INTERVENCIÓN SOCIOCOMUNITARIA
TEMA- 4
TEMA 4: LA SOCIEDAD CONTEMPORÁNEA: TEORÍAS, MODELOS Y SISTEMAS SOCIALES. BA BAS SES ANTROP OPO OLÓGICAS PARA EL ESTUD UDIIO DE LA LAS S SOCI SO CIED EDAD ADES ES HU HUMA MANA NAS. S. ES ESTR TRUC UCTU TURA RAS S CO COMU MUNI NIT TARI RIAS AS.. CR CRIT ITER ERIO IOS S SOCI SO CIAL ALES ES Y PS PSIC ICOL OLÓG ÓGIC ICOS OS:: ES ESTR TRUCT UCTURA URAS S DE PO PODE DER, R, ID IDEN ENTI TIDA DAD D Y COMUNIDAD, ETNIA, CLASE Y CULTURA. 1. INTR INTROD ODU UCCIÓN IÓN 2. LA SOCIED SOCIEDAD AD CONTEMPO CONTEMPORÁN RÁNEA: EA: TEORÍAS, TEORÍAS, MODELOS MODELOS Y SISTEM SISTEMAS AS SOCIALES 3. BASES BASES ANTROPOL ANTROPOLÓGICA ÓGICAS S PARA PARA EL ESTUDIO ESTUDIO DE LAS SOCIEDA SOCIEDADES DES HUMANAS 4. ESTRU ESTRUCTU CTURA RAS S COMU COMUNIT NITA ARIAS RIAS . CRITERIOS CRITERIOS SOCIAL SOCIALES ES Y PSICOLÓ PSICOLÓGICOS GICOS:: ESTRUCTUR ESTRUCTURAS AS DE PODER, PODER, IDENTIDAD Y COMUNIDAD, ETNIA, CLASE Y CULTURA !. CONCLUSIÓN IÓN 1. IN INT TRO RODU DUCC CCIÓ IÓ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
P$(' 1 &%
INTERVENCIÓN SOCIOCOMUNITARIA
TEMA- 4
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globl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
P$(' 2 &%
INTERVENCIÓN SOCIOCOMUNITARIA
TEMA- 4
%'&$#'#$8( &% %)" =%(8*%(" #"()$)/9% /(" &% 0" "7%)$6" +$"$)'$" /% (" &%7%*" *'#' #"*" "#$%&'&. E( E/"+', &%&% *%&$'&" &%0 $0" % ' '$)$&" ' /(' %&/##$8( &%0 +"#%()'% &% +%"(' +"7% 9 %#0/$&', %( '( *%&$&' '#$' ' 0' +"%$6' %)%($8( &% $)%*' &% +")%##$8( "#$'0, /% "=%#%( ' 0" #$/&'&'(" %0 &%%#" ' %#$7$ &%)%*$('&' +%)'#$"(% %( #'", +" %%*+0", &% &%%*+0%" " %(=%*%&'&. S$( %*7'", 0' '#)/'0 #"9/()/' %#"(8*$#' /+"(% /( %$" &%'=<" %( %0'#$8( #"( 0' %#0/$8( "#$'0. 2.
LA SOCIEDAD CONTEMPORÁNEA: TEORÍAS, MODELOS Y SISTEMAS SOCIALES.
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a filosofía del dinero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ol'#!o% &o#!l-*%*. E)" % &%7% ' )% #'/': L' %+%#$'0 %6"0/#$8( &% 0' %+%#$% /*'('. L' #'l', %()%(&$&' #"*" 0' #'+'#$&'& &% %)%(% #"("#$*$%()" '&/$$&" +" 0" '()%+''&" 9 ''&$ ")" (/%6". • •
P$(' 3 &%
INTERVENCIÓN SOCIOCOMUNITARIA
•
TEMA- 4
L' #'+'#$&'& &% #'&' $(&$6$&/" &% #'*7$' &% #"*%)$&" &%()" &% 0' %)/#)/' "#$'0.
