measures of mental health. C) Katya Katya tracks tracks the the impact impact of divorc divorcee on disease disease rates rates.. D) Yuri looks looks at the the frequency frequency of divorces divorces today today compared compared to 10 10 years ago. 251. Which is a new research research trend in developmen developmental tal science? science? A) more more use of singl singlee measures measures expl explori oring ng question questionss B) more more use use sole sole rese researc archer herss C) relying relying much much more more on stati statisti stics cs in doing doing rese research arch D) more use use of interviews interviews and other qualitative qualitative techniques techniques in in conducting conducting research research


Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

B B B C A D A A D A A A B D C D D D C B C A A A C B D A B D Here, while answers will vary, normative influences would center on predictable culturally and biologically shared events, such as going to kindergarten, reaching puberty, having children, dying, and so forth. In cataloguing non-normative influences, students should refer to any major unexpected event in their lives. 32. Here the answers are up to the student, but positive social media influences influences might include the ability to keep in touch with a wide array of people, more feelings of support and connectedness, and so on. Negative influences might involve feeling compelled to spend too much time “relating,” robbing the person of time to devote to more productive pursuits. 33. While here the answers are also up to the individual, the advantage of texting is being able to get a message conveyed quickly and in a more permanent form. While leaving a verbal message can be unreliable; with a text, your message is really there. But this in itself is a disadvantage, as texting leaves a permanent record of any thought you might have second thoughts about transmitting! Moreover, texting lacks the nuances people can only get from face- to-face encounters. Texting also encourages people to act out verbally, as sendin g a message is far easier than confronting a person with nega tive thoughts. In addition, texting can actually work to keep shy people from actively venturing into the world. 34. Students' answers could legitimately vary, but I'd suspect that for the 80-year-old, social media might be an incredible surprise. Today's 30-somethings would view these “new developments in relating” as just part of normal life. In contrast, the opposite might be true of the financial crisis and the Great Recession of 2008: a shock for young people, but all too familiar for people who were born during or soon after the Great Depression of the 1930s. 35. Cyril would be far more likely to die during childhood than Joey. Joey Joey would also live longer, be far more well educated, and much more affluent. 36. Answers will center on reinforcing the child for sitting still, using a fork, saying, “please pass the peas, and so on, as well as ignoring the child when he or she shows inappropriate behavior. Time out also may be used when the child misbehaves. 37. The behaviorist might focus on getting Brandi in positively reinforcing social situations to try to extinguish her shyness. The The psychoanalyst would encourage Brandi to talk a bout her early life experiences and get insight into the unconscious roots of her shyness. A developmental systems proponent would attack the problem on several fronts: trying out medications and different types of therapy; exploring how everything from cultural and family values to genetic predispositions might be causing Brandi's symptoms. 38. From traditional behaviorism: Reinforce clients step by step for making applications, going for interviews, either individually or as a group. From modeling: Specifically, bring in people, who have successfully returned to college years after they dropped out, to talk to clients; have clients model each other in filling out applications, and so forth, in group sessions. Selfefficacy interventions: Continually bring home the message, “You can succeed,” directly and also via using the other techniques mentioned previously. 39. Bowlby agreed with the Freudians that our early experiences with caregivers shape our mental health; but he also believed in a nature explanation of behavior, namely, that the attachment response is biologically built-in to promote species survival. 40. Here, the psychologist could conduct a twin study, soliciting a large sample of identical and fraternal twins and comparing the similarity of “identicals” and their attitudes on a test of political attitudes with those of “fraternals.” If the identical twins had much more similar views than the fraternal twins, the conclusion would be that political attitudes are highly genetically determined. Alternatively, the psychologist could select adopted children and compare their political views with their biological and adoptive parents' vie ws. If the psychologist found a high correlation between a doptees' attitudes and their birth parents' views, and virtually no similarity between adopte es' attitudes and their adoptive paren ts' views, the psychologist could make the same conclusion. 41. Answers will vary. Evocative influences, however, will relate to how personality traits—shyness, traits—shyness, happiness, kindness, and so forth—naturally affect how other people relate to that student. In describing active forces, students should talk about talents and interests that propelled them to actively select environments where they learned to improve at that skill, such as, “I was good at sports, so I've been playing soccer since the age of 3.” Person/environment fit: “I'm terrible at math, so when I had to take statistics, I failed. . . . I really 'get' psychology, so I'm getting all “A”s in my psych classes . . . I'm not a morning person, so why did I take all 8 AM classes?”


