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[q|a~a{v~qkvq~j Oj {q|a~a{v~qkvq~j fa qhj nûuafj nûuafj a{ jzqao aoabahvi a{v~qkvq~jo jo zqa {a oa fahibmhj j~ki/ ao kqjo a{vê j|i}jfi fm~akvjbahva {in~a oj {qna{v~qkvq~j } kq}j eqhkmûh |~mhkm|jo a{ {i|i~vj~ kih {agq~mfjf oj{ kj~gj{ j oj{ zqa {a ua~ê {ibavmfi A{vj{ kj~gj{ |~iumahah fa oj{ |~a{miha{ |~a{miha{ i~mgmhjfj{ |i~ ao ~aooahi fa vma~~j/ |i~ ao v~êemki ua`mkqoj~ } |i~ {q bm{bi |a{i Oj gaibav~âj fao j~ki |qafa {a~ fa fm~akv~mt |j~jnûomkj/ km~kqoj~/ aoâ|vmkj i ei~bjfj |i~ oj kibnmhjkmûh fa aooj{/ {mahfi {q a{|a{i~ kih{vjhva i uj~mjnoa/ } aojni~jfi fa kihk~avi {mb|oa/ kihk~avi ~aei~tjfi/ bjb|i{va~âj fa |maf~j i bjb|i{va~âj fa noizqa fa kihk~avi Ao j~ki |qafa {a~ kih{v~qmfi fm~akvjbahva ah ao {mvmi zqa oa ki~~a{|ihfa ah oj nûuafj i ah iv~i{ oqgj~a{ {m {a qvmomtjh aoabahvi{ |~aejn~mkjfi{

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Ah fihfa oi{ a{v~mni{ {ih bq~i{ fa j|i}i ojva~jo ojva~jo fao i oi{ j~ki{ j~ki{ Oi{ joaviha{ j joj/ {ih in~j{ fa |~ivakkmûh j oj ahv~jfj } {jomfj fao kihfqkvi kihfqkvi Ao ki|mhg i bq~i fa ki~ihjbmahvi/ ki~ihjbmahvi/ |~ivaga oj |j~va um{vj fao j~ki Oj{ eqhfjkmiha{ eqhfjkmiha{ i nj{a/ oa {m~uah fa j|i}i j oi{ a{v~mni{ Oj oojua/ {a qnmkj ahv~a oj oj qhmûh fao j~ki } ao a{v~mni Ao j~ki i {q|a~a{v~qkvq~j/ {a qnmkj {in~a oi{ a{v~mni{ a{v~mni{ Ao f~ahjda {m~ua |j~j aombmhj~ oj jkqbqojkmûh fa jgqj ah oj vma~~j Ao j~~jhzqa a{ ao |qhvi fa i~mgah fao j~ki/ j{â/ oj ki~ihj i kojua/ a{ oj |j~va bê{ jovj fao bm{bi

Iv~i{ vm|i{ fa nûuafj{ Apm{vah iv~i{ vm|i{ fa nûuafj{ zqa v~jnjdjh kibi qh {ioi aoabahvi a{v~qkvq~jo fa vjo bjha~j zqa hi {a |qafa fmumfm~ {q{ |j~va{ ah {q|a~a{v~qkvq~j } {qna{v~qkvq~j Oj gaibav~âj a{ uj~mjnoa/ j{â oj{ `j} km~kqoj~a{/ ~akvjhgqoj~a{/ kqjf~jfj{/ kqjf~jfj{/ aoâ|vmkj{/ avk/ } oi{ bjva~mjoa{ bjva~mjoa{ kih zqa {a {a kih{v~q}ah |qafah uj~mj~ vjbnmíh J kihvmhqjkmûh {a bahkmihjh fi{ adab|oi{ fa a {va vm|i fa nûuafj{

Nûuafj{ Kjdûh Oj nûuafj kjdûh a{ qhj a{v~qkvq~j fa kihk~avi ~aei~tjfi fa ei~bj kqjf~jfj i ~akvjhgqoj~ kih{v~qmfj bihioâvmkjbahva Oj{ |j~va{ zqa kib|ihah qhj nûuafj kjdûh {ih4 oi{j {q|a~mi~/ |j~afa{ ojva~joa{ } oi{j fa eqhfjkmûh J fmea~ahkmj fa oj{ nûuafj{ jhva~mi~bahva fa{k~mvj{/ oj{ fa vm|i kjdûh |a~bmvah aombmhj~ ao ~aooahi fa vma~~j {in~a aooj/ zqafjhfi {q oi{j {q|a~mi~ ap|qa{vj jo v~êemki ua`mkqoj~ [q ei~bj |j~vmkqoj~ kib|qa{vj |i~ oi{j{ |ojhj{/ |a~bmva zqa ao j~bjfi fao ~aeqa~ti ~aeqa~ti {aj fa eêkmo eêkmo kioikj kioikjkmû kmûh h } {m {a ~azq ~azqma~ ma~a a kih{v kih{v~qm ~qm~~ kih aoabah aoabahvi{ vi{ |~aejn |~aejn~mkj ~mkjfi{ fi{// oj oj kih{v~qkkmûh a mh{vjojkmûh fa í{vi{ a{ {mb|oa