T'0 % 0' $*+")'(#$' &% %)% ;0)$*" '", /% 0' H$)"$' &% 0' H/*'($&'& 80" +/%&% %()%(&%% ' +')$ &%0 %)/&$" &%0 +"#%" &% %6"0/#$8( &% 0' "#$%&'&% /*'(' &%&% / "$%( ')' 0' #"*+0%' "'($5'#$8( "#$'0 '#)/'0. E( %)% +"#%" #'7% &$)$(/$ )!&!%o& -o)*lo& )* &o#!*)) /% *'#'"( /(' +"#' &%)%*$('&' 9 #/9' )'($#$"(% $%*+% /% &!)o #o%&*#'*%#! )*l )*&ollo )* '% *#%olog0 %o+*)o& >(/%6' ="*' &% )'7'", /)$0$5'#$8( &% (/%6' =/%()% &% %(%<', (/%6" $)%*' &% +"&/##$8(, %)#.?. D% 0' &$6%' #0'$=$#'#$"(% %$)%()%, 6'*" ' #"($&%' 0' /% &$)$(/% %( 0' H$)"$' &% 0' H/*'($&'& #$(#" *"&%0" "#$'0% &% #"*+0%$&'& #%#$%()%: "#$%&'&% #'5'&"' 9 %#"0%#)"', "#$%&'&% ")$#/0)"', "#$%&'&% '<#"0' 9 /7'(', "#$%&'&% $(&/)$'0% 9 "#$%&'&% '6'(5'&'. E0 '/% &% 0' *l*#o-'%!##!o%*& ' &'&" 0/' ' /(' *#o%o-0 (l%*! 0' #"()$(/' $(("6'#$"(% +"+$#$'( 0' /+%%+%#$'0$5'#$8( &% 0" )'7''&"%, /% %/$%%, ' / 6%5, 0' +$&' '&'+)'#$8( ' 0' (/%6' ="*' &% %=%#)/' / #"*%)$&". L' )*-o##! % %0 *"&" &% "'($5'#$8( "#$'0 &"*$('()% %( O##$&%()%. E0 (o % #"()$)/9% %( /(" &% 0" +$(#$+'0% +"70%*' &% 0' E#"("*<'. L' *%"' &%0 %#)" +;70$#" >'($&'&, %&/#'#$8(, %6$#$" "#$'0%? 9 0' ='#$0$&'& &% '##%" ' 0' (/%6' )%#("0"<' #"()$7/9%( ' 0' #l!)) )*l %!+*l )* +!) &% 0' +"70'#$8( 9, +" )'()", ' /( $(#%*%()" &%0 (;*%" &% '7$)'()% &%0 +0'(%)'. L' #l&* -*)! %, %( %)' +"#', 0' * (/*%"' %( 0" +'<% &%0 %*$=%$" N")%. E( ")' 5"(' &%0 +0'(%)' % '( '#%#%()'&" 0' )*&!g'l))*& &o#!l*&, '0 %$)$ %#%&%()% '0$*%()'$" %( /(" +'<%, *$%()' /% %( ")" (" %)( #/7$%)' 0' (%#%$&'&% 7$#', #"*" %0 '/' +")'70%. S/% 0' &o#!*)) )*l #o%&'-o, #"*" #"(%#/%(#$' &% 0" #'*7$" #/0)/'0% 9 "#$'0%, 0' $(=0/%(#$' &% 0' +/70$#$&'& 9 0" *%&$" &% #"*/($#'#$8(. N'#%( 0' %'*+& *%*g0&, #"( 0' =/(#$8( &% $()%()' =%(' 0' &%'&'#$8( *%&$"'*7$%()'0 &%0 +0'(%)'. A+'%#% %0 #"(#%+)" &% )*&ollo &o&*%!bl*. S!&*- So#!l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
P$(' 4 &%
INTERVENCIÓN SOCIOCOMUNITARIA
3.
TEMA- 4
BASES ANTROPOLÓGICAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LAS SOCIEDADES HUMANAS.
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ESTRUCTURAS COMUNITARIAS.
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