Tesla Pump Comments (preview)

Tesla Pump Comments Implementation of Innovation

design How to desig Pumps effic efficient Tesla Pumps built be buil that can be in any e shop shop machin machine

George Wiseman

Patent-free Technology • Brown's Gas • Fuel Savers • Free Energy

Eagle-Research Energy Solutions

since 1984

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TE TESLA SLA PUMP COMMENTS Copyright © Oct., 1996, Nov., Nov., 2009 by George Wiseman

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTI INTRODUCTION ON ................. ...................... ..... 1 BASIC DESIGN DESIGN ................ ........................ ........ 1 PRINCIPLES PRINCIP LES OF OPERATION OPERATION 2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS .. 3 Pressure/Volume and Horsepower; Inlet to Outlet Ratio; Diameter of Runner; Runner Disk Spacing; Inner Hole Diameter in Runner; Number of Disks in Runner; Plate Thickness; Runner Mounting on Shaft; Outer Volute and Housing CONCLUSION CONCLUSION ................... .......................... ....... 7 OTHER OTHER NOTES NOTES ................ ........................ ........ 7

INTRODUCTION Nikola Tesla invented this pump design around 1910. Despite it’s it’s obvious advantages, it still hasn’t been universally applied. There are a few small companies that jealously guard their ‘trade secrets’ and build Tesla Tesla pumps. These companies sell the pumps for extremely high prices and generally find applications where only a Tesla pump will fit the application specifications. It’s time for the Tesla pump to find more general use! In this paper I speak of fluid. A fluid can be a liquid or a gas (vapor) or a mixture of the two. It is my opinion that, at this time, the Tesla pump is most applicable to working with with liquids. It will find its best market in applications involving liquids that must be handled gently. Example: pumping fish, fruit and blood; liquids containing solids (ie. cement, mill tailings and paper pulp).

RESOURCES RESOURCES ............... ........................ .............. ..... 7 Tesla pumps designed to be efficient with gaseous fluids (vapor) are usually larger in diameter and turn at very high RPM. This requires special materials for the runner, special bearings, special seals and careful runner balancing. balancing. The runner runner disks should be tapered when run at extremely high RPM to minimize metal stretching by centrifugal force. The proposed proposed application application would have to very have special requirements that can only be properly addressed with a Tesla pump before it is financially practical to use a Tesla pump (or compressor). Tesla pumps direct the fluid in natural paths of flow, minimizing

turbulence and cavitation that would damage the fluid and/or pump. Tesla pumps therefore therefo re have a natural advantage over “conventional” pumps in applications such as those mentioned above. Designed properly, Tesla pumps are at least as efficient as conventional pumps and are a lot easier to build. This paper is designed to assist those people who wish to design and build their own Tesla Tesla pumps. I will not be discussing anything to do with Tesla turbines in this paper. (see Resources)

BASIC DESIGN The basic design of a Tesla pump is extremely simple and can be built in most machine shops. shops. One of my my favorite quotes from Nikola Tesla Tesla is “the human mind thinks but to complicate.... I have had to work very hard to overcome overcome that. But here you see what I have done. Do you see how simple it is?” is?” As an inventor of practical devices, I share Tesla’s horror of complicated devices. I’m sure that he, like like I, had run into Murphy’s Law many times (If anything can go wrong, it will and at the worst possible moment.). My personal personal quote on the subject is, “If you don’t know enough to build it simple, you don’t understand it yet.” The Tesla pump basically consists of a series of disks fastened together with spacing between each disk. Tesla called this disk-pack a “runner”. The runner is mounted mounted in a housing that allows fluid to enter through the center and exit on the periphery. peripher y. The runner itself is designed to have all the fluid enter its hollow center, travel through the spacing between the disks and exit at the periphery of the runner.

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The runner is usually attached to a shaft driven by an external power source. The spinning spinning runner runner drives the fluid.

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION The Tesla pump works using the principles of centrifugal force, adhesion, and viscosity. When you accelerate a mass (fluid in this case) it will travel in a straight line at exactly the speed (velocity) given to it by the accelerating force. (Minus friction of course but we don’t need that complication for this example.) When you turn a mass that has velocity (cause it to deviate from its straight course) it takes energy (another force). How much additional force depends on how much mass, how fast it is moving, how fast you want to turn it and how much you want to turn it. In equations involving mass moving in circles, we call this additional turning force “centripetal force”. Centripetal force doesn’t doesn’t really exist, we just apply that term to a certain vector condition for convenience. Centripetal force is an “inward seeking” force, it is the force vectors that cause the liquid to turn back on itself, thus usually forming a circle. The “outward seeking” force vectors we call centrifugal force. This is the force that is trying to go in a straight line but because it involves mass moving in circles, we call it centrifugal force. force. As you can see, centrifugal force doesn’t really exist either, except as a concept in our minds.

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The main working principle of the Tesla pump is centrifugal force. The runner accelerates the fluid in an outward path. The reason that you see pressure on the output of the pump involves the centripetal force applied by the pump housing. The pump housing does not allow the outward force to continue in a straight line. If no liquid were allowed to escape the housing, the pressure registered by a pressure gauge mounted on the housing would equal the pressure being applied as centrifugal force and held by centripetal force. A Tesla pumps maximum maximum pressure is inherently a product of its rotational speed and its runner diameter. You will see this in the equations. For a runner of any size, size, a higher velocity (RPM) will cause a pressure rise in the Tesla pump. For design purposes, increasing runner velocity is generally more advantageous than increasing runner diameter. diameter. For example, to get 180 psi with 1760 RPM requires a 15 inch diameter runner, to get 180 psi at 3000 RPM requires only a 9 inch diameter runner. runner. A 9 inch runner is is easier to build than a 15 inch runner and 3000 RPM is not an unreasonable speed. Runners of even smaller diameters can be made to produce high pressures if you increase the RPM. I’ll show you how to figure it later. The second most important principle of Tesla pump operation is adhesion. adhesion. How well the liquid sticks to the disks. The runner disks need to impart their energy to the liquid and they can’t do that if the liquid won’t stick to them. Fluids have an interesting physical characteristic that helps the Tesla pump work and give it its wear

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resistant properties. properties. This principle principle is so important that it will have a paragraph to itself. However rapid the flow of fluid, at the surface of any solid exposed to the fluid, the relative speed of the fluid is zero. Thus the runner can impart energy to the fluid because the fluid (at its surface) must spin at exactly the same speed as the runner surface. The third most important principle is fluid viscosity. How well the fluid sticks to itself. You can think, for our purposes, of a fluid to have many layers that can each one speed up a little more as you move away from a surface. As the runner runner pulls the first layer along by adhesion, each fluid layer in turn pulls the next fluid layer by viscosity. This also explains why the Tesla pump disks show very little wear even after pumping highly abrasive material for extended periods of time. On the runner runner disks, as in a stream, the “rock” is subjected to low speed fluid on its bottom side, near the surface of the solid and high speed fluid on its upper side (farther from disk surface). surface). Thus the “rock” rolls as it moves, providing little friction on the surface. Viscosity, in our situation, can also be considered a “fluid friction” or “resistance to flow”. High viscosity fluids require more force to move them at velocity. The disks generally pull a high viscosity fluid with more efficiency than a low viscosity fluid because the fluid layers pull each other along strongly. strongly. So you can space the disks wider apart to maintain flow without an appreciable drop in



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Tesla Pump Comments (preview)

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