Techlog 2011.1 Fundamentals H

Techlog Fundamentals Fundamentals Workflow/Solutions Training Version 2011.1 2011.1

Schlumberger Information Solutions March 2, 2011

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March 2, 2011

Table of Contents

About this Manual Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What You Will Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What to Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Course Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Module 1: Basics of the Techlog Window Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Lesson 1: Components of the Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Procedure 1: Moving the Dock Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lesson 2: Main Dock Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Main Actions in the Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Output Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Procedure 1: Moving the Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Zonation Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Workspace Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Module 2: Data Import Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Lesson 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Procedure 1: Importing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Lesson 2: DLIS File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Exercise 1: Importing DLIS Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lesson 3: LAS File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Exercise 1: Importing LAS Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Lesson 4: Text File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Exercise 1: Importing Stratigraphy Data from a TXT File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Exercise 2: Importing Filename TOPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Exercise 3: Importing Filename TOPS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Exercise 4: Importing Filename TOPS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Lesson 5: CSV Spreadsheet Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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Exercise 1: Importing a CSV Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Exercise 2: Importing Formation Pressure.xls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exercise 3: Importing a Thin Section Analyses (Table) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Lesson 6: Image File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Procedure 1: Importing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exercise 1: Importing Core Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Lesson 7: XML File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Procedure 1: Method 1: Importing XML Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Procedure 2: Method 2: Importing XML Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Exercise 1: Load the LQC data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Lesson 8: Well Identification Solver: Data Import Under the Same Name . . . . 54 Exercise 1: Importing Under the Same Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Module 3: TVD Computation and Index Data Set Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Lesson 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Lesson 2: TVD Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Procedure 1: Compute the TVD, TVDSS and other Measurements from a Survey Data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Exercise 1: Running a TVD Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Lesson 3: Index Data set Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Procedure 1: Creating an Index Data Set between the References of the Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Exercise 1: Manually Creating an Index Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Module 4: Variable Management Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Lesson 1: Families Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Families Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Procedure 1: Editing Family Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Exporting and Importing Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Exercise 1: Editing Family Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Procedure 2: Creating a New Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Exercise 2: Family Assignment Rules Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Lesson 2: Aliases Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Aliases Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Exercise 1: Adding a New Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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Aliases Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Exercise 2: Creating LQC Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Module 5: LogView Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Lesson 1: LogView Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Core Image Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Lesson 2: Zonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Lesson 3: Plots in Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Plot Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Procedure 1: Plotting a Variable Depth Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Lesson 4: Save a Layout and Create a Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Procedure 1: Applying a Layout to Wells in the Same Layout . . . . . . . . . . 102 Procedure 2: Applying a Template to Other Wells or Data Sets . . . . . . . . 102 Exercise 3: Building a LogView Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Exercise 4: Displaying Well Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Exercise 5: Displaying Core Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Exercise 6: Displaying Plots in Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Exercise 7: Applying a Layout to Other Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Lesson 5: New Features in Version 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Procedure 1: Synchronizing Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Procedure 2: Creating a Zone in LogView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Module 6: Cross-Plot Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Lesson 1: Appearance of the Cross-plot Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Display and Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Lesson 2: Cross-plot Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Lesson 3: Cross-plot Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Interactive Selection Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Lesson 4: Regressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Procedure 1: Entering an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Procedure 2: Editing, Removing, and Copying an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Procedure 3: Saving the Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133


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Module 7: Zonation Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Lesson 1: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Procedure 1: Using a Zonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Lesson 2: Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Procedure 1: Loading Data in the Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Procedure 2: Adding a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Miscellaneous Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Exercise 1: Editing a Zonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Lesson 3: Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Procedure 1: Editing an Existing Set of Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Procedure 2: Creating a New Set of Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Procedure 3: Creating a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Procedure 4: Picking Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Leaving Non-Interpreted Gaps between Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Saving Zonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Properties Window of the Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Exercise 1: Creating a Layout in the Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Lesson 4: Graphical Tools for Creating and Editing Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Add a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Split a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Procedure 1: Merging a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Disconnect Two Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Move to the Top of a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Delete a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Exercise 1: Editing a Zone in LogView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Module 8: Data Editor Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Lesson 1: Data Editor Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Edit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Display Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Tools Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Save / Load Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Exercise 1: Creating a New Data Set in Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Lesson 2: Calculating Variables with the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Lesson 3: Equations Management in the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Procedure 1: Creating and Saving an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Procedure 2: Editing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

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Procedure 3: Removing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Exercise 1: Creating an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Procedure 4: Displaying Variable Array Type Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Exercise 2: Computing a Variable with an Array Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Lesson 4: Excel Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Procedure 1: Connecting with Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Exercise 1: Exporting and Importing the GAMM Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Module 9: Depth Shifting Tool and Variables Splice Tool Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Lesson 1: Manual Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Procedure 1: Creating a Depth Shifting Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Procedure 2: Depth Shifting a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Procedure 3: Saving the Depth Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Procedure 4: Applying a Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Procedure 5: Special Feature: Block Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Procedure 6: Horizontal Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Lesson 2: Automatic Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Procedure 1: General Workflow for Automatic Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . 191 Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Automatic Shift Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Exercise 1: Depth Shifting a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Procedure 2: Depth Shifting from the Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Procedure 3: Depth Shifting from the Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Exercise 2: Depth Shifting a Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Lesson 3: Data Sets in the Variables Splice Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Exercise 1: Creating a Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Module 10: Project Data Management Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Lesson 1: Project Browser Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Lesson 2: Issues in the Data sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 The Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Inventory Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Exercise 1: Identifying Issues in a Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216


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Lesson 3: Data Harmonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Data Harmonization using the Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Performing Data Harmonization using the Inventory Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Data Harmonization using Data Harmonization Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Exercise 1: Correcting Data Harmonization Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

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About this Manual

About this Manual This manual discusses the platform tools implemented within Techlog*. Techlog is a wellbore-centric petrophysical application comprising a platform and a suite of add-on application modules. The platform, which is the subject of this manual, comprises tools for loading, visualizing, and editing your data. You will learn how to load data from various vendors and sources, display the data using the various viewers, and use a variety of tools to prepare the data quality control. You will become proficient with the platform tools, and you will gain an understanding of the major principles governing the software. This training will prepare you for additional courses and advanced training.

Learning Objectives After completing this training, you will know how to: •

load various types of data, including logs, cores, images, arrays, zone tops and more

•

visualize the data using a variety of visualization tools

•

manipulate data at a simple curve level (editing, smoothing) and at the data set level (depth shifting, splicing, harmonizing).

•

You also will know where to find functions amongst the editors and graphics tools.


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About this Manual

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What You Will Need In this training you will need the following documents, hardware, and software: •

Operating system (your option): • Windows 7 (32-bit or 64-bit) • Windows Vista (32-bit or 64-bit) • Windows XP (32-bit or 64-bit)

•

8GB RAM minimum available for Techlog

•

Techlog installation file

•

Techlog license file

What to Expect In each module within this training material, you will encount er the following: •

Overview of the module

•

Prerequisites to the module (if necessary)

•

Learning objectives

•

A workflow component (if applicable)

•

Lessons, explaining a subject or an activity in the workflow

•

Procedures, showing the steps needed to perform a task

•

Exercises, which allow you to practice a task by using the steps in the procedure with a data set

•

Scenario-based exercises

•

Questions about the module

•

Summary of the module.

You will also encounter notes, tips and best practices.

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About this Manual

Course Conventions Content in this manual uses the following conventions. Characters in Bold

Represent references to dialog box names, application areas, or commands to be performed. For example, "Open the Open Asset Model dialog." Denote keyboard commands. For example, "Type a name and press Enter ." Identify the name of Schlumberger software applications, such as ECLIPSE or Petrel.

Fixed-width characters inside <> triangle brackets

Indicate variable values that the user must supply, such as and .

Characters in italics

Represent file names or directories, such as "... edit the file sample.dat and..." Represent option areas in a window, such as the Experiments area. Identify the first use of important terms or concepts. For example, "compositional simulation…" or “safe mode operation.”

Characters in fixed-width

Represent code, data, and other literal text you see or type. For example, enter 0.7323 .

NOTE: Text you must enter is indicated in a fixed-width font or a fixed-width font inside triangle brackets. Do not include the brackets when you enter the required information. Instructions to make menu selections are also written using bold text and an arrow indicating the selection sequence, as shown: 1. Click File menu > Save. (The Save Asset Model File dialog box opens.) OR Click Save Model

.

An ‘OR’ is used to identify an alternate procedure.


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About this Manual

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Icons Throughout this manual, you will find icons in the margin representing various kinds of information. These icons serve as at-a-glance reminders of their associated text. See below for descriptions of what each icon means.

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About this Manual

Summary In this introduction, we: •

defined the learning objectives for the training

•

outlined what tools you will need for this training

•

discussed course conventions that you will encounter within this material.


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About this Manual

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NOTES

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Basics of the Techlog Window

Module 1 Basics of the Techlog Window The Techlog window is very flexible. You can customize its appearance and organization to suit your working habits. Begin by learning the default location and functionality of each window.

Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will be familiar with the primary components of the Techlog main window (Figure 1) and you will know how to: •

customize the interface of Techlog

•

access project data

•

access Techlog modules. 1. Title bar 2. Menu bar 3. Tool bar 7. Properties window 6. Display area

4. Project browser

8. Zonation window 9. Action manager 10. Palettes ed itor 11. Contact manager

5. Outpu t window

12. Workspace man ager 13. Status bar

Figure 1

Default position of the main dock windows in Techlog


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Lesson 1

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Components of the Main Window

1.

Title bar

Indicates the version of Techlog as well as the name of the project. The status of the project and the name of the active workspace are also indicated.

2.

Menu bar

Shows the Techlog domain menus: Platform, Utility, Log, Geology, Drilling, Reservoir , and Geophysics. The icons at the right end of the Menu bar can be used to increase the size of the display area. •

Click

to hide the Toolbar menu.

•

Click or press F11 to hide the dock windows.

To restore the dock windows view, click or press F11. 3.

Toolbar

These icons allow you to quickly access Techlog tools and plots under the Techlog menu. You can launch modules such as Quanti, FPress, SHM, and others. The toolbar contains commands related to the project and the modules active in the project.

4.

Project browser

Shows all the data and Techlog objects loaded in the project. Any global action on the database, such as data importing or data filtering, can be done in the Project browser.

5.

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Output window

Displays messages from the system, including information and warnings, and allows you to diagnose issues when working in Techlog.


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6.

Display area

Area where all Techlog objects display (LogView, crossplots, histograms, and more).

7.

Properties window

Displays properties of the selected objects. Most Techlog objects can be retrieved, modified, and configured from this window, including the units of a variable and parameters.

8.

Zonation window

Stores all the interval sets within the project. It also permits you to limit the data display and analysis to a specific set of intervals.

9.

Action manager

A listing of all the possible actions available on the selected object.

10.

Palette editor

Select, create, and modify color palettes.

11.

Contact manager

Allows you to manage contacts in the project.

12.

Workspace Allows you to switch from one workspace to manager another. Techlog operates a system of independent workspaces to optimize the display.

13.

Status bar

The status bar provides information about available memory and disk space.


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Procedure 1

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Moving the Dock Windows

All the windows described are dockable windows. This means they can be re-arranged at your convenience. Become familiar with manipulating the position of dockable windows by mov ing the Project browser . To display the Dock Windows list, right-click in the Toolbar and select the Dock windows menu. TIP: You also can activate or deactivate a docking window from the Dock windows menu. To move the Project browser : 1. Click on the window header and drag-and-drop it to the right. The Project browser is now an independent window that can be moved to another screen. In Dashboard mode, you have the option to display any window outside the Techlog window, such as the application in one screen and all windows (properties, project browser, action, zonation...) in a second screen. 2. Move the Project browser above the Properties window. The Project browser and the Properties window are now docked, with two tabs displayed in the same window. 3. Restore the windows to their default position. In the View menu, click Restore default positions

.

NOTE: It is also possible to pin (auto-hide) the dock windows individually to the left, right, or bottom.

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Lesson 2

Main Dock Windows

Each of the main windows in Techlog is described in detail.

Project Browser The Project browser is where you access and display various Techlog objects and perform simple operations. Click Datasets to view a list of Techlog objects (Figure 2) that includes project wells, data sets, and variables (Figure 3 and Figure 4). The icon representing the data set or the variable provides you with information on the data set or the type of variable.

Figure 2

Listing of objects

Figure 3

Saved layouts and plots


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Figure 4

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Saved workflows

The display can show a variety of other Techlog objects.

Main Actions in the Project Browser Actions can be applied on wells, data sets, and variables directly from the Project browser . If you right-click on a Techlog object, you will see an interactive list of the actions available. For example, right-click on a well, a data set, or a variable and view the information displayed for each. The available actions in the contextual menu (Figure 5) depend on the object you select.

Figure 5

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Contextual menus


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Output Window The Output window contains information on every operation being run in Techlog. The messages provide you with valuable information and alert you to issues with the applications. Messages display in one of three colors, depending on the content of the information: •

Green is for information.

•

Orange is a warning.

•

Red is for errors.

•

Blue is for command lines.

Each error and warning message is documented with an explanation about why the error or warning occurred. A sample green information message is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6

Information message after importing a data set

Properties Window The Properties window displays the parameters of any selected object: a variable, a workflow, a log view, and more. The content of the window depends on the selected object and you can edit the properties of the object. For example, if the variable CLITH is selected in a layout, the window shows the Display properties.

Procedure 1

Moving the Properties Window

To manipulate the Properties window: 1. In the Project browser , choose the variable CLITH in Well2, DATAFULL. 2. Press the F4 shortcut key to bring the Properties window to the front. Note that you can manually edit the unit of the variable.


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3. Press F4 again to dock the Properties window in its original place. Figure 7 shows the important controls in the Properties window when an object is selected: •

Type of the selected object

•

Full name of the object

•

Tabs for access to parameters and properties of the object.

TIP: Properties you can edit in the Properties tab are accented in green.

Figure 7

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Key items of the Properties window


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Zonation Window The Zonation window stores all the interval sets in the project. Zones selected in the Zonation window are reflected in plots displays and workflows. To select zones, choose the name of the set from the drop-down list (Figure 8). In this example, only one set, named STRATIGRAPHY, exists.

Figure 8

Select a zonation data set


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After you select a data set, a list displays containing all the zones within the zonation set. For example, in a layout, the selected zones in the Zonation window are highlighted in the layout (Figure 9).

Figure 9

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Zones selected in the zonation window are highlighted


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Workspace Manager The Workspace manager lists the workspaces opened in Techlog, and the windows opened within each workspace, such as plots and workflows. Figure 10 shows the active windows and workspaces displayed in bold. The workspace can be renamed and saved. When you reopen the workspace, the windows will be arranged the same way as they were when you saved the workspace. In this instance, the active window is the layout UnknownMW in the workspace Techlog workspace.

Figure 10

Workspace manager showing three workspaces

You can switch from one workspace to another by double-clicking on it in the Workspace manager . You can also close windows (Figure 11) or entire workspaces from the contextual menu.

Figure 11

Workspaces and windows can be closed


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Review Questions •

What is the purpose of using the F11 key? What are the other options to have more space on your workspace?

•

How can you access to the list of dock windows?

•

How to change from Dashboard mode to Floating mode?

•

What is the importance of the output window?

Summary In this module, you learned about:

20

•

using the Techlog main window

•

customizing the interface of Techlog

•

accessing project data

•

accessing Techlog modules.