j- Oi{j Oi{j {q|a~ q|a~mi mi~~ n- \j~a \j~afa fa{{ ojva~ ojva~jo joa{ a{ k- Oi{j Oi{j mhea~ hea~mi mi~~

Nûuafj{ bavêomkj{ A{va vm|i fa nûuafj{/ {a ejn~mkjh fa |ojhk`j{ fa jka~i kih ki~~qgjkmiha{ ah {ahvmfi |a~|ahfmkqoj~ j {q oihgmvqf Oj{ |ojhk`j{ uj~âjh uj~âjh ah a{|a{i~ `j{vj 7: bb } {a ejn~mkjh ejn~mkjh ah jhkì{ jhkì{ fmea~ahva{ fmea~ahva{ fa{fa 7;> kb j|~ipmbjfjb j|~ipmbjfjbahva ahva `j{vj `j{vj :=1: kb j|~ipmbjfj j|~ipmbjfjbahva bahva ah v~jbi{ v~jbi{ fa ;55/ ;<1/ >66 } :0;b fa oj~gi

Oj{ nûuafj{ bavêomkj{ {a qvmomtjh ah oj kih{v~qkkmûh fa |qahva{ |azqaúi{/ jokjhvj~mooj{/ ahvqnjbmahv ahvqnjbmahvi i fa j~~i}i{/ j~~i}i{/ |j{i{ mhea~m mhea~mi~a{ i~a{ fa |ajviha{ |ajviha{ } gjhjfi/ gjhjfi/ fa|û{mvi{ fa|û{mvi{ fa jobjkahjda/ jobjkahjda/ abnjo{a{/ j~kiha{ a mh{vjojkmiha{ {mbmoj~a{ Oj uahvjdj fa í{va vm|i fa nûuafj{/ |~iumaha |~mhkm|jobahva |~mhkm|jobahva fa {q bjva~mjo kib|ihahva/ }j zqa a{ omumjhi/ |i{aa g~jh ~a{m{vahkmj j oj oj ~q|vq~j/ mhbqhmfjf jo fjúi |i~ mhkahfmi/ àojfj{ àojfj{ } kibadíh/ ejkmomfjf fa j~bjfi/ gj{vi{ bâhmbi{ fa kih{a~ujkmûh } jfj|vjnmomfjf jo kjbnmi fa kihfmkmiha{

A{vqfmi{ Nê{mki{ \j~j Ao Fm{aúi } Kih{v~qkkmûh fa Nûuafj{ \j~j |ifa~ fm{aúj~ fm{aúj~ } kih{v~qm~ kih{v~qm~ qhj in~j fa fa a{vj bjghmvqf bjghmvqf {a haka{mvj haka{mvj kihika~ kihika~ kma~vj{ kj~jkva~â{vmkj{ fao ahvi~hi fao in{vêkqoi j{â kibi fao bm{bi in{vêkqoi/ |j~j aooi {a ~ajomtjh fmua~{i{ a{vqfmi{/ oi{ kqjoa{ {a bahkmihjh j kihvmhqjkmûh4  Oaujhvjbmahvi vi|ig~êemki fao in{vêkqoi

Kih{m{va ah ao a{vjnoakmbmahvi fa fm{vjhkmj{ } hmuaoa{ j qhi } iv~i ojfi fa oj oâhaj kahv~jo fao jomhajbm jomhajbmahvi/ ahvi/ jb|omêh jb|omêhfi{a fi{a a{vi/ {â a{ haka{j~mi/ haka{j~mi/ kih kih ao emh fa fa vaha~ mhei~bjk mhei~bjkmûh mûh {qemkmahva |j~j a{vjnoaka~ kivj{ fa eqhfjkmûh/ kivj fa ~j{jhva/ kq~uj fa fa~~jba/ |ahfmahva fao kjqka/ avk  A{vqfmi fa {qaoi{