42. Freud Freud focused focused on the on the crucial importance of early childhood alone. Freud believed that the main life mission for a person is to satisfy sexual feelings feelings (libido), and that during early childhood, people progress from the oral, to the anal, to the phallic stage. Erikson believed that believed that people develop throughout life and that a person's main life mission is to become an independent person and relate to others. others. Erikson's stages of development are lifelong; they involve how well people have resolved each of eight “psychosocial tasks” tasks” linked to age. 43. Piaget Piaget believe believed d that that all learning occurs by fitting new information to what people know—assimilation—and, in the process, expanding what they know, or growing mentally. So, assimilation and accommodation ALWAYS take place together. For example, a baby can only suck, so he assimilates all objects to what he knows—sucking—and in the process, he learns about the world of objects. objects. 44. Measur Measuremen ementt ap proach = naturalistic observation Advantage: gives gives a concrete record of the behavior Disadvantage: very very time-intensive; parents in particular may not reveal their true childrearing because they will be on good behavior while she she is watching. 45. Meliss Melissaa would would select select a sample of adults who naturally vary in their exercise practices and relate these variations to scores on tests of health. On On the plus side, this study would be easy to carry out and not pose ethical issues. On the minus side, this research design cannot cannot prove that exercise leads to better health. Ramon would randomly assign people to either regularly exercise or not exercise, exercise, and then compare the health of the respective groups at a later date. On the plus side, Ramon's intervention could could really prove that exercising promotes health. On the minus side, this study would have serious practical problems and may may be unethical. 46. The resear researcher cherss can conclude that yes, older COHORTS may be happier with their families, but that says nothing about whether family satisfaction satisfaction really rises with age. 47. Minuse Minuses: s: Longit Longitudinal udinal studies are incredibly expensive, take years, and involve the hassle of getting people to return. Subject attrition is nonrandom. nonrandom. Therefore, particularly with adults, these studies only sample how “elite” people develop. Pluses: This is the th e only research method that can chart real age changes, and, more important, reveal individual patterns of development, and and how earlier life experiences relate to later behavior. 48. There There are multip multiple le possibilities, so students' answers will vary. 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. B 54. B 55. B 56. A 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. B 61. B 62. A 63. B 64. A 65. A 66. B 67. A 68. B 69. B 70. 70. gero geront ntolo ology gy 71. normat normative ive transit transitions ions 72. 72. coho cohort rtss 73. Socioeconomic Socioeconomic status (or “SES”) “SES”) 74. collect collectivis ivistt cultures cultures 75. 75. nurt nurtur uree 76. 76. Stag Stagee 77. reinfo reinforcem rcement ent 78. self-e self-effi fficacy cacy 79. id 80. 80. caregi caregiver verss 81. biologi biological cal (or “inborn “inborn”) ”) 82. behavio behavioral ral genet genetics ics 83. 83. epige epigenet netic icss Page. 20 84. psy psychos chosocia ociall task task 85. develop development mental al systems systems 86. what causes causes what what (or “cause “cause and effect" effect")) 87. 87. exper experim iment ent 88. 88. coho cohort rtss 89. elite (or “select”; “select”; “special”; “special”; or other synonym synonym of “elite”) “elite”) 90. quantit quantitativ ativee research research 91. D 92. B 93. A 94. D 95. B 96. C 97. A 98. C 99. B


100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177.

B B C A B D A C C A D D A D A D A B C A A A B D A A D D A A D C D D D D D D C D B B D A D D D B A B D B C D A B A B C A D A D A C B C B A D A A D B D A B D


178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251.

A B A B A A D B D A A D A C A C A C A B C C B A A A D B D D A B A A A D A D D A A A D A C C A A A D D A C A C C A A D B B C B A A C B B D D C D A D


Test Bank for Experiencing the Lifespan 4th Edition by Belsky for Only 79 99

Recommend Documents