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NOTES


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NOTES

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Data Import

Module 2 Data Import Techlog can integrate many types of data, including log data, point data, seismic, deviation files, and image files. Techlog also supports a variety of the most common formats, including LAS, GeologASCII, DLIS/LIS, ASCII file with the wizard, core images, TechCSV, and the Techlog format (XML).

Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to import: •

data files, such as DLIS, LAS, and TXT formats

•

spreadsheet files

•

image files, such as PNG and TIFF

•

XML Techlog files.

You also will know how to use the Well Identification Solver .


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Data Import

Lesson 1

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Introduction

You can import data in four ways, all of which are shown in Figure 12. •

Drag-and-drop the files to be imported into Techlog (LAS, DLIS, Techlog XML, CSV files).

•

From the Project menu, select Import.

•

Select TL > Import

•

Press Ctrl + Shift + J,I.

Figure 12

.

Import option

Regardless of the method you choose, the action opens the import buffer (Figure 13) in the Project browser dialog. The import buffer holds in a temporary disc space all the data you choose to import. You can quality check the properties of each variable to be imported before it is formally imported into the project. NOTE: Some variables will display in your Project browser in black, gray, or red.

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Figure 13

Data Import

Project browser (left) and the import buffer (right)


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Data Import

Procedure 1

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Importing Data

This procedure is applicable for most of the files you will load into Techlog. To import data: 1. Select TL menu > Import 2. Click Open

to open the Import buffer.

and browse for the files to be imported.

3. If the data cannot be automatically parsed by Techlog, the ASCII Import wizard displays. In the Properties window of the wizard (on the right-hand side), define these parameters: • The data set type you wish to import: continuous, point data, interval... (If you are importing zonation data sets, make sure the Dataset type property is set to interval

.)

• The location of header information in the ASCII file (properties: Import from line, Variable name line, and Unit line). • Delimiter settings. 4. Click the Preview button. 5. In the Preview window, define these parameters: • Reference column (mandatory) • If applicable, the Well name and Dataset name columns You can remove the unnecessary columns by clicking Remove column(s). NOTE: It is not necessary to define the Variable and Array columns. Techlog identifies them automatically. 6. Click the Load to the import buffer button. 7. Click Import browser .

to formally import the data into the Project

Notice that some variables display in black, gray, or red. • Black indicates a variable has a unit and has been assigned to a family. • Gray indicates the variable is missing - a family or a unit. • Red indicates the variable has no unit and no family assigned to it.

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Data Import

8. After data have been imported, click Delete content of the import buffer. 9. Close the Import buffer by clicking Close

Lesson 2

to clear the .

DLIS File Import

There are two ways you can import *.dlis data: File(s) import or Selective DLIS import. File(s) import (Figure 14) loads the header and the data, applies the family assignment rules, and calculates statistics when loading to the buffer.

Figure 14

File(s) import dialog

Selective DLIS import (Figure 15) loads the header to the buffer and applies the family assignment rules (quick load). When you


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Data Import

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transfer files to the Project browser , it loads the data and calculates statistics.

Figure 15

Selective DLIS import dialog

This type of import is useful when working with large files or when you wish to view the content of the file. Imported data are displayed in the import buffer where you can verify that all variables are present. After data are imported into the buffer, highlight the data sets to be imported into the project and click the green arrow

28

to move


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Data Import

them into the Project browser (Figure 16). You can observe the progress of the import in a Techlog window.

Figure 16

Data import into the Project browser

Exercise 1

Importing DLIS Log Files

In this exercise, you will load .dlis data. To import DLIS log files: 1. Select TL > Import

.

2. In the Import buffer , click the drop-down menu and choose Selective DLIS import. 3. Click Open

.

4. Choose the files listed under \DATA\01 DLIS\Dataset full and click Open. You should see five files: • Well1.dlis • Well2.dlis • Well3.dlis • Well4.dlis • Well9.dlis.


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Data Import

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5. When the files are added to the import buffer, they are added as well names. Expand each well and view the data sets. 6. Choose the data set DATAFULL for all five wells and verify that the names are correct. 7. Click the Import green arrow in the Project browser .

to formally import the data

8. Verify that your data were correctly imported by expanding the wells and the data sets. 9. Click on a variable and look in the Properties dock window. The properties for each variable display. TIP: The shortcut for viewing the Properties window is F4. Notice that some variables display in black, gray, or red. • Black indicates a variable has a unit and has been assigned to a family. • Gray indicates the variable is missing - a family or a unit. • Red indicates the variable has no unit and no family assigned to it. This display helps you harmonize and quality check the data. (These topics are discussed later in the training.) 10. After you quality check the data, click Delete content of the import buffer. 11. Close the Import-Export buffer by clicking

to clear the .

TIP: If you click the X (in the upper right corner of the window) to close the Import buffer window, both the Project browser and the Import buffer window will close. To reactivate the Project browser and Import buffer , rightclick Dock windows and select Project browser .

Lesson 3

LAS File Import

When importing *.las files, set the drop-down menu in the import buffer to the File(s) Import method (Figure 17). All other steps in

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Data Import

the import process are identical to the procedure for importing *.dlis data.

Figure 17

LAS file import dialog

Exercise 1

Importing LAS Files

In this exercise, you will load the Hole Azimuth and Deviation surveys into Techlog. These surveys are provided as las files. To import *.las data: 1. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 2. Click Open

.

3. Choose the files listed under \DATA\02 LAS\Dataset full and click Open. • Well1.las • Well2.las • Well3.las • Well4.las • Well9.las 4. Expand each well and view the data sets.


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Data Import

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5. Choose the data set SURVEY for all five wells and click to formally import the data in the Project browser . The figure shows the import buffer after adding the SURVEY files.

6. Verify that your data were correctly imported by expanding the wells and the data sets. You can see that the SURVEY data set has been added to each well.

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Data Import

7. The figure shows the Project browser after the SURVEY data are imported.

8. Click on a variable and look in the Properties dock window. The properties for each variable display. TIP: The shortcut for looking in the Properties window is F4. 9. Click

to delete the content of the import buffer.

10. Close the Import-Export buffer by clicking

Lesson 4

.

Text File Import

Text files are imported as *.las files using the File(s) Import method. Before *.txt files are added to the import buffer, they display in the Data import wizard window (Figure 18). In this window, you can verify that your data will be correctly imported. Data import wizard allows you to configure many parameters: •

Data set type: continuous data, point data, intervals, and more


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Data Import

•

Specific lines from which to import

•

Line for unit, if it exists

•

Delimiter of the original file.

Figure 18

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Data import wizard for zones import


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Data Import

Exercise 1

Importing Stratigraphy Data from a TXT File

In this exercise, you will import the stratigraphy data for Well1, Well2, Well3, Well4, and Well9. Before starting the exercise, you can open the .txt file to have a look to the data you are about to import (Figure 19).

Figure 19

TXT file list


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Data Import

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To import stratigraphy data from a .txt file: 1. Select TL > Import

.

2. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import.

3. From the folder \DATA\03 TXT , import the file ZONES.txt . The Import Wizard window opens. 4. In the Property area, change the Dataset Type to Interval. Notice that there are no units in this file. 5. Add the unit (ft) to the Reference variable.

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Data Import

6. Click Preview. Your Data import wizard window should match the figure in Step 2.

7. Click Load to the import buffer . 8. Make a quality check of the data added to the import buffer. 9. Click

to formally import the data in the Project browser .

10. Click

to delete the content of the Import-Export buffer.


.

TIP: You can add multiple files to the import buffer.


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Data Import

Exercise 2

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Importing Filename TOPS1

In the next exercises, you will import three files. Because you can add multiple files in the Techlog Import buffer, you will do the final import to the Project browser at the end of Exercise 5. To import filename TOPS1: 1. Select TL > Import

.

2. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 3. From the folder \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\01 Import various test configurations\ import the file TOPS1.txt . The Import Wizard window opens. 4. Define the Well name column. 5. Define the Dataset name column. 6. Define the Reference unit. 7. Define the Dataset type (Interval). Two settings were configured automatically: • Variable name line was set to 1. • Data import will be done from line 2. NOTE: These settings should be verified for any future files.

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Exercise 3

Data Import


To import filename TOPS2: 1. Select TL > Import

.

2. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 3. From the folder \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\01 Import various test configurations\ import the file TOPS2.txt. The Import Wizard window opens. 4. In the Properties window, set the Zonation mode to Yes. You are now able to select Top or Bottom in the table, as shown in the figure in Step 5. NOTE: The property Dataset type was automatically set to interval. 5. Define the Top and Bottom columns and verify they have the correct units. In this exercise, there is no need to define the reference curve. The Top variable will be used as a reference.


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Data Import

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6. Define the Well name column. 7. Define the Dataset name in the Property area. If no column is defined as data set name, you have the option of entering a name. 8. Click Load to the import buffer . Red error messages display in the output dock window during the import process.

9. Review the original file and make corrections as needed. Notice that a dot is missing in line 26 of the original file. Instead of displaying a depth of 10983.4, the depth displays as 109834. TIP: It is possible to edit the file that is currently loaded with the wizard. Any modification performed (and saved) in the original file will be immediately propagated in the wizard after clicking Preview. 10. After saving corrections to the TOPS2.txt file, repeat steps 1 through 5 to import it.

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Data Import

Exercise 4


To import filename TOPS3: 1. Select TL > Import

.


3. From the folder \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\01 Import various test configurations\ import the file TOPS3.txt. The Import wizard window opens. 4. In the Property area, define Delimiter > Others as a ( ' ) separator and click Preview. 5. Set Combine consecutive separators to yes and click Preview. 6. Remove the unit from the Well name column. 7. Add a unit (ft) to the Reference column. 8. Define Dataset name as TOPS3. 9. Set the Dataset type as interval. 10. Click



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Data Import

11. Click

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to delete the contents of the Import-Export buffer.


Lesson 5

.

CSV Spreadsheet Import

Core data are imported as point data in *.csv format using the File(s) import option. Display the Data import wizard to verify or change property settings. NOTE: Excel files (.xls and .xlsx are binary files and cannot be imported using the ASCII import wizard. If you must import Excel data in *.xls (MS Office 2003) or *.xlsx (MS Office 2007 and 2010) formats, save the files in the *.csv format, then import the .csv files into Techlog.

Exercise 1

Importing a CSV Spreadsheet

In this exercise, you will upload core analyses in.csv format. To import this type of spreadsheet: 1. Open the folder \DATA\04 CSV and import the file Well1. The Data import wizard displays. 2. Verify that these property settings are correct or make changes accordingly. a. Set the Dataset type to Point Data. b. Add units to variables. c. Set the Variable name line to 1. d. Set the Import from line to 2. e. Add the ft unit to the reference if it was not added before.

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Data Import

3. After your point data are added to the import buffer, you should see a display similar to the figure. The name of your point data set should be MICP. 4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 to import Well2, 3, 4, and 9 MICP data.

Exercise 2

Importing Formation Pressure.xls

To import the file: 1. Open the Excel file from \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\02 Tables and spreadsheets\formation pressure.xlsx and save it with the same name in a *.csv format, comma delimited file. 2. Define Dataset name and import the data to only the buffer. Notice that the curves were imported as array (vector) data . This is done because, in the original file, at least one depth repeats itself. 3. Clean the buffer by clicking Clear import Export

.

4. In the import buffer, click on the word Datasets. In the Properties window, look for the option named ASCII import.


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Data Import

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5. Highlight Array creation policy and choose the option add an epsilon to the reference value. This option remains selected for any type of data.

This configuration is not optimal for other types of data, such as Capillary Pressure curves. Choosing the option ask for each case may be useful for future import sessions. 6. If you forgot to configure the Well and Dataset names, make these entries by right-clicking and using the context menu. 7. Click Import browser .

44

to formally import the data in the Project


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Exercise 3

Data Import

Importing a Thin Section Analyses (Table)

In this exercise, you will upload a different type of data: a thin section description provided as a .csv file. To import a thin section analysis table: 1. Select TL > Import

.


3. From the folder \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\02 Table and spreadsheets\ import the file Thin section analysis.csv. The Import Wizard window opens. 4. Define variable name line as line 3 (of the original file) and click Preview. Notice that this file has no units. 5. Define unit line as line 0 and click Preview.


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Data Import

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6. Notice that, in this instance, the application begins importing the file only from line 10. 7. Define import from line as line 4 and click Preview. 8. If you wish to visualize additional lines in the lower table, increase the number of available lines and click Preview. 9. Define the curve to be the Reference of the data set. 10. Add units to the curves and enter a name for Dataset name. 11. Remove the Well name from column 1 and add the correct well name.

Lesson 6

Image File Import

Image files can be imported using the Images import with wizard option (Figure 20) from the Import buffer .

Figure 20

Images import with wizard option

In the Image import wizard window, you set parameters in the Dataset information and Image information areas of the wizard to determine how Techlog should read the file. Upon import, you can either copy the actual file and place it in the project, or copy a link to the location of the image. WARNING: Core images cannot be imported by drag-and-drop into Techlog. The data needs to be imported using Image import with the wizard to be sure Techlog puts the images at the right depth.

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Data Import

The Image import wizard dialog (Figure 21) allows you to choose and preview image files to import.

Figure 21

Image import wizard for image files

Procedure 1 Importing Images This procedure shows you how to load core data images into Techlog. To import images: 1. Select TL menu > Import


2. Set the import format to Images import with wizard

.

3. Click Open and navigate to your image folder. 4. Choose all the images you wish to load and click Open. The Image import wizard opens. NOTE: Techlog allows you to import *.png, *.tif, *.jpg, *.bmp, *.gif image formats.


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Data Import

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5. Enter a name using the correct convention. Type the name or choose a predefined pattern. The name of images file must comply with the naming convention for images. For example, if your image is named Well1_CoreImages_1567.png , the naming convention is: %WellName%_%DatasetName%_%DepthTop% If the name of the file is more complex (for example, if the core image file is CD10789 with 10789 the top depth of the core), you must type CD%DepthTop%

with CD before the % to make sure Techlog recognizes the depth automatically. 6. If you wish to copy images into the project, check the option Copy all images into the project. If you do not choose this option, a link will be created between the variable and the actual image during the import process. TIP: If there are a lot of images and it may affect the performance of Techlog, tick Convert all images into 8 colour bits. 7. In the Dataset information zone: a. Choose a proper unit. b. Enter a Dataset name. c. Enter a variable name. 8. You can click Preview to view the correctly displayed depth reference. 9. Click Load to the import buffer . The data set is now added to the Import buffer. 10. Click


11. Click

to delete the contents of the import buffer and close

it by clicking

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Exercise 1

Data Import

Importing Core Images

For this exercise, you will load into your Techlog project some .png and .tiff core images. To import core images: 1. Select TL menu > Import


2. Set the import format to Images import with wizard

.

3. Navigate to the folder \DATA\05 Core images PNG/Well9/ Daylight and choose all files. 4. Click Open. The Image import wizard window opens.

5. Toggle ON Copy all images into the project. NOTE: You are importing the file, not a link to the file. 6. In the Images information area, the Name model field extracts information from the filename. 7. Scroll to the end of the filename list and locate Top DepthBottom Depth, as indicated in the Name model field: %DepthTop%-%DepthBottom%. 8. In the Dataset information area, choose ft from the dropdown list in the Depth unit field. 9. Click Load to import buffer .