\j~j kihika~ kivj{ fa eqhfjkmûh j{â kibi |j~j fmbah{mihj~ oj gaibav~âj fa oj in~j ah eqhkmûh fa oj{ kj~jkva~â{vmkj{ } ~a{m{vahkmj fa oi{ bjva~mjoa{ ah oi{ kmbmahvi{/ fava~bmhêhf fava~bmhêhfi{a i{a í{vi{/ í{vi{/ |~aumj ~ajomtj ~ajomtjkmûh kmûh fa |a~ei~jkmi |a~ei~jkmiha{ ha{ ah oi{ |qhvi{ |qhvi{ fihfa fihfa {q|qa{vjbahva {a qnmkj~êh oi{ a{v~mni{ } |moj{ {m oj{ `qnma~a `mf~êqomki{ fa oj{ kqahkj{ } {qnkqahkj{ fa oi{ ~âi{ i zqan~jfj{ zqan~jfj{  A{vqfmi{ `mf~ioûgmki{ a `mf~êqomki{ Kih ao emh fa kihika~ ao kjqfjo fa fm{aúi fa oi{ bm{bi{ } ah nj{a j aooi ahkihv~j~ ao ê~aj `mf~êqomkj ~a{qovjhva } faemhm~ oj bjghmvqf fa oj in~j/ í{vi{ a{vqfmi{ fanah `jka~{a q{jhfi bívifi{/ oi{ bê{ apjkvi{ |i{mnoa{/ zqa fa|ahfah fa oj kjhvmfjf } kjomfjf fa oj mhei~bjkmûh kih zqa {a kqahva  Jfabê{ fa oi{ ejkvi~a{ jhva{ bahkmihjfi{/ |j~j |~ikq~j~ oig~j~ ao bêpmbi fa akihibâj

ah ao fm{aúi/ {a fana fa a{kiga~ ao {mvmi fa oj in~j/ jo aujoqj~ jova~hjvmuj{ |~i|qa{vj{ ah oi{ a{vqfmi{ fa oi{ jomhajbmahvi{ fao kjbmhi

Kj~gj{ Jkvqjhva{ ah ao Jhêom{m{ fa Nûuafj{

Vm|i{ fa Kj~gj [agôh oj{ hi~bj{ JJ[@VI/ oj{ a{v~qkvq~j{ a{vêh {ibavmfj{ j oi{ {mgqmahva{ vm|i{ fa fa kj~gj/ kqjhfi a{vj{ apm{vjh4 kj~gj umuj/ kj~gj bqa~vj/ kj~gj fa mb|jkvi/ kj~gj fa umahvi } iv~j{ eqa~tj{ kibi Eqa~tj{ oihgmvqfmhjoa{/ eqa~tj{ eqa~tj{ kahv~âeqgj{/ ví~bmkj{/ aeakvi{ fanmfi j va~~abivi{/ avk Ah oj {q|a~a{v~qkvq~j fa qhj nûuafj/ hi jkvôjh vifi{ oi{ vm|i{ fa kj~gj{ jhva{ bahkmihjfi{/ |i~ oi zqa fana~ê fava~bmhj~{a kqêoa{ a{vêh |~a{ahva{ } njdi zqa kibnmhjkmûh fa í{vi{ fana~ê fm{aúj~{a oj a{v~qkvq~j

Kibnmhjkmiha{ fa kj~gj {agôh JJ[@VI Oj{ a{v~qkvq~j{ {a ua~êh {ibavmfj{ j qhj {a~ma fa kj~gj{ zqa |qafah jkvqj~ ah fmea~ahva{ kibnmhjkmiha{ Oj{ hi~bj{ JJ[@VI a{vjnoakah kibnmhjkmiha{ j oj{ kqjoa{ qhj a{v~qkvq~j kqjozqma~j |qafa a{vj~ {ibavmfj } {a |~a{ahvjh ah oj vjnoj vjnoj {mgqmahva4

Oi{ g~q|i{ fa kj~gj fa {a~umkmi } fm{aúi |i~ ejkvi~ fa kj~gj {a fava~bmhj |i~ oj {mgqmahva {mgqmahva ap|~a{mûh4

  O  O  M    KE KE   A A   N N   [E [E   W W   WOWO   OE OE    G~q|i H        ^  [  V    AZ   MKA  AZ MKA  ^  Fihfa4 H2 hôba~i fa g~q|i

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Oi{ bibahvi{ } oj{ eqa~tj{ jpmjoa{ ah oj{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf fa~ak`j fao j~ki/ {ih {ih mfíhvmki mfíhvmki{{ j oi{ oi{ fa fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj mtzqma~fj Oj{ eqa~tj{ eqa~tj{ ki~vjhva{ ki~vjhva{ ah oj{ oj{ {akkmiha{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf bmvjf fa~ak`j vmahah oi{ bm{bi{ ujoi~a{ hqbí~mki{ hqbí~mki{ zqa oj{ fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj/ |a~i vmahah {mghi kihv~j~mi 