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10. Load the second set of images. 11. From the Import wizard, click Open. 12. Navigate to the second image folder \DATA\06 Core Images TIF/Well9/UV and choose all files. 13. Click Open. The Image import wizard window opens. 14. Configure parameters to import *.tiff files. 15. Toggle ON Copy all images into the project and verify the name model to be %DepthTop%-%DepthBottom%. 16. In the Dataset information area, choose ft from the dropdown list in the Depth unit field.

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17. The left-hand side table shows you how the data are stored (a data set with a link to the image at each depth). The righthand scale lets you preview the images. Review the depth table and note the empty intervals. At the bottom right of the window, a view of the image is available and the zoom factor can be modified. Each time a modification is applied to this wizard by clicking Preview, the right-hand scale is updated. TIP: The Maximum interval option is ignored when the top and bottom are available. If only tops are available, a check is run on the difference between them and the maximum interval is chosen. If the difference between tops is longer than the maximum interval, the core length will be equal to the maximum interval chosen to prevent the core image from being stretched between the two tops. 18. Click Load to the import buffer . The data set is now added to the Import buffer. You can see the DaylLight and UV data sets under Well9.

19. Choose Well9 and click the Project browser . 20. Click

to formally import the data into

to delete the content of the Import buffer and close it

by clicking

.


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Lesson 7

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XML File Import

XML files are data files that have been previously processed and exported in Techlog. This format contains all the additional information that a variable may carry, including an associated palette, well color, and more. There are two ways of importing xml files into Techlog. Method 1 uses the import option on the menu; Method 2 uses a drag-anddrop function.

Procedure 1

Method 1: Importing XML Files

To import .xml files: 1. Select TL menu > Import


2. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 3. Click Open to choose the .xml file you wish to import. The data you import are automatically loaded into the Import buffer. 4. Choose the data and click the Project browser . 5. Click

to delete the content of the import buffer and close it

by clicking

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Data Import

Procedure 2

Method 2: Importing XML Files

To import .xml files: 1. Drag-and-drop your .xml file in the display area. 2. The files are automatically parsed in the Import buffer because .xml is the Techlog native format. Techlog XML data file is the preferred format when exchanging data in between Techlog users because it preserves all Techlog-specific settings (Families, History, Well Color, and other settings). 3. Choose the data and click the Project browser . 4. Click



by clicking

.


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Exercise 1

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Load the LQC data

In this exercise, you will load the LQC data. 1. Drag and drop the \DATA\07 XML.xml file in the display area. (You also can select all wells.) 2. The LQC data set for the five wells is now in the Import buffer. Notice that wells have a color and variables have a History (Properties window > History tab).

3. Select all the wells by pressing Ctrl + A within the Import buffer. 4. Click to formally import the data into the Project browser . 5. Click


by clicking

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Data Import

Lesson 8

Well Identification Solver: Data Import Under the Same Name

The well identification solver is a useful process when the names of two wells are not identical due to a typing error, naming conventions, or other activities that lead to a name mismatch.

Exercise 1

Importing Under the Same Name

This exercise shows you how to import data from one well to another well. This is a useful process when the names of two wells are not identical due to a typing error, naming conventions, and so forth. You can import data under the same well by renaming each well or you can use the Well Identification Solver . To import data under the same name: 1. Import the file \DATA\Exercises\01 Import Exercise\04 Well identification solver\RUN1.las to the Project browser . 2. Remove the RUN1 data from the Import buffer. 3. Click

to delete the content of the import buffer.

4. Drag-and-drop RUN2.las, RUN3.las, and RUN4.las to the import buffer. Notice that the name of the well is slightly different for each file. 5. In the Import buffer, click on the word Datasets and view the import properties. The second tab, Well Identification Solver , is active by default.


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6. Verify that the Enable function is set to Yes.

7. On the left side there is a list of all wells in the import buffer, while on the right side there is a list of the wells that already exist in the project. 8. Change the name of the well to Well20 to link the wells in the buffer to the wells in the project.Return to the buffer and click 9. Click

to import the data. to delete the content of the import buffer and close it

by clicking

.

Review Questions

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How can you load data from an excel spreadsheet?

•

Where can you find the Import properties?

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How can you obtain header information while loading a .dlis file?

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Which image formats can you load?


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Data Import

Summary In this module, you were introduced to the Well Identification Solver and learned about importing: •

data files (.dlis, .las)

•

spreadsheet files (csv, txt)

•

image files

•

XML Techlog files.


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NOTES

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NOTES


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TVD Computation and Index Data Set

Module 3 TVD Computation and Index Data Set This module discusses computing a well path true vertical depth (TVD), true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS), X and Y offsets from survey data, and creating an Index data set.

Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to use: •

deviation survey data to calculate the TVD and TVDSS

•

the Reference Dataset tool to create the Index data set.

Lesson 1

Introduction

Within a single well, data sets may have different references, such as Measured Depth, True Vertical Depth, Two Way Time, and more. The Index data set creates a correspondence table using the reference of each data set, which is necessary to link all data sets within a well to plot all data irrespective of their sampling system. Without the Index, data cannot be displayed in 3D plots and some modules, such as Formation Pressure or Pore Pressure Prediction, will not run. Figure 22 illustrates the variety of depth measurements for both onshore and offshore wells, including these important measurements: KB

Kelly Bushing

TVD

True Vertical Depth

TVDBML

True Vertical Depth Below Mudline

MD

Measured Depth (Length of wellbore along path)

TVDSS

True Vertical Depth Sub-Sea measured from the KB


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Offshore

KB

Ground Level

KB = Elevation

Elevation

TVDBML Water Depth TVD TVD MD

Figure 22

TVDBML

TVDSS

Well schematics with different depth measurements

TIP: Why do I need an Index data set if I already have a WellPath data set? The Index data set is a correspondence table between all the references of the well. This includes TVD, TVDSS, and other information in the WellPath data set, in addition to non-depth related references, such as two-way-time (TWT), drilling date time, and more.

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Lesson 2


TVD Computation

The first step in creating the Index data set is computing the true vertical depth (TVD) from the deviation survey. This application is named TVD computation and uses deviation survey data to calculate TVD, the offset of the well, and several additional references.

Procedure 1 Compute the TVD, TVDSS and other Measurements from a Survey Data set To compute depth measurements: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Reference Management > TVD computation. 2. In the Data source selection window, choose the data source to be used for Measured depth, Hole deviation, and Hole azimuth. 3. Drag-and-drop the survey data sets into the Datasets side box. 4. Input variables will be selected according to the data source you selected. If needed, adjust the selected input variables. 5. In the table, adjust the Elevation and Water Depth parameters. 6. Leave the Method set to minimum curvature and click Apply. 7. For each well used as input, Techlog creates a data set named TL_Wellpath containing the TVD, TVDSS, DogLeg severity, and other values.


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Running a TVD Computation

In this exercise, you will compute the TVD from deviation survey data. To run a TVD computation: 1. Select Techdata > Reference management computation

> TVD

.

2. The Data Source selection window lets you choose which mnemonics you wish to use for Measured depth, Hole deviation, and Hole azimuth inputs. Choose the appropriate families (Measured depth, Hole deviation, and Hole azimuth), as indicated in the figure, and click Create. An empty True Vertical Depth window displays. 3. (Optional) If the well is vertical, select the option Vertical wellwithout survey. When toggled ON, the only mandatory input is measured depth.

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4. Create a Conditional selection to select all the surveys from the Project browser . Drag-and-drop the deviation survey data set from the Project browser into the left side of the True Vertical Depth window on the Wells tab.

5. A line appears for each well along with additional parameters. The parameters are read directly from the well Properties window. In this example Well1 appears to have an elevation of 90 feet. Elevation, water depth, and other parameters are automatically populated if these parameters are present in the well properties. TIP: You can check these parameters in the well Properties window. As the five wells are offshore, enter 1,000 ft in the water depth column. Use the right-click button of the mouse to fill up or down.


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6. Scroll across to the Method field on the right side of this parameters line. You can use the drop-down options to change the method used to calculate the TVD curve and sampling rate of the new data set. 7. Click Apply. A new data set named TL_WellPath is created under each well in the Project browser . The software will try to create an Index data set automatically if there is none in your well. This means you will not have to manually create the index data set. Each TL_WellPath data set contains: • MD: Measure depth • BOREHOLE_AZIMUTH • BOREHOLE_DEVIATION • DL: Dog Leg Severity • THL: True Horizontal Length • TVD: True Vertical Depth • TVDBML: True Vertical Depth Below Mudline, measured from the earth's surface • TVDSS: True Vertical Depth Sub-Sea measured from the KB • XOFFSET: Offset in the X direction from the well position, measured from sea level • YOFFSET: Offset in the Y direction from the well position. TIP: The names can be modified in the properties of the method.

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8. Check your results using the Data editor by dragging and dropping the TL_WellPath data set into a Data editor window.

Lesson 3

Index Data set Creation

The Index data set creates a correspondence table using the reference depth of each data set. This step is necessary to link all data sets within a well. Without an Index data set, you cannot display items in 3D, display 2D plots according to various references, or work with specific modules. To work with all Techlog modules or efficiently use simple tools such as LogView, it is necessary to have an Index data set. This Index data set (also called a reference data set) is a correspondence table between all the references of your well: Measured depth, Core depth, TVD, Two-way time, and more.

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Procedure 1 Creating an Index Data Set between the References of the Well To create an Index data set between the references: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Reference management > Reference dataset > Manual build. 2. Drag-and-drop all data sets containing your references into the Datasets side box. Techlog creates a table with one line per data set; the reference variables will be picked for each data set. 3. If necessary, change the reference variables that were picked or you can choose to ignore it. 4. When you are finished, click Apply. An Index data set is created for each well. NOTE: To create a correspondence between two references, both references must be present in the same set.

Exercise 1

Manually Creating an Index Data Set

There are two ways to build an Index data set: manually or automatically. In a manual build, you directly control the creation procedure by choosing which variables to use in the Index data set computation. An automatic build sweeps across all active wells and creates the Index data set in each well with no user input. In this exercise, you will use the manual build method. To manually create an Index data set: 1. Select Techdata > Reference dataset

> Manual build

.

2. Drag-and-drop one or more data sets into the Datasets navigation pane. For this exercise, choose two data sets: • MICP, containing MD and Core depth data • TL_Wellpath, containing MD, TVD, and TVDSS data.


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NOTE: All depth measurements are displayed in the corresponding column.

3. For each data set, choose the curves to use in the Index data set (MD and DEPTH in this case) and click Apply. A new data set named Index is generated from this operation. It comprises all the depth variables from the data sets present in all wells used in the process.

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4. The Index correspondence table can be displayed and checked using the Data editor . Check your results by dragging and dropping the Index data set into the Data editor window.

5. Remove Well1 data sets and repeat the process for the other wells. TIP: Use the Conditional selection tool to create the Index data set for the remaining four wells.


What are the mandatory inputs to calculate TVD?

•

What is the tie in point?

•

In which cases will you need an Index data set?


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Summary In this module, you learned about using:

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•

deviation survey data to calculate TVD

•

the Reference Dataset tool to create an Index data set.


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NOTES


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Variable Management

Module 4 Variable Management Variables are series of data - alphanumeric, scalar curves, or vector arrays - arranged according to a chosen index or refer ence. Upon import, each variable is assigned to a family using the Family assignment rules tool. Each family has its own display properties, regardless of the variable name. For example, any curve assigned to the Bulk Density family displays in a linear scale, using a red color between the limits of 1.95 – 2.95 g/cm3. If the curve has other units compatible with the family's unit, an on-the-fly conversion is done and the display respects the same limits. In this instance, the limits are between 1,950-2,950 Kg/M3. Alias is a generic name for variables, but with an order of priority that can be defined by a user.

Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: •

edit the Families database

•

import and export families

•

use the Family assignment rules tool

•

work with the Alias system.


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Lesson 1

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Families Management

The family controls the display settings of all variables, regardless of the variable name.

Families Database To access the tools that allow you to change families in the database, select the Data tab > Families > Families database (Figure 23).

Figure 23

Menu to access the Families database

The window in Figure 24 lists all families in the database and the display settings for each family.

Figure 24

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Families database window


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Variable Management

Two tabs are present in this window: Families and Edit Families. The Families tab displays the settings (unit, min-max, scale, line color, and more) corresponding to each family. The Edit Families tab allows you to change these settings at three levels: User, Project, or Company.

Procedure 1

Editing Family Settings

Access to family display properties for editing is shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25

Accessing family display properties

Icons in the upper left portion of this window provide these functions: Add a family

Save your changes

Delete a family

Update the display


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To edit family settings: 1. Highlight the family to be edited. 2. Right-click and choose the level at which you want to edit the family. The Edit families tab is activated.

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3. In the Edit families tab, highlight the family to edit and change the settings in the Properties window. The family display settings available to modify are shown in the figure. NOTE: Permeability is automatically assigned a logarithmic scale, display color, line type and thickness, wrap, automatic palette filling, and more. Refer to the figure.

4. After editing the display settings, click

to save the changes.

Exporting and Importing Families You can export the family list to an Excel spreadsheet in *.csv format, modify and add relevant information, then import the revised list. Upon import, you are asked to define in which level the revised list is to be saved: User, Project, or Company (Figure 26).

Figure 26

Exporting the family list in csv (Excel) format


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Exercise 1

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Editing Family Properties

In this exercise, you will edit the properties of the Gamma Ray family. To edit family properties: 1. In the main Data > Techdata > Families > Families database, display GAMM from Well 1 / LQC. The displayed properties have the following values: • LogView colour: Black • Limits: 0 -150 • Baseline: 75 gAPI • Baseline fill: Yellow/Brown.

2. In the window that displays, scroll through the families list and locate the Gamma Ray family. TIP: Press a letter on the keyboard that matches the first letter of the name you wish to locate. In this instance, press G to go directly to this family. 3. Highlight the family Gamma Ray / Gamma Ray and view its display options in the Properties window.

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4. To edit the display, right-click on the family and select Edit the family > Project. This opens the Edit Families tab. 5. Change these settings in the Properties window: • LogView colour: Green • Limits: 0 – 180 • Baseline: 85 gAPI • Baseline fill: Yellow / Dark Brown 6. Click

to save and validate these modifications.

Notice that the modified items are now saved in the Project level. 7. Drag-and-drop the variable in a layout and view the revised display.

8. Repeat the process for the same family but, this time, modify the display properties at the User level. 9. Select Edit the family > user and save your changes. 10. In the Edit families window, click on one of the levels: User, Project, Company or Techlog. 11. View the Properties window. The priority in display settings is User first, then Project, Company, and Techlog, in that order.


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In the Edit families window, you can activate or deactivate the rules for any level. When you deactivate a level, you do not use the settings at that level. Instead, you use the settings for the next level down. Deactivating a specific level is useful when you need to generate a report or other specific output. For example, Gamma ray displayed with Techlog settings is always displayed with a baseline value of 75 for the area fill. If you have no need for the settings, you can remove them from a baseline in the User level. Because you can use your own display settings, identical data may be displayed in different ways. To maintain continuity, use Project settings instead of your personal settings so that all plots in the project are harmonized. The same logic follows for the Company level.

Procedure 2 Creating a New Family You can create a new family at any level. To create a new family: 1. In the Edit families tab, select one level: User, Project, Company, or Techlog. 2. Click Add

.

3. In the window that displays, highlight the main family, family, and level in which to save the new family. TIP: Alternatively, you can add a new family to the predefined list of Main families. 4. After creating a new family, go to the Properties window and define the display settings for the new family. 5. Click

to validate and save the changes.

6. Assign a curve to the new family. Right-click on a curve in the Project browser and assign it to the new family using the contextual menu that displays. 7. Display the curve in a layout and verify the settings are correct.

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Exercise 2

Variable Management

Family Assignment Rules Tool

Upon import, variables are assigned automatically to specific families. This is done on the fly according to the variable name and unit by means of the Family Assignment Rules tool. In the data set DATAFULL, some curves are not assigned to a family and are red in color. This means the curve name did not match the existing rules. To use the Family Assignment Rules tool: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Families > Family assignment rules. This opens the list of all the rules that were applied. 2. Use the Quick Search tool to focus on a family of interest. In this instance, view all the rules in search of the Core Porosity family. Notice that the variable C_PHI was not assigned automatically to this family.

3. To create a new rule, choose the list level in which the new rule will be located. The default level is All. Change the level to the Project level. Notice that all the rules disappear, as they all belong to the Techlog level and the icons that were grayed out are now visible. 4. Click Add

to create a new rule.


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5. Define the main family and family: • Main family: Core Analysis Routine • Family: Core Porosity 6. Define the variable name: C_PHI. 7. Define a unit. If you leave the unit as an asterisk (*), the unit is a wild card. This means the rule will be applied on only the variable name and not its unit.

8. Click OK. 9. Before applying the rule, test which variables will be affected as a result of this new assignment rule. a. Tick the option Test only and click Apply to all variables. b. View the list of variables in the Output dock window. 10. When you are satisfied, uncheck the tick mark from Test only and apply the rule. Notice that the color of the variable changes. 11. Click on the variable C_PHI in the Project browser . The properties of this variable show that it is assigned to the Core Porosity family. 12. Look again at the list of all rules that assign a curve. A new rule displays with a priority above all other rules. NOTE: It is possible for two or more rules to contradict each other. Should this be the case, the rule highest in the list will be applied first.

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13. Repeat Step 3 through Step 11 for the variable name CKK, and assign it to Main family: Core Analysis Routine and Family: Core Permeability. The family assignment rules list also can be exported to Excel, modified, and imported.

Lesson 2

Aliases Management

Aliases are generic names of variables, with an order of priority that you can define. The priority is defined according to the level of the alias - User, Project, Company, Techlog - as well within each level.

Aliases Database To access the Aliases database (Figure 27), select Data > Techdata > Aliases > Alias database.

Figure 27

Accessing the Alias database


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This window displays a list of the alias databases in the Techlog folder (Figure 28). The actions you can take include: Validate and save modifications Add an alias from the selected level: User, Project, or Company Delete an alias from the selected level: User, Project, or Company Increase or decrease the priority of a variable

Figure 28

Alias list under the Techlog folder

Exercise 1

Adding a New Alias

In this exercise, you will add a new alias in the alias database. To add a new alias: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Aliases > Alias database. 2. In the alias database, click Add

.

3. Name the alias Best_GR . 4. Assign the family Gamma Ray to this alias. 5. Define this alias to be at the Project level and click OK. You now have a new alias.

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6. Assign the variable names that will be used with this variable. a. Choose the Alias name BEST_GR and click Add

.

b. Add the following names to the list: •

GR*

•

GR_0*

•

GR_R*

•

GR_NEW


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7. After the names have been added, arrange the list in your preferred order of appearance, which will also be the order of priority.

a. Click

to validate your modifications.

b. Open a multi-well histogram and use the alias BEST_GR by toggling ON Alias

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Variable Management

c. Drag-and-drop the data set in the Wells panel of the histogram window. Notice that the list of available variables corresponds to the priority list you defined in the Alias database. 8. Open a second multi-well histogram but, this time, choose the Gamma Ray family and compare the results. The figure on the left shows a multi-well histogram using the BEST_GR alias, while the figure on the right shows a multiwell histogram using the Gamma Ray family.


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Aliases Inventory The Aliases inventory window allows you to list all the aliases in the project (Figure 29). Using this dialog, you can create Log Quality Control (LQC) data sets. If you need to create a data set (for example, LQC) that will contain the same set of curves for each selected well, you can do it automatically using the Alias inventory window.

Figure 29

Aliases inventory

Exercise 2

Creating LQC Data Sets

In this exercise, you will create a Log Quality Control (LQC) data set using the Alias Inventory tool. To create Log Quality Control (LQC) data sets: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Aliases > Alias inventory. This opens the tool, and lists all the aliases that exist in the Project browser . 2. Click to include these specific aliases in the new data set and click OK. •

DEN

•

GR

•

DT

•

NEU

NOTE: This step reduces the list to only these four aliases. 3. For each well, choose the curves to be included.

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4. In the Properties window, under Alias selection, verify that the property Keep the original variable name in the harmonized data set is toggled to Yes.

5. In the Aliases inventory, click the Build harmonized dataset icon.


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6. Create the harmonized data set. In the Harmonised dataset creation window, enter the information shown in the figure and click OK.

For each well, a new data set is created in the Project browser using the selected curves.


What is the difference between families and aliases?

•

What is the purpose of the Family assignment rules tool?

•

What is the use of having different levels of family assignment rules (user, project, or company)?


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editing the Families database

•

importing and exporting families

•

using the Family assignment rules tool

•

working with aliases.


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Variable Management

NOTES


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LogView

Module 5 LogView LogView is a useful tool that allows you to display any variable present in the Project browser . The actions available in LogView are classified by the type of action and the actions available in the dynamic toolbar depend on the object you select. The fixed toolbar and mouse mode do not change.


configure the appearance of LogView

•

create core image displays

•

build zonations

•

create plots in track

•

save and apply a layout.

Lesson 1

LogView Appearance

LogView can display any type of data, including log, zone, core image, seismic, array data, and core measurements. LogView is accessed in several ways (Figure 30).

Figure 30

Tabs in LogView

To display data, drag-and-drop one or more variables from the Project browser to a LogView window. The variables for each family display according to the parameters set in the Families database. These settings can be viewed in the Properties window (Figure 31). TIP: If you do not see the Menu bar in your log header, click under the

Help icon on top right corner of the log.


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Figure 31

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Menu bars in LogView

In addition to changing the curve color and thickness, tabs in the Properties window allow you to change the scale of the plot, the datum, reference depth, and more (Figure 32).

Figure 32

Tabs in the Properties window

The zoom and scale settings are managed with the mouse (Figure 33). To change the scale, hold down the Ctrl key and rotate the scroll wheel. Set the zoom in three ways:

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Move the mouse up or down while holding the down the scroll wheel.

•

If you have a mouse without a scroll wheel, hold down the Alt key and the left mouse button while moving the mouse up or down.


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LogView

Hold down the middle mouse button and move mouse forwards/backwards.

Change track zoom factor by choosing a track and pressing Ctrl + shift and move the scroll wheel.

Figure 33

Setting the zoom and scale

To improve a layout, many options are available in the LogView Properties window and the Variable Properties and LogView toolbars. (Refer to the user guide for more information). Variable management

Variable appearance

Variable, family, and alias Access to variables from a data set according to a family or alias. Limits horizontal and vertical axes, variable position, boundaries, curve color, line thickness, unit, and connection type. Select the variables (they turn red) and go to the Properties window to adjust the parameters.


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Repeated variable display

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Display the same variable in a track multiple times. This is particularly useful to simulate seismic traces with a repeated display of synthetic logs.

Wrap display

Display the values of a variable not visible in a track.

Text mode

Display text values of a variable in a track.

Multiple variable appearance modification

Apply a modification to multiple variables at the same time.

Reverse variable boundaries

Inverts variable boundaries.

Variable filling and shading

Insert a color filling between a variable and its right or left limit; insert shading between the two curves.

Baseline

Modify track appearance.

These properties can be modified simultaneously: Color, Font, Type, Thickness, Connection, Marker (type and size), Scale, and Type of Limits (Mnemonic, User, and Variable).

Adjust the zoom factor, display or do not display zones, modify the color of the track background and its width, insert a track name in the header, adjust the number of vertical lines, select the color and thickness of vertical lines and their scale (linear or logarithmic). Grid increment modification

As many as three grids can be displayed in a track: the main reference grid, a secondary grid, and a tertiary grid. Each has a user-defined increment, which allows you to capture a greater or lesser amount of detail from the variables displayed.

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Save layout and layout properties

A LogView layout and its properties can be saved and retrieved at a later date. Saved layouts are saved in the Project browser under Layouts.

Apply layout and properties to other data sets/ wells

When a LogView is set up for a particular well, its layout can be used as a model to display other wells. The subsequent wells display the same variables, all of which create a display using the same settings as those of the original layout.

Core Image Display Core images can be displayed in LogView in the same way as any other log. To optimize the display, change the zoom factor in the Properties window of the Core Image track (Figure 34). TIP: You can plot other logs directly on top of a photograph.

Figure 34

Core Image track


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Lesson 2

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Zonations

Zonations allow you to insert and use zonation tracks in a layout. To access this feature, go to the layout and select Insert > Zonation track. If there are several wells in the layout, insert a zonation track for each well by selecting Insert > Zonation track for each well. By default, a zonation track (Figure 35) displays selected zones of the current zonation set used for the layout. The zonation track is updated when you change selected zones or the zonation set. The zonation track also can display other zonation sets in the database. Select a zonation track, use the Properties window to toggle the property Current Zones to No and choose a zonation set in the Zonation data set list. Alternatively, choose a zonation from the drop-down menu in the Zonation dock window and toggle ON the zones to display.

Figure 35

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Zonation tracks


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LogView

Lesson 3

Plots in Track

Plots in Track displays three types of variables: •

a variable in a track over a zone interval

•

a user-defined fixed depth interval

•

a user-defined variable depth interval.

To insert a plot: 1. Highlight a variable. 2. Right-click and select Insert > Plots. Figure 36 shows LogView displaying Neutron and Density variables in the first track, GAMM in the second track, and a Neutron-Density crossplot and GAMM histogram in the third track.

Figure 36

LogView variables and histogram


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Plot Groups Inserting plots on a depth interval or plots per zone creates a plot group, allowing you to apply global properties to all plots within the group. A group is locked by default, but you can unlock the group in the Properties window. To unlock the group, toggle Freeze to No. In a locked group, the display properties are global for all displayed plots from one group. In an unlocked group, the display properties of each plot can be set individually. A group can be copied and pasted into a plot track, moved to a plot track, or removed from a track. For plot per zone and plot by depth interval options, the plotted top and the bottom depths are different from the top and bottom of the plot itself. You can modify the display limits in the Properties window to produce a correct display independently of the area delimited by the plot. Figure 37 shows an example of a corrected group plot.

Figure 37

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LogView

The plot can be moved and stretched in this interval without changing the data. This option is activated automatically when adding plots on a large interval; deactivate it by selecting the plot or plot group.

Procedure 1

Plotting a Variable Depth Interval

A plot can be inserted that corresponds to a user-defined variable depth interval. Choose the depth interval and set the top and bottom of the area of interest (Figure 38).

Figure 38

Configuring a histogram

After creating the plot, you can modify the top and bottom of each plotted interval. To modify the plotted interval: 1. Choose the histogram you wish to modify. 2. In the Properties window, on the Display options tab, set Activate to yes. 3. In the Properties window, set Lock to No. 4. In the Display options tab in the Properties window, modify the top and bottom of the area of interest.


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Lesson 4

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Save a Layout and Create a Cross Section

After setting a layout for a well, you can save the layout and apply it to other layouts. In the Layout window, select Save > Save as layout and the layout is saved to the Project browser under Layouts. A layout can be retrieved at a later time in the project. You can apply it to data sets or wells in the same layout or you can apply it to individual layouts.

Procedure 1

Applying a Layout to Wells in the Same Layout

To apply a layout to wells in the same layout: 1. Select Layout > Other wells (in the same layout) . 2. Choose the wells to which the layout applies. 3. Add wells to the same layout. Optionally, you can save the plot as a template by selecting Save > Save as template. The template is saved in the Project browser under Templates.

Procedure 2

Applying a Template to Other Wells or Data Sets

To apply a template to other wells or data sets: 1. Double-click a template in the Project browser . 2. Set either Well template or a Dataset template. A Well template applies to multiple data sets in a single well; a Dataset template applies to a single data set in multiple wells. 3. Choose the data sets or wells to which the template applies.

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LogView

The difference between a layout and a template is that a template saves only the content of a layout, whereas a layout saves the complete display. The figure shows an example of a plot saved as a template (left) and a layout (right).

An example of a plotted cross section is shown in Figure 39.

Figure 39

Plotted cross section


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Exercise 3

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Building a LogView Plot

Build a LogView plot using a variety of tools. To build a LogView plot: 1. Open a LogView by selecting Platform > LogView. 2. Choose Well1 > LQC > CALI . 3. Drag-and-drop CALI in the LogView. 4. Hold down the Ctrl key and choose GAMM and SONI. 5. Drag-and-drop GAMM and SONI in the same LogView. 6. Zoom in and out by holding down MB2 and moving the mouse. 7. Stretch and squeeze the LogView image by holding down the Ctrl key while scrolling up and down with MB2. 8. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Normal track. 9. Choose DENS and NEUT simultaneously. 10. Drag-and-drop DENS and NEUT into the empty track. 11. Inside LogView, hold down the Ctrl key and click on the DENS and NEUT curves. 12. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Area fill… or rightclick and select Insert area fill between the variables.

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The resulting plot is shown in the figure.

13. In the header, click on the color fill and view the colors in the Properties window. 14. Scroll down to Bi-colour and change the color and pattern by clicking on the Color or Pattern box. 15. Open the data set DATAFULL. 16. Drag-and-drop the variables PHIT_DK and CPHI in the same track. TIP: Log data and point data plot simultaneously on the same track. 17. Using the data set LQC, drag-and-drop FACIES04 into the LogView. 18. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Zonation track. 19. In the Zonation dock window, choose STRATIGRAPHY. NOTE: If all zones show a black square, right-click on a zone name and select Automatic zone colours definition. After assigning the zones a color, toggle them all ON.


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20. Insert an array creation track by selecting Insert > array creation track. 21. In the data set DATAFULL, choose the following variables and drag-and-drop them in the new added track. • VX_CALCITE • VX_ILLITE • VX_KAOLINITE • VX_QUARTZ. 22. When you are satisfied with the plot, select Save > Save as template. 23. Enter Template_ well_1 and click OK. The Well template is located in the Project browser under Layouts. 24. Close the LogView.

Exercise 4

Displaying Well Correlations

This exercise shows you how to display the correlation for the five wells. To display well correlations: 1. Inside the Project browser , double-click on Template_Well_1. 2. Choose Well template > Well 9 and click OK. Scroll down to 10,600 ft. All the variables saved in the template for Well1 are now loaded for Well9 using the same template, except for the array cumulated track. 3. In the Well9 layout menu, click Apply to other wells the same layout).