Kj~gj ua~vmkjo |j~jnûomkj kib|oabahvj~mj {in~a vifi ao j~ki

Oi{ bibahvi{ } oj{ eqa~tj{ jpmjoa{ ah oj{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf fa~ak`j fao j~ki/ {ih mfíhvmki{ j oi{ fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj Oj{ eqa~tj{ ki~vjhva{ ah oj{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf fa~ak`j vmahah oi{ bm{bi{ ujoi~a{ hqbí~mki{ zqa oj{ fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj/ |a~i vmahah {mghi kihv~j~mi

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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo kihkahv~jfj {in~a oj ki~ihj

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Fi{ kj~gj{ ua~vmkjoa{ kihkahv~jfj{ ah qh j~ki


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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo kihkahv~jfj {in~a qh j~ki

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Kj~gj ì~mtihvjo qhmei~babahva ~a|j~vmfj {in~a oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj fao j~ki

J^KI[ \J^JNÛOMKI[ [MBÍV^MKI[ [MH J^VMKQOJKMIHA[ Ah oj {mgqmahva emgq~j {a fjh oj{ oj{ Hivjkmiha{ } kii~fahjfj{/ bi{v~jhfi oj{ fm~akkmiha{ |i{mvmuj{ fa oi{ bibahvi{ } fa oj{ kib|ihahva{ ua~vmkjo } ì~mtihvjo ì~mtihvjo fa oj{ ~ajkkmiha{ fao j~ki Faemha vjbnmíh ao êhgqoi fa mhkomhjkmûh } oj{ kii~fahjfj{ ah kqjozqma~ {akkmûh fa qh j~ki Oi{ êhgqoi{ fa mhkomhjkmûh } oj{ kii~fahjfj{ {ûoi {a kih{mfa~jh ah ao {ahvmfi |i{mvmui

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Kj~gj qhmei~babahva fm{v~mnqmfj {in~a v~a{ ikvjui{ fao koj~i

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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo qhmei~babahva ~a|j~vmfj {in~a oj bmvjf fao koj~i

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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo qhmei~babahva qhmei~babahva ~a|j~vmfj {in~a kmhki ikvjuj{ |j~va{ fao j~ki

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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo qhmei~babahva ~a|j~vmfj {in~a vifi ao koj~i

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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo qhmei~babahva fm{v~mnqmfj {in~a ao kqj~vi kahv~jo fao koj~i


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Kj~gj ua~vmkjo |j~jnûomkj kib|oabahvj~mj {in~a vifi ao j~ki

Oi{ bibahvi{ } oj{ eqa~tj{ jpmjoa{ ah oj{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf fa~ak`j fao j~ki/ {ih mfíhvmki{ j oi{ fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj Oj{ eqa~tj{ ki~vjhva{ ah oj{ {akkmiha{ ki~~a{|ihfmahva{ fa oj bmvjf fa~ak`j vmahah oi{ bm{bi{ ujoi~a{ hqbí~mki{ zqa oj{ fa oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj/ |a~i vmahah {mghi kihv~j~mi 

Kj~gj ua~vmkjo kihkahv~jfj ah oj ki~ihj


Fi{ kj~gj{ ua~vmkjoa{ kihkahv~jfj{ {in~a ao j~ki


Kj~gj ua~vmkjo kihkahv~jfj {in~a ao j~ki

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Kj~gj ì~mtihvjo qhmei~babahva ~a|j~vmfj {in~a oj bmvjf mtzqma~fj fao j~ki

Ah ao omn~i fa vapvi }j {a fava~bmhjh oi{ ujoi~a{ fa υ kih fm{vjhkmj{ fa <:O

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ADAB\OI HQBA^MKI Fm{aúa qhj nûuafj nmj~vmkqojfj fa fa ;b fa jhkì/ jhkì/ |j~j |ifa~ kihakvj~ qhj kjooa ah oj |j~va {q|a~mi~ fa í{vj/ oj jovq~j zqa `j} fa{fa ao in{vêkqoi `j{vj oj kjooa a{ fa 6b Ao ~aooahi zqa a{vj~ê {in {in~a oj a{v a{v~qkv ~qkvq q~j |i{a i{aa oj{ oj{ {mgq {mgqma mahv hva{ a{ kj~j kj~jkkva~â va~â{v {vmmkj{4 kj{4 Υ 2 ;1´ ;1´ >

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@jooj~ oj |~a{mûh fanmfi j kj~gj fm{v~mnqmfj (kj~~mo fa kj~gj\j~j ao |qhvi :4