(in

4. Choose Well1, Well2, Well3, and Well4. All new four wells are included in the same layout as Well9, but they are at lower depths. 5. Scroll up to visualize the wells by right-clicking within ZoneD and selecting Align to the zone… Top zone.

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6. Close the layout. All wells are now aligned to the top of ZoneD, which eases the visualization laterally in the layout.

Exercise 5

Displaying Core Images

This exercise shows you to display the core images you uploaded in Well9. To display core images: 1. Open Template_Well_1 for Well9. 2. Remove the last empty track. 3. Set the layout by clicking

and

.

4. In the Project browser , choose Well9 and choose the DayLight data set. 5. Drag-and-drop the DayLight data set into the layout. Notice this layout does not display the core images well because they are tightly squeezed. 6. Drag-and-drop the save DayLight data set in the layout a second time. 7. Highlight both DayLight tracks by clicking on the log name in the header. 8. In the Layout menu, select Insert > Separation track. 9. Highlight the second DayLight track only.


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10. In the Properties window, click Display options. 11. Select Display in the header > Zoom factor and enter 80.

12. The second core track is stretched to provide better visibility.

13. Click Show the values

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14. Click Show the position lines variables at a depth display.

LogView

. The exact value of the

15. Choose SONI by clicking on the curve. 16. Right-click and select Add a fill to the lower limit Colour window opens.

. The

17. Select the area fill in the LogView. 18. Click the Palette tab and choose the Palette WBI256.

19. In the Palettes dock window, manually change the color scale. 20. Set the lower limit to 50 and the higher limit to 150. Observe the results in the layout. 21. Close the Well9 layout and save it as Well9_Layout .


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Exercise 6

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Displaying Plots in Tracks

It is always useful to display crossplots (or histograms) next to your LogView layout. This exercise shows you how to insert crossplots in your LogView layout. To display plots in tracks: 1. Open a new layout. 2. Drag-and-drop the variables GAMM, NEUT and DEN from Well2 and the data set LQC. TIP: NEUT and DEN are in the same track. 3. NEUT shows anomalous data, so scroll down to 2,350 m to visualize the correct data. 4. Highlight the GAMM curve and notice that new icons are displayed for histograms in the left-hand toolbar. 5. Select Insert > Plot > Histogram . A histogram is inserted next to the GAMM variable. 6. Choose the top or base of the Histogram box and stretch or squeeze it. Notice that the histogram changes depending on the data interval it comprises.

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7. Choose the NEUT and DENS curve. New icons display on the left-hand-side in addition to the Histogram icons. 8. Right-click and click Insert a cross-plot

.

9. A crossplot displays. Delete this crossplot.

10. Choose three variables - NEUT, DENS and GAMM - in that order. 11. Click Insert a cross-plot

.

12. In the Palettes dock window, right-click on the color scale displayed and click Edit. 13. Set up a user-defined color palette, as shown in the figure.


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14. Save the palette as User palette. The crossplot is now colored with the new palette.

15. In the layout, insert the SONI variable. 16. Highlight the curve. 17. Right-click and select Insert vertical baseline

.

18. Insert the baseline where you think it is appropriate.

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19. Drag-and-drop the variables AZI and INCLINATION from the Survey data set with the SONI curve. 20. In the Properties dock window, select Text mode > Activate and toggle Yes. The variable display mode switches from curve display to text. 21. (Optional) Change the text font and size on the Text mode tab of the Properties window. 22. Align AZI to the left and align INCLINATION to the right. The resulting layout is shown in the figure.


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Exercise 7

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Applying a Layout to Other Wells

After creating a layout for one well, you will now see how to apply the same layout to any other well. To apply a layout to multiple wells: 1. In the Project browser , expand Well3 and Well4. 2. Choose the DATAFULL and LQC data sets. Notice that neither data set contains a variable named NEUT. Well3 contains the variables CNL_03E and CNL_03R in the DATAFULL data set and well4 contains the NPHI variable in the LQC data set. All three porosity variables are assigned to the Neutron Porosity family. If you apply the Well2 settings to Well3 and Well4, there will be no Neutron Porosity display. 3. In the layout, highlight the NEUT curve. 4. In the Properties window, click the Limits tab and choose Variable management. 5. Set Type: Family. This sets the curve display to search for variables with the same family rather than a variable with the same name. TIP: The Type also can be set to Alias. 6. Without saving the layout, select Layout > Apply to other wells (in same layout). 7. Choose Well3 and Well4. 8. Check the additions of Well3 and Well4. For Well3, the layout displays CNL_03E from LQC, while Well4 displays NEUT from DATAFULL. Both variables are assigned to the Family Neutron Porosity. 9. Close the layout without saving.

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Lesson 5

LogView

New Features in Version 2011

There are many new features in Techlog 2011 and this lesson discusses a few of the more important new functionalities.

Procedure 1 Synchronizing Depth You now have the opportunity to activate a depth listening icon between plots. To synchronize depths: 1. Open a saved layout and the Data Editor . 2. Drag-and-drop the Deviation data set in the Data Editor . 3. In the LogView icons, click Depth interaction.

4. On the Data editor on the Tools tab, click Depth listener .


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5. Scroll down to the bottom of the well in the LogView and click on LogView at that depth. Automatically, the Data Editor sets itself to that depth and the cells closest to that depth are highlighted in red.

Procedure 2

Creating a Zone in LogView

It is now simple and intuitive to create zones directly in LogView. 1. Open a saved Layout and click Quick zone creation

.

2. Click on the depth to add a top. 3. Highlight the Variable name from the header.

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4. Right-click and select Save the zones

LogView

.

5. Name the new zonation Training_zones . They are added to the Project browser as a Zonation data set.

6. To modify the zones interactively, click Zones editing in zonation tracks.

7. Mouse over a zone top until you see a double-sided arrow. 8. Shift the top up or down or press the Delete key to remove it.


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9. When modifications are complete, save the zonation in one of two ways: Save the zonation as you did in Step 4. OR In the Zonation dock window, right-click on the zone name and click Save the zones

.


How do you apply a layout or template to several wells?

•

When you apply a layout or template, how does variable management change (user family alias)? How do you decide which variable to display in the layout? (Press F1 for assistance.).

•

How do you change the properties of: • a variable • a track • a layout?

•

How do you insert a plot or histogram in a layout?

•

What are the different track types?

•

How can you modify the Well header?


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•

configuring the appearance of LogView

•

creating core image displays

•

building zonations

•

creating plots in track

•

saving and applying a layout.


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LogView

NOTES


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NOTES

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Cross-Plot

Module 6 Cross-Plot The Cross-plot tool allows you to compare multiple measurements made at a single reference over a 2D plot. In Techlog, the Cross-plot tool can incorporate as many as five dimensions or variables in a single window, along with filters, charts, secondary variables, user-defined regressions, and equations. The crossplot is linked to all other plots in your Techlog workspace, which means that any point selection you make over the plot is interactively displayed in other plots.


configure the appearance of a crossplot

•

manipulate the plot from tabs in the interface

•

use the Cross-plot tools for selection

•

work with regression equations.


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Lesson 1

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Appearance of the Cross-plot Interface

The Cross-plot tool is in the same menu as LogView. Access this feature by selecting Platform > Cross-plot or Platform > Cross-plots (multi-well). The Cross-plot interface (Figure 40) has a central viewing area in which the crossplot displays. The central display is bounded on three sides by icons. On the left-hand side are the variables and charts displayed over the plot.

Figure 40

Cross-plot interface

The window displays the density values (Y axis) versus neutron values (X axis). Optional dimensions include

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Color scale, related to the Gamma ray

•

Point size, related to the gamma ray value

•

Label, related to the value of the FLD flag curve.


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Cross-Plot

Display and Icons Cross-plot has many icons that make it easy to perform common operations. Display data: Horizontal adjustment Vertical adjustment Global adjustment Choose data points: Object selections Hand move Zoom Interactive selection Remove data points: Interactive eraser Show the values of data points: Show the value


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Lesson 2

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Cross-plot Tabs

There are three primary tabs in the Cross-plot interface that help you display the crossplot: Variables, Filter , and Charts. Data can be dragged and dropped into the corresponding X, Y, and color boxes (Figure 41). You also can visualize the plot without the variables side-box and drop the data over the interactive fields that display when you drag variables over the plot window.

Figure 41

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Cross-Plot

Variables tab

In the Variables tab, you place curves to be displayed by specifying the X axis, Y axis, Color code, Label, and Point size.

Filter tab

The Filter tab allows you to refine the display using a different variable. Most commonly, this is a qualitative variable. For example, you may wish to display data points filtering on facies, fluid code, or any classification group. In this example, choose which facies or which combination of facies to display for a more detailed analysis of the data. In this lesson, you will see how to combine the filter with other tools to provide the most accurate data analysis possible. In the plot of Figure 42, you can see the ensemble of all data with the variable name selected. The plot in Figure 43 displays points belonging to only groups 1, 2, and 3 .

Figure 42

Applying the Filter tab: All data


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Figure 43

Charts tab

Figure 44

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Applying the Filter tab: Points of group 1,2, and 3 only

The Charts tab (Figure 44) adds predefined charts to the data. Charts added over the data points allow you to identify the lithologies and the presence of hydrocarbons.

Charts tab


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Lesson 3

Cross-Plot

Cross-plot Tools

Cross-plot tools offer a variety of options for selecting and displaying data, quality control, and more.

Interactive Selection Mode The Selection tools are used to select data points over one plot and view these points over another plot. You also can apply an action after the points are selected, such as deleting all selected points. You can select data points in two ways. Polygon type selection

Draw a polygon around the area of interest and select the points inside the polygon.

Interactive selection

Click directly over the data points. Select points by mousing over the points.

Selection by Polygon A polygon is a graphical object that allows you to select a precise area within the crossplot. There are many options available when working with polygons (Figure 45). Choose a polygon

Hold down the Ctrl key and click inside the polygon.

Choose two or more polygons

Hold down the Ctrl key and click inside each polygon.

Move a polygon

Choose a polygon and press the keyboard arrows to move the polygon where you want to see it.

TIP: If you choose multiple polygons, all of them will move together.


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Remove a polygon

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Choose a polygon and press the Delete key.

TIP: If you choose multiple polygons, all of them will be removed. Modify the size and shape of a polygon

Choose one polygon point. Hold down the Shift key and click on the polygon point.

Choose all polygons

Ctrl + Alt + left mouse button.

Figure 45

Polygon selection and a log display

Interactive Selection Tool This tool uses a selection brush to choose data points (Figure 46). Options that allow you to choose a brush and adjust the brush size are located in the Properties dock window on the Show options tab. After you select points, there are two ways to clear them:

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•

Clear all selected points by pressing the Esc key or the Space bar .

•

Clear only specific points by using the Interactive eraser or Mouse mode.


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Figure 46

Cross-Plot

Interactivity between plots: Points selected over the crossplot (left) are highlighted over the layout (right)

Lesson 4

Regressions

Regressions are equation lines displayed through the data points. Regressions can be added to fit the displayed data or inserted graphically over the plot. Create a custom regression by clicking toolbar.

in the interactive

Regressions can be inserted in three ways: By filters, By zone, or by Current selection (Figure 47).

Figure 47

By filter regressions


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You also can generate regression lines on only filtered data. •

By filter: If a filter variable is used, a regression is calculated for each filter group.

•

By zone: If specific zones are chosen, a regression is calculated by zone (Figure 48).

•

By selection: • Add (current selection): Generate a regression through selected points using the Interactive Selection tool. • Add (global): Generate a regression that takes into account all displayed data. This does not account for data points that do NOT display.

Figure 48

Regression calculated by current selection

All regression properties can be found in the Properties dock window, including properties such as function type (linear, power, or exponential), plot axes, residuals, and color.

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The syntax used to define regressions is the same as the syntax used in the Data editor . Refer to the help files for more information about predefined operators and correct syntax. Click Help over the interface to view a list of predefined functions and the definition details of an equation.

Procedure 1

Entering an Equation

You can enter your own equations from a crossplot using the Equation editor . Here, you will create an equation and display it in a crossplot. To enter an equation: 1. From the Insert menu, click Add equation

.

OR Right-click inside the cross-plot and select Add equation.

2. Enter an equation using Y and X or the variable names. For multi-well plots, use only X and Y.


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The resulting plot is shown in the figure.

Procedure 2

Editing, Removing, and Copying an Equation

To edit an equation: 1. Highlight the curve. 2. Right-click and select Edit the equation. To remove an equation, highlight the equation and press the Delete key. To copy equations and regressions, select Edit > Regression/ Equation > Copy all equations and functions. The Output dock window displays all the relevant information about the line.

Display Properties Similar to other Techlog objects, you can modify the appearance of the equation line using tabs to change the display properties in the Properties dock window. Appearance tab

Edit the title, its font style and size, scale graduations, and change the background color.

Display tab

Edit the marker size, type, and color

After crossplots are saved, you can apply these settings to other crossplots and use them as default crossplot settings.

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Procedure 3

Saving the Display Properties

From the Save drop-down list, choose Currents. A window opens that allows you to choose which properties to save (Figure 49).

Figure 49

Display properties save window

To apply the properties file to another plot, open a new plot and select Properties > Apply.


What are the different types of plots available in Techlog?

•

How can you insert a plot in a LogView layout?

•

How to insert a second scale in a plot?

•

How to insert an Image in your chart?

Summary In the module, you learned about: •

configuring the appearance of a crossplot

•

manipulating the plot from tabs in the interface

•

using the Cross-plot tools for selection

•

working with regression equations.


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NOTES

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Zonation

Module 7 Zonation A zonation is a specific data set that stores your zones of interest as intervals. In the Project browser , these data sets are displayed with the Add zone with the Dataset type Interval.

Figure 50

icon (Figure 50) and are defined

Zonation data set

Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to create and edit zones using these applications: •

Zone editor

•

Graphical zone editor

•

Other graphical tools in LogView.


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Lesson 1

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Overview

Each zonation is defined by a reference curve and at least one curve defined with the family Zone Name (Figure 51). Other information, such as zone description, Hydraulic zones, Fault block, Zones parameters, and more can be present in the data set. Each zone is defined with a top and a bottom. In the figure, the zone name at depth 7,494 is defined by a missing value. As a result, ZoneC and ZoneE are not contiguous, and there is a gap between depths 7,494 and 7,907. By comparison, there is no gap between ZoneB and the ZoneC, because the bottom of ZoneB is the top of ZoneC.

Figure 51

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Zonation definition


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Procedure 1

Zonation

Using a Zonation

To use a zonation: 1. Choose the zonation in the drop-down list in the Zonation window.

2. Choose the zones to use.


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Lesson 2

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Zone Editor

The Zone editor allows allows you to easily create and edit zonation data sets. Zone settings, such as color and comment, also are accessible and editable using this tool. The Zone editor view view is based on a tree representation of the zonation (Fi (Figu gure re 52). 52).

Figu Figure re 52 52

Top and and bot botto tom m for for each each zon zone e and and well well in in the the Zone Zone editor

Each node represents a zone. The wells display in each column and the zone top or bottom depths display in rows. Each cell displays the depth value at the top and bottom of a zone for a particular well. An empty or missing value in a cell means that no value is defined for the cell.