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@jooj~ oj |~a{mûh |~a{mûh fanmfi j kj~gj kihkahv~jfj (\ bibahvi\j~j ao |qhvi :4

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Ao ~aooahi vivjo azqmujoahva {in~a ao |qhvi |qhvi : a{4 @(v- 2 6< # <>7: 2 6>7: b [agôh oj eû~bqoj fao Mhg Ao a {|a{i~ fao j~ki {a~ê4 ` 2 O # ::1 # @(v- (kb` 2 ;< ;< # ::1 # 6>7: 6>7: 2 :077 :077 kb kb ≀ := kb kb ↞ >< kb

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Q{jhfi oj{ eû~bqoj{ ab|â~mkj{4 Koj~i 2 =06”/ ahvihka{ oj eû~bqoj j qvmomtj~ a{4 Ajk 2 <<; p (5 # OAjk 2 <<; <<; p (5 # =06=06- 2 <60” <60” 2 <:65 <:65 b 2 :65 :65 kb Oj kihfmkmûh a{vjnoaka zqa zqa {m ao ~aooahi a{ {q|a~mi~ j 7b/ {a mhk~abahvj qh 5< kb

Ao |a{i fao j~ki zqafj fa oj {mgqmahva ei~bj4 ;

Wi 2 <>/6<< cg)b p :< :6 cg)b cg)b

KIBNMHJKMIH FA KJ^GJ[4 \j~j {mb|omemkj~ ao fm{aúi fa a{vj a{v~qkvq~j {a kihua~vm~êh oj{ kj~gj{ fm{v~mnqmfj{ v~mjhgqoj~a{ ah ~akvjhgqoj~a{/ fa a{va bifi |j~j4

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Oj kj~gj ojva~j |i~ ao ~aooahi zqafj4 zqafj4 605:1 ) > 2 >6;: cg)b

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Oj kj~gj umuj |qhvqjo fao kjbmûh 4 :6<>15 ) > 2 7<:; cg)b

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Oj kj~gj umuj (kj~~mo fa kj~gj # \bib-4 50;5> ) > 2 ;6:0 cg)b

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Oj kj~gj umuj (kj~~mo fa kj~gj # \ki~v-4 =:1;7 ) > 2 6177 cg)b

Fa a{va bifi oj{ kibnmhjkmiha{ zqafjh j{â4

:- Kj~gj bqa~vj bqa~vj (~aooahi (~aooahi } a{v~qkvq a{v~qkvq~j~j- # kj~gj umuj |qhvqjo |qhvqjo (kjbmûh (kjbmûh @[>< ‛ 66WF: WF: 2 Wi # Wf{ Wf{ # Wf: Wf: # Wv: Wv: 2 5>6 5>6 # 6/15 6/15; ;:6 :6 # ==6 ==6:5 :5 # 7<:; 7<:; 2 5/00> 5/00>5 5 cg)b cg)b W|: 2 :/7=;=> cg)b Wof # Wov Wov 2 :/>;55 :/>;55: : # >6;: >6;: 2 :/67=7: :/67=7: cg)b cg)b

>- Kj~gj bqa~vj bqa~vj (~aooa (~aooahi hi } a{v~qkvq~j a{v~qkvq~j-- # Kj~gj Kj~gj umuj (kj~~mo (kj~~mo fa kj~gj kj~gj # \ bibahv bibahviiWF> WF> 2 Wi # Wf{ Wf{ # Wf: Wf: # Wv> Wv> 2 5>6 5>6 # 6/15 6/15;: ;:6 6 #>70 #>700> 0> # ;6: ;6:0 0 2 1/761 1/761; ;5 5 cg)b cg)b W|> W|> 2 :/7=;= :/7=;=> > cg)b cg)b Wof # Wov2 Wov2 :/>;55 :/>;55: : # >6; >6;:2 :2 :/67=7 :/67=7: : cg)b cg)b

;- Kj~gj bqa~vj bqa~vj (~aooah (~aooahi i } a{v~qkvq~ja{v~qkvq~j- # Kj~gj Kj~gj umuj umuj (kj~~mo (kj~~mo fa kj~gj kj~gj # \ ki~vjhvaki~vjhvaWF; 2 Wi # Wf{ # Wf: # Wv;2 5>6 5>6 # 6/15;:6 6/15;:6 #;15:< #;15:< # 61772 61772 1/=;01 1/=;016 6 cg)b cg)b W|> 2 :/7=;=> cg)b Wof # Wov Wov 2 :/>;5 :/>;55: 5: # >6;: >6;: 2 :/67= :/67=7: 7: cg)b cg)b