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Zonation

disp layed can be changed TIP: The order in which the wells are displayed by dragging and dropping the well names into the Zone editor header. header. You You also can rearrange the order of the zones, using either drag-and-drop or the shortcut keys Ctrl + up-arrow or up-arrow or Ctrl + down-arrow. down-arrow. To launch the editor, select Data > Zone editor (Figu Figure re 53). 53).

Figu Figurre 53 53

Laun Launch chin ing g the the Zon Zone edi edito tor r

Proc Proced edur ure e1

Load Loadin ing g Dat Data in in the the Zone Zone Edi Edito tor r

To load data in the Zone editor: 1. Drag Drag-an -andd-dr drop op wel wells ls into into the the Zone editor window. window. 2. Choose Choose a zon zonat atio ion n in in the the Zonation dock Zonation dock window. 3. Toggle ON the zones to edit. edit. After After the data loads, doubledoubleclick on a cell to edit it. When a zone is selected, the lower part of the window updates to show the zone color and description. 4. Assign Assign a rando random m color color to a zone zone color color by clicki clicking ng auto or auto or choose a color by clicking the colored square to the left of the text field.

5. Modify the descriptio description n of the the zone in the the text field. field. All All of your changes are recorded when you save the zonation.


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Procedure 2

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Adding a Zo Zone

To add a zone: 1. Click Add zone

.

2. In the Zonation window, Zonation window, enter the name of the new zone.

If an item was selected previously, the new zone is listed after the selected item; otherwise, it is inserted at the bottom. NOTE: A NOTE: A deleted zone is ignored, while a hidden zone hidden zone (unselected in the dock window) is taken into account when you set values for the zones or save the zonation. 3.

(Option (Optional) al) Remov Remove e a well from from the editor editor usin using g the top top header context menu.

4. After After all chang changes es are comple complete, te, save save the zonati zonation on by clickin clicking g Save . The zonation data set is saved in every well present in the editor. NOTE: When a zonation is saved, if the top of a zone is empty or contains a null value, the zone is skipped. If the bottom of a zone is empty or contains a null value, the top is saved and the bottom is considered to be the top of the next zone.

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Zonation

Miscellaneous Options There are many additional options available in the Zone editor . Unit

Define the unit in which to display values.

Reference

Choose the type of reference with which to work. All the wells present must mu st have the data needed to use the selected type of reference.

Zonation Name

Enter the name of the zonation.

Background zone color

Display the zone color as background color for the item.

Values precision

Set the precision with which the values are displayed.

Values format

Change the way numbers are represented.

Update the editor after zone selection

Set this to update the editor when the selection is changed in the Zonation window and the editor is not the active window. This option is useful when using zones in a log view and editing at the same time.

Use maximal precision when saving

Save values with the maximum precision available or with the currently displayed precision.

Save with the original reference

If this option is set to True, each zonation dataset is saved using a reference identical in type to the original one (if the data set was already present). If this is set to False, zonation data sets are saved using the current reference type.

TIP: Use Ctrl + A to expand/collapse all items.


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Exercise 1

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Editing a Zonation

This exercise shows you how to manually edit a zone using the Zone editor . To edit a zonation: 1. Select Data > Techdata > Zone editor . 2. Drag-and-drop Well1, Well2, Well3, Well4, and Well9 in the Zone editor . 3. In the Zonation dock window, choose Stratigraphy. 4. Highlight all of the zones.

5. Expand ZoneD to display the top and bottom values. 6. Edit the bottom of the zone in Well1 to create a gap between ZoneD and ZoneE.

7. Click Add zone

and name it ZoneG.

8. Highlight the new zone.

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9. In the the cont contex extua tuall menu menu,, selec selectt Fill the row with > The total depth (TD) of each well. well. 10. Click Click Save . Name the new zonation STRATIGRAPHY_EDIT . 11. Verify that this zonation has been created in all five wells. 12. In the the Zonation dock Zonation dock window, choose the new zonation. 13. Highlight Highlight ZoneS. ZoneS. 14. Right-click Right-click and select select Define Zone Color . 15. Choose a color color in the panel. panel.

Lesson 3

Graphical Zone Editor

The Graphical zone editor is is used to create and edit zonation data sets. To open the tool, select Data > Graphical zone editor (Figu Figure re 54). 54). The Zone parameters editor window window opens.

Figu Figure re 54

Laun Launch ch the the Gra Graph phic ical al zone zone edit editor or

The Graphical zone editor is is a layout that looks like a multi-well (MW) LogView. LogView. To differentiate them, the background colors of the layouts are different: grey in the LogView and LogView and yellow in the Graphical zone editor . Many LogView features LogView features are available in the Graphical zone editor . To populate the plot, drag-and-drop variables from the Project browser into the editor. Click Add the zone in the toolbar of the Graphical zone editor . The cursor changes to display the name and color of the current zone. If you selected the option Use the zones of existing zonation in the Zone parameters editor , the Graphical zone editor sets sets this zonation data set as the current zonation data set.


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This means that if you populate the layout, the tops of zones are displayed automatically. You can edit the zone tops by adding, deleting, moving, or changing them. Add a top in a well

Left-click into any well track.

Add a top in multiwells

Press Shift + left-click into left-click into any well track.

Delete a top of a well

Place the cursor on the top you want to delete and press the Delete key. Delete key. The cursor changes its appearance.

Delete all the tops of a zone in single or multi-well

Place the cursor on the top of any zone you want to delete and press Shift + Delete. Delete. The cursor changes its appearance.

Move a top in a well

Place the cursor on the top you wish to move and move it up or down. The cursor changes its appearance.

NOTE: The bottoms are managed as the tops of the zones and are defined with the name -9999.

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Zonation

Edit Editin ing g an an Exi Exist stin ing g Set Set of of Zon Zones es

To edit an existing set of zones: 1. Choose Choose the optio option n Use the the zones zones of existin existing g zonatio zonation n in the upper left corner of the window. 2. Choose Choose the the set set of of zones zones you you wish wish to edit. edit.


Crea Creati ting ng a New New Set Set of Zone Zones s

There are four possible actions when working with zones. Add

Adds a zone when you enter ent er the zone parameters (name, color, and description) in the left side of the window and click Add. Add. The zone is added in the list of the right side side of the window,

Dele Delete te

Dele Delete tes s one one or many many zone zones. s. Choose a zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Delete. Delete.

Move up

Moves a zone up the list. Choose the zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Move up. up.


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Move down

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Moves a zone down the list. Choose the zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Move down. down.

To create a new set of zones: 1. Clear Clear the check check box for for Use the the zones zones of existin existing g zonatio zonation. n. 2. Ente Enterr the the zone zone Name Name.. 3. Defi Define ne a col color or.. 4. Defin Define e a zone zone Des Descri cript ptio ion. n. 5. Click Add

to populate the Zone list.

6. To modify modify a zone, zone, highlig highlight ht the zone in in the list of of the right right side of the window and modify the parameters in the left side.

7. Save the sorting sorting of zone zones s by clicking clicking Save order

.

8. When When all all your your zones zones are created created,, click click Open the editor at at the bottom of the window. The Graphical zone editor window opens.

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Procedure 3

Zonation

Creating a Layout

The Graphical zone editor is used to create a layout and pick a zonation data set. Here, you create the zones and save the newly created zonation data set. To create a layout: 1. Click in the Zone parameter editor window to display an empty layout. 2. Drag-and-drop variables you need for the zonation creation into the layout. In the figure, Gamma Ray curves and neutron-density curves are created for two wells.


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Procedure 4

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Picking Zones

When the layout is ready, you can start picking zones by clicking Add the zone . When you select this tool, the cursor changes and identifies a zone you can pick (Figure 55). In this instance, you can pick the top of Zone 1.

Figure 55

Cursor display when picking zones

Figure 56 indicates the top of Zone 1 has been picked in the layout.

Figure 56

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Picking the top of Zone 1


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Zonation

To pick the top of the next zone: 1. Right-click and select Move to the next zone to be added. OR Right-click and press Shift + S.

2. Pick the next zone. The figure shows the tops of two zones that were picked.

NOTE: At any time, you can add or remove zones by right-clicking inside the plot and selecting Edit the zones

.


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Leaving Non-Interpreted Gaps between Zones To insert a non-interpreted zone between zones, select Edit > Change to missing value zone

or use the shortcut Shift + D.

Figure 57 shows an example of a non-interpreted zone.

Figure 57

A non-interpreted zone between zones

Saving Zonations After you finish picking zonations, you can save them in three ways: Save the zones in the database. Save temporary zones in the table. Save the zones in the database and open a layout.

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Zonation

Properties Window of the Graphical Zone Editor Click on the layout background to activate the Properties window of the editor (Figure 58). By default, this is the beige area surrounding the template. The Zone editor tab allows you to change the properties of the editor.

Figure 58

Properties window of the Graphical zone editor


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There are several options you can use to work with zones in this window. Zone to be added

Define the name of the current zone, the one you wish to use to add new tops.

Mode Automatic zone insert

When toggled ON, it automatically changes the name of the zone to be added. When toggled OFF, you retain the current zone until you intentionally change it in the Properties window or the menu of the layout.

Accept zone overlap

Allows tops to overlap

Ask for zone creation

When toggled ON, it asks for confirmation if you attempt to create the same zone many times in a single well. When toggled OFF, it does not allow you to repeat a zone in a well.

Save with the original reference

Saves the new zonation data set or the modified zonation data set, along with the reference of the original zonation data set (if there is one).

Zones

Displays the parameters of the zones that can be modified: name, color, and description.

Properties of the Tops Click on a top to activate the Properties window of the top (Figure 59). You can change the depth of the top and visualize its name and unit.

Figure 59

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Properties window for tops


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Exercise 1

Zonation

Creating a Layout in the Graphical Zone Editor

The Zone Editor interface is similar to the one in LogView. In this exercise, you use the important functions of the Graphical zone editor . To create a layout in the Graphical zone editor : 1. Open a layout. 2. Drag-and-drop the Gamma ray curve and the Neutron Porosity-Bulk Density curves from Well1 and Well3.

3. Select Advanced > Open the graphical zone editor....


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4. In the Edit the possible zones window, toggle OFF the option Use the zones of existing zonation. 5. Create a list of five zones - Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, Zone4, and Zone5 - by repeating these three steps: a. Enter a name. b. Choose a color. c. Click the action arrow to populate the Zone list.

6. Click Open the editor . 7. Define the tops for Zone1 in the two wells. 8. Move to the next zone to be added (Shift + S). 9. Define the top of Zone2. 10. Change to missing value zone (Shift + D). 11. Define the bottom of Zone2. 12. In the Zone editor tab of the Properties window, choose Zone3 for the parameter zone to be added. 13. Define the top of Zone3, Zone4, and Zone5. 14. Close the latest zone with a missing value. NOTE: The missing value was already present in the layout.

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15. Confirm you wish to add values again in Well1 and Well3. You may observe something similar for these wells. 16. Click Save > The zones in the database. 17. Open a layout.

18. Enter a name for the new zonation, Training Zonation , and click OK. A new layout has been created. Your new layout should be similar to the layout shown in the figure.


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The zonation also is present in the Project browser , as shown in the figure.

19. Access the new zonation from the Zonation dock window.

Lesson 4

Graphical Tools for Creating and Editing Zones

There are several options available in LogView for editing zonations. The options are accessed by clicking Zone editing in zonation tracks

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.

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Add a zone.

•

Split a zone.

•

Merge a zone.

•

Disconnect two zones.

•

Move the top of a zone.

•

Delete a zone.


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Zonation

Add a Zone Click on a depth with no zone to add a new zone (Figure 60). Click in the zonation track to incorporate a new top.

Figure 60

Adding a zone

Split a Zone When clicking on a zone, this one is split into two zones (Figure 61). Click in the zonation track to incorporate a new top.

Figure 61

Splitting a zone


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Procedure 1

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Merging a Zone

When you delete the top of a zone that is connected to another zone, the zones are merged with the upper zone prevailing. To merge a zone: 1. Move the cursor over a top and select it. 2. Press the Delete key. Notice that the cursor changes during this operation.

Disconnect Two Zones To disconnect two zones (Figure 62), click on the bottom grip of a zone and move the cursor upwards. Notice that the cursor becomes an arrow for this task.

Figure 62

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Disconnecting two zones


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Zonation

Move to the Top of a Zone Change the top depth by clicking on the top of a zone and moving the cursor up or down (Figure 63).

Figure 63

Moving to the top of a zone

Delete a Zone To delete a zone, locate the cursor over a zone name and press the Delete key (Figure 64).

Figure 64

Deleting a zone


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Exercise 1

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Editing a Zone in LogView

In this exercise, you create your own zonation from the LogView window. To edit a zone: 1. Create a layout with Gamma ray, Neutron Density, and Bulk Density curves from Well1. 2. Insert a zonation track. 3. Display Zonation Training you created in the previous exercise. 4. Choose all the zones. 5. Click

to change the mouse mode.

6. Click in the middle of Zone2 to split it in two. 7. Use the grip in Zone3 to create a gap between this zone and Zone4. 8. Adjust the length of the zones. Your layout should look similar to the one shown in the figure that follows.

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NOTE: In the Zonation window, the zonation name now appears with an asterisk (*). This indicates that the zone has changed.


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9. Right Right-cl -clic ick k and and sele select ct Save the zonation. zonation.

Review Questions

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How How can can you you crea create te a cros cross s sec secti tion on? ?

•

What What met metho hods ds can can you you use use to to crea create te zon zones es? ?

•

How do you edit zo zones?

•

How can you you mod modif ify y the the app appea earan rance ce of your your zon zones? es?


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Zonation

Summary In this module, you learned about creating and editing zones using three tools: •

Zone editor

•

Graphic hical zone one editor

•

graphical cal tool ools in in the the LogView. LogView.


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NOTES

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Data Editor

Mod odu ule 8 Da Datta Ed Ediito tor r The Data editor allows allows you to observe, change, create, export, import, and discretize data. It allows you to calculate new variables or apply mathematical operations to existing curves. The calculations can be performed on the entire depth interval or only in a restricted interval. Additional mathematical operators include add (+), subtract (-), multiply (*), divide (/), and power (**). power (**).

Learning Objectives After completing this module, modu le, you will know how to: t o: •

acce access ss and and use use the the fun funct ctio ions ns in the the Data editor window window

•

cal calculate varia riables

•

manage equations

•

impo import rt and and exp expor ortt dat data a wit with h Exc Excel el..

Launch the Data editor by by selecting Data > Data editor . After opening the window, choose one or more data sets or variables and drag-and-drop them into the Data editor window window (Fi (Figu gure re 65). 65). You can display variables, variable information, or variable values. Variable information includes the number of values, standard deviation, mean value, and more. Displayed variable values are expressed according to the reference, generally depth.

Figure 65

Data editor tor wind indow


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Lesson 1

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Data Editor Window

The Data editor window window has four main tabs: Edit, Edit, Display, Display, Tools, Tools, and Save / load. load . Each tab displays a unique set of task icons.

Edit Tab There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Edit tab (Fi (Figu gure re 66). 66).