VJNQOJKMÛH FA FJVI[ Ah oj {mgqmahva vjnoj {a bqa{v~j oi{ êhgqoi{ fa mhkomhjkmûh mhkomhjkmûh fa kq~uj kih ~a{|akvi j oj oj ì~mtihvjo/ ah qhj |i{mkmûh faemhmfj/ fava~bmhjfi{ j |j~vm~ fa oj akqjkmûh {mgqmahva4

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}  6 e : 

p  p

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O  O

} vibjhfi vibjhfi ah kqahvj kqahvj ao ujoi~ ujoi~ fa υ fa oj vjnoj vjnoj zqa {a {a |~a{ahvi |~a{ahvi kih

jhva~mi~mfjf \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

P < < ; < 5 < = : > : 1 : 0 > : > 6 > 7 ; <

Ѿ =<¼<<” 10¼<<” 1<¼:>” ;0¼6<” >:¼60” <<¼<<” >:¼60” ;0¼6<” 1<¼:>” 10¼<<” =<¼<<”

] < < 7 > : > 0 : 5 0 : = > > < < : = > : 5 0 : > 0 < 7 > <

KIBNMHJKMÛH : Kj~gj âkvjhgqoj~ Qhmei~babahva Qhmei~babahva fm{v~mnqmfj WF: WF: 2 5/00>5 cg)b Fa oj{ ei~bqoj{ |~a{ahvjfj{ kih jhva~mi~mfjf fao omn~i omn~i fa Ujoa~mjh Oaihviumk` {a fava~bmhjh oi{ ki~vjhva{/ bibahvi{/ ~ajkkmiha{ } eqa~tj jpmjo fa oi{ fmea~ahva{ |qhvi{ a{|akmemkjfi{ ah oj vjnoj jhva~mi~/ j}qfjfi{ |i~ vjnoj{ aojni~jfj{ ah Apkao/ fanmfi j a{i hi {a |~a{ahvjh |~ikafmbmahvi{ {mhi ao ~a{qovjfi emhjo fa oj j|omkjkmûh fa oj{ eû~bqoj{ \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b< < < < < < < < < < <

Jpmjo (cg; / 6 6 : ; < ; / < 0 < 1 5 > / 6 : > ; = : / 0 5 7 5 6 : / 6 1 ; 0 < : / > = < 6 = : / 6 1 ; 0 < : / 0 5 7 5 6 > / 6 : > ; = ; /< 0 < 1 5 ; /6 6 : ; <

Ki~vjhva (cg< < < < < < < < < < <

@: 2 @> 2 :/>=<1 Cg U: 2 U> U> 2 ;/66:; ;/66:; cg Kj~gj \j~jnûom \j~jnûomkj kj fm{v~mnqmf fm{v~mnqmfjj W|: 2 :/7=;=> :/7=;=> cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 5<>< 6576 6  06 " ; ; > : " 6 0 < 1 " ; ; > : 6  06 6576 5<>< < <<

Jpmjo (cg-

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 6>:>1 61<01 >0755 7;7; ": < 1  5 = "> : =  0 6 "> 5 5  ; 1 "> 6 1  > : ": 1 5  6 ; < <<

Jpmjo (cg-

0=5=5 6=:;: >7:00 :01=6 :0::; :=>>: :0::; :01=6 >7:00 6=:;: 0=5=5

Ki~vjhva (cg" : = > > : 0 < ; 5 ">;51 "71>7 "567> < < < 5 6 7 > 7 1 > 7 > ; 5 1 "0<;5 :=>>:

@: 2 @> 2 :=>>: Cg U: 2 U> 2 0=5 0=5=5 =5 cg

Kj~gj Ojva~jo 2 :/67=7: cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

@: 2 ":/<15=6 Cg

@> 2 6>>77 cg

U: 2 "6=;>6 cg

U> 2 6=;>6 cg

" 6 = ; > 6 " 5 = 5 < = " 6 6 = ; : " : 5 > = > :166: 6>>77 1717: 5;0>7 56=17 56>;> 6=;>6

Ki~vjhva (cg:/<15=6 :0;>: " > ; : > 7 " 1 < : ; 6 " 1 = > = = " 6 = ; > 6 " ; < < = 5 " : > < = 7 = < 0 = 7 : 5 6>>77

KIBNMHJKMÛH > Kj~gj âkvjhgqoj~ Qhmei~babahva fm{v~mnqmfj fm{v~mnqmfj WF: 2 1/761;5 cg)b cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b< < < < < < < < < < <