Figure 66 66

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Ico Icons on on th the Ed Edit tab


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Data Editor

Functional Description The icons on the Edit tab Edit tab provide these functions. Go to a specific line. When this icon is activated, dialog boxes are displayed according to the index setting. When the index is toggled to No in the Properties dock Properties dock window, the values are displayed as reference values (MD).

When the index is toggled to Yes, the values are displayed as a row number.

Find and replace variable values. This operation can be applied to a variable or a previously selected area. Copy values into the Data editor . Paste the copied value into the Data editor . NOTE: The keyboard shortcut keys are Ctrl + C (copy) C (copy) and Ctrl + V (paste). V (paste). Copy the current equation. Create a new data set. Create a new (empty) variable. Add a row before the current row. Add a row after the current row.


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Delete the current row or column. A variable can be removed from the Data editor by by highlighting the variable and pressing Delete, Delete, or by right-clicking on the variable header and selecting Remove. Remove.

Display Tab There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Display tab Display tab (Fi (Figu gure re 67). 67).

Figu Figure re 67

Ico Icons on the the Dis Display play tab

Functional Description Switch between Variables mode and Data mode. When changing from one mode to another, the same data are displayed in terms of statistics values for each variable inside the data editor (min, max, mean, standard deviation, more).

Change the row identification from the index to the reference.

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Available when you drag and drop the array variable in the Data editor . To activate the option, click on the header column of an array variable. A window is displayed that allows you to choose which array columns are to be displayed in the editor. Merge variables into an array. To merge variable, choose a variable and click this icon. A window is displayed that allows you to customize the column order of the newly created array and to choose a name using the blue arrows.

Fit the column size to the displayed value. Recompute statistics.


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Tools Tab There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Tools tab (Figure 68).

Figure 68

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Icons on the Tools tab


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Data Editor

Functional Description The option to discretize transforms a quantitative variable into a qualitative variable. To discretize a variable, highlight a variable and click . The window in Figure 69 displays; in this example, it shows a density.

Figure 69

Discretize current variable

By default, the variable is divided into ten equal intervals from its minimum to its maximum variable value. You can adjust the default division and choose any number of intervals between 2 and 200 for the minimum and maximum values, respectively. You also can redefine the boundaries of each interval to improve accuracy. To edit a boundary, highlight a boundary and doubleclick inside the Lower boundary box. NOTE: You can modify only the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the next interval automatically adjusts to the new value.


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To add a prefix to the existing name, add it in the Prefix box in the upper right. It is automatically added to the 10 intervals (Figure 70).

Figure 70

Automatically adding a prefix to a name

To validate the changes, click Apply. A new variable displays in the Data editor with the name _RANGE (Figure 71). Optionally, you can save the variable to the database.

Figure 71

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Validating changes with a new variable


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Data Editor

Tools Tab Functions Most of the icons in this toolbar are self-explanatory. Discretize a variable (discussed above) Export data from the Data editor to Excel spreadsheet Import from Excel to the Data editor Export a spreadsheet to Excel and display the data in the Excel print preview Launch the equation Launch the equation on several tabs Open the Equation editor Create an equation Edit the equation Remove the equation Depth listener


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Save / Load Tab There are only a few actions you can take using the icons on the Save / load tab (Figure 72).

Figure 72

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Icons on the Save / load tab


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Data Editor

Functional Description Save the current data set. If several variables are modified, you can save all of the variables simultaneously by saving the whole set. When saving a variable, you can either overwrite the previous set or create a new one. In the Dataset save window, enter a new data set name and save all variables by setting Yes or save only the modified variables by setting No.

This option also allows you to duplicate a set and all the data it contains. Save only the selected variables. When a variable has been modified but not saved, it is marked by an asterisk (*). To save the variable, right-click on the variable header and click Save to overwrite the previous variable or click Save as to create a new one. Interactive help files What is this assistance


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Exercise 1

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Creating a New Data Set in Data Editor

Use the Data editor to build a data set with variables and a discretized curve. To create a new data set: 1. In the Data menu, open the Data editor . 2. Choose Well1 > LQC and choose the variables GAMM, DENS, NEUT, and SONI. 3. Drag-and-drop the variables in the Data editor . 4. Highlight the variable GAMM and click discretized curve.

to create a

5. Choose 0 for the Lower limit value and 200 for the Upper limit value and click OK. A new variable GAMM_RANGE displays in the Data editor . 6. In the Save / load tab, highlight the new curve in the Data editor and click Save

.

7. In the Save / load tab, click to LQC_Selection.

to change the data set name

8. Choose No for the option All variables and click OK. A new data set is visible in Well1 containing only the variables present in the Data editor .

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Lesson 2

Calculating Variables with the Data Editor

The Data editor allows you to calculate new variables or to apply mathematical operations to existing variables (Figure 73). You can run the calculations on the entire depth interval or in only a restricted interval. A new variable is inserted automatically in the Data editor , but it is not yet saved.

Figure 73

Calculating variables in the Data editor


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To see a list of functions available in the Data editor (Figure 74), click What is this? or press Shift + F1, then click on a cell containing a defined equation.

Figure 74

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Functions available in the Data editor


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Lesson 3

Data Editor

Equations Management in the Data Editor

The Data editor allows you to create new variables by applying mathematical operations to existing variables. These equations can be saved and reuse in another project or study.

Procedure 1

Creating and Saving an Equation

.To create or save an equation: 1. On the Tools tab, type the equation and click Create an equation

to define a new equation.

2. Enter the name of the equation. 3. Choose the family of the output curve. 4. Choose the unit of the output curve. 5. Enter comments about the equation. 6. Choose the level at which the equation will be saved: Project, User, or Company.


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Data Editor

Procedure 2

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Editing an Equation

To edit an equation: 1. Click the Tools tab. 2. Choose the equation from the drop-down list and click The Equation properties window opens.

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Data Editor

Procedure 3 Removing an Equation To remove an equation: 1. Click the Tools tab. 2. Choose an equation and click Delete

.

3. Click Yes to confirm that you wish to delete this equation.

Exercise 1

Creating an Equation

To use the Data editor to create an equation: 1. In the upper part of the Data editor , create an equation named VSH_DE = (GAMM-20)/(120-20) and press Enter . NOTE: The variable name displays with an asterisk (*) meaning it has been modified and needs to be saved. 2. Save the new curve. 3. Click

and click on the existing equation.

4. Click the Tools tab. 5. Click

to create a new equation.


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6. In the window that displays, set these properties: • Name • Unit = v/v • Family = Shale Volume • Level = Project.

Procedure 4

Displaying Variable Array Type Data

Log array type data, vectors that contain more than one measurement per depth, can be displayed in the Data editor . Log array type data are identified with the Column selection from the Display tab.

icon

To display log array type data: 1. Drag-and-drop the data into the Data editor . 2. Highlight the variable column header. Column selection on the Display tab is now active. 3. Click

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Data Editor

4. Choose one or more the columns to display and click OK to expand the variable array. For example, when you select two columns, they display as multiple highlighted columns in the Data editor , as shown in the figure.

You can also perform computations with an array variable. For example, if you multiply an array variable by a constant value, all columns are multiplied by the same constant value. The results are illustrated in the figure.

NOTE: The equation is defined with the name of the array and the results are saved as an array variable.


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Exercise 2

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Computing a Variable with an Array Variable

Log array type data are used in the Data editor to compute a variable from an Array Variable. To compute the variable: 1. Open a new empty Data editor . 2. Choose Well1 > MICP and choose the array CShg. 3. Drag-and-drop the array in the Data editor . 4. On the Display tab, choose the column and click

.

5. Choose several numbers and click OK. 6. In the equation area, compute CSW as 1-CShg. Notice that the Data editor displays only the first column of the computed array. 7. Choose the new variable and click

.

8. Click Yes to confirm you wish to save an array.

Lesson 4

Excel Connection

Data can be exported directly to Excel with one click on the Tools tab. You can perform calculations and import the results back into the Data editor .

Procedure 1

Connecting with Excel

To connect with Excel: 1. Click Export from Data editor . Excel is automatically launched and the data in the Data editor window are exported to Excel. 2. In Excel, modify the imported variables, calculate other variables, or use existing macros. 3. After completing all calculations, click Import from Excel to Data editor

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Data Editor

WARNING: The new calculated variables must have names or they cannot be imported into the Data editor .

Exercise 1

Exporting and Importing the GAMM Curve

In this exercise, you will export and import a variable after applying an equation in Excel. To import and export data with Excel: 1. Open an empty Data editor . 2. Choose Well1 > LQC and drag-and-drop the GAMM curve. 3. Click Export from Data editor

.

4. In Excel, use the GAMM values to compute VSH_Excel as (GAMM-20)/110 when the variable GAMM is defined. 5. Click Import from Excel to Data editor

.

6. Save the new variable.


How do you handle the display of array data?

•

How do you initiate the interactivity between the different viewers (Data editor, Cross-plots, layouts, and so forth)?

•

How do you launch an equation on several data sets at the same time?

Summary In this module, you learned about: •

accessing and using the functions of the Data editor

•

calculating variables

•

managing equations

•

Importing and exporting with Excel.


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NOTES

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Depth Shifting Tool and Variables Splice Tool

Module 9 Depth Shifting Tool and Variables Splice Tool The Depth shifting tool allows you to depth match logs according to a reference log and the Variables splice tool (VST) splices together continuous curve sections from different data sets in a well into a single curve.


manually and automatically create a depth shifting window

•

depth shift a variable and a data set

•

use the Variables splice tool

•

make selections in the Properties window

•

create a data set.

Lesson 1

Manual Depth Shifting

Depth shifting of several curves or an entire data set can be required to correct a tool string shift. This results in a curve being shifted up or down. This lesson shows you how to manually shift a curve or a data set.

Procedure 1

Creating a Depth Shifting Window

Several procedures can be applied to depth shift a curve. This procedure shows you how to graphically depth shift a variable from a layout. To create a depth shifting window: 1. Choose two logs: a reference log and a log to shift. 2. Drag-and-drop the two curves in an empty layout. 3. Select the two curves. 4. In the Open drop-down list, choose the Open a depth shifting window option.


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A layout is automatically generated, as shown in the figure. • The first track displays the log-to-depth shift. NOTE: In this track, the curve cannot be modified. • The second track displays the reference log. • The third track displays the log to depth shift. It is only in this track that the curve can be depth shifted. The last track also displays the log to depth curve but, this time, with the reference log to help you accurately depth match the curve.

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Procedure 2 Depth Shifting a Log The Depth shifting tool allows you to depth match logs according to a defined reference log. After you create the Depth shifting window, you will be able to manually shift your log. To activate depth shifting: 1. Hold down the Shift key and left-click in one of the two first tracks. At each click, a red anchor bar appears. 2. Position the cursor on one of the bars at the Log level. 3. Shift the log by moving the cursor up and down while holding down the left mouse button. You should bear in mind several important points when depth shifting a log: •

When only one anchor bar is present, the depth shifting is equivalent to a block shift, as the curve is displaced in one block.

•

When two or more anchor bars are present, the depth shifting is equivalent to stretching, as one of the bars locks the curve.

•

The depth shifted curve automatically takes the name of the curve with the suffix _ sft.

•

To remove an anchor bar, click on it and press the Delete key.

•

It is possible to zoom in or zoom out at any time during the operation.


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Procedure 3

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Saving the Depth Shift

After you are satisfied with a depth shift, you can save the curve and save the applied depth shifting. To save the curve: 1. Click on the curve. 2. In the Save drop-down list, choose The variable.... 3. To save the depth shifting, choose The depth shifting table... in the Save drop-down list. 4. When a window opens, enter a name for this depth shifting. The name you enter is applied to a set in which all characteristics of the depth shifting are saved.

Procedure 4 Applying a Depth Shifting This function allows you to apply a saved depth shift table to a variable or a reference. To apply a depth shifting: 1. In the Project browser , choose a curve to shift. 2. Using the contextual menu, apply the depth shift to either a variable or the reference of the data set. • If applied to the variable, only the variable will be depth shifted according to the applied table. • If applied to the reference, the entire data set will be depth shifted according to the applied table. TIP: Depth shifting is automatically applied to all the curves you have selected.

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Procedure 5


Special Feature: Block Shifting

It is possible to vertically shift, for example, a log to match two curves before splicing them. To block shift a curve: 1. Select the curve. 2. Hold down the Ctrl key while using the top and bottom arrows on the keyboard. WARNING: The shifted curve is not automatically saved. 3. Right-click on the curve and choose the Save option.

Procedure 6

Horizontal Shifting

It is possible to laterally shift, for example, a log to match two curves before splicing them. To apply a horizontal shift to a curve: 1. Hold down Ctrl + Alt and click on the curve. 2. Move the cursor from left to right, or from right to left.

Lesson 2

Automatic Depth Shifting

This option automatically computes the depth shift between two logs and displays the computed shift bars in a depth-shift layout. You can adjust or remove the computed shift bars, as desired.

Procedure 1

General Workflow for Automatic Depth Shifting

Drag two variables (log curves) into a multi-well layout. The variable can be from the same data set or from different data sets within the same well. To automatically depth shift: 1. Choose two curves and open the Depth shifting window. 2. From the Open drop-down list, choose Open the depth shift window.


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3. In the Edit drop-down list, choose Automatic definition of the depth shift table. This action calculates and displays the depth bars between the curves.

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Properties Window Depth-shift correlations can be adjusted by modifying parameters contained in the depth-shift Properties window (Figure 75), located under the Automatic shift tab.

Figure 75

Properties window for depth shifting


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Automatic Shift Parameters Automatically apply

Automatically launches the depth-shift procedure when properties are modified.

Correlation cut-off When the correlation coefficient between two sequences is below this value, the sequences will be ignored in the depth shift. Smooth windows

The automatic depth shift makes two passes: •

A low-resolution pass using a large window size (Smooth Window 1).

•

A high-resolution pass using a small window size (Smooth pass 2).

Window size

Length of the correlation sequence, specifically, the number of depth positions.

Shift size

Designated shift above and below the sequence.

Correlation type

Selects the correlation type from the dropdown list: Correlation, anti-correlation, or both.

Outliers cutoff

Increases or decreases the number of shifted depth positions. Smoothes the signal by reducing noise.

Remove outliers shift

Eliminates noise resulting in a smoother signal.

Shift outliers threshold

Eliminates noise resulting in a smoother signal.

WARNING: The shifted curve is not automatically saved. To save it, right-click on the curve and choose the Save option.

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Exercise 1


Depth Shifting a Variable

In Well 4, data set RUN2, use the Depth shift tool to shift the core porosity variable C_PHI. As a reference, use the log porosity PHIT_DK. To depth shift a variable: 1. Drag-and-drop the two variables in a new empty layout.


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2. Compare the two variables by placing two curves in the same track and fine tuning the scale.

3. Highlight both variables (core porosity first, continuous porosity second), right-click and select Open > Depth shift window.

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Use log porosity as reference and notice the shift that exists between these two curves.

4. Insert a depth shifting anchor by pressing Shift + Left click the mouse. 5. Adjust the core porosity variable to fit the two curves.

6. In the Depth shifting window, select Save > The depth shift table.


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7. Keep the default name and click Save. A new data set is created.

8. Apply the depth shift table on the variable, either from the layout or in the Project browser .

Procedure 2

Depth Shifting from the Project Browser

To depth shift the variable from the Project browser : 1. Right-click on the variable and select Apply one depth shift table on the variable….

2. Save as new version and click OK.

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3. Choose the depth shift table you wish to apply on the variable and click OK.


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Depth Shifting from the Layout

To depth shift the variable from the layout: 1. Highlight the variable. 2. In the Processing drop-down list, choose Depth shifting. 3. In the Processing drop-down list, choose On the variable.

4. Choose the depth shift table to use in the pop-up window and click OK. A temporary shifted variable is created and designated with an asterisk (*) to the right of the name. 5. Right-click on the modified variable to save it from the layout.

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Exercise 2

Depth Shifting a Data Set

The data sets RUN2 and RUN3 are not correctly adjusted. If you compare the GAMM from RUN2 and RUN3 in a layout, you will notice a small shift (Figure 76). In this exercise, you will depth shift the RUN3 data set to correct this shift.

Figure 76

Curve GR in RUN3 is shifted compared to GR in RUN2

To depth shift a data set: 1. Choose two gamma ray curves in the layout. 2. From the Open drop-down list, choose Depth shift window. 3. Press Shift + Left mouse button to insert a depth shift line.


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4. Move the line to fit the two logs.

5. Save the depth shift table. As in the previous exercise, a depth shifting data set is created in your project. 6. Right-click on the RUN3 data set and select Apply one depth shift table on the reference. 7. You have the option of not creating a new data set. If you choose NO, the depth shift table is applied on the dataset reference. The old data set is retained, but it is renamed MD_original.

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Lesson 3

Data Sets in the Variables Splice Tool

To access the tool in the Data menu, select Variables splice tool (Figure 77).

Figure 77

Launch the Variables splice tool

When the tool launches, the window in Figure 78 opens. Dragand-drop the data sets into this window to splice.

Figure 78

VST interface

The splice table automatically fills with default values. In the Limits tab, the Variable splice tool creates a table with one line for each output variable and four columns for each input curve: Position

Merging priority

Dataset.variable

Name of the data set concatenated with the name of the variable.

Top

Depth used as the top of the interval of interest for this variable. The value entered cannot be above the top of the data set.


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Depth used as the bottom of the interval of interest for this variable. The value entered cannot be below the bottom of the data set.

Each line provides one output per variable with the same name, family, and alias, according to the group type. Modify the group type in the VST Properties window (Figure 79).

Figure 79

Properties window

After setting the properties, the VST table displays with data in all cells (Figure 80).

Figure 80

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VST interface filled with data


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After you setup the VST table, check these settings in the Properties window and click Apply. •

The Apply mode can be set to Display, Save, or Save and Display.

•

Variables can be grouped by variables, family or alias name.

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Splice overlap controls the method that combines the curves: either position or mean. If gaps exist, they are filled by Iinear interpolation, missing values, a constant, or a top or bottom value.

Results can be output to a new data set with a specified name or you can overwrite an existing data set. You can assign a suffix and set controls on the sampling rate and reference unit in the Properties window (Figure 81).

Figure 81

Properties window

Click the Apply button in the lower right corner of the workflow, then modify the limits of each log and control the output in the resulting log (Figure 82).


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The group of tracks on the left corresponds to a line in the table; one track is created per variable to be spliced. The last track on the right shows the result of the splice.

Figure 82

Layout after clicking Apply

Exercise 1

Creating a Data Set

In Well4, use VST to create a data set containing all the data coming from RUN1, RUN2, RUN3, and RUN4. To create a data set: 1. From the main Data menu, open the VST window. 2. Drag-and-drop all RUN* data sets from Well4. 3. In the Properties window, set Type to variables. This groups variables by variable name. 4. Click Apply. A layout displays for each variable with four input tracks and one output track. Notice that between RUN1 and RUN2 there is no gap or overlap but between the RUN2 and RUN3 there is an overlap. The priority is given to RUN2. NOTE: A gap exists between RUN3 and RUN4.

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5. In the Properties window, choose an appropriate method to fill the gap and click Apply. 6. Set the Apply mode to Save and click Apply. A new merged data set is created. Notice that the point data variable cannot be spliced. 7. To keep core porosity in the final data set, in the Project browser drag-and-drop C_PHI data from RUN2 to Merged_Set. The Resampling tool opens automatically because each data set is defined by the reference depth, top and bottom depths, and sample rate. When moving a variable from one data set to another, all the data must conform to the new data set. (More information can be found in the Help manual by pressing F1.) 8. Click Apply to place the point variable into the final data set.


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What is the purpose of the depth shifting table?

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What are the two options to shift data?

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How do you shift a point data variable?

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What is the purpose of the Variable splice tool?

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How do you move the top and bottom limits of each input?


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manually and automatically creating a depth shifting window

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depth shifting a variable and a data set

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using the Variable splice tool

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using a splice table

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using the Properties window

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creating a data set.


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NOTES


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NOTES

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Project Data Management

Module 10 Project Data Management Project data management is a collection of tools that help you manage and perform quality control on data.

Prerequisites To successfully complete the lessons and exercises in the module, you must import the following XML files into the project from \DATA\Exercises\02 Data Harmonization Exercise\: •

Well1_Harmonization_Exercise.xml

•


•


•

Well4_Harmonization_Exercise.xml.


identify inconsistent units and families in data using the quick data mining tools in Techlog

•

use the Data harmonization tools to rename variables and families, and assign and convert units.

Lesson 1

Project Browser Optimization

The Inventory tools list all the variables present in the Project browser . To refine the inventory and focus on only the data corresponding to this exercise, create a filter on the data sets named Harmonization_Exercise . To create a filter: 1. Choose the data set Harmonization_Exercise in Well1. 2. Right-click and select Create a filter . OR


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Press Ctrl + J. The Project browser displays.

Lesson 2

Issues in the Data sets

Several tools are available that help you identify and correct problems in data.

The Project Browser The Project browser (Figure 83) can be used to quickly identify variables with missing units and families.

Figure 83

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Project browser

Variables written in black have a unit and a family assigned to them.


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Variables written in gray are missing a unit or a family.

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Variables written in red are missing a unit and a family (Figure 84).

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Families written in red are not defined in the family database.

The Project browser , however, will not allow you to identify inconsistent units or families. Also, it is not effective when working on a large number of wells or data sets.

Figure 84

Variables list in the Project browser


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Inventory Tools Open the Inventory tools (Figure 85) by selecting Data > Quick data mining.

Figure 85

Inventory tools

Variables Inventory To read the variables inventory, choose Variables inventory to display an inventory. There is one line for each variable name. The first variable name CALI has these properties:

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It is present in the four data sets (Count into the datasets=4).

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It is present in the four wells (Count into the wells=4 and Wells were present = All).

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The minimum value for CALI (within all the wells) is 8.163 in.

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The maximum value for CALI (within all the wells) is 15.651 in.

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All the variables CALI have the same unit (Count unit=1).

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All the variables CALI have the same family, Caliper (Count family=1 & Family=Caliper).


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The Variables inventory is an efficient tool for identifying nonhomogenous names, inconsistent units, and more. The goal is to make sure that each variable: •

is present with the same name in 100% of the wells

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has a minimum and maximum value consistent with its unit

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has one known unit (Count Unit =1 )

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has one family assigned (Count Family = 1).

Other inventories allow you to focus directly on the items mentioned.

Other Lists and Inventories Other lists and inventories are available that allow you to quickly identify issues such as: •

missing units: variables without unit inventory

•

missing families: variables without families inventory

•

inconsistent families: families not present in the families database inventory.

To add lists and inventories as tabs in the Quick data mining window, go to the Properties window (Figure 86) and toggle ON the relevant lists and inventories.

Figure 86

Properties window


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For example, Variables without unit inventory (Figure 87) can show a unit issue that you could not easily see in the variable inventory display - variable CKH.

Figure 87

Variables without unit inventory display

Variable CKH in well Well2 has no unit (Count Unknown unit =1 and Wells where present=Well2).

Exercise 1

Identifying Issues in a Data Set

Using the various lists and variables available in Techlog, identify the units, families, and erroneous values present in the data set named Harmonization_Exercise. NOTE: These issues will be fixed in the next lesson. To identify issues in the data: 1. Create a filter on the data set Harmonization_Exercise in the Project browser . 2. Open the variables inventories from the Techdata menu. 3. Open the Variables without unit inventory as a tab in the Quick data mining window. 4. Open the Variables without families inventory as a tab in the Quick data mining window. 5. In the Variables without unit inventory, notice these issues: • The variable CKH in well2 is missing a unit. The unit should be mD. • The variable RHOB_DH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be g/cc.

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• The variables RT and RW have an unknown unit. The unit should be ohm.m. • The variable TNPH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be v/v. 6. In the Variables without family inventory, notice these issues: • MDepth is missing a family. The family should be Measured Depth. • RHOB_DH_ADN_RT has an unknown family. The family should be Bulk Density. 7. In the Variables inventory, notice these issues: • The name for the gamma ray variables is not harmonized. In Well1, the gamma ray is named GR_CDR_RAW_RT_backup, while the gamma ray variables are named GR_CDR_RAW_RT in the other wells. • The gamma ray variables have three units: gAPI, gapi, and µR/h. • The variables in CPOR do not all have the same family. Some have the family Core Porosity, while others are assigned the family Fast Shear Uncertainty. The second family has not been correctly assigned and should be set to Core Porosity. • The variable HAFWL has two units: m and ft. All units should be harmonized to ft. • According to naming conventions, the variable MDepth should be renamed MD. • The family should be Measured Depth. • The unit of the variable MDepth is not consistent with the values of the variable (>8,000 m, while the TVDSS is below 8,200 ft). The unit should be set to ft. • The variable VSH has values inconsistent with its unit. The unit is v/v, meaning that the values should range between 0 and 1. The erroneous values must be clipped.


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Data Harmonization

You can perform the harmonization of data (renaming, assigning and converting units, assigning families, and more) in three ways: •

Sequentially solving one problem after the other using the Project browser

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Automatically using the Inventory tools

•

Using Data harmonization tools.

Data Harmonization using the Project Browser In the Properties window (Figure 88), you can manually change properties such as the unit or the family of a variable. Many of the properties have drop-down menus from which to choose, while others require that you enter a value or term.

Figure 88

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Performing Data Harmonization using the Inventory Tool With the Inventory tool, you can do basic data manipulation, such as renaming a variable or assigning a family. To perform data harmonization using the Inventory tool: 1. Highlight a variable name and click the Rename icon press F2.

2. To assign a family, select a variable name and click

.or

.

Data Harmonization using Data Harmonization Tools The Data harmonization tools (Figure 89) are accessed from the Data menu.

Figure 89

Data harmonization menu


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The harmonization tools offer these capabilities: Query rename tool

Rename any object or property within your project (Figure 90). Example: A wrong unit is assigned to a variable. The values are supposed to be displayed in percentage but, instead, are displayed in a v/v unit. Rename the unit v/v to %.

Query convert tool

Convert any unit (Figure 91).

Query delete tool

Delete any object or property.

Query duplicate tool

Duplicate any object or property.

Query list tool

List any object or property.

Example: CALI variables are supposed to be displayed as in but, instead, are displayed as cm. You can convert the variables CALI from cm to in to have harmonized units.

Example: Some variables must be deleted from all the wells.

Example: Create a backup of your variables before processing them.

Example: Create a list of all the variables in the project named DT. Query data tool

Replace or remove numeric values for any curve (Figure 92). Example: Some values of the variables are erroneous (negative porosity, for example, and must be removed.

A series of short scenarios follow that show you the primary ways in which selected tools can be used.

Query Rename Tool Scenario: Rename the variable MDepth to MD. All variables named MDepth in the data set Harmonization_Exercise will be renamed to MD.

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BEST PRACTICE: Always click Preview before renaming objects. There is no undo function in Techlog.

Figure 90

Options in the Query Rename Tool dialog


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Scenario: Rename the unit of the variable MD from M to ft. The object type is now Variable unit. You must apply a filter on the variable named MD to avoid renaming the unit of other variables (Figure 91). All variables units M in the variable MD in the data set Harmonization_Exercise will be renamed to ft.

Figure 91

Query Rename Tool window

Query Convert Tool Scenario: The units of the variable GR_CDR_RAW need to be converted to gAPI.

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All variables named GR_RAW_CDR_RT will be converted to gAPI.

Figure 92

Query Convert Tool window

Query Data Tool Scenario: The erroneous values of the variable VSH must be removed.


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All values of the variable VSH below 0 will be set to -9999.

Figure 93

Query Data Tool window

Exercise 1

Correcting Data Harmonization Issues

Use the Data harmonization query tools to repair data harmonization issues in the following scenarios.

Scenario: The variable CKH in Well2 is missing a unit; the unit should be mD. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the After field to mD. 4. Set a Well filter to Well2. 5. Set a variable filter to CKH. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.

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Scenario: The variable RHOB_DH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be g/cc. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the After field to g/cc. 4. Set a variable filter to RHOB_DH_ADN_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: The variables RT and RW have an unknown unit. The unit should be ohm. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the Before field to OHM_PER_M. 4. Set the After field to ohm.m. 5. Set a variable filter to RT. 6. Click Preview and click Apply. 7. Repeat the same operation for the variables RW.

Scenario: The variable TNPH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be per fraction. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the After field to v/v. 4. Set a variable filter to TNPH_ADN_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: MD is missing a family. The family should be Measured Depth. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the After field to Measured Depth. 4. Set a variable filter to MD. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.


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Scenario: RHOB_DH_ADN_RT has an unknown family. The family should be Bulk Density. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the Before field to Bulk Density LWD. 4. Set the After field to Bulk Density. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: The variables CPOR are assigned to various families. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the Before field to Fast Shear Uncertainty. 4. Set the After field to Core Porosity. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: The name for the gamma ray variable is not harmonized. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable name. 3. Set the Before field to GR_RAW_RT_backup. 4. Set the After field to GR_RAW_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: The gamma ray variable has three units - gAPI, gapi, and µR/h. 1. Open the Query convert tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the Before field to (*). 4. Set the After field to gAPI. 5. Set a variable filter to GR_RAW_RT. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.

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Scenario: The variable HAFWL has two units – m and ft. 1. Open the Query convert tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the Before field to ft. 4. Set the After field to m. 5. Set a variable filter to HAFWL. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: Variable MD has no family. The family should be Measured Depth. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the After field to Measured Depth. 4. Set a variable filter to MD. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.

Scenario: The variable VSH has values inconsistent with its unit. 1. Open the Query data tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable. 3. Set the Before field to Data<0. 4. Set the After field to -9999. 5. Set a variable filter to VSH. 6. Click Preview and click Edit. 7. Set the Before field to Data>1. 8. Click Preview and click Edit.


Which tool would you use to change all -999.25 to -9999?

•

What can you do if one of the units is degrees and is not recognized by Techlog?

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How can you see the list of variables present in a project?


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228

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identifying inconsistent units and families in the data using the Quick data mining tools in Techlog

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using the Data harmonization tools to rename variables and families, and assign and convert units.


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NOTES


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Techlog 2011.1 Fundamentals H

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