Jpmjo (cg> / 0 7 > 5 0 > / 1 : = 7 = > / < : ; 7 0 : / 1 1 = < 6 : / > : ; 1 0 : / < 7 7 > 5 : / > : ; 1 0 : / 1 1 = < 6 > / < : ; 7 0 > /1 : = 7 = > /0 7 > 5 0

Ki~vjhva (cg< < < < < < < < < < <

@: 2 @> 2 :/<77>5 :/<77>5 Cg U: 2 U> U> 2 >/07 >/07> >50 50 cg

Kj~gj \j~jnûomkj fm{v~mnqmfj W|: 2 :/7=;=> cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

@: 2 @> 2 :=>>: Cg U: 2 U> 2 0=5=5 cg

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 5<>< 6576 6  06 " ; ; > : " 6 0 < 1 " ; ; > : 6  06 6576 5<>< < <<

Jpmjo (cg0=5=5 6=:;: >7:00 :01=6 :0::; :=>>: :0::; :01=6 >7:00 6=:;: 0=5=5

Ki~vjhva (cg" : = > > : 0 < ; 5 ">;51 "71>7 "567> < < < 5 6 7 > 7 1 > 7 > ; 5 1 "0<;5 :=>>:


Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 6>:>1 61<01 >0755 7;7; ": < 1  5 = "> : =  0 6 "> 5 5  ; 1 "> 6 1  > : ": 1 5  6 ; < <<

@: 2 ":/<15=6 Cg

@> 2 6>>77 cg

U: 2 "6=;>6 cg

U> 2 6=;>6 cg

Jpmjo (cg" 6 = ; > 6 " 5 = 5 < = " 6 6 = ; : " : 5 > = > :166: 6>>77 1717: 5;0>7 56=17 56>;> 6=;>6

Ki~vjhva (cg:/<15=6 :0;>: " > ; : > 7 " 1 < : ; 6 " 1 = > = = " 6 = ; > 6 " ; < < = 5 " : > < = 7 = < 0 = 7 : 5 6>>77

KIBNMHJKMÛH ; Kj~gj âkvjhgqoj~ Qhmei~babahva fm{v~mnqmfj fm{v~mnqmfj WF: 2 1/=;016cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

@: 2 @> 2 :/::;60 :/::;60 Cg U: 2 U> U> 2 >/=5 >/=5= =>7 >7 cg

Bibahvi (cg"b< < < < < < < < < < <

Jpmjo (cg> / = 5 = > 7 > / 5 < 6 1 > > / < 0 : 6 = : / 5 : : 6 5 : / > 1 6 ; = : / : : ; 6 0 : / > 1 6 ; = : / 5 : : 6 5 > / < 0 : 6 = > /5 < 6 1 > > /= 5 = > 7

Ki~vjhva (cg< < < < < < < < < < <

Kj~gj \j~jnûomkj fm{v~mnqmfj W|: 2 :/7=;=> cg)b \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 5<>< 6576 6  06 " ; ; > : " 6 0 < 1 " ; ; > : 6  06 6576 5<>< < <<

Jpmjo (cg-

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 6>:>1 61<01 >0755 7;7; ": < 1  5 = "> : =  0 6 "> 5 5  ; 1 "> 6 1  > : ": 1 5  6 ; < <<

Jpmjo (cg-

0=5=5 6=:;: >7:00 :01=6 :0::; :=>>: :0::; :01=6 >7:00 6=:;: 0=5=5

Ki~vjhva (cg" : = > > : 0 < ; 5 ">;51 "71>7 "567> < < < 5 6 7 > 7 1 > 7 > ; 5 1 "0<;5 :=>>:

@: 2 @> 2 :=>>: Cg U: 2 U> 2 0=5=5 cg


@: 2 ":/<15=6 Cg

@> 2 6>>77 cg

U: 2 "6=;>6 cg

U> 2 6=;>6 cg

" 6 = ; > 6 " 5 = 5 < = " 6 6 = ; : " : 5 > = > :166: 6>>77 1717: 5;0>7 56=17 56>;> 6=;>6

Ki~vjhva (cg:/<15=6 :0;>: " > ; : > 7 " 1 < : ; 6 " 1 = > = = " 6 = ; > 6 " ; < < = 5 " : > < = 7 = < 0 = 7 : 5 6>>77

\Â[AHVJKMIH FA Â[QOVJFI[ J kihvmhqjkmûh {a |~a{ahvjh oj {qbj fa oi{ v~a{ vm|i{ fa kj~gj |j~j kjfj kibnmhjkmûh kih a o emh fa fava~bmhj~ oi{ bibahvi{ fa fm{aúi j{â kibi oi{ ki~vjhva{

KIBNMHJKMIH :

\qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b< < < 60:61 6=71= >=>1< 6 < 1 > ":1;71 ">1;<5 ">5:1< ":=065 "=5>; < < <

KIBNMHJKMIH >

Jpmjo (cg;/061<> >/0:;7= >/>;6=7 :/0=<51 :/70=;; :/=<167 >/>:<5; >/5=:01 ;/;;;06 6/:1>>< 6/0;:1<

Ki~vjhva (cg0 5 6 7 ; > 5 ; 1 7 ">16=; "1755: "5177< "6=;>6 ">;5>6 " 6 1 7 : ;>76 :50< 5 : 6 = 0

\qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b< < < 60:61 6=71= >=>1< 6 < 1 > ":1;71 ">1;<5 ">5:1< ":=065 "=5>; < < <

Jpmjo (cg;/>756< >/;:1<> :/0;5;5 :/10><5 :/16=:> :/5=>>6 :/=7<6> >/;0;>1 >/=;1>; ;/51;6; 6/>5>00

Ki~vjhva (cg0567; >5;17 " > 1 6 = ; " 1 7 5 5 : " 5 1 7 7 < " 6 = ; > 6 " > ; 5 > 6 " 6 1 7 : ;>76 :50< 5:6=0

KIBNMHJKMIH ; \qhvi : > ; 6 1 5 7 0 = :< ::

Bibahvi (cg"b<  << 60:61 6=71= >=>1< 6<1> ": 1 ;  7 1 "> 1 ;  < 5 "> 5 :  1 < ": = 0  6 5 " = 5 > ; < <<

Jpmjo (cg; / ; 7 > = = > / ; = = 7 6 : / = < 6 < 7 : / 5 ; 6 6 0 : / 1 0 = = > : /7 > 0 6 5 > /< : : > > > /6 ; 1 5 7 ; /< < > = 6 ; /7 ; 0 : 5 6 / ; 1 = 6 7

Ki~vjhva (cg0567; >5;17 " > 1 6 = ; " 1 7 5 5 : " 5 1 7 7 < " 6 = ; > 6 " > ; 5 > 6 "617: ; > 7 6 : 5 0 < 5:6=0

ÂJKKMIHA[ UA^VMKJOA[ (U- ] @I^MTIHVJOA[ (@Kibnmhjkmûh :4

;/061<> <> cg U>2 6/0;:1 6/0;:1< < cg @:26>177 cg @>2:/=<160 cg U:2 ;/061

Kibnmhjkmûh >4

2>:>1 1; ; cg @>2:/5=> 2:/5=>>6 >6 cg U:2 ;/>7 ;/>75 56< 6< cg U>2 6/>5 6/>5> >00 00 cg @:2>:>

Kibnmhjkmûh ;4

2>607 71 1 cg @>2:/7>0 2:/7>065 65 cg U:2 ;/;7 ;/;7> >== == cg U>2 6/;1 6/;1= =67 67 cg @:2>60

FM[AÚI FAO JKAÎ FA ÂEQA^TI FA OJ NIUAFJ \j~j aooi haka{mvjbi{ ao fmjg~jbj fa mhva~jkkmûh |j~j |ifa~ |oivaj~ oi{ ujoi~a{ invahmfi{ invahmfi{ } j{m ua~memkj~ kqjo a{ ao |i~kahvjda fa ~aeqa~ti haka{j~mi [q|i{mkmiha{ fa fm{aúi4 "

ϊ2 <<< <<<>1 >1 (|i~ (|i~kah kahvjd vjda a ~aeq ~aeqa~ti a~ti bâhmbi bâhmbi |j~j |j~j |j~af |j~afa{a{-

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Kihfmkmûh njojhkajfj |j~j kj~gj jpmjo } eoapmûh

K n  K n 

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j n    K n j n  <(01  =(6=  0(<7 kb Bibahvi |j~j oj kihfmkmûh njojhkajfj

 `    ` j    B n    <(01 e ' k nj n   n   J{v e }  f    >     > >   

><    >< 0(<7      <(<<>1  :<<  :5  6><<:5    >  >    > 

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Eqa~tj jpmjo |j~j oj kihfmkmûh njojhkajfj

 \h   <(01 e ' k nj n  e } J{v  \h  <(7 <(01  >0<  :<<  0(<7  6><<  <(<<>1  :<<  :5   :>>(5=Vih

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Eoapmûh |q~j

j j

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Fa a{va bifi {a bqa{v~j ao fm{aúi a{v~qkvq~jo fa oj oj nûuafj jhjomtjfj jhjomtjfj kibi vjbnmíh {q eqhfjkmûh4

TEORIA Y DISEÑO ESTRUCTTURAL DE UNA BOVEDA

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